Community Risk
Assessment/Standards of Cover
May 7, 2024
Nicholas Luby – Alameda Fire Chief
• The Project
o “Report Card”
o Industry standards and history
o AP Triton
• Community Risk Assessment (CRA)
o A participatory process that assesses community hazards, vulnerabilities, risks, and resiliency.
o The CRA’s primary purpose is to provide data to help the Alameda Fire Department (AFD) plan and implement risk reduction measures. • Standards of Cover
o Technical evaluation of how AFD is deployed and how AFD is performing. • CRA/SOC Combined
o Information will be used to identify gaps in performance and potential improvements to service delivery for day-to-day operations and long-term sustainability.
• Next Steps
o Address easy-to-implement operational items in the near-term o Prepare implementation strategy for longer-term policy and facility issues • Community Engagement Survey
o Add on component (779 Responses)
o 84% satisfied or very satisfied with AFD services
o 3% responded as somewhat dissatisfied or dissatisfied o Fire Suppression is the highest priority for services provided – Medical care second
o High priority placed on ensuring First Responders are trained and technically competent
o The top expectation from the community is to maintain a rapid response to incidents
• Community Feedback Section
o Expectations
o Unmet expectations
o Positive feedback
o Concerns
o Other
Community Risk
Assessment &
Standards of Cover
Clay Steward
Project Manager
City of Alameda Fire
Department
Community Risk Assessment
Community Risk Assessment
• City Overview
• Population, Demographics, & Housing
Community Risk Assessment
• City Overview
• Population, Demographics, & Housing
• Risk Classification
0 10
20 30
40 50
60 70
All Type (Max)
EMS (Max)
Tech Rescue (Max)
HazMat (Max)
EMS (High)
Fire (High)
HazMat (High)
Fire (Moderate)
EMS (Moderate)
Tech Rescue (High)
Fire (Low)
EMS (Low
Tech Rescue (Moderate)
HazMat (Moderate)
Tech Rescue (Low)
HazMat (Low)
Risk Score Total
Consiquence Impact Probability
Program Severity 3-Factor Scoring
Fire Low Consequence
EMS Moderate Impact
Tech. Rescue High Probability
HazMat Max
Community Risk Assessment
• City Overview
• Population, Demographics, & Housing
• Risk Classification
• Land Use
Community Risk Assessment
• City Overview
• Population, Demographics, & Housing
• Risk Classification
• Land Use
• General Assets Protected
Community Risk Assessment
• City Overview
• Population, Demographics, & Housing
• Risk Classification
• Land Use
• General Assets Protected
• Threats
Community Risk Assessment
• City Overview
• Population, Demographics, & Housing
• Risk Classification
• Land Use
• General Assets Protected
• Threats
• Critical Infrastructure
Community Risk Assessment
• City Overview
• Population, Demographics, & Housing
• Risk Classification
• Land Use
• General Assets Protected
• Threats
• Critical Infrastructure
• Community Comparison
46 173
213
172
138
47 10 0 42 28 7
0 50
100
150
200
250
Class
1 Class
2 Class
3 Class
4 Class
5 Class
6 Class
7 Class
8 Class
8B
Class
9 Class
10 Year AFD Fires per
1,000 Population
U.S. Fires per
1,000 Population
2019 2.2 4.0
2020 2.7 4.3
2021 3.0 4.1
2022 2.6 N/A*
*Data for the number of fires in the U.S. has not been released for 2022.
Standard of Cover &
Deployment
Standard of Cover
• Fire Department Overview
Standard of Cover
• Fire Department Overview
• Staffing
2.86 1.48 1.29
0.89 0
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
National
(High)
AFD National
(Median)
Western
Region
(Median)
Standard of Cover
• Fire Department Overview
• Staffing
• Finance
5-year Summary AFD FY 17–18
Actual
FY 18–19
Actual
FY 19–20
Actual
FY 20–21
Actual
FY 21–22
Actual
Salary & Employee Benefits: Emergency Services & EMS
Salaries and Wages 12,291,309 12,196,580 11,768,068 12,200,712 13,175,867 Overtime 1,128,204 2,497,921 2,446,041 2,300,479 2,397,737 Subtotal 13,419,513 14,694,501 14,214,109 14,501,191 15,573,604 Salary & Employee Benefits: Remaining Divisions
Salaries, Wages & OT 1,812,777 2,121,048 2,636,747 2,715,478 2,881,178 Subtotal 15,232,290 16,815,549 16,850,856 17,216,669 18,454,782 Pension and OPEB 8,216,767 8,675,190 9,293,831 10,231,643 10,708,974 Benefits 2,432,344 2,334,007 2,201,697 2,285,963 2,585,738 Total Salary and Benefits: 25,881,401 27,824,746 28,346,384 29,734,275 31,749,494 Non-Salary Expenditures
Cost Allocation 2,517,926 3,327,001 3,976,503 3,906,870 5,191,876 Operating Expenditures 2,670,587 3,390,085 2,807,566 2,927,841 2,309,699 Transfer out — 1,226,671 801,819 216,244 183,026
Debt Service 201,385 223,354 226,119 231,271 236,578
Capital Outlay 2,115,284 389,895 95,678 — 146,835
Total GF Impact: 33,386,583 36,381,752 36,254,069 37,016,501 39,817,508 Standard of Cover
• Fire Department Overview
• Staffing
• Finance
• Capital Facilities & Apparatus
Station 2 - Fair
Station 1 - Good
Station 3 - Excellent
Station 4 - Good
Station 5 - Poor
HISTORIC
PERFORMANCE
Evaluates response and
deployment against
industry best practices.
Demand – 68% Medical
5,831
5,257
5,566
6,389
271
328
321
335
1,330
1,263
1,349
1,407
0 2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
2019 2020 2021 2022
EMS FIRE
OTHER EMS Trend
Fire Trend Other Trend
-
500
1,000
1,500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
EMS FIRE OTHER
1,134
1,508
2,708
2,906
971
1,213
2,383
2,436
930
1,132
2,274
2,368
969
1,510
2,522
2,836
- 2,000 4,000
Engine 4
Engine 3
Engine 2
Engine 1
2019 2020 2021 2022
19,453
53,661
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
All Incidents All Incident Forecast EMS
EMS Forecast FIRE Fire Forecast
Other Other Forecast
HISTORIC
PERFORMANCE
Evaluates response and
deployment against
industry best practices.
Demand – 68% Medical
Resource Distribution
HISTORIC
PERFORMANCE
Evaluates response and
deployment against
industry best practices.
Demand – 68% Medical
Resource Distribution
Time Performance
KPI Timestamp MGMT Segment NFPA Standard AFD Performance Total Response Time
(6 Min. 44 Sec. 90%)
Dispatch
Times
Phone Ring
Answer Time
15 Sec. 90%
20 Sec. 95%
NFPA 1225
No Data
Answer
Call Processing
60 Sec. 90%
Some Exceptions
NFPA 1225
1 Min. 18 Sec. 90%
Fire Department
Response Time
Unit Notified
Turn Out Time
60/80 Sec. 90%
NFPA 1710 2 Min. 10 Sec. 90%
Unit Enroute
Travel Time
480 Sec. 90%
NFPA 1710 5 Min. 1 Sec. 90%
1st Unit Arrive
HISTORIC
PERFORMANCE
Evaluates response and
deployment against
industry best practices.
Demand – 68% Medical
Resource Distribution
Time Performance
Critical Task Analysis
Function Maximum
Risk
High
Risk
Moderate
Risk
Low
Risk
Command/Support 2 2 1 1
Safety 1 1 1 *
Size up (360°) * * * *
Driver/Engine or Pump Operator 2 2 2 1
Water Supply 2 2
Standpipe/Sprinkler Control 2 2
Fire Attack 6 2 2 1
Search & Rescue 3 3 3
Ventilation/Utilities 2 2 2
Backup Line 2 2 2
Rapid Intervention Team 8 4 2
EMS Unit - ALS 4 2 2
Total Effective Response Force: 34 24 17 3
* Temporary Assignment
Dispatched Apparatus AFD
Units
AFD
Staff
Aid
Units
Aid
Staff Staffing
Low Risk (ERF staffing = 3)
Engine 1 3 3
Totals: Over/(Under) ERF 1 3 0 0 0
Moderate Risk (ERF staffing = 17)
Engine 3 9 9
Truck 2 6 6
Division Chief 1 1 1
EMS 1 2 2
Totals: Over/(Under) ERF 7 18 +1
High Risk (ERF staffing = 24)
Engine 4 12 12
Truck 2 6 6
Division Chief 1 1 1
EMS 5 10 10
Totals: Over/(Under) ERF 12 29 +5
Maximum Risk (ERF staffing = 37)
Engine 4 12 3 12 12
Truck 2 6 1 5 11
Division Chief 1 1 1 1 2
EMS 5 10
Totals: Over/(Under) ERF 12 29 5 18 +13
Findings &
Recommendations
RECOMMENDATION A-1: CONDUCT AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF THE AMBULANCE TRANSPORT FEE SCHEDULE AND UPDATE AS NEEDED.
RECOMMENDATION A-8: CREATE AND FUND A FACILITY , APPARATUS, AND EQUIPMENT COMPREHENSIVE IMPROVEMENT AND REPLACEMENT PLAN.
RECOMMENDATION A-2: IDENTIFY ALL COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES AND TARGET
HAZARDS
RECOMMENDATION A-3: MANDATE TRAINING AND POLICY FOR FIRE LOSS CALCULATIONS.
RECOMMENDATION A-6: DEVELOP A SCHEDULE TO INSPECT ALL COMMERCIAL
OCCUPANCIES
RECOMMENDATION A-7: TRANSITION TO A FIRE-BASED RECORD MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM FOR THE FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU
RECOMMENDATION A-4: FORMALLY ADOPT EMERGENCY RESPONSE GOALS.
RECOMMENDATION A-5: REVIEW INCIDENT DATA ANNUALLY .
RECOMMENDATION B-2: REMOVE THE CURRENT TRAINING CENTER AND ADD A STATION/TRAINING CENTER BUILDING ON THE STATION 5 SITE
RECOMMENDATION B-4: REFURBISH, REMODEL, OR REPLACE STATION 2.
RECOMMENDATION B-5: IMPROVE PARKING AT THE EOC.
Financial
Fire Marshal
Performance/Data
Buildings
Compliance
Methodology
RECOMMENDATIONS
Appendices
Complete Interview Information
Items Already Addressed:
• Apparatus replacement
• Training/Station 5 (inspected & sewer)
• Water supply Alameda Point/fire hydrants
• Fire station safety concerns
• Station 4 dormitory remodel completed
AFD Path Forward:
• Prioritize addressing Policy and Operational changes
o Ambulance revenue
o Upgrade Fire Prevention Bureau (FPB) software to address other FPB related findings (scheduling and database accuracy)
o Identify and implement training for fire loss calculations o Develop a response goal policy
o Revise policies and incorporate technology to review all incident data annually
o Research the feasibility of establishing a replacement fund for fixed- asset equipment
• Develop a plan to analyze further the findings that pertain to Capital & Long-Term Projects
o Replace Training Center and Station 5
o Re-Open Station 5
o Station 2 replacement or remodel
o EOC/Station 3 parking options
Questions?