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Alameda Police Department Policy Manual
Military Equipment
707.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this policy is to provide guidelines for the approval, acquisition, and reporting requirements of military equipment (Government Code § 7070; Government Code § 7071; Government Code § 7072).
707.1.1 DEFINITIONS
Definitions related to this policy include (Government Code § 7070):
Governing body – The elected or appointed body that oversees the Department.
Military equipment – Includes but is not limited to the following:
• Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered aerial or ground vehicles. • Mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers. • High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), two-and-one-half-ton trucks, five-ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached. • Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants. • Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of public safety units. • Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind. • Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature.
This does not include a handheld, one-person ram.
• Firearms and ammunition of .50 caliber or greater, excluding standard-issue shotguns and standard-issue shotgun ammunition.
• Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including firearms and accessories identified as assault weapons in Penal Code § 30510 and Penal Code § 30515, with the exception of standard-issue firearms.
• Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles. • Noise-flash diversionary devices and explosive breaching tools. • Munitions containing tear gas or OC, excluding standard, service-issued handheld pepper spray.
• TASER® Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and long-range acoustic devices (LRADs).
• Kinetic energy weapons and munitions.
• Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight.
Policy
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Alameda PD Policy Manual
Military Equipment
707.2 POLICY
It is the policy of the Alameda Police Department that members of this Department comply with the provisions of Government Code § 7071 with respect to military equipment.
707.3 MILITARY EQUIPMENT COORDINATOR
The Chief of Police should designate a member of this Department to act as the military equipment coordinator. The responsibilities of the military equipment coordinator include but are not limited to:
(a) Acting as liaison to the governing body for matters related to the requirements of this policy.
(b) Identifying department equipment that qualifies as military equipment in the current possession of the Department, or the equipment the Department intends to acquire that requires approval by the governing body.
(c) Conducting an inventory of all military equipment at least annually. (d) Collaborating with any allied agency that may use military equipment within the jurisdiction of Alameda Police Department (Government Code § 7071). (e) Preparing for, scheduling, and coordinating the annual community engagement meeting to include:
1. Publicizing the details of the meeting.
2. Preparing for public questions regarding the Department’s funding, acquisition, and use of equipment.
(f) Preparing the annual military equipment report for submission to the Chief of Police and ensuring that the report is made available on the department website (Government Code § 7072).
(g) Establishing the procedure for a person to register a complaint or concern, or how that person may submit a question about the use of a type of military equipment, and how the Department will respond in a timely manner.
707.4 MILITARY EQUIPMENT INVENTORY
The following constitutes a list of qualifying equipment for the Department:
See attachment: Military Equipment Inventory 04012022.pdf
707.5 APPROVAL
The Chief of Police or the authorized designee shall obtain approval from the governing body by way of an ordinance adopting the military equipment policy. As part of the approval process, the Chief of Police or the authorized designee shall ensure the proposed military equipment policy is submitted to the governing body and is available on the department website at least 30 days prior to any public hearing concerning the military equipment at issue (Government Code § 7071). The military equipment policy must be approved by the governing body prior to engaging in any of the following (Government Code § 7071):
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Alameda PD Policy Manual
Military Equipment
(a) Requesting military equipment made available pursuant to 10 USC § 2576a. (b) Seeking funds for military equipment, including but not limited to applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers.
(c) Acquiring military equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by borrowing or leasing.
(d) Collaborating with another law enforcement agency in the deployment or other use of military equipment within the jurisdiction of this Department. (e) Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by the governing body.
(f) Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of military equipment.
(g) Acquiring military equipment through any means not provided above.
707.6 COORDINATION WITH OTHER JURISDICTIONS
Military equipment should not be used by any other law enforcement agency or member in this jurisdiction unless the military equipment is approved for use in accordance with this policy.
707.7 REPORTING
Upon approval of a military equipment policy, the Chief of Police or the authorized designee should submit a military equipment report to the governing body for each type of military equipment approved within one year of approval, and annually thereafter for as long as the military equipment is available for use (Government Code § 7072).
The Alameda Police Department will send a notification of the use of military equipment per policy 358.5. After City Council is notified, the Alameda Police Department will ensure that a summary of each use of AB 481 equipment is published on the Department’s website within 60 days. The Chief of Police or the authorized designee may extend any or all notifications to protect the integrity of a criminal or administrative investigation.
The Chief of Police or the authorized designee should also make each annual military equipment report publicly available on the department website for as long as the military equipment is available for use. The report shall include all information required by Government Code § 7072 for the preceding calendar year for each type of military equipment in department inventory.
707.8 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Within 30 days of submitting and publicly releasing the annual report, the Department shall hold at least one well-publicized and conveniently located community engagement meeting, at which the Department should discuss the report and respond to public questions regarding the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment.
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Attachments
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Alameda PD Policy Manual
Military Equipment Inventory 04012022.pdf
Attachment
6 1. Crewless, Remotely Piloted, Powered Ground Vehicle
Quantity, Description, and Capabilities
The Robotex Avatar robot is a remote controlled, crewless machine that operates on the ground. As a heavy-duty robot, it can climb stairs and its arm can lift 65 pounds. The robot offers multiple communications options, and its chassis has space for accessories and tool combinations. It is used to enhance the safety of the community and officers.
Purpose
This robot is used for remotely gaining visual/audio data, delivering portable phones, opening doors, removing suspicious packages, and clearing buildings.
The robot improves scene intelligence, which allows officers to leave dangerous areas and go to safer places.
Authorized Use
The robot is only used in incidents where officers have the legal authority to search or be at a given location. Approval to deploy the robot comes from a Watch Commander.
Expected Lifespan
The expected lifespan is 10+ years.
Fiscal Impact
The robot was acquired in 2012 with grant funds of $25,000. The annual maintenance cost is estimated between $0 and $5,000, depending on the serviceability of the battery.
Training
All robot operators must complete the basic SW AT Operator Course prior to operating or using the equipment.
Legal and Policy Rules
Use is established under Policy 408, which stipulates that the robot is to be used for official law enforcement purposes in accordance with state and federal laws.
2. Armored Personnel Carrier, Vehicle with Entry Apparatus Attached
Quantity, Description, and Capabilities
The Ballistic Armored Tactical Transport (BATT) Emergency Response Vehicle (ERV) is built on a 2012 Ford F -550 chassis. The ERV is designed to provide ballistic protection during tactical events by withstanding multiple bullet strikes from small arms fire. The ERV is equipped with emergency lights, siren, and a public address system.
Purpose
7 The ERV is used in response t o critical incidents to enhance officer and community safety, improve scene containment and stabilization, and assist in resolving critical incidents. The main uses for the ERV are resident and officer rescues, evacuations, and the deployment of officers and approved equipment.
The ERV can be used as a de -escalation apparatus that allows close, safe, contact with armed suspects. The vehicle has a detachable breaching apparatus, which can be affixed to the front bumper. The apparatus can assist in entry where handheld tools are inadequate or ineffective against barricaded individuals.
Authorized Use
The use of armored vehicles can be authorized only by a Watch Commander based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident.
Expected Lifespan
The expected lifespan is 25 years.
Fiscal Impact
The ERV was originally purchased in 2013 with general fund money of $172,927.21.
The estimated annual maintenance cost ranges from $0 to $1,000, depending on scheduled maintenance and serviceability. Since 2015, the maintenance cost has collectively been approximately $2,000.
Training
The ERV can be deployed only by officers trained in its specific use and in a manner consistent with departmental policy and training. All officers are required to go through training every other year in emergency vehicle operations per POST regulations.
Legal and Policy Rules
Use is established under APD Policy 409. It is the policy of the Alameda Police Department to utilize the ERV only for official law enforcement purposes and according to state and federal laws.
3. Specialized Firearms and Ammunition
Quantity, Description, and Capabilities
The APD has 55 Colt, AR-15 carbine rifles, capable of accurately stopping an armed subject at various distances. These shoulder-fired rifles are designed for semi -automatic fire chambered in 5.56 NATO/Remington .223. They are outfitted with lighting devices to boost safety and electronic sighting devices to enhance the ease of use and the accuracy of fire.
The APD also has two Bushmaster carbine rifles that are nearly identical to the Colt carbines, except for their shorter barrels. These shoulder-fired rifles are designed for semi -automatic fire chambered in 5.56 NATO/Remington .223. These were purchased for the SWAT team leaders who needed more maneuverability to control the tactical operators during SWAT operations.
8 The APD has approximately 30K rounds of Hornady, .223 Remington ammunition. The Hornady Spire Point, 55 grain, Hornady ammunition features a lead core jacketed bullet that incorporates a non-corrosive primer with a brass casing. The Hornady ammunition offers muzzle velocity of 3240 feet per second and muzzle energy of 1282-foot lbs.
The APD has two Armalite 10 semi -automatic rifles. These firearms are chambered with .308 Winchester. They are built on a similar platform as the Colt rifles but have greater stopping power. These rifles are primarily used in an over -watch capacity to protect the community and officers during large events and in tactical situations where it might be necessary to incapacitate vehicles intentionally being used as weapons. These rifles are outfitted with scoped optics designed to improve the accuracy when shots are fired.
The APD has approximately 5K rounds of Hornady, .308 Winchester 168 grain, ELD, TAP PRECISION ammunition. These cartridges incorporate the new ELD Match bullet. The bullet has a heat resistant polymer tip that improves the ballistic coefficient resulting in higher impact velocities, less drop, less wind drift, and more energy on target. The cartridge delivers excellent terminal performance. The cartridge offers a muzzle speed of 2582 feet per second and a muzzle energy of 2487-foot lbs.
The APD has three, AR-15 style training rifles, one Rock River Arms, ALR- 15 and two Colt AR-15 rifles that are chambered in 9mm, which is APD’s standard duty issued handgun caliber. These t raining rifles are chambered in that caliber to accommodate the limitations of our indoor range housed at the APD building. These rifles operate the same as the .223 rifles without the high muzzle velocities and with less foot-pounds of energy.
Purpose
These rifles are to be used as precision weapons that confront a threat with greater accuracy at longer distances than a handgun. They are also used to defeat body - armor worn by suspects who engage in violence and to stop ongoing threats that cannot be handled with handgun munitions.
Authorized Use
Patrol rifles can be deployed in any circumstance where a team member expresses a reasonable expectation that the rifle may be needed in accordance with Policy 312.3.2. Examples of some general guidel ines for deploying the patrol rifle may include, but are not limited to:
• Situations where the member reasonably anticipates an armed encounter.
• When a member is faced with a situation that may require accurate and effective fire at long range.
• Situations where a member reasonably expects the need to meet or 9 exceed a suspect’s firepower.
• When a member reasonably believes that there may be a need to fire on a barricaded person or a person with a hostage.
• When a member reasonably believes that a suspect may be wearing body armor.
• When authorized or requested by a supervisor.
• When needed to euthanize an animal.
Carbine rifles can be deployed in any circumstance where a member can express a reasonable expectation that the rifle may be needed and in accordance with Policy 312.3.2. These weapons are used only by members of the tactical team.
AR-10 rifles’ authorized uses are similar to the patrol rifles, but they can be deployed by only members of the tactical team who have successfully completed POST-approved sniper training.
Expected Lifespans
Colt, AR-15: No defined expiration, but until it is no longer serviceable.
Bushmaster carbine: Same as above.
Armalite-10: Same as above.
Rock River LAR-15: Same as above
Fiscal Impacts
The 55 Colt patrol rifles were originally purchased in 2002 with general fund money (approximately $800 per rifle).
The two Bushmaster rifles were originally purchased in 2010 with general fund money (approximately $1,500 per rifle).
.223 ammunition was originally purchased when the APD acquired patrol rifles in 2002 and general fund money was used. It costs approximately $21,600 annually to maintain 60K rounds of ammunition.
The two Armalite .308 rifles were originally purchased individually, one in 2009 and one in 2012 with general fund money (approximately $2,000 per rifle).
.308 ammunition was originally purchased over 20 years ago at the formation of the APD’s tactical team. The ammunition is purchased using general fund 10 money. It costs approximately $7,500 annually to maintain 5K rounds of ammunition.
The Rock River 9mm rifle was originally purchased over 15 years ago with general fund money (approximately $970 per rifle).
The estimated ongoing maintenance of all the firear ms listed in this category is $0– $100 per rifle based on serviceability.
Training
Prior to using a rifle, officers must be certified by POST instructors. Officers are then required to complete quarterly training and qualification conducted by a certifi ed patrol rifle instructor.
Legal and Policy Rules
Policy 432 governs patrol rifle use, qualifications, and various other elements including storage. POST requires ongoing biannual training with patrol rifles.
4. Noise Flash Diversionary Devices
Description, Quantity, and Capabilities
28 Combined Tactical Systems, model 7290 flash bangs, which is a non -bursting, non-fragmenting bang device that produces a thunderous bang with an intense bright light. Flash bangs are ideal for distracting dangerous suspects during assaults, hostage rescues, room entries, and other high-risk arrest situations.
Purpose
The flash bangs produce atmospheric pressure and brilliant white light and, as a result, cause short -term (6 –8 seconds) of physiological and psychological sensory deprivation that gives officers a tactical advantage.
Authorized Use
Diversionary devices can only be used:
• By officers who have been trained in their proper use.
• In hostage and barricaded subject situations.
• In high- risk warrant (search/arrest) services where there may be extreme hazards to officers.
• During other high-risk situations where their use would enhance officer safety.
• During training exercises.
Lifespan
The lifespan is until used.
11 Fiscal Impact
These devices were initially purchased over 20 years ago and the ongoing replenishment costs come from general fund money ($38 per munition). The annual estimated cost is approximately $500 to maintain 40 munitions.
Training
Prior to use, officers must attend diversionary device training conducted by POST-certified instructors.
Legal and Procedural Rules
Use of flash bangs is established under the SWAT Manual. It is the policy of the APD to utilize diversion devices only for offici al law enforcement purposes and according to state and federal laws regarding the use of force.
5. Munitions Containing Tear Gas
Quantity, Description, and Capabilities
Various quantities of chemical agent munitions, which are commonly referred to as “tear gas,” are used by the APD as a non- lethal tool to disperse rioting suspects and on barricaded individuals. The APD uses two chemical agents used by law enforcement across the United States: CS (2 Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) and OC (Oleoresin Capsicum).
CS is an irritating agent and lachrymator (irritates the eyes and causes tears to flow). CS has been medically tested in the UK and U.S., specifically by the U.S.
Army. There are no known allergic reactions to CS. OC was de-regulated in California in 1996, is endorsed by the FBI, and is available to civilians to legally possess (2.5 oz. or less). OC is an inflammatory agent that causes involuntary closure of eyes (opening again in 2– 5 minutes) and respiratory inflammation (subsides in approximately 2 minutes).
32 CS grenades emitting CS smoke for 20 to 40 seconds through gas ports located on top of the devices.
4 OC vapor aerosol grenades delivering a high concentration of OC in a powerful mist; designed for indoor use and in confined areas.
4 OC/CS vapor aerosol grenades delivering a high concentration combination of OC and CS in a powerful mist; designed for indoor use and in confined areas.
15 40mm muzzle blast OC powder dispersion rounds with an aluminum shell and propelling powdered OC at short ranges (no more than 30 feet).
33 40mm muzzle blast CS powder dispersion rounds with an aluminum shell and propelling OC powder at short ranges (no more than 30 feet).
12 24 40mm liquid CS barricade-penetrating projectiles with a plastic shell and launching from a 40mm launcher. The projectile contains liquid CS encapsulated in the frangible round and is designed to penetrate windows, hollow core int erior doors, and thin plywood. Once fragmented, the projectile spreads the liquid CS.
4 40mm powder CS barricade- penetrating projectiles with a plastic shell and launching from a 40mm launcher. The projectile contains powdered CS in the frangible round and is designed to penetrate windows, hollow core interior doors, and thin plywood. Once fragmented, the projectile spreads the powdered CS.
28 40mm liquid OC barricade-penetrating projectiles with a plastic shell and launching from a 40mm launcher. The projectile contains liquid OC in the frangible round and is designed to penetrate windows, hollow core interior doors, and thin plywood. Once fragmented, the projectile spreads the liquid OC.
13 40mm powder OC barricade- penetrating projectiles with a plastic shell and launching from a 40mm launcher. The projectile contains powder OC in the frangible round and is designed to penetrate windows, hollow core interior doors, and thin plywood. Once fragmented, the projectile spreads the liquid OC.
Purpose
To limit the escalation of conflict where employment of lethal force is prohibited or unreasonable. Situations for use of the less-lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
• Barricaded wanted suspects
• Riot control
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained
• Potentially vicious animals
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations
Authorized Use
These items are used by our tactical team operators during deployments or during riots. Only officers who have received POST certification or manufacturer-specific training in the use of chemical agents are authorized to use them within the limitations of Policy 300 and Government Code 7286(a). Reporting of any use must comply with Policy 468.13 and Penal Code 13652.1.
13 Training
Sworn members utilizing chemical agents or impact rounds are trained in their use by POST-certified, less-lethal, and chemical-agent instructors. Further, the officers must comply with Policy 468.12.
Lifespan
CS grenades, 6 years
OC vapor aerosol grenades, 5 years
OC/CS vapor aerosol grenades, 5 years
40mm muzzle blast OC powder, 5 years
40mm muzzle blast CS powder, 5 years
40mm liquid CS barricade penetrating projectiles, 6 years
40mm powder CS barricade penetrating projectiles, 5 years
40mm liquid OC barricade penetrating projectiles, 6 years
40mm powder OC barricade penetrating projectiles, 5 years
Fiscal Impact
CS grenades initially acquired over 7 years ago by unknown funds. The cost per munition is $23. It will cost approximately $191 annually to maintain 50 grenades without use.
OC vapor aerosol grenade, 7+ years, $23 per munition, approx. $20 annually to maintain 4 munitions
OC/CS vapor aerosol grenade, 7+ years, $23 per munition, approx. $20 annually to maintain 4 munitions
40mm muzzle blast OC powder, 7+ years, $20 per munition, approx. $80 to maintain 20 munitions
40mm muzzle blast CS powder, 7+ years, $20 per munition, approx. $160 to maintain 40 munitions
40mm liquid CS barricade penetrating projectiles, 7+ years, $20 per munition, approx. $100 to maintain 30 munitions
40mm powder CS barricade penetrating projectiles, 7+ years, $24 per munition, approx. $16 to maintain 4 munitions
40mm liquid OC barricade penetrating projectiles, 7+ years, $20 per munition, approx. $100 to maintain 30 munitions
14 40mm powder OC barricade penetrating projectiles, 7+ years, $25 per munition, approx. $75 to maintain 15 munitions
Legal and Procedural Rules
Use is established under the SWAT Manual. It is the policy of the APD to utilize specialized chemical agents only for official law enforcement purposes according to state and federal laws regarding the use of force. Sworn members utilizing specialized chemical agents must be trained in their use by POST - certified, less-lethal, and chemical-agent instructors.
6. Kinetic Energy Weapons and Munitions
Quantity, Description, and Capabilities
6 Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) 303 launchers that use high-pressure air to deliver kinetic projectiles (similar to a paintball delivery system) with paint marking ability. The system launches projectiles at a target (person) 60 feet away. It is a less lethal option when law enforcement officers need to deliver a kinetic energy impact to hostile subjects in violent encounters. It is also a de- escalation tool used to avoid further injuries or more lethal options.
1,500 FN 303 kinetic impact rounds used in the launcher are .68 caliber, 8.5- gram projectiles with non -toxic bismuth in the plastic forward compartment, followed by an indelible paint plastic compartment. The launcher uses compressed air to propel the projectiles. The primary benefits are to provide a longer-distance impact and a less lethal alternative to close contact force. The munition launcher sends a projectile that creates trauma, distraction, and pain, followed by marking of specific individuals for identification and later arrest. The projectiles have a velocity of 280–350 feet per second (FPS).
6 Remington 870 less lethal shotguns are used to deploy a 12-gauge beanbag round up to a distance of 75 feet. The range of the weapon system helps to maintain space between officers and a suspect by reducing the immediacy of the threat, which is a main principle of de -escalation. These weapon systems are distinguishable by their yellow stock and fore grip. The weapon serves as a less lethal distance impact weapon to cause pain, distraction, and trauma for violent offenders.
100 12-gauge ballistic fiber bags filled with 40 grams of number 9 lead shot, commonly referred to as a beanbag round. This projectile travels at a velocity of 270–290 (FPS).
3 Defense Technology 40mm single- shot launchers. The launcher fires standard 40mm less lethal impact ammunition, up to 4.8 inches in cartridge length. The 40mm single launcher is not a firearm, but a less lethal launching system that uses smokeless powder to deliv er 40mm projectiles from a safe distance. The launcher can send 40mm munitions at a target up to 40 yards away. The less lethal launcher is a single launcher, which allows officers to assess after every spent munition.
15 Defense Technology 40mm multi -shot launcher. This four -shot, low profile, lightweight launcher provides multi -shot capability in a shoulder -firing configuration. It contains spring -loaded cylinders that auto- rotate to allow for rapid successive shots without reloading. It discharges many of the 40mm projectiles outlined in the above section.
100 40mm munitions, a direct-impact, spin-stabilized sponge munition used as a less lethal weapon designed to de-escalate a potentially violent encounter.
Purpose
Kinetic projectiles limit the escalation of conflicts where lethal force is prohibited, unreasonable, and undesirable. Kinetic energy projectiles, when used properly, are less likely to result in death or serious physical injury and can be used to de- escalate a potentially deadly situation.
Authorized Use
Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
• The suspect is armed with a weapon and the tactical circumstances allow for the safe application of approved munitions.
• The suspect has made credible threats to harm themselves or others.
• The suspect is engaged in riotous behavior or is throwing rocks, bottles, or other dangerous projectiles at people and/or officers.
• There is probable cause to believe that the suspect has already committed a crime of violence and is refusing to comply with lawful orders.
Expected Lifespans
FN 303 Launcher until no longer serviceable
FN 303 munitions, 5 years
Remington 870 until no longer serviceable
Ballistic Fiber Bag Munitions (beanbags), 5 years
40mm Defense Technology single-shot launcher until no longer serviceable
40mm Defense Technology multi-shot launcher until no longer serviceable
40mm sponge munitions, 5 years
Training
Sworn members must be trained in less lethal kinetic munitions by POST - certified instructors. Proficiency training will be monitored and documented 16 biannually by a certified, control-device weapons or tactics instructor. If an officer cannot demonstrate proficiency with a control device or knowledge of this agency’s Use of Force Policy after remedial training, then that officer will be restricted from carrying a controlled device.
Fiscal Impacts
FN 303 launchers were purchased from 2015-2021 with general fund money (approximately $800 per launcher). Estimated annual cost is $0–$100 to maintain and service the launchers.
1,500 FN 303 munitions were last purchased in 2019 to replenish the expired stock. It will cost an estimated annual average cost of $628 to maintain the inventory.
Remington 870 beanbag launchers were purchased over 20 years ago as standard issued shotguns. They were repurposed into less lethal shotguns. The initial cost is unknown as well as the funding source.
Estimated annual cost is between $0 and $100 for maintenance based on serviceability.
Beanbag munitions were initially purchased over 20 years ago for an unknown amount using unknown funds. It is estimated to cost $100 annually based on lifespan and quantities.
40mm launchers were purchased in 2006 with general fund money ($524.62 per launcher). Estimated annual cost is $0 to $100 to maintain and service the launchers.
40mm multi-shot launcher was purchased in 2006 with general fund money for $524.62. Estimated cost is $0 $100 annually to maintain and service the launcher.
40mm sponge munitions were initially purchased in 2014 with general fund money ($18.23 per munition). Estimated cost is $0 to $370 annually to maintain and service these munitions.
Legal and Policy Rules
Rules are established under Policy 300, 308, 312.5, 312.5.1, and the SWAT Manual.
It is the policy of the APD to utilize the kinetic energy rounds for official law enforcement purposes and according to state and federal laws, such as Penal Code 13652.