Agenda packet — Angels Camp City Council, December 5, 2023 (part 1 of 2)

Mission Statement:

To provide municipal services, infrastructure, and a high quality of life through trusted leadership, accountablility, and efficiency for the benefit of our community
Vision Statement:

Dedicated to preserving our rich history and providing a safe and thriving community that is devoted to families, businesses, and visitors

CITY OF ANGELS

CITY COUNCIL AGENDA
December 5, 2023
THIS MEETING WILL BE HELD AT ANGELS FIRE HOUSE, 1404 VALLECITO ROAD AND WILL BE OPEN TO PUBLIC.

To view or participate in the meeting online, please use the following link:
oin on your computer, mobile app or room device
Click here to join the meeting
Meeting ID: 259 054 873 390
Passcode: NRF287
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+1 209-662-6903,,253817460# United States, Stockton
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CITY COUNCIL appreciates your interest and encourages your participation. Regularly scheduled meeting are held the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month. The Agenda is divided into two sections:

CONSENT AGENDA: These matters include routine financial and administration actions and are usually approved by a single majority vote.

REGULAR AGENDA: These items include significant financial and administration actions of special interest, hearings and work sessions.

The numerical order of the items on this agenda is for convenience of reference. Items may be taken out of order upon request of the Mayor or Council Members. All questions shall be directed to the Mayor who, at his/her discretion, will refer to Staff.

Mayor Jennifer Herndon
Vice Mayor Isabel Moncada Remote, Via Teams, Location: Scottsdale Plaza Resort, Cactus Room, 7200 N Scottsdale Rd Paradise Valley, AZ 85253
Council Members Alvin Broglio, Michael Chimente
Caroline Schirato Remote, Via Teams, Location: Homewood Suites, Riverwalk/Downtown, Lobby Level Board Room 432 W. Market St. San Antonio, TX 78205
City Administrator Rebecca Callen
City Attorney Doug White
Mission Statement:

To provide municipal services, infrastructure, and a high quality of life through trusted leadership, accountablility, and efficiency for the benefit of our community
Vision Statement:

Dedicated to preserving our rich history and providing a safe and thriving community that is devoted to families, businesses, and visitors 6:00 p.m. REGULAR MEETING

1. ROLL CALL

2. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

3. APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA AS POSTED (OR AMENDED)

4. PUBLIC COMMENT
The public may address the Council on any item of public interest not otherwise on the agenda that is within the jurisdiction of the city. No action may be taken. Matters to be addressed may be referred to City Staff or placed on a subsequent meeting Agenda. Speakers are limited to five minutes per person.

5. CONSENT AGENDA
A. Approve Draft Minutes of November 7, 2023, Rose Beristianos, City Clerk B. Approve Resolution No. 23-84, A Resolution of the City of Angels, City Council to Approve Banners and Decorations over State Route 49 in the City of Angels Historical District, Caytlyn Schaner, Administrative Services Specialist
C. Utica Water and Power Authority Letter of Support fpr BRIC Project Submission, Rose Beristianos, City Clerk

6. REGULAR AGENDA
A. Calaveras Vistitors Bureau (CVB) Presentation, Martin Huberty, Executive Director B. Habitat for Humanity Presentation, Lynn Ayers, Executive Director C. City of Angels DRAFT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (GHGRP), Amy Augustine, City Planner D. Utica Part Update, Amy Augustine, City Planner
E. Approve Resolution No. 23-86, Authorizing the Purchase of Assessor’s Parcels 060-018-003 and 060-018- 004 totaling 2.99± Acres Adjacent to 584 South Main Street (Former City Hall), Amy Augustine, City Planner
F. PUBLIC HEARING: Re-Introduce, Waive the Second Reading to Adopt Ordinance 536, Renaming Chapter

17.06 as General Provisions and Exceptions and Adding, Consolidating, Amending, or Updating, Provisions for Mobile Food Vendors, Garage Sales, Temporary Construction Trailers, Recreational Vehicles (Storage and Living), Special Events, Special Event Permits, Certificates of Occupancy, Storage Containers, Cottage Food Operations and Movie Sets; Amending and Updating Excessive Slopes, Temporary and Seasonal Sales Stands, Acceptable Farming and Ranching Practices, Construction in Flood plains, Occupancy Changes in Commercial Buildings in Commercial Zones, and Eliminating Standards for Auto Wrecking Yards, and Set December 5, 2023 for a Second Reading, Amy Augustine, City Planner I. Receive Staff Reporting
II. Open Public Hearing
III. Receive Public Comment
IV. Close Public Comment
Mission Statement:

To provide municipal services, infrastructure, and a high quality of life through trusted leadership, accountablility, and efficiency for the benefit of our community
Vision Statement:

Dedicated to preserving our rich history and providing a safe and thriving community that is devoted to families, businesses, and visitors G. PUBLIC HEARING: Re-Introduce, Waive the Second Reading to Adopt Ordinance 538, Adding a New Section 17.06.210 Addressing Vacant Buildings, and Set December 5, 2023 for a Second Reading, Amy Augusting, City Planner
I. Receiving Staff Reporting
II. Open Public Hearing
III. Receive Public Comment
IV. Close Public Comment
H. Discussion and Direction on Watersmart Application and Approve Resolution No. 23-87 Approving Application and Designating the City Administrator to Execute All Necessary Documents for the Grant, Rebecca Callen, City Administrator

8. ADMINISTRATION REPORT

9. COUNCIL REPORT

10. CALENDAR

11. FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS

12. ADJOURNMENT
In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, please contact the City Clerk at City Hall 209- 736-2181. Notification 48 hours prior to the meeting will enable the City to make reasonable arrangements to ensure accessibility to the meeting (28 CFR 35.102-

35.104 ADA Title II) Materials related to an item on this Agenda submitted to the City Council after distribution of the Agenda packet are available for public inspection at City Hall at 200 Monte Verda Street Ste. B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 during normal business hours. The Agenda is also available on line at www.angelscamp.gov.

DRAFT MINUTES CITY OF ANGELS

CITY COUNCIL
November 7, 2023
THIS MEETING WILL BE HELD AT ANGELS FIRE HOUSE, 1404 VALLECITO ROAD AND WILL BE OPEN TO PUBLIC.

In person public attendance will be available with limited seating. Seats are available on a first come, first served basis. Members of the public shall have the right to observe and offer public comment at the appropriate time. To view or participate in the meeting online, please use the following link:
oin on your computer, mobile app or room device
Click here to join the meeting
Meeting ID: 259 054 873 390
Passcode: NRF287
Download Teams | Join on the web
Or call in (audio only)
+1 209-662-6903,,253817460# United States, Stockton
Phone Conference ID: 253 817 460#
Find a local number | Reset PIN
Learn More | Meeting options
CITY COUNCIL appreciates your interest and encourages your participation. Regularly scheduled meeting are held the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month. The Agenda is divided into two sections:

CONSENT AGENDA: These matters include routine financial and administration actions and are usually approved by a single majority vote.

REGULAR AGENDA: These items include significant financial and administration actions of special interest, hearings and work sessions.

Mayor Jennifer Herndon (PRESENT)
Vice Mayor Isabel Moncada (PRESENT)
Council Members Alvin Broglio, Caroline Schirato, Michael Chimente (ALL PRESENT) City Administrator Rebecca Callen (PRESENT)
City Attorney Tom Remlinger (PRESENT)
5A
5:00 p.m. CLOSED SESSION

1. ROLL CALL

2. ADJOURN TO CLOSED SESSION
A. Conference with Real Property Negotiators / Lease Negotiators Property Location: 060-018-003, 004
Agency Negotiator: Rebecca Callen, City Administrator
B. Conference with Real Property Negotiators
Property Location: 060-010-045
Agency Negotiator: Rebecca Callen, City Administrator
6:00 p.m. REGULAR MEETING

1. ROLL CALL

2. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

3. REPORT OUT OF CLOSED SESSION
A. Conference with Real Property Negotiators / Lease Negotiators Property Location: 060-018-003, 004
Agency Negotiator: Rebecca Callen, City Administrator
B. Conference with Real Property Negotiators
Property Location: 060-010-045
Agency Negotiator: Rebecca Callen, City Administrator

DIRECTION GIVEN TO STAFF

4. APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA AS POSTED (OR AMENDED)
ACTION: MOTION TO APPROVE THE AGENDA BY COUNCIL MEMBER CHIMENTE, SECONDED BY COUNCIL MEMBER BROGLIO, PASSED 5 YES

5. PUBLIC COMMENT:

CHRIS BUTTNER READ A STATEMENT REGARDING HIS PUBLIC REGORDS REQUEST ON THE CALAVERAS

VISITORS BUREAU

SUSAN RUDOLPH SPOKE ABOUT THE HOMELESS ON DEMEREST ROAD

D WAGNER STOOD UP AND THANKED THE CITY FOR HANDLING THE HOMELESS ON DEMEREST

6. CONSENT AGENDA
A. Approve Draft Minutes of October 17, 2023, Rose Beristianos, City Clerk B. Approve Resolution No. 23-84, A Resolution of the City of Angels, City Council to Approve Banners and Decorations over State Route 49 in the City of Angels Historical District, Caytlyn Schaner, ACTION: ITEM B PULLED FOR THE NEXT MEETING, MOTION TO APPROVE ITEM A WITH CORRECTION BY COUNCIL MEMBER BROGLIO, SECONDED BY VICE MAYOR MONCADA, PASSED 5 YES

7. REGULAR AGENDA
A. Utica Park Presentation by Girl Scout Troop 1897 – PRESENTATION GIVEN B. Utica Park Update, Amy Augustine, City Planner

UPDATE GIVEN, COUNCIL MEMBER CHIMENTE MENTIONED TO SEND OUT THE NEWSLETTER AND TO

MAKE THE GEO CON DRAFT MADE PUBLIC
C. PUBLIC HEARING: Introduce, Waive the Frist Reading, Hold a Public Hearing to Consider Adopting Ordinance 536, Renaming Chapter 17.06 as General Provisions and Exceptions and Adding, Consolidating, Amending, or Updating, Provisions for Mobile Food Vendors, Garage Sales, Temporary Construction Trailers, Recreational Vehicles (Storage and Living), Special Events, Special Event Permits, Certificates of Occupancy, Storage Containers, Cottage Food Operations and Movie Sets; Amending and Updating Excessive Slopes, Temporary and Seasonal Sales Stands, Acceptable Farming and Ranching Practices, Construction in Flood plains, Occupancy Changes in Commercial Buildings in Commercial Zones, and Eliminating Standards for Auto Wrecking Yards, and Set December 5, 2023 for a Second Reading, Amy Augustine, City Planner
I. Receive Staff Reporting - GIVEN
II. Open Public Hearing - OPENED
III. Receive Public Comment - NONE
IV. Close Public Comment – CLOSED
ACTION: MOTION TO CONTINUE TO DECEMBER 5, 2023 MEETING BY COUNCIL MEMBER SCHIRATO, SECONDED BY COUNCIL MEMBER BROGLIO, PASSED 5 YES
D. PUBLIC HEARING: Introduce, Waive the First Reading Hold a Public Hearing to Consider Adopting Introduce Ordinance 538, Adding a New Section 17.06.210 Addressing Vacant Buildings, and Set December 5, 2023 for a Second Reading, Amy Augusting, City Planner I. Receiving Staff Reporting- GIVEN
II. Open Public Hearing – OPENED
III. Receive Public Comment

JESSE GIBBS SPOKE ABOUT PROPERTY RIGHTS AND HOW IT IS IMPORTANT, SOME

BUSINESSES STILL WILL NOT COMPLY, GREAT THAT THERE ARE FEE WAIVERS, BUT

TO ALSO INCLUDE A TIME FRAME

ROLAND WHEELER, A BUILDING OWNDER DOWNTOWN, SPOKE ABOUT THE

VISIBILITY AND THE VACANT BUILDINGS, MENTIONED BIRDS WAY AND THE SINK HOLES

GRETEL TISCORNIA SPOKE ABOUT STREET CLEANING AND HOW IT HAS NOT BEEN

DONE AND IT USED TO BE
IV. Close Public Comment- CLOSED
ACTION: MOTION TO CONTINUE TO DECEMBER 5, 2023 MEETING BY COUNCIL MEMBER SCHIRATO, SECONDED BY COUNCIL MEMER BROGLIO, PASSED 5 YES
E. Discussion and Direction on the Bench Project Guidelines and Outreach, Direction on Downtown Garbage Receptacles and an Update on Holiday Decorations for Downtown, Rebecca Callen, City Administrator

COUNCIL DISCUSSION
PUBLIC COMMENT: JESSE GIBBS DISCUSSED THE ITEMS THAT A.C.B.A HAS IF THEY COULD WORK ON THE CURRENT POLES.

ROLAND WHEELER ASKED IF THERE WAS A PICTURE OF THE BENCHES, ASKED ABOUT WHERE

HISTORICAL AREA STARTS AND ENDS MENTIONED LIGHTING FOR PICTURE POST CARDS AND ASKED

ABOUT CITY MAINTENANCE
GRETEL TISCORNIA MENTIONED THE BENCHES AND IT’S A GREAT IDEA AND GARBAGE CANS SHOULD

BE TO WHERE IT HAS A SMALLER HOLE

COUNCIL DISCUSSION WITH DIRECTION
F. Adopt Resolution No. 23-85, Approving a Mutual Assistance Agreement Between the City of Angels and the Union Public Utility District, Rebecca Callen, City Administrator ACTION: MOTION TO APPROVE RESOLUTION NO. 23-85 BY COUNCIL MEMBER BROGLIO, SECONDED BY MAYOR HERNDON, PASSED 5 YES.

G. Discussion and Direction of the Establishment of Subcommittees and Ad Hoc Committees, Rebecca Callen, City Administrator

DISCUSSION WITH COUNCIL, DIRECTION TO BRING BACK AT A LATER DATE H. Review Commissions and Appoint of City Represention on each of the Various Commissions, Rose Beristianos City Clerk
ACTION: MOTION TO APPOINT COUNCIL MEMBER CHIMENTE TO CPPA AS REPRESENTATIVE AND

SCHIRATO AS THE ALTERNATE, CHIMENTE AS REPRESENTATIVE ON THE ALL HAZARDS, KEEP ALTERNATES THE SAME BY MAYOR HERNDON, SECONDED BY VICE MAYOR MONCADA, PASSED 5 YES

8. ADMINISTRATION REPORT - REBECCA CALLEN REPORTED OUT

9. COUNCIL REPORT – ALL REPORTED OUT

10. CALENDAR – CLERK READ THE CALENDAR

11. FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS

12. ADJOURNMENT
ACTION: MOTION TO ADJOURN THE MEETING AT 9:09PM BY COUNCIL MEMBER BROGLIO, SECONDED BY COUNCIL MEMBER SCHIRATO, PASSED 5 YES
______________________________
__________________________ Jennifer Herndon, Mayor
Rose Beristianos, City Clerk

CITY HALL
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-2181 Home of the Jumping Frog - Angelscamp.gov
DATE: December 5, 2023
TO: City Council
FROM: Caytlyn Schaner, Administrative Services Specialist RE: RESOLUTION 23-84 BANNERS AND DECORATIONS OVER STATE ROUTE 49 IN THE CITY

OF ANGELS HISTORICAL DISTRICT
RECOMMENDATION:

Approve Resolution 23-84
STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT:

Conservation & Open Space: Maintain and, where feasible, enhance the city’s appearance Economic Development: Promote a wide variety of economic opportunities consistent with the city's social, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources BACKGROUND:

Approximately 18 banners are hung over SR 49 for various community and non-profit events, holidays, decorations (i.e., light strands), and other events. Attachment A summarizes the events, banners, and decorations anticipated for 2024. Approximately 12 light pole banners also will be installed approximately monthly. Changes to this list could occur throughout the year. Dates are approximate.

An annual encroachment permit application is required by Caltrans to hang these banners, light pole banners, and decorations. Caltrans requires a resolution from the local agency approving all banners, light pole banners, and decorations. Unless a fee waiver is obtained, applicants pay for installing and removing these banners. Gold Electric is currently under contract with the City to hang and remove banners and decorations. City staff can install the light pole banners from the sidewalks without special equipment.

FINANCIAL IMPACT:

Unless a fee waiver is granted by the City Council for installing/removing banners over SR 49, costs are covered by the existing City Fee of $550.00 through July 1, 2024, when the fee will be adjusted in accordance with the California Construction Cost Index. No cost has yet been established for installing/removing light pole banners.

ATTACHMENTS:

Resolution 23-84
Attachment A to Resolution 23-84– List of Proposed Banners/Decorations/Dates 5B

CITY OF ANGELS

CITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION No. 23-84

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF ANGELS CITY COUNCIL TO APPROVE BANNERS AND DECORATIONS OVER STATE ROUTE 49 IN THE CITY OF ANGELS HISTORICAL DISTRICT WHEREAS,; the City of Angels hangs approximately eighteen banners and decorations over State Route 49 for various community and non-profit events, holidays, and other events (See Attached Exhibit “A”) and will be installing 12 light pole banners approximately monthly, and WHEREAS,; putting up and taking down banners will temporarily impede and restrict the free passage of traffic on State Route 49 in preparation of various events; and WHEREAS,; the banners will comply with Caltrans’ Encroachment permit standards; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City of Angels City Council does hereby approves banners, light pole banners, and decorations, consents to the proposed restriction of State Route 49 upon the terms and conditions deemed appropriate and necessary by the State of California, Department of Transportation and recommends that agency approve said restrictions.

PASSED AND ADOPTED this 5th day December of 2023, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:
__________________________
Jennifer Herndon Mayor
_______________________
Rose Beristianos, City Clerk

HOME OF THE JUMPING FROG
Encroachment Permits for Banners
2024
Dates Banner Event Who is
Event Displayed Placement Date Text Hanging Organization Contact A. Calaveras Volunteers
1/23/24-
2/10/24 Line A - Hardscrabble (Front of Banner) 2/14/24 FRONT:Special People
Volunteer calaveras
volunteer.com City
Calaveras
Volunteers Marti Crane [email protected]
Same as above (Back of Banner) Line A - Hardscrabble (Rear of Banner) "" BACK: Volunteer…Add
something Special to Your Life
Calaverasvolunteer.com City "" ""
B. Whiskerino Dinner and Dance
4/18/24 -
5/2/24 Line A - Hardscrabble 4/30/2024
Whiskerino Dinner Dance,
April 30, 2024 City Friends of the Fair
Laurie Giannini, PO Box 489 Angels
Camp, CA 95222 209-736-
2561
C. Calaveras County Jumping Frog
Jubilee
5/9/24 -
5/23/24 Line A - Hardscrabble
5/19/24 -
5/22/24
Calaveras County Fair and
Jumping Frog Jubilee, 3rd
Weekend in May City
Calaveras County
Fair and Jumping
Frog Jubilee
Laurie Giannini, PO Box 489 Angels
Camp, CA 95222 209-736-
2561
D. Miners Clothes Lines X2
5/9/24 -
5/23/24 Lines B and C - Mid Downtown 2 lines
5/19/24 -
5/22/24 No Text City City of Angels
Laurie Giannini, PO Box 489 Angels
Camp, CA 95222 209-736-
2561
E. Angels Camp Salutes Our Veterans
(Memorial Day) #1
5/23/24 -
6/6/24 Line A - Hardscrabble 5/30/2024
Angels Camp Salutes our
Veterans City City of Angels
City of Angels, PO Box 667, Angels
Camp, CA 95223
F. Bear Valley Music Festival
7/3/24 -
8/7/24 Line A - Hardscrabble
7/22/22 -
8/7/22
Bear Valley Music Festival July
22 - August 7
www.bearvalleymusic.org City
Bear Valley Music
Festival
Ellen Hoffman, PO Box 5068, Bear
Valley, CA 95223
209-813-0554
G. Medicare Open Enrollment
8/8/24-
8/22/24 Line A - Hardscrabble Medicare Open Enrollment City Area 12 Agency on
Aging
Joycie Preston, 19074 Standard Rd
Ste A Sonora CA 95370 209-
532-6272
H. Walk for Hope
8/22/24 -
9/22/24 Line A - Hardscrabble 9/24/2024
Walk for Hope Calaveras
Big Trees September 24,
2024 209-736-6792
www.sierrahope.org City Sierra Hope
Nancy Tiffany, PO Box 159, Angels
Camp, CA 95222
209-736-6792
I. Homecoming Jerseylines x 2
10/5/24 -
10/16/24 Line A - Hardscrabble, Lines B & C mid-town lines 10/13/2024 Bret Harte Union HS City Bret Harte Union HS Tyra Dragomanovich
Bret Harte High School
J. Angels Camp Salutes Our Veterans
(Veteran's Day) #2
10/31/24 -
11/14/24 Line A - Hardscrabble 11/11/2024
Angels Camp Salutes our
Veterans City City of Angels
City of Angels, PO Box 667, Angels
Camp, CA 95222
K. Christmas Decorations #1, #2, #3
11/21/24 -
1/9/25 Line A - Hardscrabble, Lines B & C mid-town lines 12/25/2024 Lighted Christmas Garland City City of Angels City of Angels, PO Box 667, Angels
Camp, CA 95222
Banner fee for Fiscal Year 23-24 is $550.00
2024 American Flag Calendar
Event Flag Dates
President's Day
2/14/24 -
2/21/24
Frog Jump Jubilee/Memorial Day 5/13/2024 UP
Flag Day
6/17/24
DOWN
4th of July
6/28/24 -
7/8/24
Labor Day - Patriots Day/September 11th
8/26/24 -
9/13/24
Veteran's Day
11/4/24 -
11/15/24

CITY HALL
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-2181 Home of the Jumping Frog - Angelscamp.gov
DATE: December 5, 2023
TO: City Council
FROM: Rose Beristianos, City Clerk
RE: UWPA SUPPORT LETTER FOR BRIC PROJECT SUBMISSION
RECOMMENDATION:

City Council to approve the attached letter of support for the Utica Community Water Supply Resiliency Project.

STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT:

Conservation & Open Space: Ensure adequate water quality and quantity for the residents of and visitors to the city.

Public Safety: Facilitate the provision of an adequate supply of water, and essential utilities and communications for city residents during emergency situations.

BACKGROUND:

Joel Metzger, UWPA GM contacted the City on Monday November 27, 2023, to sign a letter of support in his pursuit to apply for the BRIC Grant (Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities) DISCUSSION:

Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) supports states, local communities, tribes and territories as they undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the risks they face from disasters and natural hazards.

The program’s guiding principles are supporting communities through capability- and capacity-building; encouraging and enabling innovation; promoting partnerships; enabling large infrastructure projects; maintaining flexibility; and providing consistency.

UWPA has developed a 10% design to construct a “Lower Tunnel Tap” on the Collierville Tunnel, owned and operated by the Calaveras County Water District (CCWD). This would bypass the upper six miles of the lower Utica Canal which is 13 miles between Hunter Reservoir and the Murphys Forebay that consists of 16 wooden flume boxes that are highly vulnerable to destruction by wildfire. In addition, UWPA has a feasibility study technical memorandum from an engineering consultant and cost estimates. 5C

CITY HALL
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-2181 Home of the Jumping Frog - Angelscamp.gov
UWPA has submitted a preliminary concept sub-application through CalOES and after an initial review was selected a a good candidate for the program. UWPA is now working on a full sub-application in hopes that it would be selected by FEMA.

FINANCIAL IMPACT:

The engineer’s estimate is $10,810,625. BRIC would pay 75% or $8,107,968. UWPA would apply for Prepare California which, if successful would pay the remaining 25% or 2,702,656.

ATTACHMENTS:

Letter of Support
Notice of Interest PA-00002432

CITY HALL
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-2181 Home of the Jumping Frog • Angelscamp.gov
December 5th, 2023
California State Hazard Mitigation Officer
California Governor's Office of Emergency Services
3650 Schriever Avenue
Mather, California 95655
Dear State Hazard Mitigation Officer,
My name is Jennifer Davis-Herndon, and I am the mayor of the City of Angels Camp (COA). I am writing on behalf of COA to express strong support for Utica Water and Power Authority’s (Utica) Utica Community Water Supply Resiliency Project (Project) grant application submitted to the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) for review.

COA is a direct partner with Utica, as we are both part of a Joint Powers Authority (JPA), along with the Union Public Utility District. As the mayor of COA, I am keenly aware of the critical service Utica’s water conveyance system provides to our customers and community at large. Utica’s system is the sole public water supply for our City, including thousands of residential and businesses customers, and irrigation for a large golf course. Additionally, without Utica’s water supply, the Angels Fire Department would lose access to water from hydrants to protect our community from fires, and Cal Fire’s helicopters would lose access to nearby ponds filled with water from Utica’s system.

COA lost its water supply from Utica in September 2001, when the Darby Fire burned a large portion of the water supply system. The 14,280-acre fire destroyed seven of Utica’s wooden flumes. The destruction of these flumes cut off the sole water supply to COA, and a total of nearly 10,000 community residents. In the 10 months it took to rebuild the flume, COA had to get by with an extremely minimal temporary water supply. As one of Utica’s JPA members, COA was also financially burdened by its share of the more than $4 million it cost Utica to rebuild the water system in 2002.

COA supports taking proactive action to prevent another disaster before it occurs, and we strongly support this concept and Utica’s effort to explore grant funding for protection of our conveyance system.

Sincerely,
Jennifer Herndon
Mayor – City of Angels

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Cal OES - Hazard Mitigation Assistance
PA-00002432
Information
Pre-App Number PA-00002432 Owner Joel Metzger
First Name of Person
Completing NOI
Joel Last Name of Person
Completing NOI
Metzger
Subapplicant Name
(Entity)
Utica Water and Power Authority Special District
Requestor Joel Metzger MCGMQH7C3YU7
009-91007
Subapplicant a small
community?
Yes
NOI Status
Application Status Draft Sub-Applicant Eligible
Status Reason Activity Eligible
NOI Information
Project Utility and Infrastructure Protection
Hazard Fire HMA Program BRIC
Address Information
Street Address 1168 Booster Way Calaveras
City Angels Camp Region Inland
State CA Zip Code 95222
Project/Plan Information
Prepare California - Utica Community
Water Supply Resiliency Project
This wildfire mitigation project will
construct a tunnel that will allow Utica to
bypass six miles of open canal and 16
wooden flumes built on steep canyon
walls that are highly vulnerable to
destruction by wildfire. This water
conveyance system is the sole public
water supply for nearly 10,000 people in
Murphys, Douglas Flat, Vallecito, and
Angels Camp. This project will ensure
water service is uninterrupted to the
community, even if all 16 flumes on the
upper portion of the water supply system
are destroyed by wildfire.
38°5'39''N 120°13'48''W 36
Previous Subapplication Information
No Previously Submitted
Subapplicant Type
UEI
EIN (For Private NonProfits)FIPS
Subapplication Type Project Type
County
Project / Plan Title Brief Summary
Activity Location Project Duration (in
Months)
Subapplication
under this Program:

Potential for Duplication of Programs
No If yes, identify the
Federal Entity
Work Started/Authority
No Description of work
started/completed
Yes Entity Responsible
For Operation
Feasibility
Yes Mitigation is
dependent on
Yes If yes, what is
available?
A feasibility study technical
memorandum from an engineering
consultant and cost estimates.

Design documents for
this project?
Yes If yes, what is
available?
10% preliminary design and drawings
No Is there increased
level of protection?
Yes Explain why project
not in conformance
No Project located in
NFIP
Problem Statement
Utica Water and Power Authority’s (Utica) water system is the sole public source of water supply for a total of nearly 10,000 people (in several small, impoverished communities) in Calaveras County, CA. These communities are located in the Union Public Utility District (UPUD) and City of Angels Camp (COA) service areas, and this water supply is critically important, not only for sustaining basic life, but also for promoting economic development in the local communities. The residents of these rural, small, impoverished communities are served by an antiquated water delivery system that was originally built 170 years ago in the 1850s by gold miners. This system is constructed on the steep, brushy, south-facing wall of the North Fork Stanislaus River Canyon and consists of 18 wooden flumes, and about 12 miles of earthen canals partially lined with concrete, and two reservoirs. The 18 flumes are highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by wildfires. In fact, six of the 18 wooden flumes were destroyed by a wildfire in 2001 called the Darby Fire, and they have been threatened by numerous fires in the area over the years, including the 2015 Butte Fire.

Wooden flumes continue to be destroyed by wildfire, including three flumes in the El Dorado Irrigation District's (EID) system, which were destroyed by the Caldor Fire in 2021 – the cost to rebuild 725 feet of EID’s flumes was more than $17 million. As the climate changes and the risk of natural disasters increases – especially the risk of wildfires – it has become abundantly clear that Utica's water conveyance system has inadequate resiliency, and the risk of system failure is unacceptably high and increasing. Proactive action must be taken to protect the sole public water supply for the nearly 10,000 people who rely on Utica's system.
 We encourage the NOI review team to watch this video, which provides an overview of Utica's system and shows the portions that were destroyed in the 2001 Darby Fire: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=I7Avu8CV_JY
 We also encourage the review team to visit this website to see an overview of the Darby Fire damage and costs: https://www.uticawater.com/darby-fire/
Solution Description
previously submitted?
Project number of
previous submission
Another Federal entity
has authority?
Physical project work
already started?
Subapplicant is
responsible for asset?
Independent
mitigation activity?
Planning studies or
feasibility reports?
Is activity repair or
maintenance?
Project in
conformance with
latest codes
Project in a Special
Flood Hazard Area?
National Flood
Insurance Program
(NFIP)
Structures included in
subapplication
Describe the problem
to be mitigated
This project will construct a 630-foot bypass tunnel that would intersect with an existing water tunnel near Utica’s water supply system. The new tunnel will allow Utica to bypass water around the upper 6 miles of the Lower Utica Canal and continue providing water to nearly 10,000 people, even if a wildfire destroys some or all of the 16 wooden flumes on the system.

To view high-level project maps, go to: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1cePcZywe6F7lhziNQ5XOmjZ7u-GFyqM?usp=sharing Once this project is constructed, the new tunnel will allow Utica to bypass water around 6 miles of canals (31,680 feet) and 16 wooden flumes (5,000 feet) that are highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by wildfire. This project would effectively mitigate the risk of natural disasters on the section of Utica’s water supply system that is at the highest risk of destruction by wildfire, per Utica's Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Unlike wooden flumes, tunnels are highly effective at resisting damage from wildfires and other natural disasters. Buried metal water pipelines are also highly resistant to wildfire. The system is clearly at high risk from wildfire, due to the destruction of six flumes by the Darby Fire in 2001. The entire area is in a "Very High Fire Severity" zone on CAL FIRE’s fire severity maps, and Utica’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies wildfire as the number 1 hazard, with these wooden flumes identified as being at the highest risk. (https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/luzbxwnq/fhsz_county_sra_11x17_2022_calaveras_2.pdf) Utica will plan, design, permit, and construct the Utica Community Water Supply Resiliency Project. A 10% preliminary design for the project is complete and includes a plan for the construction of ±630 lineal feet (LF) tunnel that will be 12 feet wide by 12 feet high between the existing Collierville Tunnel Surge Shaft and the Lower Utica Canal, at about 3,230 feet elevation. The wall of the surge shaft tunnel will be tapped and plumbed to a valve manifold, then continuing into a 36-inch steel pipeline. The pipeline will be supported above ground, inside the new 12-foot-diameter tunnel, and buried where it exits the tunnel until it intersects the Lower Utica Canal. This project includes the following considerations: 1) Construction of the tunnel will be a significant portion of the project cost, so optimizing the tunnel length is a key consideration. 2) Tapping into the tunnel will occur at an elevation that should allow the water level in the existing Collierville Tunnel Surge Shaft to be lowered below the tapping location, or at least to a level of minimal head pressure, 20 to 50 feet during construction. 3) The lower or non-existent head pressure when tapping eliminates the need for a high-pressure blow-out preventer and other support equipment. It also allows for the option of drilling fewer large tap holes instead of several smaller tap holes. A cost-benefit-risk analysis of larger vs. smaller tap holes should be included in the 30% design effort. The conveyance pipeline included in the 10% schematic design is 36-inch diameter. This pipe size allows Utica to convey its full water rights allocation, which is the same amount of water that normally passes through the upper 6 miles of the Lower Utica Canal System. Full water flow through the new tunnel is critical to ensuring Utica can meet the needs of residential, agricultural, commercial, fire flows for hydrants, and hydroelectric generation, in the event a wildfire destroys Utica’s water conveyance system.

Phase Determination
Is (are all) Project
Site(s) identified?
Yes What is the
percentage level of
design?
10%
Is this project
phased?
Yes
Benefit Cost Analysis
Yes If yes, what is
available?
Utica has extensive records from the
2001 Darby Fire that destroyed 6 of the
18 wooden flumes on the Lower Utica
Canal and cut off the sole water supply
to nearly 10,000 people. These
documents include records of the
infrastructure destroyed by the Darby
Fire, a series of alternatives for a
temporary water supply for the
community, construction timeline for
rebuilding the wooden flumes and
making canal repairs, insurance
coverage, Cal OES/FEMA payments,
costs assumed by the Utica, photos and
videos.

Yes If yes, what is
available?
The Darby Fire in 2001 destroyed six of
Utica's wooden flumes - all of which
would be bypassed by this project.

Utica's Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
(approved by FEMA in 2021) lists wildfire
What is the mitigation
action?
Protection From
Future Natural
Hazards
Implementation Plan
For Mitigation
Do you have
documented past
damage/loss?
Do you have data on
the extent of risk?
as the number one natural hazard. The
16 wooden flumes this project protects
are identified as critical infrastructure
being at highest risk. CAL FIRE's maps
show the entire area this project
bypasses as being a "Very High Fire
Severity Zone". There is a pattern of
wildfires burning in and around the
footprint of Utica's water supply system,
and with climate change, the risk of
catastrophic wildfire is increasing.

Activity Cost
$10,810,625.00 $2,702,656.25
$8,107,968.75 Percentage of
Subapplicant Match

25.0%
Percentage of Federal
Request Share

75.0% Prepare California grant program.

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Information
Yes 6/2/2021
Adopted Yes
Created By Joel Metzger, 7/31/2023, 3:21 PM Last Modified By Joel Metzger, 8/17/2023, 12:05 PM Contact Roles
CR-00009801
Contact Joel Metzger
Role Primary Contact
Type Primary
CR-00009802
Contact Stacie Walker
Role Responsible Representative
Type Alternate
Total Activity Cost Non-Federal Cost
Share
Federal Request
Share
Source of
subapplicant match
Does your entity have
an active LHMP?
LHMP Approval Date
LHMP Development
Status
Activity in Mitigation
Plan
To Our City Council and Administration,
The Visitors Bureau would like to update you since our last presentation in May.

In that presentation we gave you the visitor figure for 2021 that comes from Visit California and the accountancy firm of Dean Runyan and Associates - Visitors brought in $216 million dollars to Calaveras County in 2021 ($25 million behind Tuolumne). Just after our presentation the 2022 numbers were released and Calaveras County brought in $246 million in tourism dollars (just $5 million behind Tuolumne). KCRA Channel 3 in Sacramento reached out to interview us and ask why we were doing better post pandemic than our sister counties.

Tourism is the largest industry in our County, and we take our jobs very seriously. We are the sole entity that markets our County and City of Angels locally, nationally and internationally.

We enjoy the foothold that we have at the Angels Camp Museum and see our partnership grow from strength to strength year to year. We are currently working on three new exhibits.

This past Summer’s Farmer’s Markets were incredibly successful at the museum and there are ideas circulating to make next year even better.

We are also super excited about the new MACT Museum. It will be a real boon for the City to have two fantastic museums as attractions for locals as well as visitors. I’ve asked Kristopher Mandell to deal directly with City Administration regarding whether the City would like to donate it’s MiWuk artifacts to the new Museum. The Old Timer’s Museum will be donating their extensive collection which is currently housed with us. Incidentally, all of the OTM artifacts from Murphys will become part of the Angels Camp Museum permanent collection at the end of this month.

As a reminder CVB employees take on their work at the museum as volunteers. All admissions and membership dollars we receive go back into the museum in either upkeep, new exhibits, and mostly for additional museum employees.

Marketing
The CVB spends 63% of our allotted TOT budget on direct marketing. 25% on payroll and 2% in overhead.

The main CVB welcome center is located as you well know in Angels Camp and is open seven days a week from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm. There are just over 300 hotel rooms in the entire county and two hundred of those are right down the street. Our visitors from Worldmark usually make the CVB their first point of call. The Murphy’s welcome center 6A
is open five days a week from 10 am to 4 pm. There are currently 6 part-time and two full-time employees that staff these two locations. The CVB has personally greeted 12,624 people face to face so far this year, which is just about 2,000 more than last year’s total and we still have over a month to go.

We neglected to include our blogs in our last presentation. Blogs go out on our website multiple times a month. We push them out via social media and they sometimes get reworked into press releases. They are very popular and a great marketing tool. In 2022 District 1 was included in 14 blogs – District 2 was included in 15 – District 3, 20 mentions and District 4 had 16. Mainly focused on Angels Camp shopping & museum .

Since our last presentation we had to order 10,000 more copies of the Visitor’s Guide, so we will have handed out 60,000 copies via visitor centers, local hotels, international airports, and other key areas in Northern California. On average 80,000 copies are downloaded from the website annually. The costs of the Visitor’s Guide is paid for solely by the participants.

CVB contracted with Placer Ai this year to collect data of how many people come into the county, where they visit, how long they stayed, and where they come from. This tool allows the CVB to spend marketing dollars efficiently by targeting individual markets and zip codes. The CVB has also provided the City with a log in to use this tool which has already proven to be extremely beneficial for ideas of economic development.

The CVB works with Hook, Line & Thinker which is a digital marketing group. To date Hook, Line & Thinker has delivered 32 stories in various high-level publications nationwide. Most recently Calaveras County was featured on Google News with Randy Yagi’s Trending Travel article. Google news reaches 280 million readers worldwide. The CVB followed up our ad in the United Kingdom’s National Geographic Traveler with an ad in the London Evening Standard. According to Visit California’s rep in England 200,000 airline seats were added this year from Heathrow to San Francisco. The UK has historically been our largest international market and we are starting to see that rebound post pandemic.

The CVB in partnership with Hook, Line & Thinker has held different campaigns and contests which has garnered a large amount of useable content, visitor interaction, and a popular calendar.

Over the course of the last several years the CVB has developed relationships with travel writers and influencers. These writers come vetted through both Visit California and public relations at the Gold Country Visitor’s Association. Through 4 travel writers and influencers we were able to reach over 600,000 Instagram users alone.

The CVB sponsors and participates in County Events. Since our last presentation the CVB has financially sponsored and manned a booth at The Ragin Cajun Festival in San Andreas. Lumberjack Day in West Point, Grape Stomp in Murphys. Irish Days, Hermitfest, Dia de los Muertos. We have participated in The Lumberjack Jamboree in Arnold, the Dogwood Festival, Several 4th of July events. We also had a booth at The Vow’s bridal fair this past month. We were the dancing polar bears in the Angels, Murphys and Valley Springs Christmas parades. This month we will release our 2nd Annual Calaveras Calendar and the 2024 Calaveras Dreaming Visitors Guide.

The CVB has just had our strategic planning session and will complete the 2024 goal oriented document for our December board meeting. We endeavor to align our goals with the County’s strategic plan.

The Chamber leadership team chose to work with the CVB and are in the midst of creating an outstanding online scavenger hunt. This game will include all of the museums in the county of which we count seven.

Since January 2023 through this past Summer Season we have seen an average of 24% increase on last year’s visitation numbers along the Highway 4 corridor. Our largest market is San Francisco, Oakland & Berkeley followed by Sacramento, Roseville & Folsom and third would be San Jose, Sunnyvale & Santa Clara. It will be interesting to see how this trend-up pans out with our 2023 TOT numbers.

We see the CVB going from strength to strength and thank you for your time and support. And as a reminder the CVB looks to support local events both financially as well as help create strategic marketing support. Our unique events are what will continue to bring visitors to our area. Please contact us with any ideas or help needed.

Lastly I’d like to personally thank CAO Rebecca Callen for her guidance and advice at the CVB board meetings and Council Member Caroline Schirato for her help with the museum.

Best regards,
Martin
2023 MARKETING ACCOMPLISHMENTS
2023 BLOGS

WHERE ARE OUR VISITORS FROM
San Franscisco
Oakland
Berkeley
Sacramento
Roseville
Folsom
San Jose
Sunnyvale
Santa Clara

CALAVERAS VISITORS BUREAU
Calaveras County brought in $246
million tourism dollars in 2022.

Calaveras County Event Sponorships and
Participation.

CVB has personally greeted 12,624
people face to face this year so far, and
increase of 2,000 from the previous year.

The Calaveras Visitors Bureau Board
participated in a Strategic Planning Session.

Partnership with the Calaveras County
Leadership team to create an online
scavenger hunt.

Handed out 60,000 Visitor’s Guides
80,000 Digital Copies of Visitor’s Guide have
been Downloaded.
32 stories in various high-level publications
nationwide.

Travel writer piece done in April, on visiting
the charming business of Mokelumne Hill
was released in October in Sacramento
Magazine.

Let’s Move More this
New Year - Calaveras
Style
Go Now: 7 Reasons to Visit Valley
Springs
Go Now: 7 Reasons to Visit
Angels Camp
Bike Calaveras - Cycling Events in
Calaveras County
Calaveras Big Trees - A New
Perspective
Go Now: 7 Reasons to Visit
Murphys
Wildflowers in Calaveras
Beer Lover’s Guide to Calaveras
County
Go Now: 7 Reasons to Visit
Mountain Ranch, San
Andreas, & West Point
Calaveras County. It’s
(perfect) for the birds
Dogs Play in Calaveras
Calaveras Farmers and Locally
Sourced Markets
Calaveras Concert Season
Where to Cool Off in
Calaveras
Independence Day,
Fireworks, and More 4th of
July Fun
Calaveras Fishing That Can’t
Be Beat
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
www.gocalaveras.com More Information : [email protected] (209)736-0049 Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Family Vacation Under
the Stars: Camping in
Calaveras
Swimming Holes and
Hidden Lakes
Calaveras Museums
Go Now: 7 Reasons to Visit
Mokelumne Hill
World - class Golf Hidden in the
Sierra Foothills
Where to Find Fall Colors in
Calaveras
Calaveras’ Unique October Events
Haunted Calaveras
Mountain Bike Trails in
Calaveras County and
Ebbets Pass Corridor
Spooktacular Halloween
Events in Calaveras
Calaveras Holiday Shopping
Guide
Veteran’s Day in Calaveras
Holiday Events and Meals in
Calaveras
Ring in the New Year
Things to Do During
Christmas Vacation In
Calaveras
Skiing, Sledding, and Snow
Play
24% Increase on last year’s visitation
numbers.

The CVB contracted with Placer Ai this year to collect data of how many people come into the county, where they visit, how long they stay, and where they come from. This tool allows the CVB to spend marketing dollars efficiently by targeting individual markets and zip codes.

CITY HALL
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-2181 Home of the Jumping Frog - Angelscamp.gov
DATE: December 5, 2023
TO: City Council
FROM: Lynne Ayers, Executive Director
RE: HABITAT FOR HUMANITY PRESENTATION

ITEM WILL BE DISCUSSED AT THE MEETING CURRENTLY NO REFERENCE MATERIALS 6B

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 City of Angels DRAFT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan - 1
DATE: December 5, 2023
TO: City of Angels City Council
FROM: Amy Augustine, AICP – City Planner
RE: City of Angels DRAFT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (GHGRP)

RECOMMENDATION
Receive an overview presentation on the draft plan from the Sierra Business Council and its associated consultants, ask questions, and release the draft plan for a 30-day public comment period.

STRATEGIC PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
The Draft GHGRP is consistent with the following City of Angels Strategic Plan Implementation programs:

A3 Conservation and Open Space. Protect the health and safety of people and property in the city from natural and man-made hazards. One of the primary goals of GHGRPs nationwide is to reduce (or arrest) the effects of climate change including severe weather events and wildfires.

A5 Economic Development. Promote a wide variety of economic opportunities consistent with the city’s social, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources. As identified in the plan, the city is in a unique position to create a tourism economy through plan implementation. In addition, as noted below, many state and federal funding sources for trails, parks, transportation improvements, and wildfire prevention programs important to the city are tied to addressing climate change. Similarly, state environmental law requires all new development to comply with state standards for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The proposed GHGRP represents a “certified” plan consistent with state regulations minimizing costs and delays of preparing individual GHGRPs for developers undertaking new discretionary development in the city.

A8 Public Safety. Prepare city staff, agencies, and citizens to respond in a coordinated and cooperative manner to emergency situations. The city has applied for a community resilience center grant to expand city hall and establish facilities to help prepare staff, agencies, and the community to respond to emergencies.

The primary goal of the fund and center is to enhance the community’s ability to respond to the effects of emergencies related to climate change.

C1 Conservation and Open Space. Promote the efficient use of energy resources. As illustrated in Chapter 5 and summarized in Table 22 of the Draft GHGRP, one of the primary tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is promoting the efficient use of energy resources. The Draft GHGRP identifies more than 10 programs promoting the efficient use of energy resources.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The GHGRP represents estimates of anticipated greenhouse gas emissions and generally accepted programs for reducing those emissions to levels mandated by the State of California. Most implementation programs identified are “standard” statewide; however, there are a few programs identified unique to the city’s rural 6C

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 City of Angels DRAFT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan - 2
character (See Chapter 5, measures TR-6 and TR-7). While alternative total emission estimates are possible, the Draft plan follows currently accepted guidelines for preparing emission inventories based on information provided by city departments to the consultant. Like the City’s Housing Element and General Plan, the GHGRP is subject to change over time and represents a starting point. Staff recommends that this review focus on the GHGRP “bottom line” greenhouse gas reduction measures detailed in Chapter 5 and summarized in Chapter 6, Table 22, Implementation and Monitoring.

Milestone reviews for this planning effort include:

City Agency Date Action
City of Angels Planning
Commission
October 14, 2021 Adopt the City of Angels Community Wide and Government Operations 2018 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Inventories, Calaveras County Wildfire Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Reduction Plan, and Recommended
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Thresholds for the
City of Angels. Resolution 21-19
City of Angels City
Council
November 2, 2021 Adopt Resolution 21-37 the City of Angels Community Wide and Government Operations 2018 Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Inventories, Calaveras County Wildfire
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Pan, and
Recommended Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction
Thresholds in Compliance with State Law.

City of Angels Planning
Commission
May 11, 2022 Draft Implementation Measures Workshop
Areas of Controversy
Two plans resulted from the planning effort. One for Calaveras County and a separate plan for the City of Angels. Both plans address state-mandated greenhouse gas emission categories including energy, transportation, solid waste, water and wastewater. Unlike Angels Camp, Calaveras County additionally addresses agricultural issues. Agriculture is not addressed in the City of Angels GHGRP because of the relatively low levels of agricultural production in the city. Issues currently under debate in Calaveras County relative to its Draft GHGRP primarily are related to agriculture.

BACKGROUND
The planning effort producing the attached City of Angels Draft Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (GHGRP) began in early 2020 under the auspices of the Calaveras Council of Governments at the request of Calaveras County. The plan is necessary to implement one of Calaveras County’s general plan goals under the County’s newly adopted general plan. The program was identified as a high priority by the Calaveras County Board of Supervisors. Because GHG is a regional and global issue, Calaveras County invited the City of Angels to participate.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 City of Angels DRAFT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan - 3
The city agreed to participate in formulating a GHGRP because:

1. Economic Development. State mandates to reduce greenhouse gas emission apply to all new discretionary development pursuant to state environmental regulations [i.e., the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)]. Without a GHGRP, new city development must spend considerable time and money to prepare an individual greenhouse gas emissions inventory and formulate an individual plan and mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with no guarantee that the plan will survive legal challenges. A “certified” GHGRP, as proposed here, provides the documentation, evidence, and thresholds necessary to support a finding of no significant adverse impact relative to greenhouse gas emissions with mitigation (as guided by the plan) for new development subject to CEQA in Angels Camp.

2. Funding and Economic Development. Many new and proposed future funding sources from the state (and many federal) agencies require the applicant to demonstrate that the proposed project will reduce greenhouse gas emissions or otherwise reduce the impacts of climate change. Those with adopted GHGRPs often have a competitive advantage over those jurisdictions without such plans.

These funding sources include grants for transportation projects, parks, trails, wildfire prevention, and similar programs important to the city. Most recently, the City applied for a Community Resilience Center grant to expand City Hall and establish a resilience center. The purpose of the grant funding is to assist communities in responding to climate change. An overview of some of the state grant programs tied to climate change can be found at : California Climate Investments Funded Programs | California Air Resources Board .

3. General Plan Consistency. City of Angels General Plan 2020, in compliance with state law, includes the following goals, policies and programs addressing greenhouse gas emissions/climate change. It is noted that there is significant overlap in measures targeting air quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Policy 9.A.5 Emphasize the reduction of air emissions (including greenhouse gas emissions) generated from sources located within the City of Angels and under city control. Note: This is a general plan mitigation measure
Policy 9.A.7 Reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, counteract the effects of, and protect the city’s residents from the effects of global warming to the maximum extent feasible. Note:

This is a general plan mitigation measure
Implementation Programs:

9.A.e. (4Ba) Encourage Use of Energy-Conserving Designs, Materials and Equipment Promote residential and commercial construction design that incorporates active and passive solar heating, supplemental solar water heaters, energy efficient lighting additional weather stripping, green and heat reflecting roofs compatible with the city’s visual character, additional insulation and similar energy-conserving features Use of energy-conserving designs and materials also should be

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 City of Angels DRAFT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan - 4
incorporated into additions and remodeling projects requiring a building permit. Use of energy conserving construction equipment (e.g., biodiesel) also should be encouraged. Promote incentive programs for projects that incorporate these features at a level that contributes to maintenance of the area’s air quality.

9.A.h Continue to Support and Promote Alternatives to Open Burning for Biomass Disposal Continue to support and promote alternatives to open burn of yard debris and construction clearing.

Efforts should include, but are not limited to:

1. Supporting the efforts of the Calaveras Foothills Fire Safe Council including providing letters and resolutions of support for grant applications made by the council to continue door-to-door chipping services.

2. Promoting the efforts of the Calaveras Foothills Fire Safe Council by providing a link to the agency through the city website and/or assisting the council in creating a page on the city's website to promote the availability of its programs.

3. Supporting efforts to maintain a biomass disposal site near the city (e.g., Red Hills Road facility)

4. Continuing to seek grant funding and/or the use of contracting services for biomass disposal activities within the city limits

5. Continuing, as feasible, twice-yearly yard waste pick-up and the use of mulched yard debris for city landscaping projects

9.A.j Participate in and Support Regional Air Quality Planning Efforts and Implement Adopted Plans where Mandated by Law
Provide representation from Angels Camp at regional planning events that address the issues and opportunities available for effective air quality management. Participate in planning efforts to prepare and implement a regional Air Quality Plan or State Implementation Plan (SIP) and implement those components applicable to Angels Camp as prescribed by state and federal regulations and continue to comply with the rules set forth by the CCAPCD and CARB including, if required pursuant to AB32 (Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006), preparation of a greenhouse gas emissions reduction plan addressing City emissions (emphasis added). Support cost-effective multi-use modeling and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to accurately measure air quality parameters. Note: This is a general plan mitigation measure

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 City of Angels DRAFT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan - 5

9.A.k Pursue Partnerships to Secure Funding to Assist in Attaining State and Federal Air Quality Standards
Pursue partnerships with private and public agencies to pursue Community Development Block Grants and similar funding for residential rehabilitation programs that improve air quality by reducing emissions through the installation of EPA-Certified heating devices or that repair or replace existing heating units as necessary to achieve EPA air quality standards.

9.A.q Establish Emission Threshold Guidelines for Triggering Individual Project Air Quality Assessments
In cooperation with the CCAPCD, establish a list of project thresholds with the potential to generate a significant adverse impact pursuant to CEQA. The guidelines should be used in determining when an air quality assessmentshould be conducted for an individual project.

Thresholds should be based, to the extent feasible, on the anticipated trips per day to be generated by the project or other factors that can be calculated with relative ease. Air quality assessments shall be completed with oversight by the CCAPCD in compliance with CCAPCD's rules and regulations. Sample thresholds are provided in (2020 General Plan Appendix 9A).

Note: This is a general plan mitigation measure.

9.A.r Establish Guidelines for Reducing Vehicle Exhaust Emissions During Construction Activities
In cooperation with the CCAPCD, establish guidelines for reducing vehicle exhaust emissions during project construction activities. Sample guidelines are provided in (2020 General Plan Appendix 9B). Note: This is a general plan mitigation measure ENVIRONMENTAL FINDINGS:

After public review, the city will prepare an environmental review document for the Draft GHGRP. The Plan will be returned to the City Council to consider adoption after the environmental document is completed.

ATTACHMENT:

Draft City of Angels Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan

Credits & Acknowledgements
City of Angels
Rebecca Callen, City Administrator
Amy Augustine, Contract City Planner
Planning Commission
City Council
Calaveras Council of Governments
Erin Kelly, Transportation Planner
Melissa Raggio, Executive Director
Sierra Business Council, Report Authors
Meredith Anderson, Climate & Energy Project Manager
Sherry Hao, Climate & Energy Program Director
Sam Ruderman, Climate & Energy Project Manager
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Kelsey Bennett, Environmental & Sustainability Planning Director Erik Feldman, Principal
Emily Saul, Sustainability Planner
Harris & Associates
Darin Neufeld, Environmental Planning & Compliance Director Sharon Toland, Project Manager
Kelly Bray, Principal Sustainability Planner
Completed with support from the Calaveras Council of Governments and Sierra Nevada Energy Watch. Thank you to the staff at the City of Angels and Calaveras Council of Governments for providing much of the insight and local information necessary for the development of this plan.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 1
Table of Contents
Credits & Acknowledgements 1
Table of Contents 2
Tables & Figures 4
Abbreviations 6
Chapter 1. Introduction 9
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan Overview 9
Climate Status in California and the Sierra Nevada 9
Legislative Context 11
Chapter 2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 14
Overview of Emissions 14
Forecast 16
Chapter 3. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets 19
Goals & Development Process 19
Reduction Targets 19
Chapter 4. Public Participation 22
Stakeholder Engagement Process 22
Chapter 5. GHG Reduction Measures 24
Overview 24
Mitigation Measures & Actions 24
Energy 24
Renewable Energy (RE) 24
Education & Outreach (EO) 25
Existing Buildings (EB) 26
New Construction (NC) 27
Transportation 29
Transportation (TR) 29
Solid Waste 38
Solid Waste (SW) 38
Water & Wastewater 40
Water & Wastewater (WW) 40
Summary 41
Chapter 6. Implementation, Monitoring & CEQA Streamlining 47 Implementation & Monitoring 47
CEQA Streamlining 57
Appendices 59
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 2
Appendix A. City of Angels Revised Inventory and Forecast Amendment 59 Introduction 59
Summary of Emissions 59
Overview of Revisions 60
Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Data 60
Calaveras Public Power Agency Emissions Factor 61
Electricity Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast 62
Appendix B. Original GHG Inventory and Forecast: City of Angels Community-Wide and Government Operations 2018 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories 64 Appendix C. GHGRP Measure Quantifications & Substantial Evidence 65 City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 3
Tables & Figures
Figure 1. 2018 Community-Wide Emissions Summary 15
Figure 2. 2018 Government Operations Emissions Summary 16 Figure 3. BAU and ABAU Forecasts 17
Figure 4. BAU and ABAU Forecasts with Target Reductions 20 Table 1. Measure RE-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 25 Table 2. Measure EO-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 26 Table 3. Measure EB-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 26 Table 4. Measure EB-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 26 Table 5. Measure EB-3 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 27 Table 6. Measure NC-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 27 Table 7. Measure NC-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 28 Table 8. Measure TR-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 30 Table 9. Measure TR-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 31 Table 10. Measure TR-3 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 32 Table 11. Measure TR-4 GHG Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 33
Table 12. Measure TR-5 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 34 Table 13. Measure SW-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 38 Table 14. Measure SW-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 39 Table 15. Measure WW-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 40 Table 16. Measure WW-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 40 Table 17. Measure WW-3 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 41 Table 18. Measure WW-4 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 41 Table 19. Forecast and Target Values 42
Table 20. GHG Reduction Summary (MT CO2e) 43
Table 21. City Inventory, Forecast, and Reduction Targets (MT CO2e) 44 Figure 5. ABAU Forecast with Reductions from Mitigation Measures 45 Table 22. GHGRP Implementation Plan 49
Table A-1. Original Report and Revised Report Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts by Sector Summary (MTCO2e) 59
Table A-2. Original Report and Revised Report Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory by Sector Summary (MTCO2e) 60
Table A-3. Original Report and Revised Report Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment and Transportation Sector Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) 61 Table A-4. Original Report and Revised Report CPPA Electricity and Commercial Energy Sector Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) 62 Table A-5. Original Report and Revised Report CPPA Electricity Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) 62
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Table A-6. Original Report and Revised Report Community-Wide Electricity and Energy Sector GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) 63
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Abbreviations
AB Assembly Bill
ABAU Adjusted Business-as-Usual
BAU Business-as-Usual
CA LTAP California Local Technical Assistance Program
CARB California Air Resouces Board
CCAPCD Calaveras County AIr Pollution Control District
CCI California Climate Investments
CCOG Calaveras Council of Governments
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CPPA Calaveras Public Power Agency
CSZEVRP Central Sierra Zero Emission Vehicle Readiness Plan DC Direct current
DER Distributed energy resources
EB Existing building
EO Education and outreach
EV Electric vehicle
EVCS Electric vehicle charging station
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
GHG Greenhouse gas
GHGRP Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan
HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
MT CO2e Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
NEV Neighborhood electric vehicle
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NC New construction
RCRC Rural County Representatives of California
RE Renewable energy
RPS Renewables Portfolio Standard
SB Senate Bill
SBC Sierra Business Council
SORE Small off-road equipment
SW Solid waste
TR Transportation
WW Water and wastewater
WWTP Wastewater treatment plant
ZEV Zero-emission vehicle
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City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 8
Chapter 1. Introduction
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan Overview
The City of Angels (City) is committed to taking meaningful action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and build community resilience. The purpose of this Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan (GHGRP) is to provide a roadmap for the City to achieve its greenhouse gas reduction goals and outline the steps to reduce its carbon footprint, promote sustainable development, and enhance community resilience. The City's GHGRP will focus on reducing GHG emissions in all sectors of the community, including energy, transportation, solid waste, and water and wastewater. These GHG emissions were detailed in the City of Angels Community-Wide and Government Operations 2018 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories report, which was completed in 2021 and can be found in Appendix B. The inventory project also included an analysis of wildfire as an emissions source, however, the wildfire sector was not included in the GHGRP measures, as these emissions are beyond the control of the City.

The City recognizes that addressing GHG reductions is a complex challenge that requires a collaborative, integrated, and comprehensive approach. This GHGRP is the result of a coordinated effort between City staff, elected officials, and a community engagement process, and also builds off of the City’s 2020 General Plan. It reflects a vision and commitment to sustainability and resilience and provides guidance for future actions and initiatives. The City views this plan as a starting point and recognizes that fast-evolving technology and data require that the GHGRP be considered a living document subject to ongoing updates and adjustments. These ongoing updates will reflect the best information available and provide the most constructive means for achieving City and state goals.

Climate Status in California and the Sierra Nevada
California Senate Bill (SB) 32
1 defines climate change impacts under the following language: “Global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources, and the environment of California. The potential adverse impacts of global warming include the exacerbation of air quality problems, a reduction in the quality and supply of water to the state from the Sierra snowpack, a rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of thousands of coastal businesses and residences, damage to marine ecosystems and the natural environment, and an increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, asthma, and other human health-related problems. Global warming will have detrimental effects on some of California’s largest industries, including agriculture, wine, tourism, winter sports, recreational and commercial fishing, and forestry. It will also increase the strain on electricity supplies necessary to meet the demand for summer air-conditioning in the hottest parts of the state.”
The California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) 2017 and 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plans 2,3 provide
details on the specific threats of climate change, particularly relevant for rural, forested regions like the 3 California’s 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan, CARB 2022. 2 California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. CARB. 2017. 1 California Assembly Bill (AB) 32. 2006.

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City. The 2022 plan includes more information on specific local actions. The CARB scoping plans state:

In California, as in the rest of the world, climate change is contributing to an escalation of serious problems, including raging wildfires, coastal erosion, disruption of water supply, threats to agriculture, spread of insect-borne diseases, and continuing health threats from air pollution.

The drought that plagued California for years devastated the state’s agricultural and rural communities, leaving some of them with no drinking water. In 2015 alone, the drought cost agriculture in the Central Valley an estimated $2.7 billion, and more than 20,000 jobs.

Changes include: A recorded increase in annual average temperatures, as well as increases in daily minimum and maximum temperatures. An increase in the occurrence of extreme events, including heat waves. A decrease in winter chill hours, necessary for the production of high-value fruit and nut crops.

In recent years, California has experienced the deadliest wildfires in its history.

Extensive tree mortality is already prevalent in California. The western pine beetle and other bark beetles have killed a majority of the ponderosa pine in the foothills of the central and southern Sierra Nevada.

California will experience a reduction in spring runoff volumes, as a result of declining snowpack.

While more intense dry periods are anticipated under warmer conditions, extremes on the wet end of the spectrum are also expected to increase due to more frequent warm, wet atmospheric river events and a higher proportion of precipitation falling as rain instead of snow.

In recent years, atmospheric rivers have also been recognized as the cause of the large majority of major floods.

Climate change is making events, like those listed above, more frequent, more catastrophic and more costly. Climate change impacts all Californians, and the impacts are often disproportionately borne by the state’s most vulnerable and disadvantaged populations.

These are the many challenges associated with climate change that face the City, along with other communities in the Sierra Nevada. A healthy ecosystem provides cultural, social, and economic benefits that local communities rely on for agriculture, tourism, recreation, fishing, and other industries that are important to the City and its economic vitality. 4,5
5 Dettinger, M., Alpert, H., Battles, J., Kusel, J., Safford, H., Fougeres, D., Knight, C., Miller, L., Sawyer, S. (2018). Sierra Nevada Region Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. 4 Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K., Meyer, L.A.. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

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Legislative Context
Since 2005, the State of California has responded to growing concerns over the effects of climate change by addressing emissions in the public and private sectors through legislative action. California mandates and guidance on measuring and reducing GHG emissions include:
➢ establishing renewable portfolio standards (SB 1078, 2002) 6 ➢ executive order on California global warming impacts and targets (EO S-3-05, 2005) 7 ,
➢ the California Global Warming Solutions Act (Assembly Bill (AB) 32, 2006) 8 and its successor
bill (SB 32, 2016)
9 ,
➢ executive order for low carbon fuel standards (EO S-1-07, 2007) 10 ,
➢ the Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act (SB 375, 2008) 11 ,
➢ the Water Conservation Act (SB X7-7, 2009)
12 ,
➢ establishing mandatory commercial recycling (AB 341, 2012) 13 ,
➢ executive order on Advanced Clean Cars (B-12-016, 2012) 14 and successor order (N-79-20,
2022)
15 ,
➢ the California Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act (SB 350, 2015) 16 ,
➢ local government requirements for climate adaptation and resilience strategies (SB 379, 2015)
17 ,
➢ the California Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy (SB 1383, 2016) 18 ,
➢ the CARB 2017
19 and 202220 Climate Change Scoping Plan,
➢ the 100% Clean Energy Act of 2018 (SB 100, 2018)
21 ,
➢ executive order to achieve carbon neutrality (EO B-55-18, 2018), 22 and
➢ the California Climate Crisis Act (AB 1279, 2022)
23 .
23 California AB 1279. 2022.
22 California Executive Order B-55-18. 2018.
21 California SB 100. 2018.
20 California’s 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan, CARB 2022. 19 California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. CARB. 2017. 18 California SB 1383. 2016.
17 California SB 379. 2015.
16 California SB 350. 2015.
15 California Executive Order N-79-20.
14 California Executive Order B-12-016, 2012.
13 California AB 341. 2012.
12 California SB X7-7. 2009.
11 California SB 375. 2008.
10 California Executive Order EO S-1-07. 2007.
9 California SB 32. 2016.
8 California AB 32. 2006.
7 California Executive Order S-03-05. 2005.
6 California SB 1078. 2002.

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All of the above legislation provides guidance and protocols for local governments to participate in the State’s GHG reduction efforts.

In response, many communities in the United States are addressing emissions at the local level. As many of the major sources of GHG emissions can be directly or indirectly controlled through local policies and actions, local governments have an opportunity to play a key role in reducing GHG emissions within their boundaries. Through proactive measures related to land use, transportation demand management, energy efficiency, green building, waste diversion, and more, local governments can contribute to emissions reductions in their communities. This GHGRP will build capacity for the City to address local climate impacts, allowing them to set goals that will increase their resilience and comply with California’s greater climate strategy and mandates.

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City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 13
Chapter 2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
Overview of Emissions
In September 2021, the City of Angels 2018 GHG inventory was completed for community-wide and government operations emissions. The inventory is a critical component of the GHGRP, as it provides a baseline measurement of emissions that can be used to track progress toward greenhouse gas reduction goals. The inventory identifies and quantifies specific sources of emissions from within the City. By understanding the sources and respective quantities of GHG emissions, the City can identify opportunities for reducing emissions and developing targeted and effective mitigation strategies.

With support from the Calaveras Council of Governments (CCOG) and guidance from City staff, Sierra Business Council (SBC), along with the sub consultant team of Rincon Consultants, Inc. and Harris & Associates, completed all emissions estimates in accordance with the United States Community Protocol and the Local Government Operations Protocol. More details on inventory boundaries, protocols, and methodology can be found in the City’s GHG Inventory Report in Appendix B.

After the City’s inventory was completed, newer and more accurate data was released, and the City’s inventory was updated to reflect changes in data sources, methodology, and assumptions. Updating the inventory helps to ensure that the data accurately reflects the current emissions profile and provides a solid foundation for developing effective climate action plans and policies. The updated inventory memo can be found in Appendix A.

This section outlines the key findings from the City’s community-wide and government operations 2018 GHG emissions inventories.

Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory
In 2018, sources within the City and activities of the City’s residents, businesses, and visitors emitted 24,608 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e). These emissions are attributed to four different sectors: energy use, transportation, solid waste, and water and wastewater. The transportation sector was the most significant contributor of emissions. In summary 24 :
● Transportation accounted for 72.7% and 17,879 MT CO2e ● Energy use accounted for 22.9% and 5,639 MT CO2e
● Emissions from solid waste accounted for 4.2% and 1,037 MT CO2e ● Water and wastewater accounted for 0.2% and 53 MT CO2e 24 Total percentages may not sum exactly due to independent rounding.

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Figure 1. 2018 Community-Wide Emissions Summary
Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory
In 2018, City government operations generated 456 MT CO2e for the sectors reported in this inventory.

The vehicle fleet sector was the most significant contributor of emissions 25 .
● Emissions from the City’s vehicle fleet accounted for 46.1% and 210 MT CO2e ● Emissions from City employee commutes accounted for 30.1% and 137 MT CO2e ● City-owned and operated water and wastewater facilities accounted for 11.5% and 52.4 MT CO2e
● Emissions from City facility-generated solid waste accounted for 9.7% and 44 MT CO2e ● Energy from the City’s buildings and facilities accounted for 2.7% and 12.4 MT CO2e 25 Total percentages may not sum exactly due to independent rounding.

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Figure 2. 2018 Government Operations Emissions Summary
Forecast
Two forecast scenarios were developed for the City: a business-as-usual (BAU) forecast and a legislative adjusted scenario forecast (ABAU) of community-wide GHG emissions. A BAU forecast is a projection of GHG emissions that would occur in the absence of any new GHG reduction measures or policies and accounts for expected changes in population, economic growth, energy use, and other factors that are likely to influence GHG emissions. An ABAU forecast is similar to a BAU forecast, but reflects the anticipated impacts of existing or upcoming state and federal climate policies. This includes regulations, mandates, or other policies that are expected to affect energy use, transportation, and other sources of GHG emissions. By including the anticipated impacts of climate policies, the ABAU forecast provides a more accurate estimate of emissions reductions that may be achieved. This projection serves as a baseline against which progress towards GHG reduction goals can be measured and allows for specific GHGRP measures to be prioritized.

The inventory projects the City’s GHG emissions from 2018 out to 2045, based on a BAU forecast and an ABAU forecast of community-wide GHG emissions.
26 The 2045 forecasts project an increase for the
BAU scenario and a decrease for the ABAU scenario from the 2018 baseline. Under the BAU scenario, emissions are projected to increase by 13.9%, equating to 28,039 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 26 Note: this does not include forecasting projections for wildfire.

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2045. Under the ABAU scenario, emissions are projected to decrease by 28.2%, equating to 17,674 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 2045.

Figure 3. BAU and ABAU Forecasts
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City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 18
Chapter 3. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets
Goals & Development Process
The first step in developing GHGRP goals was to conduct a GHG emissions inventory, outlined in Chapter 2, to identify the major sources of emissions within the City. This information was used to establish a baseline for emissions and to pinpoint how each sector contributed to emissions totals.

Once the GHG emissions inventory was completed, the next step was for the City to adopt GHG reduction goals. These goals are based on a percentage reduction from the baseline emissions level and are outlined in the Reduction Targets section below.

During the process of developing GHGRP goals and measures, it was helpful to look to other jurisdictions for inspiration and guidance. Measures that have been successful in other Sierra Nevada communities, for example, can be adapted and implemented to suit the specific needs and circumstances of the City. The City considered and incorporated best practices from other jurisdictions in the development of the GHGRP. This collaborative approach helped ensure that the plan is comprehensive, effective, and tailored to the unique characteristics and challenges within the City.

The measures that were developed will become the City’s detailed plan for achieving its adopted emissions reduction targets.

Reduction Targets
In California, local emissions reduction targets are often aligned with state goals to ensure that all jurisdictions are working towards the same overall target. The State of California has set ambitious emissions reduction targets to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Under SB 32, California has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. Under the state Executive Order B-55-18, the 2022 Scoping Plan, and AB 1279, California has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2045.

The City discussed and voted to approve GHG emission reduction targets at the Planning Commission meeting (October 14, 2021) and City Council meeting (November 2, 2021). The City adopted the SB 32 target, as well as the 2045 carbon neutrality goal in alignment with EO B-55-18. Adopting these targets means that emissions will need to drop to 15,875 MT CO2e by 2030 and 0 MT CO2e by 2045. The community emissions trend, forecast, and reduction targets are shown in Figure 4 below.

The City has identified and prioritized specific strategies and actions to meet these targets, including increasing energy efficiency, expanding renewable energy, reducing waste, promoting sustainable transportation, and engaging with the community.

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Figure 4. BAU and ABAU Forecasts with Target Reductions City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 20
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 21
Chapter 4. Public Participation
Stakeholder Engagement Process
Throughout the GHGRP development process, the City has been committed to engaging stakeholders and soliciting public feedback. Effective engagement with stakeholders and the public ensures that the GHGRP reflects the priorities and values of the community and helps to build support for its implementation. This section outlines the strategies used to engage stakeholders and gather public feedback.

In order to effectively engage with the public, the City released an online survey to collect feedback.

The survey outlined draft measures that the City was initially considering including in the GHGRP. The measures were separated by sector: energy, transportation, solid waste, water and wastewater, wildfire, and carbon sequestration.

In addition to releasing an online survey to the community, the City also held an in person community workshop on May 12th, 2022 to gather feedback on the measures and the GHGRP development process. At the in person workshop, attendees ranked draft measures based on what they would like included or not included in the GHGRP. The City also held individual stakeholder meetings with local organizations interested in the process.

These engagement efforts provided opportunities for stakeholders to share their thoughts and ideas about the GHGRP measures and provide feedback on specific strategies and actions. The engagement process also helped to identify potential barriers to implementation and inform the development of more effective mitigation strategies. The City has considered all feedback received and has used it in the development of the GHGRP. In order to keep stakeholders informed, the City will provide regular updates to the public on the GHGRP’s progress and seek ongoing feedback on implementation efforts.

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City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 23
Chapter 5. GHG Reduction Measures
Overview
The quantified measures to reduce GHG emissions associated with energy, transportation, solid waste, and water and wastewater are included below. The GHG reduction impacts for each measure are included for target years 2030 and 2045. It is recommended that the City form a GHGRP measure implementation committee and seek funding to assist with community education and measure implementation.

Mitigation Measures & Actions
Energy
The following measures focus on reducing emissions associated with energy use in both residential and commercial buildings. Buildings consume a significant amount of energy. By implementing measures that will improve efficiency, increase renewables and storage, and decarbonize the built environment, emissions from this sector will decrease.

Renewable Energy (RE)
Measure RE-1: Increase Community Renewable Energy
Convert 50% of existing residential grid electricity and 30% of existing commercial grid electricity to renewable electricity by 2030.

Increase the use of renewable energy in the community and support efforts to increase renewable and carbon-free energy generation, including wind, solar, hydro, and biomass, and to ensure customer access to this renewable energy. Encourage on-site renewable energy generation and storage systems for residents and businesses. Develop a robust renewable energy program that provides outreach, City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 24
financing opportunities, and technical assistance to residents and businesses. Pursue community solar projects. Work with large energy users to transition towards renewable and zero net energy projects. Pursue distributed energy resources (DERs), microgrids, energy storage opportunities, and grid optimization projects.

Quantification in Table 1 accounts for the impacts of EB-3, EB-1, EO-1, and EB-2, in order of operations. Measure RE-2 is supportive of RE-1, and while it could not be quantified separately, it supports the reductions associated with RE-1. RE-1 does not contribute to 2045 reductions due to California’s Renewable Portfolio Standard, which requires that all of the state’s electricity will come from carbon-free sources by 2045.

Table 1. Measure RE-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 451 --
Measure RE-2: Promote On-Site Renewable Energy Generation (Government Operations) Support efforts on available government-owned land or buildings to increase renewable and carbon-free energy generation, including, wind, solar, hydro, and biomass. Promote on-site renewable energy generation and energy storage. Evaluate the renewable energy potential and assess barriers to increased renewable energy generation.

As a supportive measure, emissions for RE-2 have been included within the quantification of RE-1 in Table 1.

Education & Outreach (EO)
Measure EO-1: Conduct Energy Conservation Outreach and Education Reduce existing and new residential and commercial energy use (all sources) by 12% in 2030 and 2045 through robust energy conservation outreach and education.

Conduct energy conservation and efficiency education and outreach to residents and businesses.

Support and promote programs for lower-income and disadvantaged populations. Increase awareness of resources and financing opportunities for homes and businesses to (1) replace old appliances with energy-efficient models, (2) conduct retrofits to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and building envelope, (3) upgrade to efficient lighting, (4) replace old and inefficient woodand propane-burning heaters, and (5) add smart controls and sensors. This includes property owners (primary, vacation, and second homeowners), property management groups, and landlords. Through education and outreach, increase participation in voluntary residential and commercial energy efficiency programs. Educate citizens about low-income home weatherization programs (U.S Department of Energy’s Weatherization Assistance Program, California’s Low-Income Weatherization Program, utility-offered Energy Savings Assistance Program, local program). Educate about existing housing rehabilitation loan programs. Partner with the local utilities, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) and City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 25
Calaveras Public Power Agency, to promote existing energy programs for residents and businesses.

The EO-1 quantification in Table 2 accounts for the impacts of EB-3 and EB-1 on existing energy use, in order of operations.

Table 2. Measure EO-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 394 67
Existing Buildings (EB)
Measure EB-1: Facilitate Energy Efficiency Retrofits
Reduce existing residential building energy use by 10% in 2030 and 25% in 2045 through energy efficiency retrofits. Reduce existing commercial buildings energy use by 15% in 2030 and 30% in 2045 through energy efficiency retrofits.

The City will pursue funding to help facilitate (i.e., incentivize) energy-efficient upgrades for homes and businesses, such as upgrading outdated wood-burning and propane appliances with more-efficient models, as discussed in EO-1.

The EB-1 in Table 3 quantification accounts for the impacts of EB-3, in order of operations.

Table 3. Measure EB-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 380 138
Measure EB-2: Establish a Green Business Program
Achieve participation of 5% of businesses in 2030 and 2045 within a Green Business Program. Reduce existing and new commercial energy use (all sources) by 10% in 2030 and 2045.

Establish a green business program that certifies businesses based on criteria such as energy efficiency, employee wellness, water and waste reduction, etc. Benefits to employee wellness could include active transportation, cleaner air, etc.

The EB-2 quantification in Table 4 accounts for the impacts of EB-3 and EB-1, in order of operations.

Table 4. Measure EB-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 3 0
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Measure EB-3: Implement an Electrification Time-of-Replacement Ordinance At equipment end of life, replace 45% of existing residential and commercial natural gas and propane water heaters with electric alternatives by 2030 and 90% by 2045 (based on 10-year life and 10% non-compliance). At equipment end of life, replace 23% of natural gas, propane, and wood space heaters with electric alternatives by 2030 and 90% by 2045 (based on 20-year life and 10% non-compliance).

By 2025, adopt an ordinance that requires residential and commercial fossil fuel-powered space and water heating appliances be replaced with electric alternatives at time of replacement.

Table 5. Measure EB-3 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 919 2,560
Measure EB-4: Improve Building Energy Efficiency of Government Operations Pursue grants to improve the energy efficiency of existing City-owned buildings and infrastructure whenever a project is undertaken to improve or maintain them. This includes maintenance or improvement of both interior and exterior (streetlight, parking lot lighting, traffic signals, and other outdoor area lighting) operations. Energy efficiency improvements include retrofits or commissioning/retro-commissioning to HVAC, lighting, controls, sensors, building envelope, and any other energy loads.

Emissions for EB-4 have been included within the quantification of EB-1 in Table 3.

New Construction (NC)
Measure NC-1: Implement Reach Codes
Achieve a 53% efficiency improvement for new residential buildings and a 30% efficiency improvement for new commercial buildings through the implementation of reach codes and green building standards by 2030 and 2045. This assumes ordinance adoption by 2025.

Pursue reach codes and green building standards that go beyond Title 24. Examples include:
incentives for exceeding minimum building energy performance, requiring new construction to be fully electric (no propane), or requiring energy audits.

Table 6. Measure NC-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 62 92
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Measure NC-2: Incentivize Zero Net Energy New Construction Achieve participation of zero net energy construction by 5% of new residential and commercial buildings by 2030 and 15% by 2045. This assumes ordinance adoption by 2025.

Incentivize new residential and nonresidential buildings to be built all-electric and install renewable energy generation and energy storage systems that can fully offset energy needs.

The NC-2 quantification in Table 7 accounts for the impacts of NC-1, in order of operations.

Table 7. Measure NC-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 2 12
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Transportation
The following measures focus on reducing emissions associated with transportation, which is the largest source of emissions in the City. By implementing measures that encourage the use of low-emission and electric vehicles (EVs), promote active transportation, improve public transit systems, and reduce the need for single-occupancy vehicles, emissions from this sector can be significantly reduced. These measures will help to create a more sustainable transportation system that benefits all community members.

Transportation (TR)
Measure TR-1: Increase EV/ZEV Adoption
Increase EV and zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 30% for passenger vehicles and 30% for commercial vehicles within the City by 2030.

1. Work with Calaveras County (County) to install 62 new publicly accessible EV charging ports in the City by 2030 to drive ZEV adoption and build a regionally-connected EV charging infrastructure network.

2. Develop and adopt an electric vehicle charging infrastructure reach code to require 50% of total parking spaces in new or remodeled commercial development to install Level 2 EV chargers exceeding the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code Tier 2 requirements.

3. Develop a list of prioritized locations for new EV charging stations within the City for inclusion in the County's Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Implementation Plan. Include locations recommended in the Central Sierra Zero Emission Vehicle Readiness Plan (CSZEVRP), including EV charging infrastructure for visitors at the recommended resorts and lodging locations, direct current (DC) fast chargers at the recommended highway corridor locations, and EV charging stations (EVCS) at the other recommended destinations.

4. Consistent with the Calaveras Streamlined Permitting Guidebook of the CSZEVRP, develop and maintain an expedited, streamlined permitting process for EVCS in accordance with AB 1236 City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 29
and employ the example Plug-in EV Infrastructure Permitting Checklist in the Guidebook to assess installation projects for expedited review.

5. Investigate the feasibility of developing and adopting an electric vehicle charging infrastructure reach code for existing development, which requires existing buildings over 10,000 square feet to install 30% of EV Capable charging spaces during major renovations.

6. Work with the County to acquire a significant grant from Measures TR-6 through TR-10 to upgrade the EV charging and alternative fueling infrastructure to facilitate a robust and regionally-connected ZEV network throughout the City.

7. Work and collaborate with local businesses and employers (including hotels and shopping centers) to develop and implement a plan for City-supported accelerated business fleet electrification.

8. Support ZEV car share companies in coming to the City.

9. Coordinate with City communities-based organizations, agencies, and nonprofits to conduct ZEV education events for residents and business owners.

10. Work with the Calaveras County Air Pollution Control District (CCAPCD) to start a purchase rebate program and provide higher trade-in value for combustion vehicles to assist lower-income households in purchasing EVs.

11. Develop a Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) Transportation Plan to identify areas in the community where community members can safely operate, develop signage, and identify opportunities for implementation of compatible NEV infrastructure (including infrastructure for electric golf carts).

Table 8. Measure TR-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Passenger EV/ZEV 2,324 5,021
Commercial
EV/ZEV
1,019 162
Total 3,344 5,183
Measure TR-2: Decarbonize the City Municipal Fleet and Employee Commute Decarbonize the City municipal fleet and related commuter vehicles to achieve a 40% ZEV fleet by 2030.

1. Adopt a city requirement that requires that new and replacement City municipal fleet vehicle purchases are EVs or ZEVs, where feasible.

2. Conduct a study to determine a timeframe and schedule to convert all City municipal fleet vehicles to EV/ZEVs and identify the EV charging/alternative fueling capacity needed to support a 100% ZEV fleet. Work with the County to incorporate needed EV/ZEV infrastructure installations into the County's Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Implementation Plan.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 30

3. Secure funding from programs such as the CARB's Clean Vehicle Rebate Project, Clean Cars 4 All Program, and the Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Program to increase procurement of EV or ZEV cars, trucks, and other vehicles and installation of EV/ZEV charging and fueling infrastructure at City facilities.

4. Work with the County and the Regional Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Collaborative to lead the creation of best practices and the pursuit of funding for EV infrastructure as well as public and private ZEV fleets.

5. Coordinate with local agencies and community-based organizations to develop EV/ZEV educational materials that inform City employees on costs/benefits of owning EVs/ ZEVs and guidance on receiving funding for EVs/ZEVs.

6. Provide a transportation subsidy to City employees to assist with purchase of EVs or ZEVs used for their work commutes.

7. Allow eligible City employees to telecommute, with a target rate of 25% of eligible staff time utilizing telecommuting by 2030.

Table 9. Measure TR-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 84 210
Measure TR-3: Increase Active Transportation Mode Share Increase active transportation mode share within the City 2% by 2030.

1. Construct bikeway and pedestrian system connections within the City and connect with County, state, and federal infrastructure through integration of bicycle facilities as part of other roadway construction projects.

2. Conduct an annual review of collisions in order to identify and implement bicyclist and pedestrian infrastructure and safety improvements needed for the active transportation network and coordinate with the County to incorporate the improvements into the County's bicycle and pedestrian master plan updates.

3. Work with the County to pursue funding from Measures TR-6 through TR-10 to implement projects from the City of Angels Regional Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Safe Routes to School Master Plan.

4. Work and collaborate with local organizations and agencies, such as CCOG and theCounty, to promote bicycle and pedestrian travel as well as the Calaveras County Regional Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Safe Routes to School Master Plan.

5. Acquire grants to provide transportation subsidies to lower-income households to assist with purchase of bicycles used for their work commutes.

6. Coordinate with City communities-based organizations, agencies, and nonprofits to conduct bicycle and pedestrian education events for residents and business owners.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 31

7. Pursue a public-private partnership to implement a shared e-bike/bike share program to provide low-cost micro-mobility options to visitors and residents of the City.

8. Expand and enhance the Calaveras County Green Streets Program to improve the walkability of streets by providing increased shade cover and increased carbon sequestration potential.

9. Add paid parking to key visitation locations to encourage transit use, carpooling, biking, and walking.

Table 10. Measure TR-3 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 35 139
Measure TR-4: Increase Public Transit Mode Share
Increase public transit mode share to 10% by 2030.

1. Conduct a study to identify specific and systematic gaps and barriers to mobility and access in the current public transit system. Include direct outreach to members of disadvantaged communities, commuters, tourist destinations, and other underserved groups.

2. Work with the County to establish a regional transportation system that serves all City residents and visitors through a connected network of express and local fixed-route bus services, regional commuter services, public tourist shuttles, on-demand shuttles/microtransit, consistent active transportation connections (e.g., bike racks) and coordinated first-last mile commuting options that may include micro-mobility options.

3. Partner with the County to establish an EV rideshare program (similar to "Green Raiteros") that allows for people with limited mobility options to rent a vehicle or request a ride in an EV for low cost.

4. Work with the County to establish 'Park and Ride' facilities at locations convenient for commuters, residents, and visitors to transfer from a single occupancy vehicle to transit buses, commuter services, shuttles, or EV rideshare vehicles.

5. Work with the County to obtain significant funding from Measures TR-6 through TR-10 to fund a regional transportation system and build an EV charging infrastructure network to support the EV rideshare program.

6. Identify and direct a City department and staff to oversee and manage the EV rideshare program in partnership with the County.

7. Implement a promotion and education campaign to inform the community of the availability of the EV rideshare program and available transit routes and options. This may include but is not limited to: tabling at community events, bilingual mailers, social media posts, direct engagement with employers, and partnerships with Google Transit or a mobile application developer to bring real-time maps and schedules to residents and visitors.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 32

8. Prioritize EV rideshare program implementation in low-income communities and develop pricing plans that make the public transportation system and EV rideshare program affordable for low-income residents.

Table 11. Measure TR-4 GHG Impact (MT CO2e/Year)
2030 2045
Total 403 1,612
Measure TR-5: Decarbonize Off-road Equipment and Vehicles Decarbonize 25% of the off-road equipment and vehicles in the City by 2030.

1. Create a phased ordinance by 2024 to ban the local operation of gasoline and diesel-powered off-road equipment by type, including banning local operation of gasoline and diesel-powered small off-road equipment (SORE) by 2029. For those equipment types that cannot be decarbonized (aka., electrified or converted to biofuel) in the short-term, include a requirement for the use of renewable diesel (e.g., RD99 which is a drop-in renewable fuel and readily available on West Coast).

2. Establish an enforcement and implementation program to track transition of off-road equipment across the City.

3. Conduct an assessment of off-road equipment and vehicles in the City to inform feasible phases for the ordinance, identify fleets with high decarbonization potential and fleets that will require targeted support to decarbonize, and identify available electric/biofuel options for each type. The assessment shall include direct outreach to fleet operators.

4. Dedicate a City department and staff to support the County's Off-road Equipment Replacement Program to work directly with fleets identified in action TR-5.2 to decarbonize their off-road equipment and vehicles. The program shall include free consultations with fleet operators to identify equivalent alternatives to fossil-fueled off-road equipment, direct support to obtain rebates and incentives, and connections to qualified local repair services to maintain the replaced equipment.

5. Work with the County and CCAPCD to pursue funding from the Carl Moyer program and rely on funding from Measures TR-6 through TR-10 to support off-road decarbonization efforts via purchase of all-electric and/or biofuel off-road equipment and vehicles.

6. Work with the County and CCAPCD to develop a rebate and incentive program for upgrading off-road equipment and vehicles and switching to electric or biofuels. Develop the program with a focus on procedural equity and prioritize funding distribution to members of disadvantaged communities.

7. Partner with the County to develop a multilingual Off-road Equipment Replacement Outreach Campaign that educates fleet operators on the public health and safety benefits of alternative equipment technology and connects them with the Off-road Equipment Replacement Program.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 33

8. In collaboration with the County, work with electric off-road equipment manufacturers (such as Solectrac and Monarch) to host workforce development workshops to train local agricultural equipment repair shops to service electric off-road equipment and off-road equipment utilizing biofuels and renewable diesel.

9. Partner with the CCAPCD to establish the enforcement and implementation program, create the Off-road Equipment Replacement Program, pursue funding, and develop the rebate and incentive program.

Table 12. Measure TR-5 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 212 593
Measure TR-6: Create a Tourism Economy
Partner with the County to develop a tourism economy to help fund the decarbonization of the transportation sector.

1. Establish a tourism/hotel tax with revenue earmarked for the decarbonization of transportation within the City.

2. Work with the County to develop a plan to help brand and market Calaveras County and the City as a sustainable tourist destination and conduct a study to determine the price options and applicability for the tax.

3. Secure funding from Visit California's Rural Marketing Program to market Calaveras County and the City as a sustainable tourist destination.

4. Partner with the Calaveras Visitors Bureau to secure funding from Visit California's Rural Marketing Program, and partner with both the Calaveras Visitors Bureau and existing members of the City's tourism industry to develop the plan, develop the tax, and implement the marketing efforts.

5. Work with partners and businesses to implement the plan/marketing campaigns to market Calaveras County, the City, and appropriate local businesses as sustainable tourist destinations.

6. Directly engage members of disadvantaged communities in the development of the plan and tax to understand and plan for equity concerns.

Emissions for TR-6 have been included within the quantification of TR-1 through TR-5.

Measure TR-7: Establish the City of Angels as a Pilot Program Partner with the Rural County Representatives of California (RCRC) to establish the County and the City as a pilot program for the decarbonization of the transportation sector in rural communities.

1. Work with the County to establish a regional community foundation with neighboring rural communities to fund the decarbonization of the transportation sector in rural California.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 34

2. Partner with the County to develop a vision and strategy for the regional community foundation to serve as a first-mover/pilot in the State in the decarbonization of America's rural transportation systems.

3. As a first-mover in rural America, partner with the County to pursue funding from large philanthropy such as the Bezos Earth Fund, Rockefeller Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, etc. to fund the development of a decarbonized rural transportation system.

4. Work with the County to advocate for and promote the regional community foundation as a first-mover in the decarbonization of America's rural transportation systems to the Federal Government and state and regional governments and philanthropic organizations.

5. Directly engage members of disadvantaged communities in the development of the vision and strategy to convey a clear vision that aims to benefit all members of rural communities.

6. Partner with RCRC and/or other regional organizations to develop the foundation, advocate for it, lobby state and federal agencies for funding, and establish a network of private and public partners/members.

Emissions for TR-7 have been included within the quantification of TR-1 through TR-5.

Measure TR-8: Develop a Biofuel Industry
Partner with the County, local utilities, and state agencies to develop a biofuel industry to fund the decarbonization of the transportation sector.

1. Work with the County to establish a memorandum of understanding with PG&E, CARB, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), the Department of Agriculture, forest owners, and waste management companies to establish a plan to manage biomass and organic waste through the development of biofuel infrastructure in the County to position Calaveras County and the City as a first-mover in active forest management to support California's carbon-free future.

2. Pre-zone and clear specific areas in the City for development of biofuel generation facilities.

3. Partner with the County, PG&E, and state agencies to develop a green bond to help fund the development of biofuel infrastructure in Calaveras County and the City and explore revenue options through the Low Carbon Fuel Standard.

4. Work with the County, local utilities, and state agencies to pursue grants earmarked for biofuel infrastructure from the Inflation Reduction Act.

5. Establish partnerships with organic waste haulers to collect biowaste from residential and nonresidential sources.

6. Establish a campaign to educate the waste haulers and the community on the economic and wildfire risk benefits of active forest management for bioenergy and work with the County to establish a working group/committee to involve local community members and businesses in the planning process.

7. Work with the County to create workforce development programs to train the City's local workforce for biofuel jobs. Specifically target training towards members of disadvantaged City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 35
communities and establish criteria in the planning process that prioritizes/requires the employment of Calaveras residents and businesses in the industry.

8. Establish a biofuel tax with revenue earmarked for the decarbonization of transportation or earmarked to provide incentives to purchase biofuel or carbon-neutral vehicles within the City.

Emissions for TR-8 have been included within the quantification of TR-1 through TR-5.

Measure TR-9: Obtain State Funding
Establish the City and Calaveras County as a pilot program for a rural carbon-free transportation system through State investment and grants such as California Climate Investments (CCI).

1. Partner with the County to develop a report highlighting the City's and Calaveras County's unique opportunity to become a pilot for the decarbonization of rural transportation systems in California.

2. Work with the County to secure funding from CCI and develop an investment program with private partners, including local utilities and local employers, to secure local match funding for the grants.

3. Partner with local agencies such as CCAPCD and Calaveras Connect to plan for, secure, and implement CCI grant funding.

4. Directly engage members of disadvantaged communities to analyze and convey transportation barriers in the report development.

Emissions for TR-9 have been included within the quantification of TR-1 through TR-5.

Measure TR-10: Obtain Federal Funding
Work with the County to secure federal funding from the Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Discretionary Grant Program to decarbonize the transportation sector.

1. Coordinate with the County to develop the Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Implementation Plan with a focus on expanding access to EV infrastructure disadvantaged communities, in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, and in communities with a low ratio of private parking spaces to households or a high ratio of multi-unit dwellings to single-family homes in the City.

2. Work with the County to secure significant funding from the Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Discretionary Grant Program's Community Grants by leveraging the Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Implementation Plan and the City's and County's ability to expand access to EV infrastructure within rural areas, low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, and communities with a low ratio of private parking spaces to households or a high ratio of multi-unit dwellings to single-family homes.

3. Partner with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) California Division, California Local Technical Assistance Program (CA LTAP), and/or the Office of Planning and Research to obtain technical support and train staff to help develop a successful federal grant application.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 36

4. Develop an Equity First Program to provide early funding opportunities for members of disadvantaged communities, low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, and communities with a low ratio of private parking spaces to households or a high ratio of multi-unit dwellings to single-family homes in the City.

Emissions for TR-10 have been included within the quantification of TR-1 through TR-5.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 37
Solid Waste
The measures outlined in this section aim to reduce the emissions associated with solid waste. The decomposition of organic waste in landfills and the transportation of waste to disposal facilities contribute to these emissions. To combat this issue, strategies to decrease waste generation, improve recycling and composting, and encourage sustainable materials management practices will help reduce emissions.

Solid Waste (SW)
Measure SW-1: Organic Waste Diversion
The City will implement waste management practices to support organics diversion. Programs may include providing green waste collection programs, utilizing public/private partnerships to utilize green waste in alternative uses and waste-to-energy facilities, reviewing zoning ordinance and Air Pollution Control District regulations and amendments as necessary to facilitate the development of green waste-to-energy projects and other projects that convert green waste to products, and investigating and incentivizing community composting. In addition, in accordance with General Plan Conservation and Open Space Element Policy 4.B.4 and Implementation Program 4.B.j, the City will coordinate with individuals, community groups, and publicly funded and privately managed recycling and composting providers to educate the public about the benefits of composting. Through a combination of these programs, the City will divert 75% of food and green yard waste from landfills and reduce short-lived climate pollutants compared to baseline conditions in accordance with SB 1383.

Table 13. Measure SW-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 463 516
Measure SW-2: Divert from Forward to Rock Creek Landfill Reduce truck vehicle miles traveled by diverting to Rock Creek Landfill or recycling an additional 5% of total City solid waste disposal that would otherwise be disposed at Forward Landfill.

Table 14. Measure SW-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 0.29 0.3
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 39
Water & Wastewater
The following measures aim to reduce emissions associated with water distribution and wastewater treatment. Energy-intensive treatment processes and the distribution of water and wastewater contribute to emissions in this sector. By implementing measures that improve the energy efficiency of treatment processes, and reduce water loss and treatment demands, emissions from this sector can be reduced.

Water & Wastewater (WW)
Measure WW-1: Wastewater Treatment Plant Energy Efficiency The City will reduce energy demand per gallon treated at City-operated water and wastewater treatment facilities by 5% by 2030.

Table 15. Measure WW-1 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 0.33 0.34
Measure WW-2: Use of Reclaimed (Non-Potable) Water
The City will expand use of reclaimed (non-potable) water to irrigate the 106 acres of landscaping at the City’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).

Table 16. Measure WW-2 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 0.02 0.02
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 40
Measure WW-3: Use of Reclaimed (Non-Potable) Water
In addition to the specific project listed above in Measure WW-2, the City will work with local/regional agencies to recognize appropriate uses for reclaimed water as an alternative for various land uses and keep apprised of the latest developments in the use of reclaimed water. In accordance with General Plan Land Use Element Implementation Program 1.E.d, revise landscaping standards and incorporate those standards as conditions of project approval to facilitate the use of gray water and reclaimed water systems for landscape irrigation. Additionally, the City will work with other wastewater service providers to expand the use of recycled wastewater for agricultural uses, and create incentives and rebates for greywater systems, composting toilets, or other residential retrofits in new and existing homes. Through a combination of efforts, the City will achieve a 10% reduction in total potable water use.

Table 17. Measure WW-3 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 5 5
Measure WW-4: Require Low-Flow Water Use Fixtures
The City will adopt a reach code to exceed state-level requirements by 5% for the installation of water-conserving appliances in all new residential and non-residential buildings, and the City will require design plans of new development projects to include water-saving features.

Table 18. Measure WW-4 GHG Reduction Impact (MT CO2e/Year) 2030 2045
Total 0.34 0.35
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 41
Summary
The City adopted target for the year 2030 is 40% below 1990 levels, in accordance with SB 32. The City adopted target for the year 2045 is carbon neutrality in accordance with EO B-55-18, and now AB 1279, as well. The emissions reduction targets for the City are provided in Table 19 below. Qualified plans that meet California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requirements include ones that meet or exceed SB 32.

Table 19. Forecast and Target Values
Target
Year
Business-as-Usual
Emissions
Adjusted Business-as-Usual
Forecast
Target Emissions
1990 26,458 -- --
2030 26,265 20,758 15,875
2045 28,039 17,674 0
The City’s GHGRP covers measures to reduce GHG emissions associated with the following sectors:

Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater. Table 20 summarizes the impact of each GHG reduction measure by sector and calculates the amount of GHG emissions that will be reduced by the target years: 2030 and 2045. Unquantified supportive measures were not included in the table.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 42
Table 20. GHG Reduction Summary (MT CO2e)
Measure Description 2030 2045
Energy
RE-1 Increase Community Renewable Energy 451 -
EO-1 Conduct Energy Conservation Outreach and Education 394 67 EB-1 Facilitate Energy Efficiency Retrofits 380 138
EB-2 Establish a Green Business Program 3 0
EB-3
Implement an Electrification Time-of-Replacement
Ordinance
919 2,560
NC-1 Implement Reach Codes 62 92
NC-2 Incentivize Zero Net Energy New Construction 2 12
Energy Sector Total 2,211 2,869
Transportation
TR-1 Increase EV/ZEV Adoption 3,344 5,183
TR-2*
Decarbonize the City Municipal Fleet and Employee
Commute
84 210
TR-3 Increase Active Transportation Mode Share 35 139
TR-4 Increase Public Transit Mode Share 403 1,612
TR-5 Decarbonize Off-Road Equipment and Vehicles 212 593 Transportation Sector Total 3,993 7,527
Solid Waste
SW-1 Organic Waste Diversion 463 516
SW-2 Divert from Forward to Rock Creek Landfill 0.3 0.3 Solid Waste Sector Total 464 517
Water and Wastewater
WW-1 Wastewater Treatment Plant Energy Efficiency 0.3 0.3 WW-2 Use of Reclaimed (Non-Potable) Water 0.02 0.02
WW-3 Use of Reclaimed (Non-Potable) Water 5 5
WW-4 Require Low-Flow Water Use Fixtures 0.3 0.4
Water and Wastewater Sector Total 6 6
Total GHG Reductions for All Sectors 6,674 10,919
*Not included in sector total to avoid double counting.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 43
The GHG reduction impacts per measure are summarized by sector above, then totaled to calculate the total reduction of GHG emissions via the GHGRP. The reduced total GHG emissions resulting from implementation of the GHGRP are then compared to the emissions reduction goals for each target year.

Table 21 below summarizes the total emissions under an ABAU scenario, the reduced total emissions with the implementation of the GHG reduction measures, and the emissions gap between the reduced total emissions from the GHGRP and the emissions reduction goal for each target year. The emissions gap represents the difference between where GHG emissions are predicted to be with plan implementation and where GHG emissions should be based on the City’s target setting. For example, a positive (greater than zero) value for the emissions gap means that the reduced total emissions will still exceed the emissions reduction goal; in other words, the emissions gap is the amount of reduction that is still needed to meet the targets.

Based on the total reductions provided by the GHGRP, the City would achieve its adopted 2030 target with the above measures. Additional measure planning and discussion would be required to achieve the 2045 target.

Table 21. City Inventory, Forecast, and Reduction Targets (MT CO2e) 1990 2018 2030 2045
Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecast (MT CO2e) 26,458 24,608 20,758 17,674 Target Percent Reduction below 1990 Levels -- -- 40% 100% Target Emissions Level (MT CO2e) -- -- 15,875 0
Reductions from ABAU Forecast Needed to
Achieve Target (MT CO2e)
-- -- 4,883 17,674
Total Emissions Reductions from GHGRP -- -- 6,674 10,920 Remaining Emissions Gap to Achieve Target (MT
CO2e)
-- -- (1,790) 6,754
Notes: Totals may not sum exactly due to independent rounding. The emissions gap value in parentheses indicates the target has been achieved with a surplus of emissions reductions.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 44
Figure 5 provides a snapshot of the emissions projections for the City from 1990 through 2045, broken down by sector, and in relation to these emissions, the reduction target (solid yellow line) against the implementation of the GHGRP measures (dashed yellow line). The reduction measures demonstrate a path to achieve the 2030 target.

Figure 5. ABAU Forecast with Reductions from Mitigation Measures City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 45
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 46
Chapter 6. Implementation, Monitoring & CEQA
Streamlining
Implementation & Monitoring
This chapter outlines how the City will implement the GHGRP measures described above and monitor progress towards achieving the 2030 and 2045 GHG emission reduction targets. The City has committed to reducing GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 and to achieving carbon neutrality by 2045.

Successful implementation of the GHGRP measures will determine whether the GHG emissions reduction targets are met. As a result, measures must be regularly assessed and continuously monitored to ensure: 1) All measures include clearly defined steps necessary for implementation; 2) Individual measures are contributing to the overall GHG reduction target; 3) The GHGRP is on track to achieve its overall GHG reduction targets; and 4) Beneficial community outcomes are attained. This Implementation & Monitoring section summarizes the GHGRP Measures and assigns a City Department lead and support, and implementation timeline for a successful outcome.

Implementation of the GHGRP includes a combination of regulations, programs, incentives, capital improvements, and educational activities. City efforts complement and build on other federal and State efforts. Because City efforts align with federal and State priorities, it is anticipated that the City will be able to take advantage of public funding opportunities, such as funding programs made available through the Inflation Reduction Act. Regular monitoring will allow the City to track the effectiveness of the GHGRP measures, update the emissions inventory, and make adjustments to keep on track toward achieving the GHG emissions reduction targets. The GHGRP may need to be updated to reflect and respond to changing technology, federal and state regulations, demographics, funding opportunities, and market conditions to be effective.

After adoption, the GHGRP will continue to be maintained by the Community Development Department. Ideally, the City can form an oversight committee for implementing the measures with the partners identified. Budgeting for implementation of GHGRP measures will occur as part of the annual budgeting process for each lead and supporting department and grants will be pursued as applicable. The City commits to preparing an annual progress report on the progress of each measure annually and conducting comprehensive GHG emissions inventories at least every two years. Staff will track progress against the expected quantified outcome of each GHGRP measure. Departments responsible for contributing to the implementation of each GHGRP measure are listed below in Table

22. Table 22 includes a relative cost associated with each measure represented by dollar signs as follows: $ = Low Cost; $$ = Medium Cost; and $$$ = High Cost. Table 22 also includes an estimated timeframe to implement each measure. It is anticipated that a comprehensive update to the GHGRP will occur approximately every five years to respond to changes in federal and state regulations, reflect City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 47
major changes to emissions sources and opportunities for emissions reduction, and for consistency with other City land use planning efforts.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 48
Table 22. GHGRP Implementation Plan
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 49
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
Energy
Measure RE-1: Increase Community
Renewable Energy
Convert 50% of existing residential grid
electricity and 30% of existing commercial
grid electricity to renewable electricity by
2030.

Education
Funding/Grant writing
Technical Assistance
Incentive Programs
Capital Improvements
City Administration
Community
Development
Partners: Utica Water
and Power Authority,
Yosemite Clean Energy
2023-2030 $$$
Measure RE-2: Promote On-Site
Renewable Energy Generation
(Government Operations)
Support efforts on available
government-owned land or buildings to
increase renewable and carbon-free energy
generation, including, wind, solar, hydro,
and biomass. Promote on-site renewable
energy generation and energy storage.

Evaluate the renewable energy potential
and assess barriers to increased renewable
energy generation.

Education
Feasibility Study
Funding/Grant Writing
Capital Improvements
City Administration
Community
Development
Partners: Utica Water
and Power Authority,
Yosemite Clean
Energy, Calaveras
Council of
Governments
2023-2030 $$ - $$$
Measure EO-1: Conduct Energy
Conservation Outreach and Education
Reduce existing and new residential and
commercial energy use (all sources) by 12%
in 2030 and 2045 through robust energy
conservation outreach and education.

Education
Regional Collaboration
Incentive Programs
Community
Development
Partners: Habitat for
Humanity, Amador
Tuolumne Community
Action Agency, PG&E
2023-2045 $
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 50
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
Measure EB-1: Facilitate Energy Efficiency
Retrofits
Reduce existing residential building energy
use by 10% in 2030 and 25% in 2045
through energy efficiency retrofits. Reduce
existing commercial buildings energy use
by 15% in 2030 and 30% in 2045 through
energy efficiency retrofits.

Funding/Grant Writing
Education
Incentive Programs
Community
Development
Partners: Habitat for
Humanity, Amador
Tuolumne Community
Action Agency, PG&E
2023-2045 $$
Measure EB-2: Establish a Green Business
Program
Achieve participation of 5% of businesses in
2030 and 2045 within a Green Business
Program. Reduce existing and new
commercial energy use (all sources) by 10%
in 2030 and 2045.

Technical Assistance
Education
Incentive Programs
Community
Development
2023-2045 $
Measure EB-3: Implement an
Electrification Time-of-Replacement
Ordinance
At equipment end of life, replace 45% of
existing residential and commercial natural
gas and propane water heaters with electric
alternatives by 2030 and 90% by 2045
(based on 10-year life and 10%
non-compliance). At equipment end of life,
replace 23% of natural gas, propane, and
wood space heaters with electric
alternatives by 2030 and 90% by 2045
(based on 20-year life and 10%
non-compliance).

Ordinance
Incentive Programs
Funding/Grant Writing
Community
Development
Partners: Habitat for
Humanity, Amador
Tuolumne Community
Action Agency, PG&E
2025-2045 $
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 51
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
Measure EB-4: Improve Building Energy
Efficiency of Government Operations
Pursue grants to improve the energy
efficiency of existing City-owned buildings
and infrastructure whenever a project is
undertaken to improve or maintain them.

This includes maintenance or improvement
of both interior and exterior (streetlight,
parking lot lighting, traffic signals, and
other outdoor area lighting) operations.

Energy efficiency improvements include
retrofits or
commissioning/retro-commissioning to
HVAC, lighting, controls, sensors, building
envelope, and any other energy loads.

Funding/Grant Funding
Capital Improvements
Community
Development
Public Works
City Administration
Angels Camp Fire
Department
Angels Camp Police
Department
Angels Camp Museum
2023-2045 $-$$
Measure NC-1: Implement Reach Codes
Achieve a 53% efficiency improvement for
new residential buildings and 30%
efficiency improvement for new
commercial buildings through the
implementation of reach codes and green
building standards by 2030 and 2045. This
assumes ordinance adoption by 2025.

Ordinance
Technical Assistance
Funding/Grant Writing
Incentive Programs
Community
Development
City Administration
Partners: Habitat for
Humanity, Amador
Tuolumne Community
Action Agency, PG&E
2025-2045 $-$$
Measure NC-2: Incentivize Zero Net Energy
New Construction
Achieve participation of zero net energy
construction by 5% of new residential and
commercial buildings by 2030 and 15% by
2045. This assumes ordinance adoption by
2025.

Funding/Grant Writing
Ordinance
Technical Assistance
Incentive Programs
Community
Development
Partners: Habitat for
Humanity, PG&E
2025-2045 $-$$
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 52
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
Transportation
Measure TR-1: Increase EV/ZEV Adoption
Implement items 1 through 12 described in
Chapter 5. GHG Reduction Measures, to
increase the ownership and use of EVs and
ZEVs by installing EV charging ports and
supporting a regionally-connected EV
charging infrastructure network. Increase
EV and ZEV adoption to 30% for passenger
vehicles and 30% for commercial vehicles
within the City by 2030.

Funding/Grant Writing
Feasibility Study
Capital Improvements
Ordinance
Education
Regional Collaboration
EV/NEV Plan
Community
Development
City Administration
Partners: Calaveras
Council of
Governments,
Calaveras Visitor’s
Bureau
2023-2030 $$
Measure TR-2: Decarbonize the City
Municipal Fleet and Employee Commute
Implement items 1 through 8 described in
Chapter 5. GHG Reduction Measures, to
decarbonize the City’s municipal fleet and
related commuter vehicles to achieve a
40% ZEV fleet by 2030.

Policy
Funding/Grant Writing
Feasibility Study
Capital Improvements
Regional Collaboration
Education
Incentive Programs
City Administration
Public Works 2023-2045 $$
Measure TR-3: Increase Active
Transportation Mode Share
Implement items 1 through 10 described in
Chapter 5. GHG Reduction Measures, to
increase active transportation mode share
within the City 2% by 2030.

Funding/Grant Writing
Capital Improvements
Education Program
Regional Collaboration
Community
Development
City Administration
Partner: Calaveras
Council of
Governments
2023-2045 $$
Measure TR-4: Increase Public Transit
Mode Share
Implement items 1 through 8 described in
Chapter 5. GHG Reduction Measures, to
increase public transit mode share to 10%
by 2030.

Funding/Grant Writing
Feasibility Study
Education Program
Regional Collaboration
Community
Development
City Administration
Partners: Calaveras
Council of
2023-2045 $$
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 53
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
Governments, local
school districts
Measure TR-5: Decarbonize Off-road
Equipment and Vehicles
Implement items 1 through 9 described in
Chapter 5. GHG Reduction Measures, to
decarbonize 25% of the off-road equipment
and vehicles in the City by 2030.

Feasibility Study
Ordinance
Technical Assistance
Education
Funding/Grant Writing
Regional Collaboration
Training
Public Works
City Administration
2024-2045 $$
Measure TR-6: Create a Tourism Economy
Implement items 1 through 6 as described
in Ch.5 GHG Reduction Measures, to partner
with the County to develop a tourism
economy to help fund the decarbonization
of the transportation sector.

New Transient Occupancy or Gas
Tax
Education
Regional Collaboration
Funding/Grant Writing
City Administration
Partners: County
Administration,
Calaveras Visitor’s
Bureau
2023-2045 $
Measure TR-7: Establish Angels Camp as a
Pilot Program
Implement items 1 through 6 as described
in Ch.5 GHG Reduction Measures, to partner
with RCRC to establish Calaveras County
and Angels Camp as a pilot program for the
decarbonization of the transportation
sector in rural communities
Regional Collaboration
Funding/Grant Writing
Education
City Administration
Community
Development
Partners: County
Administration,RCRC,
Calaveras Visitor’s
Bureau, Calaveras
Chamber of
Commerce
2023-2045 $
Measure TR-8: Develop a Biofuel Industry
Implement items 1 through 8 as described
in Ch.5 GHG Reduction Measures, to partner
with the County, local utilities, and state
agencies to develop a biofuel industry to
Regional Collaboration
Funding/Grant Writing
Education
City Administration
Community
Development
Partners: County
Administration,
Yosemite Clean
2023-2045 $$$
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 54
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
fund the decarbonization of the
transportation sector.

Energy, Calaveras
Council of
Governments
Measure TR-9: Obtain State Funding
Implement items 1 through 4 in Ch.5 GHG
Reduction Measures, to establish Angels
Camp and Calaveras County as a pilot
program for a rural carbon-free
transportation system through State
investment and grants such as CCI.

Regional Collaboration
Funding/Grant Writing
Education
City Administration
Community
Development
Partners: Calaveras
County
Administration,
Yosemite Clean
Energy, Calaveras
Council of
Governments
2023-2045 $
Measure TR-10: Obtain Federal Funding
Implement items 1 through 4 in Ch.5 GHG
Reduction Measures, to work with the
County to secure federal funding from the
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure
Discretionary Grant Program to
decarbonize the transportation sector.

Regional Collaboration
Funding/Grant Writing
Education
Technical Assistance
Lobbying
City Administration
Community
Development
Partners: Calaveras
Council of
Governments; Federal
elected officials
2023-2045 $
Solid Waste
Measure SW-1: Organic Waste Diversion
The City will implement waste
management practices to support organics
Regional Collaboration
Funding/Grant Writing
Education
Community
Development/Public
Works
2023-2045 $
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 55
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
diversion to reduce the amount of organic
materials in the waste stream and divert
75% of food and green yard waste from
landfills while reducing short-lived climate
pollutants compared to baseline conditions
in accordance with SB 1383.

Technical Assistance City Administration
Partners: CalWaste,
Local businesses
Measure SW-2: Divert from Forward to
Rock Creek Landfill
Reduce truck vehicle miles traveled by
diverting to Rock Creek Landfill or recycling
an additional 5% of total City solid waste
disposal that would otherwise be disposed
at Forward Landfill.

Policy
County Solid Waste
City Administration
Partner: CalWaste
2023-2045 $
Water & Wastewater
Measure WW-1: Wastewater Treatment
Plant Energy Efficiency
The City will reduce energy demand per
gallon treated at City-operated water and
wastewater treatment facilities by 5% by
2030.

Capital Improvements
Funding/Grant Writing
Public Works 2023-2045 $$
Measure WW-2: Use of Reclaimed
(Non-Potable) Water
The City will expand use of reclaimed
(non-potable) water to irrigate the 106
acres of landscaping at the City’s WWTP.

Capital Improvements
Funding/Grant Writing
Public Works 2023-2045 $$
Measure WW-3: Use of Reclaimed
(Non-Potable) Water
In addition to the specific project listed
above in Measure WW-2, the City will work
Regional Collaboration
Ordinance
Funding/Grant Writing
Incentive Programs
Public Works
City Administration
2023-2045 $$
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 56
Summary of GHGRP Measure Type of Action Needed
City Lead/Supporting
Departments and
Partners
Implementation
Timeframe
Relative
Cost
with local/regional agencies to recognize
appropriate uses for reclaimed water as an
alternative for various land uses and keep
apprised of the latest developments in the
use of reclaimed water to achieve a 10%
reduction in total potable water use.

Partners: Local
development
Community
Measure WW-4: Require Low-Flow Water
Use Fixtures
The City will adopt a reach code to exceed
state-level requirements by 5% for the
installation of water-conserving appliances
in all new residential and non-residential
buildings, and the City will require design
plans of new development projects to
include water-saving features.

Ordinance
Education
Incentive Programs
City Administration
Community
Development
Partner: Habitat for
Humanity
2023-2045 $
CEQA Streamlining
The City has prepared this GHGRP to be consistent with Section 15183.5 of CEQA Guidelines, Tiering and Streamlining the Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Plans for reducing GHG emissions that are determined adequate for CEQA tiering are typically referred to as a “qualified plan”. A qualified plan allows a lead agency to analyze and mitigate potential environmental impacts related to GHG emissions at the programmatic level. Future projects can tier from the plan analysis; that is, the proposed project may incorporate by reference or rely on the programmatic analysis to evaluate project impacts. A public or private project that demonstrates consistency with the qualified plan and incorporates applicable reduction measures would also be determined to have a less than significant cumulative impact related to GHG emissions. A qualified plan streamlines individual project analysis and allows for consistency across project analysis to achieve Citywide goals, rather than determining GHG emissions significance on a case-by-case basis. To be considered a qualified plan, the GHGRP must meet the following criteria outlined in CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b)(1):
a) Quantify greenhouse gas emissions, both existing and projected over a specified time period, resulting from activities within a defined geographic area; b) Establish a level, based on substantial evidence, below which the contribution to GHG emissions from activities covered by the plan would not be cumulatively considerable; c) Identify and analyze the GHG emissions resulting from specific actions or categories of actions anticipated within the geographic area;
d) Specify measures or a group of measures, including performance standards, that substantial evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a project-by-project basis, would collectively achieve the specified emissions level;
e) Establish a mechanism to monitor the plan’s progress toward achieving the level and to require amendment if the plan is not achieving specified levels; f) Be adopted in a public process following environmental review.

Chapter 2 of this GHGRP includes the inventory of existing and projected GHG emissions from community actions in the City. Chapter 5 outlines the suite of GHG reduction measures that would reduce community emissions to achieve the SB 32 statewide emissions reduction goal of 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, and put the City on the path to achieving its fair share contribution to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. As such, this GHGRP is consistent with Criteria a, c, and d. This chapter outlines how the City would monitor plan progress in accordance with Criteria e. The appropriate CEQA document will be prepared for this GHGRP and adopted by the City, as required by Criteria f.

Finally, in accordance with Criteria b, the City will outline a process for individual projects to determine consistency with the GHGRP.

The City will develop a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan Consistency Checklist for consistency with the GHGRP. The Consistency Checklist will apply to discretionary projects that are subject to CEQA. A project that is consistent with the land use assumptions in the GHGRP (i.e., consistent with the General Plan) and demonstrates consistency with applicable GHGRP reduction strategies can be determined to be consistent with the GHGRP without a project-specific quantitative GHG analysis. As such, public and City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 57
private discretionary projects may use this GHGRP to evaluate the potential significance of project-related GHG emissions in the CEQA process. Following the CEQA process and development of the GHGRP Consistency Checklist, a project that demonstrates consistency with the GHGRP as outlined in the process above would be determined to have a less than significant cumulative impact related to GHG emissions. If, and until, the GHGRP Consistency Checklist is developed, a discretionary project must show consistency with the GHGRP if streamlining using this qualified plan.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 58
Appendices
Appendix A. City of Angels Revised Inventory and Forecast Amendment Introduction
The City of Angels Community-Wide and Government Operations 2018 Greenhouse Gas Inventories Report (hereafter referred to as “original report”) was adopted by the City of Angels (City) in November 2021. Since the adoption of the original report, the consultant team recognized that the availability of new data and techniques, as well as the use of best practices aligned with State of California’s (State’s) GHG emissions inventories, could be used to refine the City’s emissions estimates for the 2018 inventory and 2030 and 2045 ABAU forecasts. This City of Angels Revised Inventory and Forecast Amendment technical memorandum (hereafter referred to as “revised report”) summarizes the original and updated GHG emissions estimates, describes the changes that were made to the original report, and explains the rationale behind the revisions.

Summary of Emissions
The City’s GHG emissions estimates in the original report and revised report for 2018, 2030, and 2045 are displayed in Tables A-1 and A-2 below. Table A-2 reflects the update to the Government Operations Inventory, which does not have a corresponding forecast, so only 2018 numbers were included. The percent change in total GHG emissions between the two reports is also shown. The GHG emissions for the forecast years (i.e., 2030 and 2045) reflect the ABAU scenario. Specific descriptions of the revisions that resulted in changes to emissions are described in the following section. Total percentages may not sum exactly due to independent rounding.

Table A-1. Original Report and Revised Report Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts by Sector Summary (MTCO2e) 2018 2030 2045
Sector Original Revised Original Revised Original Revised Energy 5,667 5,639 4,289 4,733 3,363 3,362
Transportation 18,437 17,879 15,386 14,881 13,594 13,136 Solid Waste 1,037 1,037 1,089 1,089 1,120 1,120
Water & Wastewater 53 52.4 55 55 57 57
Total 25,193 24,608 20,819 20,758 18,134 17,674
Percent Change -2.3% -0.3% -2.5%
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 59
Table A-2. Original Report and Revised Report Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory by Sector Summary (MTCO2e)
Overview of Revisions
Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Data
When the GHG emissions analyses for the original report were conducted, CARB’s OFFROAD2017 model provided the best available data for off-road vehicles and equipment. To provide more accurate data associated with off-road vehicles and equipment, CARB updated the previous models and released a new version, OFFROAD2021. The revised report incorporates the updated data obtained from OFFROAD2021 to improve the accuracy of off-road-related emissions estimates for the city.

Additionally, OFFROAD2021 provides data at the countywide level, rather than at the level of individual jurisdictions (e.g., City of Angels). The data obtained from OFFROAD2021 for the revised report included certain classes of off-road vehicles and equipment that are not relevant to the city, including agricultural, forestry, industrial, oil drilling, and pleasure craft vehicles and equipment. Because activities associated with these classes are nonexistent or very minimal in the city, they were excluded from the revised report.

The revisions described above resulted in significant reductions in GHG emissions from off-road vehicles and equipment, particularly in 2018, but total transportation sector emissions (i.e., on-road transportation and off-road vehicles and equipment) only decreased slightly.

Table A-3 below displays off-road vehicles and equipment and total transportation sector GHG emissions in the original and revised reports.

City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 60
2018
Sector Original Revised
Buildings & Facilities 38 12
Vehicle Fleet 210 210
Employee Commute 137 137
Solid Waste 44 44
Water & Wastewater 82 53
Total 511 456
Percent Change -10.8%
Table A-3. Original Report and Revised Report Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment and Transportation Sector Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)
Report and Source/Sector 2018 2030 2045
Original Report: Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment 1200 1,354 1,386 Revised Report: Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment 642 848 988 Original Report: Total Transportation 18,436 15,386 13,594 Revised Report: Total Transportation 17,879 14,881 13,136 Calaveras Public Power Agency Emissions Factor
To estimate emissions from Calaveras Public Power Agency (CPPA) electricity, the original report used a carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions factor of 40.79 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (lb CO2/MWh) obtained from the International Hydropower Association. To better align with the methodology that is used by CARB to prepare the State’s annual statewide GHG emissions inventories, the CPPA electricity emissions factor for CO2 was revised to 0 lb CO2/MWh for both Community-Wide and Government Operations inventories. CPPA supplies the City with electricity that is generated from hydroelectric sources, and hydroelectric power is considered a renewable (i.e., zero-emission) source in California. 27 This revision contributed to a minor reduction in commercial energy GHG emissions in 2018 and 2030 due to the elimination of emissions associated with CPPA electricity; however, additional revisions associated with forecasted electricity emissions factors, described in the “Electricity Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast” section below, offset these minor reductions, resulting in a net increase in total commercial energy GHG emissions in the revised report in 2030.

Tables A-4 and A-5 below display CPPA electricity and total commercial energy sector GHG emissions in the original and revised reports for both community-wide and government operations. 27 https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/inventory/2000-2020_ghg_inventory_trends.pdf City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 61
Table A-4. Original Report and Revised Report CPPA Electricity and Commercial Energy Sector Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Report and Source/Sector 2018 2030 2045
Original Report: CPPA Commercial Electricity 27 16 0
Revised Report: CPPA Commercial Electricity 0 0 0
Original Report: Total Commercial Energy 1,207 520 64
Revised Report: Total Commercial Energy 1,180 718 64
Table A-5. Original Report and Revised Report CPPA Electricity Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)
Report and Source/Sector 2018
Original Report: CPPA Electricity from Buildings & Facilities 25.9 Revised Report: CPPA Electricity from Buildings & Facilities 0 Original Report: Total Buildings & Facilities Emissions 38.3 Revised Report: Total Buildings & Facilities Emissions 12.4 Original Report: CPPA Electricity from Water & Wastewater 29.6 Revised Report: CPPA Electricity from Water & Wastewater 0 Original Report: Total Water & Wastewater Emissions 82.3 Revised Report: Total Water & Wastewater Emissions 52.8 Electricity Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast
The ABAU forecasts in the original report accounted for the impact of the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) included in SB 100. The RPS sets continuously escalating renewable energy procurement requirements for electricity utilities in California, with targets to achieve 60% and 100%renewable electricity by 2030 and 2045, respectively. These requirements were incorporated into the ABAU forecasts by calculating future electricity emissions factors based on the anticipated change in the share of renewable sources between the 2018 baseline year and the 2030 and 2045 forecast years.

During the process of developing GHG emissions reduction measure quantifications, the consultant team discovered that the methodology used in the original report’s ABAU forecasts needed to be City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 62
revised slightly to more accurately reflect the impact of the RPS requirement. The original report slightly overestimated the decrease in electricity emissions factors that are anticipated to result from the RPS. Therefore, the revised methodology resulted in an increase in electricity-related emissions in the 2030 ABAU forecast.

Table A-6 below displays electricity and total energy sector GHG emissions in the original and revised reports.

Table A-6. Original Report and Revised Report Community-Wide Electricity and Energy Sector GHG Emissions Inventory and ABAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Report and Source/Sector 2018 2030 2045
Original Report: Electricity (all sources) 2,557 1,023 0 Revised Report: Electricity (all sources) 2,529 1,467 0 Original Report: Total Energy 5,667 4,289 3,362
Revised Report: Total Energy 5,639 4,733 3,362
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 63
Appendix B. Original GHG Inventory and Forecast: City of Angels Community-Wide and Government Operations 2018 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories

DOCUMENT ATTACHED BELOW
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 64

Credits & Acknowledgements
City of Angels Camp
Amy Augustine, AICP, City Planner
Calaveras Council of Governments
Amber Collins, Executive Director
Scott Speer, Associate Transportation Planner
Sierra Business Council
Report Authors
Meredith Anderson, Planning Technician
Sherry Hao, Energy Services Program Director
Justine Quealy, Project Manager
Jill Sanford, Communications Manager
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Andrew Beecher, Sustainability Planner
Kelsey Bennett, Environmental / Sustainability Senior Program Manager Erik Feldman, Sustainability Principal
Harris & Associates
Darin Neufeld, Senior Project Manager
Completed with support from the Calaveras Council of Governments. The authors would like to thank staff at Angels Camp, the Calaveras Council of Governments, and special districts for providing much of the insight and local information necessary for the completion of this report. 1 Table of Contents
Credits & Acknowledgements 1
Executive Summary 8
Key Findings of the Community-Wide GHG Emissions Inventory 9 Key Findings of the Government Operations GHG Emissions Inventory 10 Introduction 12
Community Profile 13
California Climate Policy & Goals 14
Climate Change in the Sierra Nevada 15
Inventory Development 17
GHG Emissions Inventory 18
Inventory Methodologies 18
Understanding a GHG Emissions Inventory 18
Emissions Protocols 18
U.S. Community Protocol 18
Local Government Operations Protocol 19
Greenhouse Gas Global Warming Potential 19
Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions 20
Sources and Activities 20
Forecast Methodology 21
Community-Wide Inventory Results 22
Community-Wide GHG Emissions Summary 22
Key Findings 22
Overview of 2018 Community-Wide Inventory 23
Energy 24
Transportation 25
Solid Waste 27
Water and Wastewater 28
Government Operations Inventory Results 29
Government Operations GHG Emissions Summary 30
Key Findings 30
Overview of 2018 Government Operations Inventory 30
Buildings and Facilities 31
2 Vehicle Fleet 32
Employee Commute 33
Solid Waste 34
Water and Wastewater 35
Emissions Forecasting 37
Business-as-Usual Forecasts 37
Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecasts 39
GHG Reduction Targets 42
Conclusion 44
Appendices 48
Community-Wide Inventory Appendices 48
Appendix A. Residential Energy 48
Methods 48
Utility-Derived Data 48
Non-Utility Derived Data 50
Electricity Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Losses Data 50 Appendix B. Non-Residential (Commercial) Energy Use Sector Notes 50 Methods 51
Utility-Derived Data 51
Non-Utility Derived Data 52
Electricity Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Losses Data 52 Appendix C. Community Transportation Sector Notes 52
Methods 53
On-Road Vehicles 53
Fuel / Vehicle Type Breakdown and Emissions Calculations 54 Off-Road Emissions 54
Appendix D. Community Solid Waste Sector Notes 55
Methods 56
Community-Generated Solid Waste 56
Solid Waste Transportation 56
Appendix E. Community Potable Water Use Sector Notes 56 Methods 57
Community Potable Water Electricity Use 57
Appendix F. Community Wastewater Treatment Sector Notes 57 Methods 58
3 Community Wastewater Treatment Electricity Use 58
Community Wastewater Treatment Facility Process and Fugitive Emissions 59 Uncertainties 59
Government Operations Inventory Appendices 60
Appendix G. Buildings and Facilities Sector Notes 60
Methods 61
Appendix H. Vehicle Fleet Sector Notes 61
Methods 62
Appendix I. Employee Commute Sector Notes 63
Methods 66
Appendix J. Solid Waste Sector Notes 66
Methods 67
Appendix K. City Operations Potable Water Electricity Use 68 Methods 68
City Operations Potable Water Electricity Use 68
Appendix L. City Operations Wastewater Treatment Sector Notes 69 Methods 70
Wastewater Treatment Energy Use 70
Wastewater Treatment Facility Process and Fugitive Emissions 70 Forecast Data & Growth Rate Appendices 70
Appendix M. Forecast 70
Methods 70
Appendix N. Growth Rates 76
Appendix O. Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 78 Tables & Figures
Figure ES-1: 2018 Emissions Summary 10
Figure ES-2: 2018 Emissions Summary 11
Table 1. Greenhouse Gas Global Warming Potentials 20
Figure 1. 2018 Emissions Summary 23
Table 2. 2018 Emissions Summary 23
Figure 2. Emissions by Energy Type 25
4 Table 3. Energy Activity Data and Emissions 25
Figure 3. On-Road and Off-Road Emissions 26
Table 4. Vehicle Miles Traveled and Emissions from Transportation 26 Table 5. Solid Waste Generation Data and Emissions 27
Figure 4. Solid Waste Emissions 27
Table 6. Electricity Use for Potable Water Supply 28
Table 7. Electricity Use for Wastewater Treatment 28
Table 8. Wastewater Treatment Process Data 28
Figure 5. Water and Wastewater Emissions 29
Figure 6. 2018 Emissions Summary 31
Table 9. 2018 Emissions Summary 31
Figure 7. Emissions from Buildings and Facilities Energy Use 32 Table 10. Energy Use and Emissions from City Buildings and Facilities 32 Figure 8. Vehicle Fleet Emissions 33
Table 11. Vehicle Fleet Breakdown and Emissions 33
Table 12. Employee Commute VMT Breakdown and Emissions 34 Figure 9. Employee Commute Emissions 34
Table 13. City Facility-Generated Solid Waste 35
Figure 10. Emissions from City Facility-Generated Solid Waste 35 Table 14. City-Operated Potable Water Supply Electricity 36 Table 15. City-Operated Wastewater Treatment Electricity 36 Table 16. Wastewater Treatment Process Data 36
Figure 11. Water and Wastewater Emissions 36
Table 17. Business-as-Usual Emissions Forecast Variables & Data Sources 38 Table 18. Business-as-Usual Forecasted Emissions by Sector (MT CO2e) (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 39
Figure 12. City-Wide Business-as-Usual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 39 Table 19. Adjusted Business-as-Usual Emissions Forecast Variables & Data Sources 40 Table 20. Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecasted Emissions by Sector (MT CO2e) (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 41 5 Figure 13. City-Wide Adjusted Business-as-Usual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 41 Table 21. GHG Emissions Reduction Targets 43
Figure 14. 2018 Community-Wide GHG Emissions 45
Figure 15. 2018 Government Operations GHG Emissions 46
Table A-1. Residential Activity Data 48
Table A-2. Residential GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 49 Table A-3. 2018 Residential Non-Utility Home Heating Fuel Use Calculations (EIA/ACS) 49 Table B-1. Non-Residential Activity Data 50
Table B-2. Non-Residential GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 51 Table B-3. 2018 Non-Residential Non-Utility Heating Fuel Use Calculations (EIA) 52 Table C-1. Community Transportation Activity Data 53
Table C-2. Community Transportation GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 53 Table D-1. Community Solid Waste Activity Data 55
Table D-2. Community Solid Waste GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 55 Table E-1. Community Potable Water Electricity Use Activity Data 56 Table E-2. Community Potable Water GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 57 Table F-1. Community Wastewater Treatment Electricity Use Activity Data 57 Table F-2. Community Wastewater Treatment GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 58
Table F-3. Community Wastewater Treatment Operations Activity Data 59 Table G-1. Buildings and Facilities Electricity and Natural Gas Activity Data 60 Table G-2. Buildings and Facilities GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 60 Table H-1. Vehicle Fleet Activity Data 61
Table H-2. Vehicle Fleet GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 61 Figure I-1. Employee Commute Survey 63
Table I-1. Employee Commute Activity Data 65
Table I-2: Employee Commute GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 66 Table J-1. Government Operations Solid Waste Activity Data 66 Table J-2. Solid Waste Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 67 Table K-1. City Operations Potable Water Electricity Use Activity Data 68 6 Table K-2. City Operations Potable Water GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 68 Table L-1. City Operations Wastewater (WW) Electricity Use Activity Data 69 Table L-2. Energy Use GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors 69 Table L-3. City Operations Wastewater Treatment Facility Data 70 Table M-1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Business-as-Usual Forecast (2021 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 72 Table M-2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Business-as-Usual Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 73 Table M-3. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast (2021 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 74 Table M-4. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 75 Table N-1. Growth Rate Indicators & Sources for Business-as-Usual Forecast 76 Table N-2. Growth Rate Indicators & Sources for Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast 77 Table N-3. Population, Employment, and VMT Projections (County Data*) 77 7 Executive Summary
The City of Angels Camp (City) is addressing reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by taking climate planning action. This report serves as a guidepost to local GHG emissions reduction efforts, including future development of the City’s GHG Reduction Plan that will address emissions resulting from energy use
1 , transportation, solid waste disposal,
treatment and transport of potable water and wastewater. Through these planning efforts, the City can achieve benefits beyond reducing emissions, including saving money – both community members’ and the City’s, improving economic vitality, public health, and the quality of life for residents and other community members.

This project has been split into two phases. Phase I establishes a replicable methodology for analyzing current and projected GHG emissions, develops a baseline measurement to benchmark progress over time, and proposes initial reduction targets. Phase II of this project includes developing emissions reduction plans outlining strategies, goals, and priority actions to reduce emissions consistent with state requirements, as well as communicating progress to the public, stakeholders, and policymakers. These actions will help to implement the City’s General Plan goals, air quality goals, facilitate new development, and other compliance issues related to GHG emissions reductions.

This report documents the results of community-wide and government operations GHG emissions inventories from sources within the City in 2018. Community-wide activities resulted in the emissions of 25,193 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e), which equates to a per capita emissions value of 6.46 MT CO2e per year. City government operations generated 511 MT CO2e. Key findings from each inventory are listed below.

More detailed discussion of each inventory is provided in the Community-Wide Inventory Results and the Government Operations Inventory Results sections.

In addition, the inventory projects the City’s GHG emissions from 2018 out to 2045, based on a business-as-usual (BAU) forecast and an adjusted scenario forecast (ABAU) of community-wide GHG emissions
2 . The 2045 forecasts project an increase for the BAU
scenario and a decrease for the ABAU scenario from the 2018 baseline. Under the BAU scenario, emissions are projected to increase by 12.7%, equating to 28,378 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 2045. Under the ABAU scenario, emissions are projected to 2 Note: this does not include forecasting projections for wildfire. 1 As of the published date of this report, the specific impacts of Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS) events on GHG emissions in Calaveras County are unknown. The first PSPS event took place in 2019, which is after the baseline year of 2018 used for this report. As energy sector data from 2019 and on becomes available, this can be used for future inventories and re-inventories of community-wide and government operations GHG emissions.
8 decrease by 28.0%, equating to 18,133 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 2045. The report also includes emissions reduction target recommendations for the City to consider. More detailed information is provided in the Emissions Forecasting and GHG Reduction Targets sections.

The Calaveras County and Angels Camp GHG inventories and reduction plans project also includes a wildfire report, a separate assessment that analyzes the carbon storage inventories for the County’s and City’s natural and working lands, potential GHG emissions impact from wildfires, climate change vulnerability assessment related to wildfire, and wildfire impact reduction best practices. The 2020 Calaveras County natural and working lands total carbon stock inventories was calculated to be 74 million MT CO2e. In the unlikely scenario that the majority of the deciduous and mixed forests in Calaveras County were to burn over multiple future wildfire events, the forested land has an emissions potential of over 8 million MT CO2from the conversion of carbon stocks to atmospheric carbon. Forest management can reduce the intensity and severity of wildfires in Calaveras County, reducing the GHG emissions potential per acre of forested land from 21.7 MT CO2/acre burned down to 9.3 MT CO2/acre burned. The full wildfire report can be viewed in Appendix O, Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment.

With support from the Calaveras Council of Governments (CCOG) and guidance from City staff, Sierra Business Council (SBC), along with subconsultant team of Rincon Consultants and Harris & Associates, completed all emissions estimates in accordance with the United States Community Protocol
3 (USCP) and the Local Government Operations Protocol
4 (LGOP). Details on the inventory boundaries and the protocols can be found in the Inventory Methodologies section of this report.

Key Findings of the Community-Wide GHG Emissions
Inventory
In 2018, sources within the City, and activities of the City’s residents, businesses, and visitors emitted 25,193 MT CO2e. These emissions are attributed to four different sectors:
energy use, transportation, solid waste, and water and wastewater. The transportation sector was the most significant contributor of emissions. In summary:
● Transportation accounted for 73.2%
4 Local Government Operations Protocol (2021). The Climate Registry. 3 U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2021). ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability USA.
9 ● Energy use accounted for 22.5%
● Emissions from solid waste accounted for 4.1%
● Water and wastewater accounted for 0.2%
Figure ES-1: 2018 Emissions Summary
Key Findings of the Government Operations GHG
Emissions Inventory
In 2018, City government operations generated 511 MT CO2e for the sectors reported in this inventory. The vehicle fleet sector was the most significant contributor of emissions. ● Emissions from the City’s vehicle fleet accounted for 41.0% ● Emissions from City employee commutes accounted for 26.8% ● City-owned and operated water and wastewater facilities accounted for 16.1% ● Emissions from City facility-generated solid waste accounted for 8.6% ● Energy from the City’s buildings and facilities accounted for 7.5% 10 Figure ES-2: 2018 Emissions Summary
11 Introduction
California's legislature and regulatory agencies have established policies relating to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, including the California Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32, 2006) and others discussed in more detail in the California Climate & Policy Goals section of the report. Due to these drivers and other motivations, many of California’s local governments and communities are quantifying and reducing their GHG emissions. The City of Angels Camp (City) has responded to California’s climate action planning process by developing goals and policies for GHG emissions reductions in its 2020 General Plan Update and subsequently developing community-wide and government operations inventories for the year 2018 to implement those policies. This report documents the findings and methodologies of those inventories. With support from Calaveras Council of Governments (CCOG) and guidance from City staff, Sierra Business Council (SBC), along with the subconsultant team of Rincon Consultants and Harris & Associates, completed emissions estimates in accordance with the United States Community Protocol (USCP) and the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP). These protocols outline widely adopted and accepted methods for performing GHG inventories and are recommended by state agencies for local governments. More information on the inventory boundaries and the protocols used to develop the inventories is provided in the Inventory Methodologies section of the report.

GHG emissions are air pollutants as defined by the U.S. Supreme Court and subject to regulation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the federal Clean Air Act and the State of California under the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32). These gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). It is important to note that each of these gases has different potency, or ability to contribute to global warming. For the purposes of this inventory and in accordance with USCP and LGOP, all gases have been converted to their equivalent in carbon dioxide or CO2e.

The City’s inventory report presents a detailed accounting of GHGs emitted by source. In addition, the inventory projects the City’s community-wide GHG emissions from 2018 to 2030, 2035, and 2045 based on business-as-usual (BAU) and adjusted scenario (ABAU) forecasts of changes in energy use, transportation, solid waste management, and wastewater treatment. These factors are influenced over time by changes in climate, population demographics, land-use and transportation patterns, the adoption of new technologies, and measures adopted to reduce GHG emissions. 12 This report is the first step toward measuring emissions reduction progress, planning future climate action, and developing strategies for reducing GHG emissions over time. The purpose of this report is to establish a baseline measurement or foundation to benchmark progress over time and guide City-wide climate planning and action. The second step of this process includes developing and prioritizing strategies to reduce GHG emissions consistent with state mandates, and involve and communicate progress to the public, stakeholders, and policymakers.

The first phase of the Calaveras County and Angels Camp GHG inventory and reduction plan project also included a comprehensive wildfire GHG analysis, designed to be consistent with the California Air Resources Board’s “Report on Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Contemporary Wildfire, Prescribed Fire, and Forest Management Activities”.

Rincon Consultants developed an in-depth analysis of the carbon sequestration value of wildlands and the fire emissions potential from these lands. The report includes an inventory of all the carbon sequestered in both the soils and vegetation of the County, including the City, to understand areas that have high carbon sequestration value, consistent with California’s Natural and Working Lands Inventory. This will provide the City an understanding of the specific regions that would generate more GHG emissions and loss of vegetation carbon storage in a wildfire event. Furthermore, the wildfire assessment included an evaluation of areas that are likely to have a high fire return interval and overlap with these high carbon storage areas, and what the potential reduction in GHG emissions could be from forest management practices. The results of the report can be used to better understand the potential shifts in carbon stocks during wildfire events, and how forest management activities can reduce the loss of valuable carbon sequestration in the City’s natural lands. The full report has been attached under Appendix O, Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment.

Community Profile
Located at 1,378 feet in elevation and home to approximately 4,000 residents, the City of Angels Camp is an iconic Gold Country town nestled in the Sierra Nevada foothills. It is well known as the place Samuel Clemens first heard the story and wrote “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” giving rise to his fame as Mark Twain. Today, it is well loved for the Jumping Frog Jubilee and Calaveras County Fair, its gold rush history, high country recreation, local wineries, golf courses, and notable small town charm. 13 Originally inhabited by Indigenous Miwok people, Angels Camp was one of the earliest important mining
communities along the Mother Lode region of California.

Situated in southwestern County of Calaveras (County), on State Routes 49 and 4, it is traversed by Angels Creek, China Gulch, Greenhorn Creek, Cherokee Creek, Indian
Creek, Six-Mile Creek, and several Gold-Rush era miner’s ditches. Nearby is the New Melones Reservoir, which was created by the construction of the New Melones Dam in
1979 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, replacing the original 1926 dam.

California Climate Policy & Goals
Since 2005, the State of California has responded to growing concerns over the effects of climate change by addressing emissions in the public and private sectors through legislative action. California mandates and guidance on measuring and reducing GHG emissions include:
● executive order on California global warming impacts and targets (EO S-3-05, 2005) 5 ,
● the California Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32, 2006) 6 and its successor bill (SB
32, 2016)
7 ,
● the Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act (SB 375, 2008) 8 ,
● the California Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act (SB 350, 2015) 9 ,
● local government requirements for climate adaptation and resilience strategies (SB 379, 2015)
10 ,
● the California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan 11 ,
● the 100 Percent Clean Energy Act of 2018 (SB 100, 2018) 12 , and
● executive order to achieve carbon neutrality (EO B-55-18, 2018). 13 13 https://www.ca.gov/archive/gov39/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/9.10.18-Executive-Order.pdf 12 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100 11 https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic//cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf 10 SB 379, Jackson. Land use: general plan: safety element (2015). California Legislative Information. 9 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act (SB 350). (2015). California Energy Commission. 8 Transportation Planning: Travel Demand Models: Sustainable Communities Strategy: Environmental Review (SB 375). (2008). Institute for Local Government.
7 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006: Emissions Limit (SB 32). (2016). California Legislative Information. 6 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32). California Air Resources Board. 5http://static1.squarespace.com/static/549885d4e4b0ba0bff5dc695/t/54d7f1e0e4b0f0798cee3010/1423438304 744/California+Executive+Order+S-3-05+(June+2005).pdf
14 All of the above legislation provides guidance and protocols for local governments to participate in the State’s GHG reduction efforts.

In response, many communities in the United States are addressing emissions at the local level. California state climate policies and mandates both encourage and require local governments and public agencies to develop solutions at the local level. As many of the major sources of GHG emissions can be directly or indirectly controlled through local policies and actions, local governments have an opportunity to play a key role in reducing GHG emissions within their boundaries. Through proactive measures related to land use, transportation demand management, energy efficiency, green building, waste diversion, and more, local governments can contribute to emissions reductions in their communities.

This GHG inventory will build capacity for the City to better understand and address local climate impacts, allowing them to set goals that will increase their resilience and comply with California’s greater climate strategy and mandates.

Climate Change in the Sierra Nevada
The California Assembly Bill 32
14 defines climate change impacts under the following
language: Global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources, and the environment of California. The potential adverse impacts of global warming include the exacerbation of air quality problems, a reduction in the quality and supply of water to the state from the Sierra snowpack, a rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of thousands of coastal businesses and residences, damage to marine ecosystems and the natural environment, and an increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, asthma, and other human health-related problems. Global warming will have detrimental effects on some of California’s largest industries, including agriculture, wine, tourism, winter sports, recreational and commercial fishing, and forestry. It will also increase the strain on electricity supplies necessary to meet the demand for summer air-conditioning in the hottest parts of the state.

The CARB 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan
15 provides additional details on the specific
threats of climate change, particularly relevant for rural, forested regions like the City. The CARB scoping plan states: In California, as in the rest of the world, climate change is contributing to an escalation of serious problems, including raging wildfires, coastal erosion, disruption of water supply, threats to agriculture, spread of insect-borne diseases, and continuing health threats from air pollution.
15 https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic//cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf 14 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200520060AB32 15 ● The drought that plagued California for years devastated the state’s agricultural and rural communities, leaving some of them with no drinking water. In 2015 alone, the drought cost agriculture in the Central Valley an estimated $2.7 billion, and more than 20,000 jobs.
● Changes include: A recorded increase in annual average temperatures, as well as increases in daily minimum and maximum temperatures. An increase in the occurrence of extreme events, including heat waves. A decrease in winter chill hours, necessary for the production of high-value fruit and nut crops. ● In recent years, California has experienced the deadliest wildfires in its history. ● Extensive tree mortality is already prevalent in California. The western pine beetle and other bark beetles have killed a majority of the ponderosa pine in the foothills of the central and southern Sierra Nevada Mountains.
● California will experience a reduction in spring runoff volumes, as a result of declining snowpack.
● While more intense dry periods are anticipated under warmer conditions, extremes on the wet end of the spectrum are also expected to increase due to more frequent warm, wet atmospheric river events and a higher proportion of precipitation falling as rain instead of snow.
● In recent years, atmospheric rivers have also been recognized as the cause of the large majority of major floods.
● Climate change is making events, like these listed above, more frequent, more catastrophic and more costly. Climate change impacts all Californians, and the impacts are often disproportionately borne by the state’s most vulnerable and disadvantaged populations.

These are the many challenges associated with climate change that face the City, along with communities in the Sierra Nevada. To learn more about how climate change might impact the City, state agencies in California created a new public tool, Cal-Adapt, which provides relevant data, resources, and future projections.
16 A healthy ecosystem provides cultural,
social, and economic benefits that local communities rely on for agriculture, tourism, recreation, fishing, and other industries that are important to the City and its economic vitality.
17,18
18 Dettinger, M., Alpert, H., Battles, J., Kusel, J., Safford, H., Fougeres, D., Knight, C., Miller, L., Sawyer, S. (2018).

Sierra Nevada Region Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. 17 Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K., Meyer, L.A.. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 16 Cal-Adapt. California Energy Commission. (2021).
16 Inventory Development
Aligning with established methodology and protocols, the inventory development process involved a number of key steps and decision-making points:
● Identify Emissions Sources and Activities: In consultation with CCOG and City staff, the team assessed 2018 GHG emissions from four different sectors: energy (energy use in buildings), transportation, solid waste, and water and wastewater.

Within each sector, activities that occur in the City that release emissions outside of the City, as well as sources that generate emissions directly within the City, were accounted for. Emissions associated with government operations were also identified and included.
● Inventory Boundaries: The geographic scope of the inventory is referred to as “the City of Angels Camp” and is defined by the City’s jurisdictional boundaries. ● Data Collection and Inventory Years: This inventory used data collected from the year 2018. This allows the inventory to be comparable to other nationwide inventories which typically include assessments from 2018 data, while also providing the best data available from the City, CCOG, and relevant special districts. The team worked closely with City staff and CCOG to identify and review available data for the baseline inventory and forecast of GHG emissions for the City. Data sets used for the findings in this report are highlighted throughout, as well as detailed in the appendices.
● Inventory Tools: For the community-wide and government operations inventories, ClearPath
19 was used. ClearPath, available through ICLEI, calculates, monitors, and forecasts GHG emissions based on reported activity data and demographic information. ClearPath was developed to assist in the preparation of USCP and LGOP-compliant GHG inventories.

More details about specific tools and methodologies are highlighted in their respective sections throughout this report.
19 ClearPath. (2021). ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability USA. 17 GHG Emissions Inventory
Inventory Methodologies
Understanding a GHG Emissions Inventory
Achieving tangible greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions in order to impact climate change requires identifying baseline emissions levels, sources, and activities that generate emissions in the community. Warming trends across the region have increased the frequency and severity of catastrophic wildfire, diminished snowpack, rain-on-snow and flooding events, low reservoirs and water supply, and decreased biodiversity. These effects are beginning to take hold locally, threatening not only the environment but also the City of Angels Camp’s (City’s) way of life.

This report presents emissions from the City as a whole, where the government operations emissions are a subset of community-wide emissions and should not be added to community emissions totals since they are already included in the community-wide data.

The inventory uses the latest methodology and modeling to develop a 2018 inventory, looking at GHG emissions generated by energy, transportation, solid waste, and water and wastewater. Emissions from carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are accounted for and calculated as the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The government operations inventory only includes emissions from sources and activities over which the City has influence.

As local governments and public agencies have continued to join the greater climate action movement, the need for standardized approaches to quantifying GHG emissions has proven essential. The inventory utilizes the approach and methods provided by the U.S.

Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Protocol, in addition to the Local Government Operations Protocol.

Emissions Protocols
U.S. Community Protocol20
The City’s community-wide GHG inventory was conducted in accordance with the U.S.

Community Protocol (USCP) released by the organization ICLEI in October 2012 (updated in 2019) and represents the current national standard in guidance for community-wide GHG emissions inventories. The USCP improved on earlier protocols by establishing additional 20 U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2021). ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability USA.
18 reporting requirements for community-wide inventories and providing improved accounting guidance for quantifying emissions. The improvements include the addition of electricity transmission and distribution losses, the delineation of community wastewater and potable water energy use emissions, improved methods to estimate residential non-utility fuel use emissions, and improved methods to estimate wastewater process emissions. The State of California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research recommends that California local governments follow the USCP when undertaking their GHG emissions inventories.

Local Government Operations Protocol21
The Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) was released in 2008 (updated in 2010), by ICLEI, the California Air Resources Board (CARB), and the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR) to serve as the national standard for quantifying and reporting GHG emissions from local government operations. The purpose of the LGOP is to provide the principles, approach, methodology, and procedures needed to develop a government operations GHG emissions inventory. The LGOP was used to guide the government operations inventory.

Greenhouse Gas Global Warming Potential
GHG emissions are commonly aggregated and reported in terms of equivalent-carbon-dioxide-units, or CO2e. This carbon dioxide equivalent combines the three different gaseous emissions types into one single unit based on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of each gas, which is a measure of the amount of warming a GHG may cause over the span of 100 years, measured against the amount of warming caused by carbon dioxide. Converting all emissions to equivalent-carbon-dioxide-units allows for the comparison of different GHGs in similar terms. For example, methane is 28 times more powerful than carbon dioxide in its warming effect over 100 years, so one metric ton (MT) of methane emissions is equal to 28 MT of carbon dioxide equivalents. Table 1 presents the GWPs of the commonly occurring GHGs according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 5th Assessment Report, reflecting the most recent scientific consensus.

Of those seven, this inventory focused on three main GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
21 Local Government Operations Protocol (2021). The Climate Registry. 19 Table 1. Greenhouse Gas Global Warming Potentials
Greenhouse Gas Chemical Formula
IPCC 5th Assessment Global
Warming Potential
22 Carbon Dioxide CO2 1
Methane CH4 28
Nitrous Oxide N2O 265
Hydrofluorocarbons Various 4 - 12,400
Perfluorocarbons Various 6,630 - 11,100
Sulfur Hexafluoride SH6 23,500
Nitrogen Trifluoride NF3 16,100
Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Sources and Activities
Communities contribute to GHG emissions in a number of ways: 1) GHG emissions that are produced by sources located within the defined boundary, and 2) GHG emissions produced as a consequence of community activities. All of the emissions in this report have been quantified using calculation-based methodologies. Calculation-based methodologies look at GHG-emitting activities and determine how much of each activity occurred in the City.

Then an emissions factor is developed or cited from literature for each specific activity and the two figures are multiplied together to arrive at the total emissions produced by each activity within the City:

Activity or Source Data x Emissions Factor = Emissions Produced by Activity.

Activity or source data refers to the relevant measurement of energy use or other GHG-generating processes such as fuel consumption by fuel type, metered annual electricity consumption, or annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Standard emissions factors are applied to activity or source data to determine the associated emissions. Emissions factors are typically expressed as emissions per unit of activity or source data (e.g. lbs CO2/kWh of electricity). ICLEI’s ClearPath toolkit was used to complete these quantifications.

The report for community-wide emissions measures GHG emissions in four primary areas:
energy use, including propane and electricity used to heat and cool buildings; transportation, including emissions from vehicle operations; solid waste, including materials deposited in landfills that will later decompose; and wastewater treatment. The 22 Global Warming Potential Values. (2014). Greenhouse Gas Protocol. IPCC. 20 report measures both emissions occurring within the City and emissions originating outside the City for use inside the City, in order to create a measure of total emissions.

The second part of this report, focused on emissions from government operations, measures emissions in five primary areas: energy use from buildings and facilities, vehicle fleet, employee commutes, solid waste generation, and water and wastewater.

The basic process followed for the inventory is to measure sources of emissions (such as power generation) and activities that create emissions (such as vehicle operations), and convert those sources and activities into equivalent GHG emissions. The observed emissions allow for measurement over time of progress toward meeting climate policy goals. The report also uses assumptions in City-wide growth to create a forecast of changes to occur in GHG emissions, which can aid in decision making.

Information only items are GHG emissions that are not included in the GHG emissions totals, though are reported to provide context. Information items are reported separately from the totals either to avoid overlap with other reported emissions or because they are excluded from GHG inventories by protocol guidance. Information items can include emissions such as:
● Emissions associated with electric vehicles. The emissions are included in residential and non-residential electricity emissions totals, and reported as an information item in the transportation sector.
● Emissions associated with energy used to distribute water and collect wastewater, as they are included in commercial community-wide electricity usage totals.

Forecast Methodology
After the completion of the emissions inventories, forecasts of emissions were developed under business-as-usual (BAU) and adjusted business-as-usual scenarios (ABAU). A BAU scenario does not account for any local, state, or federal policy that would impact future GHG emissions. The BAU forecasts estimate future community-wide GHG emissions in the years 2030, 2035, and 2045. BAU forecasts are based on two inputs — current emissions data and growth rates. Baseline emissions data came from the 2018 inventory. Growth rates were calculated based on projected growth of relevant indicator variables.

BAU projections are intended to demonstrate the expected growth in GHG emissions if no reduction measures are taken. The BAU forecast is beneficial in that it allows for comparison between forecasted and actual observed emissions to determine what 21 emissions reduction progress has been made to date. BAU forecasts also can help assess whether the City can achieve its emissions reduction targets through current efforts.

An adjusted scenario forecast, or adjusted BAU (ABAU), accounts for legislative adjustments and projected emissions reductions resulting from legislative action. This includes future updates to statewide vehicle fleet standards and renewable portfolio standards. ABAU forecasts are developed using two inputs - current emissions data and either BAU projections or adjusted rates of growth or decay.

Community-Wide Inventory Results
The community-wide inventory is an assessment of the City of Angels Camp’s (City) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from activities by City residents, businesses and visitors for the year 2018. The community-wide inventory includes:

1. Use of electricity

2. Use of fuel in buildings or other stationary use

3. Use of fuel for on-road transportation by passenger and freight vehicles

4. Use of energy for potable water and wastewater distribution and treatment processes

5. Generation of solid waste by the community
Based on the methodologies outlined above, inventory results provide information on the sources of GHG emissions, the relative magnitude of those emissions by source, and emissions trends in the City over time.

Community-Wide GHG Emissions Summary
Key Findings
● In 2018, the community, including residents and businesses, of Angels Camp emitted an estimated 25,193 metric tons (MT) CO2e.
● The largest contributor to community emissions in the inventory is community-wide transportation (73%), which includes on-road and off-road vehicle emissions. ● In combination, the transportation and energy sectors produce roughly 96% of the community-wide emissions in the City, and therefore have the most potential for emissions reductions.
● By conducting periodic GHG emissions inventories as data becomes more robust and methodologies improve, the City can get an even clearer picture of the GHG emissions in the community, and monitor and evaluate any reduction efforts taken. 22 Overview of 2018 Community-Wide Inventory
In 2018, the City emitted 25,193 MT CO2e.
23 The transportation sector was the largest
source of emissions, followed by energy, solid waste, and water and wastewater, as shown in Figure 1. On a per capita basis, emissions were 6.46 MT CO2e per City resident annually.

Note that per capita emissions, however, may not be directly comparable to inventories from other jurisdictions, as overall inventory methodologies can differ.

Figure 1. 2018 Emissions Summary
Table 2. 2018 Emissions Summary
Sector MT CO2e % of Total Emissions
Energy 5,667 22.49%
Transportation 18,437 73.18%
Solid Waste 1,037 4.12%
Water and Wastewater 52.78 0.21%
Total 25,193 100%
23 Community-Master-Data-Workbook. (2021). Sierra Business Council. 23 Energy
The energy sector consists of building electricity and other fuel use (propane and wood), as noted below Table 3. Aggregated electricity use data was provided by Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) and Calaveras Public Power Agency (CPPA) 24 and is shown in Figure 2
below. Figure 2 below shows emissions by energy type, and it is important to note that there are very little emissions coming from electricity provided by CPPA, as CPPA electricity is generated through various hydroelectric projects.

While there is no natural gas usage in the City, propane significantly contributed to emissions for the energy sector. Propane and wood usage estimates for 2018 were taken from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and scaled using household energy use estimates from the U.S. Census American Community Survey. 25 These estimates are
shown in Figure 2.

The electricity use and emissions metrics include transmission and distribution (T&D) losses for 2018. T&D losses are slight losses in electrical energy as a result of transmission across power lines. T&D losses were measured at 4.8% of end use consumption in 2018 according to the eGRID gross loss rates for the Western Region. 26 Refer to the Appendices A and B for data on 2018 emissions factors. 26 Transmission and distribution loss rates were provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eGRID Data Explorer.
25 Propane and wood data estimated using data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and U.S.

Census Bureau American Community Survey.
24 Electricity data provided by PG&E and CPPA. Located in the Community-Master-Data-Workbook. 24 Figure 2. Emissions by Energy Type
Table 3. Energy Activity Data and Emissions
Energy Type Amount Unit Emissions (MT CO2e) Data Source Residential Electricity (PG&E) 13,351,915 kWh 1,260 PG&E Residential T&D Loss Rate 4.80 % 144.93 eGRID
Residential Propane 485,623 gallons 2,743 EIA / ACS
Residential Wood 31,313 MMBtu 311.91 EIA / ACS
Commercial Electricity (PG&E) 10,691,523 kWh 1,009 PG&E Commercial Electricity (CPPA) 1,399,724 kWh 25.90 CPPA
Commercial Electricity T&D
Loss Rate

4.80 % 117.29 eGRID
Commercial Propane 9,735.85 gallons 54.98 EIA / ACS
Total Emissions 5,667
Transportation
In 2018, on-road vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data was provided for the Calaveras Council of Governments’ (CCOG) travel demand model and scaled to the City from aggregated 25 County data using population.
27 The breakdown of VMT and emissions by trip type is noted in Table 4 below. Off-road fuel usage data was provided by the California Air Resources Board’s OFFROAD2017 model, including fuel usage data from off-road activity relating to construction and other industrial and light commercial activities. The off-road vehicle data was originally calculated for the County and was scaled down to City usage using population. On- and off-road activity and emissions data are shown in Figure 3 and Table 4 below.

Figure 3. On-Road and Off-Road Emissions
Table 4. Vehicle Miles Traveled and Emissions from Transportation Activity / Source
Miles
Traveled
(Miles)
Gasoline
Use
(Gallons)
Diesel
Use
(Gallons)
Liquid
Propane Gas
Use (Gallons)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
On-Road Vehicles 34,937,859 17,237
Trip Starts and Ends In Boundary 15,370,293 7,583
Trip Starts In and Ends Out of Boundary 9,783,783 4,827 Trip Starts Out and Ends In Boundary 9,783,783 4,827
Off-Road Vehicles 14,087 102,319 3,003 1,200
Total Emissions 18,437
27 On-Road data provided by CCOG. Off-Road data provided by CARB OFFROAD2017 Model, EPA Emissions Factors, and 5th Assessment Global Warming Potentials.
26 Solid Waste
In 2018, total City-wide solid waste sent to the landfill was approximately 3,519 tons. 28 Solid
waste generated in the City is primarily sent to Forward Landfill in Manteca and Rock Creek Landfill in Farmington. The figure below lists the total solid waste tonnage sent to both Forward and Rock Creek Landfills. Both landfills have methane collection systems in place.

Solid waste tonnage data was provided by Calaveras County Integrated Waste Management and scaled down to City usage. Emissions from transportation of solid waste were also calculated using the annual tonnage and the distance to and from each landfill.

Table 5. Solid Waste Generation Data and Emissions
Landfill
Solid Waste
(Tons)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Distance to
Landfill (Miles)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Data Source
Forward
Landfill
1,056 299.61 55.10 16.29 Calaveras County
Integrated Waste
Management,
CalRecycle, and
Google Maps
Rock Creek
Landfill
2,463 699.10 32.10 22.14
Total 3,519 998.71 38.43
Figure 4. Solid Waste Emissions
28 Solid waste data provided by Calaveras County Integrated Waste Management. Located in Community-Master-Data-Workbook.
27 Water and Wastewater
Emissions from water and wastewater for the year 2018 were 52.78 MT CO2e. 29 Electricity
emissions from water distribution and wastewater collection and treatment were accounted for in the City-wide calculations for the energy sector and were considered “information only” items in this section to avoid double counting. Wastewater emissions are primarily associated with the City’s treatment processes.

Table 6. Electricity Use for Potable Water Supply - Information Item Energy Type
Electricity Use
(kWh)
Water Treated
(Gallons)
Data Source
Electricity (CPPA) 197,600 321,800,000 CPPA, USCP, City of Angels Camp Table 7. Electricity Use for Wastewater Treatment - Information Item Energy Type
Electricity
Use (kWh)
Water Treated
(Gallons)
Data Source
Electricity (CPPA) 1,400,000 168,000,000 CPPA, USCP, City of Angels Camp Table 8. Wastewater Treatment Process Data
Treatment Process Emissions (MT CO2e)
Nitrogen Discharge 45.59
Process N2O 7.19
Total Emissions 52.78
29 Water and wastewater data provided by the City of Angels Camp. Located in Community-Master-Data-Workbook.
28 Figure 5. Water and Wastewater Emissions
Government Operations Inventory Results
This section presents a detailed analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the City of Angel’s Camp’s (City) government operations. The government operations emissions are a subset of community-wide emissions and should not be added to community emissions totals since they are already included in the community-wide data.

The emissions included in this inventory were determined using the operational control framework. Included are emissions from buildings, facilities and lighting energy use, water distribution and wastewater treatment emissions, and vehicle fleet fuel use emissions.

These are emissions sources and activities for which the City has the full authority to introduce and implement operating policies. The government operations inventory also includes two additional emissions sectors for which the City has limited control: emissions from employee-generated solid waste and emissions from employees’ personal commutes to work. Including these optional sources is recommended strongly by the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) even though the City does not have full operational control.

Based on the methodologies previously outlined, inventory results provide information on the sources of GHG emissions and the relative magnitude of those emissions by source for the City operations.
29 Government Operations GHG Emissions Summary
Key Findings
● In 2018, the City’s government operations emitted an estimated 511 metric tons (MT) CO2e, which includes emissions sources and activities for which the City has the authority to introduce and implement operational policies. ● The largest contributor to government operations emissions in the inventory is the vehicle fleet (41%), which includes on-road and off-road vehicle emissions. ● In combination, the vehicle fleet and employee commute sectors produce more than 67% of the government operations emissions in the City, and therefore have the most potential for emissions reductions.
● Emissions from government operations account for 2.0% of total community-wide emissions.
● By conducting periodic GHG emissions inventories as data becomes more robust and methodologies improve, the City can get an even clearer picture of the government operations GHG emissions, and monitor and evaluate any reduction efforts taken.

Overview of 2018 Government Operations Inventory
In 2018, City facilities and operations emitted 511 MT CO2e. 30 The vehicle fleet sector was
the largest source of emissions, followed by employee commute, water and wastewater, solid waste, and buildings and facilities.
30 LGO-Master-Data-Workbook. (2021). Sierra Business Council. 30 Figure 6. 2018 Emissions Summary
Table 9. 2018 Emissions Summary
Sector MT CO2e % of Total Emissions
Buildings and Facilities 38 7.49%
Vehicle Fleet 210 41.04%
Employee Commute 137 26.77%
Solid Waste 44 8.58%
Water and Wastewater 82 16.12%
Total 511 100%
Buildings and Facilities
The buildings and facilities sector consists of building electricity and propane in City buildings and facilities, as noted below Table 10. Aggregated electricity use data was provided by Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) and Calaveras Public Power Agency (CPPA)
31 and is shown in Figure 7 below. There are very little emissions coming from 31 Electricity data provided by PG&E and CPPA. Located in the LGO-Master-Data-Workbook. 31 electricity provided by CPPA, as CPPA electricity is generated through various hydroelectric projects. There is no natural gas used within City operations.

Figure 7. Emissions from Buildings and Facilities Energy Use Table 10. Energy Use and Emissions from City Buildings and Facilities Energy Type Amount Unit Emissions (MT CO2e) Data Source Electricity (PG&E) 66,725 kWh 6.30 PG&E
Electricity (CPPA) 1,399,724 kWh 25.90 CPPA
Propane 1,073 gallons 6.06 EIA / ACS
Total Emissions 38.26
Vehicle Fleet
Vehicle fleet data for 2018 was provided by the City’s Public Works, Police, and Fire Departments.
32 This data set included vehicle type, fuel type, total annual miles traveled, and gallons of fuel or hours used. All off-road vehicles were categorized as small utility vehicles in ClearPath. Table 11 below shows breakdown of passenger, light duty, and heavy duty vehicles, in addition to fuel usage by type.
32 Vehicle fleet data provided by the City of Angels Camp. Located in LGO-Master-Data-Workbook. 32 Figure 8. Vehicle Fleet Emissions
Table 11. Vehicle Fleet Breakdown and Emissions
Activity / Source Annual VMT Fuel Used (Gallons) Emissions (MT CO2e) On-Road Vehicle Fleet - Diesel 49,144 5,849 59.78
On-Road Vehicle Fleet - Gasoline 185,102 10,905 96.56
Off-Road Vehicle Fleet - Diesel N/A 5,186 52.95
Off-Road Vehicle Fleet - Gasoline N/A 39 0.35
Total Emissions 209.64
Employee Commute
In order to compile an employee commute data set, a survey was distributed both electronically and by hard copy to all City employees. The survey included questions regarding mileage to and from work, how many days per week were spent driving to work, vehicle type, and fuel type. It was asked that employees fill out this survey for their “pre-COVID-19” commutes. There were 36 employees and 4 contractors in 2018. In total, there were 40 responses, and it was shown that all employees drive alone to work. Total vehicle miles traveled are categorized by gasoline and diesel, as well as by passenger vehicle or light duty truck. The City Employee Commute survey is included in Appendix I. 33 Table 12. Employee Commute VMT Breakdown and Emissions Activity / Source Annual VMT Emissions (MT CO2e)
Employee Commute - Gasoline 254,250 109.36
Employee Commute - Diesel 49,271 27.41
Total Emissions 136.77
Figure 9. Employee Commute Emissions
Solid Waste
In 2018, solid waste generated by City government operations was approximately 73 tons. 33 Solid waste generated by City facilities is sent to Forward Landfill in Manteca and Rock Creek Landfill in Farmington. In Figure 10 below, you can see total solid waste tonnage sent to both Forward and Rock Creek Landfills. Both landfills have methane collection systems in place. Solid waste tonnage data was provided by the City. Emissions from transportation of solid waste were also calculated using the annual tonnage and the distance to and from each landfill.
33 Solid waste data provided by the City of Angels Camp. Located in LGO-Master-Data-Workbook. 34 Table 13. City Facility-Generated Solid Waste
Landfill
Solid Waste
(Tons)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Distance to
Landfill (Miles)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Data Source
Forward Landfill 22.00 12.92 55.10 0.31 Calaveras County Integrated Waste
Management,
CalRecycle, and
Google Maps
Rock Creek
Landfill

51.34 30.14 32.10 0.46
Total 73.34 43.06 0.77
Figure 10. Emissions from City Facility-Generated Solid Waste Water and Wastewater
Emissions from City-operated water and wastewater facilities for the year 2018 totaled 82.3 MT CO2e.
34 Water and wastewater emissions are primarily associated with energy used to distribute water, collect wastewater, and the City’s treatment processes. Data was provided by the City and is outlined below in Table 14, Table 15 and Table 16. Under the LGOP, these emissions are included in the government operations inventory because they are owned and operated by the City.
34 Water and wastewater data provided by the City of Angels Camp. Located in LGO-Master-Data-Workbook. 35 Table 14. City-Operated Potable Water Supply Electricity Energy Type
Electricity
Use (kWh)
Water Treated
(Gallons)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Data Source
Electricity
(CPPA)
197,600 321,800,000 3.66
CPPA, USCP, City of Angels
Camp
Total Emissions 3.66
Table 15. City-Operated Wastewater Treatment Electricity Energy Type
Electricity
Use (kWh)
Wastewater
Treated
(Gallons)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Data Source
Electricity
(CPPA)
1,400,000 168,000,000 25.90
CPPA, USCP, City of Angels
Camp
Total Emissions 25.90
Table 16. Wastewater Treatment Process Data
Treatment Process Emissions (MT CO2e)
Nitrogen Discharge 45.59
Process N2O 7.19
Total Emissions 52.78
Figure 11. Water and Wastewater Emissions
36 Emissions Forecasting
Business-as-Usual Forecasts
Business-as-usual (BAU) forecasts were conducted for the City of Angels Camp (City) after the completion of the emissions inventory to provide an estimate of future emissions in each sector.
35 The BAU scenarios take the emissions from a snapshot in time and project them out over time, assuming no other changes or variables that might otherwise affect emissions. In general, BAU emissions forecasting does not account for any local, state, or federal policy that would impact future GHG emissions, nor does it account for potential changes in technology or individual consumption behavior. The BAU forecasts estimate how annual emissions would change from 2018 to 2030, to 2035, and to 2045. These years align with existing regional, local, and statewide emissions reduction goals.

The BAU forecast is based on two inputs, baseline emissions data and growth rates, both of which are presented in Appendix M and Appendix N. Growth rates were calculated using projections of population, employment rates, and several other indicator variables. For the City forecasts, two forecast scenarios were calculated due to differences in population growth rates from differing years (one references an increasing population growth rate from 2018 data and the other a declining population growth rate from 2021 data). Both of these forecasts and more detailed information on the reasoning behind including two BAU forecasts are provided in Appendix M. Only the forecasts using 2018 DOF data are included in this section of the report.

Calculating the emissions forecast is achieved by isolating an indicator variable for the various sectors and sub-sectors that were evaluated in the inventory, then assessing how that indicator variable is projected to increase or decrease into the future, and applying that rate of change to the emissions from that sector or sub-sector.

For example, to forecast residential energy, the team looked at the different projected rates of change for Calaveras County population out to 2045 (from 2021 and 2018 Department of Finance population projection data), then applied those rates of change to the emissions coming from the City’s residential energy sector to arrive at our BAU forecasts. This process was applied to each sector and sub-sector using associated growth indicators.

Table 17 below displays the various indicator variables and their data sources for each sector. Forecasts are based on projections provided by commonly-used sources, however 35 Data located in the City of Angels Camp Forecasts spreadsheet. 37 like other predictive modeling, there is inherent uncertainty in these predictions. Likewise, significant events, like the 2020-2021 COVID pandemic, can disrupt a projection in unexpected ways. As this inventory was based on data from before the pandemic, resulting impacts are not accounted for as they are as of yet unknown. Additionally, data that is specific and robust for small rural regions, like Calaveras County, can be difficult to obtain.

Regardless, forecasting can be a useful tool to help understand the actions needed to reach emissions reduction targets.

Table 17. Business-as-Usual Emissions Forecast Variables & Data Sources Sector Sub-sector Indicator Variable Data Source
Energy
Residential Energy
Population
(2018 Projections)
California Department of
Finance
Non-Residential
Energy
Employment
California Employment
Development
Department
Transportation
On-Road
Transportation
VMT Projections
Calaveras Council of
Governments
Off-Road
Emissions
Population
(2018 Projections)
U.S. Census, American
Community Survey
Solid Waste Solid Waste
Population
(2018 Projections)
California Department of
Finance
Water and
Wastewater
Water and
Wastewater
Population
(2018 Projections)
California Department of
Finance
The BAU forecast showed an overall increase in emissions. Under the BAU scenario, emissions are forecast to increase by 6.0% from 2018 to 2030, by 8.4%, from 2018 to 2035, and by 12.7% from 2018 to 2045, for a total increase in emissions from 2018 to 2045 of

12.7%. This equates to 28,378 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 2045. Table 18 and Figure 12 display the forecast trends.
38 Table 18. Business-as-Usual Forecasted Emissions by Sector (MT CO2e) (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections)
Year
Residential
Energy
Non-Residential
Energy
Transportation
Solid
Waste
Water and
Wastewater
Total
Emissions
and %
2018 4,459 1,207 18,437 1,037 52.78 25,193
2030 4,681 1,291 19,589 1,089 55.41
26,706
+6.01%
2035 4,753 1,326 20,064 1,106 56.26
27,305
+8.39%
2045 4,815 1,396 20,991 1,120 56.99
28,378
+12.65%
Net %
Change
+7.97% +15.66% +13.85% +7.97% +7.97% +12.65%
Figure 12. City-Wide Business-as-Usual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecasts
The adjusted scenario forecast, or adjusted BAU (ABAU), projects emissions out to 2045 and accounts for adjustments and projected emissions reductions resulting from legislative 39 action. This includes projections that include statewide vehicle fleet standards and renewable portfolio standards. ABAU forecasts are developed using two inputs - current emissions data and either BAU projections or adjusted rates of growth or decay. The ABAU forecast illustrates the difference between and forecasted emissions reductions as a result of state policies’ emissions reductions targets. This difference represents the reductions that must be made by the jurisdiction in order to reach reduction targets. These factors are influenced over time by changes in climate, population demographics, land-use and transportation patterns, the adoption of new technologies, and measures adopted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

As with the BAU forecasts, two forecast scenarios were calculated due to differences in population growth rates from differing years (one references an increasing population growth rate from 2018 data and the other a declining population growth rate from 2021 data). Both of these forecasts and more detailed information on the reasoning behind including two ABAU forecasts is provided in Appendix M. Only the forecasts using 2018 DOF data are included in this section of the report.

The below table displays the legislative adjustments that are applied to each emissions sector to calculate the ABAU forecasts.

Table 19. Adjusted Business-as-Usual Emissions Forecast Variables & Data Sources Sector Sub-sector Indicator Variable Data Source
Energy
Residential Energy
Electricity - Renewable
Portfolio Standard
Other Fuels - Population
(2018 Projections)
SB 100
California Department of
Finance
Non-Residential
Energy
Electricity - Renewable
Portfolio Standard
Other Fuels - Employment
SB 100
California Employment
Development
Department
Transportation
On-Road
Transportation
Emissions Rates (EMFAC
2021)
California Air Resources
Board
Off-Road
Emissions
Emissions Rates (OFFROAD
2017)
California Air Resources
Board
Solid Waste Solid Waste
Population
(2018 Projections)
California Department of
Finance
Water and
Wastewater
Water and
Wastewater
Population
(2018 Projections)
California Department of
Finance
40 Under the ABAU scenario, emissions are forecast to decrease by 17.4% from 2018 to 2030, by 22.6% from 2018 to 2035, and by 28.0% from 2018 to 2045, for a total decrease in emissions from 2018 to 2045 of 28.0%. This equates to 18,133 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 2045. Table 20 and Figure 13 display the forecast trends.

Table 20. Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecasted Emissions by Sector (MT CO2e) (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) Year
Residential
Energy
Non-Residential
Energy
Transportation
Solid
Waste
Water and
Wastewater
Total
Emissions
and %
2018 4,460 1,207 18,436 1,037 52.78 25,193
2030 3,769 520 15,386 1,089 55.41
20,819
-17.36%
2035 3,631 368 14,352 1,106 56.26
19,513
-22.55%
2045 3,299 64 13,594 1,120 56.99
18,133
-28.02%
Net %
Change
-26.04% -94.73% -26.26% +7.97% +7.97% -28.02%
Figure 13. City-Wide Adjusted Business-as-Usual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) 41 GHG Reduction Targets
An important part of the climate action planning process is setting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets. These targets help guide local governments in developing and adopting appropriate energy action policies and programs. Emissions reduction targets also provide a performance metric by which jurisdictions can evaluate progress.

Targets can be set using different methods. Many cities and counties have chosen to follow California state-wide GHG reduction targets codified in Senate Bill 32, to reduce emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, or the Executive Order S-3-05, to reduce emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. More recently, others may choose to adopt Executive Order B-55-18, with the goal of reaching carbon neutrality by 2045. ICLEI recommends adopting an 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 target for both community-wide and government operations, or to consider leading by example and setting a more aggressive goal.
36 Another target setting method applied by local governments is to align their reduction targets with those of nearby jurisdictions. This tactic can provide jurisdictions an opportunity to leverage regional influence and achieve economies of scale when pursuing GHG reduction projects that are cross-jurisdictional.
37 The City of Angels Camp (City) may also want to take into consideration target setting compliance in regards to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). CEQA section 15183.5 provides guidance on how a GHG plan can be designed to be consistent and comply with criteria for CEQA requirements. Qualified plans that meet CEQA requirements include ones that meet or exceed SB 32, to reduce emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030.

The following table lays out examples of emissions reduction targets adopted by neighboring rural jurisdictions to Calaveras County. The City can reference these targets to help guide their decision on selecting appropriate emissions reduction goals for their community.
37 ICLEI Guide for Setting a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target, 2010. 36 ICLEI Guide for Setting a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target, 2010. 42 Table 21. GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Jurisdiction Reduction Target
City of Merced GHG reductions to 1990 levels by 2020
Placer County
GHG reductions of 15% below 2005 levels by 2020, 39% below 2005 levels by 2030, and 69% below 2005 levels by 2050
San Joaquin Valley
GHG reductions of 8% of 2005 levels in 2020, 15.7% in 2035, and

21.2% in 2042
City of South Lake Tahoe
GHG reductions of 50% below 2015 levels by 2030 and 80% below 2015 levels by 2040
Town of Truckee GHG reductions of 80% below 2008 levels by 2040 Tuolumne County
GHG reductions of 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050
43 Conclusion
This report provides an accounting of the City of Angels Camp’s (City) community-wide and government operations greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by source and activity.

Business-as-usual (BAU) and adjusted business-as-usual (ABAU) forecasts are also provided to demonstrate the expected growth in GHG emissions, aid in assessing progress, and support GHG emissions reduction target development. These inventories set the stage for ongoing monitoring of the City’s progress in achieving national, statewide, regional, and local GHG emissions reduction and other goals. It also provides analysis to inform future planning, policy development, and climate-related actions in the City. And finally, it provides practical information – including key findings, graphs, charts, and maps – that can be used by the City and other agencies to communicate needs and progress to the public, stakeholders, and policymakers.

This analysis found that in 2018, the community as a whole emitted 25,193 metric tons (MT) of CO2e, which equates to a per capita emissions value of 6.46 MT CO2e per year. The City's government operations emitted 511 MT of CO2e in 2018. These are emissions sources and activities for which the City has authority to introduce and implement reduction policies.

Figures 14 and 15 below summarize the City’s 2018 GHG emissions.

The City should continue to update these inventories every five years to monitor and assess progress. By conducting periodic GHG emissions inventories as data becomes more robust and methodologies improve, the City can create a clear picture of the GHG emissions in the community, and monitor and evaluate any reduction efforts taken.

Additional key findings from this analysis include:
● The largest contributor to community emissions in the inventory is community-wide transportation, which includes on-road and off-road vehicle emissions. In combination, the transportation (73.2%) and energy (22.5%) sectors produce roughly 96% of the community-wide emissions in the City, and therefore have the most potential for emissions reductions.
● The largest contributor to government operations emissions in the inventory is the vehicle fleet, which includes on-road and off-road vehicle emissions. In combination, the vehicle fleet and employee commute sectors produce more than 67% of the government operations emissions in the City, and therefore have the most potential for emissions reductions.
44 ● The 2045 forecasts project an increase for the BAU scenario and a decrease for the ABAU scenario from the 2018 baseline. Under the BAU scenario, from 2018 to 2045 emissions are projected to increase by 12.7%. This equates to 28,378 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 2045. Under the ABAU scenario, emissions are projected to decrease by 28.0%, equating to 18,133 MT CO2e projected to be emitted in 2045. ● Many cities and counties have chosen to follow California state-wide GHG reduction targets codified in Senate Bill 32, to reduce emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, or the Executive Order S-3-05, to reduce emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.

Figure 14. 2018 Community-Wide GHG Emissions
45 Figure 15. 2018 Government Operations GHG Emissions
Wildfire Assessment Findings
The Calaveras County and Angels Camp GHG inventories and reduction plans project also included a separate wildfire assessment report, which has been appended to this GHG inventory report. The wildfire report evaluated the challenges specific to the County, which includes the City, demonstrating how wildfires can impact the carbon cycle and GHG emissions, as well as how the wildland urban interface can both be put at risk by wildfires and increase opportunity for wildfire ignition. To understand the potential GHG emissions impact related to wildfire in the County and the City a Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventory for the years 2010 and 2020 was developed, which demonstrates the total carbon storage in vegetation and soils. The analysis calculated the current available carbon storage (sequestration) in the County region, how carbon storage has changed over time, and highlighted regions and landcover where carbon storage value is high. Additionally, a case study was developed for the 2015 Butte Fire to analyze both the local risks for wildfire and the potential magnitude of GHG emissions and carbon storage loss from a single wildfire event. The wildfire analysis also encompassed an assessment of how forest management practices, such as thinning and prescribed burns, can significantly reduce wildfire GHG emissions and preserve long term carbon stocks that may be destroyed by high-intensity fires caused by overgrown forests.
46 Key findings from the wildfire assessment include:
● The 2020 Calaveras County natural and working lands total carbon stock inventories was calculated to be 74 million MT CO2e.
● In the unlikely scenario that the majority of the deciduous and mixed forests in Calaveras County were to burn over multiple future wildfire events, the forested land has an emissions potential of over 8 million MT CO2from the conversion of carbon stocks to atmospheric carbon.
● Forest management can reduce the intensity and severity of wildfires in Calaveras County, reducing the GHG emissions potential per acre of forested land from 21.7 MT CO2/acre burned down to 9.3 MT CO2/acre burned.

The full wildfire report can be viewed in Appendix O, Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment.

GHG emissions reduction efforts require the creation of clear, actionable, and feasible implementation plans informed by local context, robust data, and proven solutions. To build upon the findings of these GHG inventories, a secondary project phase will include the development of a comprehensive GHG reduction plan for the City. This plan will develop measures to reduce emissions resulting from energy use, transportation, solid waste disposal, and treatment and transport of water and wastewater.

As the City moves forward with emissions reduction strategies and uses this data to inform planning efforts, the City should identify the benefits from strategies including: energy efficiency and conservation, renewable energy, vehicle fuel type and efficiency improvements, alternative transportation, vehicle trip reduction, land use and transit planning, waste reduction, and others. The City can achieve benefits beyond reducing emissions, including saving money, improving economic vitality, and ultimately increasing the quality of life for its residents, businesses, and visitors.

The consultant team of Sierra Business Council, Rincon Consultants, and Harris & Associates wishes to thank the project staff at the City of Angels Camp and the Calaveras Council of Governments who lent their knowledge to this project.
47 Appendices
Community-Wide Inventory Appendices
Appendix A. Residential Energy
Table A-1. Residential Activity Data
Activity / Source 2018 Units Data Source
Electricity (PG&E) 13,351,915 kWh Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) PG&E Transmission &
Distribution (T&D) Losses
640,891.92 kWh
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
eGRID (Western, CAMX, 2018)
T&D Grid Loss Factor 4.80 %
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
eGRID (Western, CAMX, 2018)
Total Electricity 13,956,807 kWh Data Source
Natural Gas (PG&E) 0 Therms Pacific Gas & Electric Company Propane (LPG) 485,623 Gallons U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Energy Information
Administration, and U.S. Census
Bureau American Community Survey
Fuel Oil / Kerosene 0 Gallons
Wood 31,313 MMBtu
Methods
Utility-Derived Data
Utility-provided activity data is shown in Table A-1. Electricity and other stationary fuel consumption data were collected from Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), Calaveras Public Power Agency (CPPA), U.S Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eGRID (EPA eGRID) for all residences within City limits. The data was categorized as residential or non-residential and entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using utility-reported and calculated grid emissions factors for electricity. The calculation methods and emissions factors are shown in Table A-2.
48 Table A-2. Residential GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Source
2018 Electricity –
PG&E
BE.2.2 206 34 4
2018 PG&E (CO2) & 2018
U.S. EPA eGRID CAMX
(CH4 and N2O)
2018 Electricity –
CPPA
BE.2.2 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA (Hydroelectric
Project), International
Hydropower Association
2018 Electricity –
PG&E T&D Losses
BE.4.1 496.54 34 4
2018 U.S. EPA eGRID
CAMX (CO2, CH4, and N2O)
2018 Electricity –
CPPA T&D Losses
BE.4.1 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA (Hydroelectric
Project), International
Hydropower Association
Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Source
Natural Gas BE.1.1

53.02 kg/MMBtu

0.005
kg/MMBtu

0.0001
kg/MMBtu
USCP Appendix C - Table
B.1 and Table B.3
Propane (LPG) BE.1.2

5.79 kg/Gallon

0.001
kg/Gallon

0.0001
kg/Gallon
USCP Appendix C - Table
B.1 LPG and Table B.4
Residential LPG
Fuel Oil/Kerosene BE.1.2

10.15 kg/Gallon

0.0015
kg/Gallon

0.0001
kg/Gallon
USCP Appendix C - Table
B.1 Kerosene and Table
B.4 Residential Kerosene
Wood BE.1.2

93.80 kg/MMBtu

0.316
kg/MMBtu

0.0042
kg/MMBtu
USCP Appendix C - Table
B.2 Wood and Wood
Residuals and Table B.3
Biomass Fuels Solid
Residential
Table A-3. 2018 Residential Non-Utility Home Heating Fuel Use Calculations (EIA/ACS) Fuel Type Propane
Fuel Oil /
Kerosene
Wood Data Source
California Fuel Use in
2018
263,298,000 55,44,000 21,900,000
Energy Information
Administration (EIA) State
Energy Data System (SEDS)
2018 California Residential
Energy Use Estimates
Units Gallons Gallons MMBtu
# of 2018 California
Households
419,110 31,744 205,621 U.S. Census Bureau, 2018
American Community Survey
49 (ACS) 1-year estimates.

California Households using
Non-Utility Fuels for Home
Heating
Per Household Fuel Use 628.23 174.65 106.51
Units Gallons Gallons MMBtu
# of 2018 City of Angels
Camp Households using
Non-Utility Heating
Fuels
773 0 294
U.S. Census Bureau, 2018
American Community Survey
(ACS) 1-year estimates.

Non-Utility Derived Data
Non-utility activity data is shown in Table A-1. Propane and wood used in the City for home heating were estimated using EIA and ACS data. The EIA State Energy Data System California residential energy use estimates and the ACS 2018 1-year estimates of California households using non-utility fuels for home heating were used to calculate California per household fuel use. This per household fuel use factor was applied to the number of households using non-utility fuels for home heating in the City.

Table A-1 shows the activity data for home heating use. Table A-3 above shows the EIA/ACS propane and wood for 2018. Activity data was then entered into ClearPath using the calculation methods and emissions factors shown in Table A-2.

Electricity Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Losses Data Electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) losses activity data is shown in Table A-1.

T&D losses were calculated for residential electricity following EPA guidance, using EPA eGRID region grid gross loss (ggl) factors shown in Table A-2. EPA recommends multiplying electricity consumption by ggl/(1-ggl). The calculated T&D losses were entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using the EPA eGRID Western CAMX sub-region grid-average emissions factors.

Appendix B. Non-Residential (Commercial) Energy Use Sector Notes Table B-1. Non-Residential Activity Data
Activity / Source 2018 Units Data Source
Electricity (PG&E) 10,691,523 kWh Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) Electricity (CPPA) 1,399,724 kWh
Calaveras Public Power Agency
(Hydroelectric Project)
50 PG&E T&D Losses 513,193 kWh
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
eGRID (Western, CAMX, 2018)
CPPA T&D Losses 67,187 kWh
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
eGRID (Western, CAMX, 2018)
T&D Grid Loss Factor 4.80 %
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
eGRID (Western, CAMX, 2018)
Total Electricity kWh Data Source
Natural Gas (PG&E) 0 Therms Pacific Gas & Electric Company Propane (LPG) 9,736 Gallons
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
U.S. Energy Information Administration,
and U.S. Census Bureau American
Community Survey
Methods
Utility-Derived Data
Utility-provided activity data is shown in Table B-1. Electricity, natural gas and other stationary fuel consumption data were collected from Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), Calaveras Public Power Agency (CPPA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eGRID (EPA eGRID) for all commercial facilities within City limits. The activity data was entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using utility and EPA reported grid emissions factors. The calculation methods and emissions factors are shown in Table B-2.

Table B-2. Non-Residential GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Source
2018 Electricity –
PG&E
BE.2.2 206 34 4
2018 PG&E (CO2) & 2018
U.S. EPA eGRID CAMX
(CH4 and N2O)
2018 Electricity –
CPPA
BE.2.2 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA (Hydroelectric
Project), International
Hydropower Association
2018 Electricity –
PG&E T&D Losses
BE.4.1 496.54 34 4
2018 U.S. EPA eGRID
CAMX (CO2, CH4, and N2O)
2018 Electricity –
CPPA T&D Losses
BE.4.1 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA (Hydroelectric
Project), International
Hydropower Association
51 Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Source
Natural Gas BE.1.1

53.02 kg/MMBtu

0.005
kg/MMBtu

0.0001
kg/MMBtu
USCP Appendix C - Table
B.1 and Table B.3
Propane (LPG) BE.1.2

5.79 kg/Gallon

0.001
kg/Gallon

0.0001
kg/Gallon
USCP Appendix C - Table
B.1 LPG and Table B.4
Residential LPG
Table B-3. 2018 Non-Residential Non-Utility Heating Fuel Use Calculations (EIA) Activity / Source Propane Data Data Source
U.S. Propane Use 1,923,497,268 Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2018 U.S. Commercial Energy
Units Gallons Use Estimates (SEDS)
2018 U.S. Commercial Square Footage 97,000,000,000
Energy Information Administration
(EIA) 2018 Commercial Square
Footage Estimates (CBECS)
Per Square Foot Use 0.0198
Units Gallons
2018 City of Angels Camp Commercial
Square Footage
490,969 City of Angels Camp
Non-Utility Derived Data
Propane is widely used throughout the City for heating purposes. Propane data was estimated using commercial propane usage data and commercial square footage data from the EIA. This data was then scaled using commercial square footage within the City and is shown in Table B-3.

Electricity Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Losses Data Electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) losses activity data is shown in Table B-1.

T&D losses were calculated for commercial electricity following EPA guidance, using EPA eGRID region grid gross loss (ggl) factors shown in Table B-2. EPA recommends multiplying electricity consumption by ggl/(1-ggl). The calculated T&D losses were entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using the EPA eGRID Western CAMX sub-region grid-average emissions factors.
52 Appendix C. Community Transportation Sector Notes
Table C-1. Community Transportation Activity Data
On-Road Activity / Source (Scaled) Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Data Source Gasoline Vehicles 29,915,729
Calaveras Council of
Governments (CCOG)
U.S. Census Bureau
Population Data (for
Population Scaling)
California Air Resources
Board (CARB) EMFAC
2017
Diesel Vehicles 4,825,165
Electric Vehicles 41,507
Natural Gas Vehicles 7,092
Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles 148,365
Total City of Angels Camp Annual VMT 34,937,859
EMFAC City of Angels Camp VMT 109,494
Off-Road Vehicles (Scaled) Direct
ClearPath Input
Unit Data Source
1,182 CO2(Metric Tons) CARB OFFROAD 2017,
U.S EPA Emissions
Factors, and IPCC 5th
Assessment Global
Warming Potential

0.13 CH4(Metric Tons)

0.053 N2O (Metric Tons)
Table C-2. Community Transportation GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity / Source Method CO2 CH4 N2O Emissions Factor Source Gasoline Vehicles (g/mile) TR.1.B 420.20 0.0164 0.0184
CARB EMFAC 2017
Diesel Vehicles (g/mile) TR.1.B 889.75 0.0130 0.14
Electric Vehicles (g/mile) TR.1.B 0 0 0
Natural Gas Vehicles
(g/mile)
TR.1.B 990.45 0.5803 0.2019
Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles
(g/mile)
TR.1.B 165.04 0.0006 0.00075
53 Methods
On-Road Vehicles
On-road transportation emissions for the City were calculated using vehicle miles traveled (VMT) estimated by Calaveras Council of Governments’ Travel Demand Model and EMFAC2017 data for the County, which was scaled to the City using population data. The CCOG analysis included all miles traveled within the County in 2018, as well as trips that started in boundary and ended out of boundary and trips that started out of boundary and ended in boundary. On-road transportation activity data is shown in Table C-1. Activity data was entered into ClearPath, where City-level fuel and vehicle-specific emissions factors, shown in Table C-2, were applied to calculate the GHG emissions associated with community on-road transportation. The methodology for collecting and conditioning this data is as follows:

Fuel / Vehicle Type Breakdown and Emissions Calculations VMT and emissions percentages by fuel type are estimated for the County using the CARB’s EMFAC 2017 model, run for 2018 and scaled to the City using population. Data from this model was used to derive county-specific per-mile emissions factors and vehicle fuel efficiencies for gas, diesel, natural gas, hybrid, and electric fuels for passenger cars, light-duty trucks and heavy-duty trucks. These were applied to the City’s VMT estimates to derive emissions by fuel type.

EMFAC 2017 reports CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions factors for different vehicle type and fuel combinations for every county in California, informed by California Department of Motor Vehicles registrations, the Smog Check program and other data sources. Average CO2,CH4, and N2O emissions factors were calculated for passenger vehicles, light trucks, and heavy trucks.

Off-Road Emissions
Off-road emissions for the City were obtained from the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) OFFROAD 2017 model. Included were emissions attributed to off-road, fuel-consuming equipment categories including Industrial, Light Commercial, and Construction vehicles. These are equipment types that are thought to have significant operation within the County and were scaled to the City using population. Emissions data, shown in Table C-1, was entered into ClearPath.
54 Appendix D. Community Solid Waste Sector Notes
Table D-1. Community Solid Waste Activity Data
Landfill
2018 Waste
Generation (Tons)
Landfill Gas
Capture?
2018 Distance to
Facility (Miles)
Data Source
Forward
Landfill
1,056 Yes 55.10
Calaveras County
Integrated Waste
Management,
CalRecycle, and
Google Maps Rock Creek
Landfill
2,463 Yes 32.10
Table D-2. Community Solid Waste GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity /
Source
Method Type Emissions Factor
Emissions Factor
Source
Transportation
of Solid Waste
SW.6
Solid Waste
Transportation

0.00014 Metric Tons CO2e
/ Wet Short Ton / Mile
USCP Appendix E
Activity /
Source
Method Type %
Metric Tons CH4 /
Wet Short Ton
Emissions Factor
Source
CommunityGenerated Solid
Waste
Characterization

12.2.2 Newspaper 1.20 0.043
CalRecycle
Calaveras County
Waste
Characterization
Study for 2018
USCP Appendix E
Office Paper 1.80 0.203
Corrugated
Cardboard

5.20 0.120
Magazines/Third
Class Mail

8.40 0.049
Food Scraps 18.20 0.078
Grass 1.15 0.038
Leaves 2.70 0.013
Branches 3.05 0.062
Dimensional
Lumber

23.70 0.062
All Other
(Non-Organic)

34.60 0
55 Methods
Community-Generated Solid Waste
Solid waste generated in the City of Angels Camp and disposed of in landfills emits GHGs.

Emissions reported for 2018 occur at the landfills over the entire period that waste decomposes, estimated to be 100 years. The tonnage of landfilled waste generated by City residents, businesses, and visitors was collected from the Calaveras County Integrated Waste Management and scaled to the City using population.

Waste characterization percentages from CalRecycle, shown in Table D-2, were applied to the tonnage of community-generated waste that was landfilled. The waste tonnage and characterization data were entered into ClearPath, where GHG emissions were calculated based on standard factors for organic content and methane-generating potential for each waste type. Emissions were adjusted based on the presence of landfill gas capture systems.

Solid Waste Transportation
Solid waste transportation emissions include emissions from the trucks used to transport the waste to the regional landfills. The tonnage of waste collected and the distance to the landfills were entered into ClearPath to calculate GHG emissions using default per-ton-mile CO2e emissions (the GHGs emitted to transport one ton of waste one mile).

It is important to acknowledge the benefits of recycling and composting that lower waste volumes and emissions. When waste volumes are reduced, transportation emissions are likewise reduced, and when incoming organic waste is diverted, landfill emissions are also reduced. Finally, upstream emissions from materials manufacturing are reduced when recycled materials displace virgin materials.

Appendix E. Community Potable Water Use Sector Notes
Table E-1. Community Potable Water Electricity Use Activity Data - Information Item Year Service
Electricity
Use (kWh)
Potable Water
Provided
(Gallons)
Energy Intensity
(kWh / Million
Gallons)
Population
Served
Data Source
2020 CPPA 197,600 321,800,000 614.05 3,875
USCP, City of
Angels Camp
56 Table E-2. Community Potable Water GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Emissions Factor
Source
2018 Electricity -
CPPA
BE.2.2 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA
(Hydroelectric Project),
International
Hydropower
Association
Methods
Community Potable Water Electricity Use
The City’s potable water use activity data is shown in Table E-1. Data was collected from the City of Angels Camp. Even though the wastewater treatment plant is located outside of City limits, it is included in this analysis because it is owned and operated by the City. The electricity use was marked as an “information only” item to prevent double counting. The electricity use was entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using relevant emissions factors for electricity shown in Table E-2. T&D losses were calculated by applying the EPA eGRID grid loss factors to the electricity used and then entering the loss into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using the relevant emissions factors. All of this data was marked as “information only” to prevent double counting.

Appendix F. Community Wastewater Treatment Sector Notes Table F-1. Community Wastewater Treatment Electricity Use Activity Data - Information Item
Year Service
Electricity
Use (kWh)
Water Treated
(Gallons)
Energy Intensity
(kWh / Million
Gallons)
Population
Served
Data Source
2020 CPPA 1,400,000 168,000,000 8,333 3,875
USCP, City of
Angels Camp
57 Table F-2. Community Wastewater Treatment GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors
Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Emissions Factor
Source
2018 Electricity –
CPPA
BE.2.2 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA
(Hydroelectric Project),
International
Hydropower
Association
Activity / Source Method CO2 CH4 N2O
Emissions Factor
Source
Central Plants - with
Nitrification /
Denitrification
(Population-Based)
WW.7 N/A N/A
7 g N2O /
person / year
USCP Appendix F
Central Plants -
without Nitrification
/ Denitrification
(Population-Based)
WW.8 N/A N/A

3.2 g N2O /
person / year
USCP Appendix F
Effluent
(Population-Based) WW.12 N/A N/A

0.005 kg
N2O‐N/kg
sewage‐N
discharged
USCP Appendix F
Lagoons - No
Primary Treatment
(Population-Based)
WW.6 N/A

0.6 kg CH4
/ kg BOD5
N/A USCP Appendix F
Septic Systems
(Population-Based) WW.11 N/A

0.6 kg CH4
/ kg BOD5
N/A USCP Appendix F
Methods
Community Wastewater Treatment Electricity Use
Community-generated wastewater treatment activity data for 2018 is shown in Table F-1.

Data on electricity use, wastewater treated, and population served by the plants and systems were collected from City staff and Calaveras County Public Power Agency (CPPA).

Because the wastewater treatment infrastructure lies within the City, the electricity use is marked as “information only” to prevent double counting. The electricity use was entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using utility-reported grid emissions factors for electricity shown in Table F-2. T&D losses were calculated by applying the EPA eGRID regional grid loss factors to the total electricity use and then entered into 58 ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using the EPA eGRID Western CAMX sub-region grid average emissions factors. All of this data was marked as “information only” to prevent double counting.

Table F-3. Community Wastewater Treatment Operations Activity Data 2018
Facility
Wastewater
Treated (MG)
Population
Served
Commercial /
Industrial
Factor
Nitrification /
Denitrification?
Aerobic?
Data
Source
City of
Angels
Camp
168 3,875 1 Yes Yes
City of
Angels
Camp
Community Wastewater Treatment Facility Process and Fugitive Emissions There are two emissions associated with wastewater treatment processes: methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which together account for a small part of total community-based GHG emissions. Calculating the makeup and amount of emissions depends on the processes involved and the management practices employed.

City wastewater treatment is operated by one central treatment facility. Operational parameters of the wastewater treatment systems are delineated in Table F-3. The plant is aerobic with nitrification / denitrification nutrient-removal systems. The wastewater treatment activity data were entered into ClearPath, where GHG emissions were calculated using the standard methods and emissions factors from the United States Community Protocol (USCP) and Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) that are shown in Table F-2.

Uncertainties
According to the EPA national inventory of greenhouse gas emissions, considerable uncertainty exists within any of the EPA/IPCC‐based methodologies used to estimate wastewater process and fugitive emissions. EPA states that population-based methane emissions could be underestimated by 37% or overestimated by 47% while nitrous oxide emissions could be underestimated by 76% or overestimated by 93%. Emissions estimates based on direct source measurements can possibly have higher accuracy and less uncertainty. This extreme degree of uncertainty exists because these methodologies were originally developed for international countrywide inventories that were mainly population‐based. By necessity, these methodologies were generalized “top‐down” 59 approaches that sought to provide emissions estimates for countries where detailed information would be impractical to obtain. Although these methodologies had the advantage of being relatively simple to calculate, the trade‐off was a compromised level of accuracy. Nevertheless, the methodologies in this Appendix reflect the evolution of knowledge since the development of the LGOP and rely upon direct measurement where possible.

Methods are evolving but especially where the emissions are based on population and default inputs, communities should exercise caution in drawing conclusions or establishing policies based on these calculations.

Government Operations Inventory Appendices
Appendix G. Buildings and Facilities Sector Notes
Table G-1. Buildings and Facilities Electricity and Natural Gas Activity Data Building / Facility Activity / Source kWh Unit Source
City of Angels Camp
Facilities
Electricity (PG&E) 66,725 kWh
Pacific Gas &
Electric
Company
(PG&E)
City of Angels Camp
Facilities
Electricity (CPPA) 1,399,724 kWh
Calaveras
Public Power
Agency (CPPA)
City of Angels Camp
Facilities
Propane 1,073 gallons EIA
Table G-2. Buildings and Facilities GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity /
Source
Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Source
2018
Electricity –
PG&E

6.2 206 34 4
2018 PG&E (CO2) &
2018 U.S. EPA eGRID
CAMX (CH4 and N2O)
2018
Electricity –
CPPA

6.2 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA
(Hydroelectric Project),
International
Hydropower
Association
60 Activity /
Source
Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Source
Natural Gas BE.1.1

53.02 kg/MMBtu

0.005
kg/MMBtu

0.0001
kg/MMBtu
USCP Appendix C -
Table B.1 and Table B.3
Propane
(LPG)
BE.1.2

5.79 kg/Gallon

0.001
kg/Gallon

0.0001
kg/Gallon
USCP Appendix C -
Table B.1 LPG and
Table B.4 Residential
LPG
Methods
Buildings and facilities electricity and propane data, shown in Table G-1, was collected from Pacific Gas & Electric Company, Calaveras Public Power Agency, and the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The propane data was scaled to City facility square footage using estimates from national commercial energy use and national commercial square footage data. The activity data was entered into ClearPath, where GHG emissions were calculated using the calculation methods and emissions factors shown in Table G-2.

Appendix H. Vehicle Fleet Sector Notes
Table H-1. Vehicle Fleet Activity Data
Activity / Source
On-Road Unless
Noted Off-Road
Total Fuel
Use
(Gallons)
Annual Miles
Traveled
(VMT)
VMT %
Passenger
Vehicles
VMT %
Light
Trucks
VMT %
Heavy
Trucks
Data Source
Gasoline Vehicles 10,905 185,102 48.62 48.85 2.53 City of Angels Camp (Public
Works,
Police, and
Fire
Departments)
Diesel Vehicles 5,849 49,144 0 13.86 86.14
Off Road Gasoline 39.00 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Off Road Diesel 5,186 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Table H-2. Vehicle Fleet GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity /
Source
Method
CO2
kg / gallon
CH4 grams /
mile
N2O grams /
mile
Emissions Factor
Source
On-Road
Passenger
Gasoline

7.1.1.1 and

7.1.3.3 8.78 0.0186 0.0093
LGOP Appendix G -
Table G.11 (CO2)
and U.S. National
Transportation
Defaults (CH4 and
N2O)
On-Road Light
Trucks Gasoline

7.1.1.1 and

7.1.3.3 8.78 0.0201 0.0167
61 On-Road Heavy
Trucks Gasoline

7.1.1.1 and

7.1.3.3 8.78 0.086 0.0664
On-Road
Passenger
Diesel

7.1.1.1 and

7.1.3.3 10.21 0.0005 0.001
On-Road Light
Trucks Diesel

7.1.1.1 and

7.1.3.3 10.21 0.001 0.0015
On-Road Heavy
Trucks Diesel

7.1.1.1 and

7.1.3.3 10.21 0.0051 0.0048
Off-Road Large
Utility Diesel

7.1.1.1 and

7.2 10.21

0.58 grams / gallon
LGOP Appendix G -
Table G.11 (CO2) &
G.14 (CH4 and N2O)
Methods
The 2018 vehicle fleet information, including vehicles miles traveled (VMT) and fuel use (by type and department) was collected from City staff. Vehicle fleet-specific 2018 miles per gallon (MPG) data was used to calculate annual mileage and fuel use for each vehicle.

Vehicle breakdown and fuel use were entered into ClearPath. 62 Appendix I. Employee Commute Sector Notes
Figure I-1. Employee Commute Survey
63 64
Table I-1. Employee Commute Activity Data
Fuel Vehicle Type 2018 Vehicle Miles Traveled % Data Source Number of
Employees
N/A 40 N/A
City of Angels
Camp
Gasoline
Passenger
Cars
254,250

49.73 City of Angels
Camp, 2021
Employee
Commute
Surveys
Light Trucks 50.27
Heavy Trucks 0
Diesel
Passenger
Cars
49,271

10.23 Light Trucks 89.77
Heavy Trucks 0
Total All Types 303,521 N/A
65 Table I-2: Employee Commute GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity / Source Method
CO2 kg /
gallon
CH4 grams /
mile
N2O grams /
mile
Emissions Factor
Source
Passenger Vehicles -
Gasoline

7.1.1.1 and

7.1.3.3 8.78 0.0186 0.0093
LGOP Appendix G -
Table G.11 (CO2)
and U.S. National
Transportation
Defaults (CH4 and
N2O)
Light Trucks -
Gasoline

8.78 0.0201 0.0167
Heavy Trucks -
Gasoline

8.78 0.086 0.0664
Passenger Vehicles -
Diesel

10.21 0.0005 0.001
Light Trucks - Diesel 10.21 0.001 0.0015
Heavy Trucks - Diesel 10.21 0.0051 0.0048
Methods
Employee commute emissions were calculated using employee surveys conducted in 2021 to use as a proxy for the year 2018. There were 40 respondents out of the 40 total employees. The survey collected information regarding travel distances, modes, and frequency. Business travel is not delineated in the surveys, but emissions from business travel in City vehicles is captured in the Vehicle Fleet sector. The VMT activity data, shown in Table I-1, was then entered into ClearPath, where GHG emissions were calculated using the methods and emissions factors shown in Table I-2. The fuel efficiencies were used to convert VMT to fuel use for the emissions calculations.

Appendix J. Solid Waste Sector Notes
Table J-1. Government Operations Solid Waste Activity Data Landfill Name 2018 Wet Tons
Density (lbs /
Cubic Yard)
Data Source
Forward Landfill 22 194.5 City of Angels
Camp
Rock Creek Landfill 51.34 194.5
Total Government Operations Waste 73.34
66 Table J-2. Solid Waste Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity /
Source
Method Type Emissions Factor
Emissions Factor
Source
Transportation
of Solid Waste
SW.6
Solid Waste
Transportation

0.00014 Metric Tons CO2e
/ wet short ton / mile
USCP Appendix E
Activity /
Source
Method Type %
Metric Tons CH4 /
Wet Short Ton
Percentages and
Emissions Factor
Source
Government
Operations Solid
Waste
Characterization

12.2.2 Newspaper 2.59 0.043
CalRecycle
Calaveras County
Public
Administration
2018 Waste
Characterization
Study
LGOP Chapter 12
USCP Appendix E
Office Paper 27.80 0.203
Corrugated
Cardboard

4.70 0.120
Magazines /
Third Class
Mail

5.47 0.049
Food Scraps 14.60 0.078
Grass 1.35 0.038
Leaves 1.35 0.013
Branches 0.04 0.062
Dimensional
Lumber

14.12 0.062
All Other
(Non-Organic)

27.98 0
Methods
The City facility-generated solid waste data was collected from City staff in the form of cubic yards. The tonnage of solid waste, shown in Table J-1, was calculated using a density of 89 lbs per cubic yard, provided by the California Integrated Waste Management Board (CalRecycle) specifically tailored to public administration waste, and 300 lbs per cubic yard for community-generated waste. The average of these two values was used (194.5 lbs per cubic yard), as some of the waste was generated from community facilities where the City pays for the solid waste disposal. The solid waste was transferred to managed landfills for disposal, which have landfill-gas capture systems in place. The emissions associated with this waste occur at the landfill sites over the entire period of decomposition (estimated to be about 100 years).
67 The solid waste tonnage activity data was entered into ClearPath, where GHG emissions were calculated using CalRecycle’s public administration and City-wide percentages, coupled with standard emissions factors adopted by the California Air Resources Board, the California Climate Action Registry, ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability and The Climate Registry and shown in Table J-2.

Appendix K. City Operations Potable Water Electricity Use Table K-1. City Operations Potable Water Electricity Use Activity Data Year Service
Electricity
Use (kWh)
Potable Water
Provided
(Gallons)
Energy Intensity
(kWh / Million
Gallons)
Population
Served
Data Source
2020 CPPA 197,600 321,800,000 614.05 3,875
USCP, City of
Angels Camp
Table K-2. City Operations Potable Water GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors
Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Emissions Factor
Source
2018 Electricity -
CPPA
BE.2.2 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA
(Hydroelectric Project),
International
Hydropower
Association
Methods
City Operations Potable Water Electricity Use
The City’s potable water use activity data is shown in Table K-1. Data was collected from the City of Angels Camp. Even though the treatment plant is located outside of City limits, it is included in this analysis because it is owned and operated by the City. The electricity use was entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using relevant emissions factors for electricity shown in Table K-2.
68 Appendix L. City Operations Wastewater Treatment Sector Notes Table L-1. City Operations Wastewater (WW) Electricity Use Activity Data Year Service
Electricity
Use (kWh)
Water Treated
(Gallons)
Energy Intensity
(kWh / Million
Gallons)
Population
Served
Data Source
2020 CPPA 1,400,000 168,000,000 8,333 3,875
USCP, City of
Angels Camp
Table L-2. Energy Use GHG Calculation Methods & Emissions Factors Activity / Source Method
CO2
lbs/MWh
CH4
lbs/GWh
N2O
lbs/GWh
Emissions Factor
Source
2018 Electricity –
CPPA
BE.2.2 40.79 0 0
2018 CPPA
(Hydroelectric Project),
International
Hydropower
Association
Activity / Source Method CO2 CH4 N2O
Emissions Factor
Source
Central Plants - with
Nitrification /
Denitrification
(Population-Based)
WW.7 N/A N/A
7 g N2O /
person / year
USCP Appendix F
Central Plants -
without Nitrification
/ Denitrification
(Population-Based)
WW.8 N/A N/A

3.2 g N2O /
person / year
USCP Appendix F
Effluent
(Population-Based) WW.12 N/A N/A

0.005 kg
N2O‐N/kg
sewage‐N
discharged
USCP Appendix F
Lagoons - No
Primary Treatment
(Population-Based)
WW.6 N/A

0.6 kg CH4
/ kg BOD5
N/A USCP Appendix F
Septic Systems
(Population-Based) WW.11 N/A

0.6 kg CH4
/ kg BOD5
N/A USCP Appendix F
69 Table L-3. City Operations Wastewater Treatment Facility Data 2018
Facility
Wastewater
Treated (MG)
Population
Served
Commercial /
Industrial
Factor
Nitrification /
Denitrification?
Aerobic?
Data
Source
City of
Angels
Camp
168 3,875 1 Yes Yes
City of
Angels
Camp
Methods
Wastewater Treatment Energy Use
Wastewater treatment activity data for 2018 is shown in Table L-1. Data on electricity use and water volumes were collected from City staff. Transmission and distribution losses were calculated by applying the EPA eGRID regional grid loss factors to the total electricity use and then entered into ClearPath, where the GHG emissions were calculated using the EPA eGRID Western CAMX sub-region grid average emissions factors. This data was marked as “information only” to prevent double counting.

Wastewater Treatment Facility Process and Fugitive Emissions City wastewater treatment is operated by one central treatment facility. Operational parameters of the wastewater treatment systems are delineated in Table L-3. The plant is aerobic with nitrification / denitrification nutrient-removal systems. The wastewater treatment activity data were entered into ClearPath, where GHG emissions were calculated using the standard methods and emissions factors from the United States Community Protocol (USCP) and Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) that are shown in Table L-2.

Forecast Data & Growth Rate Appendices
Appendix M. Forecast
Methods
BAU projections are intended to demonstrate the expected growth in GHG emissions if no reduction measures are taken. The BAU forecast is beneficial in that it allows for comparison between forecasted and actual observed emissions to determine what emissions reduction progress has been made to date, as well as to assess whether or not 70 future reduction goals could be met by the reduction efforts made to date. BAU forecast estimates future community-wide GHG emissions in the years 2030, 2035, and 2045. A BAU forecast is based on two inputs — current emissions data and growth rates. Baseline emissions data came from the 2018 inventory. Growth rates were calculated based on projected growth of relevant indicator variables.

An adjusted scenario forecast, or adjusted BAU (ABAU), accounts for legislative adjustments and projected emissions reductions resulting from legislative action. This includes future updates to statewide vehicle fleet standards and renewable portfolio standards. ABAU forecasts are developed using two inputs — current emissions data and either BAU projections or adjusted rates of growth or decay.

Calculating the emissions forecast is achieved by isolating an indicator variable for the various sectors and sub-sectors that were evaluated in the inventory and then assess how that indicator variable is projected to increase or decrease into the future and apply that rate of change to the emissions from that sector or sub-sector.

For example, agricultural emissions forecasts are based on projecting forward current trends in agricultural activities. This includes the number of livestock and crop production acreage as provided in recent Calaveras County Agriculture Production Reports. The previous ten years of reported data were used to develop growth factors for the emissions forecast. A slight growth in acres of farmland was shown and a growth rate was calculated.

Additionally, livestock numbers show no evidence of trend over the 10 year period between 2010 and 2019. Accordingly, livestock population was assumed to remain constant through the emissions forecast period. The forecast was developed out to 2045 using a number of indicator variables for different sectors and subsectors to arrive at our BAU forecast. This process was applied to each sector and sub-sector.

For the City forecasts, two different scenarios were included for both BAU and ABAU forecasts in order to paint a more holistic picture of what might happen in the County in the future. For both BAU and ABAU forecasts, there are two different scenarios: a growth scenario that is aligned with the 2019 Calaveras County General Plan (General Plan) 38 , using
2018 California Department of Finance (DOF) data
39 , and a declining growth scenario that
uses current 2021 DOF population projections (as of this report, pulled in June 2021). The 2018 projection data with a population growth resulted in increasing emissions for BAU forecast and decreasing emissions for the ABAU forecast. The 2021 projection data with a 39 Projections. (2021). California Department of Finance. 38 Calaveras County General Plan. (2019). Calaveras County. 71 population decline resulted in decreasing emissions for BAU forecast and decreasing emissions for the ABAU forecast.

Sierra Business Council (SBC) also investigated the Regional Housing Needs Allocation 40 ,
through California's Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). HCD is based off of DOF population projection data, where the values from the 2018 Housing Element were most likely pulled from 2017 DOF population projection data and HCD applied an adjusted DOF population value. SBC also discovered and resolved discrepancies among DOF projections across different data sets, resulting in the DOF instructing us to use P2A population projections.

The project clients (CCOG and Calaveras County) and the consultants determined using the 2018 DOF population projection data may likely yield the most representative forecast scenario. It is the closest data set that aligns to the General Plan.

The rate of change for the Calaveras County VMT projections was applied to the on-road transportation sector. We did not use DOF household data for any of the sectors in the forecast scenarios. As the household projection rate is similar to the population projection rate, we felt comfortable applying the population projection rate in lieu of the household projection rate. The sources for all of the growth rate indicators are located in Tables N-1 and N-2.

Table M-1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Business-as-Usual Forecast (2021 California Department of Finance Population Projections) Year
Residential
Energy
Non-Residential
Energy
Transportation
Solid
Waste
Water and
Wastewater
Total
Emissions
2018 4,459 1,207 18,437 1,037 52.78 25,193
2019 4,442 1,214 18,523 1,033 52.58 25,265
2020 4,431 1,221 18,611 1,030 52.44 25,346
2021 4,417 1,228 18,699 1,027 52.28 25,423
2022 4,417 1,235 18,790 1,027 52.28 25,521
2023 4,424 1,242 18,883 1,029 52.37 25,630
2024 4,434 1,249 18,976 1,031 52.49 25,744
2025 4,446 1,256 19,071 1,034 52.63 25,860
2026 4,457 1,263 19,165 1,037 52.76 25,974
40 Calaveras Final Regional Housing Need Determination. (2018). California Department of Housing and Community Development.
72 2027 4,470 1,270 19,259 1,040 52.90 26,091
2028 4,484 1,277 19,354 1,043 53.08 26,211
2029 4,490 1,284 19,446 1,044 53.14 26,318
2030 4,494 1,291 19,539 1,045 53.19 26,422
2031 4,505 1,298 19,633 1,048 53.32 26,537
2032 4,510 1,305 19,725 1,049 53.39 26,643
2033 4,512 1,312 19,817 1,049 53.41 26,744
2034 4,513 1,319 19,908 1,050 53.41 26,842
2035 4,511 1,326 19,998 1,049 53.39 26,938
2036 4,512 1,333 20,090 1,049 53.41 27,038
2037 4,508 1,340 20,180 1,048 53.35 27,129
2038 4,503 1,347 20,270 1,047 53.30 27,220
2039 4,492 1,354 20,358 1,045 53.16 27,301
2040 4,488 1,361 20,448 1,044 53.12 27,394
2041 4,473 1,368 20,535 1,040 52.94 27,469
2042 4,465 1,375 20,624 1,038 52.85 27,555
2043 4,454 1,382 20,712 1,036 52.72 27,636
2044 4,448 1,389 20,801 1,034 52.64 27,725
2045 4,439 1,396 20,890 1,032 52.54 27,809
Table M-2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Business-as-Usual Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) Year
Residential
Energy
Non-Residential
Energy
Transportation
Solid
Waste
Water and
Wastewater
Total
Emissions
2018 4,459 1,207 18,437 1,037 52.78 25,193
2019 4,471 1,214 18,531 1,040 52.92 25,308
2020 4,485 1,221 18,626 1,043 53.09 25,428
2021 4,502 1,228 18,721 1,047 53.29 25,552
2022 4,521 1,235 18,817 1,051 53.51 25,678
2023 4,540 1,242 18,914 1,056 53.74 25,806
2024 4,562 1,249 19,011 1,061 54.00 25,936
2025 4,583 1,256 19,107 1,066 54.25 26,067
73 2026 4,604 1,263 19,204 1,071 54.49 26,196
2027 4,624 1,270 19,301 1,076 54.74 26,325
2028 4,645 1,277 19,397 1,080 54.98 26,455
2029 4,664 1,284 19,493 1,085 55.20 26,581
2030 4,681 1,291 19,589 1,089 55.41 26,706
2031 4,698 1,298 19,685 1,093 55.61 26,830
2032 4,714 1,305 19,780 1,096 55.80 26,951
2033 4,729 1,312 19,875 1,100 55.97 27,071
2034 4,742 1,319 19,970 1,103 56.12 27,189
2035 4,753 1,326 20,064 1,106 56.26 27,305
2036 4,762 1,333 20,157 1,108 56.36 27,416
2037 4,771 1,340 20,251 1,110 56.47 27,528
2038 4,779 1,347 20,344 1,111 56.56 27,638
2039 4,786 1,354 20,437 1,113 56.65 27,747
2040 4,792 1,361 20,530 1,115 56.73 27,855
2041 4,798 1,368 20,622 1,116 56.80 27,962
2042 4,803 1,375 20,714 1,117 56.85 28,066
2043 4,807 1,382 20,807 1,118 56.90 28,170
2044 4,811 1,389 20,899 1,119 56.94 28,274
2045 4,815 1,396 20,991 1,120 56.99 28,378
Table M-3. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast (2021 California Department of Finance Population Projections) Year
Residential
Energy
Non-Residential
Energy
Transportation
Solid
Waste
Water and
Wastewater
Total
Emissions
2018 4,460 1,207 18,436 1,037 52.78 25,193
2019 4,348 1,125 18,182 1,033 52.58 24,741
2020 4,240 1,043 17,928 1,030 52.44 24,294
2021 4,130 961 17,674 1,027 52.28 23,845
2022 4,030 879 17,420 1,027 52.28 23,408
2023 3,934 797 17,165 1,029 52.37 22,978
2024 3,841 715 16,911 1,031 52.49 22,551
74 2025 3,749 633 16,657 1,034 52.63 22,126
2026 3,728 611 16,403 1,037 52.76 21,831
2027 3,708 588 16,149 1,040 52.90 21,537
2028 3,690 565 15,894 1,043 53.08 21,246
2029 3,666 542 15,640 1,044 53.14 20,946
2030 3,641 520 15,386 1,045 53.19 20,645
2031 3,611 489 15,179 1,048 53.32 20,380
2032 3,577 459 14,972 1,049 53.39 20,111
2033 3,541 428 14,765 1,049 53.41 19,838
2034 3,504 398 14,559 1,050 53.41 19,563
2035 3,465 368 14,352 1,049 53.39 19,287
2036 3,428 337 14,276 1,049 53.41 19,144
2037 3,388 307 14,200 1,048 53.35 18,997
2038 3,347 276 14,125 1,047 53.30 18,849
2039 3,302 246 14,049 1,045 53.16 18,695
2040 3,262 216 13,973 1,044 53.12 18,548
2041 3,214 185 13,897 1,040 52.94 18,390
2042 3,171 155 13,821 1,038 52.85 18,239
2043 3,126 124 13,746 1,036 52.72 18,085
2044 3,084 94 13,670 1,034 52.64 17,935
2045 3,041 64 13,594 1,032 52.54 17,784
Table M-4. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecast Data for Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast (2018 California Department of Finance Population Projections) Year
Residential
Energy
Non-Residential
Energy
Transportation
Solid
Waste
Water and
Wastewater
Total
Emissions
2018 4,460 1,207 18,436 1,037 52.78 25,193
2019 4,367 1,125 18,182 1,040 52.92 24,767
2020 4,277 1,043 17,928 1,043 53.09 24,344
2021 4,188 961 17,674 1,047 53.29 23,924
2022 4,101 879 17,420 1,051 53.51 23,504
2023 4,014 797 17,165 1,056 53.74 23,086
75 2024 3,928 715 16,911 1,061 54.00 22,669
2025 3,842 633 16,657 1,066 54.25 22,253
2026 3,828 611 16,403 1,071 54.49 21,967
2027 3,814 588 16,149 1,076 54.74 21,681
2028 3,801 565 15,894 1,080 54.98 21,395
2029 3,785 542 15,640 1,085 55.20 21,107
2030 3,769 520 15,386 1,089 55.41 20,819
2031 3,743 489 15,179 1,093 55.61 20,560
2032 3,717 459 14,972 1,096 55.80 20,300
2033 3,689 428 14,765 1,100 55.97 20,039
2034 3,661 398 14,559 1,103 56.12 19,776
2035 3,631 368 14,352 1,106 56.26 19,513
2036 3,599 337 14,276 1,108 56.36 19,377
2037 3,568 307 14,200 1,110 56.47 19,241
2038 3,536 276 14,125 1,111 56.56 19,105
2039 3,504 246 14,049 1,113 56.65 18,968
2040 3,471 216 13,973 1,115 56.73 18,831
2041 3,437 185 13,897 1,116 56.80 18,693
2042 3,403 155 13,821 1,117 56.85 18,553
2043 3,368 124 13,746 1,118 56.90 18,413
2044 3,333 94 13,670 1,119 56.94 18,273
2045 3,299 64 13,594 1,120 56.99 18,133
Appendix N. Growth Rates
Table N-1. Growth Rate Indicators & Sources for Business-as-Usual Forecast Sector Indicator Source
Residential Energy
Population (2018 & 2021
Projections)
California Department of Finance
Non-Residential Energy Employment
California Employment Development
Department
On-Road Transportation VMT Projections Calaveras Council of Governments 76 Off-Road Transportation
Population (2018 & 2021
Projections)
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community
Survey
Solid Waste
Population (2018 & 2021
Projections)
California Department of Finance
Water and Wastewater
Population (2018 & 2021
Projections)
California Department of Finance
Table N-2. Growth Rate Indicators & Sources for Adjusted Business-as-Usual Forecast Sector Indicator Source
Residential Energy
Electricity - Renewable Portfolio
Standard
Other Fuels - Population (2018 &
2021 Projections)
SB 100
California Department of Finance
Non-Residential Energy
Electricity - Renewable Portfolio
Standard
Other Fuels - Employment
SB 100
California Department of Finance
On-Road Transportation Emissions Rates (EMFAC 2021) California Air Resources Board Off-Road Transportation Emissions Rates (OFFROAD 2017) California Air Resources Board Solid Waste
Population (2018 & 2021
Projections)
California Department of Finance
Water and Wastewater
Population (2018 & 2021
Projections)
California Department of Finance
Table N-3. Population, Employment, and VMT Projections (County Data*) Year
Population
(DOF, 2018)
Population
(DOF, 2021)
Employment
(CEDD)
VMT Projections
(CCOG)
2018 44,692 44,572 57,414 316,278,459
2019 44,808 44,403
2020 44,953 44,286
2021 45,126 44,153
2022 45,308 44,150
2023 45,507 44,222
2024 45,721 44,325
2025 45,934 44,443
2026 46,142 44,551
2027 46,349 44,677
2028 46,557 44,824 60,982
2029 46,741 44,877
77 2030 46,920 44,919
2031 47,091 45,031
2032 47,246 45,085
2033 47,393 45,102
2034 47,523 45,106
2035 47,642 45,087 608,147,022
2036 47,725 45,100
2037 47,816 45,057
2038 47,896 45,011
2039 47,969 44,896
2040 48,033 44,860
2041 48,093 44,711
2042 48,135 44,628
2043 48,177 44,520
2044 48,215 44,456
2045 48,256 44,368
*The above data represents the Calaveras County projections. There was no data available for the City of Angels Camp specifically, so the above data was used to represent the rate of change for the City through 2045.

Appendix O. Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Attached as a separate document.
78 Prepared for:

Calaveras
County June 2021
Prepared by:

Calaveras County
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Reduction Plan
Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions
from Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Table of Contents
Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment i
Table of Contents
1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................1 2 Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020).................................................3

2.1 NWL Carbon Inventories Data Sources...............................................................................4

2.2 NWL Carbon Inventories Methods and Findings................................................................5

2.2.1 Land-cover Classification ....................................................................................5

2.2.2 Carbon Stock Estimates......................................................................................9

2.3 County NWL Carbon Inventory Summary.........................................................................14 3 Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire..............................................15

3.1 Carbon and Fire Cycle .......................................................................................................15

3.2 Land Carbon Stock by Vegetation Type ............................................................................18

3.3 Potential Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss....................................................................19

3.3.1 Cause, Vegetation Type, and Area of Emissions Impacts.................................20

3.3.2 Wildfire-related GHG Emissions Case Study – Butte Fire.................................21

3.4 County Land Carbon Management Scenarios...................................................................24

3.5 County Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Summary .......................................................24 4 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire....................................................25

4.1 Historical Wildfire .............................................................................................................25

4.2 Wildfire Exposure Potential ..............................................................................................27

4.2.1 Existing Fire Hazard Severity Zones..................................................................27 Projected Wildfire Exposure Due to Climate Change .......................................................29

4.3 Wildfire Community Sensitivities......................................................................................31

4.3.1 Populations.......................................................................................................32

4.3.2 Buildings............................................................................................................33

4.3.3 Infrastructure....................................................................................................33

4.3.4 Natural and Managed Resources .....................................................................34

4.4 Wildfire Impacts Due to Climate Change..........................................................................35

4.5 Wildland Urban Interface Vulnerability ............................................................................35

4.5.1 Wildfire Cause and Times of Year.....................................................................35

4.5.2 Developed Areas Impacted by Wildfire............................................................36

4.5.3 Wildfire Climate Change Vulnerability Case Study – Butte Fire .......................37

4.6 County Climate Change Vulnerability Summary...............................................................40 5 Wildfire Impact Reduction Best Practices ....................................................................................41

5.1.1 Restored Forest/Shrub/Grassland Health and Resilience ................................41

5.1.2 Improved Community and Land Use Fire Safety ..............................................42

5.1.3 Sustained Rural Forested Area Economic Vitality ............................................44 6 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................45 7 Report Preparers ..........................................................................................................................46 Table of Contents
Wildfire-related Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Natural Lands Carbon Stock Loss and
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ii
Tables
Table 1 Data Sources Used.............................................................................................................. 4 Table 2 Calaveras County Land-cover Classes (2010 and 2020) ..................................................... 7 Table 3 Calaveras County NWL Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020).......................................... 11 Table 4 Calaveras County Average Carbon Stock per Acre (2010 and 2020) ............................... 11 Table 5 Calaveras County NWL Biomass Carbon Density (2010 and 2020).................................. 19 Table 6 Butte Fire Footprint Land-cover Class from 2010 NWL Inventory ................................... 23 Table 7 Butte Fire GHG Emission Estimates from Primary Land-cover Types.............................. 23 Figures
Figure 1 Land-cover Class Example Photos...................................................................................... 5 Figure 2 Calaveras County Land-cover Classes (2010 and 2020) ..................................................... 6 Figure 3 Calaveras County Proportional Land-cover by Vegetation Class (2010 and 2020)............ 8 Figure 4 Calaveras County Total Carbon Stock (2010 and 2020) ................................................... 10 Figure 5 Calaveras County Proportional Carbon Stock by Vegetation Class (2010 and 2020) ...... 13 Figure 6 Forest Carbon and Fire Cycle............................................................................................ 17 Figure 7 2010 NWL Inventory and Butte Fire Perimeter................................................................ 22 Figure 8 Calaveras County Fire Footprints (1920-1940 and 2001-2020) ....................................... 25 Figure 9 Top 20 Largest California Wildfires .................................................................................. 26 Figure 10 Calaveras County Fire Hazard Severity Zones in SRA....................................................... 28 Figure 11 City of Angels Camp Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA................................................... 29 Figure 12 Calaveras County Projected Wildfire Exposure Areas (2020s)......................................... 30 Figure 13 Calaveras County Projected Wildfire Exposure Areas (2090s)......................................... 31 Figure 14 Calaveras County WUI Areas............................................................................................ 37 Figure 15 Calaveras County WUI Areas and Butte Fire Perimeter................................................... 39 Figure 16 Defensible Space Zones.................................................................................................... 43 Introduction
1 1 Introduction
California has experienced record-breaking wildfires in recent years, with 2020 setting the all-time record for acres burned of over 4 million acres in the State, more than double the previous state record set in 2018.1 This significant increase in the severity and extent of wildfires, highlights the importance of understanding the full extent of these impacts in order to guide policy development.

In 2018 pursuant to Executive Order (EO) B-52-18, the State established the California Fuel Management Task Force , which was in charge of developing a holistic integrated approach toward forest management. In January 2021, this effort culminated in the development and adoption of California’s Wildfire and Forest Resilience Action Plan, which integrates key findings and recommendations from various plans, studies, and assessments into a single coordinated and comprehensive strategy for forest management and wildfire resilience.2 In parallel with this effort, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) has developed methodology regarding quantification of the carbon cycle and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of wildfire and forest management strategies in order to better understand wildfire implications in terms of the State’s contribution to climate change.3 This report intends to provide detail relative to these State level efforts in the context of Calaveras County, including the City of Angels Camp, by assessing the changes in carbon stocks from land use and fire related activities, the GHG emissions impact of wildfire in the County, and the wildfire-related climate change vulnerabilities, while presenting relevant best practices in wildfire impact reduction related to Calaveras County specific to climate change vulnerabilities.

A combination of a changing climate and hundreds of years of unnatural fire suppression has led to increases in fuels that contribute to catastrophic fires. Wildfires are not only an effect of a changing climate that influences drought and the disease that turns living vegetation into dry fuel, but they are also a major contributor to GHG emissions by converting natural land carbon stocks into atmospheric carbon.4 This feedback cycle is a symptom of unhealthy forests and wildlands that result from fire suppression, insufficient investment in wildland fire risk management and misguided land use planning.
5 Regular wildfires are part of the natural cycle of forests, grasslands, and shrublands, in which old decaying vegetation is cleared out by low-intensity fires so that mature trees can continue to thrive and provide valuable habitat and ecosystem services. Such regular wildfires are typically lower-intensity, preserving the primary carbon stocks that are already in place, allowing for continued carbon sequestration associated with living vegetation and minimal release of these carbon stocks as GHG emissions during wildfires.6 However, land use planning has included 1 Roman et al. 2020. Greetings from the 2020 Wildfire Season. National Fire Protection Association Journal. Available:
<https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Publications-and-media/NFPA-Journal/2020/November-December-2020/Features/Wildfire>.

Accessed June 7, 2021.
2 California Governor’s Forest Management Task Force (CGFMTF). 2021. California Wildfire & Forest Resilience Action Plan. Available:
<https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/ps4p2vck/californiawildfireandforestresilienceactionplan.pdf>. Accessed May 27, 2021. 3 CARB. 2020. Public Comment Draft: Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Contemporary Wildfire, Prescribed Fire, and Forest Management Activities. Available: <https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/ca_ghg_wildfire_forestmanagement.pdf>. Accessed June 7, 2021. 4 California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA). 2018. California Forest Carbon Plan: Managing Our Forest Landscapes in a Changing Climate. Available: <https://resources.ca.gov/CNRALegacyFiles/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Forest-Carbon-Plan-One-Pager-May2018.pdf>. Accessed June 7, 2021. 5 Bustic, et. al. 2015. Land Use and Wildfire: A Review of Local Interactions and Teleconnections. Land volume 4. Available:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272790284_Land_Use_and_Wildfire_A_Review_of_Local_Interactions_and_Teleconnections >. Accessed June 7, 2021.
6 CGFMTF. 2021. California Wildfire & Forest Resilience Action Plan. Available:
<https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/ps4p2vck/californiawildfireandforestresilienceactionplan.pdf>. Accessed May 27, 2021.

Introduction
2 development in areas that would naturally have recurring fires, leading to an increased population in the wildland urban interface (WUI), and an increased need to suppress fire in these areas.7 Now California faces the challenge of managing natural lands and land use patterns to reduce potential for high-intensity fires that generate GHG emissions and put lives and properties at risk.

This report evaluates these challenges specific to Calaveras County, demonstrating how wildfires can impact the carbon cycle and GHG emissions, as well as how the WUI can both be put at risk by wildfires and increase opportunity for wildfire ignition. To understand the potential GHG emissions impact related to wildfire in Calaveras County a Natural and Working Lands (NWL) Carbon Inventory for the years 2010 and 2020 was developed, which demonstrates the total carbon storage in vegetation and soils. This analysis calculates the current available carbon storage (sequestration) in the County, how carbon storage has changed over time, and highlight regions and landcover where carbon storage value is high. Additionally, a case study has been developed for the 2015 Butte Fire to analyze both the local risks for wildfire and the potential magnitude of GHG emissions and carbon storage loss from a single wildfire event. The GHG emission analysis also includes an assessment of how forest management practices, such as thinning and prescribed burns, can significantly reduce wildfire GHG emissions and preserve long term carbon stocks that may be destroyed by highintensity fires caused by overgrown forests.

Wildfires also present a significant threat to communities, assets, and resources (i.e., people, homes, businesses, public infrastructure/services, and the natural surroundings) in the County, which are expected to be exacerbated by the effects of climate change. This is addressed in the Wildfire Vulnerability Assessment included in this report, which was developed based on the most recent guidance from the California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR). The assessment includes discussion of the County’s vulnerabilities to wildfire specifically focused on the impacts associated with the WUI and the increased risk associated with higher temperatures and sever weather events resulting from climate change. This information is presented to inform decision makers and help implement action under the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy.

A concerted effort will be required to mitigate the risks associated with wildfire, which is further exacerbated by climate change. This report intends to provide a basis for understanding the wildfire interactions with the carbon cycle and WUI, and to provide meaningful information that can be used to help secure grant funding for natural land management and climate change and resilience. The State has greatly increased the availability of funding for climate change, forest management and wildfire resilience projects, with an emphasis on GHG reduction, improved forest health, home hardening against fires, improvements in defensible space, and fire prevention workforce training. A portion of this funding will be obtained through the California Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, with grants available through the California Climate Investments Program.8 The Climate Investment Program is intended to fund GHG reduction projects, therefore the connection between wildfire and GHG emissions in this report may improve the ability of the County to pursue funding. Projects that are initiated by the County would provide the dual benefit of both reducing the County’s contribution to climate change through wildfire related GHG emissions reduction and increasing resilience to climate change through improved forest health. 7 Bustic, et. al. 2015. Land Use and Wildfire: A Review of Local Interactions and Teleconnections. Land volume 4. Available:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272790284_Land_Use_and_Wildfire_A_Review_of_Local_Interactions_and_Teleconnections >. Accessed June 7, 2021.
8 California Office of Governor Gavin Newsom. 2021. Governor Newsom, Legislative Leaders Announce Early Budget Action for Wildfire Prevention. Available: <https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/04/08/governor-newsom-legislative-leaders-announce-early-budget-action-forwildfire-prevention/>. Accessed June 7, 2021.

Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 3 2 Natural and Working Lands Carbon
Inventories (2010 and 2020)
This section explains the inventory methodology used to quantify the major natural and working lands GHG emissions sinks and sources for Calaveras County (County). The 2010 and 2020 NWL carbon inventories were developed based on the methodology outlined in Resilient Merced, California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan, and the State’s Natural and Working Lands Inventory.9,10,11 The inventory of carbon stocks for natural and working lands (NWL carbon inventory) in Calaveras County covers the County’s 662,838 acres.12 Calaveras County includes large areas of natural and working lands and a diversity of land-cover types ranging from developed land to mixed forest. The development of NWL carbon inventories allows jurisdictions to evaluate land management activities that are designed to increase or protect carbon stocks and/or reduce GHG emissions. A NWL carbon inventory also plays an important role in prioritizing policy initiatives aimed at reducing GHG emissions or increasing carbon sequestration and can be a tool to examine how natural and human influences have impacted carbon storage in the past and monitor the progress of policy initiatives over time.

NWL carbon inventory (i.e., stock) is the total amount of carbon sequestered in woody and herbaceous material and in the soil (i.e., the biosphere). Some land management and natural activities can increase carbon stocks, for example through riparian restoration, while others can contribute to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, such as wildfire. Live vegetation also provides continued sequestration of carbon via respiration while landcover consumed by wildfire would lose that sequestration ability for an extended period while the landcover recovered. The analyses below follow the Resilient Merced methodology and includes the development of land-based emissions. Land-based emissions exist in the form of methane and nitrous oxide, which are associated with wetlands and agricultural practices such as fertilizer application. However, these land-based emissions are not included in the 2010 and 2020 NWL carbon inventories due to the small contribution of wetlands in Calaveras County and because fertilizer emissions are already included in the County’s 2018 Community GHG Emissions Inventory.

Including these emissions in the NWL carbon inventories would result in double counting emissions.

The NWL carbon inventories estimate carbons stocks, by land-cover class (i.e., mixed forest, grassland, shrub, etc.) at two points in time (2010 and 2020), to determine historical changes in carbon stocks. This section includes the following:
▪ NWL Carbon Inventory Data Sources – a complete description of the data sources used to complete the carbon inventories
▪ NWL Carbon Inventory Methods and Findings
9 California Department of Conservation. 2021. Terracount Materials. The Nature Conservancy, Tukman Geospatial, Climate Action Reserve, and Merced County. 2018. Resilient Merced. Available: <https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/TerraCount/downloads/>. Accessed May 26, 2021.
10 CARB. 2017. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Available:
<https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic//cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf>. Accessed May 26, 2021. 11 CARB. 2018. An Inventory of Ecosystem Carbon in California’s Natural and Working Lands. Available:
<https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/nwl_inventory.pdf>. Accessed May 26, 2021. 12 Includes unincorporated County areas as well as the City of Angels Camp.

Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 4 Land-cover Classification – methods and findings related to the land-cover classification process and derived carbon stock estimates for 2010 and 2020 Carbon Stock Estimates – methods and findings related to the calculation of carbon stock estimates for 2010 and 2020
▪ County NWL Carbon Inventory Summary – a summary of the results and utility of the NWL carbon inventories

2.1 NWL Carbon Inventories Data Sources
Jurisdictional NWL carbon inventories require the use of large-scale spatial data sets and carbon or biomass data. Geographic information system (GIS) is used to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial, or geographic, data across the county. The Calaveras NWL carbon inventories use publicly available data sources that are expected to be updated in the future. Table 1 includes the data sources used to complete the Calaveras 2010 and 2020 NWL carbon inventories.

Table 1 Data Sources Used
Land Type Data Publication
Frequency
Year
Natural Lands (Forest, Shrubland,
Grassland, etc.), and Cropland
LANDFIRE1 2 years 2010, 2020
Soil National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS)
Characterization Database, the National Soil
Information System (NASIS), and the Rapid
Carbon Assessment (RaCA) datasets2
Annual 2019
Sources:
1 LANDFIRE. 2021. LANDFIRE: Existing Vegetation Cover, Height, and Type, United States Department of Agriculture and United States Department of the Interior. Available: <https://www.landfire.gov/>. Accessed May 26, 2021 2 Nauman, et al. 2017. Soil Properties and Class 100m Grids United States. Available:
<https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/ea4b6c45-9eba-4b89-aba6-ff7246880fb1>. Accessed May 26, 2021.

LANDFIRE spatial land-cover data provides the foundation of the Calaveras NWL carbon inventories, similar to the Resilient Merced project completed for Merced County and the State’s Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventory developed for CARB.13 The data sources used to develop the NWL carbon inventories are described below:
▪ The LANDFIRE data covers the county at a 30-meter resolution. The LANDFIRE layers used include Existing Vegetation Type, Cover, and Height.
▪ The soil data used includes three national United States soil point datasets: NCSS Characterization Database, the National Soil Information System (NASIS), and the Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) datasets. These datasets include remote sensing images, predictions of soil properties (e.g., percent organic carbon, total nitrogen, bulk density, PH, etc.) and classes, conventional soil polygon maps from the Soil Survey Geographic database (SSURGO), and machine learning. Predictions were generated at 100-meter spatial resolution. 13 California Department of Conservation. 2021.The Nature Conservancy, Tukman Geospatial, Climate Action Reserve, Merced County. 2018. Resilient Merced. Available: <https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/TerraCount/downloads/>. Accessed May 26, 2021.

Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 5 2.2 NWL Carbon Inventories Methods and Findings
The Calaveras County NWL carbon inventory methodology is based on the Resilient Merced pilot project. The first step includes estimating carbon stocks by land-cover class (i.e., forest, grassland, shrub, etc.) using LANDFIRE. This step details changes in land-cover between the two years. The second step involves calculating carbon stored in different carbon pools (i.e., above- and belowground live biomass, litter, soil, etc.) based on existing vegetation type, cover, and height. This step illustrates changes in carbon stock as a result of land-cover changes between 2010 and 2020. The sections below describe the methods and findings of the NWL carbon inventories for Calaveras County.

2.2.1 Land-cover Classification
The NWL carbon inventories are derived from the assignment of all land in the county to discrete land-cover classes, representing all land-use types in the County. The Existing Vegetation Type LANDFIRE dataset was used to determine the land-cover class. The land-cover classes assigned in the 2010 and 2020 NWL carbon inventories are:
▪ Barren
▪ Cultivated Crops
▪ Development
▪ Deciduous Forest
▪ Evergreen Forest
▪ Mixed Forest
▪ Grassland/Herbaceous
▪ Open Water
▪ Shrub/Scrub
▪ Wetland
Examples of some of the land-cover classes common to Calaveras County are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Land-cover Class Example Photos
Figure 2 and Table 2 detail the results of the land-cover classification in Calaveras for 2010 and 2020. The data between the two years show decreases in mixed forest and deciduous forest and an increase in evergreen forest. The loss in forested land is primarily being replaced by shrub/scrub and grassland/herbaceous landcover.

Mixed Forest Example Shrub/Scrub Example Cultivated Crops Example Photo by Hannes Richter on Unsplash Photo by Dave Hoefler on Unsplash Photo by Mick Haupt on Unsplash Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 6 Figure 2 Calaveras County Land-cover Classes (2010 and 2020) Source: LANDFIRE. 2021
Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 7 Table 2 Calaveras County Land-cover Classes (2010 and 2020) Land-cover Class 2010 Acres 2020 Acres Percent Change
Barren 3,996 3,658 -8
Cultivated Crops 842 2,912 246
Deciduous Forest 43,748 37,636 -14
Development 11,717 12,259 5
Evergreen Forest 1,835 11,243 513
Grassland/Herbaceous 13,058 44,797 243
Mixed Forest 420,723 354,620 -16
Open Water 14,288 15,960 12
Shrub/Scrub 152,632 178,190 17
Wetland1 0 1,563 N/A
Total 662,838 662,838 -
Notes:
1 Though wetlands show a change from 0 to 1,563, this is likely due to inconsistencies in classification. For example, the same vegetation type could have been classified as grassland in one year and wetland the next year, without an actual change in land-cover.

Source: LANDFIRE. 2021
Table 2 above shows the number of acres in each land-cover class for 2010 and 2020 and the percent change between the two years. As previously described, mixed and deciduous forests decreased, and shrubland and grassland increased from 2010 to 2020. Other categories, such as evergreen forest, cultivated crops, and wetlands, show increases over time; however, these categories represent a very small portion of the total land area. These increases could be observed changes or may be attributed to a difference in classification between the two years, for example a forest classified by LANDFIRE as mixed forest 2010 could be classified as evergreen in 2020 with no actual change in landcover. Figure 3 illustrates the proportional land-cover changes between 2010 and 2020.

Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 8 Figure 3 Calaveras County Proportional Land-cover by Vegetation Class (2010 and 2020) Source: LANDFIRE. 2021
Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 9 2.2.2 Carbon Stock Estimates
Carbon stock estimates are based on the sum of carbon stored in different carbon pools. This analysis includes carbon stored in the following carbon pools:
▪ above- and below-ground live biomass
▪ above- and below-ground dead standing trees
▪ lying dead wood (e.g., branches, logs, etc. lying on the ground surface) ▪ litter
▪ soil.

Carbon stored in all above- and below-ground biomass (including live, dead, and litter), was calculated using volumetric estimates of carbon mass (metric tons per hectare) provided by CARB.

These estimates were provided for every combination of Existing Vegetation Type, Height, and Cover and assigned to each 30 by 30-meter cell in Calaveras.

Soil carbon values were obtained using the combined NCSS Characterization Database, the National Soil Information System (NASIS), and the Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) datasets described in the NWL Carbon Inventory Data Sources section of this report. The soil carbon inventory estimates were determined by using the values provided for soil organic carbon and soil bulk density at a depth of 0-30cm. Soil carbon was then estimated using Quantification Guidance for Forest Project Protocol Version 4.014 as shown in the following equation (the Conversion of Organic Matter to Carbon was skipped as the input data we had was already converted to Soil Organic Carbon):

The NWL carbon inventories, which includes the sum of all above- and below-ground biomass and soil carbon for 2010 and 2020, are mapped in Figure 4 and provided in Table 3. The average carbon stock per acre for each vegetation class is provided in Table 4. All carbon stock values are presented in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e).
14 Climate Action Reserve. 2017. Quantification Guidance for Use with Forest Carbon Projects. Available:
<https://www.climateactionreserve.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/FPP_Quantification_Guidance_062817.pdf>. Accessed May 26, 2021.

Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 10 Figure 4 Calaveras County Total Carbon Stock (2010 and 2020) Sources: LANDFIRE. 2021; Nauman, et al, 2017; CARB. 2020. Volumetric estimates of carbon mass from Klaus I. Scott at the CARB Emission Inventory Analysis Section of the GHG & Toxics Emission Inventory Branch, AQPS Division. November 17, 2020.

Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 11 Table 3 Calaveras County NWL Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) Land-cover Class 2010 Total Carbon Stock
(MT CO2e)
2020 Total Carbon Stock
(MT CO2e) Percent Change
Barren 304,138 283,840 -7
Cultivated Crops 47,803 161,695 238
Deciduous Forest 5,307,362 4,717,271 -11
Development 657,179 702,240 7
Evergreen Forest 265,045 1,181,379 346
Grassland/Herbaceous 746,009 2,190,346 194
Mixed Forest 57,446,504 53,696,781 -7
Open Water 137,051 231,711 69
Shrub/Scrub 11,828,226 11,115,216 -6
Wetland 10 71,293 745,417
Total 76,739,325 74,351,771 -3
Sources: LANDFIRE, 2021; CARB, 2020
Table 4 Calaveras County Average Carbon Stock per Acre (2010 and 2020) Land-cover Class 2010 Average Carbon Stock
per Acre (MT CO2e)
2020 Average Carbon Stock
per Acre (MT CO2e)
Barren 76 78
Cultivated Crops 57 56
Deciduous Forest 121 125
Development 56 57
Evergreen Forest 144 105
Grassland/Herbaceous 57 49
Mixed Forest 137 151
Open Water 10 15
Shrub/Scrub 77 62
Wetland 43 46
Sources: LANDFIRE, 2021; CARB, 2020
Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 12 Table 3 includes the total carbon stock for 2010 and 2020 and the percent change between the two years. As described and illustrated in the Land-cover Classification section above, mixed and deciduous forest acreage decreased and shrubland and grassland cover increased. The mixed forest vegetation class encompassed approximately 63 percent of the total landcover area in 2010 and dropped to 54 percent in 2020. This vegetation class contains over 70 percent of the total carbon stocks in the County (75 percent in 2010 and 72 percent in 2020). Deciduous forests dropped from 7 percent to 6 percent from 2010 to 2020 in both landcover area and carbon stock. Shrubland is the second largest vegetation class in both landcover and carbon stock. From 2010 to 2020, shrubland increased from 23 percent to 27 percent and carbon stock hovered around approximately 15 percent, only increasing slightly in 2020 compared to 2010.

Categories, such as wetland, open water, and cultivated crops show large increases over time; however, such categories represent a very small portion of the total land areas. Although there was a slight decrease in carbon stocks in the County between 2010 and 2020, the magnitude of available carbon storage in the County is nearly 2,500 times the total GHG emissions generated by the County from transportation, enegy use and waste disposal. Figure 5 shows the proportional carbon stock changes between 2010 and 2020. The total carbon stock in the County decreased 3 percent from 2010 to 2020. Table 4 provides the average amount of carbon sequestered per acre in each of the vegetation classes. The forest categories hold the largest amount of carbon, ranging from 100 to 150 MT CO2e per acre.

Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 13 Figure 5 Calaveras County Proportional Carbon Stock by Vegetation Class (2010 and 2020) Sources: LANDFIRE, 2021; CARB, 2020
Natural and Working Lands Carbon Inventories (2010 and 2020) 14 2.3 County NWL Carbon Inventory Summary
The NWL carbon inventory provides a quantitative estimate of historical and existing carbon stored in the County as well as estimates of carbon stock, carbon stock changes, and resulting GHG flux in the landscape. These carbon stock changes result from disturbances, including conversion of natural lands to development and wildfire, among others. NWL carbon inventories are important for tracking how disturbances affect carbon stocks and GHG emissions, thereby informing how the County’s land base contributes to local and State GHG emissions goals. Although the 2010 and 2020 NWL carbon inventories do not show a clear link between forest carbon stock decreases due to wildfire, CARBs Natural and Working Land Inventory Report attributed the Statewide decrease in forest and shrubland carbon stocks from 2001 to 2010 to large wildfires.15 Between 2010 and 2020, Calaveras County experienced one large fire, the Butte Fire (in 2015), which burned approximately 70,868 acres, mostly in Calaveras County. The Butte Fire is ranked 18th on the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal FIRE) list of the Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires.16 The Butte Fire did not result in a permanent large loss of carbon stock, as indicated in the carbon inventory results between 2010 and 2020. However, studies indicate that large, intense fires brought on by fire suppression, drought, and other factors, may result in historically forested areas changing to shrubland in the future.17 Section 3 discusses potential future emissions from carbon stock loss due to wildfire.
15 CARB. 2018. An Inventory of Ecosystem Carbon in California’s Natural & Working Lands. Available: < https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/nwl_inventory.pdf>. Accessed June 2, 2021. 16 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFIRE). 2021. Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires. Available:
<https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/t1rdhizr/top20_destruction.pdf>. Accessed June 10, 2021. 17 Carroll. 2016. Severe fires turning forest to shrubland in California. Available: <https://phys.org/news/2016-04-severe-forestshrublandcalifornia.html#:~:text=A%20new%20study%20found%20that,the%20state%20changing%20to%20shrubland.&text=%22Basically%20we% 20are%20switching%20forest,happen%20at%20very%20large%20scales>. Accessed May 26, 2021.

Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 15 3 Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock
Loss Due to Wildfire
The GHG emissions from wildfires are inherently linked to the loss of carbon stocks in vegetated areas. As wildfires burn through forests, grasslands, and shrublands the carbon stored in the biomass is released to the atmosphere from the direct combustion of material, and from the resulting decay of biomass after a fire has killed vegetation.18 In the past century, fire suppression has increased the accumulation of wildfire fuel, as natural, smaller, low-intensity fires that were at one-time natural have been prevented to protect lives and property.19 As a result of this disruption of the natural carbon cycle and the influences of climate change, wildfires have become more severe, resulting in massive losses of carbon stocks and high levels of GHG emissions. The potential for carbon losses and subsequent GHG emissions resulting from wildfire can be diminished through land use planning and forest management practices, such as forest thinning and prescribed burns.

This section provides an overview of the carbon/fire cycle, and an analysis of the potential GHG emissions from carbon stock loss due to wildfire in Calaveras County. In addition to an assessment of the overall emission potential, a case study for an estimate of the GHG emissions associated with 2015 Butte Fire is provided.

3.1 Carbon and Fire Cycle
The carbon cycle is an essential aspect for Earth to maintain the carbon balance required to sustain life. The cycle primarily consists of flows of carbon between the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, and Earth’s crust, through various natural processes. While the largest contributor to climate change is the human-influenced release of carbon that has long been sequestered in Earth’s crust as fossil fuels (long-term carbon cycle), maintaining the carbon exchanges between the biosphere (i.e. plants, animals, insects) and atmosphere (short-term carbon cycle) is essential for reducing the impacts of climate change and preserving valuable ecosystem services.20 18 Bonnicksen. 2008. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Four California Wildfires: Opportunities to Prevent and Reverse Environmental and Climate Impacts. Available: <http://www.orww.org/Wildfires/References/Climate_&_Atmosphere/Bonnicksen_2008.pdf>. Accessed June 2, 2021
19 CARB. 2021. Frequently Asked Questions: Wildfire Emissions. Available:
<https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/wildfire_emissions_faq.pdf>. Accessed June 7, 2021. 20 CARB. 2021. Frequently Asked Questions: Wildfire Emissions. Available:
<https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/wildfire_emissions_faq.pdf>. Accessed June 7, 2021.

Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 16 Figure 6 graphically details the carbon cycle exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere, including when 1) carbon stock loss occurs within the biosphere releasing GHG emissions into the atmosphere as a result of wildfire as well as 2) how carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is sequestered by vegetation in the biosphere.

Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 17 Figure 6 Forest Carbon and Fire Cycle
Source: Rincon Consultants, Inc., 2021
The health of the majority California’s ecosystems are dependent on wildfire, which can reduce buildup of organic debris that can fuel high-severity wildfires, release nutrients into the soil, and trigger changes in vegetation community composition.
21 Historically, indigenous people of California
understood the interactions of wildfire and the natural lands, even using controlled burns to promote the health of natural lands. However, in the 20th century fire suppression became the guiding force for U.S. fire policy that was intended to protect communities and resources.22 This has created a disruption in the natural carbon cycle of forests that arises from a lack of naturally occurring fires that serve to regularly clear undergrowth, enhance available nutrients, and promote the long-term health of mature trees.

Climate change has also contributed to this imbalance in the carbon cycle, where forests have become increasingly affected by drought and invasive species. This can turn forests into a carbon source, with decaying biomass emitting carbon to the atmosphere and becoming fuel for 21 CARB. 2020. Public Comment Draft: Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Contemporary Wildfire, Prescribed Fire, and Forest Management Activities. Available: <https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/ca_ghg_wildfire_forestmanagement.pdf>. Accessed June 7, 2021. 22 Bruno. 2020. Indigenous tribes in California and other parts of the U.S. have been rekindling the ancient art of controlled burning. The Nature Conservancy. Available: <https://www.nature.org/en-us/magazine/magazine-articles/indigenous-controlled-burns-california/>.

Accessed June 7, 2021.

Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 18 wildfires.23 The current state of many California forests is that of a carbon cycle imbalance, where more severe wildfires occur that burn hotter and more intense resulting in a higher loss of carbon storage in biomass and, in turn, generate a greater release of GHG emissions into the atmosphere from both the initial burning and later decay of burned trees. This loss of biomass also reduces the ability for forests to continue to absorb carbon generated by human activities, furthering the carbon imbalance seen in the atmosphere.

Carbon cycle imbalances between the atmosphere and biosphere create a feedback loop that exacerbates the impacts of wildfire. The increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere contribute to climate change, which impacts forests by increasing tree mortality due to extreme heat events, droughts, and increased levels of invasive species.24 The combination of climate change and the unhealthy forests that result from human policy and land use development are both contributing to high-severity wildfires (high present long term perturbations to ecosystems, biodiversity, and carbon storage potential) and increased GHG emissions from the direct loss of carbon stock during wildfire events.

3.2 Land Carbon Stock by Vegetation Type
GHG emissions from wildfire is dependent on the vegetation type, as vegetation types with higher carbon densities have a higher potential for GHG emissions (i.e. forests) and vegetation types with lower carbon densities have a lower potential for GHG emissions (i.e. grass and shrublands). The NWL carbon inventory performed in the previous section provides a basis for assessing the carbon emissions associated with different vegetation types based on their carbon storage potential. While there are many factors that can attribute to the degree which carbon storage is lost from a wildfire (i.e. fuel loading and fuel moisture), generally, areas with higher carbon storage values will see higher carbon emissions and higher losses of carbon storage in many wildfire scenarios.

Each land cover class discussed in the NWL carbon inventory provides a unique carbon storage value and accordingly a unique potential for carbon loss during wildfire. Biomass carbon densities were derived from the NWL inventory, using volumetric estimates of carbon mass provided by the CARB and the Calaveras specific Existing Vegetation Types, Heights, and Covers. As shown in Table 5, mixed forests have the largest biomass carbon densities and cover the largest land area in Calaveras County. Deciduous forests also have a relatively large biomass carbon density and contribute the second most to the overall biomass carbon stock in the County, even though land area covered is relatively small compared to shrub/scrub land cover and mixed forest. The deciduous forest and mixed forest land covers contribute the largest to the total biomass carbon stocks, and as such have the highest potential for carbon losses in the case of wildfire. 23 Natural Resources Canada. 2020. Climate Change Impacts on Forests. Available: <https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/climate-change/impactsadaptations/climate-change-impacts-forests/forest-carbon/13085>. Accessed June 7, 2021. 24 CARB. 2021. Frequently Asked Questions: Wildfire Emissions. Available:
<https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/wildfire_emissions_faq.pdf>. Accessed June 7, 2021.

Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 19 Table 5 Calaveras County NWL Biomass Carbon Density (2010 and 2020) 2010 2020
Land-cover
Class
2010 Biomass
Carbon Stock
(MT CO2) 2010 Acres
2010 Biomass
Carbon
Density (MT
CO2/acre)
2020 Biomass
Carbon Stock
(MT CO2) 2020 Acres
2020 Biomass
Carbon
Density (MT
CO2/acre)
Barren 4,941 3,996 1.2 4,526 3,658 1.2
Cultivated
Crops 3,773 842 4.5 10,373 2,912 3.6
Deciduous
Forest 2,339,939 43,748 53.5 2,264,892 37,636 60.2
Development 0.0 11,717 0.0 0.0 12,259 0.0
Evergreen
Forest 97,079 1,835 52.9 228,808 11,243 20.4
Grassland/
Herbaceous 29,751 13,058 2.3 118,491 44,797 2.6
Mixed Forest 26,028,502 420,723 61.9 25,851,098 354,620 72.9 Open Water 0.0 14,288 0.0 0.0 15,960 0.0
Shrub/Scrub 3,932,040 152,632 25.8 1,566,025 178,190 8.8 Wetland 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,259 1,563 2.7
Total 32,436,025 662,838 49 30,048,472 662,838 45
Sources: LANDFIRE, 2021; CARB, 2020

3.3 Potential Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss
Wildfires contribute significantly to carbon stock losses which result in GHG emissions as the carbon stocks are transferred from the biosphere to the atmosphere. While many factors contribute to the degree in which carbon is lost during a wildfire event, the analysis here is intended to provide a general estimate from theoretical fire scenarios and a review of the carbon stock loss and emissions potential from the 2015 Butte Fire. The primary focus of the GHG emissions analysis is on forested areas with larger potential for carbon storage losses.

It is difficult to accurately estimate GHG emission and carbon stock losses from wildfire, as each wildfire event has different characteristics that influence the degree to which carbon stocks are lost.

The intensity of fires can vary greatly, even within areas of the same wildfire event. Some events can result in a nearly complete loss of all living biomass, whereas some may only burn undergrowth and leave longstanding trees relatively unharmed. These variables may greatly impact the degree to which carbon stocks are lost and GHG emissions are generated. Additionally, the decomposing deadfall that remains after live vegetation has been burned by wildfire also serves as an emissions Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 20 source for decades after the initial emissions impact of fuel burning, which further complicates the full understanding of GHG emissions and carbon stock loss impact. 25 3.3.1 Cause, Vegetation Type, and Area of Emissions Impacts Estimates for wildfire emissions potential for forested areas of Calaveras County are based on the 2010 study High-severity wildfire effects on carbon stocks and emissions in fuels treated and untreated forest.
26 This study surveyed the carbon stock loss and emissions impact of several fires throughout California in both treated areas, where forest management has occurred, and untreated areas. The American River Complex fire surveyed in the study occurred in a region of the western Sierra Nevada Mountains in Placer County, which is estimated to be the most characteristic of Calaveras County forests. While the live tree and surface fuel carbon stocks estimated from the study do not exactly match that those derived in from the NWL inventory in this study, different survey methods were used to estimate biomass carbon which is the likely source of this discrepancy.27 The emission estimates reported from wildfire in the study area show that approximately 28.9 to 30.7 percent of the biomass carbon is converted to emissions in areas of the wildfire that were untreated, which decreased to a range of 12.7 to 12.9 percent for treated forests.

The emissions estimates based on the aforementioned 2010 study estimates the wildfire emissions that would occur in deciduous and mixed forests and can be used as a reference for similar land cover in Calaveras County, which represent 8 and 86 percent of above- and below-ground carbon stocks in Calaveras County in 2020, respectively. For untreated forests, an average of 29.8 percent of biomass carbon could be converted to carbon emissions from wildfire. Using 2020 biomass carbon densities for deciduous and mixed forest of 60.2 and 72.9 MT CO2/acre, respectively, in Table 4, burning of this land during a wildfire has the potential to release emissions of 17.9 and 21.7 MT CO2/acre burned. This value generally aligns with the CARB estimates for overall California annual wildfire emission per acre, which averages to about 20.6 MT CO2e/acre between the years 2000 and 2019.28,29 Given that the California wildfire emissions also include the burning of grasslands and shrublands, it is likely that the values derived here for Calaveras County is an underestimate. In the unlikely scenario that the majority of the deciduous and mixed forests in Calaveras County were to burn over multiple future wildfire events, the forested land of Calaveras County has an emissions potential of over 8 million MT CO2 from the conversion of carbon stocks to atmospheric carbon.

The emissions estimates for wildfire in forested areas provided here are intended to provide a general estimate based on published relevant research. Fire emission modeling performed in other practices can take many additional considerations into account, including weather conditions, fuel moisture content, fire intensity, and smoldering time. However, this is beyond the scope of the analysis completed here-in.
25 North and Hurteau. 2011. High-severity wildfire effects on carbon stocks and emissions in fuels treated and untreated forest. Available:
<https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/north/psw_2011_north002.pdf>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 26 North and Hurteau. 2011. High-severity wildfire effects on carbon stocks and emissions in fuels treated and untreated forest.

Available: <https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/north/psw_2011_north002.pdf>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 27 North and Hurteau. 2011. provides a biomass carbon density of 84.7 and 82.3 MT CO2/acre for the two survey areas, while the NWL inventory provides an estimate of 72.9 MT CO2/acre for mixed forest. 28 The average wildfire emissions per acre account for the burning of shrublands and grasslands, which have lower carbon storage values, as well as forests. Therefore, it is expected that the average value for all fires in California would be expected to be lower than the value for forests specifically.
29 CARB. 2020. Public Comment Draft: Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Contemporary Wildfire, Prescribed Fire, and Forest Management Activities. Available: <https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/ca_ghg_wildfire_forestmanagement.pdf>. Accessed June 7, 2021.

Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 21 3.3.2 Wildfire-related GHG Emissions Case Study – Butte Fire The Butte Fire that occurred in September 2015 is one of the top 20 most destructive California wildfires and was the most significant wildfire to occur in Calaveras County in the past century with 70,868 acres burned. 30 The fire was ignited by tree branches coming in contact with powerlines in Amador County in September of 2015, with high winds quickly spreading the fire into Calaveras County. Not only did this fire ignite in the WUI, nearly 30 percent of acreage burned was considered WUI land.31 The Butte Fire occurred in the midst of California’s historic drought, from 2012 to 2016.

Increased potential for extended dry periods that fuel wildfires is expected with climate change.32 The Butte Fire burned through regions of the County with high carbon sequestration values, resulting in high GHG emissions and high carbon stock losses. As shown in Figure 7 and Table 6, the wildfire burned through primarily deciduous forest and mixed forest land-cover vegetation types in Calaveras County, as provided by the 2010 NWL inventory. 30 CalFIRE. 2021. Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires. Available:
<https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/t1rdhizr/top20_destruction.pdf>. Accessed May 26, 2021. 31 Bay City News. 2018. Wildland Development Escalates California Fire Costs. Available:
<https://www.kqed.org/news/11713393/wildland-development-escalates-california-fire-costs>. Accessed June 7, 2021. 32 Diffenbaugh et al. 2015. Anthropogenic warming has increased drought risk in California. Available:
<https://www.pnas.org/content/112/13/3931.short>. Accessed June 7, 2021.

Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 22 Figure 7 2010 NWL Inventory and Butte Fire Perimeter Sources: CalFIRE, 2020; ESRI, 2021; LANDFIRE 2021
Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 23 Table 6 Butte Fire Footprint Land-cover Class from 2010 NWL Inventory Land-cover Class Butte Fire Footprint Area (acres) Percentage of Footprint Area Barren 61 <1%
Deciduous Forest 14,281 21%
Development 429 1%
Evergreen Forest 232 <1%
Grassland/Herbaceous 172 <1%
Mixed Forest 49,473 74%
Open Water 89 <1%
Shrub/Scrub 2,566 4%
Grand Total 67,303 100%
Sources: LANDFIRE, 2021; CARB, 2020
A general estimate of GHG emissions associated with the Butte Fire can be calculated using the deciduous forest and mixed forest emission factors of 17.9 and 21.7 MT CO2/acre burned, derived above. As shown in Table 7, it has been estimated that the Butte Fire generated approximately 1.3 million MT CO2 from direct fire emissions from the primary affected vegetation types, which only includes the direct emissions from conmustion and does not account for the additional future emission that occur as burned biomass decays and emits GHGs for decades after the event. This conversion of carbon, sequestered in biomass, to atmospheric carbon contributing to climate change impacts is nearly four times the GHG emission generated by the County from energy consumption, waste generation and transportation in one year.

Table 7 Butte Fire GHG Emission Estimates from Primary Land-cover Types Land-cover Class
Butte Fire Footprint
Area (acres)
Percentage of
Footprint Area
GHG Emission Factor
(MT CO2/acre)
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2)
Deciduous Forest 14,281 21% 17.9 255,632
Mixed Forest 49,473 74% 21.7 1,073,557
Grand Total 63,754 95% 1,329,188
Sources: LANDFIRE, 2021; CARB, 2020; CalFIRE, 2020; MP North and MD Hureau. 2011 Potential GHG Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Due to Wildfire 24 3.4 County Land Carbon Management Scenarios
The degree to which carbon is lost during a wildfire event is dependent on many variables, one of which is whether fire management practices have occurred in the affected area. It has been shown that fire management practices such as deadfall clearing, thinning, and prescribed burning have a significant influence on reducing the intensity and severity of wildfires resulting in more living trees remaining after a wildfire event.33 While most forest management practices result in a net removal of carbon stocks from either the managed burning or removal of biomass material, the long-term benefits of protecting large trees with higher carbon storage values and preserving natural ecosystems may outweigh the short-term loss of carbon storage.

While wildfires are a natural process that will inevitably continue, management of forests in the County can significantly reduce the impacts of wildfires in both severity and GHG emission potential.

Based on the results of the 2010 study High-severity wildfire effects on carbon stocks and emissions in fuels treated and untreated forest , forested areas that have been treated with mechanical and prescribed fire forest management show significantly less GHG emissions and tree mortality rates than areas that were untreated.34 In the western Sierra Nevada wildfire scenario discussed in Section 3.3, Potential Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss, wildfire in untreated forest areas converted approximately 29.8 percent of biomass carbon to GHG emissions, while treated forest areas had approximately 12.8 percent of biomass carbon converted to GHG emissions. Similarly, treated forests experienced far less tree mortality rates, with 58 to 63 percent tree
mortality compared to 93 to 100 percent tree mortality in untreated forests. Based on these results, forest
management to reduce the intensity and severity of
wildfires can reduce GHG emissions from wildfire by
approximately 57 percent. In the context of Calaveras
County, this could reduce the GHG emissions potential per acre of forested land from 21.7 MT CO2/acre burned down to 9.3 MT CO2/acre burned.

3.5 County Emissions from Carbon Stock Loss Summary
The potential impact of GHG emissions from wildfire in forested areas of Calaveras County is significant and would result in a net loss of valuable carbon stocks that sequester GHG emissions that contribute to the impacts of climate change. Forest management practices such as thinning and prescribed burns can reduce both the GHG emission from wildfire and reduce the severity and intensity of wildfires, resulting in reduced tree mortality rates. While forest management practices result in a net loss of carbon in the County, the potential to preserve longstanding carbon reserves in larger trees reduces the potential for uncontrolled fires in the County. This connection between carbon stock loss and wildfire-related GHG emissions is essential for understanding the impact related to the County’s potential contribution of GHG emissions related to wildfire occurrence.

Section 4 discusses climate change vulnerability specific to wildfire. 33 Halofsky et al. 2020. Changing wildfire, changing forests: the effects of climate change on fire regimes and vegetation in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Available:<https://fireecology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42408-019-0062-8#Sec27>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 34 North and Hurteau. 2011. High-severity wildfire effects on carbon stocks and emissions in fuels treated and untreated forest.

Available: <https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/north/psw_2011_north002.pdf>. Accessed June 3, 2021.

While forest management
practices result in a net loss of
carbon in the County, the
potential to preserve longstanding
carbon reserves in larger trees
reduces the potential for
uncontrolled fires in the County.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 25 4 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Specific to Wildfire
The Calaveras County potential wildfire-related GHG emissions from carbon stock loss lends to a critical opportunity to assist in furthering thought leadership, especially when facing a challenge as daunting as adapting to changing fire frequency, intensity, and consequences that have been driven by climate change, development patterns, and land management practices. Thus, provided below is a Calaveras County climate change vulnerability assessment specific to the climate change hazard of wildfire. The increasing devastation and loss of life from wildfires in California’s WUI must be mitigated to reverse this destructive trend and make California safer while improving the health of California’s forests, shrublands, and grasslands.

4.1 Historical Wildfire
Calaveras County has experienced wildfire over the past century, as shown by the historical wildfire maps below in Figure 8. The most recent period from 2001 to 2020 shows a greater amount of County acreage affected by wildfire compared to the period from 1920-1940.

Figure 8 Calaveras County Fire Footprints (1920-1940 and 2001-2020) Source: CalFIRE Fire and Resource Assessment Program (CalFIRE FRAP). 2021. California Fire Perimeters GIS dataset. Available:
<https://frap.fire.ca.gov/mapping/gis-data/>. Accessed May 26, 2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 26 However, as shown in Figure 9, over the approximate last century the majority of the top 20 largest California wildfires occurred since 2000. Specifically, five of the State’s six largest fires burned more than four million acres during the same timeframe (double the previous record) in 2020, destroying thousands of buildings, forcing hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes, and exposing millions of people across the State to dangerously unhealthy air.

Figure 9 Top 20 Largest California Wildfires
Source: CGFMTF. 2021. California Wildfire & Forest Resilience Action Plan. Available:
<https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/ps4p2vck/californiawildfireandforestresilienceactionplan.pdf>. Accessed May 27, 2021.

Therefore, the expanse of acreage affected by wildfire has increased over time, and the frequency and intensity of wildfire has also increased over the past century throughout California.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 27 4.2 Wildfire Exposure Potential
Wildfire exposure potential can be determined by looking at the existing and projected likelihood of certain areas to wildfire. The existing likelihood is discussed below in terms of existing mapped fire hazard severity zones for Calaveras county. The projected likelihood is discussed below in terms of projected wildfire exposure areas for Calaveras County.

4.2.1 Existing Fire Hazard Severity Zones
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFIRE) serves and safeguards the people and protects the property and resources over 31 million acres of California's privately owned wildlands. Preventing wildfires within the State Responsibility Area (SRA) is a pivotal part of CalFIRE's mission. Public Resources Code 4201-4204 direct CalFIRE to map fire hazard within SRA based on relevant factors such as fuels, terrain, and weather. Additionally, CalFIRE provides recommendations for Local Responsibility Area (LRA) lands for cities and unincorporated areas of counties. These statutes were passed after significant WUI fires occurred and, consequently, fire hazards are described according to their potential for causing ignition to buildings. The Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZs) provide the basis for application of various strategies to reduce risks to buildings associated with wildland fires and also relate to the requirements for building codes designed to reduce ignition potential to buildings in WUI zones.35 As shown in Figure 10, the majority of Calaveras County is mapped as a FHSZ. The eastern portion of the County is dominated by a category of Very High FHSZ, while the western portion of the County is mapped as a combination of Very High, High, and Moderate FHSZs. Figure 11 also shows the Very High FHSZs within the City of Angels Camp, as recommended by CalFIRE. These show Very High FHSZs in the northwestern, southern, and eastern regions of the City. 35 California Office of the State Fire Marshal (COSFM). 2021. State Fire Hazard Severity Zones Maps. Available:
<https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/wildfire-planning-engineering/wildland-hazards-building-codes/fire-hazard-severity-zones-maps/>.

Accessed May 25, 2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 28 Figure 10 Calaveras County Fire Hazard Severity Zones in SRA Source: COSFM, 2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 29 Figure 11 City of Angels Camp Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA Source: COSFM, 2021.

Projected Wildfire Exposure Due to Climate Change
Historical fire occurrence data and existing fire hazard severity zones in conjunction with climate change projections can be used to evaluate the relative probability of wildfire ignition and occurrence of large fires across the State and in Calaveras County.36 Potential wildfire hazard due to climate change over the next approximate century is expected to continue to grow in the State and within Calaveras County. Per Cal-Adapt and as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, wildfire impacts are projected to further increase, especially within the eastern portions of Calaveras County, in terms of the number of acres burned over the next century. 37 36 Conservation Biology Institute. 2021. Modeling the Potential for Fire Ignition and Large Fire Occurrence. 37 These Cal-Adapt figures projecting wildfire acres burned over the next approximate century utilize the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 (high emissions scenario) per CalOES recommendation.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 30 Figure 12 Calaveras County Projected Wildfire Exposure Areas (2020s) Source: Cal-Adapt, 2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 31 Figure 13 Calaveras County Projected Wildfire Exposure Areas (2090s) Source: Cal-Adapt, 2021.

These resulting projected wildfire exposure area maps are intended to support a regional priority plan to reduce wildfire risk and improve forest health.

4.3 Wildfire Community Sensitivities
Communities will be affected by climate change to varying degrees depending on how sensitive the communities are to impacts and the severity of the impacts. Virtually all people and assets in a community will be affected by climate change in some way. However, it is not usually feasible to assess the vulnerability of every population group or every asset in the community. The sensitivity Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 32 of a community depends on the aspects of the community (i.e., specific populations and assets) most affected by anticipated climate impacts, and how prevalent they are in the community. The most likely impact of climate change that Calaveras County may experience is an increase in wildfire risk. This section of the vulnerability assessment identifies sensitive areas of the Calaveras community.

4.3.1 Populations
Population demographics are determined using the California Healthy Places Index (HPI) and United States Census Bureau unless otherwise noted. County level data are among the more comprehensive statistics available for understanding climate impacts on Sierra Nevada communities and show that 12 of the 20 counties in the Sierra Nevada qualify as disadvantaged or economically distressed; Calaveras County hovers at the threshold, though it is not considered distressed despite the community and landscape devastation caused by the 2015 Butte Fire. 38 However, of the 45,578
persons residing in Calaveras County, the following population groups may be disproportionately harmed by the climate change hazard of wildfire.

Older adults: Persons 65 years or older are more at risk for climate change impacts related to wildfire, especially those living alone, because aging can impair muscle strength, coordination, cognitive ability, immune system, and the regulation of body temperature. These conditions can be exacerbated by poor air quality resulting from wildfires and present challenges in evacuating older adult populations. Approximately 28 percent of County residents are over 65 years, which is more than the Statewide average of 15 percent of residents over 65 years.

Persons with chronic health conditions or disabilities: These are people who have a long-term or permanent health condition that can create regular challenges in their day-to-day lives. These health problems include cancer, heart disease, obesity, and arthritis. In addition, these are people with any kind of disability, including mobility challenges, hearing or vision impairments, behavioral disabilities, and challenges living independently or taking care of themselves. Chronic illnesses are exacerbated by climate change, with wildfire presenting additional risk through increased air pollution and difficulty in evacuating persons with mobility challenges and essential medical equipment. Approximately 15 percent of County residents have a disability.

Renters: These are people who live in homes that they (or the head of their household) do not own.

Renters have less control over home improvements than homeowners and may not be able to adequately protect themselves from climate hazards such as wildfire by retrofitting their homes and adjusting their property’s surroundings. Approximately 12 percent of housing units in the County are renter-occupied.

Uninsured individuals: People without health insurance have difficulty accessing quality health care and are more likely to have unmet health needs. Climate impacts such as wildfire and related elevated levels of air pollution are expected to cause direct and indirect health impacts, particularly for vulnerable populations with limited or no access to health services. Approximately 7 percent of County residents aged 18 to 64 are uninsured.
38 OPR, CNRA, and California Energy Commission (CEC). 2021. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Report – Sierra Nevada Region Report. Available: <https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Reg_Report-SUM-CCCA4-2018- 004_SierraNevada_ADA.pdf>. Accessed May 28., 2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 33 4.3.2 Buildings
Residential Structures: Residential structures in Calaveras County consist of single-family dwellings and multi-family units, totaling 27,995 housing units.

Public Safety Facilities: Public safety facilities include fire buildings and police stations. Calaveras County has 39 fire departments and fire stations owned and operated by nine local fire districts. The County is also served by the Calaveras County Sherriff’s Office with a headquarters and four substations located within the County.39
Community Facilities and Government Buildings: Community and government facilities are public properties and are important to the residents as well as the operation of the County. The County seat is located in San Andreas. In addition, there are eight public libraries within the County, the San Andreas Central Library and seven additional branch libraries. 40 Schools: Calaveras County has four school districts and a County Office of Education. There are ten elementary schools (one is K-8), two middle schools, two high schools, and several alternative schools. The total K-12 student population is approximately 5,300. 41 The schools are located
primarily along access road corridors such as California Highway 49, California Highway 4, and California Highway 26, and the County Office of Education is located proximate to the intersection of California Highways 49 and 4 in Angels Camp.

4.3.3 Infrastructure
Access Roads: Access roads provide entry to and exit from communities and neighborhoods. A limited number of entry and exit points does not make a road itself more vulnerable than other roads, but disruption to access roads can effectively cut off large numbers of people from other areas of the County. California State Routes 49, 4, and 26 are the primary access roads into and out of the County.

Water System: The Calaveras County Water District supplies water to the County, including to about 13,080 municipal and residential/commercial customers in six service areas throughout the County.
42 Within the City of Angels Camp, the City provides water and sewer services to businesses and residents.

Electrical Utility Lines and Natural Gas Pipelines: These lines transmit and deliver electricity and natural gas from Pacific Gas & Electric to the County. The County has both underground and overhead electric utility lines as well as underground natural gas pipelines.

Electrical Substations: Electrical substations are facilities that convert electricity from one voltage to another, making it suitable for long-distance transmission or for use by homes, businesses, and other electrical customers. There is one electrical substation, the PG&E Valley Springs Substation, located within the County limits and owned and operated by Pacific Gas & Electric. 39 Calaveras County. 2021. County Sheriff’s Office. <https://sheriff.calaverasgov.us/Outreach/Substations>. Accessed June 2, 2021. 40 Calaveras County. 2021. County Library and All Branch Locations. Available: <https://library.calaverasgov.us/Locations-Hours>.

Accessed June 2, 2021.
41 Calaveras County Office of Education (CCOE). 2021. Calaveras County School Location and District Information. Available:
<https://www.ccoe.k12.ca.us/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=1175520&type=d&pREC_ID=1423925#:~:text=Calaveras%20Unified%20Sch ool%20District%20is,Road%20Flat%20and%20West%20Point.>. Accessed June 2, 2021. 42 Calaveras County Water District (CCWD). 2021. Our History. Available: <https://ccwd.org/about/>. Accessed June 9, 2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 34 4.3.4 Natural and Managed Resources
Forest Resources: Forests in Calaveras County represent a natural and economic resource. Forest lands provide natural habitats as well as opportunities for recreation. Calaveras County spans 663,290 acres (1,036 square miles). As shown in Table 2, a total of 403,499 acres of evergreen, deciduous, and mixed forest lands exist within the County. As such, forested areas represent approximately 61 percent of County land area. The forest supports a wide variety of wildlife and plant species due to its range in climate, elevation, and geology. The Stanislaus National Forest contains approximately 325,000 acres of commercial forest land and is also home to the Emigrant Wilderness, Mokelumne Wilderness, and the Carson-Iceberg Wilderness.

With approximately 159,000 acres of hardwood habitat (24 percent of land area in the County), including 2,000 acres of Blue Oak-Foothill Pine, 55,000 acres of Blue Oak Woodland, 102,000 acres of Montane Hardwood, and a small amount of Montane Riparian habitat, Calaveras County contains approximately 1.6 percent of California’s nearly 10 million acres of hardwood rangeland and forests.

It leads all other counties in the percentage of County land area in oak woodland within the State.

And in Calaveras County, approximately 89 percent of the County's hardwood rangelands are privately held, and 75,901 acres is located within the Stanislaus National Forest. 43, 44
Timber Resources: As of 2018, the County contained approximately 77,500 acres of land zoned as Timberland Production. Timber is the largest commodity industry in the County at $8,948,100 of revenue in 2018. Quality timber harvesting returned to the County with a good market. Crews also worked on fire breaks, and those sellable logs were utilized. The California Forest Practice Act was enacted to ensure that logging is done in a sustainable manner that will preserve and protect wildlife, forests, and streams. The CFPA is applicable to all commercial harvesting activities conducted by landowners of small parcels and large timber companies alike in the County. CalFire is responsible for enforcing the laws that regulate logging on privately-owned lands in California. 45 Livestock Resources: As of 2018, the County contained approximately 198,000 acres of rangeland with 17,700 head of cattle/calves. Cattle/calves and poultry are the second and fourth largest commodity industries in the County at $7,852,537 and $3,338,100 of revenue, respectively, in 2018.

Cattle grazing provides an additional benefit of reducing vegetated fuel load and maintaining open space to reduce fire hazard in the County.
46 Crop Resources: As of 2018, the County contained approximately 711 acres of wine grape crops and 794 acres of walnuts crops. Wine grapes and walnuts are the third and fifth largest commodity industries in the County at $3,389,750 and $1,346,624 of revenue, respectively, in 2018. In addition to gross production value, wineries and tasting rooms provide added value to the wine grape yields and walnut sales to rangeland visitors provides added value to the walnut yields in the County. 47 43 Calaveras County. 2018. Calaveras county General Plan Draft EIR Agricultural, Forest, and Mineral Resources Chapter. Available:
<https://planning.calaverasgov.us/Portals/Planning/Documents/Draft%20General%20Plan%20Update/CEQA/4_2_Agricultural%20Forest %20and%20Mineral%20Resources.pdf>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 44 Calaveras County. 2007. Voluntary Oak Woodland Management Plan. Available:
<https://ema.calaverasgov.us/Portals/EMA/Documents/Ag/Oak_Woodland_Management_Plan.pdf>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 45 Calaveras County. 2018. Calaveras County Crop Report. 46 Calaveras County. 2018. Calaveras County Crop Report. 47 Calaveras County. 2018. Calaveras County Crop Report.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 35 4.4 Wildfire Impacts Due to Climate Change
Climate change hazards and impacts vary depending on location. Understanding local climate hazards and impacts allows communities to prepare for the future and increase their resilience.

Climate change is projected to continue affecting Calaveras County in many ways, including increased wildfires and associated air pollution. Projected wildfire impacts for Calaveras County are described below based on information presented by Cal-Adapt and the Sierra Nevada Summary Report of California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment.

The combination of warmer temperatures and greater precipitation variability are expected to increase the prevalence of droughts in the State and Calaveras County and, thus, need for forest fuel management practices. These changes in climate pose daunting challenges to the region’s landscapes, resources and communities, including wildfire risk. Fire is a major driver of the ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada region. The warming and drying trends are projected to increase the frequency and severity of wildfire. A progressively altered fire regime is a primary and acute risk to the flora, fauna, and persons of the Sierra Nevada region. High-severity wildfires have the potential to transform urban and natural landscapes, perhaps irreversibly, thereby threatening population communities with death, injury, and/or displacement, residential and other key buildings damage, and critical infrastructure in terms of access to access roads, water service, and power service. The smoke and air pollution produced by wildfire is also a serious threat to human health.48 Furthermore, wildfires have the potential to damage the County’s forest, timber, livestock, and crop resources, which could in turn adversely affect the County’s valuable habitat and ecosystem services as well as timber, livestock (cattle and poultry), wine grape, and walnut industries.

Therefore, location of funding in terms of wildfire and specifically WUI fire risk will be important for the County to identify and obtain for ongoing forest fuel management practices and increased wildfire prevention.

4.5 Wildland Urban Interface Vulnerability
The WUI is the zone of transition between unoccupied land and human development. It is the line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels. Communities adjacent to and surrounded by wildland are at varying degrees of risk from wildfires.

4.5.1 Wildfire Cause and Times of Year
Wildland fires are classified as either naturally occurring or human-caused. Common causes of wildfire, which are mostly due to humans, include:
▪ Equipment use and malfunctions
▪ Vehicle crashes and engine sparks
▪ Negligently discarded cigarettes
▪ Unattended campfires
▪ Burning of debris
48 OPR, CNRA, and CEC. 2021. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Report – Sierra Nevada Region Report. Available:
<https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Reg_Report-SUM-CCCA4-2018-004_SierraNevada_ADA.pdf>. Accessed May 28., 2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 36 ▪ Intentional acts of arson
▪ Lightning strikes
Peak wildfire season within California usually occurs between July and November, a time when hot, dry winds are most frequent and vegetated areas are dry, constituting a higher fuel load.

4.5.2 Developed Areas Impacted by Wildfire
As demonstrated in Figure 14, the majority of residents within the County live in intermix WUI areas or interface WUI areas. Intermix WUI refers to areas where housing and wildland vegetation intermingle, while interface WUI refers to areas where housing is in the vicinity of a large area of dense wildland vegetation. The WUI areas also primarily coincide with the major transportation corridors within the County (California State Routes 49, 4, and 26).

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 37 Figure 14 Calaveras County WUI Areas
Sources: CalFIRE, 2020; ESRI, 2021

4.5.3 Wildfire Climate Change Vulnerability Case Study – Butte Fire The Butte Fire that occurred in September 2015 is one of the top 20 most destructive California wildfires. The fire was ignited by tree branches coming in contact with powerlines in Amador County in September of 2015, with high winds quickly spreading the fire into Calaveras County. As shown in Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 38 Figure 7 in Section 3, the wildfire burned through primarily mixed forest land-cover vegetation types, per the 2010 NWL inventory. The Butte Fire resulted in:
▪ 2 deaths (in the Mokelumne Hill and Mountain Ranch areas); ▪ 921 structures (including 549 homes) lost; and
▪ 70,868 acres burned.
49 In addition, resources assigned to combat the fire included 4,865 personnel, 519 fire engines, 92 hand crews, 10 helicopters, and 94 dozers. And California Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in Calaveras County when the fire expanded to 65,000 acres in size.50 The Butte Fire alone represented 8 percent of total area burned by wildfire in California in 2015, which was 893,362 acres in total.

Figure 15 shows WUI areas within the County in relation to the largest fire that has occurred in Calaveras County in recent history, the Butte Fire. It appears that the wildfire suppression effort was able to prevent the Butte Fire from spreading into all of the interface WUI areas and a majority of the intermix WUI areas. This prevented even greater human and structural loss, given that the wildfire perimeter was held from extending into a majority of the WUI areas for much of the County. However, major devastation still occurred within some WUI areas due to the Butte Fire.

Climate change resulted in the grape harvest starting two weeks earlier than normal and also exacerbated the Butte Fire given that California was in the midst of a five-year drought that lasted from 2012 to 2016.51 Daniel Berlant with CalFIRE said that the State's historic multi-year drought was a factor in the Butte Fire, because such drought conditions allow for a simple spark, an ember, and any type of open flame to quickly ignite into a wildfire and spread very rapidly. CalFire called the growth of the Butte Fire "unprecedented."52
49 CalFIRE. 2021. Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires. Available:
<https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/t1rdhizr/top20_destruction.pdf>. Accessed May 26, 2021. 50 Wildfire Today. 2021. Butte Fire Archives. Available: <https://wildfiretoday.com/tag/butte-fire/>. Accessed June 8, 2021. 51 California Department of Water Resources (CDWR). 2021. Drought. Accessible: <https://water.ca.gov/water-basics/drought >.

Accessed June 10, 2021.
52 Capradio. 2021. Available: <https://www.capradio.org/articles/2015/09/14/california-drought-factor-in-rapid-growth-of-wildfires/>.

Accessed June 9,2021.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 39 Figure 15 Calaveras County WUI Areas and Butte Fire Perimeter Sources: CalFIRE, 2020; ESRI, 2021
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Specific to Wildfire 40 Steps that could possibly have prevented or at least minimized the spread of the Butte County Fire include:
▪ better management and maintenance of powerlines, including but not limited to undergrounding of powerlines;
▪ Better management and clearing of defensible space around powerlines that traverse forested areas as well as the buildings throughout the County that were lost and damaged from the wildfire; and
▪ Quicker notification and response of downed or malfunctioning powerlines by the electric provider to the local fire departments and stations.

In addition, in order to disrupt the feedback cycle of wildfires that threatens communities at the WUI, it is necessary to identify and assess both GHG emissions and climate change impacts posed by wildfire and to subsequently develop mitigation and adaptation strategies. In order to do so, planning, fire, and forest managers require information regarding where fires are likely to occur, the intensity at which they might occur, and with what impacts to communities, assets, and resources.

4.6 County Climate Change Vulnerability Summary
Climate change resulting in increased temperatures, drought, and dry fuel load throughout the State is anticipated to exacerbate the potential for wildfire hazard and impact within the County. Forest management practices such as thinning and prescribed burns can reduce the severity and intensity of wildfires, in turn reducing the potential for uncontrolled fires in the WUI where the majority of residences exist and providing net benefits to the County. This connection between climate change and related impacts in the WUI is essential for understanding the climate hazards specific to wildfire in terms of the potential impact to residents, businesses, the local economy, and ecosystem services. Section 5 discusses best practices for reducing wildfire impact.

Wildfire Impact Reduction Best Practices
41 5 Wildfire Impact Reduction Best Practices
Given Calaveras County vulnerability to wildfire and per best practices identified by State agencies in the State Wildfire and Resilience Action Plan and OPR Fire Hazard Planning Technical Advisory, in order to protect public health and minimize risks to existing and new land uses, there should be an acceleration of efforts within the County to:
▪ Restore the health and resilience of forests, grasslands, and natural places; ▪ Improve the fire safety of communities and land uses; and ▪ Sustain the economic vitality of rural forested areas.53 Since the scale of the potential wildfire problem is great, multiple routes of action need to be taken to accomplish wildfire resiliency.

5.1.1 Restored Forest/Shrub/Grassland Health and Resilience

5.1.1.1 Forest Health and Resilience Management
Activities to restore forest health and resilience should focus on thinning overgrown forests and dry fuel load within the Stanislaus National Forest and privately held forested areas of Calaveras County, with particular attention to areas along highways and roadways where wildfires are most likely to ignite at the WUI interface. Meadow restoration to improve water quantity and quality could also be part of shrubland and grassland resilience-building activities.54 Thinning of overgrown forests and forests with large amounts of forest debris and decay can also be accomplished through prescribed burns that are carefully planned and closely watched by the local fire districts and CalFIRE.

Work to improve resilience to wildfire is currently being performed in Calaveras County through the efforts of multiple agencies. The Upper Mokelumne River Watershed Authority has been treating overgrown forests in the Stanislaus and El Dorado National Forests since 2006, under contract with the U.S. Forest Service, with activities focusing on areas along roadways. As of 2021, over 4,000 acres of overgrown forests in the Upper Mokelumne River Watershed have been treated through this effort, with plans to expand to efforts to include an additional 50,000 acres of permitted projects.55 One such project was the Lily Gap Project, which included thinning of trees and brush on 157 acres near the town of West Point.56 Additionally, prescribed burns are regularly performed within the Stanislaus National Forest and Calaveras Big Tree State Park, with 218 and 248 acres of prescribed burns planned for 2021 in each part, respectively.57,58 53 OPR. 2020. Fire Hazard Planning Technical Advisory.
54 Calaveras County. 2007. Voluntary Oak Woodland Management Plan. Available:
<https://ema.calaverasgov.us/Portals/EMA/Documents/Ag/Oak_Woodland_Management_Plan.pdf>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 55 Upper Mokelumne River Watershed Authority (UMRWA). 2021. Forest Health Projects Reducing Risk of Catastrophic Wildfire.

Available:<http://www.umrwa.org/uploads/UMRWA_BFF%20Press%20Release%20-%20final.pdf>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 56United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (USDI BLM). ND. California Stewardship Contracting. Available:
<https://www.blm.gov/programs/natural-resources/forests-and-woodlands/stewardship-contracting/california>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 57 McCarty. 2021. Custodians of Stanislaus National Forest plan prescribed burns mid-May into June. The Union Democrat. Available:
<https://www.uniondemocrat.com/news/article_fd01b854-b1c3-11eb-b138-cf0480ee59ee.html>. Accessed June 3, 2021. 58 Pine Tree, The. 2021. California State Parks and CalFIRE Plan Prescribed Burns at Calaveras Big Trees State Park. Available:
<http://thepinetree.net/new/?p=119052>. Accessed June 3, 2021.

Wildfire Impact Reduction Best Practices
42 5.1.1.2 Collaborative Forestry
Regional stakeholder collaborations and community-based organizations could improve capacity and options for County- and regional-scale forest management and restoration. Collaboration at the community and regional levels promote ecosystem restoration in a manner that improves the resilience of forests and capacity of such communities to respond to climate change. Collaboratives within the Sierra Nevada region are working to address pivotal barriers to forest restoration through development of tools and approaches aimed at maintaining healthy resilient forests and managing response and realignment in the face of climate change. And community organizations are also providing the local and social capital to enable forest restoration and health initiatives to move forward. Calaveras County can continue and expand upon the following collaborative forestry actions within the Sierra Nevada region:
▪ collaborative groups engaged in environmental planning for forest restoration helping the U.S. Forest Service as extension of staff in order to carry out ▪ State and federal agencies partnered as part of the Tahoe-Central Sierra Initiative to conduct fuel treatments along highway corridors, restoring ecosystem resilience and protecting communities; and
▪ A Master Stewardship Agreement established to collaboratively pursue projects that promote forest resilience within the Stanislaus National Forest. 59

5.1.2 Improved Community and Land Use Fire Safety

5.1.2.1 Creation and Maintenance of Defensible Space
For people living in a wildfire-prone zone such as the Sierra Nevada region (including Calaveras County), CalFIRE and FEMA suggest creating at least a 100-foot defensible space around such homes. Defensible space is an area around a building or structure within which vegetation and other debris are completely cleared; this reduces the spread of fire and can save homes and other buildings from igniting. Specifically, as shown in Figure 16, defensible space is a multi-zone protection that homeowners can create around their homes to limit or slow the spread of fire, and it involves clearing dead brush and vegetation as well as keeping a distance between tree limbs and ground plants. In addition, maintaining a 100-foot defensible space buffer around buildings and structures is required by California Public Resources Code, Division 4, Part 2. 60 59 OPR, CNRA, and CEC. 2021. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Report – Sierra Nevada Region Report. Available:
<https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Reg_Report-SUM-CCCA4-2018-004_SierraNevada_ADA.pdf>. Accessed May 28., 2021.
60 California Legislative Information (CLI). 2021. California Public Resources Code, Division 4, Part 2. Available:
<https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=PRC&division=4.&title=&part=2.&chapter=1.&article=2.>.

Accessed May 27, 2021.

Wildfire Impact Reduction Best Practices
43 Figure 16 Defensible Space Zones
Source: CalFIRE. 2021. Wildfire Defensible Space Guidance.

5.1.2.2 Emergency Response and Evacuation Planning
The majority of County residents live in WUI areas proximate to the major transportation corridors traversing the County (California State Routes 49, 4, and 26). As such, these transportation corridors are key to emergency response (for firefighters needing to access and protect residential areas during wildfire events) and emergency evacuation operations (residents fleeing their homes during wildfire events). Thus, regular maintenance and improvement of these transportation corridors is one of the primary wildfire defense actions that the County can take.

Per California Assembly Bill 747, county and city general plan safety elements are required to address evacuation routes related to identified fire hazards. The Calaveras County Office of Emergency Services (OES) strives to build a disaster-prepared and resilient County through emergency management and coordination with response partners and the community. County OES is responsible for wildfire preparedness, mitigation, and response and recovery and aims to create partnerships, plans, and systems to build capabilities and coordinate the preparedness, response, and recovery efforts of all County and regional stakeholders. 61 In conjunction with CalFire, Calaveras County OES and the Calaveras County Sheriff's Office has created an Emergency Evacuation System, which is divided into 60 grid pages and further divided into 307 2-mile by 2-mile evacuation zones.
62 61 Calaveras County Office of Emergency Services (CCOES). 2021. Available: <https://nextdoor.com/agency-post/ca/calaverascounty/calaveras-county-office-of-emergency-services/evacuation-map-113652600/>. Accessed June 9, 2021 62 Calaveras County Public Evacuation Application (CCPEA). 2021. Available:
<https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=4792467f1b154c9da6ba04a2f8bc6ca3>. Accessed June 9, 2021 Wildfire Impact Reduction Best Practices
44 5.1.3 Sustained Rural Forested Area Economic Vitality Stewardship Authority contracts allow the U.S. Forest Service to blend needed restoration work with commercially viable timber extraction work (objectives traditionally achieved through separate contracts) to achieve land management goals for the national forests and the public lands that also meet local and rural community economic needs. Small-scale bioenergy facilities and co-located businesses (e.g., post, pole, etc.), are logical complements to such Stewardship Authority contracts, providing local employment by making use of low-value end-products (i.e., small-diameter wood) and by-products (i.e., slash). In addition, pairing biomass energy production with community-scale manufacturing can increase the volume of fuel load removed from densely stocked forest stands and also create more jobs for local County residents. Such an approach would reduce likely exposure to high-severity wildfire as well as rebuild community capacity, creating a positive feedback loop between the environment and the economy that helps empower the County to address future climate impacts.63
63 OPR, CNRA, and CEC. 2021. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Report – Sierra Nevada Region Report. Available:
<https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Reg_Report-SUM-CCCA4-2018-004_SierraNevada_ADA.pdf>. Accessed May 28., 2021.

Conclusion
45 6 Conclusion
Projected changes in climate change imperil the forest carbon balance. During the 21st century, increases in wildfire hazard, drought frequency, and forest vulnerability will represent threats to the survival and growth of trees as well as the safety and health of persons. Projected wildfire disturbances and land-use changes (i.e., development), indicate that, by the middle of the 21st century, the Sierra Nevada region will lose more than 25 percent of the carbon stored in living biomass.
64 Fire managers, analysts, and resource specialists value wildfire vulnerability assessment and its role in terms of informing decision makers and helping implement action under the framework processes. It is the hope that this report discussing Calaveras County natural and working lands inventories, potential for future wildfire-related GHG emissions, climate change vulnerability assessment specific to wildfire, Butte Fire-specific case studies, and State-agency-supported wildfire impact reduction best practices will assist Calaveras County with both GHG emissions reduction planning as well as climate change wildfire hazard and forest resilience planning. 64 OPR, CNRA, and CEC. 2021. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Report – Sierra Nevada Region Report. Available:
<https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Reg_Report-SUM-CCCA4-2018-004_SierraNevada_ADA.pdf>. Accessed May 28, 2021.

Report Preparers
46 7 Report Preparers
Erik Feldman, Sustainability Principal
Kelsey Bennett, Environmental/Sustainability Senior Program Manager Andrew Beecher, Sustainability Planner
Camila Bobroff, Sustainability Analyst
Jon Montgomery, GIS Specialist
Adam Grace, Graphics Specialist
Appendix C. GHGRP Measure Quantifications & Substantial Evidence

DOCUMENTS ATTACHED BELOW
City of Angels Camp Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan 65
Strategy Measure
Number Measure Description
Annual Reductions from
Electricity in 2030
(MTCO2e)
Annual Reductions from
Propane & Wood in 2030
(MTCO2e)
Total Annual
Reductions in 2030
(MTCO2e)
Annual Reductions from
Electricity in 2045 (MTCO2e)
Annual Reductions from
Propane & Wood in 2045
(MTCO2e)
Total Annual
Reductions in 2045
(MTCO2e)
RE-1 Increase Community Renewable
Energy
Convert 50% of existing residential grid electricity and 30% of existing commercial grid electricity to renewable electricity by 2030. - Increase the use of renewable energy in the community and support efforts to increase renewable and carbon-free energy generation, including wind, solar, hydro, and biomass, and to ensure customer access to this renewable energy. - Encourage on-site renewable energy generation and storage systems for residents and businesses. - Develop a robust renewable energy program that provides outreach, financing opportunities, and technical assistance to residents and businesses.
- Pursue community solar projects.
- Work with large energy users to transition towards renewable and zero net energy projects. - Pursue distributed energy resources (DERs), microgrids, energy storage opportunities, and grid optimization projects. 451 451 - -
RE-2
Implement On-Site Renewable
Energy Generation (Government
Operations)
Support efforts on available government-owned land or buildings to increase renewable and carbon-free energy generation, including, wind, solar, hydro, and biomass. Promote on-site renewable energy generation and energy storage. Evaluate the renewable energy potential and assess barriers to increased renewable energy generation.

Not quantified -
reductions accounted for
under RE-1.

Not quantified -
reductions accounted
for under RE-1.

Perform Energy
Education and
Outreach
EO-1 Conduct Energy Conservation
Outreach and Education
Conduct energy conservation and efficiency education and outreach to residents and businesses. Support and promote programs for lower-income and disadvantaged populations. Increase awareness of resources and financing opportunities for homes and businesses to:
(1) replace old appliances with energy-efficient models, (2) conduct retrofits to HVAC systems and building envelope, (3) upgrade to efficient lighting,
(4) replace old and inefficient wood- and propane-burning heaters, and (5) add smart controls and sensors.

This includes property owners (primary, vacation, and second homeowners), property management groups, and landlords. Increase participation in voluntary residential and commercial energy efficiency programs. Provide opportunities for homes and businesses to complete energy audits and pursue rebates and financing options to implement energy efficiency measures. Educate citizens about low income home weatherization programs (DOE Weatherization Assistance Program, California’s Low-Income Weatherization Program, utility-offered Energy Savings Assistance Program, local program). Educate about existing housing rehabilitation loan programs. Partner with the local utilities (PG&E and Calaveras Public Power Agency) to promote existing energy programs for residents and businesses. 154 240 394 - 67 67
EB-1 Facilitate Energy Efficiency
Retrofits The City will pursue funding to help facilitate (i.e., incentivize) energy-efficient upgrades for homes and businesses, such as upgrading outdated wood-burning and propane appliances with more-efficient models, as discussed in EO-1. 168 212 380 - 138 138
EB-2 Establish a Green Business Program Establish a green business program that certifies businesses based on criteria such as energy efficiency, employee wellness, water and waste reduction, etc. Benefits to employee wellness could include active transportation, cleaner air, etc. 3 0 3 - 0 0
EB-3 Implement an Electrification Timeof-Replacement Ordinance By 2025, adopt an ordinance that requires residential and commercial fossil fuel-powered space and water heating appliances be replaced with electric alternatives at time of replacement. -89 1,008 919 - 2,560 2,560
EB-4 Improve Building Energy Efficiency
of Government Operations
Pursue grants to improve the energy efficiency of existing city buildings and infrastructure whenever a project is undertaken to improve or maintain them. This includes maintenance or improvement of both interior and exterior (streetlight, parking lot lighting, traffic signals, and other outdoor area lighting) operations. Energy efficiency improvements include retrofits or commissioning/retrocommissioning to HVAC, lighting, controls, sensors, building envelope, and any other energy loads.

Not quantified -
reductions accounted for
under EB-1.

Not quantified -
reductions accounted
for under EB-1.

NC-1 Implement Reach Codes Pursue reach codes and green building standards that go beyond Title 24. Examples include: incentives for exceeding minimum building energy performance, requiring new construction to be fully electric (no propane), or requiring energy audits. 20 41 62 - 92 92
NC-2 Incentivize ZNE New Construction Incentivize new residential and nonresidential buildings to be built all-electric and install renewable energy generation and energy storage systems that can fully offset energy needs. 2 2 12 12 706 1,504 2,210 - 2,870 2,870
Sector 2030 2045
Residential 1,897 2,824
Nonresidential 314 46
Total 2,210 2,870
Total Annual Energy GHG Reductions (MTCO2e)
Increase
Renewable
Energy
Retrofit Existing
Buildings
Efficient New
Construction
Emissions Reductions by Sector
RE-1: Increase Community Renewable Energy
Convert 50% of existing residential grid electricity and 30% of existing commercial grid electricity to renewable electricity by 2030. 2018 2030 2045 Existing energy use in residential buildings
Existing residential grid electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3, EB-1, and EO-1) 13,993 12,438 12,485 Assumed percent increase in residential renewable energy [1] 50% 90% Reduced grid electricity usage (MWh) 6,219 11,236
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 GHG reductions from existing residential renewable energy (MTCO2e) 322 0 Existing energy use in commercial buildings*
Existing commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3, EB-1, EO-1, and EB-2) 11,205 8,344 6,887 Existing commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3, EB-1, EO-1, and EB-2) 1,467 1,092 902 Target percent increase in commercial renewable energy [1] 30% 90% Reduced PG&E grid electricity usage (MWh) 2,503 6,198
Reduced CPPA grid electricity usage (MWh) 328 811
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0 GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 129 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0 0 GHG reductions from existing commercial retrofits (MTCO2e) 129 0 GHG Reductions from RE-1: Increase Community Renewable Energy (MTCO2e) 451 - Sources:
[1] City communications - based on permit data, assumes a residential and commercial solar insall rate of approximately 6% and 3.5% per year through 2030, respectively. City expects 50% residential installation by 2030. Assumes declining annual rate reaching 90% by 2045.

EO-1: Conduct Energy Conservation Outreach and Education Reduce existing and new residential and commercial energy use (all sources) by 12% in 2030 and 2045 through robust energy conservation outreach and education. 2018 2030 2045 Existing energy use in residential buildings
Existing residential PG&E electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 13,993 14,134 14,187 Existing residential propane usage (gallons) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 485,623 289,553 65,923 Existing residential wood usage (MMBtu) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 31,313 21,841 2,348 Target percent energy conservation in existing residential buildings [1 2 3]* 12% 12% Reduced electricity usage (MWh) 1,696 1,702
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 34,746 7,911
Reduced wood usage (MMBtu) 2,621 282
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0.00000 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
Wood emissions factor (MTCO2e/MMBtu) 0.00996 0.00996
GHG emissions reductions from electricity (MTCO2e) 87.69 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 196.23 45 GHG emissions reductions from wood (MTCO2e) 26.11 3
GHG reductions from energy conservation in existing residential buildings (MTCO2e) 310 47 Existing energy use in commercial buildings
Existing commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 11,205 9,536 7,871 Existing commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 1,467 1,248 1,030 Existing commercial propane usage (gallons) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 9,736 6,413 2,644 Target percent energy conservation in existing commercial buildings [1 2 3]* 12% 12% Reduced PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 1,144 944
Reduced CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 150 124
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 770 317
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0.00000 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0.00000 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 59.16 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0.00 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 4.35 2
GHG reductions from energy conservation in existing commercial buildings (MTCO2e) 64 2 New energy use in residential buildings 2018 2030 2045
Forecast residential electricity usage (MWh) (after ZNE-1) 13,993 14,506 14,702 Forecast residential propane usage (gallons) (after ZNE-1 and ZNE-2) 485,623 503,132 508,363 Forecast residential wood usage (MMBtu) (after ZNE-1 and ZNE-2) 31,313 32,442 32,779 New residential electricity usage (MWh) 513 709
New residential propane usage (gallons) 17,509 22,740
New residential wood usage (MMBtu) 1,129 1,466
Target percent energy conservation in new residential buildings [1 2 3]* 12% 12% Reduced electricity usage (MWh) 62 85
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 2,101 2,729
Reduced wood usage (MMBtu) 135 176
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0.00000 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
Wood emissions factor (MTCO2e/MMBtu) 0.00996 0.00996
GHG emissions reductions from electricity (MTCO2e) 3.18 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 11.87 15 GHG emissions reductions from wood (MTCO2e) 1.35 2
GHG reductions from energy conservation in new residential buildings (MTCO2e) 16 17 New energy use in commercial buildings 2018 2030 2045
Forecast commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) (after ZNE-1) 11,205 11,778 12,236 Forecast commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) (after ZNE-1) 1,467 1,542 1,602 Forecast commercial propane usage (gallons) (after ZNE-1 and ZNE-2) 9,736 10,226 10,548 New commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 573 1,031
New commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 75 135
New commercial propane usage (gallons) 490 813
Target percent energy conservation in new commercial buildings [1 2 3]* 12% 12% Reduced PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 69 124
Reduced CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 9 16
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 59 98
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 3.56 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0.00 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 0.33 1
GHG reductions from energy conservation in new commercial buildings (MTCO2e) 4 1 GHG Reductions from EO-1: Conduct Energy Conservation Outreach and Education (MTCO2e) 394 67 Sources:
[2] https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015- 08/documents/national_action_plan_for_energy_efficiency_report_chapter_6_energy_efficiency_program_best_practices.pdf [3] https://www.aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/e063.pdf [1] https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2000/data/papers/SS00_Panel8_Paper10.pdf *Suggested target percent energy reduction from retrofits for City's consideration EB-1: Facilitate Energy Efficiency Retrofits
The City will pursue funding to help facilitate (i.e., incentivize) energy-efficient upgrades for homes and businesses, such as upgrading outdated wood-burning and propane appliances with more-efficient models, as discussed in EO-1. 2018 2030 2045
Existing energy use in residential buildings
Existing residential electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3) 13,993 15,705 18,916 Existing residential propane usage (gallons) (after EB-3) 485,623 321,725 87,898 Existing residential wood usage (MMBtu) (after EB-3) 31,313 24,268 3,131 Target percent energy reduction for existing residential buildings [1]* 10% 25% Reduced electricity usage (MWh) 1,570 4,729
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 32,173 21,974
Reduced wood usage (MMBtu) 2,427 783
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
Wood emissions factor (MTCO2e/MMBtu) 0.00996 0.00996
GHG emissions reductions from electricity (MTCO2e) 81 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 182 124
GHG emissions reductions from wood (MTCO2e) 24 8
GHG reductions from existing residential energy efficiency retrofits (MTCO2e) 287 132 Existing energy use in commercial buildings
Existing commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3) 11,205 11,219 11,244 Existing commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3) 1,467 1,469 1,472 Existing commercial propane usage (gallons) (after EB-3) 9,736 7,545 3,778 Target percent energy reduction for existing commercial buildings [2 3]* 15% 30% Reduced PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 1,683 3,373
Reduced CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 220 442
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 1,132 1,133
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 87 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 6 6
GHG reductions from existing commercial energy efficiency retrofits (MTCO2e) 93 6 GHG Reductions from EB-1: Facilitate Energy Efficiency Retrofits (MTCO2e) 380 138 Sources:
[1] California Energy Commission. 2014. Impact Evaluation of the California Comprehensive Residential Retrofit Programs. [2] https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-20761.pdf. [3] https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-20814.pdf *Suggested target percent energy reduction from retrofits for City's consideration EB-2: Establish a Green Business Program
Establish a green business program that certifies businesses based on criteria such as energy efficiency, employee wellness, water and waste reduction, etc. 2018 2030 2045 Existing energy use in commercial buildings
Existing commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 11,205 9,536 7,871 Existing commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) (after EB-3 and EB-1) 1,467 1,248 1,030 Existing commercial propane usage (gallons) 9,736 6,413 2,644 Target participation rate* 5% 5%
Target percent energy reduction for existing commercial buildings* 10% 10% Reduced PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 48 39
Reduced CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 6 5
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 32 13
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 2 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 0 0
GHG reductions from existing green businesses (MTCO2e) 3 0 New energy use in commercial buildings 2018 2030 2045
New commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) (after ZNE-1) 11,205 11,778 12,236 New commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) (after ZNE-1) 1,467 1,542 1,602 New commercial propane usage (gallons) (after ZNE-1 and ZNE-2) 9,736 10,226 10,548 New commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 573 1,031
New commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 75 135
New commercial propane usage (gallons) 490 813
Target participation rate* 5% 5%
Target percent energy reduction for new commercial buildings* 10% 10% Reduced PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 3 5
Reduced CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 0 1
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 2 4
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0.00000 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0.00000 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 0 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 0 0
GHG reductions from new green businesses (MTCO2e) 0 0
GHG Reductions from EB-2: Establish a Green Business Program (MTCO2e) 3 0 Sources:
*Suggested target participation rate and percent energy reduction from green businesses for City's consideration EB-3: Implement an Electrification Time-of-Replacement Ordinance By 2025, adopt an ordinance that requires residential and commercial fossil fuel-powered space and water heating appliances be replaced with electric alternatives at time of replacement.
2018 2030 2045
Existing non-electricity energy use in residential buildings Existing residential propane usage (gallons) 485,623 485,623 485,623 Existing residential wood usage (MMBtu) 31,313 31,313 31,313 Percentage of homes with replaced propane water heating [1]* 45% 90% Percentage of residential propane usage used for water heating [2] 59% 59% Reduced propane usage from water heating (gallons) 128,933 257,866 Percentage of homes with replaced propane and wood space heating [3 4 5]* 23% 90% Percentage of residential propane usage used for space heating [2] 32% 32% Percentage of residential wood usage used for space heating** 100% 100% Reduced propane usage from space heating (gallons) 34,965 139,859 Reduced wood usage from space heating (MMBtu) 7,045 28,182 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
Wood emissions factor (MTCO2e/MMBtu) 0.00996 0.00996
GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 926 2,246 GHG emissions reductions from wood (MTCO2e) 70 281
GHG reductions from residential time-of-replacement electrification (MTCO2e) 996 2,527 Additional residential electricity use and emissions
Assumed average efficiency of propane heating [6] 80% 80% Assumed average efficiency of wood heating [7] 71% 71%
Assumed average efficiency of electric heating [8] 300% 300% MWh per gallon propane conversion 0.0280 0.0280
MWh per MMBtu wood conversion 0.2931 0.2931
Total propane use reduced from electrification (gallons) 163,898 397,725 Total PG&E electricity needed to offset propane (MWh) 1,223 2,969 Total wood use reduced from electrification (MMBtu) 7,045 28,182 Total PG&E electricity needed to offset wood (MWh) 489 1,955 Total additional PG&E electricity needed (MWh) 1,712 4,924 PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 Additional GHG emissions from residential electricity use (MTCO2e) 89 0 Existing energy use in commercial buildings 2018 2030 2045 Existing commercial propane usage (gallons) 9,736 9,736 9,736 Percentage of businesses with replaced propane water heating [1]* 45% 90% Percentage of commercial propane usage used for water heating [9] 32% 32% Reduced propane usage from water heating (gallons) 1,402 2,804 Percentage of businesses with replaced propane space heating [3 4 5]* 23% 90% Percentage of commercial propane usage used for space heating [9] 36% 36% Reduced propane usage from space heating (gallons) 789 3,154 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 12 34
GHG reductions from commercial time-of-replacement electrification (MTCO2e) 12 34 Additional commercial electricity use and emissions
Assumed average efficiency of propane heating [6] 80% 80% Assumed average efficiency of electric heating [8] 300% 300% MWh per gallon propane conversion 0.0280 0.0280
Total propane use reduced from electrification (gallons) 2,191 5,958 Total PG&E electricity needed to offset propane (MWh)*** 14.46 39.32 Total CPPA electricity needed to offset propane (MWh)*** 1.89 5.15 PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0 GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 1 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0 0 Additional GHG emissions from commercial electricity use (MTCO2e) 1 0 GHG Reductions from EB-3: Implement an Electrification Time-of-Replacement Ordinance (MTCO2e) 919 2,560 Sources:
***Commercial electricity apportioned between utilities using forecasted electricity consumption *Accounts for an assumed non-compliance rate of 10%
[6] https://www.aceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreports/a1803.pdf [7] https://19january2021snapshot.epa.gov/burnwise/frequent-questions-about-wood-burning-appliances_.html [8] U.S. DOE. 2023. Air Source Heat Pumps. Available: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/air-source-heat-pumps [9] California Commercial End-Use Survey. 2006. https://planning.lacity.org/eir/CrossroadsHwd/deir/files/references/C19.pdf **Assumes that residential wood is used soley for space heating [1] https://www.lowes.com/n/how-to/when-to-replace-a-water-heater [2] https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-08/CEC-200-2021-005-PO.pdf [3] https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/EUL_FOR_CNA_E_TOOL.PDF [4] https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/published/Final_decision/11474-13.htm [5] https://www.caetrm.com/measure/SWHC031/03/#life-cycle NC-1: Implement Reach Codes
Pursue reach codes and green building standards that go beyond Title 24. 2018 2024 2030 2045 New energy use in residential buildings
Forecast residential electricity usage (MWh) 13,993 14,342 14,690 15,109 Forecast residential propane usage (gallons) 485,623 497,728 509,832 524,349 Forecast residential wood usage (MMBtu) 31,313 32,094 32,874 33,810 New residential electricity usage starting in 2025 (MWh) 349 767 New residential propane usage starting in 2025 (gallons) 12,105 26,622 New residential wood usage starting in 2025 (MMBtu) 781 1,717 Percent efficiency improvement for new residential construction [1] 53% 53% Reduced electricity usage (MWh) 185 407
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 6,416 14,109
Reduced wood usage (MMBtu) 414 910
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
Wood emissions factor (MTCO2e/MMBtu) 0.00996 0.00996
GHG emissions reductions from electricity (MTCO2e) 10 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 36 80
GHG emissions reductions from wood (MTCO2e) 4 9
GHG reductions from residential reach codes (MTCO2e) 50 89 New energy use in commercial buildings 2018 2024 2030 2045 Forecast commercial PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 11,205 11,595 11,985 12,959 Forecast commercial CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 1,467 1,518 1,569 1,697 Forecast commercial propane usage (gallons) 9,736 10,075 10,413 11,260 New commercial PG&E electricity usage starting in 2025 (MWh) 390 1,365 New commercial CPPA electricity usage starting in 2025 (MWh) 51 179 New commercial propane usage starting in 2025 (gallons) 339 1,186 Percent efficiency improvement for new commercial construction [2] 30% 30% Reduced PG&E electricity usage (MWh) 207 723
Reduced CPPA electricity usage (MWh) 27 95
Reduced propane usage (gallons) 180 628
PG&E electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.05170 0 CPPA electricity emissions factor (MTCO2e/MWh) 0.00000 0 Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from PG&E electricity (MTCO2e) 11 0 GHG emissions reductions from CPPA electricity (MTCO2e) 0 0 GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 1 4
GHG reductions from commercial reach codes (MTCO2e) 12 4 GHG Reductions from NC-1: Implement Reach Codes (MTCO2e) 62 92 Sources:
[1] https://energycodeace.com/download/35132/file_path/fieldList/Whats%20New.2019%20Residential%20Code.pdf [2] https://energycodeace.com/download/35133/file_path/fieldList/Whats%20New.2019%20Nonresidential%20Code NC-2: Incentivize ZNE New Construction
Incentivize new residential and nonresidential buildings to be built all-electric and install renewable energy generation and energy storage systems that can fully offset energy needs. 2018 2024 2030 2045
New non-electricity energy use in residential buildings Forecast residential propane usage (gallons) (after NC-1) 485,623 497,728 503,417 510,240 Forecast residential wood usage (MMBtu) (after NC-1) 31,313 32,094 32,460 32,900 New residential propane usage starting in 2025 (gallons) 5,689 12,512 New residential wood usage starting in 2025 (MMBtu) 367 807 Target percent new residential construction that is ZNE* 5% 15% Reduced propane usage (gallons) 284 1,877
Reduced wood usage (MMBtu) 18 121
Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
Wood emissions factor (MTCO2e/MMBtu) 0.00996 0.00996
GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 2 11
GHG emissions reductions from wood (MTCO2e) 0 1
GHG reductions from new residential ZNE buildings (MTCO2e) 2 12 New non-electricity energy use in commercial buildings 2018 2024 2030 2045 Forecast commercial propane usage (gallons) (after NC-1) 9,736 10,075 10,234 10,632 New commercial propane usage starting in 2025 (gallons) 159 557 Target percent new commercial construction that is ZNE* 5% 15% Reduced propane usage (gallons) 8 84
Propane emissions factor (MTCO2e/gal) 0.00565 0.00565
GHG emissions reductions from propane (MTCO2e) 0 0
GHG reductions from new commercial ZNE buildings (MTCO2e) 0 0 GHG Reductions from NC-2: Incentivize ZNE New Construction (MTCO2e) 2 12 Sources:
*Suggested target percent new construction that is ZNE for City's consideration Measure TR-1:

Source
Total registered vehicles in Angels Camp (2018) 4,970 https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/uploads/2020/09/MotorVehicleFuelTypes_City_01012020.pdf Registered EVs in Angels Camp (2018) 33 https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/uploads/2020/09/MotorVehicleFuelTypes_City_01012020.pdf 2018 population 3,897 Population provided by SBE
Cars per capita 1.28
EV cars per public EV charger 20 In line with leading EV cities in California (Cupertino, San Francisco, LA) EV chargers in Angel Camp 3 https://www.plugshare.com/directory/us/california Population Scaling factor 0.086150105
Inputs 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Percentage of passenger vehicles that are electric (%) 10.0% 30.0% 30.0% 50.0% 75.0% *Suggested EV goals for city's consideration Percentage of commercial vehicles that are electric (%) 5.0% 30.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% *Suggested EV goals for city's consideration Baseline EV adoption from EMFAC 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Passenger EV (%) 3.56% 5.99% 7.77% 8.78% 9.31% ** From EMFAC2021 Analysis Commercial EV (%) 0.34% 3.96% 12.40% 21.77% 29.12% ** From EMFAC2021 Analysis Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Passenger VMT after mode shift to active transit (miles) 31,426,746 31,751,903 29,411,945 29,592,804 29,644,170 ** Assume reductions from active transportation and public transit happen first Passenger EF (MT CO2e/VMT) 0.0003409 0.0003049 0.0002798 0.0002695 0.0002579 ** From EMFAC2021 Analysis EV adoption beyond baseline 6.4% 24.0% 22.2% 41.2% 65.7% Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 690 2,324 1,829 3,287 5,021
Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Commercial VMT after mod shift to active transit (miles) 4,559,915 3,965,310 3,634,041 3,491,095 3,485,958 On-road EF (MT CO2e/VMT) 0.00100 0.00099 0.00092 0.00086 0.00079 ** From EMFAC2021 Analysis EV adoption beyond baseline 4.7% 26.0% 12.6% 8.2% 5.9%
Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 213 1,019 420 246 162
Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Population 3,957 4,042 4,104 4,138 4,157
Total estimated registered vehicles 5,047 5,155 5,234 5,277 5,302 Additional registered EVs 325 1,238 1,164 2,175 3,483
Additional public EV chargers needed to support EV goal 16 62 58 109 174 Measure TR-2: Decarbonize the City municipal fleet
Inputs 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Percentage reduction in municipal fleet emissions (%) 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0% *Suggested municipal fleet goals for city's consideration Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Municipal Fleet Emissions (MT CO2e) 210 210 210 210 210 *Emissions pulled from the City's 2018 GHG Inventory Report and are assumed constant through 2045 Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 42 84 126 168 210 **To be applied to municipal inventory only to avoid double counting (the commuter VMT is already accounted for in the community inventory and Measure TR-1) Measure TR-3: Increase active transportation mode share within the City 2% by 2030.

Source
Existing bicycle mode share (2018) 0.0% https://data.census.gov/table?t=Commuting&g=160XX00US0602112&tid=ACSST5Y2018.S0801 Existing walk mode share (2018) 3.5% https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Commuting&g=1600000US0602113 Average bike trip length (miles) 1.5 Caltrans California Household Travel Survey (2013)/CARB Bike Path Reductions Technical Documentation (2019) Average walking trip length (miles) 0.3 https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/auction-proceeds/pedestrian_facilities_technical_041519.pdf Inputs 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Total Active Mode Share Goal 4.0% 5.5% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% *Suggested active mode share goals for city's consideration Bicycle mode share target 0.5% 2.0% 4.5% 6.5% 8.5% *Suggested active mode share gaols for city's consideration Walk mode share target 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% ** Assume walking mode share won't get much higher Passenger trips/mile 0.1177 0.1152 0.1148 0.1156 0.1159 ** From EMFAC2017 Analysis Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Bike mode share increase from baseline 1% 2% 5% 7% 9%
Walk mode share increase from baseline 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Passenger VMT 31,669,927 33,187,377 34,441,491 35,507,282 36,435,264 *Total Passenger VMT, including VMT from EVs Passenger trips 3,726,966 3,821,796 3,954,378 4,105,891 4,223,076 New bike trips substituted for vehicle trips 18,634.83 76,435.91 177,946.99 266,882.93 358,961.49 New walk trips substituted for vehicle trips - - - - -
Passenger VMT reduced with bike trips (Miles) 27,952 114,654 266,920 400,324 538,442 Passenger VMT reduced with walk trips (Miles) - - - - - Total VMT reduced with bike and walk trips (miles) 27,952 114,654 266,920 400,324 538,442 Passenger EF (MT CO2e/VMT) 0.000341 0.000305 0.000280 0.000269 0.000258 ** From EMFAC2021 Analysis Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 10 35 75 108 139
% reduction in passenger VMT from Measure 0.1% 0% 1% 1% 1% Measure TR-4: Increase public transit mode share to 10% by 2030.

Increase electric vehicle (EV)/zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 30% for passenger vehicles and 30% for commercial vehicles within the City by 2030.

Inputs and Assumptions
Calculations
Passenger EV
Commercial EV
EV Charger Count Calculations
Inputs and Assumptions
Inputs and Assumptions
Calculations
Calculations
Source
Existing public transit mode share (2018) 7.6% https://data.census.gov/table?t=Commuting&g=160XX00US0602112&tid=ACSST5Y2018.S0801 Average bike trip length (miles) 14.5 Used average of commuter bus length (25.1 miles) and regular bus length (3.8 miles): https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/Resources/resources/statistics/Documents/FactBook/2018-APTA-Fact-Book.pdf Inputs 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Public transit mode share target (%) 8% 10% 16% 17% 18% *Suggested active mode share gaols for city's consideration Passenger trips/mile 0.1177 0.1152 0.1148 0.1156 0.1159 ** From EMFAC2021 Analysis Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Public transit mode share increase from baseline 0% 2% 8% 9% 10% Passenger VMT 31,641,974 33,072,723 34,174,570 35,106,958 35,896,821 *Total Passenger VMT, including VMT from Evs minus VMT reduced from active transportation measure Passenger trips 3,723,676 3,808,592 3,923,731 4,059,600 4,160,667 New bike trips substituted for vehicle trips 14,894.71 91,406.21 329,593.43 381,602.37 432,709.42 Passenger VMT reduced with bike trips (Miles) 215,228 1,320,820 4,762,625 5,514,154 6,252,651 Passenger EF (MT CO2e/VMT) 0.000341 0.000305 0.000280 0.000269 0.000258 ** From EMFAC2021 Analysis Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 73 403 1,332 1,486 1,612
% reduction in passenger VMT from Measure 0.7% 4.0% 13.8% 15.5% 17.2% Measure TR-5: Decarbonize 25% of the off-road equipment and vehicles in the City by 2030.

Source
Inputs 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Percent decarbonized (%) 15% 25% 40% 50% 60% *Suggested off-road decarbonization for city's consideration Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
ABAU Off-road and boating emissions 848 988
Total Reductions (MT CO2e) - 212 - - 593
Measure TR-6: Partner with the County to develop a tourism economy to help fund the decarbonization of the transportation sector.

Not quantifiable (supportive of Measures TR-1 through TR-5) Measure TR-7:

Not quantifiable (supportive of Measures TR-1 through TR-5) Measure TR-8:

Not quantifiable (supportive of Measures TR-1 through TR-5) Measure TR-9:

Not quantifiable (supportive of Measures TR-1 through TR-5) Measure TR-10:

Not quantifiable (supportive of Measures TR-1 through TR-5) TR Measures Summary
Year 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
ABAU Transporation Emissions (MT CO2e) 14,881 13,136
Total Reductions (MT CO2e) 3,993 7,527
Emissions After Reductions (MT CO2e) 10,887 5,609
Partner with the Rural County Representatives of California (RCRC) to establish Calaveras County and Angels Camp as a pilot program for the decarbonization of the transportation sector in rural communities.

Partner with the County, local utilities, and state agencies to develop a biofuel industry to fund the decarbonization of the transportation sector.

Establish Angeles Camp and Calaveras County as a pilot program for a rural carbon-free transportation system through State investment and grants such as California Climate Investments.

Work with the County to secure federal funding from the Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Discretionary Grant Program to decarbonize the transportation sector.

Inputs and Assumptions
Calculations
Inputs and Assumptions
Calculations
SW1. Organic Waste Diversion
Reduction Measure SW1:

The City will coordinate with government-funded and
privately sponsored recycling and composting programs to divert 50 percent of food and green yard waste from landfills and reduce short-lived climate pollutants in accordance with Senate Bill (SB) 1383.

Default Assumptions Methane Recovery Factor: 75%
Oxidation Rate 10%
US Protocol Equation SW4.1 Methane Emissions:

Data Inputs
Applicable Measure Data Needed Input Source of Data Capture Rate 2030 2035 2045 EF
BAU Tons of Waste (Total tons) 3,694 3,882 4,116
BAU Emissions (Total disposal) 1,048 1,065 1,078
BAU Methane Recovery Rate 0.62 0.62 0.62
Conservatively Revised to Clear
Path Efs
BAU Oxidation Rate 0.10 0.10 0.10
% of Waste Attributable to Food waste 18% 18% 18% 0.06 (MT CH4/wet short ton) 0.60 % of Waste Attributable to Grass 1% 1% 1% 0.02 (MT CH4/wet short ton) 0.50 % of Waste Attributable to Leaves 3% 3% 3% 0.03 (MT CH4/wet short ton) 0.58 % of Waste Attributable to Branches 3% 3% 3% 0.06 (MT CH4/wet short ton) 0.59 Food Waste Emissions 439 462 489 0.05
Grass Emissions 35 36 39
Leaves Emissions 68 72 76
Branches Emissions 75 79 84
Total Organics CO2 Emissions 618 649 688
% Diverted 75% 75% 75%
Measure Impact
2030 2035 2045
Solid Waste Reduction (Tons) 695.48 730.82 774.93
% Waste Reduction 19% 19% 19%
Total Emissions Reduction (MT CO2e) (463) (487) (516)
BAU Waste Composition
CH4 emissions = GWP*(1-Recovery Factor)*(1-Oxidation Rate)*Total Mass*Sum(Mass SW2. Divert from Forward to Rock Creek Landfill
Reduction Measure SW2:

The City will divert an additional 5
percent of total City solid waste disposal
from Forward Landfill to Rock Creek
Landfill.

Default Assumptions Distance to Forward Landfill (Miles) 55 Distance to Rock Creek Landfill (Miles) 32
Data Inputs
Applicable Measure Data Needed Input Source of Data
2030 2035 2045 EF
Forward Landfill Disposal (tons) 900 914 926 Assumes reduction from SW1 Rock Creek Landfill Disposal (tons) 2,099 2,238 2,416 Assumes reduction from SW1 Transport EF 0.00014 0.00014 0.00014 MT CO2e/ton/mile
Reduction in Miles for Rock Creek 23.00 23.00 23.00
% Diverted 5% 5% 5%
Waste Diverted 45 46 46
Miles for Diverted Waste 2,070 2,102 2,129 Assume 2-way trip Measure Impact
2030 2035 2045
Diverted Miles 2,070 2,102 2,129
Total Emissions Reduction (MT CO2e) (0.29) (0.29) (0.30) Waste Diversion
WW1. Wastewater Treatment Plant Energy Efficiency
Reduction Measure WW1
The City will reduce energy demand per gallon treated at City-operated water and wastewater treatment facilities by 5 percent by 2030.

BAU Information 2030 2035 2045
BAU Wastewater Energy Use 1,469,793 1,492,410 1,511,644 BAU Wastewater Treatmeant Energy Emissions 6.61 6.72 6.80 Data Input:

Year Energy Use Reduction
2030 5%
2035 5.00%
2045 5%
Measure Impact:
2030 2035 2045
Energy Savings (kwh) 73,489.66 74,620.51 10,284,133.62
Reduced GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) (0.33) (0.34) (0.34)
Reduction Target
WW2. Use of Reclaimed (Non-Potable) Water
Reduciton Measure WW-2
The City will expand use of reclaimed (nonpotable) water to serve the 106 acres of landscaping at the City's WWTP.

BAU Information 2018 2030 2035 2045
BAU Potable Water Use 321,800,000 337,842,477 360,142,560 388,862,423 BAU Potable Water Energy 197,600 207,451 210,643 213,358 BAU Emissions 6.53 6.85 6.96 7.05
Data Input:

Input Unit
Acres to Use Reclaimed Water 106 Acre
Convert to SF 4,617,360 SF
ETAF 0.45
Per CCR Title 23, Division 2,
Chapter 2.7
Plant Factor 0.8 Assume General Turf grass
Conversion Factor 0.623
Water Demand 1,035,582 Gallons
Source for Water Demand:

Measure Impact:

All Years
Potable Water Savings Compared to Existing 0.3%
Reduced GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) (0.02)
y , g g /
SLIDE to Estimate Landscape Water Requirements"
https://ucanr.edu/sites/UrbanHort/Water_Use_of_Turfgrass_and_Landscape_Plant_Materials/SLI DE__Simplified_Irrigation_Demand_Estimation/
WW3. Use of Reclaimed (Non-Potable) Water
Reduciton Measure WW-3
Data Inputs
Applicable Measure Data Needed Input Source of Data Notes 2030 2035 2045
BAU Emissions 48.56 49.30 49.94
Emissions Attributable to Households 38.8452679 39.44116174 39.95292939 Assumes Default ClearPath Commercial/Industrial Multiplier Housing 1724 1750 1773
New Housing 82 108 131
% of New population using grey water 50% 50% 50%
% of old population served by greywater 24% 24% 24%
Proportion of household water used for gray water 50% 50% 50% US DOE 60% is maximum Measure Impact
Reduction in wastewater treatment
2030 2035 2045
WSW-3 (new) 1% 2% 2%
WSW-3 (retrofit)) 11% 11% 11%
Total Wastewater Treatment Reducti 13% 13% 13%
Total Emissions Reduction (4.90) (5.05) (5.18)
Total Reduction % From all Water -10% -10% -10%
WSW-3
The City will work with local/regional agencies to create incentives and rebates for greywater systems to achieve retrofits for 10 percent of existing homes, and grey water systems in 50 percent of new homes. This quantifiable portion used to calculate County-wide goal, which may also be achieve with use of recyled water on public or agricultural lands.

WW4. Low Water Use Fixtures
WW-4: Require Low-Flow Water
Fixtures
Default Assumptions No change in water efficiency requirements between 2019 and 2022 CalGreen. Assumes 2019 is BAU.

Data Inputs
Applicable Measure Data Needed Input Source of DNotes
2030 2035 2045
BAU Emissions 6.85 6.96 7.05
WW-4 % Reduction in Water Demand 5% 5% 5%
Measure Impact
Reduction in wastewater treatment
2030 2035 2045
Total Emissions Reduction (0.34) (0.35) (0.35)
.

The City will adopt a reach code to exceed state-level requirements by 5 percent for the installation of water-conserving appliances in all new residential and non-residential buildings, and the City will require design plans of new development projects to include water-saving features.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Utica Park Update - 1
DATE: December 5, 2023
TO: City of Angels City Council
FROM: Amy Augustine, AICP – City Planner
RE: Rural Recreation and Tourism Program - Utica Park Lightner Mine Expansion Project Update RECOMMENDATION:

Acknowledge and accept updates.

STRATEGIC PLAN ALIGNMENT:

A4: Economic Development: Promote a wide variety of economic opportunities consistent with the city's social, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources. The proposed Rural Recreation and Tourism grant park project is intended to increase tourism through park enhancements including a stage, historical (cultural) interpretation trail, and improved pavilion for outdoor events. A new children’s playground, adult/teen exercise equipment, bocce courts, hardcourts, improved pavilion and stage are intended to encourage social interactions with local theatre productions, local musical performances, movies in the park and enhanced outdoor spaces for other local events.

A5: Economic Development: Maintain and enhance the city's economic vitality while conserving the city's social, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources. See above.

B2 Community Identity: Design new development to be compatible with the natural, scenic, and cultural resources and rural character of Angels Camp. The Community Stakeholders Design Committee will assist with park design to ensure compatibility with cultural resources and rural character.

C7: Public Facilities and Services: Maintain or increase the levels of service currently available within Angels Camp for park facilities and infrastructure. The project will increase the size of Utica Park by 3.8± acres, add or improve numerous park amenities, and upgrade and expand infrastructure increasing the level of park facilities available to all age groups and ability levels for residents and visitors.

BACKGROUND:

Consistent with direction from the City Council, attached is an update on the above-captioned project through November 21, 2023.
• The second Community Stakeholders Design Committee was held 11/15/23 at noon (see attached sign-in sheet).

Two similar draft playground layouts were presented. One included a “traditional” molded plastic play structure for younger children and a rope-based play structure for older children. The second option included rope-based play structures for both age groups. Based on committee input, Option one (a blend of the traditional and “ropebased” structures) was unanimously selected by the committee. A subcommittee of five was formed to finalize details of the children’s playground (e.g., colors, panel contents). The refined design will return to the full committee after subcommittee review. The primary discussion points remaining are playground surfacing and the addition of more swings. Rubberized surfacing will occur on those portions of the playground to ensure ADA accessibility. Given the high cost of that type of surfacing for the relatively large size of the proposed playground (6,500 ± square feet), a determination of the appropriate and cost-effective surfacing for the remainder of the playground (without significantly reducing play equipment) will be undertaken. The next meeting will be held the second Wednesday of the month, December 13, 2023, at noon (not the regular third Wednesday) due to the 6D

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Utica Park Update - 2
holidays. Outdoor adult exercise equipment will be evaluated at that meeting. Meetings are held in-person at 1404 Vallecito Road (Fire Station) and are accessible online (See agendas distributed through the park update page on the website, posted at the post office, or provided in e-mail blasts to those that have signed up for notifications for online log-in information).
• The park’s Constant Contact e-mail notification database created for persons interested in park updates, newsletters, status reports includes 150 individuals. Please send an e-mail to [email protected] with a subject line “Utica Park” to receive notifications.
• Parties interested in sponsoring a memorial tree or memorial bench are encouraged to submit their name to [email protected]. Signing up does not commit individuals to a purchase. Interested persons will be notified once costs are determined.
• GeoCon was hired as the geotechnical engineering firm to evaluate the site. A site visit occurred on 10/23/23. A draft phase one recommendation study was received October 30, 2023. Next steps will require drilling to determine the configuration of mine shafts for potential capping and to confirm the construction capabilities of the area. GeoCon has been contracted to commence that work to cost $30,670.00. After completion, GeoCon anticipates preparing an engineered design to close the shafts on site. Closures would occur with the addition of cement “plugs” installed during regular park construction and monitored by GeoCon. • The next meeting of the interpretive sign subcommittee meeting will be held November 28, 2023, to review draft text for signage. Committee members are Judith Marvin (historian), Tad Folendorf (historian), James G.

Respess, Ph.D. (graphic design), Amy Augustine, Rebecca Callen. Outreach to other local historians is ongoing.

At present, interpretive signs are proposed to include Master overview of mining (Mother Lode Belt, locating mines in Angels Camp, line drawing of a standard mill), Utica Hoist footings, Lightner hoist, Lightner ore bins, mining people, mining nationalities represented in Angels Camp, Angels Camp history overview. QR codes are also proposed for various locations and on interpretive signs to provide additional information (e.g., Utica Shaft).

Initial sign design and content will be presented to the Community Stakeholders Design Committee at a future meeting.
• Staff has contacted Timbercraft (local) for a cost estimate to construct park benches from the walnut trees removed from the park.

ATTACHMENTS:

A. Budget
B. Anticipated timeline
C. Community Stakeholders Design Committee 11/15/23 Agenda, sign-in sheet D. Current DRAFT playground design
City of Angels
Utica Park Lightner Mine Budget
Budgeted Revenue Total %
Rural Recreation and Tourism Grant (CA Dpt. of Parks and Recreation) $ 3,000,000 State Funding 3,177,952 80% State Per Capita (Children's Playground) 177,952 Federal Funding 597,430 15% Community Development Block Grant (Bathrooms) 167,000 Local/City Funding 195,000 5% Community Development Block Grant (Generator) 30,430
ARPA appropriation (Gap Funding) 400,000
Angels Camp Community Club (Children's Playground) 135,000 General Fund allocation for second stall) 60,000
Total Revenue $ 3,970,382
Expenditures Budgeted Actual
Purchase 3.2 acres (Escrow Fees & Title) $ 325,071 $ 325,071 Phase 1 (Hazardous Materials) 3.2 acres (Nelson Environmental) 2,500 2,500 Appraisal (Schuller Appraisals) 2,500 2,500
Design and Construction (Boyer Construction) 2,275,000 21,345 Geotechnical Engineer Preliminary Report (Geocon) 4,900 4,900 Geotechnical Engineer Phase II (Geocon) 30,670 -
Arborists Report (California Tree & Landscape Consulting) 2,180 2,180 San Joaquin County Office of Education Greater Valley Conservation Center 171,622 171,622 Peffer's Tree Servicer, LLC (Tree trimming) 7,000 7,000 Playground Equipment (SPEC) 460,000 -
Bathrooms (T&S West) 309,000 118,370
Generator (Pioneer Electric) 30,430 30,430
Total Expense $ 3,620,873 $ 685,917
Remaining $ 349,509 $ 3,284,465
Please note ARPA funds are designated for project overruns Utica Park Timeline
Task Aug‐22 Sep‐22 Oct‐22 Nov‐22 Dec‐22 Jan‐23 Feb‐23 Mar‐23 Apr‐23 May‐23 Jun‐23 Jul‐23 Aug‐23 Sep‐23 Oct‐23 Nov‐23 Dec‐23 Jan‐24 Sign Grant Contract with State
Purchase Property
Appraisal
Phase 1
Open/Close Escrow
Site Preparation
Contract with Conservation Corps
Vegetation Removal Weather Delays
Project Signage
Hire Contractors
RFP/Select/Contract ‐ Playground ‐ SPEC
P/Select/Contract ‐ Bathrooms ‐ J&S West
ect/Contract‐Design and Construct‐Boyer
Preliminary Design
Geotechnical Study Determinations Geotech unavailable Critical Path Design Team ‐ Preliminary Design
Form Stakeholders Committee
Draft Design Playground
Stakeholders Review Playground
Draft Design Playground+
Stakeholders Review Playground+
Draft Design Remaining Park
Stakeholders Review Remaining Park
Final Design
Construction ‐ Boyer
Site work
Structures
Complete and Commission
Closeout
Grant DeadlinesRural Recreation and Tourism (park) 6/30/2028 Community Developmet Block Grant (bat 24‐Nov
Per Capita Grant (Playground) 6/30/2024
Community Club (Playground) ASAP
Feb‐24 Mar‐24 Apr‐24 May‐24 Jun‐24 Jul‐24 Aug‐24 Sep‐24 Oct‐24 Nov‐24 Dec‐24 Jan‐25 Feb‐25 Mar‐25 Apr‐25 May‐25 Jun‐25 Jul‐25 Aug‐25 Sep‐25 Oct‐25 Playground
24‐Nov
6/30/2024
Nov‐25 Dec‐25 Jan‐26 28‐Jun

Online par�cipants
Option 1 www.specplay.com
[email protected]
800.475.1071
Option 1 www.specplay.com
[email protected]
800.475.1071
Option 1 www.specplay.com
[email protected]
800.475.1071
Option 1 www.specplay.com
[email protected]
800.475.1071
Option 1 www.specplay.com
[email protected]
800.475.1071
Option 1 www.specplay.com
[email protected]
800.475.1071
8 16
16 24
32 40
48 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346

HOME OF THE JUMPING FROG
DATE: December 5, 2023
TO: City Council
FROM: Amy Augustine, AICP - Contract City Planner
RE: Resolution 23-86 Authorizing the Purchase of Assessor’s Parcels 060-018-003 and 060-018- 004 totaling 2.99± acres adjacent to 584 South Main Street (former City Hall)

RECOMMENDATION
Approve Resolution 23-86 to purchase APNs 060-018-003 and 060-018-004 for a future community resilience center and city hall expansion with the contingencies identified.

STRATEGIC PLAN CONSISTENCY
A8 Public Safety. Prepare city staff, agencies, and citizens to respond in a coordinated and cooperative manner to emergency situations
The community resilience center would operate as an incident command center during emergencies and provide food, temporary shelter and recovery services during recovery.

C4 Public Facilities and Services. Maintain or increase the levels of service currently available within Angels Camp for public works facilities and infrastructure including roads, sidewalks, drainage facilities, public buildings, and other public facilities
The Community Resilience Center is part of an overall plan to provide adequate facilities for public works, police, fire, and City Hall, in addition to providing meeting space for the public, seniors and other target populations.

BACKGROUND
The City Council passed resolution 23-69 on September 5, 2023, authorizing the city administrator or designee to apply for, accept, and execute all documents associated with a grant to the California Strategic Growth Council’s community resilience centers program Round 1 project development grant for the Angels Camp Resilience Center (ACRC). The ACRC would be constructed on the two parcels adjacent to the former City Hall located at 584 South Main Street. The subject properties are identified in Figure 1.

The subject parcels were identified in a facilities evaluation study prepared by the city as a priority for acquisition to expand City Hall at 584 South Main Street if City Hall were not to remain at its current location at 200 Monte Verda Street.
6E

HOME OF THE JUMPING FROG
As shown, the parcels are immediately adjacent to 584 South Main. The Community Resilience Center grant application identifies the following uses for the properties:

Construction-ready design plans produced through workplan tasks to incorporate:
• Senior center - Seniors (Common Ground). Year-round services facilitating socializing, meal service, and senior transportation. Key tasks: CSS meetings, design workshops targeting priority populations.
• Commercial kitchen - Food Insecure (Common Ground). Serving food insecure seniors on-site and through meals-on-wheels. Center and kitchen will be available for Figure 1: Parcel Locations
City Hall

HOME OF THE JUMPING FROG
sheltering and food during emergencies. Key tasks: CSS meetings, design workshops targeting priority populations.
• Silver Streak Senior Transportation, New Transit Stop - Transportation Access challenged. The service will operate from the CRC plus a new a new transit stop.

Outreach will identify other alternatives and incorporate connections to city-planned active transportation trails and park facilities assisting those with chronic high blood pressure and diabetes conditions. Key tasks: CSS committee meetings including Calaveras Council of Governments (RTPA), health providers, addition of Blue Zones; design workshops targeting priority populations.
• Sierra Hope Food Pantry and Offices - Food insecure, Unhoused. Sierra Hope will provide an on-site food pantry. Unhoused will be served by the agency’s transitional, supportive, and emergency housing services and programs. Key tasks: CSS meetings, design workshop priority populations including seniors and food pantry users.

• Mother Lode Job Training Classroom/Curriculum - Unemployed/Low Income. Job training targeting disadvantaged communities implementing the City’s GHG Plan. Key tasks: CSS meetings with MLJT, Columbia College, Yosemite Clean Energy, and CalWaste.
• MLJT Economic Development, Sustainable Tourism Office – Unemployed/Low income. MLJT and other partners identified through CSS committees and design workshops will enhance community resilience through economic development by marketing the city as a sustainable tourism destination. • Emergency Response Center - Wildfire Risk, Emergency Response. CSS technical advisory committee will guide facility design and program scope for operations/incident command center, pre-disaster education, and support for post-disaster recovery.

At its October 3, 2023, meeting, the City Council, in closed session, discussed the land purchase and directed staff to make an offer on the subject property for the purchase price of $440,000 contingent upon an appraisal, preparing a Phase 1 Environmental Hazard assessment, a geotechnical evaluation, and receipt of a community resilience center grant.

The appraisal was prepared at a cost of $800 and determined the appraised value to be $435,000. In response, the purchase offer was amended to $435,000 and accepted by the sellers with the same contingencies. In addition, the landowners have requested that the sale reserve mineral rights to the original owners. Prior to closing, an official resolution from the City Council is required.

The City Engineer and Public Works superintendent have visited the site and identified no issues that would preclude the uses identified subject to the contingencies stated.

HOME OF THE JUMPING FROG
The site currently carries a general plan land use designation and zoning of Community Commercial (CC). A general plan amendment and rezoning to Public (P) would occur in the future following close of escrow, with approval from the City Council.

FISCAL IMPACT
Funding in the approved budget earmarked for renovating City Hall $250,000 would be used in conjunction with an additional $190,000 from the Community Resilience Center grant, if received, to purchase the parcels. An additional $707,900 would come from the Community Resilience Center Grant ($897,900 total) to pay for geotechnical and phase I studies, design and additional community outreach for the Community Resilience Center. Funding from additional rounds would be pursued for construction.

ATTACHMENT:

A. Resolution 23-86
B. Purchase and Sale Agreement

CITY OF ANGELS

CITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION NO. 23-86

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ANGELS CAMP TO

APPROVE A PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT FOR PARCELS LOCATED

ADJACENT TO OLD CITY HALL, CONTINGENT ON THE CITY SECURING GRANT

FUNDING AND AUTHORIZING THE CITY ADMINISTRATOR TO EXECUTE THE

AGREEMENT AND TAKE ALL NECESSARY AND PROPER ACTIONS TO

COMPLETE THE TRANSACTION
WHEREAS, on September 5, 2023, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 23- 69, authorizing the City Administrator to apply for, accept, and execute all documents associated with a grant from Round 1 funding from the Strategic Growth Council’s Community Resilience Centers Program; and
WHEREAS, City staff has identified the Community’s needs and determined that the parcels located adjacent to old City Hall would provide the space and opportunity to potentially expand old City Hall to allow for a community center to address community needs; and
WHEREAS, the property owners of the parcels adjacent to old City Hall have contacted the City indicating that they would be willing to sell the property to the City, contingent on the City securing grant funding for the purchase; and WHEREAS, the purchase and sale agreement provides that the City would have to secure grant funding before completing the purchase of the proposed parcels; and WHEREAS, the City now desires to execute the purchase and sale agreement and authorize the City Administrator to take all necessary and proper actions to complete the purchase of the property.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Angels Camp as follows:

1. Approve the Purchase and Sale Agreement, attached hereto as Exhibit A, and incorporated herein by this reference, subject to minor amendments as approved by the City Administrator.

2. Authorize the City Administrator to execute the Agreement.

3. Authorize the City Administrator to take all necessary and proper action to complete the transaction to purchase the property.

PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Angels Camp at a regular meeting thereof held on the 5
th of December 2023, by the following votes:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

_______________________________
Jennifer Herndon, Mayor
ATTEST:
_______________________________
Rose Beristianos, City Clerk

H O M E O F T H E J U M P I N G F R O G
Resolution No. 23-86
{CW134475.1}

PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT WITH ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS
This PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENT WITH ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS (“Agreement”) is entered as of ________________, 2023 (“Effective Date”) by and between Tad Folendorf, Paul Blakely Hansen, and J. Tim Lane (“Seller”) and the City of Angels Camp, a California municipal corporation (“Buyer”). Seller and Buyer may herein be referred to individually as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”. There are no other parties to this Agreement.

RECITALS
A. Seller owns that certain parcel of land located in the County of Calaveras, Assessor Parcel Number 060-018-003, consisting of approximately 1.22 acres, with the physical address _________________________, Angels Camp, CA 95222, and as further described in the legal description attached and incorporated hereto as Exhibit A (“Parcel 1”).

B. Seller also owns that certain parcel of land located in the County of Calaveras, Assessor Parcel Number 60-018-004, consisting of approximately 1.77 acres, with the physical address ________________________, Angels Camp, CA 95222, and as further described in the legal description attached and incorporated hereto as Exhibit B (“Parcel 2”). (Collectively, Parcel 1 and Parcel 2 shall be referred to herein as the “Land”.) C. Buyer seeks to purchase the Land from Seller for municipal purposes and for the potential development of a community resilience center as part of a grant from the Strategic Growth Council’s Community Resilience Center Grant program.

D. Seller acknowledges that purchase of the Land is contingent upon the conditions on Buyer and Seller as described herein, including securing a Round 1 Strategic Growth Council Community Resilience Center Grant.

E. Seller desires to convey the Land to Buyer, and Buyer desires to purchase the Land from Seller, upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.

F. On ___________, 2023, the City Council for the City of Angels Camp adopted Resolution __________, authorizing the City Manager to execute this Agreement, receive the grant deeds for the Land, and take all further necessary and proper action to transfer the Land pursuant to this Agreement.
{CW134475.1}
NOW THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

AGREEMENT

1. Sale of Property. Seller shall convey the Land to Buyer in consideration of the Purchase Price (defined below) to be paid to Seller by Buyer, and in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The transfer shall include all of Seller’s rights, titles and interests in and to all mineral rights, zoning rights, governmental permits and licenses, rights-of-way, roadways, alleyways and reversions, appurtenances, easements, or other rights and privileges used in connection with the beneficial use of, or associated with, the Land (collectively, the “Property”).

2. Purchase Price. The purchase price for the Property shall be not more than Four Hundred Forty Thousand Dollars ($440,000) (“Purchase Price”). The Purchase Price shall be payable at Closing in cash or cashier’s check, or by wire transfer.

3. Escrow Instructions.
(a) Escrow Agent. Promptly after this Agreement has been executed by Seller and Buyer, Buyer shall open an escrow account (the “Escrow”) with ______________________ (“Escrow Agent”) by delivering five (5) fully executed counterpart originals of this Agreement to the Escrow Agent. Escrow Agent shall sign each counterpart and promptly deliver a fully executed counterpart of this Agreement to each Party. The Parties agree to be bound by the Escrow Agent’s standard form or general provisions and shall execute and deliver to the Escrow Agent such other reasonable or customary supplemental instruments as may be required by Escrow Agent in order to consummate the transaction. This Agreement shall control in the event of any inconsistency between this Agreement and the Escrow Agent’s standard form, general provisions or any other documentation provided by the Escrow Agent.
(b) Escrow Deposit. Within seven (7) business days after the Effective Date, Buyer shall deposit with Escrow Agent the sum of __________________ Dollars ($____.__), in cashier’s or certified check (the “Escrow Deposit”). The Escrow Deposit shall be credited at Closing towards the Purchase Price.
(c) Closing Deadline. Conveyance of the Property (the “Close of Escrow” or “Closing”) shall occur no later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of the Inspection Period, or no later than seven (7) days after satisfaction of the Conditions Precedent (defined below), and in any case no later than one hundred eighty (180) days after commencement of this Agreement on the Effective Date (the “Closing Deadline”). The following shall occur on or before the date that is two (2) business days prior to the scheduled date of the Closing:
{CW134475.1}
(i) Seller shall deliver the following into Escrow: (1) the grant deeds for each parcel making up the Property, properly executed and notarized (the “Deeds”); (2) a duly executed certification required by the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act and its California Revenue and Taxation Code equivalent (together, “FIRPTA”); (3) an affidavit on the Escrow Agent’s standard forms so that the Escrow Agent can delete or modify the standard printed exceptions as to parties in possession, unrecorded liens (including statutory materialmen’s liens), and similar matters; (4) an acknowledged closing statement reflecting the Purchase Price and the closing adjustments and prorations contemplated by this Agreement (the “Closing Statement”); and
(ii) Buyer shall deliver the following into Escrow: (1) cash for the balance of the Purchase Price and the other obligations to be paid by Buyer pursuant to this Agreement; and (2) an executed counterpart of the Closing Statement.

Simultaneously with or following the Closing, the Parties will execute such additional documents and perform such other acts as will be reasonably required to carry out the intent and purposes of this Agreement.
(d) Close of Escrow. The following are conditions precedent that must be delivered to Escrow prior to Closing: (i) written notice from both Buyer and Seller that the conditions to Closing hereunder have been satisfied; (ii) all deliverables contemplated by Section 3(c) above; and (iii) the Title Policy (defined below) that Escrow Agent is prepared to issue and deliver to Buyer. Once the above conditions are satisfied, the Escrow Agent shall: (1) record the Deed with the Calaveras County Clerk-Recorder, with the documentary transfer tax shown on a separate paper; (2) deliver the proceeds of the sale to Seller; (3) deliver to Buyer the FIRPTA statement and the proforma Title Policy; (4) pay all costs and expenses as authorized by these instructions and charge each Party's account for such costs and expenses as required by this Agreement; and (5) deliver to each Party the executed Closing Statement and itemized statement of costs charged to each Party’s account. To comply with Internal Revenue Code § 6045(e), Escrow Agent is designated as the “person responsible for closing the transaction” and also as the “reporting person” for purposes of filing any required information or returns with the Internal Revenue Service.

4. Inspection of the Property.
(a) Tests. Buyer and Buyer’s authorized agents, contractors, employees and designees shall have the right, after the Effective Date and until this Agreement is terminated, to go upon the Property for the purpose of making such surveys, soil, engineering, geological, environmental and other tests, inspections and measurements, including Phase 1 Environmental Assessment (the “Tests”) as Buyer deems advisable, provided they are done without cost to Seller {CW134475.1}
and such activities do not unreasonably interfere with Seller. Buyer shall give reasonable written, telephonic or email advance notice to all Seller of any Tests that Buyer or Buyer’s agents will perform. The notice shall specify the nature of the Tests to be performed, the approximate time the Tests will be performed, and the person or entity performing the Tests. Buyer shall repair any damage to the Property caused by Buyer’s inspection activities (not, however, to include any loss or diminution in value arising from any condition discovered by Buyer). (b) Inspection Period. If Buyer, in its sole discretion, for any reason or no reason at all, decides not to proceed with Closing, Buyer shall have the right at any time within ninety (90) days after the Effective Date (the “Inspection Period”) to terminate this Agreement by written notice to Seller. Upon such termination, the Escrow Deposit shall be returned to Buyer and Buyer shall be responsible for any and all Escrow cancellation costs. If terminated, Buyer shall provide Seller with copies of all reports, if any, relating to the Property which Buyer received as a result of the Tests. Buyer makes no warranty or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of these reports.
(c) Property Documents. During the Inspection Period, Seller shall make available to Buyer for Buyer’s inspection, within five (5) business days after Buyer’s request, all documents and information in Seller’s possession or control pertaining to the Property or an interest in the Property, including but not limited to any and all leases, liens, tentative and final maps, surveys, plats, title reports, soil reports, assessment and financing district documentation, environmental studies, and entitlement documents (collectively the “Property Documents”); provided that Seller shall not be obligated to disclose to Buyer any appraisal or opinions of the value of the Property, any of Seller’s internal financial analyses, credit analyses business plans, materials relating to Seller’s cost to acquire the Property, or any documents or communications subject to the attorney/client privilege. Buyer acknowledges that the Property Documents are furnished to Buyer solely as a courtesy and Seller have neither verified the accuracy of any statements or other information contained in those documents, nor the qualifications of the persons preparing such information. Inspection shall be performed at a location agreeable to Seller and Buyer during reasonable business hours. Buyer shall be entitled to copy, at its expense, any of the Property Documents it chooses. If this Agreement is terminated prior to Closing, Buyer shall, upon Seller’s request, promptly return to Seller all Property Documents and all copies of those materials delivered to or obtained by Buyer from Seller.

5. Title.
(a) Permitted Exceptions. At Closing, fee title to the Property is to be conveyed to Buyer free and clear of all liens and encumbrances, excepting only: (a) general and special real property taxes and assessments not yet due and payable; (b) all exceptions to title set forth in the Title Report (defined below), which have been approved by Buyer; (c) any new community facilities district bonds, special taxes, fire assessment districts, and the like for the Property as {CW134475.1}
approved by Buyer during the Inspection Period; and (d) any exceptions to title caused by acts or omissions of Buyer (collectively, the “Permitted Exceptions”). (b) Title Report. Seller, at their sole cost and expense, shall deliver to Buyer a current, preliminary title report for the Land no later than ten (10) business days after the Effective Date, together with legible copies of all documents referenced therein as exceptions to title (the “Title Report”). The Title Report shall be issued by Escrow Agent and dated no earlier than thirty (30) days before the Effective Date.
(c) Objections by Buyer. Within ten (10) business days after its receipt of the Title Report, Buyer shall notify Seller, in writing, of any objection that Buyer has to the title exceptions reflected in the Title Report (the “Buyer Objection Notice”). Buyer’s failure to timely deliver to Seller the Buyer Objection Notice shall be deemed to constitute Buyer’s approval of the Title Report. Seller shall have a period of five (5) business days after receipt of the Buyer Objection Notice in which to deliver written notice to Buyer of Seller’s election to either: (i) agree to remove, at Seller’s sole cost and expense, the objectionable items prior to Closing; or (ii) decline to remove the objectionable items (the “Seller Response Notice”). Seller’s failure to timely deliver to Buyer the Seller Response Notice shall be deemed to constitute Seller’s election not to remove the objectionable items. If Seller elects to remove the objectionable items and, thereafter, fails to do so prior to Closing, then Seller shall be deemed in default under this Agreement. If Seller elects (or is deemed to have elected) not to remove the objectionable items, then Buyer shall have the right, by written notice to Seller (the “Buyer Election Notice”) delivered within seven (7) business days after Buyer’s receipt of the Seller Response Notice (or, if Seller has failed to timely deliver to Buyer the Seller Response Notice, within seven (7) business days after the expiration of said five (5) business day period), to either: (i) immediately terminate this Agreement, in which event Escrow Agent shall release and return the Escrow Deposit to Buyer and this Agreement and all of the rights and obligations of Buyer and Seller shall terminate, except that Buyer and Seller shall share equally the expenses of canceling Escrow; or (ii) waive its objection to the title exceptions in question. Buyer’s failure to timely deliver to Seller the Buyer Election Notice shall be deemed to constitute Buyer’s waiver of its objections to the title exceptions in question. (d) Title Policy. At Closing, the Escrow Agent shall issue to Buyer a standard California Land Title Association (“CLTA”) Policy of Title Insurance, with such endorsements as Buyer may reasonably request, in the amount of the Purchase Price, showing title to the Property vested in Buyer, and containing no exceptions to title other than the Permitted Exceptions (the “Title Policy”).

6. Operations. From the Effective Date through Closing or termination of this Agreement, whichever occurs earlier, Seller shall: (a) maintain the Property in the same condition as presently exists, with the exception of reasonable wear and tear or changes attributable to Buyer; {CW134475.1}
(b) not, without Buyer’s prior written consent (which may be withheld in Buyer’s sole discretion), enter into new, extend, or renew any lease or other contract affecting the Property or enter into any contract or commitment or incur any expenditure or obligation affecting the Property or the title thereto, which would extend beyond the Closing; (c) pay promptly when due all taxes, assessments, utility charges, indebtedness secured by deed of trust or other liens, and, generally, all expenses (including repairs and replacements) incurred by Seller in the operation of the Property; and (d) not, without Buyer's prior written consent (which may be withheld in Buyer’s sole discretion), take or consent to any action which could modify the status of title to, present zoning of, access to, licenses, permits or entitlements to, or assessed valuation of, the Property, or cut or permit the cutting of any trees on the Property. Seller shall promptly notify Buyer, in writing, of any failure by Seller to comply with its obligations under this Section 6.

7. Conditions Precedent to Closing. The following conditions must be met in order for Closing to occur (the “Conditions Precedent”): (a) the Property must be in substantially the same condition at Closing as on the Effective Date, reasonable wear and tear and any damages or changes attributable to Buyer excepted; (b) the Property must be free of any leasehold or possessory interests; (c) the Property must be vacated of any tenants and any other persons and their possessions who may be occupying the Property; (d) all deeds of trust, liens and other charges against the Property not assumed by Buyer must be paid and cancelled by Seller prior to or with funds made available at Closing; (e) except those attributable to Buyer, no uncured material, adverse change to the title to the Property shall have occurred since the Effective Date; (f) neither Seller nor the Property shall be subject to any court judgment or decree or to any litigation or administrative proceeding which would adversely affect the Property in any material respect or which would be binding upon Buyer or its assigns; (g) Seller shall have complied with and otherwise performed, in all material respects, each of its obligations set forth in this Agreement (including, but not limited to, the obligations of Section 6) and each of Seller’s representations and warranties set out in this Agreement shall remain true in all material respects and, as to those representations limited to Seller’s knowledge, the specific fact or condition that was the subject of the representation must also be true; (h) Buyer shall have completed a geotechnical study and Phase 1 Site Assessment that Buyer finds to be satisfactory in its sole discretion; (i) Buyer shall have secured a Round 1 Strategic Growth Council Community Resilience Center Grant.

If any of the Conditions Precedent for which Seller are responsible is not met prior to the Closing Deadline, Buyer shall, in its sole discretion, notify Seller of such in writing, and take one of the following actions: (i) extend the Closing Deadline as long as necessary for Seller to satisfy the applicable Conditions Precedent; (ii) waive the Conditions Precedent and proceed with Closing; or (iii) terminate this Agreement and receive a full refund of the Escrow Deposit, in which event Seller shall be responsible for all expenses of cancelling Escrow. The election of (i) above shall not prohibit a subsequent election of (ii) or (iii) above. {CW134475.1}
If any of the Conditions Precedent for which Buyer is responsible is not met prior to the Closing Deadline, Seller shall, in their sole discretion, notify Buyer of such in writing, and take one of the following actions: (i) extend the Closing Deadline as long as necessary for Buyer to satisfy the applicable Conditions Precedent; (ii) waive the Conditions Precedent and proceed with Closing; or (iii) terminate this Agreement. The election of (i) above shall not prohibit a subsequent election of (ii) or (iii) above.

8. Prorations and Adjustments.
(a) Closing Costs. The following costs related to Closing shall be prorated as follows: (i) Buyer shall pay the fees and charges of the Escrow Agent; (ii) Buyer shall pay documentary and other transfer taxes and shall bear the cost of the Title Policy (standard CLTA coverage), but Buyer shall pay all of any additional premium costs for an ALTA owner’s policy and any other title endorsements requested by Buyer; and (iii) Buyer and Seller shall each pay for their own respective legal, accounting and other consultant fees, charges and costs incurred related to this Agreement. Seller will furnish all documents, releases, and cancellations as necessary in order to discharge all existing liens and encumbrances of record against the Property. Buyer will pay all associated recording costs.
(b) Property Taxes. All current ad valorem taxes and all current general and special taxes and assessments on the Property shall be prorated through Escrow between Buyer and Seller as of the Closing date based upon the latest available tax information and the portion of the taxable year each party has possession of the Property, without regard to any reassessments or subsequent changes. All supplemental taxes (regardless of whether a bill for such taxes is received after the Closing by Buyer or Seller) and future assessments or encumbrances levied by any assessment, maintenance, school district or like entity, attributable to the Property or this sale, shall be prorated on the same basis, as shall special taxes and any assessments under Mello-Roos Community Facilities District and the like now encumbering the Property or proposed to encumber the Property.

9. Possession. At Closing, the right to possession of the Property shall transfer to Buyer. At Closing, Seller shall deliver to Buyer exclusive possession of the Property, free and clear of occupancy by all persons, firms, or corporations, whether or not under claim of right or color of title.

10. Representations and Warranties.
(a) Brokers. Buyer has not contacted or entered into any agreement with any real estate broker, agent, finder, or any other party in connection with this transaction (“Broker”), and nor has Buyer taken any action that would result in any Broker’s or other fees or commissions {CW134475.1}
being due or payable to any other party with respect to this transaction. To the extent that Seller contacted or entered into any agreement with any Broker in connection with this transaction or has taken any action that would result in a commission or fee related to the Property owed to a Broker, the Seller shall be solely liable and responsible for any amount owed to Broker and any expenses incurred by the Buyer in defending against a claim for any Broker with respect to this transaction. The provisions of this paragraph shall survive Closing. (b) Seller’s Representations. Seller makes the following representations and warrantees:
(i) Seller has the right, power, and authority to enter into this Agreement and sell the Property in accordance with these terms; each of the persons executing this Agreement on behalf of Seller is authorized to do so; and this Agreement constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Seller, enforceable in accordance with its terms. (ii) Seller has good and marketable, fee simple title to the Property, free and clear of any and all liens, encumbrances or other restrictions, whether existing of record or otherwise, other than the Permitted Exceptions. Seller has no actual knowledge of any unrecorded or undisclosed legal or equitable interest in the Property owned or claimed by anyone other than Seller.
(iii) There are no pending or, to Seller’s knowledge, threatened condemnations or other legal proceedings against, or affecting title to, any part of the Property. (iv) No contracts, agreements, or options (other than those which have already expired) have been granted to others to purchase or to lease any interest in the Property or any part thereof or which will survive Closing or otherwise impose an obligation on Buyer, and Seller otherwise have the exclusive right of possession to the Property. (v) Seller have not filed, or been the subject of any filing of, any petition under the Federal Bankruptcy Law or any other bankruptcy or insolvency laws which affect the Property.
(vi) Seller has no actual knowledge of any violation of governmental laws, regulations or orders relating to the Property.
(vii) To the best of Seller’s knowledge: (i) the Property is free of Hazardous Materials (defined below); (ii) there has been no storage, generation, disposal, release, discharge or treatment of any Hazardous Materials upon or in the Property; (iii) no radon gas has been detected at the Property; and (iv) the Property has not been the subject of any federal, state {CW134475.1}
or local government action or third party claim because of the release, threat of release, discharge, storage, treatment, generation, emission or disposal of any Hazardous Materials on, in or from the Property. Seller shall not, prior to Closing, bring or permit any Hazardous Materials to be brought onto the Property. The term “Hazardous Materials” shall mean, without limitation, any material or substance which is defined as a “hazardous waste”, “hazardous substance”, or the like under the laws or regulations of the State of California or United States (collectively, “Environmental Laws”) including any material or substance that is: (a) petroleum, oil, gas, or any direct or derivative product or byproduct thereof; (b) defined or listed as a hazardous waste, extremely hazardous waste or restricted hazardous waste Hazardous Waste Control Law (Cal. Health and Safety Code §§ 25115, 25118, 25122.7 and 25140); (c) defined as a hazardous substance under the Carpenter-Presley-Tanner Hazardous Substance Account Act (Cal. Health and Safety Code § 25316); (d) defined as a hazardous material, hazardous substance, or hazardous waste under the Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans and Inventory (Cal. Health and Safety Code § 25501); (e) defined as a hazardous substance under Underground Storage of Hazardous Substances (Cal. Health and Safety Code § 25281); (f) used oil (see Cal. Health and Safety Code § 25250.1; (g) asbestos; (h) material listed under Article 9 or defined as hazardous or extremely hazardous pursuant to Article 1 of Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations, Division 4.5, Chapter 11; (i) material defined as waste or a hazardous substance pursuant to the Porter-Cologne Act (Cal. Water Code § 13050); (j) material designated as a toxic pollutant pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. § 1317); (k) material defined as a hazardous waste pursuant to the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. § 6901 et seq.; (l) material defined as a hazardous substance pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, (42 U.S.C. § 9601 et seq.); (m) material defined as a hazardous material pursuant to the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act; or (n) material regulated by any Superfund or Superlien law, or any other federal, state or local law, statute, ordinance code, rule, regulation, order or decree that is in effect and regulating, relating to, or imposing liability or standards of conduct concerning Hazardous Materials, oil wells, underground storage tanks or pipelines. Hazardous Materials include asbestos, petroleum products, and any other hazardous waste or substance which has, as of the date hereof, been determined to be hazardous or a pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Transportation, or any instrumentality authorized to regulate substances in the environment which has jurisdiction over the Property which substance causes the Property (or any part thereof) to be in material violation of Environmental Laws. The forgoing representations are made as to the best of Seller’s knowledge. Buyer is advised to conduct appropriate inspections as to the condition of the Property.
(viii) Seller are not foreign persons and are “United States Person(s)” as such term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code, as amended. (See I.R.C. § 7701(a)(30)). {CW134475.1}
(ix) To the best of Seller’s knowledge, none of the Seller is an entity named on the List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons maintained by the U.S.

Department of Treasury, as last updated prior to the Effective Date, and Seller shall take any actions required to comply with the USA Patriot Act of 2001, as amended, and any regulations promulgated under the foregoing law, Executive Order No. 13224 on Terrorist Financing, any sanctions program administrated by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control or Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or any other laws, regulations, executive orders or government programs designed to combat terrorism or money laundering, if applicable to this Agreement.
(x) The representations and warranties of Seller set forth in this Agreement and the materials delivered by Seller to Buyer do not contain any untrue statements of material fact. Seller have not omitted any material fact that would thereby cause its representations and warranties to be misleading.

EXCEPT FOR THE WARRANTIES SET OUT ABOVE AND THE WARRANTIES OF

TITLE MADE IN THE DEED, SELLER MAKE NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS

OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE CONDITION, TITLE, OR USE OF THE PROPERTY. THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT SELLER HAVE NOT

UNDERTAKEN ANY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION IN ORDER TO OBTAIN ANY

KNOWLEDGE FOR PURPOSES OF MAKING THE WARRANTIES AND
REPRESENTATIONS MADE BY IT IN THIS AGREEMENT.

Buyer: Seller:

(c) Buyer’s Representations. Buyer makes the following representations and warrantees:
(i) Buyer has the right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to purchase the Property in accordance with the expressed terms and conditions hereof. (ii) Each of the persons executing this Agreement on behalf of Buyer is authorized to do so.
(iii) This Agreement constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of Buyer, enforceable in accordance with its terms.
{CW134475.1}
The above representations and warranties are made by each Party with the knowledge and expectation that the other Party is placing complete reliance thereon, and such warranties shall survive Closing. Each Party shall not cause or permit any action to be taken which will cause any of its representations or warranties to be untrue in any material respects upon Closing. None of the representations and warranties shall be deemed merged into or superseded by the execution or delivery of any documents or agreements in connection with this Agreement. Each Party agrees to indemnify, defend and hold the other Party harmless from all liabilities, claims, losses, damages, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and costs) in connection with a breach of these representations and warranties. This indemnification obligation shall survive the Closing.

11. Risk of Loss. Except for loss caused by Buyer, Seller bears all risk of loss prior to the Closing. If, prior to Closing, any of the Property is materially damaged by any casualty (other than those attributable to Buyer) and such damage is not repaired by Seller or arrangements for the escrow of funds sufficient to pay for necessary repairs are not made prior to Closing, then Buyer will have the option to terminate this Agreement by providing written notice to Seller. If Buyer does not elect to terminate this Agreement, it will remain in full force and effect and Buyer shall purchase the Property "as is".

12. Eminent Domain. If, prior to Closing, condemnation proceedings are commenced or concluded by any entity other than Buyer and, in Buyer’s reasonable opinion, such proceedings will or have materially and adversely affected the Property, Buyer will have the option to terminate this Agreement by providing written notice to Seller. If Buyer does not elect to terminate this Agreement, it will remain in full force and effect and, at Closing, Seller shall be deemed to have assigned to Buyer all of Seller’s rights, titles and interests in any awards that have been made or may be made for the taking. Any such condemnation proceeds received by Seller prior to Closing shall be credited against the Purchase Price otherwise due at Closing from Buyer.

13. Memorandum of Agreement. The Parties agree that this instrument shall not be recorded; however, that at the request of either Party, the other Party shall execute and deliver a Memorandum of Agreement (“Memorandum”), in recordable form, stating that the Property is under contract to Buyer and the duration of this Agreement.

14. Default and Remedies. If, prior to Closing, either Party is in default of its covenants or obligations under this Agreement, and such defaulting Party fails to cure such default within ten (10) business days after receipt of written notice thereof, the non-defaulting Party may elect to terminate this Agreement by sending written notice of termination to the defaulting Party, in which case the non-defaulting Party shall be entitled to the Escrow Deposit. If Seller is the defaulting Party, Buyer may seek specific performance of Seller’s obligations, provided that any {CW134475.1}
action for specific performance must be filed within sixty (60) days of Seller’s alleged default. If, however, the specific performance remedy is not available to Buyer because of Seller’s acts after the Effective Date, then Buyer shall have, in addition to the right to the return of the Escrow Deposit, the right to recover its direct out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred in connection with this Agreement, up to a maximum of Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000.00). In no event shall Buyer be entitled to recover, and Buyer expressly waives any right to recover, consequential, special, punitive, or speculative damages. If the Agreement is terminated due to default, the defaulting Party shall be liable for all direct Escrow costs. With respect to breach of any of the Survival Obligations (defined below), the non-defaulting Party shall be entitled to the remedies provided by this Agreement, law, statute, ordinance, and otherwise. The use of any one of these remedies by a non-defaulting Party with respect to a breach of any of the Survival Obligations shall not preclude such Party’s right to use any and all other remedies.

15. Survival. Any obligations, representations and warranties that are expressly provided to survive termination of the Agreement and, if Closing occurs, any provision which by its nature and effect is required to be performed after Closing (collectively, the “Survival Obligations”) shall survive the Closing and remain binding and for the benefit of the Parties until fully performed. Upon termination, neither Party shall have any further obligations under the Agreement except for the Survival Obligations.

16. Notices. Except where such other form of notice is expressly permitted by this Agreement, any notice required or permitted to be given in connection with this Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been given: (a) when hand delivered (deemed received on receipt or refusal of delivery); (b) when delivered by a nationally recognized overnight express delivery service (deemed received the next business day); or (c) when deposited in the United States Mail, registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested (deemed received the third business day after posting). Notices may be executed and sent by the other Party’s legal counsel.

Each notice shall be addressed, transmitted, or delivered, as the case may be, as set out below, or at such other address as may from time to time be designated in writing in accordance with this subsection:

If to Buyer: City of Angels Camp
200 Monte Verda Street, Suite B
Angels Camp, CA 95222
Attn: Rebecca Callen, City Administrator
{CW134475.1}
Courtesy copy to: White Brenner LLP
1414 K Street, 3rd Floor
Sacramento, CA 95814
Attn: Douglas L. White
If to Seller: ________________________
________________________
________________________
Attn: ____________________
courtesy copy to: ________________________
________________________
________________________
Attn: ____________________
If to Escrow Agent: ________________________
________________________
________________________
Attn: ____________________

17. Assignment. This Agreement may be assigned by Buyer without Seller’s consent if the assignment is to any entity controlled by Buyer. Any other attempted assignment by Buyer (except as part of a tax-deferred exchange) may not be made without Seller’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. No assignment, however, shall release the original Buyer from its obligations under the Agreement. If this Agreement is assigned, the Agreement shall be binding on the assignee, its successors and assigns.

18. General Provisions.
(a) Exhibits. All attached Exhibits are incorporated by reference and made a part of this Agreement.
(b) Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire understanding and agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and all prior or contemporaneous oral or written agreements or instruments are merged into this Agreement. (c) Amendment. No amendments to this Agreement shall be effective unless such amendment is made in writing, signed by both Parties. No waiver of any right or remedy shall be effective unless in writing and signed by the Party against which it is sought to be enforced. {CW134475.1}
(d) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed simultaneously and in several identical counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. In making proof of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart. This Agreement has been executed in five (5) counterpart originals. Seller and Buyer are each to receive one (1) of the fully executed counterparts after delivery to the Escrow Agent. This Agreement may be signed and delivered using facsimile machines and electronic transmission. Any signed facsimile or electronic transmission of this Agreement shall constitute an original counterpart. (e) Time is of the Essence. Time is of the essence with respect to the payments and undertakings required of the Parties. If any time period under this Agreement ends on a Saturday, Sunday or any day on which the state courts of Calaveras County, California are closed, that time period shall be extended until the next business day. (f) Good Faith. Whenever a Party’s consent or approval is required under this Agreement, that consent or approval will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed, except as expressly provided to the contrary in this Agreement. (g) Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is determined by a court to be invalid and unenforceable, or if any provision of this Agreement is rendered invalid or unenforceable under any federal or state law which becomes effective after the Effective Date, the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect and shall be interpreted to give effect to the purpose and intent of this Agreement. If, however, the Agreement is determined by a court to be invalid and unenforceable in its entirety, then the Agreement shall automatically terminate; provided that any obligations intended to survive a termination of this Agreement shall remain in effect to the extent otherwise permitted by law.
(h) Attorney’s Fees; Venue. In the event any legal action or demand for arbitration (if applicable) is filed in relation to this Agreement, the unsuccessful Party in that proceeding shall pay to the successful Party the latter’s reasonable attorney’s fees in addition to any other relief recovered. Venue for legal proceedings shall be the Calaveras County Superior Court and this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California.
(i) Waiver. Waiver by any Party of a breach of any provision of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other or subsequent breach hereof, unless specifically stated in writing.
(j) Drafting Presumptions. Each party acknowledges and agrees that it has reviewed this Agreement and had the opportunity to review the Agreement with its own legal counsel. Each party further acknowledges and agrees that it freely entered into this Agreement. {CW134475.1}
Should any provision of this Agreement require judicial interpretation, the court interpreting or construing the provision shall not apply the rule of construction that a document is to be construed more strictly against the drafting Party.
(k) Recitals. The Recitals above are true and correct and are hereby incorporated into and made a part of this Agreement. In the event of any inconsistency between the Recitals and the provisions of this Agreement, the provisions will prevail. [Signatures are on following page]
{CW134475.1}
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed and effective as of the Effective date set forth above.

BUYER:

CITY OF ANGELS CAMP, a California
municipal corporation
By:

Rebecca Callen, City Administrator
Date:

APPROVED AS TO FORM:

By:

Doug White, City Attorney
SELLER:

By:

Name: ______________________________
Date:

By:

Name: ______________________________
Date:

By:

Name: ______________________________
Date:
{CW134475.1}

ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND ACCEPTANCE
Receipt of an original of the foregoing Agreement and the enclosures listed therein is acknowledged, and we agree to act as Escrow Agent under and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Agreement.

ESCROW AGENT:
____________________________________

Name: ______________________________
Date:
{CW134475.1}

EXHIBIT A
Legal Description of the Parcel 1
{CW134475.1}

EXHIBIT B
Legal Description of the Parcel 2

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Chapter 17.06 (General Provisions and Exceptions) - 1
DATE: December 5, 2023
TO: City of Angels City Council
FROM: Amy Augustine, AICP – City Planner
RE: Ordinance 536 renaming Chapter 17.06 as General Provisions and Exceptions and adding, consolidating, amending, or updating, provisions for mobile food vendors, garage sales, temporary construction trailers, recreational vehicles (storage and living), special events, special event permits, certificates of occupancy, storage containers, cottage food operations and movie sets; amending and updating excessive slopes, temporary and seasonal sales stands, acceptable farming and ranching practices, construction in floodplains, occupancy changes in commercial buildings in commercial zones, and eliminating standards for auto wrecking yards.

RECOMMENDATION:

Re-introduce, waive the second reading, hold a public hearing. The Council has the following options:

1. Adopt the ordinance as presented, or

2. Adopt the ordinance with changes, or

3. Send the ordinance back to staff with directions for changes; or

4. Deny the ordinance amendments.

STRATEGIC PLAN IMPLEMENTATION:

A majority of the proposed code changes are consistent with and/or implement the following City’s Strategic Plan goals and policies:

A1 Conservation and Open Space: Maintain and, where feasible, enhance the city’s appearance Many of the proposed code changes are related to improving the city’s aesthetics. Specifically, the code revisions address where and how storage containers can be installed to improve aesthetics, RV living (in addition to health and safety, regulating where RV living may occur influences aesthetics), excessive slopes (regulating excessive grading), and eliminating wrecking yards.

A3 Conservation and Open Space: Protect the health and safety of people and property in the city from natural and man-made hazards Health and safety-related code changes include sections addressing excessive slopes (protecting people and property from grading on unstable slopes), living in RVs (with inadequate water and sewer), construction in floodplains (reducing the threat of property damage and drowning), occupancy changes in commercial buildings (to ensure the safety of persons in commercial structures through compliance with safety codes, building codes and ingress/egress for safe evacuations).

A4 Economic Development: Promote a wide variety of economic opportunities consistent with the city's social, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources Code changes provide guidelines allowing for wide variety of economic opportunities including mobile food vendors, cottage food operations, special events, movie sets, and updating home occupation guidelines. 6F

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Chapter 17.06 (General Provisions and Exceptions) - 2
A5 Maintain and enhance the city's economic vitality while conserving the city's social, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources. Economic vitality and conserving community character is addressed through proposed code changes addressing mobile food vendors, cottage food operations, special events, movie sets, and home occupations intended to ensure consistency with community character while allowing for small, home-based businesses in compliance with state law; and by permitting larger community and visitor events consistent with community health and safety.

B2 Design new development to be compatible with the natural, scenic, and cultural resources and rural character of Angels Camp Community character and design is addressed through proposed changes addressed under storage containers (ensuring aesthetic compatibility with the rural character of the community) and excessive slopes (ensuring new development maintains consistency with the natural and scenic character of the city).

B3 Design new commercial and industrial development to be compatible with the natural, scenic, and cultural resources and rural character of Angels Camp Commercial community character and design is addressed through proposed code amendments addressing storage containers, excessive slopes (see preceding).

BACKGROUND
The Planning Commission recommended to the City Council approval of the proposed code changes at its September 14, 2023, meeting. On September 19, 2023, the City Council introduced the ordinance, waived the first reading and set October 3, 2023, for a second reading. On October 3, 2023, the City Council took public input and referred the proposed code changes to the City Attorney for review. The City Attorney is currently completing that review. The item was continued to November 7, 2023, at the October 17, 2023, meeting. On November 7, the City Council re-introduced the ordinance, waived the first reading and set December 5, 2023, to consider adoption.

The city received a Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) Grant to update various sections of the City Code including those related to housing, design standards and permit streamlining. In conducting a review of the city codes for design standards and permit streamlining, staff also identified uses that have not been addressed, were addressed insufficiently, have resulted in multiple code violations, or are included in multiple code sections with conflicting regulations. To resolve these issues, in conjunction with undertaking LEAP code amendments, multiple code changes are proposed and summarized as follows:

Table 1: Purpose(s) of proposed code changes
Proposed code change Reason for Code Change
Mobile food vendors, temporary and seasonal
sales stands
Public health and safety, code violations, eliminate
conflicting code sections, clarification
Certificates of occupancy Housing standard (LEAP), Public health and safety, code violations
Garage sales Not addressed in code, potential code violations

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Chapter 17.06 (General Provisions and Exceptions) - 3
Proposed code change Reason for Code Change
Temporary construction trailers/construction
yards
Clarify existing code, cross referencing
Recreational vehicle/trailer and/or boat use and
storage
Design standards (LEAP), Clarify existing code, address section removed during prior code updates, crossreferencing, potential code violations Special Events Not currently in code, clarification
Storage containers Housing, Design guidelines (LEAP)
Cottage food operations State regulations, not currently in code Movie sets Not currently in code
Restrictions on building construction, land use Housing (LEAP), Clarification Exceptions to Height requirements Remove towers – addressed under cell towers, communications towers with differing height requirements anticipated
Access No change
Accessory buildings Housing-related (LEAP), Clarification, code enforcement Excessive Slopes--access. Design standards (LEAP), Clarification Home occupation criteria Reflect current zoning districts, add provisions for code violation and conditions of approval
Sale of alcoholic beverages Clarification
Street improvements No changes
Construction in flood plains Design standard and Housing-related (LEAP), Clarification and cross referencing added
Occupancy changes in commercial buildings Clarification Acceptable farming and ranching Update referenced zoning districts Auto wrecking yards (removed) Design standard (LEAP), Use not in code

ANALYSIS
Pursuant to Angels Municipal Code Section 17.90.040, decisions pertaining to code amendments shall be made upon the following findings of fact:

A. The proposed change or amendment is consistent with the city of Angels Municipal Code; and B. The proposed change or amendment is consistent with the city of Angels general plan; and C. The proposed change or amendment will not be substantially detrimental to the health, safety, or general welfare of the city.

Code amendments included for the purposes of updates for consistency with state regulations, to remove inconsistencies or provide clarification are considered clerical and are not analyzed discussed herein. New

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Chapter 17.06 (General Provisions and Exceptions) - 4
code provisions addressing storage containers, cottage food operations, and movie sets; and amendments with changes beyond clerical changes are analyzed in the following.

Findings A &B – Consistency with the Angels Municipal Code and General Plan The identified code changes are primarily related to economic development (e.g., home occupations, cottage food operations, special events, movie sets, mobile food vendors, temporary sales stands), Housing (recreational vehicles, certificates of occupancy, accessory buildings), Health and Safety (certificates of occupancy, construction in flood plains, sale of alcoholic beverages, excessive slopes, mobile food vendors, temporary sales stands) and design/community character (storage containers, excessive slopes, temporary sales stands) and code enforcement.

Applicable general plan goals, policies and programs include:

Land Use
Goal
1A-1 Provide a well-organized and orderly development pattern that maintains and enhances Angels Camp’s social, economic, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources while managing growth….

Implementation Programs

1.A.b Continue to conduct reviews of the Angels Camp Municipal Code and General Plan for consistency.

1.F.d Maintain Provisions for Home Occupations
Housing
Implementation Program

2.C.n Continue to Maintain a Code Enforcement Position
Health and Safety
Goal

4.H Protect the health and safety of people and property in the city from natural and man-made hazards.

Policies

4.H.1 Protect the health and safety of people and property in the city from natural hazards to the extent feasible.

4.H.3 Protect sensitive land uses from encroachment by incompatible land uses.

Implementation Programs

4.H.a Designate Identified Flood Hazard Areas as Resource Management/Open Space

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Chapter 17.06 (General Provisions and Exceptions) - 5
Public Safety
Policies

6.A.2 Reduce exposure to risks in hazardous areas by directing development away from these areas.

Implementation Program

6.A.g Continue to Enforce the Provisions of the Uniform Building Code

6.B.n Protect New Development from Flood Hazards
Economic Development
Goal
10C Promote a wide variety of economic opportunities consistent with the city’s social, cultural, environmental, and aesthetic resources.

Policies

10.C.4 Promote locally produced products.

Implementation Programs:

10.C.d Support and promote events celebrating the City’s culture, history, industries, recreational opportunities and natural resources
Community Character
Policies

11.A.3 Encourage new development to blend with the existing landscape and streetscape.

11.A.4 Provide guidance to developers in the application of Best Management Practices for grading, vegetation retention, and similar practices that may affect visual quality.

11.A.5 Consider aesthetics when reviewing development proposals.

11.B.3 Conserve the scenic qualities of hillsides and hilltops.

Implementation Programs

11.B.D Draft a Hillside Management Ordinance
Based on the relationship between the proposed code changes and the preceding general plan goals, policies and programs, finding A can be made. Because the identified code changes are for the purposes of implementing the identified general plan programs, Finding B can be made.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF ANGELS PO Box 667, 200 Monte Verda St. Suite B, Angels Camp, CA 95222 P: (209) 736-1346 Chapter 17.06 (General Provisions and Exceptions) - 6
Finding C. The proposed change or amendment will not be substantially detrimental to the health, safety, or general welfare of the city.

Many of the proposed code changes are associated with code compliance and housing directly associated with the health and safety of the city as shown in Table 1. Therefore, the proposed code changes are not detrimental to the health or safety of the city. Similarly, design-related changes are associated with maintaining the city’s community character are shown in Table 1 and contributing to the general welfare of the city. Finally, those changes related to economic development (see preceding paragraphs) also contribute to the general welfare of the city.

Based on the preceding, and as illustrated in Table 1, Finding C can be made.

ENVIRONMENTAL FINDINGS:

All of the uses associated with the proposed code changes are applicable to minor structures (either alterations to existing minor structure or constructing new minor structures). Therefore, the proposed amendments are Categorically Exempt from the state and city guidelines for the implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Sections 15301 (Existing Structures - operation, repair, maintenance, permitting, leasing, licensing, or minor alterations), 15303 (New Construction or Conversion of Small Structures - construction and location of limited numbers of new, small facilities or structures, conversion of existing small structures from one use to another), Section 15311 (Accessory Structures including mobile food vendors), or acquisition of a building permit (a ministerial project exempt from CEQA). Therefore, the proposed code amendments are exempt from CEQA.

ATTACHMENTS:

A. Redline/strikeout version
B. Ordinance 536 with clean version of Chapter 17.06

ATTACHMENT A
{CW133984.1}

Chapter 17.06

GENERAL PROVISIONS AND EXCEPTIONS
Sections:

17.06.010 Restrictions on building construction, land use.

17.06.020 Exception to height requirements.

17.06.030 Access.

17.06.040 Accessory buildings established prior to primary use.

17.06.050 Excessive Slopes.

17.06.060 Home occupation criteria.

17.06.070 Mobile food vendors, temporary and seasonal sales stands 3 days or less annually

17.06.080 Certificate of Occupancy Required

17.06.090 Garage sales

17.06.100 Temporary construction trailers/construction yards

17.06.110 Recreational vehicle/trailer use and storage

17.06.120 Acceptable farming and ranching practices.

17.06.130 Sale of alcoholic beverages.

17.06.140 Street improvements.

17.06.150 Construction in floodplains.

17.06.160 Occupancy changes in commercial buildings in commercial zones.

17.06.170 Special events, special event permits

17.06.180 Storage containers

17.06.190 Cottage food operations

17.06.200 Movie sets

17.06.210 Vacant buildings

17.06.220 Gas stations

17.06.010 Restrictions on building construction, land use.

A. No building, structure or use of land shall commence, be enlarged or altered unless it is permitted in the zone in which the land is located and all applicable permits have been secured.

B. No building, structure or use of land shall commence, be enlarged or altered unless it meets the requirements of the zone in which the land is located, except as may be provided by provisions for variances per Chapter 17.75. (Ord. 323 §1, 1992; Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

17.06.020 Exception to height requirements.

The maximum building height limitations of each zone do not apply to spires, chimneys, belfries, cupolas, antennae, water tanks, ventilators, poles, silos, elevators, walkways, conveyors, machinery, safety devices and structures supporting same, or other architectural appurtenances not intended for human occupancies.

The maximum height limitations for such structures shall be ten feet higher than the building height limits of the zone in which the use is allowed, unless a use permit is obtained to allow higher structures. (Ord. 323 §2, 1992: Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

17.06.030 Access.

Deleted: --Access
Deleted: ¶

17.06.070 Standards for auto wrecking
yards.

Deleted: 17.06.080 Temporary stands.

Deleted: Floodplains
Deleted: 17.06.170 Accessory buildings.¶

17.06.180 Emergency shelters.¶

17.06.190 Density bonuses.¶

17.06.200 Reasonable accommodation.¶

17.06.210 Housing Accountability Act--
Special findings for denying certain housing,
emergency shelter and farmworker housing
projects.¶

17.06.220 Low barrier navigation centers.¶

17.06.230 Converting multifamily rental units
to owned units (condominium conversion).¶
Deleted: towers,
{CW133984.1}
Each land use or building constructed under this chapter shall have access to a private or public street or road. All buildings or uses of land shall be located on its lot or parcel as to provide safe and convenient access for servicing, fire protection, user ingress and egress and required off-street parking. (Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

17.06.040 Accessory buildings established prior to permitted use A. Unless otherwise provided in this Title, the principal permitted use shall be constructed in any zone prior to or concurrent with construction of any structure designed as an accessory building or for an accessory use. This provision does not apply to barns or structures in support of an agricultural use in the RE-5 or SP zone on parcels five acres or larger.

B. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.050 Excessive slopes.

Any proposed land use located on slopes greater than thirty percent may be subject to the following:

A. Denial of the permit due to impacts to public health and safety; B. Increased lot size;
C. Decreased residential density;
D. Decreased land use intensity (lot coverage);
E. Provisions for alternate and/or secondary ingress and egress; F. Greater standards for erosion control and soil stabilization.

G. Preparation of a visual impact assessment addressing visual impacts associated with grading, vegetation removal, and/or hillside and hilltop development. (Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

17.06.060 Home occupation criteria.

An occupation conducted in a dwelling unit is allowed in the R-1, R-1:GHC, R-2, R-3, RE-1, and RE-5 zones, provided:

Deleted: residential use of
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Deleted:

Deleted: RA,
Deleted:

Deleted: R3
Deleted: ,
{CW133984.1}
D. No home occupation shall be conducted in more than one existing accessory building; E. There shall be no sale of products other than products handcrafted by the occupants or products which are related and incidental to a service provided;
F. No traffic shall be generated by such home occupation in greater volume than would normally be expected in a residential neighborhood;
G. No equipment or process shall be used in such home occupation which creates noise, vibration, glare, fumes, odors or electrical interference detectable to the normal senses off the lot.

H. The City may include additional conditions as necessary to ensure the health, safety, general welfare, and maintenance of the residential character of the neighborhood in which the home occupation is located.

I. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19. (Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

17.06.070 Mobile food vendors, temporary and seasonal sales stands —3 days or less annually
A. No person shall engage in any business in the public streets or public sidewalks unless an encroachment permit or special event permit has been issued by the City.

B. Except as otherwise provided in Section 5.04.170 (Intermittent vendors); mobile food vendors and temporary or seasonal sales stands that operate four days or more annually shall be required to secure an administrative conditional use permit in accordance with Section 17.27.025, 17.30.030 or 17.34 in the Community Commercial (CC), Shopping Center Commercial (SC) or Business Attraction and Expansion (BAE) zoning districts prior to commencing operations.

C. All mobile food vendors and temporary or seasonal sales stands that operate three days or less annually shall be required to secure a City business license prior to commencing operations. Business licenses shall be renewed annually.

D. All mobile food vendors shall provide the City with a copy of a valid permit to operate from the Calaveras County Environmental Management Agency, Food Facility Program.

E. Business license applications pursuant to this Section shall require submittal of the following unless otherwise waived by the city planner:
i. A site plan identifying the location of the proposed vendor or sales stand including nearby buildings, walkways, driveways and parking;
ii. the location of proposed parking;
iii. a letter of permission from the landowner where the vendor will be located; iv. hours of operation;
Deleted: 17.06.070 Standards for auto wrecking
yards.¶
A. There shall be a solid fence at least six feet in
height around the perimeter of the yard.¶
B. Auto bodies, parts of vehicles and metal parts
shall not be visible from any off-premises land,
including private or public roads or adjacent
properties.¶
C. Any burning must meet the requirements of the
city of Angels fire department, and state and county
air pollution control standards.¶
D. Odor, smoke, vibration, electrical or radio
interference shall not be detectable beyond the
boundaries of the property detectable to the normal
senses off the lot.¶
E. The requirements of the state of California
Department of Motor Vehicles shall be met.¶
F. Specific conditions as specified by the
conditional use permit granted by the city.¶
G. Noise levels shall not exceed standards of the
general plan noise element. (Ord. 323 §§3, 4, 1992;
Ord. 270 (part), 1984)¶
Deleted: ,
Deleted: and
Deleted: operating
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{CW133984.1}
v. the proposed dates and total number of days to be in operation; vi. the contact information of the person operating the business; vii. Off-site storage location for flammable or potentially hazardous materials; viii. Exits, fire suppression methods, as applicable;
ix. Other information as may be requested by the city to ensure the health, safety and general welfare of the community.

F. The city planning department shall review each application and seek recommendations from appropriate agencies. The city shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny the application within seven days of receipt of a complete application. The city planner may establish conditions to ensure that overall intent of this title and the general plan are met, and as necessary to make findings that the permit, if approved, under the circumstances of the parƟcular case, will not be substanƟally detrimental to the health, safety, or general welfare of persons in the neighborhood of such proposed use or be substanƟally detrimental or injurious to property and improvements in the neighborhood.

G. The decision of the city planner is subject to appeal under Section 17.81.020.

H. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.080 Certificate of Occupancy
Prior to occupying any non-residenƟal building aŌer there has been a change in tenant, change in business, or change in use, no maƩer the length of the vacancy, the new occupant shall be required to obtain a cerƟficate of occupancy. Temporary uses of exisƟng buildings (for example, pop-up shops or vendors) shall also be required to obtain a cerƟficate of occupancy prior to operaƟon.

17.06.090 Garage sales
Garage sales may be held on residenƟal private property and sponsored by a parƟcular person or group for not more than three days in any calendar year. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.100 Temporary construction trailers/construction
yards/emergency use
A. An administrative conditional use permit shall be secured pursuant to AMC Section 17.78.027 for a temporary structure or trailer for housing tools, equipment, or containing supervisory offices in connection with construction projects and may be maintained only during active progress of construction on the same property. Temporary construction offices shall be removed within two weeks of issuance of a certificate of occupancy for the structure. An administrative conditional use permit is not required if temporary construction offices are permitted under the conditions of approval for another City-issued entitlement for the same construction project (e.g., site plan review).

B. Temporary structures or trailers providing public utility services, emergency services, or emergency support services and/or personnel during a city-declared emergency are permitted with issuance of a building permit unless a building permit is otherwise waived by the city and subject to meeting all applicable health and safety regulations.

Deleted: .

Deleted: city staff
Deleted: ¶
Deleted: 17.06.080 Temporary stands.¶
Whenever a fireworks stand, carnival, circus,
Christmas tree lot, yard sale exceeding a cumulative
total of three days per year, temporary contractor’s
equipment yard or similar use is established, the
following procedures shall be used:¶
A. The proposal shall be submitted to the planning
department before any construction, commencement
of the use, or application for a business license.¶
B. As part of the application, a site plan including
the following information shall be included:¶
Deleted: 1. Name, address and phone number of
the person responsible for the proposal;¶

2. The arrangement of buildings, walkways,
driveways, parking, entrances, exits, fire suppression
methods and other information as needed;¶

3. A timetable describing the period when the use
will be conducted;¶
Deleted: 4. The use of the property normally and its
future use.¶
C. The city shall review each application and shall
seek recommendations from appropriate agencies.

The community planner or police chief shall approve,
conditionally approve or deny the application within
fourteen days of the application. The community
planner may establish conditions to insure that overall intent of this chapter and the general plan are met.

The planner or designee shall deny the application if
no reasonable alternative exists. The decision of the
city staff is subject to appeal under Section 17.81.020. (Ord. 323 §59, 1992; Ord. 270 (part), 1984)
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{CW133984.1}
C. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06. 110 Recreational vehicle/trailer/boat use and storage A. Any recreational vehicle, trailer, or boat shall comply with all provisions of Section 1.17.110.

B. A recreational vehicle, trailer, or boat may be stored on a parcel in a residential zone, provided that:

1. It is not connected to sewer, water, gas, electricity, telephone or other utilities;

2. It is not used for human habitation;

3. It is operative and licensed and located only in those areas allowed in AMC Section 1.17.110.

C. It is unlawful for any property owner to permit any person to park a recreational vehicle, trailer, or boat on the property owner’s property for the purpose of using it as living quarters within the city.

D. Recreational vehicles or trailers may be permitted as living quarters only in a trailer or recreational vehicle park duly permitted, approved and licensed by the state pursuant to the Recreational Vehicle Park Occupancy Law (California Civil Code Sections 799.20 et seq), and subject to issuance of applicable permits by the city in accordance with Title 17.

E. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.120 Acceptable farming and ranching practices.

A. Acceptable ranching practices in the Special Planning (SP) and Residential Estate, five acre minimum (RE5) zone shall include: animal husbandry and livestock farming, provided that the amount or number of animals or poultry to be allowed on the site does not create a nuisance to the contiguous properties.

Acceptable farming and ranching practices shall include the growing and harvesting of trees, fruits, vegetables, flowers, grains or other crops, storage, packing or processing of agricultural products on the property without changing the nature of the product for sale on the property, provided that such uses are authorized by a resident or owner of the property, are incidental to the dwelling use thereof and not a nuisance to adjacent properties.

B. Acceptable farming practices in the SP and RE-5 zone shall include crop and tree farming. (Ord. 323 §5, 1992)

17.06.130 Sale of alcoholic beverages.

Any place of business intending to engage in the sale of alcoholic beverages in any zoning district permitting such sales shall obtain an administrative conditional use permit pursuant to Chapter 17.78 prior to doing so. (Ord. 493 §1, 2019: Ord. 323 §6, 1992)

17.06.140 Street improvements.

Streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, storm drain improvements and appurtenances or parts thereof may be required as a condition of approval for any permit issued under the provisions of this title. All such Deleted: providing
Deleted: 1. It complies with all provisions of Section

1.17.110;¶
Deleted: 2
Deleted: I
Deleted: 3
Deleted: I
Deleted: 4
Deleted: specified
Deleted: ¶
Deleted: ¶
Shall comply with all provisions of Section 1.17.110. ¶ Deleted: , as defined in Health and Safety Code Section 18862.39…
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Deleted: zone
{CW133984.1}
improvements shall be constructed in accordance with city improvement standards and Title 12 of this code. (Ord. 323 §7, 1992)

17.06.150 Construction in Floodplains.

All proposed land uses, buildings or structures which are located within a special flood hazard zone as identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Maps or on the city’s general plan land use map, identified in the city’s Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, or that may be susceptible to the effects of flooding, including erosion or mudslide, shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 15.20 as well as the provisions of this title. (Ord. 323 §8, 1992)

17.06.160 Occupancy changes in commercial buildings in
commercial zones.

A. Where a change in tenant results in the same use being continued, as long as the use was legally established, the new tenant use does not require planning commission review except for changes involving exterior alterations within the HC zoning district, including new signage, which require planning commission review in accordance with SecƟons 17.26.080 and 17.26.090.

B. Where a new structure is to be constructed in the CC or SC zones requiring site plan or use permit review, the structure and use require planning commission approval unless otherwise provided in Chapters

17.52, 17.73, or 17.74.

C. Where special considerations were granted by the city to a previous use, the effect of those considerations expired if the use was discontinued for one year or more pursuant to the nonconforming use provisions of Section 17.72.010. (Ord. 323 §56, 1992)

17.06.170 Special Events, Special Event Permits
A. Gatherings or events involving 50 or more persons shall require a special event permit from the City Planning Department if:

1. Held entirely, partially, directly or indirectly on state or city-owned or leased property, including but not limited to: streets, parking lots, parks, sidewalks, city buildings or properties; or

2. Held on private property where a fee is charged for the event or sales will occur on site; or

3. The event could adversely impact traffic flows within or surrounding the city to the extent that emergency response vehicles could be impeded in the opinion of the city police or fire chief.

B. A special event permit is not required for:

1. Events held at a site in which special events have been permitted by the City through issuance of a conditional use permit or other entitlement specifying that such events are allowed; or

2. Events held inside permanent buildings constructed and approved by the City for the purpose of public assembly (e.g., auditoriums, theatres); or
Deleted: Insurance Agency
Deleted: acquire
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Deleted: S
Deleted:
{CW133984.1}

3. Gatherings held for the purpose of public health or safety; or

4. Gatherings held for the purpose of conducting city business.

C. A special event permit application shall be submitted to the City Planning Department on a form as prescribed by the city planner and subject to a fee as established by the City Council.

D. A decision by the city planner that a special event permit is required may be appealed in accordance with Section 17.81.020.

17.06.180 Storage containers
A. Storage containers are prohibited in the HC, R-2, and R-3 zoning districts.

B. In zoning districts that permit storage containers, storage containers shall conform to all of the following:

1. Any storage container, regardless of size, shall conform to all building setbacks.

2. A building permit or waiver shall be secured for any storage container over one hundred square feet.

3. Any storage container shall be placed behind or to the side of the principal building. Said container shall be screened with fencing or landscaping so as not to be visible from any roadway or neighboring use.

4. A landscaping plan and/or screening plan shall be reviewed and approved by the community development department prior to installing any storage container.

5. Storage containers are prohibited on vacant parcels unless a building permit is first secured for a primary structure except that they may be used for agricultural purposes on vacant property in the RE-5 or SP zoning district on parcels five acres or larger in accordance with paragraphs D and F.

C. In the R-1 and RE-1 zoning district:

1. Only one storage container, not exceeding two hundred square feet in size, is allowed on any parcel.

D. In the RE-5, CC, SC zoning districts:

1. No more than two storage containers are allowed.

E. Storage containers are permiƩed in the Industrial (I), Business AƩracƟon and Expansion (BAE) and Public (P) zones. Storage containers in the I, BAE or P zones shall not be subject to the screening requirements described in SecƟon 17.06.180(B) above.

F. In the SP zoning district on parcels five acres or larger, storage containers shall be permiƩed as an interim use for agricultural purposes. The permanent use of storage containers in an SP district shall be addressed in Deleted: ¶
Deleted: s
Deleted: city staff
Deleted: all such the structures
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Deleted: E)
Deleted: zoning district on parcels 5 acres or larger in size, and in the
Deleted: , BAE, or I
Deleted: 1. One storage container is allowed on parcels of five acres and less in size.¶
Deleted: 2
Deleted: T
Deleted: on parcels larger than five acres in size
Deleted: E
Deleted: ,
Deleted: no more than two
Deleted: in accordance with paragraph D
{CW133984.1}
the site’s Development Agreement in accordance with SecƟon 17.42.020 or Specific Plan in accordance with SecƟon 17.42.040.

G. ExisƟng use of any storage container in numbers greater than permiƩed herein are subject to the provisions of Chapter 17.72 (Nonconforming Uses) of this Ɵtle. Notwithstanding Chapter 17.72, exisƟng uses of any storage container not conforming to the provisions of this secƟon, other than limits on numbers of containers, shall be removed or brought into conformance with this secƟon upon change of ownership of the parcel or within five years aŌer the effecƟve date of this secƟon, whichever comes first.

H. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.190 Cottage food operations
A. Cottage food operations (CFOs) shall comply with Chapter 11.5 (commencing with SecƟon 114365 et seq) of Part 7 of Division 104 of the California Health and Safety Code and the provisions of California Government Code Section 51035.

B. CFOs are a permitted use within any private home. A cottage food operator must live within the private home where the CFO is being conducted. A "private home," for the purposes of a CFO, shall mean a dwelling, including an apartment or other leased space.

C. All CFOs shall submit a cottage food operation permit application (CFO Application) in a form as prescribed by the community development director prior to commencing operations. A CFO Application shall be reviewed and approved, conditionally approved, or denied by the city planner without a hearing. A CFO permit:

1. Is required for each CFO location and is not transferable between persons or locations.

2. May be conditioned by the city planner to ensure consistency with the requirements of this section.

3. May be denied by the city planner if the CFO does not comply with Government Code Section 51035 and the provisions of this section.

4. Is subject to a fee as approved by the city council. Any amendment to a CFO permit is subject to the same fee.

D. CFOs shall comply with the following:

1. Obtain a business license from the city prior to commencing operations.

2. Provide proof, where applicable, of landlord permission to operate a CFO on the premises;

3. CFOs may have one full-time equivalent employee (not counting family members).

4. All parking associated with the CFO shall be on-site (i.e., off-street). No more than one visitor's vehicle and one nonresident employee's vehicle shall be parked on the site at any time in addition to those off-street parking spaces required for the subject dwelling as prescribed in AMC Chapter 17.69 (unless otherwise specified in a city-issued entitlement). All on-site vehicle parking shall be designed and constructed in accordance with AMC Chapter 17.69.

5. Direct sales from the site of the cottage food operation shall be by prior appointment only and limited to one customer-per hour per day. All sales shall occur between 7 a.m. and 8 p.m.

Mondays through Fridays, 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. on Saturdays, and 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. on Sundays and federal holidays.

6. All commercial deliveries shall occur between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Monday through Saturday.

Commercial deliveries are prohibited on Sundays and federal holidays.

7. Noise levels generated by the CFO shall comply with the exterior noise limits as prescribed in Figure 5-1 of Angels Camp General Plan 2020, or as may be amended.

8. Signage is prohibited.

Deleted: F
Deleted: G
Deleted: Permit
Deleted: at
Deleted: permit
Deleted: Each
Deleted: amendment
Deleted: '
Deleted: ;
Deleted: <#>A CFO shall not be located closer than
three hundred feet from another CFO as necessary to
prevent over-concentration. Three hundred feet shall
be as measured between the outer wall of any
structure housing the CFO to the nearest outer wall of
the next CFO.¶
Deleted: <#>'
{CW133984.1}

9. No outside storage of materials or supplies is permitted.

10. There shall be no change in the outside appearance of the dwelling unit or premises or other visible evidence of the conduct of the CFO.

11. Except for vehicle parking, no outdoor portions of the premises shall be used for cottage food operations including outdoor sales and visitation.

12. Customers cannot dine at the CFO.

13. CFOs may not exceed gross sales levels as established by the State of California for CFOs. The city may request a copy of the CFO operator's most recent income tax return to verify gross sales receipts.

14. CFOs shall provide a copy to the city of the approved CFO registration or permit as required by the Calaveras County Environmental Management Agency.

15. Other measures as may be determined necessary by the city planner for compliance with this section, the Government Code, and the health and safety of the community in which the CFO is being conducted.

E. Expansion or relocation of a CFO without amending the CFO permit shall constitute a violation of this section.

F. Failure to comply with any condition attached to the CFO permit by the city planner shall constitute a violation.

G. Decisions of the community development director may be appealed in accordance with Section 17.81.020
H. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.200 Movie sets
A. MoƟon picture and television stage sets and scenery are permiƩed in all zoning districts, provided that a use permit and building permit are first secured.

B. All structures for temporary moƟon picture and television stage sets and scenery shall be removed within thirty days of compleƟng filming.

17.06.210 Vacant Buildings (See separate)

17.06.220 Gas Stations (See separate)
Deleted: A violation of this section shall be a public
nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures
provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17,

1.18 and 1.19.

Deleted: Temporary m
Deleted: building permit is
Deleted: and said structures are removed within thirty
days of compleƟng filming. ¶
B. Permanent moƟon picture and television stage sets
and scenery may be permiƩed in any district provided a
use permit is first secured.¶

CITY OF ANGELS

CITY COUNCIL
ORDINANCE 536
AMENDING ANGELS MUNICIPAL CODE CHAPTER 17.06 TO BECOME GENERAL PROVISIONS AND

EXCEPTIONS AND ADDING, CONSOLIDATING, AMENDING, OR UPDATING, PROVISIONS FOR MOBILE FOOD

VENDORS, GARAGE SALES, TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION TRAILERS, RECREATIONAL VEHICLES (STORAGE

AND LIVING), SPECIAL EVENTS, SPECIAL EVENT PERMITS, CERTIFICATES OF OCCUPANCY, STORAGE CONTAINERS, COTTAGE FOOD OPERATIONS AND MOVIE SETS; AMENDING AND UPDATING EXCESSIVE

SLOPES, TEMPORARY AND SEASONAL SALES STANDS, ACCEPTABLE FARMING AND RANCHING PRACTICES,

CONSTRUCTION IN FLOODPLAINS, OCCUPANCY CHANGES IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN COMMERCIAL ZONES, AND ELIMINATING STANDARDS FOR AUTO WRECKING YARDS.

THE CITY OF ANGELS CITY COUNCIL DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:

WHEREAS, the City of Angels City Council finds that it is to the benefit of the City to maintain its municipal code consistent with state law, to encourage internal consistency, address temporary uses, and provide guidance to developers and the public; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a duly no�ced public hearing on September 14, 2023, and received public input on the proposed revisions to the Municipal Code and passed a Resolu�on of Intent recommending adop�on of the proposed changes to the City Council; and WHEREAS, a no�ce of public hearing for the rezonings was published in the Calaveras Enterprise on September 7, 2023; and
WHEREAS, at duly no�ced public hearings on September 19, 2023, October 3, 2023, November 7, 2023, and December 5, 2023, the City Council heard and considered public input on the proposed amendment to the municipal code;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Angels hereby adopts Ordinance 536 amending municipal code Chapter 17.06, General Provisions and Excep�ons, in accordance with Atachment A based on the following findings:

1. The proposal is consistent with the City of Angels Municipal Code.

2. The proposal is consistent with the City of Angels General Plan

3. The proposed change or amendment will not be substantially detrimental to the health, safety, or general welfare of the city.

4. The proposed changes to the Municipal Code are exempt from further environmental review pursuant to the state guidelines for implementing the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Sections 15301, 15303, and 15311 of the State and City Guidelines for the implementation of CEQA.

Sec�on 2: The foregoing Ordinance or a summary shall, before the expira�on of fi�een (15) days of its passage, be published with the names of the Council members vo�ng for and against the same once in a newspaper of general circula�on printed and published in the County of Calaveras, State of California, and said Ordinance shall take effect and be in force thirty (30) days a�er the passage thereof.

The foregoing Ordinance was introduced at a regular mee�ng of the City of Angels City Council held on November 7, 2023, and passed and adopted as an ordinance of said City at a regular mee�ng of said Council held on December 5, 2023, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:
__________________________
Jennifer Herndon Mayor
_______________________
Rose Beristianos, City Clerk

HOME OF THE JUMPING FROG
De le t e t h e followin g:

5.04.150 St re e t , ve h icle or st a n d b u sin e sse s.

No person shall engage in any business in the public streets. No person shall engage in any business on private property, either from stands or wagons or any other vehicles, without first obtaining the consent of the owner or owners of the property on which the business is being conducted, whether such persons have first obtained a license or not. Any such person carrying on such business on private property without the consent of the property owners is guilty of a m isdem eanor and each and every day that the person conducts such business constitutes a new and separate offense, except that solicitors m ay conduct door-to-door sales as otherwise provided for in this chapter. Outdoor sales shall com ply with the requirem ents of the underlying zoning as stated in Title 17. (Ord. 323 §62, 1992: Ord. 316 (part), 1991: Ord. 253 §15, 1982)
Am e n d t h e follow in g d e fin it ion s in AMC Se ct ion 17.09.180:
"Recreational vehicle" shall mean a motor home, travel trailer, truck camper or camping trailer designed or capable of being used for human habitation, recreational use or emergency occupancy. Additionally, “recreational vehicle” shall include the definitions provided in the California Health and Safety Code Section 18010, as may be amended.
"Recreational vehicle park" shall mean any park, camp, site, area or lot where one or more spaces are rented, leased or held out for rent to owners or users of trailers or recreational vehicles. A recreational vehicle park includes all buildings, tents and structures intended for use of the park. Additionally, “recreational vehicle park” shall include the definitions contained in California Health and Safety Code Section 18862.39, with any occupant at the park including those defined in California Civil Code Sections 799.20 through 799.79, as may be amended.

Ad d t h e followin g d e fin it ion t o AMC Se ct ion 17.09.190:
"Storage container" means any structure designed or used for freight or storage, including but not limited to, cargo containers, shipping containers, and other pre-fabricated structures intended for storage or transport of goods.

Attachment B
Chapter 17.06

GENERAL PROVISIONS AND EXCEPTIONS
Sections:

17.06.010 Restrictions on building construction, land use.

17.06.020 Exception to height requirements.

17.06.030 Access.

17.06.040 Accessory buildings established prior to primary use.

17.06.050 Excessive Slopes.

17.06.060 Home occupation criteria.

17.06.070 Mobile food vendors, temporary and seasonal sales stands 3 days or less annually

17.06.080 Certificate of Occupancy Required

17.06.090 Garage sales

17.06.100 Temporary construction trailers/construction yards

17.06.110 Recreational vehicle/trailer use and storage

17.06.120 Acceptable farming and ranching practices.

17.06.130 Sale of alcoholic beverages.

17.06.140 Street improvements.

17.06.150 Construction in floodplains.

17.06.160 Occupancy changes in commercial buildings in commercial zones.

17.06.170 Special events, special event permits

17.06.180 Storage containers

17.06.190 Cottage food operations

17.06.200 Movie sets

17.06.210 Vacant buildings

17.06.220 Gas stations

17.06.010 Restrictions on building construction, land use.

A. No building, structure or use of land shall commence, be enlarged or altered unless it is permitted in the zone in which the land is located and all applicable permits have been secured.

17.06.020 Exception to height requirements.

17.06.030 Access.

Each land use or building constructed under this chapter shall have access to a private or public street or road. All buildings or uses of land shall be located on its lot or parcel as to provide safe and convenient access for servicing, fire protection, user ingress and egress and required off-street parking. (Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

B. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.050 Excessive slopes.

Any proposed land use located on slopes greater than thirty percent may be subject to the following:

G. Preparation of a visual impact assessment addressing visual impacts associated with grading, vegetation removal, and/or hillside and hilltop development. (Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

17.06.060 Home occupation criteria.

An occupation conducted in a dwelling unit is allowed in the R-1, R-1:GHC, R-2, R-3, RE-1, and RE-5 zones, provided:

A. No person, other than members of the immediate family residing on the premises, shall be engaged in such occupation;
B. The home occupation shall be clearly incidental and subordinate to its use for residential purposes, and not more than twenty-five percent of the floor area of the dwelling unit shall be used in the conduct of the home occupation;
C. There shall be no change in the outside appearance of the building or premises, or other visible evidence of the conduct of the home occupation;
D. No home occupation shall be conducted in more than one existing accessory building; E. There shall be no sale of products other than products handcrafted by the occupants or products which are related and incidental to a service provided;
F. No traffic shall be generated by such home occupation in greater volume than would normally be expected in a residential neighborhood;
G. No equipment or process shall be used in such home occupation which creates noise, vibration, glare, fumes, odors or electrical interference detectable to the normal senses off the lot.

I. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19. (Ord. 270 (part), 1984)

D. All mobile food vendors shall provide the City with a copy of a valid permit to operate from the Calaveras County Environmental Management Agency, Food Facility Program.

F. The city planning department shall review each application and seek recommendations from appropriate agencies. The city shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny the application within seven days of receipt of a complete application. The city planner may establish conditions to ensure that overall intent of this title and the general plan are met, and as necessary to make findings that the permit, if approved, under the circumstances of the par�cular case, will not be substan�ally detrimental to the health, safety, or general welfare of persons in the neighborhood of such proposed use or be substan�ally detrimental or injurious to property and improvements in the neighborhood.

G. The decision of the city planner is subject to appeal under Section 17.81.020.

H. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.080 Certificate of Occupancy
Prior to occupying any non-residen�al building a�er there has been a change in tenant, change in business, or change in use, no mater the length of the vacancy, the new occupant shall be required to obtain a cer�ficate of occupancy. Temporary uses of exis�ng buildings (for example, pop-up shops or vendors) shall also be required to obtain a cer�ficate of occupancy prior to opera�on.

17.06.090 Garage sales
Garage sales may be held on residen�al private property and sponsored by a par�cular person or group for not more than three days in any calendar year. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

C. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.110 Recreational vehicle/trailer/boat use and storage A. Any recreational vehicle, trailer, or boat shall comply with all provisions of Section 1.17.110.

B. A recreational vehicle, trailer, or boat may be stored on a parcel in a residential zone, provided that:

1. It is not connected to sewer, water, gas, electricity, telephone or other utilities;

2. It is not used for human habitation;

3. It is operative and licensed and located only in those areas allowed in AMC Section 1.17.110.

E. A violation of this section shall be a public nuisance subject to the remedies and procedures provided in Angels Municipal Code Chapters 1.16, 1.17, 1.18 and 1.19.

17.06.120 Acceptable farming and ranching practices.

B. Acceptable farming practices in the SP and RE-5 zone shall include crop and tree farming. (Ord. 323 §5, 1992)

17.06.130 Sale of alcoholic beverages.

17.06.140 Street improvements.

Streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, storm drain improvements and appurtenances or parts thereof may be required as a condition of approval for any permit issued under the provisions of this title. All such improvements shall be constructed in accordance with city improvement standards and Title 12 of this code. (Ord. 323 §7, 1992)

17.06.150 Construction in Floodplains.

17.06.160 Occupancy changes in commercial buildings in
commercial zones.

17.52, 17.73, or 17.74.

17.06.170 Special Events, Special Event Permits
A. Gatherings or events involving 50 or more persons shall require a special event permit from the City Planning Department if:

1. Held entirely, partially, directly or indirectly on state or city-owned or leased property, including but not limited to: streets, parking lots, parks, sidewalks, city buildings or properties; or

2. Held on private property where a fee is charged for the event or sales will occur on site; or

3. The event could adversely impact traffic flows within or surrounding the city to the extent that emergency response vehicles could be impeded in the opinion of the city police or fire chief.

B. A special event permit is not required for:

1. Events held at a site in which special events have been permitted by the City through issuance of a conditional use permit or other entitlement specifying that such events are allowed; or

2. Events held inside permanent buildings constructed and approved by the City for the purpose of public assembly (e.g., auditoriums, theatres); or