4-A — Bellflower City Council, January 20, 2022 (part 2 of 3)

General Plan Designation: General
Commercial (C-G)
Zoning Designation: Commercial (C)
Acreage: 13.1 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Estimated Housing Potential: 189 units
Qualified Census Tract: No
Existing Zoning
Area 1 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Existing Zoning Area 1 – Existing Zoning
274

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ256ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) land use and General Commercial (GC-1) zoning which does not allow for residential development. To facilitate the development of housing at a variety of income levels, all three parcels would be redesignated Mixed Use in the General Plan. To rezone the parcels, a housing overlay will be applied to permit residential development at densities of up to 30 dwelling units per acre. The overlay zone provides flexibility in that future developers can either propose projects in accordance with the underlying zone or the overlay classification or a mixed use development. The redesignation and application of the overlay to the parcels, is likely to facilitate the development of a mixed use project with ground floor retail below several stories of residential that would complement the surrounding uses and could be developed in one or two phases.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the potential and realistic unit capacity for Area 1, it was assumed that 60 percent of the land area could accommodate new residential development. The remaining 40 percent is discounted to account for the development of non-residential uses and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop.

This is conservative given the recent development trends in the City skewing towards residential development over non-residential development. Given recent development trends in the City, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved. With a proposed density of up to 30 du/ac, Area 1 can easily accommodate at least 189 new housing units. This density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate- income households. The potential housing units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA allocation percentages.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels located in Opportunity Area 1 along Bellflower Boulevard are within a Moderate Resource area, but adjacent to a High Resource Area across Rosecrans. The parcels within this Area do not fall within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT). However, this Area was analyzed to assess TCAC amenity scoring, which is based on proximity to schools, pharmacies, grocery stores, medical offices, parks and transit. Based on a preliminary survey, this Area would likely max out the amenity points on a 9% LIHTC application. The site is well positioned to accommodate lower-income residential development due to site size and proximity to amenities. The Area is also situated along the Norwalk Transit System – Route 1 – Rio Hondo/Bellflower with headways every 30 minutes. 275

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ257ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ2ȱ–ȱClarkȬAlondraȱȱ
ȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 2 is comprised eight parcels totaling 3.8 acres located on the southwest corner of the intersection of Alondra Boulevard and Clark Avenue, north of the 91 Freeway. Area 2 is currently developed with retail and service uses, including shops and restraurants, in single-story stand-alone buildings, with large surface parking areas tucked behind. All the parcels included in this Area are less than an acre in size and were developed between 1946 and 1969. The highest land to improvement ratio of the parcels is 0.59 and none of the parcels have seen any significant improvements over the years, making them prime for redevelopment. Two parcels are currently under the same ownership which could help faciliate consolidation. Area 2 is surrounded by single family residential to the south, multi-family residential to the north, and a mix of commercial and retail uses to the east and west. The photos on the following page, illustrate existing conditions of the buildings and parking in the Area 2.
General Plan Designation: Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: General Commercial
(G-C)
Acreage: 3.8 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Estimated Housing Potential: 54 units
Quaified Census Tract: No
Area 2 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 2 – Existing Zoning
276

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ258ȱȱ
Landȱ Useȱ Regulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows this Area designated for Commercial (C) land uses. The Area is also zoned General Commercial (G-C) which does not currently allow housing as a permitted use. To facilitate the development of housing at a variety of income levels, all parcels would be redesignated Mixed Use in the General Plan. To rezone the parcels, a housing overlay will be applied to permit residential development at densities of up to 30 dwelling units per acre. The overlay zone provides flexibility in that future developers can either propose projects in accordance with the underlying zone or the overlay classification. The redesignation and application of the overlay to the parcels, is likely to facilitate the development of a mixed use project with ground floor retail below several stories of residential that would complement the surrounding uses and could be developed in a single phase.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the potential and realistic unit capacity for Area 2, it was assumed that 60 percent of the land area could accommodate new residential development. The remaining 40 percent is discounted to account for the development of non-residential uses and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop.

This is conservative given the recent development trends in the City skewing towards residential development over non-residential development. Given recent development trends in the City, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved. With a proposed density of up to 30 dwelling units per acre, this Opportunity Area can conservatively accommodate at least 54 new housing units. This density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households and units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA allocation percentages.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels in Area 2 are within and surrounded by Moderate Resource areas. The parcels within this Area do not fall within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT). However, this Area was analyzed to assess TCAC amenity scoring, which is based on proximity to schools, pharmacies, grocery stores, medical offices, parks and transit. Based on a preliminary survey, this Area would likely max out the amenity points on a 9% LIHTC application. The site is well positioned to accommodate lower-income residential development due to site size and proximity to amenities. The Area is also situated along the Norwalk Transit System – Route 1 – Rio Hondo/Bellflower with headways every 30 minutes, in close proximity to the Bellflower Bike Trail, and just north of the future Metro Bellflower station along the West Santa Ana Branch Corridor.
277

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ259ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ3ȱ–ȱClarkȬParkȱȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 3 is comprised of nine parcels totaling 3.5 acres located at the intersection of Park Street and Clark Avenue, just north of the Artesia 91 Freeway, a major arterial highway that intersects the City of Bellflower. Area 3 is currently developed with commercial, retail, and hospitality uses, including a restraurant, church, and motel in stand alone one- and two-story buildings with ample surface parking. The parcels identified in this Area were constructed from 1924 to 1986 and have land to improvement ratios of less than 1. Two pairs of parcels in this Area are owned by the same individual or entity which could help facilitate lot consolidation. One of such parcels is an underutilized Christian school that has not been improved and appears to be vacant.

Out of the nine parcels, three are currently underutilized and two are existing surface parking lots which could position this Area well for redevelopment. Surrounding Opportunity Area 2 are primarily multi-family housing developments such as duplexes, triplexes, and low- to medium-density apartment homes built around the 1950s and 60s.

This Area is located along Clark Avenue, which has transit, Long Beach Transit Routes 93 and 112, services, jobs, and other amenities. The photos below, illustrate existing conditions of the buildings and parking lots in the Area.

General Plan Designation: Commercial
(C) and Medium Density Residential
Zoning Designation: Multiple Residential
Acreage: 3.5 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Estimated Housing Potential: 53 units
Qualified Census Tract: No
Area 3 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 3 – Existing Zoning
278

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ260ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) and Medium Density Residential (M) land use designations for this Area. Parcels in Area 3 will The current zoning does not permit housing on the parcels currently zoned Commercial. However, the parcels zoned Medium Density Residential do allow for 100 percent residental uses. To facilitate the development of residential uses, the City would apply a housing overlay that will accommodate densities of up to 30 dwelling units per acre. This would allow Area 3 to support a mix of market rate and affordable housing.

With the proposed density of up to 30 dwelling units per acre, this Area could experience redevelopment of underutilized and/or vacant parcels into amenity-rich housing development in a single phase.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the potential and realistic unit capacity for Area 3, it was assumed that 60 percent of the land area could accommodate new residential development. The remaining 40 percent is discounted to account for the development of non-residential uses and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop.

This density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households and units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA allocation percentages.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels in Area 3 are within and surrounded by Moderate Resource areas. The parcels within this Area do not fall within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT). However, this Area was analyzed to assess TCAC amenity scoring, which is based on proximity to schools, pharmacies, grocery stores, medical offices, parks and transit. Based on a preliminary survey, this Area would likely max out the amenity points on a 9% LIHTC application. The site is well positioned to accommodate lower-income residential development due to site size and proximity to amenities. The Area is also situated along the Long Beach Transit System – Routes 93, 103, 112, and 191 with headways every 30 minutes. 279

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ261ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ4ȱ–ȱClarkȬArtesiaȱȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 4 is comprised of 42 parcels totaling 13.5 acres off Clark Avenue between Ramona and Palm Streets, just south of the 91 freeway. This Area is located in the southern portion of the City - outside of the Downtown Specific Plan area - and is mostly developed with stand-alone commercial buildings and surface parking lots. Existing uses onsite, include auto repair, tire service, and retail uses. Surrounding this Area is a mix of multiple-residential uses such as low-density apartment communities and triplexes. The majority of the parcels identified in Area 4 were constructed in the mid 1950’s with a few constructed in the early 1900’s and one in 1990. The average land to improvement ratio for Area 4 is less than 1, indicating that there has been limited investments made over the last several decades. Of the 42 parcels, 22 are owned by six distinct entities, four are surface parking lots, and three others are vacant which may help facilitate lot consolidation and positions the Area well for redevelopment.

General Plan Designation: Commercial (C) and
Medium Density Residential
Zoning Designation: Light Industrial (M-1),
General Commercial (G-C), Medium Density
Residential (R-2)
Acreage: 13.5 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Moderate
Estimated Housing Potential: 192 units
Qualified Census Tract: No
Area 4 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 4 – Existing Zoning
280

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ262ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) and Medium Density Residential (M) land use designations. The Area is currently zoned with a mix of Light Industrial (M-1), General Commercial (C-G), and Medium Density Residential (R-2) which limit multi-family housing development. To facilitate the development of residential uses, the City would apply a housing overlay that will accommodate densities of up to 30 dwelling units per acre. This would allow Area 4 to support a mix of market rate and affordable housing. With the proposed density of up to 30 dwelling units per acre, this Area could experience redevelopment of underutilized and/or vacant parcels into amenity-rich housing development in several phases potentially by the various corners around the intersection of Clark Ave and Artesia Blvd.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the potential and realistic unit capacity for Area 4, it was assumed that 60 percent of the land area could accommodate new residential development. The remaining 40 percent is discounted to account for the development of non-residential uses and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop.

This is conservative given the recent development trends in the City skewing significantly towards residential development over non-residential development. Given recent development trends in the City, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved.With a proposed density of up to 30 dwelling units per acre, this Opportunity Area can conservatively accommodate at least 192 new housing units. The applied density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA allocation percentages.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels in Area 4 are within and surrounded by Moderate Resource areas. The parcels within this Area do not fall within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT). However, this Area was analyzed to assess TCAC amenity scoring, which is based on proximity to schools, pharmacies, grocery stores, medical offices, parks and transit. Based on a preliminary survey, this Area would likely max out the amenity points on a 9% LIHTC application. The site is well positioned to accommodate lower-income residential development due to site size and proximity to amenities. The Area is also situated along the Long Beach Transit System – Route 93 with headways roughly every 30 minutes.
281

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ263ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ5ȱ–ȱBellflower/Alondraȱ
ȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 5 is comprised of 52 parcels totaling 24.9 acres located near the intersection of Alondra and Bellfower Boulevards, two major arterial roadways that intersect the center of the City. Area 5 is just north of the planned Bellflower Metro station and within the Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD SP). The Area is currently developed with a mix of commercial and retail uses, including shops, restaurants, and strip malls in single-story stand alone buildings. There are also multiple parcels developed with single family homes that are considered non- conforming uses. The average parcel size for this Area is about half an acre and most parcels have a land to improvement ratio of less than one which indicates little investment in this Area has occurred over the last several decades. The majority of the structures in this Area were constructed in the mid 1950’s with a few exeptions. Based on the age of the structures and the low land-to-improvement value ratios this Area is ripe for redevelopment. The photos below, illustrate existing conditions of the buildings in Area

5.
General Plan Designation: Specific Plan
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan
Acreage: 24.9 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Low
and Moderate Resource
Estimated Housing Potential: 1,195 units
Qualified Census Tract: Yes
Area 5 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 5 – Existing Zoning
282

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ264ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) and High Density Residential (H) land use designations. Area 5 is located within the TOD Specific Plan, and zoned for General Commercial (C-G), Multiple Residential (R-3), and Medium Density Residential (R-2), but is also within the Bellflower/Alondra Mixed Use (BAMU) Overlay Zone which permits mixed use development. To facilitate increased residential uses, the City will remove Area 5 from the BAMU, and apply the existing Mixed Use Transit Overlay Zone-A of the TOD Specific Plan. The Mixed Use Transit Overlay Zone- A permits up to 100 units per acre, which is appropriate to facilitate market rate and affordable housing development around the future transit station, including a potential development utilizing Affordable Housing Sustainable Communities (AHSC) program funding. It is likely developments may have non-residential uses on the ground floor with residential above.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the realistic unit capacity for Area 5, it was conservatively assumed that 60 percent of the land would be for residential uses. The remaining 40 percent was discounted to account for non-residential development and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop. This is conservative given recent development trends in the City skewing significantly towards residential over non- residential development. Given recent development trends in surrounding jurisdictions, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved.. With a proposed density of up to 100 dwelling units per acre, this Opportunity Area can conservatively accommodate at least 1,195 new housing units. The applied density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels located to the west of Bellflower Boulevard along Alondra Boulevard are within a Moderate Resource area and the parcels to the east of Bellflower Boulevard are within a Low Resource area. The City of Bellflower has invested significant resources into the future of this Area, through the TOD Specific Plan which are intended to catalyze development and increase critical life outcomes, such as educational attainment, earnings from employment, and economic mobility for residents. The entire Area is within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT) and was also analyzed to assess TCAC amenity scoring, which is based on proximity to schools, pharmacies, grocery stores, medical offices, parks and transit. Based on a preliminary survey, all of the parcels in this Area would like maximize QCT and amenties points on a 9% LIHTC application. 283

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ265ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ6ȱ–ȱBellflowerȱFloraȬVistaȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 6 is comprised of 65 parcels totaling 14 acres located at the intersection of Flower Street and Bellfower Boulevard, just north of Artesia Freeway 91 and south of the Bellflower Bike Trail. Area 6 is just south of the planned Bellflower Metro station and within the Downtown Bellflower TOD Specific Plan. The Area is currently developed with commercial, retail, and mixed uses, including shops and restaurants, in single-and-multi-story buildings as well housing above ground floor retail uses. Parcels not fronting Bellflower Boulevard are primarily developed as surface parking lots. Several parcels in this Area are owned by the City of Bellflower. Other groups of parcels are under common ownership which can help facilitiate the acquisition and lot consolication process. Many of the structures in this Area were constructed prior to 1960 and have not been significantly improved which provides a great opportunity for redevelopment.

Located just south of the future transit station and within the City’s planned towncenter, this Area is well suited to redevelop into various high density mixed uses to maximize housing potential near high quality transit.

General Plan Designation: Specific Plan
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan
Acreage: 14.0 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate Resource
Estimated Housing Potential: 672 units
Qualified Census Tract: No
Area 6 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 6 – Existing Zoning
284

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ266ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) and High Density Residential (H) land use designations. Area 6 is located within the TOD Specific Plan, and zoned for Town Center Area (TC-1) and General Commercial (GC-1), but is also within the Bellflower Village North Overlay Zone (BV-N) which permits mixed use development. To facilitate increased residential uses, the City will remove Area 6 from the BV-N, and apply the Mixed Use Transit Overlay Zone-A of the TOD Specific Plan. The Mixed Use Transit Overlay Zone-A permits up to 100 units per acre, which is envisioned to provide opportunities for true mixed use development in the Downtown with residential uses to support ground floor retail and offices uses. The applicable density is suitable to facilitate market rate and affordable housing development south of the future transit station, including providing a great opportunity to leverage certain funding sources such as Affordable Housing Sustainable Communities (AHSC) program funding.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the realistic unit capacity for Area 6, it was assumed that 60 percent of the Area could accommodate residential uses. The remaining 40 percent was discounted to account for non-residential development and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop. This is conservative given recent development trends in the City skewing significantly towards residential over non- residential development. Given recent development trends in surrounding jurisdictions, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved.. With a proposed density of up to 100 dwelling units per acre, this Opportunity Area can conservatively accommodate at least 672 new housing units. The applied density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels located in Opportunity Area 6 along Bellflower Boulevard are within a Moderate Resource area. The City of Bellflower has invested significant resources into the future of this Area, through the TOD Specific Plan which are intended to catalyze development and increase critical life outcomes, such as educational attainment, earnings from employment, and economic mobility for residents. The parcels within this Area do not fall within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT). However, the based on a preliminary survey, all of the parcels in this Area would likely maximize QCT and amenity points on a 9% LIHTC application. The Area is also situated along the Long Beach Transit System – Routes 91 and 93, and Norwalk Transit System Route 1 with headways roughly every 30 minutes. 285

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ267ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ7ȱ–ȱBellflowerȬFlowerȱtoȱ91ȱFwyȱ
ȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 7 is comprised 71 parcels totaling 16.2 acres along Bellflower Boulevard, just north of the 91 Freeway. This Area is south of the planned Bellflower Metro station and some parcels fall within the Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD Specific Plan). Area 7 is currently developed with commercial and retail uses, including shops, restraurants, and office buildings in single-story stand alone buildings with ample surface parking. Most parcels in this Area measure less than a 0.25 acres in size which would require lot consolidation to increase redevelopment feasibility. This is possible, as several groups of parcels are under common ownership. With most structures in this Area built prior to 1970, the average land to improvement ratio is well below 1. Area 7 is one of the key downtown/town-center target areas for the city of Bellflower and is in enriched with nearby amenities as well as high quality transit.

General Plan Designation: Specific Plan,
Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan
Acreage: 16.2 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Moderate
Resource
Estimated Housing Potential: 311 units
Qualified Census Tract: No
Area 7 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 7 – Existing Zoning
286

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ268ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) land use designations for this Area. Within the Specific Plan, parcels north of Park Street are zoned for Town Center Area (TC-1) and Town Center Area 2 (TC-2). The area north of Park Street is also within the Bellflower Village Overlay Zone (BV) which permits mixed use development. To facilitate increased residential uses, the City will annex all parcels in Area 7 into the TOD Specific Plan area and will zone the entire Area, Mixed Use Transit Overlay Zone-B. The Mixed Use Transit Overlay Zone-B permits up to 40 units per acre, and is envisioned to provide opportunities for true mixed use development with residential uses above ground floor retail and offices uses.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the realistic unit capacity for Area 7, it was assumed that 60 percent of the Area could accommodate residential uses. The remaining 40 percent was discounted to account for non-residential development and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop. This is conservative given recent development trends in the City skewing significantly towards residential over non- residential development. Given recent development trends in the City, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved. . With a proposed density of up to 40 dwelling units per acre, this Opportunity Area can conservatively accommodate at least 311 new housing units. The applied density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels located in Opportunity Area 7 along Bellflower Boulevard are within a Moderate Resource area. The City of Bellflower has invested significant resources into the future of this Area, through the TOD Specific Plan which are intended to catalyze development and increase critical life outcomes. The parcels within this Area do not fall within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT). However, based on a preliminary survey, all of the parcels in this Area, they would likely maximize amenty points on a 9% LIHTC application. Given the Area’s proximity to high quality transit and it being classified as a Disadvantaged Community (DAC), there is a great opportunity for public-private partnerships to further transit-oriented mix use development along this corridor. The Area is also situated along the Long Beach Transit System – Route 91 with headways roughly every 30 minutes. 287

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ269ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ8ȱ–ȱBellflowerȬArtesiaȱȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 8 is comprised of 20 parcels totaling 8.7 acres located south of Bellflower Boulevard and Artesia Boulevard, near the 91 Freeway. The Area is currently developed with commercial, industrial, and retail uses, including shops and restaurants in single-story stand alone buildings and strip malls. Within this Opportunity Area, there are a number auto repair shops and used car sale businesses that appear dilapidated and/or underutilized. Large portions of the Area are also utilized as surface parking, primarily along the rear of retail and commercial businesses off Bellflower Boulevard. These parcels were identified for redevelopment as the structures onsite were constructed in the 1950’s and have an average land to improvement ratio of 0.6. Based on the low land-to-improvement value ratio, age of structures and low densities, this Area offers great potential for redevelopment. Additionally, one of the parcels is also owned by the City which could further faciliate the development of deed-restricted units.

Surrounding Opportunity Area 8 are a mix of multi-family housing developments and older individual retail storefronts.

General Plan Designation: Industrial (I),
Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: Design for Development
(DFD)
Acreage: 8.7 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Moderate
Estimated Housing Potential: 168 units
Qualified Census Tract: No

Area 8 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 8 – Existing Zoning
288

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ270ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Medium Density Residential (M) and Commercial (C) land use designations for this Area. The Area is zoned for Design for Development (DFD) which seeks to attract high sales tax generating retail uses that can benefit from high freeway accessibility. To facilitate the development of residential uses, the City would apply a housing overlay that will accommodate densities of up to 40 dwelling units per acre. Given the recent shift in market demands – increased residential and decreased non-residential – largely due to COVID-19 and the shift to online sales, this Area will benefit from the introduction of residential uses. The application of a housing overlay would allow Area 8 to support a mix of market rate and affordable housing. With the proposed density of up to 40 dwelling units per acre, this Area could experience redevelopment of underutilized and/or vacant parcels into amenity-rich housing development over ground floor retail in two or three phases.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the potential and realistic unit capacity for Area 8, it was assumed that 60 percent of the land area could accommodate new residential development. The remaining 40 percent is discounted to account for the development of non-residential uses and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop.

The applied density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA allocation percentages.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels located in Opportunity Area 8 along Bellflower Boulevard are within a Moderate Resource area. This Area does not fall within a QTC, however a preliminary survey of the Area, showed that all of the parcels would likely maximize the amenities points on a 9% LIHTC application. Area 8 is also situated along the Long Beach Transit System – Route 91 with headways roughly every 30 minutes and the Metro Bus Route 130. 289

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ271ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ9ȱ–ȱBellflowerȬArtesiaȱȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 9 is comprised of 23 parcels totaling 6.25 acres located off Bellflower Boulevard, between Cedar Street and Rose Street, just south of the 91 Freeway. This Area is currently developed with commercial, residential, and recreational uses including shops, restraurants, auto-related uses, and a mobile home park, in single- story stand alone buildings and strip malls. Most of the retail and commercial uses front Bellflower Boulevard and were developed from the 1940’s through the 1970s and many of the retail spaces are vacant. Several groups of parcels in this Area are under common ownership which could facilitate lot consolidation. Most of the parcels included in this Area have not been improved in at least a few decades resulting in a land to improvement ratio of less than 1. Based upon the age of the structures, the low land-to- improvement ratios, large surface parking lots, and vacancy rate of the retail spaces, this Area is ready for redevelopment and could accommodate high intensity uses.
General Plan Designation: Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: General Commercial (C-G)
Acreage: 6.3 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate Resource
Estimated Housing Potential: 121units
Qualified Census Tract: No
Area 9 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 9 – Existing Zoning
290

Cityȱ ofȱ Bellflowerȱ

2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ272ȱȱ
LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) land use designations for Area 9. The applicable zoning is General Commercial which does not support residential uses. To facilitate the development of residential uses, the City would apply a housing overlay that will accommodate densities of up to 40 dwelling units per acre. Given the recent shift in market demands – increased residential and decreased non-residential – largely due to COVID-19 and the shift to online sales, this Area will benefit from the introduction of residential uses. Surrounding Opportunity Area 9 there is a combination of multi-family residential uses including duplexes, triplexes and other detached multi-family residential options. This Area is also not far from the City’s planned towncenter, close to transit and in close proximity to various neighborhood- serving amenities. With the proposed density of up to 40 dwelling units per acre, this Area could experience redevelopment of underutilized and/or vacant parcels into amenity- rich housing development over ground floor retail, likely in two phases.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the potential and realistic unit capacity for Area 9, it was assumed that 60 percent of the land area could accommodate new residential development. The remaining 40 percent is discounted to account for the development of non-residential uses and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop.

This is conservative given the recent development trends in the City skewing significantly towards residential development over non-residential development. Given recent development trends in the City, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved.. With a proposed density of up to 40 units per acre, this Area can accommodate at least 121 new housing units. The applied density is appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA allocation percentages.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels located in Opportunity Area 9 are within a Moderate Resource area. This Area does not fall within a QTC, however it is classified as a Disadvantaged Community (DAC) which provides additional funding opportunities. A preliminary survey of the Area, showed that all of the parcels in this Area would likely maximize the amenities points on a 9% LIHTC application. Area 9 is also situated along the Long Beach Transit System – Route 91 with headways roughly every 30 minutes and the Metro Bus Route 130. 291

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2021Ȭ 2029ȱ Housingȱ Elementȱȱȱȱȱȱ273ȱȱ
OpportunityȱAreaȱ10ȱ–ȱLakewoodȬArtesiaȱȱ
Description:Opportunity Area 10 is comprised of ten parcels totaling 13.8 acres located off of Lakewood Boulevard, just south of the 91 Freeway. This Area is currently developed with commercial and retail uses, including an underutilized shopping center, restaurants and auto-related businesses. Existing uses are predominently single-story stand-alone buildings surrounded by surface parking. The largest parcel in this Area is Lakewood Plaza which is a sizable, 10.44 acres, and lost its anchor store, Stater Bros, several years ago. To the east of Lakewood Plaza, there are three parcels, totalling 2.5 acres, currently owned by the same owner and used for auto-related uses in single story detached buildings. Majority of the structures in this Area were constructed in the 1940s and 1970s, and have not been significantly improved over the years. With seven out of the 10 parcels having a land improvement ratio of less than 0.5 and several parcels operating under common ownership, there is a good potential for redevelopment in this Area. Surrounding Opportunity Area 10 are a number of underutilized or vacant sites as well as large narrow parcels accomodating multiple standalone residential dwellings.

General Plan Designation: Commercial
(C) and Industrial (I)
Zoning Designation: General Commercial
(C-G) and Light Industrial (M-1)
Acreage: 13.8 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Estimated Housing Potential: 199 units
Qualified Census Tract: No ĞůůĨůŽǁĞƌŽƵůĞǀĂƌĚArea 10 - Aerial View of Existing Uses Area 10 – Existing Zoning
292

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LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map and Zoning map show the Area as designated and zoned for Commercial (C) and Industrial (I) land uses. To facilitate the development of residential uses, the City would apply a housing overlay that will accommodate densities of up to 30 dwelling units per acre. Given the recent shift in market demands – increased residential and decreased non-residential – largely due to COVID-19 and the shift to online sales, this Area will benefit from the introduction of residential uses. With the proposed density of up to 30 dwelling units per acre, this Area could experience redevelopment of underutilized and/or vacant parcels into amenity- rich housing development over ground floor retail, likely in two or three phases.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the potential and realistic unit capacity for Area 10, it was assumed that 60 percent of the land area could accommodate new residential development. The remaining 40 percent is discounted to account for the development of non-residential uses and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop.

This is conservative given the recent development trends in the City skewing significantly towards residential development over non-residential development. Given recent development trends in the City, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved.. With a proposed density of up to 30 units per acre, this Area can accommodate at least 199 new housing units. The applied density is appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA allocation percentages.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels located in Opportunity Area 10 are within a Moderate Resource area. This Area does not fall within a QTC, however it is classified as a Disadvantaged Community (DAC) which provides additional funding opportunities. A preliminary survey of the Area, showed that all of the parcels in this Area would likely maximize the amenities points on a 9% LIHTC application. The site is well positioned to accommodate lower-income residential development due to site size and proximity to amenities. Area 10 is also situated along the Metro Bus Route 130.

OpportunityȱAreaȱ11ȱ–ȱBellflowerȱStationȱȱ
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Description:Opportunity Area 11 is comprised of four parcels totaling 7.2 acres located off of Bellflower Boulevard, just north of the Bellflower Bike Trail. This Area is currently developed with commercial and retail uses, including an underutilized shopping center, industrial businesses, and older mobile home communities. Most existing uses are single- story stand alone buildings primarily surrounded by surface parking. The largest parcel in this area is a mobile home community which has plans for redevelopment under Metro’s Specific Plan for the future transit station. There is also a parking lot at the corner of Bellflower Boulevard and the Bike Trail which is where the future transit station will be built.

LandȱUseȱRegulations:The City’s General Plan Land Use map shows Commercial (C) land use designations for Opportunity Area 11. Within the Specific Plan, Area 11 is zoned Mixed Use Transit Overlay which permits mixed use development regardless of underlying land use designation. The zoning permits up to 100 units per acre and identifies the site as a future transit station that could be combined with the development of residential General Plan Designation: Specific Plan
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan - General
Commercial (C-G) – Mixed Use Transit
Overlay
Acreage: 7.2 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Estimated Housing Potential: 346 units
Qualified Census Tract: Yes ĞůůĨůŽǁĞƌŽƵůĞǀĂƌĚArea 11 - Aerial View of Existing Uses Area 11 – Existing Zoning
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units. This Opportunity Area is envisioned to be developed with transit related and supporting uses that will revitalize the corridor and serve as a hub for active living and transportation. The applicable zoning is appropriate to facilitate a combination of market rate and deed-restricted affordable housing to complement the future transit station, including development in 3-4 phases, some of which could be financed using Affordable Housing Sustainable Commiunities (AHSC) program funding.

Capacityȱ Assumptions:To determine the realistic unit capacity for Area 11, it was assumed that 60 percent of the Area could accommodate residential uses. The remaining 40 percent was discounted to account for non-residential development and/or if a portion of the Area does not redevelop. This is conservative given recent development trends in the City skewing significantly towards residential over non- residential development. Given recent development trends in surrounding jurisdictions, the City is assuming that 80 percent of the permitted density can be achieved. With a proposed density of up to 100 dwelling units per acre, this Opportunity Area can conservatively accommodate at least 346 new housing units. The applied density would be appropriate to accommodate and facilitiate the development of housing for lower-, moderate- and above moderate-income households. The potential units have been distributed across the income groups in line with the City’s RHNA.

FinancingȱPotential:According to the 2021 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, the parcels in this Area within a Moderate Resource area. The City of Bellflower has invested significant resources into the future of this Area, through the TOD Specific Plan which are intended to catalyze development and increase critical life outcomes, such as educational attainment, earnings from employment, and economic mobility for residents. The entire Area is within a Qualified Census Tract (QCT) and was also analyzed to assess TCAC amenity scoring, which is based on proximity to schools, pharmacies, grocery stores, medical offices, parks and transit. Based on a preliminary survey, all of the parcels in this Area would like maximize QCT and amenties points on a 9% LIHTC application. The site is well positioned to accommodate lower-income residential development due to site size and proximity to amenities and bus stops for Metro Bus Route 130.
295

INITIAL STUDY AND

MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION
(MND NO. 21-01)

FOR THE PROPOSED 2021–2029 HOUSING ELEMENT,

DOWNTOWN BELLFLOWER TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

SPECIFIC PLAN AMENDMENT, AND REQUIRED ZONE CHANGES

TO THE MIXED USE OVERLAY ZONE

Applicant and Lead Agency:

City of Bellflower
16600 Civic Center Drive
Bellflower, California 90706

October 2021
296

297

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... III A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1

1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 1

2. California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Requirements ............................................ 1

3. Lead Agency ..................................................................................................................... 2

4. Circulation of Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration ......................................... 2

5. Contents of Initial Study .................................................................................................... 2 B. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED 2021-2029 HOUSING ELEMENT, DOWNTOWN

BELLFLOWER TOD SPECIFIC PLAN AMENDMENT, AND REQUIRED ZONE CHANGES TO THE MIXED USE OVERLAY ZONE ..................................................................... 3

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3

2. Area Background and Existing Conditions ........................................................................ 3

3. Existing General Plan and Zoning Land Use Designations ............................................... 6

4. Description of the Project .................................................................................................. 6

5. CEQA Analysis Methodology .......................................................................................... 15

6. environmental justice ....................................................................................................... 16

7. Public Participation .......................................................................................................... 17

8. Necessary Project Approvals .......................................................................................... 18 C. INITIAL STUDY/ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST FORM .......................................................... 19

1. Aesthetics ........................................................................................................................ 24

2. Agriculture and Forest Resources ................................................................................... 26

3. Air Quality ........................................................................................................................ 28

4. Biological Resources ....................................................................................................... 37

5. Cultural Resources .......................................................................................................... 39

6. Energy ............................................................................................................................. 41

7. Geology and Soils ........................................................................................................... 46

8. Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................................................................ 50

9. Hazards and Hazardous Materials .................................................................................. 54

10. Hydrology and Water Quality .......................................................................................... 58

11. Land Use and Planning ................................................................................................... 62

12. Mineral Resources .......................................................................................................... 63

13. Noise ............................................................................................................................... 64

14. Population and Housing .................................................................................................. 71

15. Public Services ................................................................................................................ 72

16. Recreation ....................................................................................................................... 74

17. Transportation ................................................................................................................. 75

18. Tribal Cultural Resources ................................................................................................ 82

19. Utilities and Service Systems .......................................................................................... 83

20. Wildfire ............................................................................................................................ 86

21. Mandatory Findings of Significance ................................................................................ 87 D. PREPARERS OF DOCUMENT AND CONSULTED PERSONS AND AGENCIES .................... 88 E. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 89

298

Appendices (provided on a USB drive located on the back cover) A Housing Opportunity Area Existing Land Use Descriptions B Air Quality and GHG Modeling Data
C Energy Data
D Noise Data
Figures
Figure 1 Regional Location .............................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2 Proposed Housing Element Opportunity Areas ................................................................. 5 Figure 3 TOD SPA Boundary Adjustments ................................................................................... 13

Tables
Table 1 Residential Unit Summary ......................................................................................................... 16 Table 2 Sources and Health Effects of Criteria Air Pollutants ................................................................. 28 Table 3 SCAQMD Significance Thresholds for Air Quality Impact Analysis ........................................... 30 Table 4 Estimated Maximum Regional Construction Emissions (pounds per day) ................................ 33 Table 5 Estimated Maximum Regional Operational Emissions (pounds per day) .................................. 34 Table 6 Energy Consumption Summary Associated with the Operation of the Proposed Project for the First Year of Build-Out (2022) .............................................................................. 44 Table 7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Comparison Summary ................................................................. 52 Table 8 City of Bellflower Use Sensitivity Noise Standards .................................................................... 65 Table 9 Construction Hours of Operations .............................................................................................. 66 Table 10 Guidelines for Noise Compatible Land Uses ........................................................................... 66 Table 11 Ground-Borne Vibration (GBV) Impact Criteria for General Assessment ................................ 69 Table 12 Caltrans Recommendations Regarding Levels of Vibration Exposure .................................... 69 Table 13 Baseline VMT for Southern Los Angeles County ..................................................................... 80 Table 14 VMT Calculation Summary ...................................................................................................... 80

299

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AB Assembly Bill
AQMP Air Quality Management Plan
ATP Active Transportation Plan
BAMU Bellflower/Alondra Mixed-Use
Basin Plan Los Angeles Region Basin Plan for the Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties
Basin South Coast Air Basin
BMP Best management practice
BSMWC Bellflower Somerset Mutual Water Company
BVOZ Bellflower Village Overlay Zone
BVOZ-N Bellflower Village Overlay Zone – North
CAAQS California ambient air quality standards
CAFÉ Corporate Average Fuel Economy
CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Cal OSHA California Occupational Health and Safety Administration CalEPA California Environmental Protection Agency
California Register California Register of Historical Resources Caltrans California Department of Transportation
CARB California Air Resources Board
CBC California Building Code
CCR California Code of Regulations
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
CDOC California Department of Conservation
CEC California Energy Commission
Central Basin Coastal Plain of Los Angeles Groundwater Basin CEQA Guidelines Section 15063 of the State California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
300

CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level
CO2 Carbon dioxide
DART Downey Area Recycling and Transfer Facility
dB Decibels
dBA A-weighted sound level
diesel PM Diesel particulate matter
DTSC California Department of Toxic Substances Control
EIR Environmental impact report
EO Executive Order
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ESA Environmental site assessment
FTA Federal Transit Administration
GHG Greenhouse Gas Emission
GSA Groundwater Sustainability Agency
HCD State of California, Department of Housing and Community Development HCP Habitat Conservation Plan
HOA Housing Opportunity Area
IS Initial Study
IS/MND Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration JWPCP Joint Water Pollution Control Plant
LACFD Los Angeles County Fire Department
LACSD Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts
LASD Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department
Leq Equivalent Continuous Sound Level
Lmax Maximum Sound Level
LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Metro Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority MND Mitigated Negative Declaration
301

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organizations
MTA Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority MTCO2e Metric Tons Of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NCCP Natural Community Conservation Plan
ND Negative Declaration
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NOX Oxides of Nitrogen
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
PE ROW Pacific Electric right-of-way
PM10 Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter PM2.5 Particulate Matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in diameter PPV Peak Particle Velocity
Proposed Project Proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment, and Required Zone Changes to the Mixed Use Overlay Zone
RHNA Regional Housing Needs Assessment
RTP Regional Transportation Plans
RTP/SCS Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
SB Senate Bill
SCAG Southern California Association of Governments
SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCE Southern California Edison
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
SPL Sound Pressure Level
SSMP Sewer System Management Plan
SWPPP Storm water pollution prevention plan
SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board
302

TAC Toxic Air Contaminant
TOD SP 2019 Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan TOD SPA Proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment
VdB Vibration Decibels
VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
WMP Waste Management Plan
WRD Water Replenishment District of Southern California WSAB West Santa Ana Branch

303

A. INTRODUCTION

1. PURPOSE
This document is an Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) for the Proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment, and Required Zone Changes to the Mixed Use Overlay Zone (Proposed Project). This IS/MND was prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), Public Resources Code 21000-21189 and CEQA Guidelines (14 California Code of Regulations Sections 15000-15387). This IS/MND evaluates potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of the Proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment (TOD SPA), and Required Zone Changes to the Mixed Use Overlay Zone. These three separate actions are collectively referred to as the Proposed Project. The residential density amendment within the TOD SPA and future zone changes are needed to ensure consistency between the Housing Element and the zoning regulations in the Bellflower Municipal Code (“BMC”). This document can be found at the Bellflower City Hall, 16600 Civic Center Drive, Bellflower CA 90706, phone: (562) 804-1424 and the State of California, Office of Planning and Research’s CEQAnet database.

2. CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT (CEQA) REQUIREMENTS As defined by Public Resources Code Section 21065, the Proposed Project constitutes a “project.” Consequently, an Initial Study (IS) is required to be prepared to determine the appropriate type of CEQA document to be prepared. As defined by CEQA Guidelines Section 15063, an Initial Study is prepared primarily to provide the Lead Agency with information to be used as the basis for determining whether an environmental impact report (EIR), negative declaration (ND), or mitigated negative declaration (MND) would be appropriate for providing the necessary environmental documentation and clearance for the proposed project.

Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15065, an EIR is appropriate for a particular proposal if the following conditions occur:
 The proposal has the potential to substantially degrade quality of the environment.  The proposal has the potential to achieve short-term environmental goals to the disadvantage of long-term environmental goals.
 The proposal has possible environmental effects that are individually limited but cumulatively considerable.
 The proposal could cause direct or indirect adverse effects on human beings.

Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15070(a), a Negative Declaration (ND) is appropriate if the proposal would not result in any significant effect on the environment.

Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15070(b), a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) is appropriate if it is determined that though a proposal could result in a significant effect, mitigation measures are available to reduce these significant effects to less than significant levels.

This IS determined that the Proposed Project would not result in any significant effect on the environment with the incorporation of the mitigation measures contained in this document and therefore, a MND is the appropriate document to provide the necessary environmental evaluations and clearance for the Proposed Project. This IS/MND document was prepared according to the aforementioned CEQA Guidelines and applicable requirements of the City of Bellflower. 304

This IS/MND provides decision-makers and the public with information that enables them to intelligently consider the environmental consequences of the Proposed Project; functions as a method for fact-finding; and provides the City, concerned citizens, and other applicable public agencies with an opportunity to collectively review and evaluate baseline conditions and environmental impacts through a process of full disclosure.

3. LEAD AGENCY
The City of Bellflower (City) is designated the Lead Agency, in accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15050 and will consider this IS/MND during public hearings for the Proposed Project.

4. CIRCULATION OF INITIAL STUDY AND MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION This IS/MND informs the City’s decision makers, other responsible or interested agencies, and the general public of potential environmental effects of the Proposed P roject. The environmental review process was established to allow public agencies to evaluate environmental consequences and to examine and implement methods of eliminating or reducing any potentially adverse impacts. While CEQA requires that consideration be given to avoiding environmental damage, the Lead Agency and other responsible public agencies must balance adverse environmental effects against other public objectives, including economic and social goals.

The IS/MND will be circulated for a period of 30 days for public and responsible agency review. Public notice will be placed in the Herald American, which is a newspaper of general circulation, and the City website ( www.bellflower.org) . The IS/MND can also be found on the State of California Office of Planning and Research’s CEQAnet database. Comments received on the IS/MND will be considered and addressed in a Response to Comments document.

5. CONTENTS OF INITIAL STUDY
This IS/MND document is organized to facilitate a basic understanding of the existing setting and environmental implications of the Proposed Project.

A. INTRODUCTION presents an introduction to the entire document. This section describes the scope of environmental review, environmental procedures, and contents of this IS/MND.

B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION describes the Proposed Project including the project location and surrounding uses, site background and existing conditions, existing planning and zoning, scope of environmental analysis, and necessary project approvals.

C. INITIAL STUDY/ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST FORM contains the City's Initial Study Checklist Form. The checklist form presents results of the environmental evaluation for the Proposed Project and those issue areas that would have either a significant impact, potentially significant impact, or no impact.

D. CHECKLIST RESPONSES evaluate each response provided in the Initial Study Checklist Form.

Each response checked in the checklist form is discussed and supported with sufficient data and analysis. As appropriate, each response discussion describes and identifies environmental impacts anticipated with the Proposed Project. Based upon the findings of the Initial Study Checklist, it has been determined that an MND will be prepared. Mandatory Findings of Significance in accordance with Section 15065 of the CEQA Guidelines are also presented.

E. PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED identifies those persons consulted and involved in preparation of this Initial Study.

F. SOURCES section lists bibliographical materials used in preparation of this document. 305

B. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED 2021-2029

HOUSING ELEMENT, DOWNTOWN BELLFLOWER TOD

SPECIFIC PLAN AMENDMENT, AND REQUIRED ZONE

CHANGES TO THE MIXED USE OVERLAY ZONE

1. INTRODUCTION
California law requires each city and county to adopt a General Plan containing at least eight elements including a Housing Element. The Housing Element, required to be updated regularly, is subject to detailed statutory requirements and review by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). The 2021-2029 Housing Element is an update of the City’s previous Housing Element for the 2014-2021 planning period, which was adopted by the Bellflower City Council on September 23, 2013 and certified by HCD on November 26, 2013.

Housing Element law requires local governments to adequately plan to accommodate their existing and projected housing needs, including their share of the regional housing need. Housing Element law is California’s primary market-based strategy to increase housing supply, choice, and affordability. The law recognizes that in order for the private for-profit and non-profit sectors to adequately address housing needs and demand, local governments must adopt land use plans and regulatory requirements that provide opportunities for, and do not unduly constrain, housing development.

The timing for jurisdictions to update their Housing Elements is based on the schedule of the regional transportation plans (RTPs) by the federally designated metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). The City is a member of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), which is the designated MPO for the region. SCAG is required to update its Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) every four years, which puts all member jurisdictions on a schedule to update their Housing Elements every eight years. The SCAG board adopted Connect SoCal (2020-2045 RTP/SCS) on September 3, 2020. For SCAG’s member jurisdictions, the 6th Cycle Housing Element planning period extends from October 15, 2021, through October 15, 2029. The location of the City of Bellflower within Los Angeles County is shown in Figure 1.

2. AREA BACKGROUND AND EXISTING CONDITIONS
As shown on Figure 2, 11 Housing Opportunity Areas (HOAs) were identified to accommodate the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) housing units mandated by the State of California, calculated by SCAG, and additional residential units associated with the related zoning actions (proposed TOD SPA and future zone changes to the Mixed-Use Overlay Zone). The HOAs contain a variety of existing land uses including residential, commercial, light industrial, mixed-use, and vacant parcels. A description of each of the HOAs existing land uses is include in Appendix A.

306

Source: adapted by Ascent Environmental in 2019
Figure 1 Regional Location
307

Source: adapted by Ascent Environmental in 2021
Figure 2 Proposed Housing Element Opportunity Areas
308

3. EXISTING GENERAL PLAN AND ZONING LAND USE DESIGNATIONS Existing General Plan land use designations for the eleven HOAs include: C (Commercial), M (Medium Density Residential), and H (High Density Residential).

Existing zoning for the HOAs include: C-G (General Commercial), M-1 (Light Industrial), R-2 (Medium Density Residential), T-C (Town Center) Area 1 and Area 2, DFD (Design for Development), Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD SP), Bellflower Alondra Mixed-Use (BAMU) Overlay Zone, Bellflower Village Overlay Zone – North (BVOZ-N) and Bellflower Village Overlay Zone (BVOZ).

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The proposed project includes the proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment, and future zone changes to Mixed-Use Overlay Zones. The Housing Element identifies 11 HOAs intended to accommodate the City’s HCD/SCAG RHNA residential unit allocation, plus additional residential units. The 11 HOAs are shown in Figure 2. The RHNA allocation for the City of Bellflower is 3,735 residential units, apportioned into lower, moderate, and above moderate-income categories. This unit total can be reduced by 705 units when applying housing units and accessory dwelling units that were recently issued occupancies. The RHNA unit total then is reduced to 3,030 units. To ensure that these RHNA units are constructed, the City increased residential densities within the Housing Element’s 11 HOAs that would result in the future construction of a total 3,500 units. Of this total, it is projected that 1,400 units, 525 units, and 1,575 units will accommodate lower, moderate, and above moderate-income categories, respectively. These future units help ensure that the City’s RHNA unit allocation will be satisfied.

In addition, the City will propose additional residential units beyond RHNA requirements to provide for a wide variety of housing opportunities throughout the City. For purposes of this IS/MND, an additional 647 units will be added to the 3,500 units that could be potentially constructed within the 11 HOAs, based on those increased densities being proposed in the Housing Element. Therefore, this IS/MND will evaluate and provide the necessary CEQA review of 4,147 total units.

A. 2021-2029 Housing Element
The California Legislature identified the attainment of a decent home and suitable living environment for every Californian as a major housing goal. Recognizing the important role of local planning programs in the pursuit of this goal, the Legislature mandated that all cities and counties prepare a Housing Element as part of their comprehensive General Plans. The Housing Element is one of seven mandated elements of the Bellflower General Plan, which provides policies and programs to meet both the existing and projected housing needs of varied income levels in the City.

Government Code Section 65588 requires that all local governments, including the City of Bellflower, update their respective Housing Elements at least once every eight years. The proposed Housing Element Update was prepared to comply with the Housing Element Law which establishes the requirements for Housing Elements, including the following:
 Analysis of employment trends.
 Projection and quantification of existing and projected housing needs for all income groups.  Analysis and documentation of the City’s housing characteristics, including cost for housing compared to ability to pay, overcrowding, and housing condition. 309

 An inventory of land suitable for residential development, including vacant sites and sites having redevelopment potential.
 Analysis of existing and potential governmental constraints upon the maintenance, improvement, or development of housing for all income levels.
 Analysis of existing and potential non-governmental (private sector) constraints upon maintenance, improvement, or development of housing for all income levels.  Analysis concerning the needs of the homeless.
 Analysis of special housing needs: handicapped, elderly, large families, farm workers, and female-headed households.
 Analysis of opportunities for energy conservation with respect to residential development.  Identification of Publicly Assisted Housing Developments.  Identification of Units at Risk of Conversion to Market Rate Housing.  Identification of the City’s goal relative to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing.
 Analysis of quantified objectives and policies relative to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing.
 Identification of adequate sites that will be made available through appropriate action with required public services and facilities for a variety of housing types for all income levels.  Identification of strategies to assist in the development of adequate housing to meet the needs of low and moderate-income households.
 Description of the Public Participation Program in the formulation of Housing Element Goals, Policies, and Programs.
 Description of the RHNA prepared by the SCAG.
 Review of the effectiveness of the past Element, including the City’s accomplishments during the previous planning period.

The proposed Housing Element was prepared to comply with these foregoing requirements and with the following recent amendments to the Housing Element law:
 SB 330 (Housing Crisis Act of 2019 and Changes to Permit Streamlining Act & Housing Accountability Act): is designed to speed up housing construction by reducing the time it takes to obtain building permits, limiting fee increases on housing applications, and requires that a local agency makes specified written findings based on evidence to deny an affordable housing development.
 AB 678, AB 1515, AB 3194, SB 330 (Housing Accountability Act): Expands and strengthens the provisions of the Housing Accountability Act by establishing limitations on a local government’s ability to deny, reduce the density of, or make infeasible housing development projects, emergency shelters, or farmworker housing that are consistent with objective local development standards and contribute to meeting housing need.
310

 AB 1397, AB 1486, AB 686, SB 6 (Housing Element Sites Inventory): Modifies the format and level of scrutiny of a jurisdiction’s inventory of land suitable and available for residential development to meet the regional housing need by income level.  AB 686 (Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing): All housing elements must now address how they are Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing and promoting housing opportunities throughout the community for protected classes.
 AB 881, AB 68, and SB 13 (Accessory Dwelling Units): Updates and clarifies requirements and laws regarding the creation of ADU and junior accessory dwelling units to address barriers to development.
 AB 1763 (Density Bonuses for Affordable Housing): Provides increased density and incentives for the production of developments that include moderate-income housing and additional incentives for affordable developments within ½ mile of a transit stop.  AB 1505 (Rental Inclusionary Housing Ordinances): Authorizes the legislative body of any city or county to adopt an inclusionary housing ordinance that includes residential rental units affordable to lower- and moderate-income households
 SB166 (No Net Loss Law): Requires jurisdictions to maintain an inventory of sufficient adequate sites that can meet their remaining unmet housing needs based on their Regional Housing Needs Allocation, especially for lower- and moderate- income households  AB 101 and SB 234 (Established “Uses by Right”): Requires jurisdictions to amend the Zoning Code to allow Low Barrier Navigation Center development to be a use by right, as defined, in areas zoned for mixed uses and nonresidential zones permitting multi-family uses if it meets specified requirements and allows large family daycare home to be treated as a residential use of property for purposes of all local ordinances.
 AB 1486, SB 6, and AB 1255 (Expansion of Surplus Land Act and Reporting): Promotes changes to the Surplus Land Act to turn unused public land into a public good by redeveloping unused public land into sites for affordable housing.

Key chapters of the Housing Element include the RHNA. This issue is discussed in the following section.

Regional Housing Needs Assessment
California law requires SCAG to calculate and distribute the RHNA to its member jurisdictions.

SCAG allocates housing production goals for the members based on their share of the region’s population and employment growth. The California Legislature finds that providing housing to meet the needs of all income levels is critical to the social and economic health of a city. Bellflower is required to plan for its income-based housing allocation to address its share of southern California region’s housing needs.

Bellflower’s RHNA for the 2021-2029 Housing Element planning period is 3,735 housing units. The housing allocation for each jurisdiction is divided into four household income categories used in Federal and State programs: Very Low (less than 50 percent of AMI); Low (51-80 percent of AMI); Moderate (81-120 percent of AMI); and Above-Moderate Income (over 120 percent of AMI).

Additionally, the City must project the number of extremely low-income housing needs based on Census income distribution or assume 50 percent of the very low-income units as extremely low. The City chose to evenly split the very low-income RHNA units between the two income categories. The allocations are further adjusted to avoid an over-concentration of lower-income households in any one jurisdiction.
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B. Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment To accommodate the Housing Element and increase future residential development within the Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD SP) area, the City proposes to amend the TOD SP. The following describes the original 2019 TOD SP and the amendments proposed to the TOD SP.
2019 Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan The purpose of the TOD SP was to prepare a transit-supportive document that guided the future land use, mobility, and economic development in the Specific Plan area. The TOD SP regulated future land uses, development, transportation improvements, economics, and utilities within the study area by providing development and design standards and guidelines. The Specific Plan included the following primary chapters: Introduction and Background (Chapter 1), Vision and Objectives (Chapter 2), Land Use Plan (Chapter 3), Development Standards (Chapter 4), Mobility Plan (Chapter 5), Infrastructure Plan (Chapter 6), Design Guidelines (Chapter 7), and Administration/Implementation Plan (Chapter 8).

Eco-Rapid Transit is a joint powers authority that was created to pursue development of a high-speed transit system, extending 40 miles from the City of Artesia to Bob Hope Airport, that is environmentally friendly and energy efficient. The Eco-Rapid Transit Corridor project was adopted into the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority’s (Metro) 2009 Long Range Transportation Plan and is scheduled to be built by 2027.

The West Santa Ana Branch (WSAB) Transit Corridor, which is also scheduled to be built by 2027, is the southern 20 miles of the Eco-Rapid Transit Corridor, running from Artesia to Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles, generally along the Pacific Electric right-of-way (PE ROW). As part of Measure R, which funds transit improvements through a half cent sales tax, $240 million was allocated to the WSAB Transit Corridor. This corridor which includes 14 cities and 15 proposed stations, was studied to explore the feasibility of bus rapid transit, street cars, light rail transit, or low speed maglev trains operating within the right-of-way. Of the 15 proposed station locations on the Eco-Rapid line, the Downtown Bellflower Station was one of six selected as prototype locations that would receive additional research.

The proposed Bellflower station could be located near Bellflower Boulevard and the PE ROW, at the northern edge of downtown Bellflower. The proposed station would be consistent with the City’s long- standing transit-oriented development vision, policies, and plans for downtown. In addition, it was a historic stop on the PE West Santa Ana Branch and is part of the City’s transportation heritage, now honored by the restored PE Depot. To support future economic development around Bellflower’s station area, Metro awarded the City a Transit Oriented Development Planning Grant to prepare a Specific Plan for a ½-mile radius around the proposed transit station location.

Chapter 1: Introduction and Background
This chapter describes the regional focus of any transit-oriented development; existing land uses within the downtown area; potential market demand; and relationship of the proposed Specific Plan with the City’s General Plan, zoning regulations, Downtown Revitalization Vision Strategy, Town Center Design Guidelines, North Downtown Land Use Economic Study, Bellflower-Paramount Bike and Trail Master Plan, and Gateway Cities Strategic Transportation Plan. This chapter also describes the public outreach process, meetings, and surveys that were undertaken to gather information and input.

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Chapter 2: Vision and Objectives
This chapter describes the vision and objectives of the TOD SP, which include the following policies:
 Modernize and consolidate existing regulations
 Plan for high-quality transit and a transit-supporting environment  Boost the economy and “Rediscover the Downtown”
 Extend public realm improvements
 Provide for a balanced mix of uses
Chapter 3: Land Use Plan
The Land Use Plan includes Planning Areas and land use classification areas. The TOD SP does not revise or change the development standards and requirements associated with the existing underlying zoning classifications and overlays zones, except to rename these zones as Planning Areas and subareas. The TOD SP continues to allow future mixed-use development similar to what would have been allowed under the existing underlying zoning classifications and overlay zones.

Therefore, those existing development standards that were included with each existing zoning classification and overlay zones continue to apply to the TOD SP . In other words, the TOD SP does not create new development standards, but instead, includes those existing development standards that would continue to regulate future development within the TOD SP area.

Chapter 4: Development Standards
The Development Standards chapter provides standards and regulations for future development and land uses within the Specific Plan area and describes how these regulations would be used as part of the City’s development review process. These Development Standards would help to implement the vision and objectives described in the Specific Plan. As discussed, most of the Specific Plan area is comprised of existing zoning classifications and overlay zones that already satisfy the primary purposes of the TOD SP. Therefore, those existing development standards that are included with each existing zoning classification and overlay zone would continue to apply to the TOD SP. In other words, the TOD SP does not create new development standards, but instead, included those existing development standards that would continue to regulate future development within the Specific Plan area.

Chapter 5: Mobility Plan
The Mobility Plan describes the circulation and other improvements to public streets and open space areas in relationship to the land uses that included in the TOD SP area. Based on its stated objectives, the Mobility Plan intends to provide and maintain a comprehensive circulation system that improves accessibility to transit; provides a safe and accessible bikeway and pedestrian network; promotes efficient use of parking; and integrates the future transit station with the Downtown area of the City.

The Mobility Plan incorporates those improvements that have already been either proposed or approved by other documents, including the following:
 Pathways: Those Pathway Arterials and Collectors that were approved with Metro’s “First and Last Mile Strategic Plan” were included into the Specific Plan. Bellflower Boulevard and Mayne Street were Pathway Arterials that would extend from the future transit station. Alondra Boulevard, Flower Street, Park Street, and the bike trail were Pathway Collectors that would feed into Pathway Arterials to reduce travel distances for non-motorized users. 313

 Street Network: The TOD SP provides guidance for design of the street network. Given that the existing street network for the TOD SP area and Downtown area were basically a grid system, the SP anticipates that the existing street network was sufficient to accommodate the SP and its land uses. Only minor improvements are proposed which included allowing shared automobile and bicycle travel within existing travel lanes that would be next to parking lanes; curb extensions; and traffic signal replacements.
 Bicycle Network: The TOD SP incorporates the Class I, Class II, and Class III bicycle and bike trail improvements that were previously approved by the “Bellflower-Paramount Bike and Trail Master Plan.”
 Sidewalk Network: The TOD SP recommends a sidewalk hierarchy comprised of three sidewalk levels: Level 1 (widest sidewalks), Level 2 (slightly narrower sidewalks), and Level 3 (narrowest sidewalks). The TODSP acknowledges that any sidewalk redesign and construction would be constrained due to insufficient ROW, utilities, grading, topography, and other constraints.

Therefore, the sidewalk hierarchy was provided just as a recommendation.  Street Trees: The TOD SP incorporates those street tree species that were previously approved by the “Bellflower Master Street Tree Master Plan.” The TOD SP did recommend minor improvements relating to the arrangement and street scale of trees along the sidewalk. In addition, the TODSP also recommended that the City incorporate sustainable landscape practices to achieve desirable landscaping aesthetics.
 Entries and Monumentation: The TOD SP recommends that the City consider providing greater attention to entries and monumentation improvements at key locations, including Laurel Street, Alondra and Bellflower Boulevards, Mayne Event Center, and the future transit station.  Bus Network: The TOD SP acknowledges that bus services may need to be re-routed to accommodate the future transit station. Future studies would need to be undertaken to determine future route connections, location of any new stop, and the frequency of bus service to serve future riders.
 Downtown Bellflower Train Station: The TOD SP acknowledges that Metro is proposing to extend its “West Santa Ana Branch Transit Corridor” through the City of Bellflower in the future.

Metro is currently undergoing the design and CEQA processes for the design of the transit station in Bellflower as part of its West Santa Ana Branch Transit Corridor project. The SP included illustrative and conceptual designs of the transit station site plan and elevations. These designs were merely conceptual and were not being proposed with the SP.

Chapter 6: Infrastructure Plan
The Infrastructure Chapter provides an overview of the existing conditions of the water, sewer, and storm drainage systems serving the Specific Plan area, along with any recommended upgrades to accommodate future development.

Chapter 7: Design Guidelines
Design Guidelines provided in the TOD SP to guide builders, engineers, designers, City staff, and decision-makers from conceptual design to implementation. The Design Guidelines should be used in conjunction with the Development Standards contained in this Specific Plan and the City zoning regulations. While the Design Guidelines promoted a quality design, they were not a set of rigid requirements. They were general and illustrative in nature and were intended to encourage creativity and variety on the part of designers. In some instances, one guideline could be relaxed in order to accomplish another, more important, guideline. The overall objective is to ensure that the intent and spirit of the design guidelines were followed to attain the best possible design solutions. 314

The following primary design principles have been established to reinforce the overall objectives of the TOD SP:
 Encourage Transportation Supportive Development: The TOD SP area should be designed so that pedestrians, bicyclists, and vehicles could all safely coexist by considering adequate land use densities, creating an inviting pedestrian environment, and providing amenities for multi- modal transportation including bicyclists, pedestrians, and transit riders. Conflict zones should be reduced. Non-vehicular traffic and circulation is encouraged. Convenient and comfortable pedestrian paseos connecting residential, commercial, and open space uses which improve pedestrian and vehicular circulation is encouraged.
 Create Vibrant Public Places: The TOD SP encourages the placement of buildings, street trees, attractive landscaping, decorative lighting, and pedestrian scaled amenities to help create a comfortable and memorable environment. Interesting building forms and facades could positively influence the pedestrian experience and help in generating pedestrian activity and increasing a sense of security. Human-scale details, signage, cohesive architectural imagery, pedestrian amenities and strong relationships between the buildings, sidewalks, and other outdoor spaces are encouraged.
 Promote High Quality Design: Building materials and landscaping should be chosen carefully for their ability to be maintained in a cost-effective manner at the same high quality as when they were originally installed. Buildings should incorporate sustainable design practices. The daylighting of buildings, the use of energy efficient appliances, and incorporating permeable surfaces are some of the ways to reduce energy demand and promote resource conservation.

Chapter 8: Administration/Implementation
This chapter explains the process for future project approvals, amendments, and interpretations; identified funding and financing mechanisms; provided a list of implementation actions and anticipated phasing; and provides an analysis of General Plan consistency.

CEQA Analysis for the 2019 TOD SP
The document entitled, “Downtown Bellflower Station Area Specific Plan Negative Declaration No.

ND 19-01,” was prepared and adopted by the City in 2019, to analyze and provide the necessary environmental clearance for the 2019 Transit-Oriented Specific Plan. The Notice of Determination was filed in 2019.

Proposed 2021 TOD SPA
The City is now proposing to amend the TOD SP to: (a) include more areas within the TOD SP area, (b) allow for more residential development within the Specific Plan area, and (c) simplify and improve the overall readability of the TOD S. The proposed TOD SPA is shown in Figure 3.  Include Additional Areas Within the TOD SP Area
Given the location of the future transit station in relation to the overall downtown Bellflower area, more area is being proposed for inclusion into the TOD SP. As proposed, a new segment of property along Bellflower Boulevard would be extended from the existing southern boundary of the existing Specific Plan area to the 91 Freeway. These new areas and properties are within the downtown and are located within close proximity to the future transit station to the north. Therefore, it is prudent and reasonable to allow these new areas and properties to also realize the same benefits that the Specific Plan provides other future development within the downtown area.

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Figure 3 TOD SPA Boundary Adjustments
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 Allow for More Residential Development Within the TOD SP Area The City is required by SCAG through its RHNA process to provide 3,735 residential units by 2029. To facilitate construction of these residential units, the Housing Element, which is being updated has identified 11 HOAs throughout the City, where these new residential units could be feasibly constructed. Four of these HOAs (Areas 5, 6, 7, and 11) are located within the TOD SP area. To facilitate future residential development within these four HOAs, the Specific Plan is being amended to allow for increased residential densities, as identified in the following:
 HOA 5: 100 dwelling units per acre (du/ac)
 HOA 6: 100 du/ac
 HOA 7: 40 du/ac
 HOA 11: 100 du/ac
 Simplify and Improve the Overall Readability of the TOD SP The proposed TOD SPA will replace the original 2019 TOD SP document. To simplify and improve the overall readability of the document, the proposed Specific Plan Amendment will replace the existing Bellflower Village Overlay Zone (BVOZ) and Bellflower Village Overlay Zone-North (BVOZ-N) with the Mixed Use Transit Oriented Zone-A or B (MUTOZ-A or B). The difference between MUTOZ-A and B relates to allowable residential density. MUTOZ-A will allow 100 du/ac, while MUTOZ-B will allow 40 du/ac. In addition, areas that are currently in the Bellflower/Alondra Mixed Use Overlay area (BAMU) will be included in MUTOZ-A, to eliminate duplication of development and design standards. This allows for greater flexibility for future residential developments to respond to the market, as the area evolves with the future inclusion of light rail and also allows for future residential units to be constructed so as to comply with the 2021-2029 Housing Element Update.

C. Zone Changes (Mixed Use Overlay Zone)
To ensure consistency with the Housing Element Update, the zoning for HOAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 will be amended in the future to allow for Mixed Use development, consistent with the above summarized density and boundary adjustments.

5. CEQA ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
This IS/MND analyzes potential environmental impacts resulting with the proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment, and future zone changes to Mixed-Use Overlay Zones. As discussed, the Housing Element identifies 11 HOAs, which will allow future construction of 4,147 residential units, to accommodate the City’s HCD/SCAG RHNA residential unit allocation, plus additional residential units. This IS/MND, therefore, focuses on analyzing the environmental impacts resulting with construction of these 4,147 units. Table 1 summarizes the residential unit allocation for each HOA. The actual number, location, and design of residential units that would be constructed per year is unknown, as it is driven by market demand and housing industry forces.

The following describes each of the 11 HOAs:
 HOAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 are stand-alone sites that have been identified to accommodate the above summarized residential units. Each of these HOAs will be covered by a Mixed Use Overlay Zone, as part of the future zone change process.
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 HOAs 5, 6, 7 and 11 are part of the aforementioned Transit-Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment and area.

Table 1
Residential Unit Summary
HOA Acreage Density
(du/ac) Capacity1 Potential
Units

1. Rosecrans-McNab 13.1 30 0.6 189

2. Clark-Alondra (Clark North) 3.75 30 0.6 54

3. Clark-Park (Clark Central) 3.7 30 0.6 53

4. Clark-Artesia (Clark South) 13.34 30 0.6 192

5. Bellflower-Alondra (Bellflower North) 24.9 100 0.6 1,195

6. Bellflower-Flora Vista (Bellflower Central) 14.0 100 0.6 672

7. Bellflower-Flower to 91 Freeway 16.2 40 0.6 311

8. Bellflower-Artesia (Bellflower South) A 8.75 40 0.6 168

9. Bellflower-Artesia (Bellflower South) B 6.28 40 0.6 121

10. Lakewood-Artesia (Stater Bros) 13.8 30 0.6 199

11. Bellflower Station 7.2 100 0.6 346
Additional Units 647
Total 125.02 4,147
1 Capacity for purposes of the Housing Element is assumed to be 60 percent. As noted above, capacity for the sites identified for 100 du/ac has been assumed to be 75 percent to allow for a more complete environmental analysis.

This IS/MND assumes that 75 percent of the proposed 647 additional units could be developed within HOAs 5, 6, and 11, which are located within the TOD SP area and have a density of 100 units/acre.

Further, this IS/MND provides the environmental evaluation and clearance for the 2021-2029 Housing Element and the related zoning actions (TOD SPA and future Mixed-Use Overlay zone changes).

Specific mitigation measures are recommended in this document to reduce potential environmental impacts to insignificant levels, where required. Existing City regulations, programs, requirements, and procedures that would reduce potential impacts will be referenced but are not considered specific mitigation measures, since these regulations, programs, etc. would be required for any development in the City, including housing projects anticipated by the proposed project.

Since actual development designs, and locations are not being proposed at this time, potential impacts are evaluated at a programmatic level in this IS/MND. Accordingly, the City will review all future residential development on a project-by-project basis and may require additional CEQA analyses and clearances as deemed necessary and appropriate.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Environmental justice (EJ) is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. This goal will be achieved when everyone enjoys:
 The same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards, and  Equal access to the decision-making process to have a healthy environment in which to live, learn, and work.
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Although EJ analysis is not specifically required in CEQA documents, California law requires the City to comprehensively address EJ issues. These include Senate Bill (SB) 1000 (2016); the California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool (CalEnviroScreen); and the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research’s (OPR) 2020 Updated EJ Element Guidelines. In particular, SB 1000 has provided impetus for jurisdictions to address EJ in community planning.

An additional measure of access to opportunities in the City is the Tax Credit Allocation Committee/HCD Opportunity Area Map – Environmental Score. The environmental score mirrors the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)’s approach to CalEnviroScreen 3.0, a risk assessment methodology based on twelve indicators used to measure the cumulative impacts of pollution-related exposures and environmental effects. Exposure indicators include: ozone concentrations, PM2.5 concentrations, diesel PM emissions, drinking water contaminants, pesticide use, toxic releases from facilities, and traffic density. Environmental effect indicators include: cleanup sites, groundwater threats, hazardous waste generators and facilities, impaired water bodies, and solid waste sites and facilities.

As documented in the proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, a less positive environmental outcome is expected in the area of the City identified by tract 5544.06. While this area is defined as a Moderate Resource Opportunity Area, its close proximity to State Route 91 and Interstate 605, nearby industrial land uses in the City of Cerritos, and proximate high traffic volume roadways, can create poor environmental quality. The pattern of poor environmental outcomes extends to nearby City of Artesia and City of Norwalk and is evident across most communities intersected by major traffic volumes across the County. The trends and factors that resulting in inequitable access to resources appear to stem from historical land use patterns. It is important to note that tract 5544.06 is the only census tract in the City with a non-minority population majority, based on 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. In addition, based on CalEnviroScreen 3.0, this census tract is not in top 25 percent of communities impacted by pollution and poor population characteristics, suggesting there is no indication of disproportionate number of pollution-related exposures or environmental effects for members of protected classes in this census tract as compared to the City or the region.

A shown in Figure 2, the 11 HOAs are distributed throughout the City, with several located along Bellflower Boulevard. One of the factors considered when identifying the HOAs, was the proximity to pollution-related exposures and environmental effects. Only portions of two of the eleven HOAs are located adjacent to a freeway (SR-91).

7. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
On March 18, 2021, the City held a virtual joint study session with the Planning Commission and City Council from 10-11:30 am. The public and stakeholder groups were invited to attend and participate.

The event was noticed on the City’s Planning and Building Services Department webpage, via social media including Facebook and Instagram, and emailed to individual stakeholders, including local service providers, affordable housing developers, and other community organizations. The joint study session sought to inform the Planning Commission, City Council, residents, and interested stakeholders of the 2021-2029 Housing Element process, the required contents of the element, discussed early strategies to meet the City’s regional housing need allocation, and solicited feedback from the Council, Commission, and community members on these strategies and other housing needs in Bellflower. The meeting was attended by all Councilmembers and Commissioners as well as five members of the public, including representatives from Kingdom Causes, a non-profit service provider in the City. During the meeting, the Housing Element consultant gave a presentation on the Housing Element and City staff presented the Housing Opportunity Areas that were being considered to accommodate the City’s RHNA. The purpose of the meeting was to solicit direct feedback on housing needs, barriers to fair and affordable housing, and opportunities for development from all community groups, not just those who are able to attend the study session and public hearings. 320

The City’s efforts to engage the public about the overall Housing Element effort included posting informational materials on their website and social media platforms. These materials included a Housing Element 101 video, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on the Housing Element update process, a demographic flyer on the City of Bellflower, and a survey with questions specific to housing. All materials were available starting in early March and the survey was left open for approximately six weeks from March 30 to May 15, 2021. Additionally, on April 29th, the City sent an email to community stakeholders informing them of the Housing Element and requested their engagement and input through the survey. Stakeholders included developers, nonprofit organizations, and other community groups, including: City Ventures, Province Group, Olson Company, Harbor Regional Center, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Moose Lodge, Mercy House, Ventana Homes, City Net, Serrano Development, Veneklasen Associates, Strategic Legacy Investment Group, Larsen, Gangloff and Larsen, C.P.A.s, Red Mountain Group, and Property Management Advisors. The Housing Element informational materials remain available on the City’s website to ensure residents have ongoing access to this information.

To further engage the community and understand housing issues and needs in the City, a housing survey was also developed and circulated for 6 weeks in spring 2021. Over this period, a total of 53 responses were received. According to the survey, most respondents (89 percent) were residents of the City of Bellflower. The primary concern that respondents raised were increased home ownership opportunities, access to services, and access to open spaces such as parks and community centers.

8. NECESSARY PROJECT APPROVALS
The proposed project evaluated by this IS/MND requires the following project discretionary actions:
 2021-2029 Housing Element Approval
 Downtown Bellflower TOD SPA Approval
 Zone Change (Mixed Use Overlay Zone) Approval, required to implement the Housing Element, RHNA and additional residential units
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C. INITIAL STUDY/ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST FORM
PROJECT TITLE: City of Bellflower 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan
Amendment, and Required Zone Changes to the Mixed Use
Overlay Zone
LEAD AGENCY AND ADDRESS: City of Bellflower
16600 Civic Center Drive
Bellflower, CA 90706
CONTACT PERSON: Elizabeth Corpuz
Director of Planning and Building Services
562-804-1424
PROJECT LOCATION: City of Bellflower
SPONSOR’S NAME AND ADDRESS: City of Bellflower
16800 Civic Center Drive
Bellflower, CA 90706
GENERAL PLAN DESIGNATIONS: C (Commercial), M (Medium Density Residential), and H (High Density Residential)
ZONING CLASSIFICATIONS: C-G (General Commercial), M-1 (Light Industrial), R-2 (Medium Density Residential), T-C (Town Center) Area 1
and Area 2, DFD (Design for Development), Downtown
Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan
(TOD SP), Bellflower Alondra Mixed-Use (BAMU) Overlay
Zone, Bellflower Village Overlay Zone – North (BVOZ-N)
and Bellflower Village Overlay Zone (BVOZ).

PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The City of Bellflower has identified 11 Housing Opportunity Areas (HOAs) intended to accommodate the 6th Cycle State of California, Department of Housing and Community
Development (HCD)/Southern California Association of
Governments (SCAG) Regional Housing Needs
Assessment (RHNA) residential unit allocation. The 11
development areas are depicted in Figure 1. The RHNA
allocation for the City of Bellflower is 3,735 residential units.

In addition to the RHNA allocated units, the City has added an additional 1,041 residential units throughout the 11 Housing Opportunity Areas (HOAs) to ensure that adequate development area and density is available to accommodate the residential units. The 229 units currently under
construction and 400 Accessory Dwelling Unit units were deducted from the RHNA unit count, for a net total of 4,147 residential units. The RHNA and additional residential units are summarized in Table 1.

ONSITE AND SURROUNDING
LAND USES AND SETTING: Varies – typically other residential, commercial, and industrial uses
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OTHER REQUIRED AGENCY
APPROVALS: State of California, Department of Housing and Community Development

OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS This Initial Study evaluates the potential environmental impacts associated with implementation of the Proposed
2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit
Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment, and
Required Zone Changes to the Mixed Use Overlay Zone.

The project includes up to 4,147 new residential units within 11 HOAs, located throughout the City. The specific location and timing of the residential unit construction is currently unknown and will be driven by market forces. As such, this environmental analysis assumes an average of 519
residential units constructed per year throughout the 11 HOAs and is programmatic in nature. Additional CEQA
analysis may be required at the time that specific individual residential development projects are proposed. No
unmitigated unavoidable adverse significant impacts would occur.

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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:

The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this project, involving at least one impact that is a “Potentially Significant Impact” as indicated by the checklist on the following pages.

Aesthetics Agriculture and Forest
Resources
Air Quality
Biological Resources Cultural Resources Energy
Geology / Soils Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Hazards / Hazardous
Materials
Hydrology / Water
Quality
Land Use / Planning Mineral Resources
Noise Population / Housing Public Services
Recreation Transportation Tribal Cultural Resources
Utilities / Service
Systems
Wildfire Mandatory Findings of
Significance
None None with Mitigation
Incorporated

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DETERMINATION (To be completed by the Lead Agency): On the basis of this initial evaluation:

On the basis of this initial evaluation:

I find that the proposed project could not have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.

I find that although the proposed project COULD have a significant effect on the environment, there WILL NOT be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.

I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required.

I find that the proposed project MAY have a “potentially significant impact” or “potentially significant unless mitigated” impact on the environment, but at least one effect 1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and 2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed.

I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required.

10/21/21

Rowena Genilo-Conception
Planning Manager
Planning and Building Services
City of Bellflower
Date

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EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

1. A brief explanation is required for all answers except “No Impact” answers that are adequately supported by the information sources a lead agency cites in the parentheses following each question.

A “No Impact” answer is adequately supported if the referenced information sources show that the impact simply does not apply to projects like the one involved (e.g., the project falls outside a fault rupture zone). A “No Impact” answer should be explained where it is based on project-specific factors as well as general standards (e.g., the project will not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based on a project-specific screening analysis).

2. All answers must take account of the whole action involved, including off-site as well as on-site, cumulative as well as project-level, indirect as well as direct, and construction as well as operational impacts.

3. Once the lead agency has determined that a particular physical impact may occur, then the checklist answers must indicate whether the impact is potentially significant, less than significant with mitigation, or less than significant. “Potentially Significant Impact” is appropriate if there is substantial evidence that an effect may be significant. If there are one or more “Potentially Significant Impact” entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required.

4. “Negative Declaration: Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated” applies where the incorporation of mitigation measures has reduced an effect from “Potentially Significant Impact” to a “Less Than Significant Impact.” The lead agency must describe the mitigation measures, and briefly explain how they reduce the effect to a less than significant level (mitigation measures from “Earlier Analyses,” as described in (5) below, may be cross-referenced).

5. Earlier analyses may be used where, pursuant to the tiering, program EIR, or other CEQA process, an effect has been adequately analyzed in an earlier EIR or negative declaration. CEQA Guidelines Section 15063(c)(3)(D). In this case, a brief discussion should identify the following:
a) Earlier Analysis Used. Identify and state where they are available for review. b) Impacts Adequately Addressed. Identify which effects from the above checklist were within the scope of and adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and state whether such effects were addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis.
c) Mitigation Measures. For effects that are “Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures Incorporated,” describe the mitigation measures which were incorporated or refined from the earlier document and the extent to which they address site-specific conditions for the project.

6. Lead agencies are encouraged to incorporate into the checklist references to information sources for potential impacts (e.g., general plans, zoning regulations). Reference to a previously prepared or outside document should, where appropriate, include a reference to the page or pages where the statement is substantiated.

7. Supporting Information Sources: A source list should be attached, and other sources used or individuals contacted should be cited in the discussion.

8. This is only a suggested form, and lead agencies are free to use different formats; however, lead agencies should normally address the questions from this checklist that are relevant to a project’s environmental effects in whatever format is selected.

9. The explanation of each issue should identify:
a) the significance criteria or threshold, if any, used to evaluate each question; and b) the mitigation measure identified, if any, to reduce the impact to less than significance.

10. Throughout the Initial Study checklist and analysis, the proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment, and Required Zone Changes to the Mixed Use Overlay Zone are referred to as the Proposed Project. 326

1. AESTHETICS
Issues (and Supporting Information Sources):

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
I. Aesthetics.

Except as provided in Public Resources Code section 21099 (where aesthetic impacts shall not be considered significant for qualifying residential, mixed-use residential, and employment centers), would the project:
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway?

c) In non-urbanized areas, substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage points.) If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality?

d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area?

Discussion
a) A scenic vista is defined as a viewpoint that provides expansive views of a highly valued landscape for the benefit of the general public. The City’s General Plan Open Space/Recreation Element addresses the management of natural resources and the preservation and enhancement of scenic and recreation opportunities in the City. The City of Bellflower is urbanized and developed with commercial, industrial, residential, and public uses and structures. The HOAs consist of developed commercial and industrial properties and vacant lots along major transportation corridors within the City, including Bellflower Boulevard, Alondra Boulevard, Artesia Boulevard, and Clark Avenue.

Based on a review of the General Plan, no designated scenic vistas were identified within the HOAs.

Because no designated scenic vistas were identified within the HOAs, the proposed discretionary actions and any new housing units would not result in a substantial adverse effect on any scenic vista.

Adoption of the 2021-2029 Housing Element would ultimately allow for residential development within the 11 HOAs that could be higher density than the existing surrounding residential land uses, resulting in an urban intensification. Existing land uses within the 11 HOAs are described in Appendix A. Since specific projects and designs are not currently being reviewed by the City, it is difficult to evaluate specific impacts at this time. However, given that the City does not include any scenic vistas, it can be concluded that any future residential development will not result in an adverse impact. To further ensure that impacts will not occur, the City will review all future projects on a case by case basis and establish mitigation measures and/or conditions of approval to alleviate any potential visual impacts.
b) According to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), there are no eligible or officially designated state scenic highways within or in proximity to the City of Bellflower. The nearest eligible state scenic highway is a segment of Route 1 that begins approximately 6 miles south of the HOAs. Because the Proposed HOAs areas are not within or visible from a state scenic highway, the proposed discretionary actions and any new housing units would not damage scenic resources within a state scenic highway. No impact would occur. 327

c) The Proposed HOAs are located in the City of Bellflower and within the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, which is largely developed and urbanized. The HOAs consist of commercial, industrial, and residential properties and vacant lots along major transportation corridors within the City. Existing zoning designations for the HOAs include C-G (General Commercial), M-1 (Light Industrial), R-2 (Medium Density Residential), T-C (Town Center) Area 1 and Area 2, DFD (Design for Development).

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately result in the likely physical development of new residential housing within the 11 HOAs. Additional City review of future residential development applications is required before the approval of specific residential projects. These proposed actions are designed to accommodate the development of 4,174 housing units to meet the City’s RHNA. The Proposed Project would allow residential development as a permitted use within areas zoned for commercial/retail and industrial uses and would allow for increased density in areas that already allow residential development. The Proposed Project would change the type and intensity of development that is permitted within the HOAs; however, visual impacts associated with mixed- use residential development would be generally similar to those that would occur under the existing zoning designation for these areas.

No specific housing units are currently proposed. Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. As a condition of approval, any future housing units would need to comply with applicable zoning requirements (e.g., floor area ratio and building height and setback requirements), applicable City development standards (e.g., architecture and design guidelines), and other regulations governing scenic quality. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality. Impacts would be less than significant. d) The Proposed HOAs consist of developed commercial, industrial, and residential properties and vacant lots along major transportation corridors within the City. Existing light sources are typical of an urban area and include exterior and interior lighting from buildings, as well as vehicles and streetlamps on roadways.

Since specific projects and designs are not currently being reviewed by the City, it is speculative to evaluate specific impacts at this time. Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. Although new light fixtures and additional vehicles in the Proposed HOAs could increase spillover light and glare onto adjacent land uses, any future housing units would need to comply with applicable performance standards in the Bellflower Municipal Code governing light and glare. Lighting would be downward shielded and of similar intensity as existing lighting. Therefore, the proposed discretionary actions and any new housing units would not adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area. Impacts would be less than significant.

328

2. AGRICULTURE AND FOREST RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
II. Agriculture and Forest Resources.

In determining whether impacts to agricultural resources are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to the California Agricultural Land Evaluation and Site Assessment Model (1997, as updated) prepared by the California Department of Conservation as an optional model to use in assessing impacts on agriculture and farmland.

In determining whether impacts to forest resources, including timberland, are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to information compiled by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection regarding the state’s inventory of forest land, including the Forest and Range Assessment Project and the Forest Legacy Assessment project; and forest carbon measurement methodology provided in Forest Protocols adopted by the California Air Resources Board.

Would the project:
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps
prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use?

b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use or a Williamson Act contract?

c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))?

d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non- forest use?

e) Involve other changes in the existing environment, which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use?

Discussion
a) The Proposed HOAs are located in the City of Bellflower and within the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, which is largely developed and urbanized. These areas consist of commercial, industrial, and residential properties and vacant lots along major transportation corridors within the City. The California Department of Conservation (CDOC) Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program does not classify any lands within the City as Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland). The City, including all Proposed HOAs, are classified by the CDOC as urban and built-up land (CDOC 2016). Because no Farmland was identified within the Proposed HOAs, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in the conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use. No impact would occur. b) The California Land Conservation Act of 1965, commonly referred to as the Williamson Act, enables local governments to enter into contracts with private landowners for the purpose of restricting specific parcels of land to agricultural or related open space use. In return, landowners receive property tax assessments which are much lower than normal because they are based upon farming and open space uses as opposed to full market value.

As discussed under Threshold a), above, the Proposed Project areas are largely developed and urbanized. Existing zoning designations for the Proposed HOAs include C-G (General Commercial), M-1 (Light Industrial), R-2 (Medium Density Residential), T-C (Town Center) Area 1 and Area 2, DFD (Design for Development) (City of Bellflower 2018). Accordingly, these areas are not zoned for agricultural use. No land within the City is enrolled in a Williamson Act contract (CDOC 2017). 329

Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use or a Williamson Act contract. No impact would occur. c-d) As discussed under Thresholds a) and b) above, the Proposed HOAs are largely developed and urbanized. These areas consist of commercial, industrial, and residential properties and vacant lots along major transportation corridors within the City. Existing zoning designations for the proposed HOAs include C-G (General Commercial), M-1 (Light Industrial), R-2 (Medium Density Residential), T-C (Town Center) Area 1 and Area 2, DFD (Design for Development) (City of Bellflower 2018). Accordingly, these areas are not zoned for forest land or timberland. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land or timberland. In addition, these actions would not result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use. No impact would occur. e) As discussed under Thresholds a) through d) above, no Farmland or forest land is present in the Proposed HOAs or in surrounding areas within the City. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in changes in the environment that would result in the conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use or the conversion of forest land to non-forest use.

No impact would occur.

330

3. AIR QUALITY

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
III. Air Quality.

Where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management district or air pollution control district may be relied on to make the following determinations.

Would the project:
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan?

b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard?

c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant
concentrations?

d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people?

Environmental Setting
Criteria Air Pollutants
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for six criteria air pollutants, which are known to be harmful to human health and the environment: carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter (which is categorized into particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter [PM10] and particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in diameter [PM2.5]), and sulfur dioxide. The State of California established the California ambient air quality standards (CAAQS) for these six pollutants, as well as for sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, vinyl chloride, and visibility-reducing particles. NAAQS and CAAQS were established to protect the public from adverse health impacts caused by exposure to air pollution. A brief description of the criteria air pollutants and their effects on health is provided in Table 2.

Table 2
Sources and Health Effects of Criteria Air Pollutants
Pollutant Sources Acute1 Health Effects Chronic2 Health Effects
Ozone (O3) Secondary pollutant
resulting from reaction of
VOC and NOX in presence
of sunlight. VOC
emissions result from
incomplete combustion
and evaporation of
chemical solvents and
fuels; NOX results from the
combustion of fuels
Increased respiration and
pulmonary resistance; cough,
pain, shortness of breath, lung
inflammation
Permeability of
respiratory epithelia,
possibility of permanent
lung impairment
Carbon
monoxide
(CO)
Incomplete combustion of
fuels; motor vehicle
exhaust
Headache, dizziness, fatigue,
nausea, vomiting, death
Permanent heart and
brain damage
331

Pollutant Sources Acute1 Health Effects Chronic2 Health Effects
Nitrogen
dioxide
(NO2)
Combustion devices; e.g.,
boilers, gas turbines, and
mobile and stationary
reciprocating internal
combustion engines
Coughing, difficulty breathing,
vomiting, headache, eye irritation,
chemical pneumonitis, or
pulmonary edema; breathing
abnormalities, cough, cyanosis,
chest pain, rapid heartbeat, death
Chronic bronchitis,
decreased lung function
Sulfur dioxide
(SO2)
Coal and oil combustion,
steel mills, refineries, and
pulp and paper mills
Irritation of upper respiratory tract,
increased asthma symptoms
Insufficient evidence
linking SO2 exposure to
chronic health impacts
Respirable
particulate
matter (PM10),
Fine
particulate
matter (PM2.5)
Fugitive dust, soot, smoke,
mobile and stationary
sources, construction, fires
and natural windblown
dust, and formation in the
atmosphere by
condensation and/or
transformation of SO2 and
VOC
Breathing and respiratory
symptoms, aggravation of existing
respiratory and cardiovascular
diseases, premature death
Alterations to the
immune system,
carcinogenesis
Lead Metal processing Reproductive/ developmental
effects (fetuses and children)
Numerous effects
including neurological,
endocrine, and
cardiovascular effects
1 “Acute” refers to effects of short-term exposures to criteria air pollutants, usually at fairly high concentrations. 2 “Chronic” refers to effects of long-term exposures to criteria air pollutants, usually at lower, ambient concentrations.

Notes: NOX = oxides of nitrogen; VOC = volatile organic compounds Sources: EPA 2018
The project site is located in the South Coast Air Basin (Basin), which includes all of Orange County and the non-desert regions of Los Angeles County, Riverside County, and San Bernardino County.

The Basin is currently designated as nonattainment for both the federal and State ozone standards, the State PM10 standard, and the federal and State PM2.5 standard. The region is designated as in attainment or unclassifiable for all other NAAQS and CAAQS (CARB 2019 and EPA 2021).

Toxic Air Contaminants
Toxic air contaminants (TACs), or in federal parlance, hazardous air pollutants are a defined set of airborne pollutants that may pose a present or potential hazard to human health. A TAC is defined as an air pollutant that may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or in serious illness, or that may pose a hazard to human health. TACs are usually present in minute quantities in the ambient air; however, their high toxicity or health risk may pose a threat to public health even at low concentrations.

According to the California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality (CARB 2013), the majority of the estimated health risks from TACs can be attributed to relatively few compounds, the most important being diesel particulate matter (diesel PM). Diesel PM differs from other TACs in that it is not a single substance, but rather a complex mixture of hundreds of substances. Although diesel PM is emitted by diesel-fueled internal combustion engines, the composition of the emissions varies depending on engine type, operating conditions, fuel composition, lubricating oil, and whether an emissions control system is being used. In addition to diesel PM, the TACs for which data are available that pose the greatest existing ambient risk in California are benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, carbon 332

tetrachloride, hexavalent chromium, para-dichlorobenzene, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, and perchloroethylene.

Odors
Odors are generally regarded as an annoyance rather than a health hazard. However, manifestations of a person’s reaction to foul odors can range from psychological (e.g., irritation, anger, or anxiety) to physiological (e.g., circulatory, and respiratory effects, nausea, vomiting, and headache). Odor sources of concern include wastewater treatment plants, landfill and composting facilities, petroleum refineries, chemical manufacturing plants, painting/coating operations, and food processing facilities.

Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are generally considered to include those land uses where exposure to pollutants could result in health-related risks to sensitive individuals, such as children or the elderly. Residential dwellings, schools, hospitals, playgrounds, and similar facilities are of primary concern because of the presence of individuals particularly sensitive to pollutants and/or the potential for increased and prolonged exposure of individuals to pollutants. Sensitive receptors are located throughout the City.

Air Quality Planning
The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), which has jurisdiction over the Basin, has established numeric indicators of significance specific to construction activity. Based on the indicators in the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook (1993), the Proposed Project would potentially cause a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or State ambient air quality standard, shown in Table 3.

Table 3
SCAQMD Significance Thresholds for Air Quality Impact Analysis Pollutant
Mass Daily Thresholds (lb/day)
Construction Operation
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) 100 55
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 75 55
Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 150 150
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 55 55
Oxides of Sulfur (SOX) 150 150
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 550 550
Lead and Lead Compounds 3 3
TACS
TACs
(Including carcinogens and
noncarcinogens)
Maximum Incremental Cancer Risk ≥ 10 in 1 million
Cancer Burden > 0.5 excess cancer cases (in areas ≥ 1 in 1 million)
Chronic & Acute Hazard Index ≥ 1.0 (project increment)
Source: SCAQMD 2019
Similarly, the operational numerical emissions indicators in the SCAQMD Air Quality Handbook are used for determining impact significance of operational emissions. SCAQMD established numeric indicators of significance in part based on Section 182(e) of the Clean Air Act which identifies 10 tons per year of volatile organic compounds (VOC) as a significance level for stationary source emissions in extreme nonattainment areas for ozone (SCAQMD 1993). The Basin is designated as extreme nonattainment for ozone. SCAQMD converted this significance level to pounds per day for ozone 333

precursor emissions (10 tons per year × 2,000 pounds per ton ÷ 365 days per year = 55 pounds per day). The thresholds of significance were developed by SCAQMD with the purpose of attaining the NAAQS and CAAQS. The NAAQS and CAAQS identify concentrations of pollutants in the ambient air below which no adverse effects on the public health and welfare are anticipated. Therefore, for CEQA purposes, these thresholds of significance can be used as numeric methods to demonstrate that a project’s total emissions would not result in a significant impact to air quality or an adverse effect on human health. Based on the indicators in the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook, the Proposed Project would result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard if the daily regional emissions thresholds would be exceeded, shown in Table 3.

SCAQMD Rules and Regulations
All projects are subject to SCAQMD rules and regulations in effect at the time of activity, including:
 Rule 402, Nuisance. This rule is intended to prevent the discharge of pollutant emissions from an emissions source that results in a public nuisance. Specifically, this rule prohibits any person from discharging quantities of air contaminants or other material from any source such that it would result in an injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public. Additionally, the discharge of air contaminants would also be prohibited where it would endanger the comfort, repose, health, or safety of any number of persons or the public, or that cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. This rule does not apply to odors emanating from agricultural operations necessary for the growing of crops or the raising of fowl or animals.
 Rule 403, Fugitive Dust. This rule is intended to reduce the amount of particulate matter entrained in the ambient air as a result of anthropogenic (human-made) fugitive dust sources by requiring actions to prevent, reduce, or mitigate fugitive dust emissions. Rule 403 applies to any activity or human-made condition capable of generating fugitive dust, and requires best available control measures to be applied to earth moving and grading activities. In general, the rule prohibits new developments from the installation of wood-burning devices.  Rule 445, Wood Burning Devices. This rule is intended to reduce the emission of particulate matter from wood-burning devices and applies to manufacturers and sellers of wood-burning devices, commercial sellers of firewood, and property owners and tenants that operate a wood- burning device.
 Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings. This rule serves to limit the VOC content of architectural coatings used on projects in the SCAQMD. Any person who supplies, sells, offers for sale, or manufactures any architectural coating for use on projects in the SCAQMD must comply with the current VOC standards set in this rule.

Discussion
a) The Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) was adopted by SCAQMD as a program to lead the Basin into compliance with the NAAQS and CAAQS (SCAQMD 2017). It relies on emissions forecasts based on demographic and economic growth projections provided by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Transportation Plan and Sustainable communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) (SCAG 2020). SCAG’s RTP/SCS was developed to increase mobility options and develop a sustainable transportation network by reducing single occupancy vehicle trips. The SCAQMD recommends that, when determining whether a project is consistent with the current AQMP, a lead agency must assess whether the project would directly obstruct implementation of the AQMP and whether it is consistent with the demographic and economic assumptions (typically land use related, such as resultant employment or residential units) upon which the AQMP is based (SCAQMD 1993).
334

The City’s Housing Element is a General Plan policy document based on the regional housing need allocation provided by SCAG. The Housing Element proposes to replace existing nonresidential land uses with residential land uses which would displace emissions from existing vehicle uses. Furthermore, several development areas of the Housing Element are to be located within the TOD SP, which is intended to guide land use, mobility, and economic development within Downtown Bellflower and support multimodal transportation and further reducing emissions from transportation. Because the Housing Element would align with the goals of the RTP/SCS, it would be consistent with the growth projections used in the AQMP. Thus, implementation of the Proposed Project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of the SCAQMD AQMP. As a result, this impact would be less than significant.
b) The SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook identifies whether a project would result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non- attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard through maximum pounds per day significance thresholds. The thresholds were developed to bring the Basin into attainment for the NAAQS and CAAQS and to be protective of human health.

Construction Emissions of Criteria Pollutants and Precursors Construction-related activities would generate emissions of VOC, oxides of nitrogen (NOX), PM10, and PM2.5 associated with demolition, off-road equipment, materials deliveries, worker commute trips, and other miscellaneous activities (e.g., paving and application of architectural coatings).

Fugitive dust emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 would be associated primarily with demolition and grading and vary as a function of soil silt content, soil moisture, wind speed, and acreage of disturbance. PM10 and PM2.5 are also contained in the exhaust from off-road equipment and on- road vehicles. Emissions of ozone precursors, ROG, and NOX, would be associated primarily with construction equipment and on-road mobile exhaust. The application of architectural coatings and paving results in off-gas emissions of VOC.

To estimate the construction emissions associated with the Housing Element residential units, a specific methodology was employed. Housing Element residential units were equally apportioned over the eight-year Housing Element horizon to all the proposed development areas, based on proposed densities and development area acreages. Therefore, construction emissions were estimated based on a yearly timeframe to assess a representative scenario of how development could occur. The first year of construction was modeled to occur in 2022 because this would be the most conservative analysis due to fleet turnover and the potential increase in efficiency of construction equipment engine technology compared to the future years of the Housing Element development period. Additionally, the first year of construction was estimated to develop an average of 518 housing units which accounts for a larger growth rate than the City’s historic growth rate of 201 total housing units from 2010 to 2020. To accommodate the change in land uses from nonresidential to residential, it was assumed that 50 percent of the existing nonresidential land uses within the development areas would be replaced with new residential units. The 50 percent replacement factor allows for mixed use development to occur on parcels with existing nonresidential development or new proposed mixed-use development and allow for infill development. Therefore, 50 percent of the existing uses were considered to be demolished to accommodate the proposed residential units. For specific construction assumptions and modeling inputs, refer to Appendix B. Table 4 summarizes the modeled maximum daily emissions from construction activities over the first potential year of construction under the Proposed Project. 335

Table 4
Estimated Maximum Regional Construction Emissions (pounds per day) a Regional Emissions ROG NOX CO SO2 PM10
Total b
PM2.5
Total b
2022 18.44 70.02 35.38 0.20 29.27 6.19
Maximum Daily Emissions 18.44 70.02 35.38 0.20 29.27 6.19 SCAQMD Thresholds 75 100 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Indicators? No No No No No No
a Estimated emissions values are provided in the Appendix B. b PM10 and PM2.5 emissions estimates are based on compliance with SCAQMD Rule 403 requirements for fugitive dust suppression.

Source: Modeling performed by Ascent Environmental, Inc. in 2021 SCAQMD’s regional thresholds are intended to maintain or achieve attainment designations in the Basin with respect to the CAAQS and NAAQS. If a project does not exceed SCAQMD’s thresholds and does not contribute to nonattainment designations, it would not exacerbate or interfere with the region’s ability to attain the health-based ambient air quality standards.

Furthermore, the lack of exposure of criteria air pollutants that may exceed the NAAQS and CAAQS would avoid health impacts. Because the Proposed Project’s construction phase emissions would be below SCAQMD’s recommended thresholds under this representative analysis, the Proposed Project would not result in cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard. Because the ambient air quality standards are established to be protective of public health, adverse health impacts to receptors from regional emissions are not anticipated due to the Proposed Project’s emissions being below SCAQMD’s thresholds.

Therefore, with respect to regional construction emissions, impacts would be less than significant.

Operational Emissions of Criteria Pollutants and Precursors Operational emissions associated with housing units identified in the Proposed Project could result in the generation of ROG, NOX, and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from mobile, energy, and area-wide sources. Mobile-source emissions of criteria pollutants and precursors would result from vehicle trips generated by residents and visitors, as well as deliveries made to residences. Energy and area-wide sources would include the combustion of natural gas for space and water heating (i.e., energy use), the use of landscaping equipment and other small equipment, the periodic application of architectural coatings, and ROG from the use of consumer products. To accommodate the change in land uses of this Housing Element, it was assumed that 50 percent of the existing nonresidential land uses within the development areas would be replaced with new residential units. The 50 percent replacement factor allows for mixed use development to occur on parcels with existing nonresidential development or new proposed mixed-use development. Therefore, 50 percent of the existing uses were netted out from proposed operational emissions.

Table 5 summarizes the maximum daily operational-related emissions of criteria air pollutants during the horizon year of the Housing Element (i.e., 2030) for the maximum number of housing units advised by the Housing Element. Emissions were calculated based on proposed land uses and adjusted trip lengths to match project-specific vehicle miles traveled (VMT) estimated by the City. As shown in Table 5, operations-related activities would result in daily emissions of VOC, NOX, PM10 and PM2.5, that do not exceed the SCAQMD-recommended thresholds of significance. 336

Table 5
Estimated Maximum Regional Operational Emissions (pounds per day) a Source VOC NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Existing Land Uses b
Area (Consumer Products,
Landscaping, Architectural Coating)

16.18 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
Energy (Natural Gas) 0.04 0.35 0.30 0.00 0.03 0.03
Mobile 84.79 91.92 718.97 1.37 129.88 35.52
Total Emissions 101.00 92.27 719.34 1.37 129.90 35.55
Proposed Project
Area (Consumer Products,
Landscaping, Architectural Coating)
106.67 65.85 367.57 0.41 6.90 6.90
Energy (Natural Gas) 1.60 13.68 5.82 0.09 1.11 1.11
Mobile 47.72 45.94 455.43 1.02 124.29 33.55
Total Project Emissions 155.99 125.46 828.83 1.52 132.30 41.56 Net Emissions
Area (Consumer Products,
Landscaping, Architectural Coating)

90.50 65.85 367.50 0.41 6.90 6.90
Energy (Natural Gas) 1.56 13.33 5.52 0.09 1.08 1.08
Mobile -37.08 -45.98 -263.54 -0.35 -5.59 -1.98
Net Total 54.98 33.19 109.49 0.14 2.40 6.00
Maximum Daily Emissions 54.98 33.19 109.49 0.14 2.40 6.00 SCAQMD Thresholds 55 55 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Indicators? No No No No No No
a Emission quantities are rounded to “whole number” values. As such, the “total” values presented herein may be one unit more or less than actual values. Estimated emissions values are provided in Appendix B. b Includes 50 percent of the existing nonresidential uses.

Source: Modeling performed by Ascent Environmental in 2021 c) Particulate exhaust emissions from diesel-fueled engines (i.e., diesel PM) were identified as a TAC by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in 1998. The potential cancer risk from the inhalation of diesel PM outweighs the potential for all other health impacts (i.e., non-cancer chronic risk, short-term acute risk) and health impacts from other TACs (CARB 2003). With regard to exposure of diesel PM, the dose to which receptors are exposed is the primary factor used to determine health risk. Dose is a function of the concentration of a substance or substances in the environment and the duration of exposure to the substance. Dose is positively correlated with time, meaning that a longer exposure period would result in a higher level of health risk for any exposed receptor. Thus, the risks estimated for an exposed individual are higher if a fixed exposure occurs over a longer period. According to the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, when a Health Risk Assessment is prepared to project the results of exposure of sensitive receptors to selected compounds, exposure of sensitive receptors to TAC emissions should be based on a 70- or 30-year exposure period; however, such assessments should be limited to the duration of activities associated with the proposed project if emissions occur for shorter periods (OEHHA 2015:5-23, 5-24).
337

The TAC that is the focus of this analysis is diesel PM because it is known that diesel PM would be emitted during project construction and operations from diesel-fueled internal combustion engines. Although other TACs exist (e.g., benzene, 1,3-butadiene, hexavalent chromium, formaldehyde, methylene chloride), they are primarily associated with industrial operations and the Proposed Project would not include any industrial sources of other TACs.

Construction-related activities would result in temporary, intermittent emissions of diesel PM from the exhaust of off-road equipment used during demolition and construction and on-road heavy- duty trucks. On-road diesel-powered haul trucks traveling to and from the construction area to deliver materials and equipment are also a source of diesel PM; however, their operations would be dispersed throughout the roadway network in the area and they would not operate at any one location for extended periods of time such that they would expose a single receptor to excessive diesel PM emissions.

Based on the construction-related emissions modeling conducted (see Appendix B), maximum daily emissions of exhaust PM2.5, which diesel PM is a subset of, would be an estimated 6.19 pounds per day during the first year of construction. The first year of construction is likely to be the most conservative estimate due to equipment efficiency increasing over the build-out timeframe. A portion of these emissions would be due to haul trucks traveling and to and from housing sites.

Construction-related TAC emissions would not expose sensitive receptors to an incremental increase in cancer risk greater than 10 in 1 million, cancer burden greater than 0.5, or a hazard index greater than 1.0. The low exposure level reflects the (i) relatively low mass of diesel PM emissions that would be generated by construction activity in the plan area; (ii) low emission exposure due to construction occurring throughout the City and not exposing the same receptors over the planning horizon; (iii) the relatively short duration of diesel PM-emitting construction activity in the City; and (iv) the highly dispersive properties of diesel PM. Therefore, the impact with respect to construction-related TACs is less than significant.

Implementation of the Proposed Project would result in vehicle trips associated with residential development, which would result in diesel PM emissions in and around the HOAs. Diesel-powered trucks associated with deliveries could contribute additional diesel PM emissions. However, with implementation of the Proposed Project, daily maximum emissions of diesel PM are anticipated to be a net reduction of approximately 21 pounds per day based on replacement of 50 percent of existing nonresidential uses with residential units. As a result, the concentration of vehicle trips near sensitive land uses associated with implementation of the Proposed Project would be reduced from existing conditions, and implementation of the Proposed Project would not result in exposure of new or existing sensitive receptors to additional TACs from regular and frequent visits by diesel-powered haul trucks. Further, the Proposed Project would not involve a net increase in industrial land uses that could generate TAC emission or result in the long-term operation of any stationary sources which generate substantial TACs. Sensitive receptors are documented in the existing land use summary for the 11 HOAs in Appendix A.

Considering the highly dispersive properties of diesel PM, the relatively low mass of diesel PM emissions that would be generated at any single site during the construction and operation of new housing and the relatively short period during which diesel PM-emitting construction activity would take place in proximity of sensitive receptors, TACs are not anticipated to result in the exposure of sensitive receptors to an incremental increase in cancer risk that exceeds 10 in one million, cancer burden of 0.5, or a hazard index of 1.0 or greater.

SCAQMD’s localized significance thresholds were not evaluated because this is a plan level analysis and future discretionary projects would need to address these impacts individually. As a result, this impact would be less than significant. Since specific projects and designs are not 338

currently being reviewed by the City, it is difficult to evaluate specific impacts at this time.

However, given that the AQ analysis has concluded that ultimate construction of the total units will not result in any significant AQ impacts, it can be concluded that AQ impacts for individual project will likewise, not result in any significant AQ impact. To further ensure that impacts will not disturb any sensitive receptor, the city shall review all future projects on a case-by-case basis and establish mitigation measures and/or conditions of approval to alleviate potential impacts to any nearby sensitive receptor.
d) With respect to odors, the Proposed Project would be considered significant if it created objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people.

Construction
Potential activities that may emit odors during construction activities include the use of architectural coatings and solvents and the combustion of diesel fuel in on- and off-road equipment. Compliance with SCAQMD Rule 1113 would limit the number of VOCs in architectural coatings and solvents. The Proposed Project would comply with the applicable provisions of the CARB Air Toxics Control Measure regarding idling limitations for diesel trucks. In addition, construction activities would be temporary and intermittent over the project horizon and would not expose receptors to odors for long periods of time. Through mandatory compliance with rules and regulations, no construction activities or materials are expected to create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. Therefore, construction of the Proposed Project would result in less than significant impact with respect to odors. Impacts to nearby receptors would be less than significant.

Operations
According to the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook, land uses associated with odor complaints typically include agricultural uses, wastewater treatment plants, food processing plants, chemical plants, composting, refineries, landfills, dairies, and fiberglass molding. The Proposed Project does not include any uses identified by SCAQMD as being associated with substantial odors. As a result, the Proposed Project is not expected to discharge contaminants into the air in quantities that would cause a nuisance, injury, or annoyance to the public or property pursuant to SCAQMD Rule 402. Therefore, the Proposed Project would not create adverse odors affecting a substantial number of people and impacts would be less than significant.

339

4. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
IV. Biological Resources.

Would the project:
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special-status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?

b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?

c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means?

d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites?

e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?

f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan?

Discussion
a) The City of Bellflower is located within southern Los Angeles County and is highly urbanized.

Accordingly, the potential for candidate, sensitive, or special status species or habitats is low within City limits and thus at the Proposed HOAs. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) California Natural Diversity Database identifies six candidate, sensitive, or special status species or habitats within the Whitter quadrangle, which includes the City of Bellflower. These include the western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis), bank swallow (riparia riparia), coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), least Bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), crotch bumble bee (Bombus Crotchii), and the California Orcutt grass (Orcuttia californica). Implementation of the Proposed Project would not expand the existing footprint of currently developed areas or introduce any land uses that would adversely affect biological resources. However, the Proposed HOAs are already developed with a variety of urban land uses with limited landscaping, and no native vegetation is present on the sites. Therefore, the Proposed Project is not expected to result in impacts to species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status. No impact would occur. b) The Proposed HOAs are highly developed and urbanized. No riparian habitat or other sensitive natural communities are present on the sites. Thus, the Proposed Project would not result in a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by CDFW or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. No impact would occur.
c) The Proposed HOAs are highly developed and urbanized. No wetlands are present in the Proposed HOAs or in the surrounding area. Thus, the Proposed Project would not have an adverse effect on any state or federally protected wetlands. No impact would occur. 340

d) The Proposed HOAs are entirely disturbed with a variety of existing urban land uses. The Proposed HOAs are surrounded by urban development. Due to the highly developed nature of the HOAs and their surroundings, this area is not designated as a native resident or migratory wildlife corridor. The Proposed Project would not interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites. No impact would occur. e) The City has local policies( BMC § 12.08.090) or regulations that protect specific biological resources, including tree preservation. Thus, the Proposed Project would comply with the regulations and not conflict with any local policies or regulations protecting biological resources. No impact would occur. f) The City is not regulated by any Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP) or Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) (CDFW 2019). Thus, the Proposed Project would not conflict with the provisions of an adopted HCP, NCCP, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. No impact would occur.

341

5. CULTURAL RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
V. Cultural Resources.

Would the project:
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to Section 15064.5?

b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to Section 15064.5?

c) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of dedicated cemeteries?

Discussion
a) A historical resource is defined in CEQA Guidelines § 15064.5(a)(3) as any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript determined to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California. Historical resources are further defined as being associated with significant events, important persons, or distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; representing the work of an important creative individual; possessing high artistic values; or yielding information important in prehistory or history. Resources listed in or determined eligible for the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register), included in a local register, or identified as significant in a historic resource survey are also considered historical resources under CEQA.

According to CEQA Guidelines § 15064.5(b), a project with an effect that may cause substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant impact on the environment. Substantial adverse change is defined as physical demolition, relocation, or alteration of a resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially impaired.

According to the Conservation Element of the City’s General Plan, the City does not include sites listed on the California Register or National Register of Historic Places (City of Bellflower 1994).

However, buildings with historical significance may be located within the City and within the Proposed HOAs. Since the specific locations of proposed residential units are currently unknown within the Proposed HOAs, it is not yet known whether any future housing developments would affect historic structures. Therefore, impacts to historical resources would be potentially significant, and implementation of mitigation measure MM-CUL-1 would be required. The impact would be reduced to a less-than-significant with implementation of this mitigation measure.

MM-CUL-1: In the event that historic resources are identified during the individual residential project entitlement process, a historical resource assessment must be completed so that the resource can be evaluated. The project applicant must retain a qualified (pursuant to City requirements) architectural historian to determine whether or not the resource is significant. If the resource is determined to be potentially significant, the architectural historian, in consultation with the City, will develop a mitigation plan.

b) The Proposed HOAs are mostly developed with commercial or office/industrial uses, though there are some vacant areas. The potential for archaeological materials to be present within the Proposed HOAs is considered low because the areas have been previously disturbed. However, although unlikely, there is the potential for previously unknown subsurface artifacts to be encountered during ground-disturbance activities. Therefore, impacts to archaeological resources would be potentially significant, and implementation of mitigation measure MM-CUL-2 would be required. Implementation of this mitigation measure would reduce this impact to a less-than-significant level.

MM-CUL-2: Should archaeological resources be discovered during ground-disturbing activities, the project contractor must halt or redirect ground-disturbing activities away from the vicinity of the find so that the find can be evaluated. The project applicant must retain a qualified (pursuant to City requirements) archaeologist and Native American monitor to determine whether or not the find is significant. If the find is determined to be potentially significant, the archaeologist, in consultation with the City and appropriate Native American monitor(s) and group(s) (if the find is a prehistoric or Native American resource), will l develop a treatment plan. Construction activities must be redirected to other work areas until the treatment plan has been implemented or the qualified archaeologist determines that work can resume in the vicinity of the find. c) The Proposed HOAs are mostly developed and were previously disturbed. Therefore, the potential for human remains is deemed to be low considering the developed nature of the sites. Future residential projects would be required to comply with Health and Safety Code § 7050.5 and Public Resources Code § 5097.98, which ensure proper handling of any inadvertent human remain finds.

Thus, impacts to human remains would be less than significant.

343

6. ENERGY

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
VI. Energy.

Would the project:
a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?

b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency?

Environmental Setting
The following sources of energy are utilized in Los Angeles County and may be utilized by future development pursuant to the Proposed Project.
 Natural gas: Almost two-thirds of California households use natural gas for home heating, and about half of California’s utility-scale net electricity generation is fueled by natural gas (EIA 2021).  Petroleum: Petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel), which are consumed almost exclusively by the transportation sector, account for almost 99 percent of the energy used in California by the transportation sector, with the rest provided by ethanol, natural gas, and electricity (Bureau of Transportation Statistics 2017). Between January 2007 and May 2016[ an average of approximately 672 billion gallons of gasoline were purchased in California (California State Board of Equalization 2016). Gasoline and diesel fuel sold in California for motor vehicles is refined in California to meet specific formulations required by CARB (EIA 2021).  Electricity and renewables: The California Energy Commission (CEC) estimates that 34 percent of California’s retail electricity sales in 2018 was provided by Renewables Portfolio Standard- eligible renewable resources (EIA 2021).
 Alternative fuels: Conventional gasoline and diesel may be replaced (depending on the capability of the vehicle) with many alternative transportation fuels (e.g., biodiesel, hydrogen, electricity). Use of alternative fuels is encouraged through various statewide regulations and plans (e.g., Low Carbon Fuel Standard, California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan [2017 Scoping Plan]).

Southern California Edison (SCE) is a regulated public utility that provides electricity to 15 million people within a 50,000-square-mile service area across central, coastal, and southern California (SCE 2021). SCE obtains electricity from a variety of sources, including SCE-owned facilities and other private and publicly owned facilities that provide electricity through contracts and agreements.

Electricity is generated from a variety of energy sources, including nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric, and a mix of other renewable resources (SCE 2020). In 2019, SCE achieved a renewable energy procurement rate of 35 percent (SCE 2020).

Regulatory Setting
Warren-Alquist Act
The 1974 Warren-Alquist Act established the California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission, now known as CEC. The Act was created as a response to the California Legislature’s review of studies projecting an increase in statewide energy demand, which would potentially encourage the development of power plants in environmentally sensitive areas. The Act established State regulations for siting power plants to reduce potential environmental impacts and 344

sought to reduce demand for these facilities by directing CEC to develop statewide energy conservation measures to reduce wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary uses of energy.

Conservation measures recommended establishing design standards for energy conservation in buildings that ultimately resulted in the creation of the Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (California Energy Code), which are updated regularly and remain in effect today. The act additionally directed CEC to cooperate with the Office of Planning and Research, the California Natural Resources Agency, and other interested parties in ensuring that a discussion of wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary consumption of energy is included in all environmental impact reports required on local projects.

State of California Energy Action Plan
CEC is responsible for preparing the State Energy Plan, which identifies emerging trends related to energy supply, demand, conservation, public health and safety, and the maintenance of a healthy economy. The current plan is the 2003 California Energy Action Plan (2008 update). The plan calls for the State to assist in the transformation of the transportation system to improve air quality, reduce congestion, and increase the efficient use of fuel supplies with the least environmental and energy costs. To further this policy, the plan identifies a number of strategies, including assistance to public agencies and fleet operators in implementing incentive programs for zero-emission vehicles and addressing their infrastructure needs, and encouragement of urban design that reduces VMT and accommodates pedestrian and bicycle access.

Transportation-Related Regulations
EPA and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have issued rules to reduce greenhouse gas emission (GHG) emissions and improve Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for light-duty vehicles for model years 2017 and beyond (77 Federal Register 62624).

NHTSA’s CAFE standards have been enacted under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act since 1978. This national program requires automobile manufacturers to build a single light-duty national fleet that meets all requirements under both Federal programs and the standards of California and other states. The purpose of this program is to increase fuel economy and limit vehicle emissions, including carbon dioxide emissions, of cars and light-duty trucks (77 Federal Register 62630).

The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Rule, promulgated by NHTSA and EPA in 2020, set new CAFE standards for passenger cars and light-duty trucks, model years 2021–2026 (NHTSA and EPA 2020). This rule also revoked a waiver granted by EPA to the State of California under Section 209 of the Clean Air Act to enforce more stringent emission standards for motor vehicles than those required by EPA for the explicit purpose of GHG reduction and, indirectly, criteria air pollutant and ozone precursor emission reduction (NHTSA and EPA 2020). Various regulatory and planning efforts are aimed at reducing dependency on fossil fuels, increasing the use of alternative fuels, and improving California’s vehicle fleet. Senate Bill (SB) 375 aligns regional transportation planning efforts, regional GHG emission reduction targets, and land use and housing allocation. CARB, in consultation with the metropolitan planning organizations, provides each affected region with reduction targets for GHGs emitted by passenger cars and light trucks in their respective regions for 2020 and 2035. The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) serves as the MPO for the Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura counties. SCAG adopted its 2020 SoCal Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) with a planning horizon year of 2045. In March 2018, the CARB adopted the target update for the SB 375 targets, tasking SCAG to achieve an 8 percent and a 19 percent per capita reduction below 2005 levels by 2020 and 2035, respectively (SCAG 2020).

Under Assembly Bill (AB) 2076 (Chapter 936, Statutes of 2000), CEC and CARB prepared and adopted a joint agency report in 2003, Reducing California’s Petroleum Dependence. Included in this report are recommendations to increase the use of alternative fuels to 20 percent of on-road transportation fuel use by 2020 and 30 percent by 2030, significantly increase the efficiency of motor vehicles, and reduce per capita VMT (CEC and CARB 2003). 345

AB 1007 (Chapter 371, Statutes of 2005) required CEC to prepare the State Alternative Fuels Plan to increase the use of alternative fuels in California.

In January 2012, CARB approved the Advanced Clean Cars program, which combines the control of GHG emissions and criteria air pollutants, as well as requirements for greater numbers of zero- emission vehicles, into a single package of standards for vehicle model years 2017–2025. The program’s zero-emission vehicle regulation requires battery, fuel cell, and/or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to account for up to 15 percent of California’s new vehicle sales by 2025.

Renewable Energy Regulations
California enacted legislation requiring the increasing use of renewables to produce electricity for consumers. California utilities are required to generate 33 percent of their electricity from renewables by 2020 (SB X1-2 of 2011), 52 percent by 2027 (SB 100 of 2018), 60 percent by 2030 (also SB 100 of 2018), and 100 percent by 2045 (also SB 100 of 2018).

California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6) The energy consumption of new residential and nonresidential buildings in California is regulated by Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations which establish Building Energy Efficiency Standards (California Energy Code). The California Energy Code was promulgated by CEC in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to create uniform building codes to reduce California’s energy consumption and provide energy efficiency standards for residential and nonresidential buildings. CEC updates the California Energy Code every 3 years with more stringent design requirements for reduced energy consumption, which results in the generation of fewer GHG emissions. In 2016, CEC updated the California Energy Code, effective January 1, 2017. CEC estimates that the 2016 California Energy Code is 28 percent more efficient than 2013 California Energy Code for residential construction and is 5 percent more efficient for nonresidential construction.

The 2019 California Energy Code was adopted by CEC on May 9, 2018 and applies to projects constructed after January 1, 2020. The 2019 California Energy Code is designed to move California closer to its zero-net energy goals for new residential development. It does so by requiring all new residences to install enough renewable energy to offset all the electricity needs of each residential unit (24 Cal. Code of Regs. § 150.1(c)(4)). CEC estimates that the combination of mandatory on-site renewable energy and prescriptively required energy efficiency standards will result in a 53-percent reduction in new residential developments as compared to the 2016 California Energy Code.

Nonresidential buildings are anticipated to reduce energy consumption by 30 percent as compared to the 2016 California Energy Code primarily through prescriptive requirements for high-efficiency lighting (CEC 2018). The Energy Code is enforced through the local plan check and building permit process. Local government agencies may adopt and enforce additional energy standards for new buildings as reasonably necessary because of local climatologic, geologic, or topographic conditions, provided that these standards exceed those provided in the California Energy Code.

Discussion
a) Implementation of the Proposed Project would result in the consumption of energy resources during construction and operation.

Energy would be consumed during construction to operate and maintain construction equipment and transport construction materials. It also would be consumed for worker commutes and material and equipment haul trips. Levels of construction-related fuel consumption were calculated using equipment assumptions consistent with CalEEMod Version 20.4.0 and fuel consumption factors from EMFAC 2021. Though construction of units contemplated in the Proposed Project is expected to occur over the eight-year timeframe, energy was modeled for the first year of construction. As construction equipment becomes more fuel efficient with time, modeling the first year of construction would be the most conservative estimate of yearly energy 346

consumption. The energy use for the first year of construction was then multiplied by eight to estimate the total use from all construction activities of the Proposed Project. See Appendix C for detailed calculations. An estimated total of 361,596 gallons of gasoline and 258,340 gallons of diesel would be consumed during the eight years of construction, accounting for both on-site equipment use and off-site vehicle travel for worker commutes and haul trips.

The energy needs for construction would be temporary and are not anticipated to require additional capacity or substantially increase peak or base period demands for electricity and other forms of energy. Associated energy consumption would be typical of that associated with residential projects in an urban setting. Automotive fuels would be consumed to transport people to and from the Proposed HOAs. Energy would be required for construction elements and transport construction materials. The one-time energy expenditure required to construct the physical infrastructure associated with the Proposed Project would be nonrecoverable. There is no atypical construction related energy demand associated with the Proposed Project. Non- renewable energy would not be consumed in a wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary manner when compared to other construction activity in the region.

Operational-Related Energy
The operation of the residences planned for in the Proposed Project would result in the use of electricity and natural gas for building operations and transportation fuel consumption from commute trips taken by new residents and employees. This would include natural gas and electricity for use in appliances (e.g., water heating, building heating and cooling, clothes washers, dishwashers). Electricity would be used for lighting in buildings, as well as for street and public lighting. Transportation-related energy consumption would include the use of fuels and electricity to power cars, trucks, and public transportation vehicles.

All housing units to be developed as part of the Proposed Project would be required to comply with the California Energy Code standards for building energy efficiency. As development under the Proposed Project would likely occur through 2030, the California Energy Code is anticipated to be updated with increasingly stringent energy efficiency requirements. This would result in increased building energy efficiency over time as buildings continue to be developed. Table 6 summarizes the levels of energy consumption associated with the operation of residential land uses that would be built. In total, the increase in development potential associated with implementation of the Proposed Project would consume an estimated 15,963 megawatt-hours per year of electricity and 541,871 therms per year of natural gas. Fuel consumption associated with project-related vehicle trips would not be considered wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary in comparison to other similar developments in the region.

Table 6
Energy Consumption Summary Associated with the Operation of the Proposed Project for the First Year of Build-Out (2022) Energy Type Energy Consumption Units
Electricity 15,963 MWh/year
Natural Gas 541,871 therm/year
Gasoline 2,100,661 gal/year
Diesel 61,889 gal/year
Notes: MWh/year = megawatt-hours per year; therm/year = therms per year, gal/year = gallons per year.

Source: Calculations by Ascent Environmental in 2021
347

Based on the estimated annual vehicle miles traveled (56,121,351.00 miles) from the CalEEMod model outputs and estimated miles per gallon from the CARB mobile source emissions inventory EMFAC2021 Web Database, gasoline consumption is estimated at 2,100,661 gallons of gasoline per year and 61,889 gallons of diesel per year. (See Appendix C). The housing units proposed would be subject to State and Federal regulations regarding fuel efficiency standards for vehicles in California which are designed to reduce wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary use of energy for transportation. Furthermore, as described in the project description, several HOAs are within the TOD SP area, which is intended to guide land use, mobility, and economic development within Downtown Bellflower and support multimodal transportation, which would reduce fuel use from single occupancy vehicles. The application of these operational regulations and the plans for development in the TOD SP would reduce wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary use of energy for buildings and transportation. This impact would be less than significant. b) Implementation of the Proposed Project would also be consistent with State policies related to energy efficiency and renewable energy. The residential units proposed by the 2021-2029 Housing Element would comply with the California Energy Code which is intended to increase the energy efficiency of new development projects in the State. The 2019 California Energy Code is designed to move the State closer to its zero-net energy goals and will require all single-family and multi-family (up to three stories) residential units to install enough renewable energy to offset the cooling demand needs of each residential unit. Through the permitting process, all development projects proposed under the Proposed Project would comply with the current and future versions of California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards. SCE, as an electricity utility, is required to comply with the State’s Renewable Portfolio Standard. Because electricity utilities in the State are required to increase the percentage of renewable energy sources in the electricity they provide, over time electricity consumed as part of the Proposed Project will increasingly be provided by renewable sources. Due to the inclusion of State regulations related energy efficiency and renewable energy, implementation of the Proposed Project would not conflict with or obstruct a State or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency. This impact would be less than significant.

348

7. GEOLOGY AND SOILS

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
VII. Geology and Soils.

Would the project:
a) Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map
issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? (Refer to California Geological Survey Special Publication 42.)

ii) Strong seismic ground shaking?
iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? iv) Landslides?
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse?

d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994, as updated), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property?

e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater?

f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature?

Discussion
a.i-ii) Fault rupture is the displacement that occurs along the surface of a fault during an earthquake.

By definition, an active fault is one that has had surface displacement within Holocene time (about the last 11,700 years). A potentially active fault has demonstrated surface displacement during Quaternary time (approximately the last 1.6 million years) but has had no known Holocene movement. Faults that have not moved in the last 1.6 million years are considered inactive.

The Proposed HOAs are not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone and no active or potentially active faults are present within these areas. Therefore, the potential for surface fault rupture due to faulting is considered low. Nevertheless, the Proposed HOAs are located in the seismically active Southern California region and various faults are present in the vicinity of the site. The Newport-Inglewood Fault is the nearest Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone, located over six miles west of the Proposed HOAs (CGS 2019). Other nearby active faults include the Whittier Fault, over seven miles northeast of the Proposed HOAs; the Palos Verdes Fault, over seven miles southwest of the Proposed HOAs; the Raymond Fault, over 14 miles north of the Proposed HOAs; and the Hollywood Fault, over 17 miles north-northwest of the Proposed HOAs.

The San Andreas Fault Zone is approximately 40 miles northeast of the Proposed HOAs. 349

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately allow for new residential development as these actions are designed to accommodate the development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet the City’s RHNA allocation. No specific housing units are currently proposed; however, any future housing units could be subject to moderate to strong ground shaking in the event of an earthquake on one of the many nearby active faults.

Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. These projects would be required to comply with the most recently adopted California Building Code (CBC), which is contained in Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations. The CBC includes seismic design criteria to reduce the potential for structural damage. In addition, geotechnical investigations would be required to identify site-specific seismic hazards. In accordance with the CBC, the geotechnical investigations would recommend corrective actions to prevent structural damage and ensure public safety in the event of an earthquake. Through compliance with the CBC and any additional site-specific requirements, the Proposed Project and any new housing units would not directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving fault rupture or strong seismic ground shaking. Impacts would be less than significant.
a.iii) Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which loose and saturated soil loses strength during strong ground shaking events. The factors known to influence liquefaction potential include intensity and duration of ground motion, gradation characteristics of the subsurface soils, and groundwater level.

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately allow for new residential development as these actions are designed to accommodate the development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet the City’s RHNA allocation. No specific housing units have yet been proposed; however, all proposed HOAs are within a liquefaction zone and could be susceptible to seismic-related ground failure (CGS 2019).

Future applications for construction of new housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. These projects would be required to comply with the most recently adopted CBC, which includes seismic design criteria to reduce the potential for structural damage. In addition, geotechnical investigations would be required for each proposed development to identify site-specific liquefaction potential and requirements to reduce liquefaction hazards. As most of the HOAs have been previously developed with existing structures, it is not likely that there would be any impacts related to liquefaction. To further ensure that potential impacts would not result, the City will review all projects on a case-by-case basis. Through compliance with the CBC and any additional site- specific requirements, the proposed discretionary actions and any future housing units would not directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving seismic-related ground failure. Impacts would be less than significant. a.iv) A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. The City of Bellflower, including all Proposed HOAs, is not within a landslide zone (CGS 2019). The Proposed HOAs are generally flat in topography and are not surrounded by slopes. There is negligible potential for landslides or slope instabilities to occur within the Proposed HOAs.

Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving landslides.

No impact would occur.
b) Soil erosion refers to the process by which soil or earth material is loosened or dissolved and removed from its original location. Erosion can occur by varying processes and may occur in a particular development area where bare soil is exposed to wind or moving water (both rainfall and surface runoff). The processes of erosion are generally a function of material type, terrain 350

steepness, rainfall or irrigation levels, surface drainage conditions, and general land uses. Topsoil is used to cover surface areas for the establishment and maintenance of vegetation due to its high concentrations of organic matter and micro-organisms.

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately allow for new residential development as these actions are designed to accommodate the future development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet/exceed the City’s RHNA allocation. No specific housing units have yet been proposed; however, construction of future housing units could require grading and earth-moving activities that may result in soil erosion or loss of topsoil.

Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. The Proposed HOAs are within the jurisdiction of the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) and any future housing units would be subject to all existing regulations associated with the protection of water quality, including erosion and sediment control. Any projects that result in a disturbance area of more than one acre (43,560 square feet) are required to obtain coverage under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity (Construction General Permit Order 2009-0009-DWQ). The Construction General Permit requires the development of a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), which includes best management practices (BMPs) for erosion and sediment control. Furthermore, construction activities would be required to comply with SCAQMD Rule 403 (Fugitive Dust), which requires daily watering of unpaved areas to stabilize soil and prevent wind erosion events. As most of the HOAs have been previously developed with existing structures, it is not likely that there would be any impacts related to soil erosion. To further ensure that potential impacts would not result, the City will review all projects on a case-by-case basis. Through compliance with applicable permit requirements and regulations, the potential for erosion would be reduced. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil. Impacts would be less than significant.
c) Subsidence is the sudden collapse of the ground’s surface that occurs because of a subsurface gap or void. Subsidence is typically caused by withdrawal of groundwater or oil resources or wells beneath a surface. According to the California Geologic Energy Management Division, there are no groundwater or oil wells within the Proposed Project areas (CalGEM 2019); therefore, subsidence is not expected to occur. As discussed under Thresholds (a)(iii) and (iv) above, the Proposed HOAs are not within a landslide zone but are within a liquefaction zone (CGS 2019).

Approval of the Proposed Project would not directly result in the physical development of any new residential housing. However, these actions are designed to accommodate the development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet the City’s RHNA plus additional residential units. No specific housing units have yet been proposed; however, future housing units could be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable.

Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. These projects would be required to comply with the most recently adopted CBC, which includes seismic design criteria to reduce the potential for structural damage. In addition, geotechnical investigations would be required for each proposed development to identify site-specific geological conditions and requirements to reduce potential hazards. As most of the HOAs were previously developed with existing structures, it is not likely that there would be any impacts related to subsidence.

To further ensure that potential impacts would not result, the City will review all projects on a case-by-case basis. Through compliance with the CBC and any additional site-specific requirements, the proposed discretionary actions and any future housing units would not result 351

in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse. Impacts would be less than significant.
d) Expansive soils are typically associated with fine-grained clayey soils that have the potential to shrink and swell with repeated cycles of wetting and drying.

Approval of the Proposed Project would not directly result in the physical development of any new residential housing. However, these actions are designed to accommodate the development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet the City’s RHNA allocation plus provide additional units. No specific housing units have yet been proposed; however, future housing units could be located in areas underlain with expansive soils.

Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. Site-specific geotechnical investigations could be required to identify subsurface conditions, including the presence of expansive soils, at each development site. In accordance with the CBC, the geotechnical investigations would recommend corrective actions to prevent structural damage for any dwellings constructed on expansive soils. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not create substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property. Impacts would be less than significant.
e) The City of Bellflower is served by a municipal sewer system and Los Angeles County Sanitation District. The Proposed Project and any future housing units would not require septic tanks or other similar alternative wastewater disposal systems. No impact would occur. f) Pleistocene or older (older than 11,000 years) continental sedimentary deposits have high potential to contain paleontological resources. Holocene-age deposits (less than 10,000 years old) are generally considered to have a low paleontological potential because they are geologically immature and are unlikely to have fossilized the remains of organisms.

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately allow for new residential development as these actions are designed to accommodate the development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet the City’s RHNA allocation plus additional units. No specific housing units have yet been proposed; however, construction of future housing units could require excavation to varying depths.

Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. The City of Bellflower is almost completely developed and most of the Proposed HOAs were previously disturbed. Therefore, it is likely that excavation would be limited to shallow depths within disturbed, artificial fill or Holocene age alluvium. However, site-specific geotechnical investigations would be required to identify subsurface conditions, evaluate the potential for encountering paleontological resources, and, if required, identify measures to reduce impacts on paleontological resources. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature. Impacts would be less than significant.

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8. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
VIII. Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

Would the project:
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?

b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?

Environmental Setting
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gases in the earth’s atmosphere that trap heat through a phenomenon called the “greenhouse effect.” Prominent GHGs that contribute to the greenhouse effect are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.

The greenhouse effect occurs when solar radiation enters the Earth’s atmosphere and infrared radiation is absorbed by GHGs rather than being reflected back into space. This trapping of infrared radiation results in the warming of the atmosphere and is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate on earth.

However, GHG emissions from human activities have greatly increased GHG concentrations in the atmosphere and caused levels of warming far above natural levels, resulting in global climate change.

All reputable scientific studies agree that more than half of the observed increase in average global temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by anthropogenic (i.e., human-caused) increases in GHG concentrations (IPCC 2014:5). GHG emissions contributing to global climate change are attributable, in large part, to human activities associated with on-road and off-road transportation, industrial/manufacturing activities, electricity generation and consumption, residential and commercial on-site fuel use, agriculture, and deforestation.

Climate change is a global issue because GHGs are global pollutants; even local GHG emissions contribute to global impacts. Many GHGs have long atmospheric lifetimes, from one to several thousand years, and persist in the atmosphere for long enough durations to be dispersed around the globe. Although the lifetime of any particular GHG molecule is dependent on multiple variables and cannot be determined with certainty, scientists have concluded that more CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere than is sequestered by ocean uptake, vegetation, and other forms of sequestration, resulting in a net increase in atmospheric CO2 (IPCC 2013:467). The quantity of GHGs in the atmosphere that ultimately result in climate change is not precisely known but is enormous; no single project alone would measurably contribute to an incremental change in the global average temperature, or to global, local, or micro climates. From the standpoint of CEQA, GHG impacts relative to global climate change are inherently cumulative.

Regulatory Setting
Statewide GHG Emission Targets and the Climate Change Scoping Plan Reducing GHG emissions in California has been the focus of the state government for approximately two decades (State of California 2018). GHG emission targets established by the state legislature include reducing statewide GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 (Assembly Bill 32 of 2006) and reducing them to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (Senate Bill 32 of 2016). Executive Order (EO) S-3-05 calls for statewide GHG emissions to be reduced to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. EO B-55-18 calls for California to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 and achieve and maintain net negative GHG emissions thereafter. These targets align with the scientifically established levels needed globally to limit the rise in global temperature to no more than 2 degrees Celsius, the warming threshold at which major climate disruptions, such as super droughts and rising sea levels, are projected; these targets also pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius (UN 2015:3). 353

The 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan (2017 Scoping Plan), prepared by the California Air Resources Board, outlines the main strategies California will implement to achieve the legislated GHG emission target for 2030 and “substantially advance toward our 2050 climate goals” (CARB 2017:1, 3, 5, 20, 25–26). It identifies the reductions needed by each GHG emission sector (e.g., transportation, industry, electricity generation, agriculture, commercial and residential, pollutants with high global warming potential, and recycling and waste). California also implemented more detailed legislation addressing GHG emissions associated with industrial sources, transportation, electricity generation, and energy consumption.

Senate Bill (SB) 375 aligns regional transportation planning efforts, regional GHG emission reduction targets, and land use and housing allocation. CARB, in consultation with the metropolitan planning organizations, provides each affected region with reduction targets for GHGs emitted by passenger cars and light trucks in their respective regions for 2020 and 2035.

Local Climate Action Planning
In December 2012, the Bellflower City Council adopted a Climate Action Plan (CAP) which detailed how the City would achieve its proportional share of state GHG emission reductions based on AB 32 and the CARB’s 2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan to reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 (City of Bellflower 2012). The City’s CAP met the programmatic requirements of CEQA Guidelines § 15183.5 and described specific measures and performance standards for reducing community emissions. In 2010, the City was estimated to generate 339,985 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e). The CAP also estimated projected emissions to be 362,446 MTCO2e in 2020 and 386,674 MTCO2e in 2030. To reduce emissions the City adopted three strategies that would reduce emissions from all sectors of the City’s inventory. These three strategies include reducing emissions from buildings, urban form and mobility, and government operations. Because the CAP’s emission targets and GHG emission reduction measures were based on AB 32 (reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020) and does not consider the recent State targets under SB 32 (reduce emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030), it is not relied upon to determine whether the project would have a significant impact on GHGs and climate change.

Discussion
a) To estimate the construction emissions associated with the Proposed Project’s residential units, a specific methodology was employed. Proposed Project residential units were equally apportioned over the eight year Housing Element horizon to all the proposed development areas, based upon proposed densities and development area acreages. Therefore, construction emissions were estimated based on a yearly timeframe to assess a representative scenario of how development could occur. The first year of construction was modeled to occur in 2022 because this would be the most conservative analysis due to the fleet turnover and the potential increase in efficiency of construction equipment engine technology compared to the future years of the Housing Element development period. The emissions estimated for 2022 were multiplied over an eight year timeframe to get the total project construction emissions. To accommodate the change in land uses from nonresidential to residential, it was assumed that 50 percent of the existing nonresidential land uses within the development areas would be replaced with new residential units. The 50 percent replacement factor allows for mixed use development to occur on parcels with existing nonresidential development or new proposed mixed-use development.

Therefore, 50 percent of the existing uses were considered to be demolished to accommodate the proposed residential units. For specific construction assumptions and modeling inputs, refer to Appendix B.

Based on modeling conducted for the Proposed Project, the residential construction activities would generate an estimated total 7,875 MTCO2e from the use of heavy-duty off-road equipment, materials transport, and worker commute. These emissions amortized over the life of the 354

Proposed Project (i.e., 30 years based on SCAQMD-recommended methodology) would be 263 MTCO2e per year. Refer to Appendix B for detailed construction modeling inputs and parameters.

Using the same methodology as descripted in Section 3, Air Quality, by 2030, the Proposed Project is estimated to result in emissions of 27,443 MTCO2e per year directly from vehicle use, on-site natural gas consumption, landscaping equipment use, and indirectly from electricity consumption, solid waste disposal, and water and wastewater treatment. Amortized construction emissions and operational emissions from the Proposed Project would result in a total of 27,706 MTCO2e per year. Table 7 summarizes the anticipated level of emissions for the Proposed Project by emissions sector. Refer to Appendix B for detailed input parameters and assumptions.

Table 7
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Comparison Summary
Emissions Sector MTCO2e
Amortized Construction 263
Area 973
Energy 6,833
Mobile 16,979
Solid Waste 959
Water 1,698
Total 27,706
Project Populationa 13,643
2030 Efficiency Metricb 2.0
SCAQMD 2035 Efficiency Metric Threshold 3.0
CAP 2030 Efficiency Metric Threshold 2.1
Exceed Thresholds? No
a Total housing units proposed, 4,147, multiplied by a factor of 3.29 persons per housing unit. b Total project emissions, 27,706 MTCO2e per year, divided by population, 13,643.

Source: Modeling performed by Ascent Environmental, Inc. in 2021 To evaluate whether the Proposed Project would result in a significant impact on the environment, the project’s emissions were evaluated using an efficiency-based metric measured in MTCO2e per year per capita. An efficiency metric may be used to represent a project’s consistency with the State’s long-term reduction targets and thus evaluate a project’s cumulative contribution to global climate change. Furthermore, by analyzing the project against the quantitative efficiency metric thresholds, this analysis assesses the Proposed Project’s contribution to progress towards the State’s GHG reduction targets in SB 32 and long-term goals in EO S-3-05. Notably, the Proposed Project only includes residential land uses; therefore, the use of a service population- based metric (i.e., residents and employees) is not applicable. Thus, employees are excluded from the efficiency metric threshold and a per capita metric was used.

SCAQMD provides a recommended efficiency threshold for year 2035 based on SB 375 and a reduction of 40 percent from the State’s 2020 target GHG emissions. This 40 percent reduction is also consistent with CARB’s 2017 Scoping Plan and SB 32 reduction targets of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. This reduction results in an efficiency threshold for projects to be 3.0 MTCO2e per year (SCAQMD 2010). A project specific-efficiency metric was estimated by applying the total project emissions, 27,706 MTCO2e per year, to the Proposed Project’s estimated population of 13,643 residents (3.29 persons per 4,147 housing units), which was estimated to 355

be 2 MTCO2e per year per capita. To provide additional context for project emissions, the Proposed Project’s estimated efficiency metric was also compared to a CAP-derived efficiency metric threshold of 2.1 using a 40 percent reduction from 2020 target emissions of 283,550 MTCO2e and a population projection of 79,733 for 2030. Because the Proposed Project would remove existing nonresidential uses, the Proposed Project is anticipated to result in an overall decrease in emissions due to the reduction in vehicle uses and building operations. Because the Proposed Project would not exceed the efficiency thresholds provided by SCAQMD or estimated from the CAP, it would not result in a significant impact on the environment and impacts would therefore be less than significant.
b) As discussed in the Threshold a) above, the Proposed Project’s GHG emissions would not exceed the efficiency threshold of 3.0 MTCO2e per year, which considers the State’s GHG emission reduction targets of 40 percent below 1990 levels under the 2017 Scoping Plan and SB 32. CARB has outlined a number of potential strategies for achieving the 2030 reduction target in the 2017 Scoping Plan. Appendix B of the 2017 Scoping Plan includes detailed GHG reduction measures and local actions that land use development projects and municipalities can implement to support the statewide goal. For project-level CEQA analyses, the 2017 Scoping Plan states that projects should implement feasible mitigation, preferably measures that can be implemented on-site. The Proposed Project would include GHG reduction features that would be consistent with the measures listed in Appendix B of the 2017 Scoping Plan as detailed below. The Proposed Project would be consistent with reducing the rate of growth in VMT by locating residences in an area served by a high level of multimodal transportation.

SCAG’s RTP/SCS
Consistent with SCAG’s Connect SoCal RTP/SCS alignment of transportation, land use, and housing strategies, the Proposed Project would implement smart land use strategies. As discussed in Section 17, Transportation, of this IS/MND, the Proposed Project would support the Connect SoCal overall land use pattern of reinforcing the trend of locating new housing in High Quality Transit Areas with the intent of reducing VMT and GHGs. Thus, the Proposed Project would also help increase the share of total trips that use transit. In addition, the RHNA allocation provided in the Housing Element was developed by SCAG. Therefore, the Proposed Project would be consistent with the SCAG 2020 RTP/SCS regional and local trip and VMT reduction goals.

Bellflower Green Building Standards Code
The Proposed Project would comply with the California Green Building Standards Code that would reduce GHG emissions by increasing energy efficiency, reducing indoor and outdoor water demand, and installing energy-efficient equipment. The Proposed Project would also incorporate characteristics that would reduce transportation-related GHG emissions by combining residential and commercial uses next to transit stations, thereby encouraging alternative forms of transportation and pedestrian activity. Therefore, the Proposed Project would be consistent with the City’s Green Building Standards Code.

Compliance with City Climate Action Plan
The City will review all future projects on a case-by-case basis and ensure that said projects will comply with the requirements of the CAP. Projects will be required to provide design features and amenities that are recommended in the CAP as part of its point system for improvements to reduce GHG.

Summary
Because the Proposed Project would be consistent with CARB’s 2017 Scoping Plan, SB 32, the SCAG RTP/SCS, and the City’s local building code, it would not conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions. Therefore, this impact would be less than significant.
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9. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
IX. Hazards and Hazardous Materials.

Would the project:
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?

b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and/or accident
conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?

c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?

d) Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment?

e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area?

f) Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?

g) Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury, or death involving wildland fires?

Discussion
a) A hazardous material is any substance that, due to its quantity, concentration, and physical or chemical characteristics, poses a present or potential hazard to human health or to the environment if released. Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to, inorganic and organic chemicals, solvents, mercury, lead, asbestos, paints, oil, gasoline, cleansers, and pesticides.

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately allow for new residential development as these actions are designed to accommodate the development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet the City’s RHNA allocation plus additional units. No specific housing units have yet been proposed; however, construction and operation of future housing units could involve minor and short-term transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials.

Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. In accordance with regulatory standards, an environmental site assessment (ESA) could be required to identify site- specific hazards associated with current and historical uses of properties proposed for development. The site-specific ESA would provide recommendations for further investigations or corrective actions, such as remediation of contaminated soils and abatement and removal of hazardous substances, if needed.

The future construction of housing units could involve the temporary use, transport, and disposal of hazardous materials in the form of inorganic and organic chemicals, solvents, mercury, lead, asbestos, paints, oil, gasoline, cleansers, or pesticides. Although minor amounts of household 357

hazardous waste could be generated (e.g., cleaning products, landscaping chemicals and fertilizers), operation of residential land uses would not involve activities that would generate substantial hazardous waste, such as industrial processes.

Construction and operational activities would be required to comply with applicable laws and regulations related to the handling, use, and transport of hazardous materials and wastes.

Specifically, the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act is a Federal law that addresses the handling, disposal, recycling, treatment, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste. In addition, the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act is a federal law that authorizes EPA to identify hazardous and toxic material sites, as well as assign responsibility for and oversee the cleanup of those sites. Titles 8, 22, and 26 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), and their enabling legislation set forth in Chapter 6.95 of the Health and Safety Code, were established at the State level to ensure compliance with Federal laws to reduce the risk to human health and the environment from the routine use of hazardous substances. These regulations, as appropriate, are monitored by the State (e.g., California Occupational Health and Safety Administration [Cal OSHA] for health and safety in the workplace or the California Department of Toxic Substances Control [DTSC] for generators or transporters hazardous waste), and/or local jurisdictions (e.g., the Los Angeles Consolidated Fire Protection District and the Los Angeles County Environmental Health Division) to ensure hazardous materials are properly handled, transported, and disposed of.

Through compliance with regulatory requirements and implementation of site-specific recommendations, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials. Impacts would be less than significant. b) Refer to the discussion for Threshold (a) above. Through compliance with regulatory requirements and implementation of site-specific recommendations, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset or accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment. Impacts would be less than significant. c) Existing schools within a quarter mile of the HOAs include Thomas Jefferson Elementary School, Valley Christian Preschool, Las Flores Home Education Independent Study Academy, YMCA Mayne Preschool, Ramona Elementary School, and Ernie Pyle Elementary School. As described under Threshold (a) above, construction and operation of any future housing units would be required to comply with applicable laws and regulations related to the handling, use, and transport of hazardous materials and wastes. Through compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in significant impacts related to the release of hazardous emissions or handling of hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school. Impacts would be less than significant.
d) Government Code § 65962.5 requires the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) to develop and update annually the Cortese List, which is a list of hazardous waste sites and other contaminated sites. According to CalEPA, the following data resources provide information regarding the facilities or sites identified as meeting the Cortese List requirements (CalEPA 2021a):
 List of Hazardous Waste and Substances sites from DTSC EnviroStor database;  List of Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Sites from the State Water Resources Control Board’s (SWRCB) GeoTracker database;
358

 List of solid waste disposal sites identified by the SWRCB with waste constituents above hazardous waste levels outside the waste management unit;  List of “active” Cease and Desist Orders and Cleanup and Abatement Orders from the SWRCB; and
 List of hazardous waste facilities subject to corrective action pursuant to Section 25187.5 of the Health and Safety Code, identified by DTSC.

Based on a review of the data resources listed above, there are several active SWRCB cleanup program sites, LUST cleanup sites, and DTSC cleanup sites within or near the Proposed HOAs (SWRCB 2021; DTSC 2021; CalEPA 2021b; CalEPA 2021c; and CalEPA 2016).

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately allow for new residential development as these actions are designed to accommodate the future development of up to 4,147 housing units to meet the City’s RHNA allocation plus additional units. No specific housing units have yet been proposed; however, future housing units could be developed on hazardous materials sites included on the Cortese List.

Future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures. In accordance with regulatory standards, an ESA could be required to identify site-specific hazards associated with current and historical uses of the property proposed for development. The site-specific ESA would provide recommendations for further investigations or corrective actions, if needed. Through compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and implementation of site-specific recommendations, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment. Impacts would be less than significant. e) There are no public airports within two miles of the Proposed HOAs. The closest public airport is the Long Beach Airport, located approximately 3.5 miles southwest of the nearest HOAs. The HOAs are not within the planning boundary/airport influence area of the Long Beach Airport (Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Commission 2003). Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in a safety hazard or excessive airplane noise for people residing or working in the project area. No impact would occur. f) According to the Safety Element of the Bellflower General Plan, the City has an Emergency Operations Plan that is utilized during extraordinary emergency situations associated with natural disasters, technological incidents, and human-caused events. Major roadways adjacent to the HOAs, including Rosecrans Avenue, Alondra Boulevard, Artesia Boulevard, Lakewood Boulevard, Clark Street, and Bellflower Boulevard, are identified as disaster movement routes (City of Bellflower 2017).

Approval of the Proposed Project would ultimately allow for new residential development as these actions are designed to accommodate the development of up to 4,147 new housing units to meet the City’s RHNA allocation plus additional units. No specific housing units are yet proposed; however, future housing units could generate new vehicle trips that would affect traffic on designated disaster movement routes.

Construction activities have potential to result in short-term, temporary impacts on surrounding roadways from partial lane closures or the presence of construction vehicles, which may cause temporary traffic slowdown. If needed, site-specific traffic control plans may be implemented to reduce construction-related traffic impacts from the future development projects. Once operational, the future developments are not anticipated to generate substantial vehicle trips because they would be considered infill development within proximity to public transportation 359

(refer to Section 17, Transportation, for additional information). Site-specific traffic studies could be conducted to forecast traffic associated with each development and determine if improvements to the existing circulation network are needed to accommodate the new development. In addition, the project design for each new development would be reviewed by the Los Angeles County Fire Department to ensure that adequate emergency access is provided throughout construction and operation. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. Impacts would be less than significant. g) The Proposed HOAs are not located within an area classified by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) as a state responsibility area or as a high fire hazard severity zone (CAL FIRE 2007; CAL FIRE 2011). Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury, or death involving wildland fires. No impact would occur.

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10. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
X. Hydrology and Water Quality.

Would the project:
a) Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or groundwater quality?

b) Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin?

c) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:

i) Result in substantial on- or offsite erosion or siltation; ii) Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite;

iii) Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of
polluted runoff; or

iv) Impede or redirect flood flows?
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation?

e) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan?

Discussion
a) The State Water Resources Control Board developed Regional Water Quality Control Plans (or Basin Plans) that designate beneficial uses and water quality objectives for California’s surface waters and groundwater basins, as mandated by both the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the State’s Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. Water quality standards are thus, established in these Basin Plans and provide the foundation for the regulatory programs implemented by the State.

The Los Angeles RWQCB’s Basin Plan, which covers the 11 HOAs, specifically designates beneficial uses for surface waters and ground waters; sets objectives to conform with the State’s anti-degradation policy; and describes implementation programs to protect all waters in the Region (Los Angeles RWQCB 2014). In other words, the Los Angeles RWQCB Basin Plan provides all relevant information necessary to carry out Federal mandates for the anti-degradation policy; 303(d) listing of impaired waters; and related total maximum daily loads; and provides information relative to NPDES and Waste Discharge Requirement permit limits. Under Section 303(d) of the CWA, States are required to identify water bodies that do not meet their water quality standards (Los Angeles RWQCB 2014).
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Although the specific locations of the future residential units within the HOAs are not currently known, construction of future residential units would require site work for grading, clearing, potential demolition of existing structures, and construction of structures and infrastructure improvements.

These construction activities could result in soil erosion and loss of topsoil which could then affect water quality. However, future development projects would be required to comply with all existing regulations that ensure protection of water quality standards. For instance, all projects that would result in disturbance of one acre of land or more (including laydown and stockpile areas) are required to comply with the State Water Resources Control Board Order No. 2012-0006-DWQ (NPDES Permit No. CAS000002), National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction and Land Disturbance Activities (Construction General Permit). The Construction General Permit requires development of a SWPPP, implementation of erosion and sediment BMPs, monitoring, and reporting. Pursuant to the Construction General Permit, prior to terminating permit coverage, the project sites must be stabilized and not pose any additional sediment discharge risk than it did prior to the commencement of construction activity.

During operations of the Proposed Project, there is the potential for future residential development to generate surface water pollutants. Potential pollutants generated post-construction that could affect water quality include sedimentation runoff from post-construction areas left exposed; fertilizer-derived nutrients from an increase in landscaped surface area; heavy-metal runoff from parking lots; organic compounds derived from hydrocarbons, solvents, and pesticides; trash and debris deposited in drain inlets; and hydrocarbons such as oil and grease from paved areas.

Nonetheless, the Proposed HOAs are already disturbed and most are developed with existing commercial or residential structures. While the Proposed Project could result in additional impervious surfaces within the HOAs, individual future residential projects would be required to comply with all applicable regulations related to drainage and stormwater discharge. Further, all development within the City must comply with the Planning and Land Development Program requirements described in Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board Order No R4-2012- 0175 (NPDES Permit No. CAS004001), Waste Discharge Requirements for Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Discharges Within the Coast Watersheds of Los Angeles County, Except Those Discharges Originating from the City of Long Beach MS4 (LA County MS4 Permit – modified July 2018) (Los Angeles RWQCB 2012. The LA County MS4 Permit requires implementation of post-construction BMPs that would reduce stormwater pollution. As such, due to compliance with existing construction and post-construction regulations, impacts would be less than significant.
b) The Proposed HOAs are located within the Coastal Plain of Los Angeles Groundwater Basin (Central Basin) (Department of Water Resources 2019). The Central Basin is a high priority basin under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), which requires that all basins designated as high or medium priority by DWR form a groundwater sustainability agency (GSA) to prepare and submit a groundwater sustainability plan or directly submit an alternative analysis in lieu of forming a GSA. The Water Replenishment District of Southern California (WRD) submitted an alternative analysis on the basin condition that demonstrates that the basin has operated within a sustainable yield over a period of at least 10 years (Water Replenishment District of Southern California 2016). The Proposed HOAs include vacant land and areas already developed with impervious surfaces and therefore are not considered significant groundwater recharge areas. As discussed in Section 19, Utilities and Service Systems, water service in the Proposed HOAs is provided by the Bellflower Somerset Mutual Water Company (BSMWC).

Although BSMWC serves a lot of its customers from groundwater supplies, primary groundwater production wells are several miles away from the City and not within the Proposed HOAs. The Proposed Project and any future housing units would not significantly decrease groundwater supplies. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. 362

c.i) The Proposed HOAs are mostly developed with impervious surfaces. The closest river to the Proposed HOAs is the San Gabriel River, which runs in the north-south direction through the City boundaries, approximately 300 feet east of the nearest HOA. The Proposed Project would not result in the alteration of the San Gabriel River. Onsite runoff within the Proposed HOAs is presently conveyed to catch basins located along City streets. As discussed under Threshold (b), above, the Proposed Project could introduce a small amount of additional impervious surfaces to the Proposed HOAs but such areas would be required to comply with existing regulations regarding drainage and pollutant discharge. Therefore, the drainage pattern of the Proposed HOAs would not be significantly altered with implementation of the Proposed Project. Further, per the LA County MS4 Permit, the future residential development projects could be required to prepare an erosion control plan which would incorporate BMPs to control erosion, debris, and construction-related pollutants (County of Los Angeles 2017). Therefore, through compliance with existing regulations, the Proposed Project and future residential development would not result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site. Impacts would be less than significant. c.ii) As discussed under Threshold c.i), above, the HOAs are mostly developed but the Proposed Project could add small amounts of impervious surfaces. Onsite runoff within the areas is presently conveyed to catch basins and storm drains located along City streets. The Proposed Project would not introduce additional impervious surfaces to the areas. Therefore, the drainage pattern of the Proposed HOAs would not be significantly altered with implementation of the Proposed Project. Thus, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not substantially increase the rate or amount of runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site.

Impacts would be less than significant.
c.iii) As discussed under Threshold c.i), above, the Proposed HOAs are currently mostly developed with impervious surfaces, though a small amount of additional impervious surfaces could be added. Onsite runoff within the Proposed HOAs is presently conveyed to catch basins and stormdrains located along City streets. Because the Proposed Project would not introduce substantial additional impervious surfaces to the Proposed HOAs, future residential units would not significantly alter the existing drainage pattern. Further, future development of residential units would be required to comply with the requirements of the LA County MS4 Permit, which requires implementation of post-construction BMPs that would reduce potential stormwater pollution.

Thus, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. Impacts would be less than significant. c.iv) As discussed under Threshold c.i), above, the Proposed HOAs are mostly developed with impervious surfaces. Onsite runoff within the Proposed HOAs is presently conveyed to catch basins and storm drains located along City streets. Because the future residential units would introduce a small amount of additional impervious surfaces that would be required to comply with all applicable regulations regarding drainage and discharge to the area, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not significantly alter the existing drainage pattern in a way that would impede or redirect flood flows. Thus, impacts would be less than significant. d) According to maps provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Proposed HOAs are located within Zone X, which is outside of the 100-year flood zone area. Zone X includes areas of 0.2 percent annual chance of flood, areas of one percent annual chance of flood with average depths of less than one foot or with drainage areas less than one square mile, and areas protected by levees from one percent annual chance of flood (FEMA 2019). The Proposed HOAs are located approximately 16 miles east of the Pacific Ocean. Thus, the future residential development would not be located within a tsunami area. There are no existing lakes or reservoirs near the Proposed HOAs; thus, no seiche hazards are expected. Therefore, because no flood, tsunami, or seiche hazards are present nearby, there would be no impact. 363

e) The Proposed HOAs are located within the Los Angeles Region Basin Plan for the Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties (Basin Plan), designed to preserve, and enhance water quality and protect the beneficial uses of all regional waters. As discussed under Threshold c.i), above, the nearest river to the HOAs is the San Gabriel River, which is located approximately 300 feet from the nearest HOA. Various portions of the San Gabriel River are listed as impaired by Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act and the Basin Plan (SWRCB 2016; LARWQCB 2014). As discussed under Thresholds c.i) through c.iv), above, the Proposed Project would not result in the alteration of the San Gabriel River. The Proposed Project could introduce a small amount of additional impervious surfaces to the HOAs which would be subject to all applicable rules and regulations regarding drainage and discharge. Future residential development within the HOAs would not result in significant alteration of the existing drainage pattern. The Proposed Project would not affect the water quality in the San Gabriel River. The Proposed Project and any future housing units would not conflict with or obstruct the objectives of the Los Angeles Basin Plan for Coastal Watersheds. Impacts would be less than significant impact.

As discussed under Threshold b), above, the Proposed HOAs are located within the Central Basin (DWR 2019), a high priority basin under SGMA. WRD submitted an alternative analysis on the basin condition that demonstrates that the basin has operated within a sustainable yield over a period of at least 10 years (Water Replenishment District of Southern California 2016). The Proposed Project and any future housing units would not directly involve groundwater use, as no wells are proposed on-site. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would introduce additional impervious surfaces that would be required to comply with existing rules and regulations regarding groundwater recharge in the area. The Proposed Project and any future housing units would not obstruct a sustainable groundwater management plan. Impacts would be less than significant.

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11. LAND USE AND PLANNING

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XI. Land Use and Planning.

Would the project:
a) Physically divide an established community?
b) Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?

Discussion
a) Future residential units anticipated by the Proposed Project would be located within the eleven (11) identified HOAs throughout the city and would not result in the division of an established community. The new residential units would replace existing land uses. No impact would occur. b) The Proposed 2021 – 2029 Housing Element is required to comply with California law. The Housing Element is one of the mandatory General Plan Elements and must be internally consistent with the other General Plan Elements. The proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, TOD SPA, and zoning changes would result in consistency between the General Plan, and zoning. The proposed project would not result in a conflict with other City of Bellflower policies or regulations adopted for the purpose of eliminating or mitigating an environmental effect.

Therefore, the Proposed Project would be consistent with all City of Bellflower land use plans, policies, and/or regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating and environmental effect. Impacts would be less than significant.

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12. MINERAL RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XII. Mineral Resources.

Would the project:
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state?

b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan, or other land use plan?

Discussion
a) The City is highly urbanized and almost completely developed. No mineral resources are known to occur in or around the Proposed HOAs (DOC 1982). Further, the 11 HOAs are highly disturbed.

Therefore, valuable mineral resources are not known to exist within the City or the HOAs, and the Proposed Project would not result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource. No impact would occur.
b) The City is highly urbanized and almost completely developed. The General Plan Conservation Element does not identify any areas known to produce oil, natural gas, aggregate or mineral deposits (City of Bellflower 1994). Further, the Proposed HOAs are mostly disturbed. Therefore, valuable mineral resources are not known to exist within the City or the Proposed HOAs and the Proposed Project would not result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource. No impact would occur.

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13. NOISE

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XIII. Noise.

Would the project result in:
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in other applicable local, state, or federal standards?

b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?

c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?

Discussion
a) Noise is defined as unwanted sound; however, not all unwanted sound rises to the level of a potentially significant noise impact. To differentiate unwanted sound from potentially significant noise impacts, the City has established noise regulations that take into account noise-sensitive land uses. The following discussion includes a brief description of the fundamental principles of noise and commonly used noise descriptors, a summary of applicable noise standards, and an evaluation of project-generated construction and operational noise.

Noise Principles and Descriptors
In the science of acoustics, the fundamental model consists of a sound (or noise) source, a receiver, and the propagation path between the two. Sound is the mechanical energy of a vibrating object transmitted by pressure waves through a liquid or gaseous medium (e.g., air) to a human ear. Noise is defined as loud, unexpected, annoying, or unwanted sound. As sound travels through the atmosphere from the source to the receiver, noise levels attenuate (i.e., decrease) depending on a variety of factors, including geometric spreading (i.e., spherical, or cylindrical spreading), ground absorption (i.e., hard versus soft sites), atmospheric conditions (e.g., wind direction and speed, air temperature, humidity, turbulence), and shielding by natural or human- made features. Geometric spreading is the way in which sound intensity decreases further away from the source, and it occurs because the area that the sound energy covers becomes larger with increasing distance.

The amplitude of pressure waves generated by a sound source determines the loudness of that source, also called the sound pressure level (SPL). SPL is most commonly described by using decibels (dB) because this logarithmic unit best corresponds to the way the human ear interprets sound pressures. However, the decibel scale does not adequately characterize how humans perceive noise because the human ear is not equally sensitive to loudness at all frequencies (i.e., pitch) in the audible spectrum. To approximate the response of the human ear, sound levels of individual frequency bands are weighted, depending on the human sensitivity to those frequencies. Then, an “A-weighted” sound level (expressed in units of A-weighted decibels or dBA) can be computed based on this information. All sound levels discussed in this section are expressed in A-weighted decibels.
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Because decibels are logarithmic units, SPLs expressed in dB cannot be added or subtracted through ordinary arithmetic. Under the decibel scale, a doubling of sound energy corresponds to a 3-dB increase. In typical noisy environments, changes in noise of 1–2 dB are generally not perceptible. However, it is widely accepted that people can begin to detect sound level increases of 3 dB in typical noisy environments. Further, a 5-dB increase is generally perceived as a distinctly noticeable increase, and a 10-dB increase is generally perceived as a doubling of loudness (Caltrans 2013a:2-10).

Various noise descriptors have been developed to describe time-varying noise levels. The noise descriptors used in this section include:
 Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Leq): Leq represents an average of the sound energy occurring over a specified period. In effect, Leq is the steady-state sound level containing the same acoustical energy as the time-varying sound level that occurs during the same period (Caltrans 2013a:2-48). For instance, the 1-hour equivalent sound level, also referred to as the hourly Leq, is the energy average of sound levels occurring during a 1-hour period and is the basis for noise abatement criteria used by Caltrans and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) (Caltrans 2013a:2-47; FTA 2018:210).
 Maximum Sound Level (Lmax): Lmax is the highest instantaneous sound level measured during a specified period (Caltrans 2013a:2-48; FTA 2018:207–208).  Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL): CNEL is the energy average of the A-weighted sound levels occurring over a 24-hour period, with a 10-dB penalty applied to sound levels occurring during the nighttime hours between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. and a 5-dB penalty applied to the sound levels occurring during evening hours between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. (Caltrans 2013a:2-48).

Noise-Sensitive Receptors
Noise-sensitive land uses are generally considered to include those uses where noise exposure could result in health-related risks to individuals, as well as places where quiet is an essential element of their intended purpose. Residential dwellings are of primary concern because of the potential for increased and prolonged exposure of individuals to both interior and exterior noise levels, and because of the potential for nighttime noise to result in sleep disruption. Noise- sensitive receptors are also considered vibration-sensitive receptors. Commercial and industrial buildings where vibration could interfere with operations within the building, including levels that may be well below those associated with human annoyance, are also considered vibration- sensitive receptors. Table 8 details the sensitivity noise standards for the City by land use sensitivity classification.

Table 8
City of Bellflower Use Sensitivity Noise Standards
Land Use Sensitivity Classification Exterior Noise Standard Interior Noise Standard Sensitive CNEL 65 CNEL 55
Conditionally Sensitive CNEL 75 CNEL 55
Non-Sensitive CNEL 75 CNEL 75
Source: City of Bellflower General Plan Noise Element

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City of Bellflower Documents Relating to Noise
The following documents regulate noise within the City of Bellflower:
 Bellflower Municipal Code § 8.32.010.
 Bellflower Municipal Code Chapter 15.04 incorporating the CBC. CBC 117.1, as adopted by the BMC, restricts construction activities as follows:

No construction activities may commence within the City of Bellflower except as set forth in Table 9 below or as otherwise approved by the Building Official:

Table 9
Construction Hours of Operations
Day(s) Start Time End Time
Monday through Friday 7:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m.

Saturdays 8:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m.

Sundays and City Holidays Not Permitted Not Permitted
For purposes of this section, construction includes, without limitation, site preparation, demolition, grading, excavation, and the erection, improvement, remodeling, or repair of buildings or structures, including operation of equipment or machinery and the delivery of material associated with those activities, irrespective of whether a building permit is required for the construction.  City of Bellflower General Plan Noise Element (1994)
The Noise Element is based in part on the community noise compatibility guidelines established by the California State Governor’s Office of Planning and Research and are intended for use in assessing the compatibility of various land use types with a range of noise levels. Table 10 provides the guidelines of land use compatibility for community noise sources. Policies 1.1, 1.2 1.4, 1.5, 1.7,

1.8; 2.1-2.3; and 3.1-3.3 apply to the Proposed Project. This includes the following regulations regarding noise levels:

Table 10
Guidelines for Noise Compatible Land Uses
Land Use Categories
Day-Night Average Exterior Sound
Level (CNEL, dB)
50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Residential Single-Family, Duplex, Mobile Homes A A A/C C N U U Residential Multi- Family A A A/C C N U U
Transient Lodging, Hotel, Motel A A A/C C N U U
School, Library, Church, Hospital, Nursing Home A A A/C A/C C/N N U Auditorium, Concert Hall, Amphitheater C C C C/N U U U
Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator Sports C C C C C/N U U
Playground, Neighborhood Park A A A A A/U N/U U
Golf Course, Riding Stable, Water Recreation,
Cemetery

A A A A A/N A/N U
Office Building, Business, Commercial, Professional A A A A A/C C/N N Agriculture, Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities A A A A A/C C/N N 369

Notes: Based on the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, “General Plan Guidelines,” 1990. To help guide determination of appropriate land use and mitigation measures vis-a-vis existing or anticipated ambient noise levels.

A = Normally Acceptable: Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption buildings involved are conventional construction without any special noise insulation.

C = Conditionally Acceptable: New construction or development only after a detailed analysis of noise mitigation is made and needed noise insulation features are included in project design. Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning would suffice.

N – Normally Unacceptable: New construction or development generally should be discouraged. A detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and noise insulation features included in the design of a project.

U – Clearly Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.

Source: City of Bellflower General Plan, Noise Element, 1994.

Construction Noise
Noise from construction activities would be generated by the operation of vehicles and equipment involved during various stages of construction including demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, architectural coating, and paving. The noise levels generated by construction equipment would vary depending on factors such as the type and number of equipment, the specific model (horsepower rating), the construction activities being performed, and the maintenance condition of the equipment.

Individual pieces of construction equipment anticipated to be used during residential unit construction could produce maximum noise levels of 74 dBA to 90 dBA at a reference distance of 50 feet from the noise source (FHWA 2006). These maximum noise levels would occur when equipment is operating under full power conditions. Equipment operating under full power only occurs during a portion of a day. Thus, estimated usage factors, consistent with Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidance, were used to estimate average hourly noise levels for each piece of equipment. Then, to evaluate project anticipated construction noise levels that would occur throughout the day, the evaluation assumed that up to three construction equipment pieces would operate simultaneously at 50 feet from the nearest noise-sensitive receptor. The modeling resulted in a combined predicted noise level (Leq) of 85.2 dB for construction of a typical residential structure that would be built under the Housing Element. See Appendix D for additional data and detailed modeling results.

The City not adopted construction-related noise thresholds based upon decibels. However, construction noise impacts generally occur when construction activities are prolonged and occur during sensitive times of the day. This may result in disturbing people when sleeping. Construction activities must comply with Noise Element Policy No. 1.4 which limits construction activities to the day-time hours (i.e., 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.), when people are not generally sleeping and are less sensitive to noise. Additionally, CBC Section 117.1 (see BMC § 15.04.040) allows construction between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. during weekdays and 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Saturdays. In addition, for comparison purposes, noise levels can be compared to California Occupational Health and Safety Administration (Cal OSHA) standard limit of noise exposure which are 90 dB or less over eight continuous hours, or 105 dB or less over one continuous hour. Modeling conducted assumed a scenario with multiple pieces of equipment operating simultaneously throughout the day and predicted noise levels (i.e., 85.2 dB [Leq]) would not exceed the Cal OSHA one-hour or eight-hour standard limits of noise exposure. Thus, because construction activities would be temporary, would occur during the daytime hours when people are less sensitive to noise, and would not exceed Cal OSHA’s recommended maximum exposure levels, construction noise impacts would be less than significant.

Operational Traffic Noise
The existing noise environment in the Proposed HOAs is dominated by traffic noise from nearby roadways, as well as nearby commercial and residential activities. The primary source of noise 370

associated with long-term operations of the Proposed Project would be generated by traffic associated with the future new residential units.

With respect to the community noise assessment for operational noise levels, changes in noise levels of less than 3 dBA are generally not discernable to most people, while changes greater than 5 dBA are readily noticeable and would be considered a significant increase. Therefore, the significance threshold for mobile source noise is based on human perceptibility to changes in noise levels (increases) with consideration of existing ambient noise conditions and City’s guidelines for noise compatible land use in Table 10. As part of the modeling conducted for the purposes of air quality and GHG estimation, an estimate of net vehicle trips was calculated. For a description of the specific approach and methodology used to model the project, see Section 3, Air Quality, Threshold b). Based on this modeling, average daily weekday trips are likely to decrease with the assumed change in land use from non-residential (primarily commercial) to high and/or medium density residential. Therefore, the Proposed Project would not result in an increase in traffic noise levels. For this reason, operational traffic noise impacts would be less than significant.
b) The Proposed Project would not result in any major operational sources of vibration (e.g., rail lines, transit stations). While residential units such as those that would be allowed under the Project are considered sensitive receptors, it is difficult to determine specific vibration impacts since actual designs of projects have not been submitted. The city will review all projects on case- by-case basis and will require mitigation and conditions of approval as appropriate. Therefore, this discussion focuses on short-term construction-generated vibration. Prior to the analysis, a brief discussion of vibration principles is included.

Foundations of Vibration
Vibration can be interpreted as energy transmitted in waves through the ground or man-made structures, which generally dissipate with distance from the vibration source. Because energy is lost during the transfer of energy from one particle to another, vibration becomes less perceptible with increasing distance from the source.

Vibration sources include the use of heavy-duty equipment during construction and operational sources include major transit (e.g., rail, transit stations) development. Maintenance operations and traffic traveling on roadways can also be a source of such vibration. If its amplitudes are high enough, ground vibration has the potential to damage structures, cause cosmetic damage or disrupt the operation of vibration-sensitive equipment such as electron microscopes and advanced technology production and research equipment. Ground vibration and groundborne noise can also be a source of annoyance to individuals who live or work close to vibration- generating activities.

In describing vibration in the ground and in structures, the motion of a particle (i.e., a point in or on the ground or structure) is used. The concepts of particle displacement, velocity, and acceleration are used to describe how the ground or structure responds to excitation. Although displacement is generally easier to understand than velocity or acceleration, it is rarely used to describe ground and structure borne vibration because most transducers used to measure vibration directly measure velocity or acceleration, not displacement. Accordingly, vibratory motion is commonly described by identifying the peak particle velocity (PPV).

Federal Transit Administration
To address the human response to ground vibration, FTA has set forth guidelines for maximum- acceptable vibration criteria for different types of land uses. These guidelines are presented in Table 11.
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Table 11
Ground-Borne Vibration (GBV) Impact Criteria for General Assessment Land Use Category
GVB Impact Levels (VdB re 1 micro-
inch/second)
Frequent
Events1
Occasional
Events2
Infrequent
Events3
Category 1: Buildings where vibration would
interfere with interior operations. 65 4 65 4 65 4
Category 2: Residences and buildings where
people normally sleep. 72 75 80
Category 3: Institutional land uses with primarily
daytime uses. 75 78 83
Notes: VdB = vibration decibels referenced to 1 μ inch/second and based on the root mean square (RMS) velocity amplitude. 1 “Frequent Events” is defined as more than 70 vibration events of the same source per day. 2 “Occasional Events” is defined as between 30 and 70 vibration events of the same source per day. 3 “Infrequent Events” is defined as fewer than 30 vibration events of the same source per day. 4 This criterion is based on levels that are acceptable for most moderately sensitive equipment such as optical microscopes. Vibration- sensitive manufacturing or research would require detailed evaluation to define acceptable vibration levels.

Source: FTA 2018.

California Department of Transportation
In 2013, Caltrans published the Transportation and Construction Vibration Manual (Caltrans 2013b). The manual provides general guidance on vibration issues associated with construction and operation of projects in relation to human perception and structural damage. Table 12 presents recommendations for levels of vibration that could result in damage to structures exposed to groundborne vibration.

Table 12
Caltrans Recommendations Regarding Levels of Vibration Exposure Maximum PPV (in/sec)
Type of Building and Condition Transient Sources Continuous/Frequent Intermittent Sources

0.12 0.08 Extremely fragile historic buildings,
ruins, ancient monuments

0.2 0.1 Fragile buildings

0.5 0.25 Historic and some old buildings

0.5 0.3 Older residential structures

1.0 0.5 New residential structures

2.0 0.5 Modern industrial/commercial
buildings
Notes: PPV= peak particle velocity; in/sec = inches per second.

Source: Caltrans 2013b:38

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Construction Vibration
Possible sources of vibration would include heavy-duty construction equipment such as pile drivers, bulldozers, dump trucks, backhoes, rollers, and blasting activities.

When considering potential impacts from construction-related vibration, both structural damage and human disturbance within occupied nearby structures are considered. Regarding structural damage, Caltrans provides guidance for various structure types. Generally, the buildings located in the Proposed HOAs consist of commercial buildings and a mix of newer and older residential structures. Therefore, to provide a conservative analysis this analysis uses Caltrans guidance for older residential structures which states that they could be damaged if exposed to vibration levels that exceed 0.3 PPV/second (Caltrans 2013b). Assuming normal propagation conditions, vibration generated by a bulldozer could exceed the threshold for structural damage within approximately 11 feet of bulldozer activity. It is unlikely that a bulldozer would operate within 11 feet of any existing building. Additionally, construction of future housing units would not include vibration-intensive activities such as blasting or pile driving. Therefore, construction activities from the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in structural damage to nearby structures from vibration-generating construction activities.

Regarding human disturbance from construction activities, FTA considers a vibration level of 65 vibration decibels (VdB) to be the threshold of perceptibility for humans. Based on FTA’s vibration criteria, a significant impact would occur if vibration levels exceeded 80 VdB within places where people normally sleep (FTA 2018). However, as detailed above, construction activity would occur between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. during weekdays and 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Saturdays; and thus, would generally not take place when people are sleeping.

As discussed above, construction activities would not result in structural damage to nearby structures from vibration-generating construction activities. Additionally, construction activities would take place during the daytime hours when people are generally not sleeping and would therefore not be disrupted. The Proposed Project and future housing units would result in a less than significant impact.
c) The Proposed HOAs are located within the City of Bellflower, not within the vicinity of a private airstrip, an airport land use plan, or within 2 miles of a public airport. Therefore, the Proposed Project would not expose people to excessive airport-related noise and there would be no impact.

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14. POPULATION AND HOUSING

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XIV. Population and Housing.

Would the project:
a) Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?

b) Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing
elsewhere?

Discussion
a) The Proposed Project could introduce up to 4,147 new residential units within the Proposed HOAs.

According to 2020 U.S. Census data, the City had an estimated population of 77,131 persons and an average household size of 3.29 persons in 2020 (U.S. Census Bureau 2020). Due to the addition of up to 4,147 new residential units, the Proposed Project would introduce up to approximately 13,643 persons to the Proposed HOAs. However, a portion of the future residential projects will replace the existing population currently residing within the HOAs’ existing residential units. Further, the Proposed Project would be located within developed areas that are already served by existing infrastructure. Thus, the project would not result in indirect unplanned growth in the area. Impacts would be less than significant.
b) While the Proposed Project could remove existing residential units, it would include a substantial number of units and would more than replace any lost units. Up to 4,147 new residential units could be constructed over the Proposed Project horizon. Therefore, development of the future residential units would not displace any existing residential housing or people, and no impact would occur.

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15. PUBLIC SERVICES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XV. Public Services.

Would the project:
a) Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, or the need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Fire protection?
Police protection?
Schools?
Parks?
Other public facilities?
Discussion
a.i) The Consolidated Fire Protection District for Los Angeles County (LACFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the City, including the Proposed HOAs. The LACFD provides traditional fire and life safety services to approximately 4 million residents living in 1.23 million housing units in 58 cities and all unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County (LACFD 2017). The LACFD has two stations located within the City: Station 23, located at 9548 East Flower Street; and Station 98, located at 9814 Maplewood Avenue (LACFC 2019).

Construction of the future residential units contemplated by the Proposed Project could increase the demand for fire protection and emergency medical services, and could cause the occasional exposure of combustible materials, such as wood, plastics, sawdust, coverings, and coatings, to heat sources including machinery and equipment sparking, exposed electrical lines, welding activities, and chemical reactions in combustible materials and coatings. Typical of any development, however, all construction managers and personnel should be trained in fire prevention and emergency response, as required by Cal OSHA. Further, fire suppression equipment required by any typical construction would also be maintained in accordance with the 2019 California Fire Code as adopted by the Bellflower Municipal Code. Compliance with these regulations would reduce potential impacts of fire hazards to insignificant levels. Construction- related traffic could result in increased travel time due to flagging or stopping of traffic to accommodate trucks entering and exiting the construction site. However, all potential impacts would be temporary and on an intermittent basis and truck routes for material and equipment deliveries and disposal, would require approval by the City’s Public Works Department. Therefore, impacts regarding emergency response times and emergency access during construction would be less than significant.

If constructed, occupancy of the 4,147 residential units would introduce up to approximately 13,643 new persons to the Proposed HOAs, which would increase the demand for fire protection and emergency medical services. A portion of this increased demand would be offset by the redevelopment of the underlying non-residential land uses. However, the residential units would be subject to fire protection design standards, as applicable, per the CBC and Chapter 15.40 of the Bellflower Municipal Code, to ensure adequate fire protection. Further, the future residential units would be located in urban infill areas within an existing fire service area that is already served by LACFD. Because the Proposed HOAs are already served by LACFD and compliance all 375

Federal, State, and local fire and emergency response regulations is required, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered fire protection facilities. Impacts would be less than significant.
a.ii) Police protection for the City and the Proposed HOAs is provided by the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department (LASD), which is under contract with the City’s local law enforcement services. The LASD serves an area of approximately 4,084 square miles with a population of approximately 10 million persons. The LASD provides general law enforcement services to 42 contract cities; 141 unincorporated communities; 216 facilities, hospitals, and clinics located throughout the County; nine community colleges; the Metropolitan Transit Authority; and 37 Superior Courts. The LASD further provided services such as laboratories and academy training to other law enforcement agencies located within the County. In addition, the LASD is responsible in securing approximately 18,000 inmates daily in seven custody facilities which includes providing food and medical treatment. The LASD includes approximately 18,000 employees (LASD 2017). The Bellflower Sheriff Substation Sub Station is located at 16615 Bellflower Boulevard.

Construction of the future housing units could require the storage of equipment and building materials, which could result in theft, graffiti, and vandalism. Typical of any development, perimeter fencing would be required for those developments that store equipment and building materials onsite.

After construction, operations of future residential development could increase the demand for police protection services through the addition of approximately 13,643 persons within the Proposed HOAs. However, the Proposed HOAs are already developed and served by existing law enforcement, which is 0.001 percent of LASD’s serving population of 10 million. Further, the Proposed Project and future residential development would be consistent with the existing/proposed zoning and land use designations at the Proposed HOAs and therefore this increase in population has already been accounted for in the City’s plans for growth. Therefore, the Proposed Project and future housing units would not result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered police protection facilities. a.iii) The Proposed Project could introduce approximately 13,643 persons to the Proposed HOAs, which could increase student enrollment within those schools located in the City. However, housing unit developers would be required to pay appropriate school fees to alleviate the potential burden on existing school capacities. Therefore, with payment of appropriate fees, impacts to schools would be less than significant.
a.iv) The Proposed Project would introduce approximately 13,643 persons to the Proposed HOAs, which could increase demand for parks within the City. Typical of any development, the applicant for future development would be required to pay park fees for the residential units to alleviate potential burden on existing parks. Therefore, with payment of appropriate fees, impacts to parks would be less than significant.
a.v) The Proposed Project does not propose any land uses that would directly result in the need for other additional public services. The additional population resulting from future housing units represents about a 17 percent increase over the existing City population, which is not considered significant. The Proposed Project and any future housing units would not result in the need or alteration of any other public facilities. Impacts would be less than significant.

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16. RECREATION

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XVI. Recreation.

Would the project:
a) Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?

b) Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities that might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?

Discussion
a) The Proposed Project could potentially increase population by approximately 13,643 persons, which could increase demand on parks and recreational facilities. However, a portion of the future residential projects will replace the existing population currently residing within the HOAs existing residential units. Future residential development projects would be required to pay park fees for the residential portion of development in order to alleviate potential burden on existing parks.

Therefore, with payment of appropriate fees, impacts to parks would be less than significant. b) The Proposed Project does not include the construction of public recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities that might have an adverse physical effect on the environment. No impacts would occur.

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17. TRANSPORTATION

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XVII. Transportation.

Would the project:
a) Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities?

b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)?

c) Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?

d) Result in inadequate emergency access?
Environmental Setting
This section describes the existing environmental setting, which is the baseline scenario against which project-specific impacts are evaluated. The environmental setting for transportation includes descriptions of roadway, transit, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities.

Roadway System
The roadway network serving the City consists of the following roadway classifications: freeways, major arterials, secondary arterials, collector streets, and local residential streets. A brief description of each, as described in the Circulation Element of General Plan, is provided below:
 Freeways generally provide inter-regional access. Their primary function is to move vehicles through the City; and thus, typically do not provide access to adjacent land uses, and limited access to arterial streets.
 Major arterial streets and highways are designed to move relatively high volumes of traffic between freeway systems, and between the freeway and local circulation system.  Secondary arterials are designed to collect and distribute traffic from major highways and other arterials roadways to traffic destinations such as schools, shopping centers, and employment centers.
 Collector streets are intended to carry traffic between residential neighborhoods and the arterial street network.
 Local residential streets are intended to be low-speed, low-volume streets designed to serve individual properties in the City. They allow access to residential driveways and often provide parking for the neighborhood. They are not intended to serve through traffic traveling from one street to another, but solely local traffic.

Transit System
Transit within the City consists of the Bellflower Bus fixed-route bus system and paratransit service. The Bellflower Bus consists of two routes: the North Route and the South Route. Both routes have 30-minute headways. Paratransit service in the City, also known as Dial-A-Ride, is an “on-demand,” curb-to-curb transportation service for Bellflower residents 55 years or older and disabled persons of any age.
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In addition, the City of Norwalk operates its own fixed route bus service including Route 1 which provides service from Rio Hondo College in the City of Whittier south to the City of Bellflower. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) also offers fixed route transit in the area. The City is served by MTA routes 127, 130, 266, and 631.

Bicycle and Pedestrian System
The bicycle facilities making up the City’s bicycle network are defined by the following classifications:
 Multi-Use Paths (Class I) are physically separated from motor vehicle travel routes, with exclusive rights-of-way for non-motorized users like bicyclists and pedestrians.  Bike Lanes (Class II) are one-way route types that carry bicycle traffic in the same direction as the adjacent motor vehicle traffic.
 Bike Routes (Class III) are suggested bicycle paths of travel marked by signs designating a preferred path between destinations.

Discussion
a) Each residential project would be subject to, and designed in accordance with, City plans, policies, and programs for transit, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. Specifically, future residential development would be subject to General Plan and TOD SP policies. Additionally, subsequent project site designs would be required to incorporate improvements consistent with applicable City guidelines, standards, and specifications related to transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities.

The following discussion includes a brief description of the regulatory setting and impact analyses related to pedestrian and bicycle facilities and transit services.

Southern California Association of Governments
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is an association that includes the Counties of Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura, as well as 191 cities, including the City of Bellflower. As a metropolitan planning organization, SCAG is required to prepare a long-range transportation plan (the regional transportation plan) for all modes of transportation, including public transit, automobile, bicycle, and pedestrian, every four years for the six-county area. In addition to preparing the region’s long-range transportation plan, SCAG assists in planning for transit, bicycle networks, clean air, and airport land uses.

Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy SCAG is responsible for preparing and updating the Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) and the corresponding Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP) for the six-county region. In response to this requirement, SCAG completed the 2020-2045 RTP/SCS: Connect SoCal (Connect SoCal). The purpose of Connect SoCal is to establish regional access and identify mobility goals; identify present and future transportation needs, deficiencies, and constraints within the transportation system; analyze potential solutions; estimate available funding; and propose investments. On September 3, 2020, SCAG’s Regional Council adopted the 2020 update to the RTP/SCS.

Federal Transportation Improvement Program
SCAG prepares and adopts the Federal Transportation Improvement Program (FTIP) on a biennial basis. The FTIP is a short-term listing of surface transportation projects that receive federal funds, are subject to a federally required action, or are regionally significant. SCAG adopted the Fiscal Year 2020/21-2025/26 FTIP in March 2021 (SCAG 2021). The project listing in the FTIP provides a detailed description for each individual project in Connect SoCal, including those in Los Angeles County and the City of Bellflower. 379

City of Bellflower General Plan
The General Plan provides a framework for future development and infrastructure within the City.

The Circulation Element of the General Plan was adopted in 1997. Circulation Element Policies applicable to the Proposed Project include these: 1.3; 3.1 and 3.3; 4.1 to 4.6; and 5.2 and 5.4.

Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan The Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD SP) provides design and development criteria for the City’s downtown area. The future West Santa Ana Branch Transit Corridor, which includes a station in the City, would connect Downtown Los Angeles and Orange County by light rail. This new transit system is anticipated to attract new development, encourage the use of alternative modes of transportation, and improve access to employment centers (City of Bellflower 2019). The TOD SP was developed as a blueprint to be used in conjunction with the General Plan to guide the development of future projects in the area.

The TOD SP policies that are relevant to the mobility impacts analyzed in this IS/MND are: 1.1 to 1.5;

2.1 to 2.5; 3.1 to 3.3; and 4.1 to 4.3.

Bellflower/Alondra Mixed-Use Overlay Zone
The BAMU Overlay Zone (BMC Chapter 17.61) provides land use and development standards and regulations that implement goals and policies of the General Plan which encourages the development of a mixed-use, pedestrian and transit-oriented environment. The BAMU Overlay Zone applies to the area bounded by Alondra Avenue to the north (including properties north of Alondra Avenue at the intersection of Bellflower Boulevard), the Pacific Electric rail corridor to the south, Stevens Avenue to the west, and Woodruff Avenue to the east (City of Bellflower 2014).

As stated in Section B, Description of Proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan Amendment, and Required Zone Changes to the Mixed Use Overlay Zone, Housing Opportunity Area 5 is within the BAMU Overlay Zone.

Bellflower Village Overlay Zone and Bellflower Village Overlay Zone – North An overlay zone allows the property to be developed and operated in compliance with the standard underlying zone or take advantage of new provisions in the overlay zone (e.g., increased maximum height), so long as certain conditions are met. Development within the overlay zone is optional and is voluntarily triggered by a developer (City of Bellflower 2019). BVOZ and BVOZ-N encourage increased pedestrian activity and access through greater building density and mixed- use development. As stated in Section B of this IS/MND, Housing Opportunity Area 6 is within the BVOZ-N and a portion of Housing Opportunity Area 7 is within BVOZ-N.

Active Transportation Plan
The City of Bellflower and the City of Paramount developed a joint Active Transportation Plan (ATP) in 2019. The goal of the ATP is to increase the number of people who walk and bicycle for transportation and recreation. The ATP serves as a guide for future investments in bicycle and pedestrian programs and infrastructure to increase safety and provide connections for network users. The ATP presents existing facilities, opportunities, constraints, and destination points for bicycle users and pedestrians. Thus, the implementation of the ATP helps to meet goals related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and VMT.

Impact to Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities
Several HOAs of the Proposed Project are located within the TOD SP area, BAMU Overlay Zone, BVOZ, and BVOZ-N which are intended to encourage development which would increase pedestrian activity. Also, the TOD SP is proposed for amendment which would rename portions of the BAMU, BVOZ, and BVOZ-N to Mixed Use planning areas. Future development projects implemented under the Proposed Project would follow network design guidance as well as support the goals identified for the downtown area.
380

General Plan Policy 4.4 and Policy 4.6 support the inclusion of bicycle facilities in new developments such as bike parking and such improvements would be encouraged by the Housing Element in future residential projects. The Proposed Project would enhance the pedestrian environment by requiring the implementation of such policies and would not conflict with the existing or future bicycle system. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not adversely affect any existing or planned bicycle or pedestrian facility or conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing pedestrian or bicycle facilities. This impact would be less than significant.

Impact to Transit Services
The City expects to increase transit services in the future through the implementation of the West Santa Ana Branch Transit Coordinator as detailed in the TOD SP. TOD SP Policy 1.1 and Policy

1.2 encourage the development of complete streets and roadway improvements to increase the efficiency and safety of all modes of transportation including transit within the City. Additionally, General Plan Policy 3.1 calls to maintain the current level of transit service provided by the local transit system while working to enhance the system and increase the City’s transit mode split.

The Proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element proposes Policy 5.2 which calls for the creation of mixed use opportunities along key commercial corridors as a means of providing housing in close proximity to services and transit, enhancing pedestrian activity and community interaction (City of Bellflower 2021:39). Housing Element Policies 5.1 through 5.7 encourage a mix of housing types and infill development to increase density aligning with the City’s vision for increased transit ridership. The Proposed Project is expected to increase ridership; however, based on the relatively low existing transit trip generation and the future plans for additional transit service, it is not expected to exceed the capacity necessary to accommodate all existing and future passengers. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not adversely affect any existing or planned transit service, or conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing transit facilities. This impact would be less than significant.

Bus routes are operated in Bellflower by MTA and Bellflower Bus. Combined, these transit routes operate on less than 15 minute headways during the AM and PM peak hour, and include the intersection of two or more major bus routes. The 11 HOAs are located with one half-mile of an existing major transit stop and within a high quality transit corridor.

In addition, the Bellflower Station Metro Project is currently in the planning and environmental review phase, with station completion anticipated prior to 2029 Housing Element buildout year.

The Metro Project would provide transportation access between downtown Los Angeles and other suburbs in southern Los Angeles County. Providing a major transit hub within the TOD SP area would also reduce VMT per capita, as future residents and employers have additional transit opportunities to major employment centers in Los Angeles County.

Impact Summary
Improvements under the Proposed Project would support the City’s goals to increase active transportation and transit access in the area. Additionally, the future residential housing projects would follow General Plan policies that encourage complete streets and other measures to increase safety and convenience for alternative modes of transportation. Thus, the future projects implemented under the Proposed Project would not conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. Also, future applications for construction of housing units would be subject to additional CEQA review that may require additional environmental analysis and mitigation measures.

Therefore, this impact would be less than significant.
b) Senate Bill (SB) 743, passed in 2013, required the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) to develop new CEQA Guidelines that address traffic metrics under CEQA. As stated in the legislation, upon adoption of the new guidelines, “automobile delay, as described solely by 381

level of service (LOS) or similar measures of vehicular capacity or traffic congestion shall not be considered a significant impact on the environment pursuant to this division, except in locations specifically identified in the guidelines, if any.”
Beginning July 2020, these updates provide that vehicle miles traveled (VMT) are the only method used to identify transportation impacts for CEQA purposes. CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3 applies statewide. CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b) identifies criteria for analyzing the transportation impacts of a project. CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3(b)(1) addresses land use projects and describes that projects with specified proximity (i.e., 0.5-mile or less) to “major” or “high quality” transit should be presumed to cause a less-than-significant transportation impact. Additionally, CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3(b)(1) also describes that projects resulting in a decrease in VMT in the project area as compared to existing conditions should also be presumed to have a less-than- significant effect. CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3(b)(3), “Qualitative Analysis,” explains that there may be conditions under which a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis of VMT is appropriate. This Section provides that if existing models or methods are not available to estimate the VMT for the particular project being considered, a lead agency may qualitatively analyze VMT generated by a project. Additionally, this Section notes that for many projects, a qualitative analysis of construction traffic may be appropriate. CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3(b)(4), “Methodology,” explains that the lead agency has discretion to choose the most appropriate methodology to evaluate VMT subject to other applicable standards such as CEQA Guidelines § 15151 (standards of adequacy for EIR analyses).

In 2018, OPR published the most recent version of the Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA (Technical Advisory) which provides guidance for VMT analysis.

The 2018 Technical Advisory provides guidance related to screening thresholds for small projects to indicate when detailed analysis is needed or if a project can be presumed to result in a less than significant VMT impact. The Technical Advisory notes that projects that generate or attract fewer than 110 trips per day generally may be assumed to cause a less-than-significant transportation impact, absent substantial evidence indicating otherwise (OPR 2018). Therefore, using OPR guidance, projects that would generate fewer than 110 trips per day would be presumed to result in a less-than-significant VMT impact.

CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3 (b) requires that all transportation impacts be evaluated based upon VMT. Traditionally, transportation impacts were analyzed based on levels of service (LOS) on roadways and intersections. The Proposed Project is a discretionary project subject to CEQA.

VMT analysis is required in CEQA documents unless it can be screened out by demonstrating that the project meets the required VMT reduction for an exemption.

The VMT guidelines contained in the Technical Advisory established that low income housing is exempt from a VMT analysis. However, moderate, and higher income housing units are not exempt. OPR guidelines state that the goal for residential development must be a 15 percent reduction in VMT when compared to pre-project baseline VMT. Demonstration of a 15 percent or greater reduction in VMT exempts the Proposed Project from further VMT analysis and is considered to be less than significant for CEQA purposes. The California State Travel Demand model established 13 vehicle miles travelled per person, and a typical residential unit in Bellflower contains three persons. Consequently, using the previously stated criteria each unit is expected to generate 39 VMT (13 VMT multiplied by 3 people per unit).

The Proposed Project could ultimately result in construction of residential units, and provides a policy framework for future development within the HOAs. All future projects would be subject to the City's development review process and would be required to demonstrate consistency with General Plan Circulation Element policies and requirements that address the circulation system. 382

Table 13 VMT guidelines were adopted in 2020. Future projects would be subject to the baseline VMT based on the year a transportation study is prepared, if applicable and required.

Table 13
Baseline VMT for Southern Los Angeles County
Baseline Area Residential
VMT/Capita
Employment VMT
/ Employee
Total VMT/Service
Population
South County 12.7 18.4 31.1
Source: Los Angeles County Public Works Transportation Impact Analysis Guidelines, July 2020 Table 14 presents the analysis using the above-described criteria and the number of housing units differentiated by income level. The formula was based on the document, "Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA"; OPR; April 2018. In addition, research sponsored by Caltrans has determined that VMT for very low- and low-income housing generates 47% less VMT than moderate- or higher-income housing.

Table 14
VMT Calculation Summary
Residential Units VMT / Unit Total VMT VMT Reduction % VMT Reduction
4,147 - Total 39 161,733 129,417 (1) 20%
Lower – 1,763 39 68,757 36,441(1) 53%
Moderate & Above
Moderate – 2,384
39 92,976 N/A N/A
Notes: 13-mile VMT/person, 3 persons per unit, average VMT is 39 miles 15% VMT reduction goal
Source: City of Bellflower. Caltrans 53% reduction factor for lower income units To determine if the 4,147 net new residential units meet the above requirements, and/or reduce the VMT by 15 percent of existing VMT or greater, the City’s Traffic Engineer conducted a brief analysis. The Proposed Project could add up to 4,147 net new housing units, of which approximately 43 percent would be for lower income categories. Applying a VMT reduction factor to these lower income units, the City calculated that overall VMT for the Proposed Project would be reduced by 20 percent, exceeding the 15 % threshold. Additionally, residential development within the Housing Opportunity Areas, including the TOD SP area, is intended to create transit- supportive uses around the future Metro Bellflower Transit Station and would meet OPR's screening criteria for projects near transit stations or a major transit stop that is located along a high-quality transit corridor. CEQA Guidelines § 15064.3(b)(1) states that lead agencies generally should presume that certain projects (including residential, retail, and officer projects, as well as projects that are a mix of these land uses) proposed within one half-mile of an existing major transit stop or an existing stop along a high quality transit corridor will have a less than significant impact on VMT. Pursuant to Public Resources Code § 21064.3, “major transit stop” means a site containing an existing rail transit station, a ferry terminal served by either a bus or rail transit, or the intersection of two or more major bus routes with a frequency of service interval of 15 minutes or less during the morning and afternoon peak commute periods. As shown in Table 14, the Proposed Project would reduce VMT by 20 percent, exceeding the 15 percent significance threshold.
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The Proposed Project is consistent with other regional programs designed to reduce VMT, including SCAG's Connect SoCal. The Proposed Project would support the Connect SoCal overall land use pattern of reinforcing the trend of locating new housing and employment in High Quality Transit Areas with the intent of reducing VMT and GHG. The Proposed Project would also help increase the share of total trips that use transit. The TOD sub-district would provide residential and employment opportunities closer to major transit hub, which would ultimately reduce VMT per capita in the City.

All future projects would be subject to the City's development review process, and would be required to demonstrate consistency with policies and requirements. Any traffic demand measures required for mitigation would be required to comply with General Plan Circulation Element, which aims to encourage and facilitate high traffic generation land uses near public transit facilities, such as the future Metro Station. The Proposed HOAs are within a previously urbanized and developed area, and therefore future in-fill development facilitated by the Proposed Project would be expected to reduce VMT. Future housing and commercial development within the TOD SP area would provide more housing closer to employment and commercial areas, further increasing opportunities to reduce VMT and increase the ease of walking, cycling, and using public transit. Therefore, impacts related to VMT would be less than significant. c) As shown in Figure 2 of this IS/MND, the Proposed HOAs are located along existing major roadways that would provide primary site access. The City is responsible for the enforcement of City standards governing the construction, alteration, and maintenance of buildings and structures. Subsequent projects under the Proposed Project, including housing site development and emergency access improvements would be subject to, and designed in accordance with City standards and specifications. These standards and specifications address potential design hazards including sight distance, driveway placement, and signage and striping. Additionally, any new transportation facilities, or improvements to such facilities associated with subsequent projects, would be constructed based on State and City industry design standards. Therefore, the Proposed Project and any future housing units would not substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature or incompatible uses. This impact would be less than significant. d) Projects implemented under the Proposed Project would be required to meet all State and local regulations related to emergency access during construction and operations. As discussed above, by virtue of being designed in accordance with City standards and specifications, future residential projects would provide adequate emergency access. Additionally, future improvements would be required to comply with the California Fire Code (Title 24, Part 9, CCR), adopted by reference in Bellflower Municipal Code § 15.40.010, which requires the width of an unobstructed roadway to measure not less than 24 feet to provide adequate access for fire and emergency responders.

Because all future transportation infrastructure improvements associated with the Proposed Project would be subject to review by the City and other responsible emergency service agencies, any such project would be designed to meet all applicable emergency access and design standards. Therefore, the Proposed Project would not result in inadequate emergency access.

This impact would be less than significant.

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18. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XVIII. Tribal Cultural Resources.

Has a California Native American Tribe requested consultation in accordance with Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1(b)? Yes No Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k)?

b) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe?

Discussion
a) The Proposed HOAs are developed with existing structures and improvements. None of these existing structures and improvements are listed or eligible for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources as defined by Public Resources Code § 5020.1(k) or of any known value to a Native American Tribe. To confirm that Native American resources would not be disturbed, in accordance with AB 52 and SB 18, the City sent letters on April 23, 2021, inviting consultation with the following Native American Tribal Governments: Gabrielino Tongva Nation; Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians; Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe; Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation; Gabrielino/Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians; Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council; and Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians. None of the tribes identified any significant tribal cultural resources exist within the Proposed HOAs. Project impacts would be less than significant.
b) As discussed in Section 5, Cultural Resources, of this IS/MND, due to the unknown location of the future residential units within the Proposed HOAs, it cannot be determined if any structures within the areas that could be considered to be historically significant and potentially impacts based on set forth in Public Resources Code § 5024.1(c). Furthermore, none of the Native American Tribes identified any specific historical or cultural resource that could be deemed significant during the consultation process. The potential for unknown buried tribal cultural resources is considered low in this fully developed urban environment where heavy soil disturbance has occurred. Although unlikely, if any previously unknown subsurface artifacts are encountered during ground-disturbance activities, MM-CUL-1 and MM-CUL-2 would be implemented, which requires grading to be halted in the event of an archaeological discovery and the resource to be addressed by a qualified archaeologist in accordance with the City’s criteria. Therefore, impacts to unknown tribal cultural resources would be less than significant with mitigation.

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19. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XIX. Utilities and Service Systems.

Would the project:
a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or stormwater drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunication facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?

b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry, and multiple dry years?

c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider that serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand, in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?

d) Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals?

e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste?

Discussion
a) Water: Water service is provided to the Proposed HOAs by four entities: 1) City of Bellflower, 2) Bellflower Somerset Mutual Water Company (BSMWC), 3) Bellflower Home Gardens Water Company and 4) Liberty Utilities. Customer needs are served through local groundwater with supplemental quantities coming from recycled water. BSMWC owns roughly three-quarters of the groundwater supplies needed to serve its customers and leases the remainder from the City of Bellflower (BSMWC 2019). Currently, the Proposed HOAs are already entirely disturbed and not used as local groundwater recharge facilities as the areas are mostly built out with a relatively high impervious condition. The primary groundwater production wells are several miles away from the City (BSMWC 2011). The future residential units contemplated by the Proposed Project would be located on previously developed areas and would be surrounded by existing development on all sides.

BSMWC has the capacity to serve the future residential units. Therefore, the Proposed Project would not require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water facilities.

Impacts would be less than significant.

Sewer: Two sanitary sewer systems exist in the City. One of the systems includes local lines operated by the City of Bellflower and the other system includes trunk sewers and treatment operated by Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) (City of Bellflower 2014). The City’s Public Works Department manages the City’s sanitation sewer collection system and serves a population of approximately 77,000 people. The collection system consists of about 99 miles of gravity sewer lines.

Sewage is collected by City collector facilities and then conveyed to trunk sewers owned and maintained by LACSD District #2, which then treats the sewage at the regional Los Coyotes Water Reclamation Plant or the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP) in Carson. Wastewater generated by the Proposed Project would be treated only at the JWPCP (City of Bellflower 2019).

Wastewater generated within the Proposed HOAs would flow into local sewer lines, owned by the City and eventually into the regional LASD sewer lines (City of Bellflower 2019). 386

The City prepared a Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP) in 2014 to provide a plan and schedule to properly manage, operate, and maintain all parts of the sanitary sewer system (City of Bellflower 2014). The SSMP includes the entire City and therefore the Proposed HOAs. The SSMP included an evaluation of the existing wastewater collection system within the City, including sewer line and manhole inspections, gas trap manholes, and sewer line cleaning. The Proposed HOAs are not located within areas of needed improvements and no new or expanded services would be required as a result of the Proposed Project. The Proposed Project would not require or result in the relocation or construction of construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects. Impacts would be less than significant.

Stormwater Drainage: The Proposed HOAs are developed with existing land uses. Accordingly, the Proposed Project would not result in substantial amounts of additional impervious surfaces on site that could drastically alter the drainage pattern of the sites. Thus, the Proposed Project is not expected to require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded stormwater drainage. Impacts would be less than significant.

Electric and Telecommunications: Electric service is provided by SCE; telecommunication service is provided by multiple carriers. The Proposed HOAs are located on already developed areas and are surrounded by development on all sides. While on-site utility improvements would be required to serve future projects, such utilities are included in the Proposed Project.

Construction of these utilities would not result in environmental effects aside those outlined in this IS/MND. Impacts would be less than significant.
b) The Proposed Project would increase the intensity of uses within the Housing Opportunity Areas, resulting in increased water use. CalEEMod default water usage rates were used to estimate the anticipated water demand of the Proposed Project. Based on the CalEEMod generation rates, total indoor and outdoor water use per day during project operation would be approximately 1,206,301 gallons per day or 440.3 million gallons per year (see Appendix A).

The Proposed HOAs are within the water service boundaries of four water companies/entities.

WC. The BSMWC serves potable water to an area of approximately 2.63 square miles of the City and approximately 46,230 people. The three other companies serve the balance of the city.

According to BSMWC’s 2011 Urban Water Management Plan, BSMWC would have adequate supplies to serve its service area for a 1-, 2-, and 3-year period during a single dry year and multiple dry years. With a 50 percent reduction of purchased water, BSMWC would still be able to provide 5,662 acre-feet per year of water or 5.1 million gallons per day to its service area. The water consumption estimated for the proposed project would consist of 0.9 percent of the water supply provided by BSMWC to its service area even with a 50 percent reduction in purchased water. Therefore, because BSMWC has adequate supplies to serve its service area during a single dry year and multiple dry years, and because water consumption estimated to occur as a result of the Proposed Project would be minimal, impacts would be less than significant. c) LASD provides wastewater service to the Proposed HOAs. CalEEMod default water usage rates were used to estimate the anticipated water demand of the proposed project. Wastewater generated by the proposed project would be treated only at the JWPCP (City of Bellflower 2019).

Based on the CalEEMod generation rates, wastewater use per day during project operation would be approximately 1,206,301 gallons per day or 440.3 million gallons per year (see Appendix A). The JWPCP currently has the capacity to handle approximately 100 million gallons of wastewater per day. The Proposed Project would result in 0.03 percent of JWPCP’s current capacity. Therefore, the increase in wastewater attributed to the Proposed Project would be nominal and adequate capacity is available to serve the projected demand, in addition to the provider’s existing commitments. Impacts would be less than significant.
387

d) The Proposed Project would generate solid waste and recycling during both the construction and operation. The California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (AB 939) requires the City to divert 50 percent of its waste from landfills. The BMC requires diversion, via reuse or recycling of 100 percent of all inert debris, such as concrete and dirt, and 50 percent of the remaining construction and demolition debris generated by all construction and renovation projects. Future project applicants would be required to submit a waste management plan (WMP) prior to being issued a building or demolition permit for demolition within the Proposed HOAs.

During operations, trash and recycling services are provided by CR&R. According to CR&R, waste generated in Bellflower is sent to the CR Transfer and Material Recovery Facility in Stanton, Southeast Resource Recovery Facility in Long Beach, with most of the loads going to the Downey Area Recycling and Transfer Facility (DART) in Downey (City of Bellflower 2019). DART is permitted to receive, handle, and process up to 5,000 tons per day of waste 24 hours per day, 7 days a week.

Residual waste from the facility is transferred to a fully permitted Class III landfill or transformation facility. In 2019, the average annual tonnage was estimated to be 720 tons per day (County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County 2017). Impacts would be less than significant, as the Proposed Project’s solid waste generation would not exceed the permitted capacity.

CalEEMod default solid waste generation rates were used to estimate the anticipated solid waste generation of the Proposed Project. Based on the CalEEMod generation rates, waste use per day during project operation would be approximately 5.2 tons per day or 1,907.6 tons per year (see Appendix A). Thus, the Proposed Project is expected to generate approximately 0.05 percent of the total waste handled at the DART facility. All waste would be disposed of in accordance with AB 939, which mandates that 50 percent of solid waste generated be diverted from landfill disposal through source reduction, recycling, or composting. Once constructed, solid waste and recycling generated from the project site would be typical of that generated by similar residential and commercial uses, and could potentially include small amounts of hazardous materials. Any hazardous materials would be disposed of in compliance with City requirements. Therefore, due to the nominal increase in solid waste generated for the Proposed Project, and through compliance with existing regulations, the Proposed Project would not generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals. Impacts would be less than significant. e) The Proposed Project would be required to submit a WMP before the City issues a building or demolition permit in compliance with the BMC. During operations, future development would be required to comply with AB 939, which requires that 50 percent of solid waste generated be diverted from landfill disposal through source reduction, recycling, or composting. Therefore, based on compliance with Federal, State, and local regulations, impacts associated with solid waste disposal would be less than significant.

388

20. WILDFIRE

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XX. Wildfire.

Is the project located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as high fire hazard severity zones?
If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project:

Yes No
a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?

b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?

c) Require the installation of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment?

d) Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes?

Discussion
a-d) The Proposed HOAs are not located within an area designated by CAL FIRE as a fire hazard severity zone or a local responsibility area (CAL FIRE 2007; CAL FIRE 2011). The Proposed Project and any future housing units would not impair an emergency response or evacuation plan, expose occupants to wildfire related pollutants, require infrastructure that would contribute to wildfire hazard or expose people to significant flooding or landslide risk due to wildfire. No impact would occur.

389

21. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less Than
Significant
with Mitigation
Incorporated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
XXI. Mandatory Findings of Significance.
a) Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number, or restrict the range of an endangered, rare, or threatened species, or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory?

b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects.)

c) Does the project have environmental effects that will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly?

Discussion
a) As discussed in Section 4, Biological Resources, the Proposed Project does not have the potential to degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, or reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal. Additionally, as addressed in Section 5, Cultural Resources, the Proposed Project does not have the potential to eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. b) As addressed throughout this IS/MND, both construction and operations could result in individual- level impacts that could be potentially significant without the incorporation of mitigation. Thus, when coupled with impacts related to the implementation of other related projects located throughout the broader geographic area, the proposed project would potentially result in cumulative-level impacts if these individual-level significant impacts were left unmitigated. (See Section 5, Cultural Resources,
The Proposed Project allows for up to 4,147 new residential units within the 11 Housing Opportunity Areas that are developed with existing land uses. As mitigation measures would be required for impacts to Cultural Resources, cumulative impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated.
c) As evaluated throughout this document, the Proposed Project could result in impacts to Cultural Resources. Therefore, effects on human beings would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated.

390

D. PREPARERS OF DOCUMENT AND

CONSULTED PERSONS AND AGENCIES
City of Bellflower
 Elizabeth Corpuz, Director of Planning and Building Services  Rowena Genilo-Concepcion, Planning Manager
 Jason P. Clarke, Senior Planner
 Jim Dellalonga, Director of Economic Development
 Jerry Stock, City Engineer
 Duane Morita, Planning and Environmental Consultant
Ascent Environmental
 Eric Ruby, Project Director
 Cori Resha, Project Manager
 Alyssa Way, Air Quality and Climate Change Analyst
 Poonam Boparai, Principal/Air Quality and Climate Change Specialist  Dimitri Antoniou AICP, Air Quality, Climate Change, and Noise Specialist  Phi Ngo, GIS Specialist/Resource Analyst
 Gayiety Lane, Publishing Specialist

391

E. REFERENCES
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Caltrans. See California Department of Transportation.

City of Bellflower. 1994. General Plan Open Space/Recreation Element. Adopted December 1994.

Available:
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Agricultural Resources
California Department of Conservation. 2016. California Important Farmland Finder. Available:
https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/ciff/ . Accessed July 14, 2021. ———. 2017. State of California Williamson Act Contract Land. Available:
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CDOC. See California Department of Conservation.

City of Bellflower. 2018. City of Bellflower Zoning Map. Updated August 15, 2018. Available:
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Air Quality
California Air Resources Board. 2003 (December). HotSpots Analysis and Reporting Program User Guide.
———. 2013. California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality. ———. 2019. California Ambient Air Quality Standards. Available:
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CARB. See California Air Resources Board.

OEHHA. See Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 2015 (February). Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.

SCAG. See Southern California Association of Governments.

SCAQMD. See South Coast Air Quality Management District. 392

South Coast Air Quality Management District. 1993. Air Quality Analysis Handbook. Available:
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———. 2017. Air Quality Management Plan Available: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default- source/clean-air-plans/air-quality-management-plans/2016-air-quality-management- plan/final-2016-aqmp/final2016aqmp.pdf?sfvrsn=15. Accessed August 15, 2021. ———. 2019. Air Quality Network Management Plan, Appendix A. Available:
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Southern California Association of Governments. 2020. The 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (Connect SoCal). Adopted on September 3, 2020.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2018. Criteria Air Pollutants. Available:
https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants#self . Accessed. November 5, 2019. ———. 2021. Current Nonattainment Counties for All Criteria Pollutants. Available:
https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/ancl.html . Accessed August 4, 2021.

U.S. EPA. See U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Biological Resources
California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2019. California Natural Community Conservation Plans.

Available: https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=68626&inline . Accessed October 2019.

CDFW. See California Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Cultural Resources
City of Bellflower. 1994. City of Bellflower General Plan 1995-2010, Conservation Element Technical Background Report.

Energy
Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2017. Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2017.

California Energy Commission and California Air Resources Board. 2003. Reducing California’s Petroleum Dependence.

California Energy Commission. 2018. 2019 Building Efficiency Standards. Available:
https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/title24/2019standards/documents/2018_Title_24_2019_Building_ Standards_FAQ.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2019.

California State Board of Equalization. 2016. Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons. Available:
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CEC. See California Energy Commission.
393

CEC and CARB. See California Energy Commission and California Air Resources Board National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2020.

SAFE, The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient 'SAFE' Vehicles Rule. Available:
https://www.nhtsa.gov/corporate-average-fuel-economy/safe#:~:text=The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule%2C,model years 2021 through 2026. Accessed December 8, 2020.

NHTSA and EPA. See National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

SCAG. See Southern California Association of Governments.

SCE. See Southern California Edison.

Southern California Association of Governments. 2020. The 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (Connect SoCal). Adopted on September 3, 2020.

Southern California Edison. 2020 (October). 2019 Power Content Label. ———. 2021. We’re Southern California Edison. Available: https://www.sce.com/about-us/who-we- are. Accessed August 12, 2021.

U.S. Energy Information Administration [EIA] 2021. California State Energy Profile. Available:
https://www.eia.gov/state/analysis.php?sid=CA#115 . Accessed July 23, 2021.

Geology and Soils
California Geologic Energy Management Division. 2019. Well Finder. Retrieved from CalGEM GIS:
https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Pages/WellFinder.aspx .

California Geological Survey. 2019. EQ Zapp: California Earthquake Hazards Zone Application.

Updated April 4, 2019. Available: https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geohazards/eq-zapp .

Accessed July 15, 2019.

CalGEM. See California Geologic Energy Management Division.

CGS. See California Geological Survey.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions
California Air Resources Board. 2017 (November). California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan.

CARB. See California Air Resources Board.

City of Bellflower. 2012. Bellflower Climate Action Plan. Available:
https://www.bellflower.org/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?blobid=24054 . Adopted on December 10, 2012.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2013. Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers.
———. 2014. Summary for Policymakers.
394

IPCC. See Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

South Coast Air Quality Management District. 2010 (September 28). Minutes for the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #15.

SCAQMD. See South Coast Air Quality Management District.

State of California. 2018. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Statewide Summary Report.

UN. See United Nations.

United Nations. 2015. Paris Agreement.

Hazards and Hazardous Materials
CAL FIRE. See California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

CalEPA. See California Environmental Protection Agency.

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 2007. Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas. Adopted by CAL FIRE on November 7, 2007. Available:
https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/6705/fhszs_map19.pdf . Accessed July 19, 2021. ———. 2011 (September). Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Local Responsibility Areas.

Available: https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/7280/losangelescounty.pdf . Accessed July 19, 2021.

California Department of Toxic Substances Control. 2021. EnviroStor Database. Available at:
https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/ . Accessed July 19, 2021.

California Environmental Protection Agency. 2021a. Cortese List Data Resources. Available at:
https://calepa.ca.gov/sitecleanup/corteselist/ . Accessed July 19, 2021. _____. 2021b. List of “active” CDO and CAO from Water Board. Available at:
https://calepa.ca.gov/sitecleanup/corteselist/ . Accessed July 19, 2021. _____. 2021c. Information Required From the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) Under Government Code Section 65962.5(a). Available at:
https://calepa.ca.gov/sitecleanup/corteselist/section-65962-5a/ . Accessed July 19, 2021. _____. 2016. Sites Identified With Waste Constituents Above Hazardous Waste Levels Outside the Waste Management Unit. Available at: https://calepa.ca.gov/wp- content/uploads/sites/6/2016/10/SiteCleanup-CorteseList-CurrentList.pdf. Accessed July 19, 2021.

City of Bellflower. 2017 (February). 2017 Safety Element. Available:
https://cms5.revize.com/revize/bellflowerca/Document%20Center/Department/Planning/Plan ning%20Division/Zoning%20Information/FINAL%20Safety%20Element%20(2017)%20- %20reduced.pdf. Accessed July 19, 2021.

DTSC. See California Department of Toxic Substances Control.

State Water Resources Control Board. 2021. GeoTracker. Available:
https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/ . Accessed July 19, 2021.

SWRCB. See State Water Resources Control Board.
395

Hydrology and Water Quality
California Department of Water Resources. 2019. DWR Groundwater Basin Boundary Assessment Tool (BBAT). Last updated February 11, 2019. Available: https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bbat/ .

Accessed November 6, 2019.

County of Los Angeles. 2017. Department of Public Works Building and Safety Division & Land Development Division Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP).

DWR. See California Department of Water Resources.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2019.FEMA Flood Map Service Center: Available:
https://msc.fema.gov/portal/home . Accessed November 25, 2019.

Los Angeles RWQCB. See Los Angeles Reginal Water Quality Control Board.

Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board. 2012. MS4 Discharges within the Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles County ORDER NO. R4-2012-0175, as amended by R4-2012- 0175-A01 NDPES NO. CAS004001. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/water_issues/programs/stormwater/municipal/los_ angeles_ms4/2016/OrderR4-2012-0175_corrected_120216.pdf. Accessed November 5, 2019. ———. 2014 (September 11). Basin Plan for the Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles and Ventura Countries. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/water_issues/programs/basin_plan/basin_plan_ documentation.html. Accessed November 2019
State Water Resources Control Board. 2016. 2014 and 2016 California Integrated Report (Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List and 305(b) Report. Available:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/integrated2014_2016.shtml .

Accessed November 6, 2019.

SWRCB. See State Water Resources Control Board.

Water Replenishment District of Southern California. 2016. Resolution No. 16-1048. December 8, 2016.

Available: https://sgma.water.ca.gov/portal/alternative/print/12 . Accessed November 6, 2019.

Land Use
No references cited.

Mineral Resources
California Department of Conservation. 1982. Mineral Lands Classification Map – Aggregate Resources Only. June 1, 1982. Available:
ftp://ftp.consrv.ca.gov/pub/dmg/pubs/sr/SR_143/PartIV/ . Accessed November 8, 2019.

City of Bellflower. 1994. General Plan Open Space/Recreation Element, December 1994. Available:
https://www.bellflower.org/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=28094 . Accessed November 2019.

DOC. See California Department of Conservation.
396

Noise
California Department of Transportation. 2013a (September). Technical Noise Supplement.

California Department of Transportation Division of Environmental Analysis. Sacramento, CA. Prepared by Jones & Stokes. https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot- media/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf. ———. 2013b (September). Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual.

Sacramento, CA: Noise, Division of Environmental Analysis. Sacramento, CA.

City of Bellflower. 1994. City of Bellflower 1995-2010 General Plan, Noise Element.

Federal Highway Administration. 2006. Construction Noise Handbook. Federal Highway Administration Office of Planning, Environment, and Realty. Washington, DC. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/construction_noise/handbook/handbook00.cfm .

Federal Transit Administration. 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. FTA Report No. 0123. Prepared by John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA. Available: https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research- innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibration-impact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no- 0123_0.pdf.

Population and Housing
U.S. Census Bureau 2020: QuickFacts Bellflower City, California, 2020. Available:
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/bellflowercitycalifornia . Accessed August 2021.

Public Services
LACFD. See Los Angeles County Fire Department.

LASD. See Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department.

Los Angeles County Fire Department. 2017. Los Angeles County Fire Department. March 2019.

Available: https://wearelacountyfire.org/file/la_county_fire_overview_booklet_0317.pdf .

Accessed November 20, 2019.
———. 2019. Fire Station Search by Address. Available: https://locator.lacounty.gov/fire . Accessed November 6, 2019.

Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department. 2017. About Us. Available:
https://www.lasd.org/about_us.html , accessed October 2017. Accessed November 6, 2019.

Recreation
No references cited.

Transportation
City of Bellflower. 2014 (August 11). Sewer System Management Plan. Available:
https://www.bellflower.org/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=24194 . Accessed November 8, 2019.
397

———. 2019 (October). The Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD SP).
———. 2021. Public Draft 2021-2029 Housing Element.

Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, 2018 (December). Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA.

Los Angeles County. 2020 (July 23). Los Angeles County Public Works Transportation Impact Analysis Guidelines.

OPR. See Governor’s Office of Planning and Research.

SCAG. See Southern California Association of Governments.

Southern California Association of Governments. 2021 (March). Final 2021 Federal Transportation Improvement Program.

Tribal Cultural Resources
No references cited.

Utilities and Service Systems
Bellflower Somerset Mutual Water Company. 2011. Urban Water Management Plan Resolution to Adopt. Available:
https://water.ca.gov/LegacyFiles/urbanwatermanagement/2010uwmps/Bellflower- Somerset%20Mutual%20Water%20Company/Bellflower%20Urban%20Water%20Mgt%20Pl an.pdf. Accessed November 7, 2019.
———. 2019. About Us. Available: https://bsmwc.com/about-us/ . Accessed November 7, 2019.

BSMWC. See Bellflower Somerset Mutual Water Company.

City of Bellflower. 2014 (August 11). Sewer System Management Plan. Available:
https://www.bellflower.org/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=24194 . Accessed November 8, 2019.
———. 2019. Bellflower Specific Plan. September 2019.

County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County. 2017 (March). Transfer/Processing Report for Downey Area Recycling and Transfer Facility. Available:
https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/swfacilities/Document/GetDocument/316072 . Accessed November 8, 2019.

Wildfire
CAL FIRE. See California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 2007. Fire Hazard Severity Zones in SRA. ———. 2011. Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA.

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399

Appendix A
Housing Opportunity Area Existing
Land Use Descriptions

400

401

Opportunity Area 1 – Rosecrans-McNab

Description: Opportunity Area 1 is comprised of three parcels totaling 13.1 acres located just south of Rosecrans Avenue adjacent to the San Gabriel River Trail in northern Bellflower. This Area is comprised of a former Kmart site with a few small retail spaces.

Located in the northwest corner of Area 1 is a Mobile gas station on one parcel with a smaller vacant parcel to the south. The Kmart parcel and the smaller parcel adjacent to the gas station are under the same ownership and are both listed for sale on LoopNet as of June 1, 2021. The existing gas station was constructed in 1972 and has a land to imrpovement ratio of less than one. Developed in 1984, the Kmart parcel is just over 12 acres and the smaller parcel next to the gas station is less than a half acre in size. While the Kmart parcel has a land improvement ratio around one, the structures have been vacant and uninproved for several years due to the nationwide decline in demand for retail space. The smaller parcel next to the gas station has a land improvement ratio of zero which concurrently makes it highly suitable for sale and redevelopment. Surrounding this Opportunity Area are single family residential uses to the north, low density residential to the south, and commercial/retail uses to the west. The photos on the following page, illustrate existing conditions of the buildings and parking areas in the Area 1.

General Plan Designation: General
Commercial (C-G)
Zoning Designation: Commercial (C)
Acreage: 13.1 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Qualified Census Tract: No

Existing Zoning
Area 1 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Existing Zoning Area 1 – Existing Zoning
402

403

Opportunity Area 2 – Clark-Alondra

Description: Opportunity Area 2 is comprised eight parcels totaling 3.75 acres located on the southwest corner of the intersection of Alondra Boulevard and Clark Avenue, north of the 91 Freeway. Area 2 is currently developed with retail and service uses, including shops and restraurants, in single-story stand-alone buildings, with large surface parking areas tucked behind. All the parcels included in this Area are less than an acre in size and were developed between 1946 and 1969. The highest land to improvement ratio of the parcels is 0.59 and none of the parcels have seen any significant improvements over the years, making them prime for redevelopment. Two parcels are currently under the same ownership which could help faciliate consolidation. Area 2 is surrounded by single family residential to the south, multi-family residential to the north, and a mix of commercial and retail uses to the east and west. The photos on the following page, illustrate existing conditions of the buildings and parking in the Area 2.

General Plan Designation: Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: General Commercial
(G-C)
Acreage: 3.75 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Quaified Census Tract: No

Area 2 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 2 – Existing Zoning
404

405

Opportunity Area 3 – Clark-Park

Description: Opportunity Area 3 is comprised of nine parcels totaling 3.7 acres located at the intersection of Park Street and Clark Avenue, just north of the Artesia 91 Freeway, a major arterial highway that intersects the City of Bellflower. Area 3 is currently developed with commercial, retail, and hospitality uses, including a restraurant, church, and motel in stand alone one- and two-story buildings with ample surface parking. The parcels identified in this Area were constructed from 1924 to 1986 and have land to improvement ratios of less than 1. Two pairs of parcels in this Area are owned by the same individual or entity which could help facilitate lot consolidation. One of such parcels is an underutilized Christian school that has not been improved and appears to be vacant.

General Plan Designation: Commercial
(C) and Medium Density Residential
Zoning Designation: Multiple Residential
Acreage: 3.7 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Qualified Census Tract: No

Area 3 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 3 – Existing Zoning
406

407

Opportunity Area 4 – Clark-Artesia

Description: Opportunity Area 4 is comprised of 42 parcels totaling 13.34 acres off Clark Avenue between Ramona and Palm Streets, just south of the 91 freeway. This Area is located in the southern portion of the City - outside of the Downtown Specific Plan area - and is mostly developed with stand-alone commercial buildings and surface parking lots. Existing uses onsite, include auto repair, tire service, and retail uses. Surrounding this Area is a mix of multiple-residential uses such as low-density apartment communities and triplexes. The majority of the parcels identified in Area 4 were constructed in the mid 1950’s with a few constructed in the early 1900’s and one in 1990. The average land to improvement ratio for Area 4 is less than 1, indicating that there has been limited investments made over the last several decades. Of the 42 parcels, 22 are owned by six General Plan Designation: Commercial (C) and
Medium Density Residential
Zoning Designation: Light Industrial (M-1),
General Commercial (G-C), Medium Density
Residential (R-2)
Acreage: 13.34 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Moderate
Qualified Census Tract: No

Area 4 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 4 – Existing Zoning
408

distinct entities, four are surface parking lots, and three others are vacant which may help facilitate lot consolidation and positions the Area well for redevelopment.

409

Opportunity Area 5 – Bellflower/Alondra

Description: Opportunity Area 5 is comprised of 52 parcels totaling 24.9 acres located near the intersection of Alondra and Bellfower Boulevards, two major arterial roadways that intersect the center of the City. Area 5 is just north of the planned Bellflower Metro station and within the Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD SP). The Area is currently developed with a mix of commercial and retail uses, including shops, restaurants, and strip malls in single-story stand alone buildings. There are also multiple parcels developed with single family homes that are considered non- conforming uses. The average parcel size for this Area is about half an acre and most parcels have a land to improvement ratio of less than one which indicates little investment in this Area has occurred over the last several decades. The majority of the structures in this Area were constructed in the mid 1950’s with a few exeptions. Based on the age of the structures and the low land-to-improvement value ratios this Area is ripe for redevelopment. The photos below, illustrate existing conditions of the buildings in Area

5. General Plan Designation: Specific Plan
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan
Acreage: 24.9 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Low
and Moderate Resource
Qualified Census Tract: Yes

Area 5 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 5 – Existing Zoning
410

411

Opportunity Area 6 – Bellflower Flora-Vista

Description: Opportunity Area 6 is comprised of 65 parcels totaling 14.0 acres located at the intersection of Flower Street and Bellfower Boulevard, just north of Artesia Freeway 91 and south of the Bellflower Bike Trail. Area 6 is just south of the planned Bellflower Metro station and within the Downtown Bellflower TOD Specific Plan. The Area is currently developed with commercial, retail, and mixed uses, including shops and restaurants, in single-and-multi-story buildings as well housing above ground floor retail uses. Parcels not fronting Bellflower Boulevard are primarily developed as surface parking lots. Several parcels in this Area are owned by the City of Bellflower. Other groups of parcels are under common ownership which can help facilitiate the acquisition and lot consolication process. Many of the structures in this Area were constructed prior to 1960 and have not been significantly improved which provides a great opportunity for redevelopment.

Located just south of the future transit station and within the City’s planned towncenter, General Plan Designation: Specific Plan
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan
Acreage: 14.0 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate Resource
Qualified Census Tract: No

Area 6 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 6 – Existing Zoning
412

this Area is well suited to redevelop into various high density mixed uses to maximize housing potential near high quality transit.

413

Opportunity Area 7 – Bellflower-Flower to 91 Fwy

Description: Opportunity Area 7 is comprised 71 parcels totaling 16.2 acres along Bellflower Boulevard, just north of the 91 Freeway. This Area is south of the planned Bellflower Metro station and some parcels fall within the Downtown Bellflower Transit Oriented Development Specific Plan (TOD Specific Plan). Area 7 is currently developed with commercial and retail uses, including shops, restraurants, and office buildings in single-story stand alone buildings with ample surface parking. Most parcels in this Area measure less than a 0.25 acres in size which would require lot consolidation to increase redevelopment feasibility. This is possible, as several groups of parcels are under common ownership. With most structures in this Area built prior to 1970, the average land to improvement ratio is well below 1. Area 7 is one of the key downtown/town-center target General Plan Designation: Specific Plan,
Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan
Acreage: 16.2 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Moderate
Resource
Qualified Census Tract: No

Area 7 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 7 – Existing Zoning
414

areas for the city of Bellflower and is in enriched with nearby amenities as well as high quality transit.

415

Opportunity Area 8 – Bellflower-Artesia

Description: Opportunity Area 8 is comprised of 20 parcels totaling 8.75 acres located south of Bellflower Boulevard and Artesia Boulevard, near the 91 Freeway. The Area is currently developed with commercial, industrial, and retail uses, including shops and restaurants in single-story stand alone buildings and strip malls. Within this Opportunity Area, there are a number auto repair shops and used car sale businesses that appear dilapidated and/or underutilized. Large portions of the Area are also utilized as surface parking, primarily along the rear of retail and commercial businesses off Bellflower Boulevard. These parcels were identified for redevelopment as the structures onsite were constructed in the 1950’s and have an average land to improvement ratio of 0.6. Based on the low land-to-improvement value ratio, age of structures and low densities, this Area offers great potential for redevelopment. Additionally, one of the parcels is also owned by the City which could further faciliate the development of deed-restricted units.

General Plan Designation: Industrial (I),
Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: Design for Development
(DFD)
Acreage: 8.75 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category: Moderate
Qualified Census Tract: No

Area 8 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 8 – Existing Zoning
416

Surrounding Opportunity Area 8 are a mix of multi-family housing developments and older individual retail storefronts.

417

Opportunity Area 9 – Bellflower-Artesia

Description: Opportunity Area 9 is comprised of 23 parcels totaling 6.28 acres located off Bellflower Boulevard, between Cedar Street and Rose Street, just south of the 91 Freeway. This Area is currently developed with commercial, residential, and recreational uses including shops, restraurants, auto-related uses, and a mobile home park, in single- story stand alone buildings and strip malls. Most of the retail and commercial uses front Bellflower Boulevard and were developed from the 1940’s through the 1970s and many of the retail spaces are vacant. Several groups of parcels in this Area are under common ownership which could facilitate lot consolidation. Most of the parcels included in this Area have not been improved in at least a few decades resulting in a land to improvement ratio of less than 1. Based upon the age of the structures, the low land-to- improvement ratios, large surface parking lots, and vacancy rate of the retail spaces, this Area is ready for redevelopment and could accommodate high intensity uses.

General Plan Designation: Commercial (C)
Zoning Designation: General Commercial (C-G)
Acreage: 6.28 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate Resource
Qualified Census Tract: No

Area 9 - Aerial View of Existing Uses
Area 9 – Existing Zoning
418

419

Opportunity Area 10 – Lakewood-Artesia

Description: Opportunity Area 10 is comprised of ten parcels totaling 13.8 acres located off of Lakewood Boulevard, just south of the 91 Freeway. This Area is currently developed with commercial and retail uses, including an underutilized shopping center, restaurants and auto-related businesses. Existing uses are predominently single-story stand-alone buildings surrounded by surface parking. The largest parcel in this Area is Lakewood Plaza which is a sizable, 10.44 acres, and lost its anchor store, Stater Bros, several years ago. To the east of Lakewood Plaza, there are three parcels, totalling 2.5 acres, currently owned by the same owner and used for auto-related uses in single story detached buildings. Majority of the structures in this Area were constructed in the 1940s and 1970s, and have not been significantly improved over the years. With seven out of the 10 parcels having a land improvement ratio of less than 0.5 and several parcels operating under common ownership, there is a good potential for redevelopment in this General Plan Designation: Commercial
(C) and Industrial (I)
Zoning Designation: General Commercial
(C-G) and Light Industrial (M-1)
Acreage: 13.8 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Qualified Census Tract: No
Bellflower Boulevard Area 10 - Aerial View of Existing Uses Area 10 – Existing Zoning
420

Area. Surrounding Opportunity Area 10 are a number of underutilized or vacant sites as well as large narrow parcels accomodating multiple standalone residential dwellings.

421

Opportunity Area 11 – Bellflower Station

Description: Opportunity Area 11 is comprised of four parcels totaling 7.2 acres located off of Bellflower Boulevard, just north of the Bellflower Bike Trail. This Area is currently developed with commercial and retail uses, including an underutilized shopping center, industrial businesses, and older mobile home communities. Most existing uses are single- story stand alone buildings primarily surrounded by surface parking. The largest parcel in this area is a mobile home community which has plans for redevelopment under Metro’s Specific Plan for the future transit station. There is also a parking lot at the corner of Bellflower Boulevard and the Bike Trail which is where the future transit station will be built.

General Plan Designation: Specific Plan
Zoning Designation: Specific Plan - General
Commercial (C-G) – Mixed Use Transit
Overlay
Acreage: 7.2 acres
TCAC Opportunity Resource Category:

Moderate
Qualified Census Tract: Yes
Bellflower Boulevard Area 11 - Aerial View of Existing Uses Area 11 – Existing Zoning
422

423

Appendix B
Air Quality and GHG Modeling Data

424

425

2.2 Overall Operational2.0 Emissions SummaryTable NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValuetblLandUseLotAcreage16.6242.280.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage adjusted based on existing lot square footageEnergy Use - Historical Data usedCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)390.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)Climate Zone9Operational Year2021Utility CompanySouthern California Edison01.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.2Precipitation Freq (Days)33Strip Mall 723.76 1000sqft 42.28 723,760.00Bellflower HE Existing Commercial - OperationalLos Angeles-South Coast County, Annual1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:36 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied426

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:36 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.7200 1.0558 20,803.55330.2161 5.8171 0.0000 20,445.9416 20,445.94160.2207 20.9944 0.2312 21.2256 5.6010Mobile 13.4945 15.5055 119.62092,118.8487 2,118.8487 0.1743 0.0223 2,129.83455.0000e-005 0.0000 0.0192Energy 7.1000e-003 0.0646 0.0542 3.9000e-0044.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 0.00003.0000e-005 3.0000e-005 0.0000 0.0180 0.01800.0000 3.0000e-005 3.0000e-005Area 2.9516 9.0000e-0059.2700e-003N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.522,753.3478 22,924.6190 12.7738 1.1212 23,578.07211.7628 0.0432 262.4850Total 16.4532 15.5702 119.6844 0.2211 20.99440.2362 21.2306 5.6010 0.2210 5.8220 171.27120.0000 0.0000 17.0082 188.5396 205.54780.0000 0.0000Water0.0000 154.2630 9.1167 0.0000 382.18001.7200 1.0558 20,803.5533Waste0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 154.26300.2161 5.8171 0.0000 20,445.9416 20,445.94160.2207 20.9944 0.2312 21.2256 5.6010Mobile 13.4945 15.5055 119.62092,118.8487 2,118.8487 0.1743 0.0223 2,129.83455.0000e-005 0.0000 0.0192Energy 7.1000e-003 0.0646 0.0542 3.9000e-0044.9100e-003 4.9100e-0034.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 0.00003.0000e-005 3.0000e-005 0.0000 0.0180 0.01800.00003.0000e-005 3.0000e-005Area2.9516 9.0000e-0059.2700e-003N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Unmitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5427

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:36 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.7200 1.0558 20,803.553320,803.5533Unmitigated 13.4945 15.5055 119.6209 0.2207 20.9944 0.2312 21.2256 5.6010 0.2161 5.8171 0.0000 20,445.9416 20,445.94160.0000 20,445.9416 20,445.9416 1.7200 1.0558CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrMitigated 13.4945 15.5055 119.6209 0.2207 20.9944 0.2312 21.2256 5.6010 0.2161 5.8171Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile4.1 Mitigation Measures MobileROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM100.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROG NOx CO SO222,753.3478 22,924.6190 12.7738 1.1212 23,578.07211.7628 0.0432 262.4850Total 16.4532 15.5702 119.6844 0.2211 20.99440.2362 21.2306 5.6010 0.2210 5.8220 171.27120.0000 0.0000 17.0082 188.5396 205.54780.0000 0.0000Water0.0000 154.2630 9.1167 0.0000 382.1800Waste0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 154.2630428

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:36 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.1729 0.0210 2,059.12370.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,048.5556 2,048.55560.0000 0.0000Electricity MitigatedN2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Historical Energy Use: Y5.1 Mitigation Measures EnergyROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.50.000624 0.023397 0.000686 0.00345.0 Energy Detail0.022726 0.005730 0.010818 0.008022 0.000956Strip Mall 0.548812 0.060892 0.186048 0.127862OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MHMDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD4.4 Fleet MixLand Use LDA LDT1 LDT264.40 19.00454015Strip Mall16.60 8.406.90 16.60H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary DivertedPass-byLand UseH-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W55,881,5334.3 Trip Type InformationMilesTrip %Trip Purpose %Total32,077.04 30,426.87 14,786.4255,881,533Annual VMTStrip Mall32,077.04 30,426.87 14786.4255,881,53355,881,533Land UseWeekday Saturday SundayAnnual VMT4.2 Trip Summary InformationAverage Daily Trip RateUnmitigatedMitigated429

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:36 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied70.2931 1.3500e-003 1.2900e-003 70.71084.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 0.0000 70.29310.0542 3.9000e-004 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-003Strip Mall 1.31724e+0067.1000e-003 0.0646N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yrtons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH41.2900e-003 70.7108MitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.54.9100e-003 0.0000 70.2931 70.2931 1.3500e-00370.2931 1.3500e-003 1.2900e-003 70.7108Total 7.1000e-003 0.0646 0.0542 3.9000e-004 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-0034.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 0.0000 70.29310.0542 3.9000e-004 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-003Strip Mall 1.31724e+0067.1000e-003 0.0646CH4 N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yr tons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO25.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGasUnmitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.570.2931 70.2931 1.3500e-003 1.2900e-003 70.71081.3500e-003 1.2900e-003 70.7108NaturalGas Unmitigated7.1000e-003 0.0646 0.0542 3.9000e-0044.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 0.00004.9100e-003 4.9100e-003 0.0000 70.2931 70.29313.9000e-0044.9100e-003 4.9100e-003NaturalGas Mitigated7.1000e-003 0.0646 0.05422,048.5556 2,048.5556 0.1729 0.0210 2,059.1237Electricity Unmitigated0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000430

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:36 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied5.0000e-005 0.0000 0.01923.0000e-005 3.0000e-005 0.0000 0.0180 0.01800.0000 3.0000e-005 3.0000e-005Landscaping 8.7000e-004 9.0000e-0059.2700e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Consumer Products 2.6153 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating0.3355CH4 N2O CO2eSubCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO5.0000e-005 0.0000 0.01926.2 Area by SubCategoryUnmitigated0.0192Unmitigated 2.9516 9.0000e-0059.2700e-003 0.0000 3.0000e-005 3.0000e-005 3.0000e-005 3.0000e-005 0.0000 0.0180 0.01800.0000 0.0180 0.0180 5.0000e-005 0.0000CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrMitigated 2.9516 9.0000e-0059.2700e-003 0.00003.0000e-005 3.0000e-0053.0000e-005 3.0000e-005Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total6.0 Area Detail6.1 Mitigation Measures AreaROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10432

2.2 Overall Operational2.0 Emissions SummaryTable NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValuetblLandUseLotAcreage16.6242.280.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage adjusted based on existing lot square footageEnergy Use - Historical Data usedCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)390.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)Climate Zone9Operational Year2021Utility CompanySouthern California Edison01.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.2Precipitation Freq (Days)33Strip Mall 723.76 1000sqft 42.28 723,760.00Bellflower HE Existing Commercial - OperationalLos Angeles-South Coast County, Summer1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:39 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied438

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:39 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied140,154.2388140,154.238810.9649 6.6462 142,408.937310.9563 6.6384 141,981.6706Total 101.0049 85.7710 719.3429 1.3710 128.4862 1.4156 129.9017 34.2245 1.3248 35.54941.2977 35.5222 139,729.5056139,729.50561.3689 128.4862 1.3884 129.8746 34.2245Mobile 84.7905 85.4165 718.9715424.5748 424.5748 8.1400e-003 7.7800e-003 427.09784.2000e-004 0.1689Energy 0.0389 0.3538 0.2972 2.1200e-0030.0269 0.0269 0.0269 0.02692.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15841.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004Area 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5140,154.2388140,154.238810.9649 6.6462 142,408.937310.9563 6.6384 141,981.6706Total 101.0049 85.7710 719.3429 1.3710 128.4862 1.4156 129.9017 34.2245 1.3248 35.54941.2977 35.5222 139,729.5056139,729.50561.3689 128.4862 1.3884 129.8746 34.2245Mobile 84.7905 85.4165 718.9715424.5748 424.5748 8.1400e-003 7.7800e-003 427.09784.2000e-004 0.1689Energy 0.0389 0.3538 0.2972 2.1200e-0030.0269 0.0269 0.0269 0.02692.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15841.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004Area 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COUnmitigated Operational439

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:39 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied64.40 19.00454015Strip Mall16.608.406.90 16.60H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary DivertedPass-byLand UseH-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W55,881,5334.3 Trip Type InformationMilesTrip %Trip Purpose %Total32,077.04 30,426.87 14,786.4255,881,533Annual VMTStrip Mall32,077.04 30,426.87 14786.4255,881,53355,881,533Land UseWeekday Saturday SundayAnnual VMT6.6384 141,981.67064.2 Trip Summary InformationAverage Daily Trip RateUnmitigatedMitigated35.5222139,729.5056139,729.505610.9563128.4862 1.3884 129.8746 34.2245 1.2977Unmitigated 84.7905 85.4165 718.9715 1.3689139,729.5056139,729.505610.9563 6.6384 141,981.6706CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayMitigated 84.7905 85.4165 718.9715 1.3689 128.4862 1.3884 129.8746 34.2245 1.2977 35.5222Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2 5Exhaust PM2 5PM2.5 Total4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile4.1 Mitigation Measures MobileROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM100.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROGNOx CO SO2440

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:39 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2ePM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4MitigatedROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.50.1584 0.1584 4.2000e-004 0.16894.2000e-004 0.1689Total 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742 1.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-0042.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15841.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004Landscaping 6.9300e-0036.8000e-004 0.07420.0000 0.00000.0000Consumer Products 14.3305 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating1.8382CH4 N2O CO2eSubCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO4.2000e-0040.16896.2 Area by SubCategoryUnmitigated0.1689Unmitigated 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742 1.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15840.1584 0.1584 4.2000e-004Category lb/daylb/dayMitigated 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742 1.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004443

2.2 Overall Operational2.0 Emissions SummaryTable NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValuetblLandUseLotAcreage16.6242.280.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage adjusted based on existing lot square footageEnergy Use - Historical Data usedCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)390.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033N2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)Climate Zone9Operational Year2021Utility CompanySouthern California Edison01.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.2Precipitation Freq (Days)33Strip Mall 723.76 1000sqft 42.28 723,760.00Bellflower HE Existing Commercial - OperationalLos Angeles-South Coast County, Winter1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:48 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied446

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:48 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied134,236.2533134,236.253311.4768 6.9666 136,599.226811.4682 6.9588 136,171.9601Total 99.0696 92.2717 713.8578 1.3126 128.4862 1.4172 129.9033 34.2245 1.3263 35.55091.2992 35.5237 133,811.5202133,811.52021.3105 128.4862 1.3900 129.8761 34.2245Mobile 82.8552 91.9172 713.4864424.5748 424.5748 8.1400e-003 7.7800e-003 427.09784.2000e-004 0.1689Energy 0.0389 0.3538 0.2972 2.1200e-0030.0269 0.0269 0.0269 0.02692.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15841.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004Area 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5134,236.2533134,236.253311.4768 6.9666 136,599.226811.4682 6.9588 136,171.9601Total 99.0696 92.2717 713.8578 1.3126 128.4862 1.4172 129.9033 34.2245 1.3263 35.55091.2992 35.5237 133,811.5202133,811.52021.3105 128.4862 1.3900 129.8761 34.2245Mobile 82.8552 91.9172 713.4864424.5748 424.5748 8.1400e-003 7.7800e-003 427.09784.2000e-004 0.1689Energy 0.0389 0.3538 0.2972 2.1200e-0030.0269 0.0269 0.0269 0.02692.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15841.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004Area 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COUnmitigated Operational447

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:48 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied64.40 19.00454015Strip Mall16.608.406.90 16.60H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary DivertedPass-byLand UseH-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W55,881,5334.3 Trip Type InformationMilesTrip %Trip Purpose %Total32,077.04 30,426.87 14,786.4255,881,533Annual VMTStrip Mall32,077.04 30,426.87 14786.4255,881,53355,881,533Land UseWeekday Saturday SundayAnnual VMT6.9588 136,171.96014.2 Trip Summary InformationAverage Daily Trip RateUnmitigatedMitigated35.5237133,811.5202133,811.520211.4682128.4862 1.3900 129.8761 34.2245 1.2992Unmitigated 82.8552 91.9172 713.4864 1.3105133,811.5202133,811.520211.4682 6.9588 136,171.9601CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayMitigated 82.8552 91.9172 713.4864 1.3105 128.4862 1.3900 129.8761 34.2245 1.2992 35.5237Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2 5Exhaust PM2 5PM2.5 Total4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile4.1 Mitigation Measures MobileROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM100.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROGNOx CO SO2448

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:48 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedCH4 N2O CO2eExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO25.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGasUnmitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5424.5748 424.5748 8.1400e-003 7.7800e-003 427.09788.1400e-003 7.7800e-003 427.0978NaturalGas Unmitigated0.0389 0.3538 0.2972 2.1200e-003 0.0269 0.0269 0.0269 0.02690.0269 0.0269 424.5748 424.57482.1200e-003 0.0269 0.0269NaturalGas Mitigated0.0389 0.3538 0.2972N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Historical Energy Use: Y5.1 Mitigation Measures EnergyROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.50.000624 0.023397 0.000686 0.00345.0 Energy Detail0.022726 0.005730 0.010818 0.008022 0.000956Strip Mall 0.548812 0.060892 0.186048 0.127862OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MHMDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD4.4 Fleet MixLand Use LDA LDT1 LDT2449

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 7/9/2021 12:48 PMBellflower HE Existing Commercial - Operational - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2ePM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4MitigatedROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.50.1584 0.1584 4.2000e-004 0.16894.2000e-004 0.1689Total 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742 1.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-0042.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15841.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004Landscaping 6.9300e-0036.8000e-004 0.07420.0000 0.00000.0000Consumer Products 14.3305 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating1.8382CH4 N2O CO2eSubCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO4.2000e-0040.16896.2 Area by SubCategoryUnmitigated0.1689Unmitigated 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742 1.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 0.1584 0.15840.1584 0.1584 4.2000e-004Category lb/daylb/dayMitigated 16.1755 6.8000e-004 0.0742 1.0000e-0052.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004 2.7000e-004451

tblConstDustMitigationCleanPavedRoadPercentReduction09tblConstDustMitigationWaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed015Construction Phase - Construction schedule adjusted to reflect one year of activity.Demolition - Grading - Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Rule 403; 1186Table NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValueN2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage updated to reflect project description.Utility CompanySouthern California EdisonCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)390.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033Precipitation Freq (Days)33Climate Zone9Operational Year20231.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.21184Apartments Mid Rise 105.00 Dwelling Unit 7.18 105,000.00 300Apartments High Rise 414.00 Dwelling Unit 11.73 414,000.00Bellflower HE - ConstructionLos Angeles-South Coast County, Annual1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied454

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedMitigated Construction969.1874 969.1874 0.1083 0.0420 984.41950.1083 0.0420 984.4195Maximum 2.0571 3.1171 4.2163 0.0106 1.0742 0.1294 1.2036 0.2748 0.1217 0.3965 0.00000.1217 0.3965 0.0000 969.1874 969.18740.0106 1.0742 0.1294 1.2036 0.27482022 2.0571 3.1171 4.2163N2O CO2eYeartons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH42.0 Emissions Summary2.1 Overall ConstructionUnmitigated ConstructionROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5tblLandUseLotAcreage6.6811.73tblLandUseLotAcreage2.767.18tblConstructionPhaseNumDays20.0013.00tblConstructionPhaseNumDays10.007.00tblConstructionPhaseNumDays20.0013.00tblConstructionPhaseNumDays30.0020.00tblConstructionPhaseNumDays20.00220.00tblConstructionPhaseNumDays300.00195.00455

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied5 1955 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 2/28/2022 12/30/2022 5 2204 Building Construction Building Construction 2/28/2022 11/25/2022573 Grading Grading 1/31/2022 2/25/2022 5 202 Site Preparation Site Preparation 1/20/2022 1/28/2022Num Days WeekNum Days Phase Description1 Demolition Demolition 1/1/2022 1/19/2022 5 13Phase NumberPhase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date3.0 Construction DetailConstruction PhaseHighest1.4654 1.46543 7-1-2022 9-30-20221.2876 1.28762 4-1-2022 6-30-20221.2736 1.27361 1-1-2022 3-31-20221.4654 1.46540.00 0.00 0.00Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.53 0.00 28.14 30.02 0.00 20.81 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROG NOx CO SO2969.1870 969.1870 0.1083 0.0420 984.41910.1083 0.0420 984.4191Maximum 2.0571 3.1171 4.2163 0.0106 0.7355 0.1294 0.8649 0.1923 0.1217 0.3140 0.00000.1217 0.3140 0.0000 969.1870 969.18700.0106 0.7355 0.1294 0.8649 0.19232022 2.0571 3.1171 4.2163N2O CO2eYeartons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5456

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.36Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 1320.45Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 460.74Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 840.29Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 2310.48Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8.00 97 0.37Grading Scrapers 2 8.00 3670.41Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40Grading Graders 1 8.00 1870.37Grading Excavators 2 8.00 158 0.38Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8.00 970.40Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8.00 247 0.40Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 2 8.00 2470.73Demolition Excavators 3 8.00 158 0.38Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81Acres of Paving: 0Residential Indoor: 1,050,975; Residential Outdoor: 350,325; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural OffRoad EquipmentPhase NameOffroad Equipment TypeAmountUsage Hours Horse Power Load Factor513Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 10.5Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 606 PavingPaving11/28/2022 12/14/2022457

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Category tons/yrMT/yrFugitive Dust 0.3562 0.0000 0.3562 0.0539 0.0000 0.0539 0.0000NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2eClean Paved Roads3.2 Demolition - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2HHDT3.1 Mitigation Measures ConstructionReplace Ground CoverWater Exposed AreaReduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixArchitectural Coating1 75.000.00 0.00HHDTPaving6 15.000.00 0.0014.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_Mix HHDT14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixBuilding Construction9 374.00 55.00 0.00HHDTGrading8 20.000.00 0.0014.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_Mix HHDT14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixSite Preparation7 18.000.00 0.00Hauling Vehicle ClassDemolition6 15.000.00 3,292.0014.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_Mix HHDT0.48Trips and VMTPhase Name Offroad Equipment CountWorker Trip NumberVendor Trip NumberHauling Trip NumberWorker Trip LengthVendor Trip LengthHauling Trip LengthWorker Vehicle ClassVendor Vehicle ClassArchitectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78458

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5102.5521 102.5521 5.4300e-003 0.0162 107.50203.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.8922Total 7.9200e-003 0.2914 0.0685 1.0300e-0030.0294 2.0700e-003 0.0315 8.0600e-003 1.9800e-003 0.0100 0.00001.0000e-005 2.9000e-004 0.0000 0.8844 0.88441.0000e-0051.0700e-003 1.0000e-005 1.0800e-003 2.8000e-004Worker 3.3000e-004 2.8000e-0043.6200e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00005.4000e-003 0.0161 106.6098Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00001.9700e-003 9.7500e-003 0.0000 101.6677 101.66771.0200e-0030.0283 2.0600e-003 0.0304 7.7800e-003Hauling 7.5900e-003 0.2912 0.0649N2O CO2eCategory tons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Unmitigated Construction Off-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.522.0937 22.0937 6.2100e-003 0.0000 22.24886.2100e-003 0.0000 22.2488Total 0.0172 0.1672 0.1339 2.5000e-0040.3562 8.0800e-003 0.3643 0.0539 7.5100e-003 0.0614 0.00007.5100e-003 7.5100e-003 0.0000 22.0937 22.09372.5000e-0048.0800e-003 8.0800e-003Off-Road 0.0172 0.1672 0.1339459

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2ePM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.3 Site Preparation - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5102.5521 102.5521 5.4300e-003 0.0162 107.50203.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.8922Total 7.9200e-003 0.2914 0.0685 1.0300e-0030.0274 2.0700e-003 0.0295 7.5700e-003 1.9800e-003 9.5500e-003 0.00001.0000e-005 2.7000e-004 0.0000 0.8844 0.88441.0000e-0059.9000e-004 1.0000e-005 9.9000e-004 2.6000e-004Worker 3.3000e-004 2.8000e-0043.6200e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00005.4000e-003 0.0161 106.6098Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00001.9700e-003 9.2800e-003 0.0000 101.6677 101.66771.0200e-0030.0264 2.0600e-003 0.0285 7.3100e-003Hauling 7.5900e-003 0.2912 0.0649CH4 N2O CO2eCategory tons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO6.2100e-003 0.0000 22.2488Mitigated Construction Off-Site7.5100e-003 0.0306 0.0000 22.0936 22.09362.5000e-0040.1523 8.0800e-003 0.1604 0.0231Total 0.0172 0.1672 0.133922.0936 22.0936 6.2100e-003 0.0000 22.24880.0000 0.0000 0.0000Off-Road 0.0172 0.1672 0.1339 2.5000e-0048.0800e-003 8.0800e-0037.5100e-003 7.5100e-003 0.00000.0000 0.0231 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.1523 0.0000 0.1523 0.0231Fugitive Dust460

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedMitigated Construction On-Site0.5715 0.5715 2.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.57652.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.5765Total 2.2000e-004 1.8000e-0042.3400e-003 1.0000e-0056.9000e-004 0.0000 6.9000e-004 1.8000e-004 0.0000 1.9000e-004 0.00000.0000 1.9000e-004 0.0000 0.5715 0.57151.0000e-0056.9000e-004 0.0000 6.9000e-004 1.8000e-004Worker 2.2000e-004 1.8000e-0042.3400e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO3.7900e-003 0.0000 11.7984Unmitigated Construction Off-Site5.1900e-003 0.0406 0.0000 11.7038 11.70381.3000e-0040.0688 5.6400e-003 0.0744 0.0354Total 0.0111 0.1158 0.068911.7038 11.7038 3.7900e-003 0.0000 11.79840.0000 0.0000 0.0000Off-Road 0.0111 0.1158 0.0689 1.3000e-0045.6400e-003 5.6400e-0035.1900e-003 5.1900e-003 0.00000.0000 0.0354 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0688 0.0000 0.0688 0.0354Fugitive DustCategorytons/yrMT/yr461

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied3.4 Grading - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-Site0.5715 0.5715 2.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.57652.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.5765Total 2.2000e-004 1.8000e-0042.3400e-003 1.0000e-0056.4000e-004 0.0000 6.4000e-004 1.7000e-004 0.0000 1.7000e-004 0.00000.0000 1.7000e-004 0.0000 0.5715 0.57151.0000e-0056.4000e-004 0.0000 6.4000e-004 1.7000e-004Worker 2.2000e-004 1.8000e-0042.3400e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO3.7900e-003 0.0000 11.7984Mitigated Construction Off-Site5.1900e-003 0.0203 0.0000 11.7038 11.70381.3000e-0040.0294 5.6400e-003 0.0351 0.0151Total 0.0111 0.1158 0.068911.7038 11.7038 3.7900e-003 0.0000 11.79840.0000 0.0000 0.0000Off-Road 0.0111 0.1158 0.0689 1.3000e-0045.6400e-003 5.6400e-0035.1900e-003 5.1900e-003 0.00000.0000 0.0151 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0294 0.0000 0.0294 0.0151Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5462

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.8141 1.8141 5.0000e-005 5.0000e-005 1.83015.0000e-005 5.0000e-005 1.8301Total 6.9000e-004 5.7000e-0047.4200e-003 2.0000e-0052.1900e-003 1.0000e-005 2.2100e-003 5.8000e-004 1.0000e-005 6.0000e-004 0.00001.0000e-005 6.0000e-004 0.0000 1.8141 1.81412.0000e-0052.1900e-003 1.0000e-005 2.2100e-003 5.8000e-004Worker 6.9000e-004 5.7000e-0047.4200e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.0176 0.0000 54.9755Unmitigated Construction Off-Site0.0150 0.0516 0.0000 54.5346 54.53466.2000e-0040.0920 0.0164 0.1084 0.0365Total 0.0363 0.3884 0.290454.5346 54.5346 0.0176 0.0000 54.97550.0000 0.0000 0.0000Off-Road 0.0363 0.3884 0.2904 6.2000e-0040.0164 0.01640.0150 0.0150 0.00000.0000 0.0365 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0920 0.0000 0.0920 0.0365Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5463

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.8141 1.8141 5.0000e-005 5.0000e-005 1.83015.0000e-005 5.0000e-005 1.8301Total 6.9000e-004 5.7000e-0047.4200e-003 2.0000e-0052.0200e-003 1.0000e-005 2.0300e-003 5.4000e-004 1.0000e-005 5.5000e-004 0.00001.0000e-005 5.5000e-004 0.0000 1.8141 1.81412.0000e-0052.0200e-003 1.0000e-005 2.0300e-003 5.4000e-004Worker 6.9000e-004 5.7000e-0047.4200e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.0176 0.0000 54.9755Mitigated Construction Off-Site0.0150 0.0307 0.0000 54.5345 54.53456.2000e-0040.0394 0.0164 0.0557 0.0156Total 0.0363 0.3884 0.290454.5345 54.5345 0.0176 0.0000 54.97550.0000 0.0000 0.0000Off-Road 0.0363 0.3884 0.2904 6.2000e-0040.0164 0.01640.0150 0.0150 0.00000.0000 0.0156 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0394 0.0000 0.0394 0.0156Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5464

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied433.1643 433.1643 0.0129 0.0238 440.56399.4300e-003 8.9800e-003 333.6754Total 0.1354 0.3799 1.4452 4.6300e-0030.4334 5.1200e-003 0.4385 0.1159 4.8100e-003 0.1207 0.00002.4100e-003 0.1085 0.0000 330.7631 330.76313.5800e-0030.3996 2.6100e-003 0.4022 0.1061Worker 0.1250 0.1041 1.3538102.4012 102.4012 3.4200e-003 0.0148 106.88840.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0105 0.2758 0.0915 1.0500e-0030.0338 2.5100e-003 0.0363 9.7500e-003 2.4000e-003 0.0122 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Unmitigated Construction Off-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5225.9321 225.9321 0.0541 0.0000 227.28530.0541 0.0000 227.2853Total 0.1664 1.5225 1.5954 2.6300e-0030.0789 0.0789 0.0742 0.0742 0.00000.0742 0.0742 0.0000 225.9321 225.93212.6300e-0030.0789 0.0789Off-Road 0.1664 1.5225 1.5954N2O CO2eCategory tons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.5 Building Construction - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5465

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied3.6 Architectural Coating - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-Site433.1643 433.1643 0.0129 0.0238 440.56399.4300e-003 8.9800e-003 333.6754Total 0.1354 0.3799 1.4452 4.6300e-0030.4001 5.1200e-003 0.4052 0.1077 4.8100e-003 0.1125 0.00002.4100e-003 0.1009 0.0000 330.7631 330.76313.5800e-0030.3684 2.6100e-003 0.3710 0.0985Worker 0.1250 0.1041 1.3538102.4012 102.4012 3.4200e-003 0.0148 106.88840.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0105 0.2758 0.0915 1.0500e-0030.0316 2.5100e-003 0.0342 9.2300e-003 2.4000e-003 0.0116 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction Off-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5225.9318 225.9318 0.0541 0.0000 227.28500.0541 0.0000 227.2850Total 0.1664 1.5225 1.5954 2.6300e-0030.0789 0.0789 0.0742 0.0742 0.00000.0742 0.0742 0.0000 225.9318 225.93182.6300e-0030.0789 0.0789Off-Road 0.1664 1.5225 1.5954N2O CO2eCategory tons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5466

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied74.8333 74.8333 2.1300e-003 2.0300e-003 75.49222.1300e-003 2.0300e-003 75.4922Total 0.0283 0.0236 0.3063 8.1000e-0040.0904 5.9000e-004 0.0910 0.0240 5.4000e-004 0.0246 0.00005.4000e-004 0.0246 0.0000 74.8333 74.83338.1000e-0040.0904 5.9000e-004 0.0910 0.0240Worker 0.0283 0.0236 0.30630.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO1.8300e-003 0.0000 28.1315Unmitigated Construction Off-Site8.9900e-003 8.9900e-003 0.0000 28.0858 28.08583.3000e-0048.9900e-003 8.9900e-003Total 1.6463 0.1549 0.199528.0858 28.0858 1.8300e-003 0.0000 28.13150.0000 0.0000 0.0000Off-Road 0.0225 0.1549 0.1995 3.3000e-0048.9900e-003 8.9900e-0038.9900e-003 8.9900e-003 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 1.6238N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5467

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied74.8333 74.8333 2.1300e-003 2.0300e-003 75.49222.1300e-003 2.0300e-003 75.4922Total 0.0283 0.0236 0.3063 8.1000e-0040.0834 5.9000e-004 0.0839 0.0223 5.4000e-004 0.0228 0.00005.4000e-004 0.0228 0.0000 74.8333 74.83338.1000e-0040.0834 5.9000e-004 0.0839 0.0223Worker 0.0283 0.0236 0.30630.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO1.8300e-003 0.0000 28.1315Mitigated Construction Off-Site8.9900e-003 8.9900e-003 0.0000 28.0858 28.08583.3000e-0048.9900e-003 8.9900e-003Total 1.6463 0.1549 0.199528.0858 28.0858 1.8300e-003 0.0000 28.13150.0000 0.0000 0.0000Off-Road 0.0225 0.1549 0.1995 3.3000e-0048.9900e-003 8.9900e-0038.9900e-003 8.9900e-003 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 1.6238N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5468

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.8844 0.8844 3.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.89223.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.8922Total 3.3000e-004 2.8000e-0043.6200e-003 1.0000e-0051.0700e-003 1.0000e-005 1.0800e-003 2.8000e-004 1.0000e-005 2.9000e-004 0.00001.0000e-005 2.9000e-004 0.0000 0.8844 0.88441.0000e-0051.0700e-003 1.0000e-005 1.0800e-003 2.8000e-004Worker 3.3000e-004 2.8000e-0043.6200e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO4.2100e-003 0.0000 13.1232Unmitigated Construction Off-Site3.4000e-003 3.4000e-003 0.0000 13.0179 13.01791.5000e-0043.6900e-003 3.6900e-003Total 7.1700e-003 0.0723 0.09480.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00004.2100e-003 0.0000 13.1232Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003.4000e-003 3.4000e-003 0.0000 13.0179 13.01791.5000e-0043.6900e-003 3.6900e-003Off-Road 7.1700e-003 0.0723 0.0948N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.7 Paving - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5469

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:44 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.8844 0.8844 3.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.89223.0000e-005 2.0000e-005 0.8922Total 3.3000e-004 2.8000e-0043.6200e-003 1.0000e-0059.9000e-004 1.0000e-005 9.9000e-004 2.6000e-004 1.0000e-005 2.7000e-004 0.00001.0000e-005 2.7000e-004 0.0000 0.8844 0.88441.0000e-0059.9000e-004 1.0000e-005 9.9000e-004 2.6000e-004Worker 3.3000e-004 2.8000e-0043.6200e-0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO4.2100e-003 0.0000 13.1232Mitigated Construction Off-Site3.4000e-003 3.4000e-003 0.0000 13.0179 13.01791.5000e-0043.6900e-003 3.6900e-003Total 7.1700e-003 0.0723 0.09480.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00004.2100e-003 0.0000 13.1232Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003.4000e-003 3.4000e-003 0.0000 13.0179 13.01791.5000e-0043.6900e-003 3.6900e-003Off-Road 7.1700e-003 0.0723 0.0948N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5470

tblConstDustMitigationCleanPavedRoadPercentReduction09tblConstDustMitigationWaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed015Construction Phase - Construction schedule adjusted to reflect one year of activity.Demolition - Grading - Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Rule 403; 1186Table NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValueN2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage updated to reflect project description.Utility CompanySouthern California EdisonCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)390.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033Precipitation Freq (Days)33Climate Zone9Operational Year20231.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.21184Apartments Mid Rise 105.00 Dwelling Unit 7.18 105,000.00 300Apartments High Rise 414.00 Dwelling Unit 11.73 414,000.00Bellflower HE - ConstructionLos Angeles-South Coast County, Summer1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied471

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedAcres of Paving: 0513Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 10.5Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 606 PavingPaving11/28/2022 12/14/20225 1955 Architectural CoatingArchitectural Coating2/28/2022 12/30/20225 2204 Building ConstructionBuilding Construction2/28/2022 11/25/2022573 GradingGrading1/31/2022 2/25/20225 202 Site PreparationSite Preparation1/20/2022 1/28/2022Num Days WeekNum DaysPhase Description1 DemolitionDemolition1/1/2022 1/19/20225 13Phase NumberPhase NamePhase TypeStart Date End Date3.0 Construction DetailConstruction Phase0.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.35 0.00 51.98 53.43 0.00 46.84 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROG NOx CO SO221,142.1330 21,142.1330 1.9723 2.7390 22,007.66141.9723 2.7390 22,007.6614Maximum 18.3344 68.2871 36.7972 0.1977 27.7141 1.6363 29.2737 4.7298 1.5054 6.1883 0.00001.5054 6.1883 0.0000 21,142.1330 21,142.13300.1977 27.7141 1.6363 29.2737 4.7298202218.3344 68.2871 36.7972N2O CO2eYearlb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5473

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedHauling Vehicle ClassDemolition 6 15.00 0.00 3,292.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT0.48Trips and VMTPhase Name Offroad Equipment CountWorker Trip NumberVendor Trip NumberHauling Trip NumberWorker Trip LengthVendor Trip LengthHauling Trip LengthWorker Vehicle ClassVendor Vehicle ClassArchitectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 780.36Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 1320.45Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 460.74Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 840.29Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 2310.48Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8.00 97 0.37Grading Scrapers 2 8.00 3670.41Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40Grading Graders 1 8.00 1870.37Grading Excavators 2 8.00 158 0.38Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8.00 970.40Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8.00 247 0.40Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 2 8.00 2470.73Demolition Excavators 3 8.00 158 0.38Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81Residential Indoor: 1,050,975; Residential Outdoor: 350,325; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural OffRoad EquipmentPhase NameOffroad Equipment TypeAmountUsage Hours Horse Power Load Factor474

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedUnmitigated Construction Off-Site3,746.7812 3,746.7812 1.05243,773.09201.05243,773.0920Total2.6392 25.7194 20.5941 0.0388 54.8032 1.2427 56.0458 8.2977 1.1553 9.45301.1553 1.15533,746.7812 3,746.78120.03881.2427 1.2427Off-Road 2.6392 25.7194 20.59410.00000.0000Categorylb/daylb/dayFugitive Dust54.8032 0.0000 54.8032 8.2977 0.0000 8.2977NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2eClean Paved Roads3.2 Demolition - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2HHDT3.1 Mitigation Measures ConstructionReplace Ground CoverWater Exposed AreaReduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixArchitectural Coating1 75.000.00 0.00HHDTPaving615.000.00 0.0014.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_Mix HHDT14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixBuilding Construction9 374.00 55.00 0.00HHDTGrading820.000.00 0.0014.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_Mix HHDT14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixSite Preparation7 18.000.00 0.00475

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.05243,773.09201.1553 4.7025 0.0000 3,746.7812 3,746.78120.0388 23.4284 1.2427 24.6710 3.5473Total2.6392 25.7194 20.59413,746.7812 3,746.7812 1.05243,773.09200.0000Off-Road 2.6392 25.7194 20.5941 0.03881.2427 1.24271.1553 1.1553 0.00000.0000 3.54730.000023.4284 0.0000 23.4284 3.5473Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.517,395.3518 17,395.3518 0.9199 2.7390 18,234.56944.2200e-003 3.7500e-003 157.2432Total 1.2317 42.5677 10.5076 0.1589 4.6001 0.3170 4.9172 1.2597 0.3033 1.56309.9000e-004 0.0455 156.0191 156.01911.5300e-0030.1677 1.0700e-003 0.1687 0.0445Worker 0.0519 0.0379 0.59120.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.9157 2.7352 18,077.3262Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.3023 1.5176 17,239.3328 17,239.33280.1574 4.4325 0.3160 4.7484 1.2152Hauling 1.1798 42.5298 9.9164N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5476

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.19223,715.86551.4836 11.58603,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 19.6570 1.6126 21.2696 10.1025Total3.1701 33.0835 19.69783,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.19223,715.86550.0000Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.03801.6126 1.61261.4836 1.48360.0000 10.10250.000019.6570 0.0000 19.6570 10.1025Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.3 Site Preparation - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.517,395.3518 17,395.3518 0.9199 2.7390 18,234.56944.2200e-003 3.7500e-003 157.2432Total 1.2317 42.5677 10.5076 0.1589 4.2857 0.3170 4.6027 1.1825 0.3033 1.48589.9000e-004 0.0422 156.0191 156.01911.5300e-0030.1546 1.0700e-003 0.1556 0.0413Worker 0.0519 0.0379 0.59120.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.9157 2.7352 18,077.3262Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.3023 1.4436 17,239.3328 17,239.33280.1574 4.1312 0.3160 4.4471 1.1413Hauling 1.1798 42.5298 9.9164CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COMitigated Construction Off-Site477

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.19223,715.86551.4836 5.8024 0.0000 3,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 8.4034 1.6126 10.0159 4.3188Total3.1701 33.0835 19.69783,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.19223,715.86550.0000Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.03801.6126 1.61261.4836 1.4836 0.00000.0000 4.31880.00008.4034 0.0000 8.4034 4.3188Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5187.2229 187.2229 5.0700e-003 4.5000e-003 188.69185.0700e-003 4.5000e-003 188.6918Total 0.0623 0.0455 0.7094 1.8400e-0030.2012 1.2900e-003 0.2025 0.0534 1.1900e-003 0.05461.1900e-003 0.0546 187.2229 187.22291.8400e-0030.2012 1.2900e-003 0.2025 0.0534Worker 0.0623 0.0455 0.70940.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COUnmitigated Construction Off-Site478

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.94426,060.01581.5041 5.15796,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 9.2036 1.6349 10.8385 3.6538Total3.6248 38.8435 29.04156,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.94426,060.01580.0000Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.06211.6349 1.63491.5041 1.50410.0000 3.65380.00009.2036 0.0000 9.2036 3.6538Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.4 Grading - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5187.2229 187.2229 5.0700e-003 4.5000e-003 188.69185.0700e-003 4.5000e-003 188.6918Total 0.0623 0.0455 0.7094 1.8400e-0030.1855 1.2900e-003 0.1867 0.0495 1.1900e-003 0.05071.1900e-003 0.0507 187.2229 187.22291.8400e-0030.1855 1.2900e-003 0.1867 0.0495Worker 0.0623 0.0455 0.70940.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COMitigated Construction Off-Site479

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied6,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.94426,060.01580.0000Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.06211.6349 1.63491.5041 1.5041 0.00000.0000 1.56200.00003.9345 0.0000 3.9345 1.5620Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5208.0254 208.0254 5.6300e-003 5.0000e-003 209.65765.6300e-003 5.0000e-003 209.6576Total 0.0692 0.0505 0.7883 2.0400e-0030.2236 1.4300e-003 0.2250 0.0593 1.3200e-003 0.06061.3200e-003 0.0606 208.0254 208.02542.0400e-0030.2236 1.4300e-003 0.2250 0.0593Worker 0.0692 0.0505 0.78830.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COUnmitigated Construction Off-Site480

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.61202,569.63220.7612 0.76122,554.3336 2,554.33360.02690.8090 0.8090Off-Road 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.5 Building Construction - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5208.0254 208.0254 5.6300e-003 5.0000e-003 209.65765.6300e-003 5.0000e-003 209.6576Total 0.0692 0.0505 0.7883 2.0400e-0030.2061 1.4300e-003 0.2075 0.0550 1.3200e-003 0.05631.3200e-003 0.0563 208.0254 208.02542.0400e-0030.2061 1.4300e-003 0.2075 0.0550Worker 0.0692 0.0505 0.78830.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO1.9442 6,060.0158Mitigated Construction Off-Site1.5041 3.0661 0.0000 6,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 3.9345 1.6349 5.5694 1.5620Total 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415481

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.61202,569.63220.7612 0.7612 0.0000 2,554.3336 2,554.33360.02690.8090 0.8090Off-Road 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.55,047.6140 5,047.6140 0.1440 0.2604 5,128.80960.1053 0.0936 3,920.5964Total 1.4026 3.6392 15.6643 0.0490 4.5327 0.0525 4.5852 1.2101 0.0492 1.25930.0247 1.1333 3,890.0752 3,890.07520.0382 4.1804 0.0268 4.2072 1.1087Worker 1.2944 0.9450 14.74051,157.5388 1,157.5388 0.0387 0.1668 1,208.21330.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.1082 2.6941 0.9237 0.0108 0.3523 0.0257 0.3780 0.1014 0.0246 0.12600.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Unmitigated Construction Off-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.52,554.3336 2,554.3336 0.6120 2,569.6322Total 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634 0.0269 0.8090 0.8090 0.7612 0.7612482

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 14.7614N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.6 Architectural Coating - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.55,047.6140 5,047.6140 0.1440 0.2604 5,128.80960.1053 0.0936 3,920.5964Total 1.4026 3.6392 15.6643 0.0490 4.1831 0.0525 4.2355 1.1243 0.0492 1.17350.0247 1.0531 3,890.0752 3,890.07520.0382 3.8534 0.0268 3.8801 1.0284Worker 1.2944 0.9450 14.74051,157.5388 1,157.5388 0.0387 0.1668 1,208.21330.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.1082 2.6941 0.9237 0.0108 0.3297 0.0257 0.3554 0.0959 0.0246 0.12040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction Off-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.52,554.3336 2,554.3336 0.6120 2,569.6322Total 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634 0.0269 0.8090 0.8090 0.7612 0.7612 0.0000483

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5780.0953 780.0953 0.0211 0.0188 786.21590.0211 0.0188 786.2159Total 0.2596 0.1895 2.9560 7.6700e-0030.8383 5.3700e-003 0.8437 0.2223 4.9500e-003 0.22734.9500e-003 0.2273 780.0953 780.09537.6700e-0030.8383 5.3700e-003 0.8437 0.2223Worker 0.2596 0.1895 2.95600.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.0183 281.9062Unmitigated Construction Off-Site0.0817 0.0817281.4481 281.44812.9700e-0030.0817 0.0817Total14.9660 1.4085 1.8136281.4481 281.4481 0.0183281.9062Off-Road 0.2045 1.4085 1.8136 2.9700e-0030.0817 0.08170.0817 0.0817484

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2ePM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.7 Paving - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5780.0953 780.0953 0.0211 0.0188 786.21590.0211 0.0188 786.2159Total 0.2596 0.1895 2.9560 7.6700e-0030.7727 5.3700e-003 0.7781 0.2062 4.9500e-003 0.21124.9500e-003 0.2112 780.0953 780.09537.6700e-0030.7727 5.3700e-003 0.7781 0.2062Worker 0.2596 0.1895 2.95600.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.0183 281.9062Mitigated Construction Off-Site0.0817 0.0817 0.0000 281.4481 281.44812.9700e-0030.0817 0.0817Total 14.9660 1.4085 1.8136281.4481 281.4481 0.0183 281.90620.0000Off-Road 0.2045 1.4085 1.8136 2.9700e-0030.0817 0.0817 0.0817 0.0817 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 14.7614485

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedMitigated Construction On-Site156.0191 156.0191 4.2200e-003 3.7500e-003 157.24324.2200e-003 3.7500e-003 157.2432Total 0.0519 0.0379 0.5912 1.5300e-0030.1677 1.0700e-003 0.1687 0.0445 9.9000e-004 0.04559.9000e-004 0.0455 156.0191 156.01911.5300e-0030.1677 1.0700e-003 0.1687 0.0445Worker 0.0519 0.0379 0.59120.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.71402,225.5104Unmitigated Construction Off-Site0.5225 0.52252,207.6603 2,207.66030.02280.5679 0.5679Total1.1028 11.1249 14.58050.00000.00000.71402,225.5104Paving 0.00000.0000 0.00000.0000 0.00000.5225 0.52252,207.6603 2,207.66030.02280.5679 0.5679Off-Road 1.1028 11.1249 14.5805Categorylb/daylb/day486

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:47 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied156.0191 156.0191 4.2200e-003 3.7500e-003 157.24324.2200e-003 3.7500e-003 157.2432Total 0.0519 0.0379 0.5912 1.5300e-0030.1546 1.0700e-003 0.1556 0.0413 9.9000e-004 0.04229.9000e-004 0.0422 156.0191 156.01911.5300e-0030.1546 1.0700e-003 0.1556 0.0413Worker 0.0519 0.0379 0.59120.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.71402,225.5104Mitigated Construction Off-Site0.5225 0.5225 0.0000 2,207.6603 2,207.66030.0228 0.5679 0.5679Total 1.1028 11.1249 14.58050.00000.00000.71402,225.5104Paving 0.00000.0000 0.00000.0000 0.00000.5225 0.5225 0.0000 2,207.6603 2,207.66030.02280.5679 0.5679Off-Road 1.1028 11.1249 14.5805N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5487

tblConstDustMitigationCleanPavedRoadPercentReduction09tblConstDustMitigationWaterUnpavedRoadVehicleSpeed015Construction Phase - Construction schedule adjusted to reflect one year of activity.Demolition - Grading - Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Rule 403; 1186Table NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValueN2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Acreage updated to reflect project description.Utility CompanySouthern California EdisonCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)390.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033Precipitation Freq (Days)33Climate Zone9Operational Year20231.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.21184Apartments Mid Rise 105.00 Dwelling Unit 7.18 105,000.00 300Apartments High Rise 414.00 Dwelling Unit 11.73 414,000.00Bellflower HE - ConstructionLos Angeles-South Coast County, Winter1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied488

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedAcres of Paving: 0513Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 10.5Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 606 PavingPaving11/28/2022 12/14/20225 1955 Architectural CoatingArchitectural Coating2/28/2022 12/30/20225 2204 Building ConstructionBuilding Construction2/28/2022 11/25/2022573 GradingGrading1/31/2022 2/25/20225 202 Site PreparationSite Preparation1/20/2022 1/28/2022Num Days WeekNum DaysPhase Description1 DemolitionDemolition1/1/2022 1/19/20225 13Phase NumberPhase NamePhase TypeStart Date End Date3.0 Construction DetailConstruction Phase0.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.35 0.00 51.98 53.43 0.00 46.83 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROG NOx CO SO221,138.9376 21,138.9376 1.9708 2.7402 22,004.77181.9708 2.7402 22,004.7718Maximum 18.4427 70.0170 35.3807 0.1977 27.7141 1.6363 29.2744 4.7298 1.5054 6.1890 0.00001.5054 6.1890 0.0000 21,138.9376 21,138.93760.1977 27.7141 1.6363 29.2744 4.7298202218.4427 70.0170 35.3807N2O CO2eYearlb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5490

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedHauling Vehicle ClassDemolition 6 15.00 0.00 3,292.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT0.48Trips and VMTPhase Name Offroad Equipment CountWorker Trip NumberVendor Trip NumberHauling Trip NumberWorker Trip LengthVendor Trip LengthHauling Trip LengthWorker Vehicle ClassVendor Vehicle ClassArchitectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 780.36Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38Paving Paving Equipment 2 8.00 1320.45Paving Pavers 2 8.00 130 0.42Building Construction Welders 1 8.00 460.74Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7.00 97 0.37Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 840.29Building Construction Forklifts 3 8.00 89 0.20Building Construction Cranes 1 7.00 2310.48Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8.00 97 0.37Grading Scrapers 2 8.00 3670.41Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40Grading Graders 1 8.00 1870.37Grading Excavators 2 8.00 158 0.38Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8.00 970.40Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8.00 247 0.40Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 2 8.00 2470.73Demolition Excavators 3 8.00 158 0.38Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81Residential Indoor: 1,050,975; Residential Outdoor: 350,325; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural OffRoad EquipmentPhase NameOffroad Equipment TypeAmountUsage Hours Horse Power Load Factor491

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedUnmitigated Construction Off-Site3,746.7812 3,746.7812 1.05243,773.09201.05243,773.0920Total2.6392 25.7194 20.5941 0.0388 54.8032 1.2427 56.0458 8.2977 1.1553 9.45301.1553 1.15533,746.7812 3,746.78120.03881.2427 1.2427Off-Road 2.6392 25.7194 20.59410.00000.0000Categorylb/daylb/dayFugitive Dust54.8032 0.0000 54.8032 8.2977 0.0000 8.2977NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2eClean Paved Roads3.2 Demolition - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2HHDT3.1 Mitigation Measures ConstructionReplace Ground CoverWater Exposed AreaReduce Vehicle Speed on Unpaved Roads14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixArchitectural Coating1 75.000.00 0.00HHDTPaving615.000.00 0.0014.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_Mix HHDT14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixBuilding Construction9 374.00 55.00 0.00HHDTGrading820.000.00 0.0014.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_Mix HHDT14.706.90 20.00 LD_MixHDT_MixSite Preparation7 18.000.00 0.00492

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.05243,773.09201.1553 4.7025 0.0000 3,746.7812 3,746.78120.0388 23.4284 1.2427 24.6710 3.5473Total2.6392 25.7194 20.59413,746.7812 3,746.7812 1.05243,773.09200.0000Off-Road 2.6392 25.7194 20.5941 0.03881.2427 1.24271.1553 1.1553 0.00000.0000 3.54730.000023.4284 0.0000 23.4284 3.5473Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.517,392.1565 17,392.1565 0.9184 2.7402 18,231.67984.2700e-003 4.0100e-003 149.0720Total 1.2070 44.2976 10.6337 0.1589 4.6001 0.3177 4.9178 1.2597 0.3039 1.56369.9000e-004 0.0455 147.7700 147.77001.4500e-0030.1677 1.0700e-003 0.1687 0.0445Worker 0.0556 0.0419 0.54280.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.9141 2.7361 18,082.6078Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.3029 1.5182 17,244.3865 17,244.38650.1574 4.4325 0.3166 4.7491 1.2152Hauling 1.1514 44.2557 10.0909N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5493

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.19223,715.86551.4836 11.58603,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 19.6570 1.6126 21.2696 10.1025Total3.1701 33.0835 19.69783,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.19223,715.86550.0000Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.03801.6126 1.61261.4836 1.48360.0000 10.10250.000019.6570 0.0000 19.6570 10.1025Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.3 Site Preparation - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.517,392.1565 17,392.1565 0.9184 2.7402 18,231.67984.2700e-003 4.0100e-003 149.0720Total 1.2070 44.2976 10.6337 0.1589 4.2857 0.3177 4.6034 1.1825 0.3039 1.48649.9000e-004 0.0422 147.7700 147.77001.4500e-0030.1546 1.0700e-003 0.1556 0.0413Worker 0.0556 0.0419 0.54280.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.9141 2.7361 18,082.6078Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.3029 1.4442 17,244.3865 17,244.38650.1574 4.1312 0.3166 4.4478 1.1413Hauling 1.1514 44.2557 10.0909CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COMitigated Construction Off-Site494

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.19223,715.86551.4836 5.8024 0.0000 3,686.0619 3,686.06190.0380 8.4034 1.6126 10.0159 4.3188Total3.1701 33.0835 19.69783,686.0619 3,686.0619 1.19223,715.86550.0000Off-Road 3.1701 33.0835 19.6978 0.03801.6126 1.61261.4836 1.4836 0.00000.0000 4.31880.00008.4034 0.0000 8.4034 4.3188Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5177.3240 177.3240 5.1300e-003 4.8100e-003 178.88645.1300e-003 4.8100e-003 178.8864Total 0.0667 0.0503 0.6514 1.7400e-0030.2012 1.2900e-003 0.2025 0.0534 1.1900e-003 0.05461.1900e-003 0.0546 177.3240 177.32401.7400e-0030.2012 1.2900e-003 0.2025 0.0534Worker 0.0667 0.0503 0.65140.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COUnmitigated Construction Off-Site495

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied1.94426,060.01581.5041 5.15796,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 9.2036 1.6349 10.8385 3.6538Total3.6248 38.8435 29.04156,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.94426,060.01580.0000Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.06211.6349 1.63491.5041 1.50410.0000 3.65380.00009.2036 0.0000 9.2036 3.6538Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.4 Grading - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5177.3240 177.3240 5.1300e-003 4.8100e-003 178.88645.1300e-003 4.8100e-003 178.8864Total 0.0667 0.0503 0.6514 1.7400e-0030.1855 1.2900e-003 0.1867 0.0495 1.1900e-003 0.05071.1900e-003 0.0507 177.3240 177.32401.7400e-0030.1855 1.2900e-003 0.1867 0.0495Worker 0.0667 0.0503 0.65140.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COMitigated Construction Off-Site496

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied6,011.4105 6,011.4105 1.94426,060.01580.0000Off-Road 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415 0.06211.6349 1.63491.5041 1.5041 0.00000.0000 1.56200.00003.9345 0.0000 3.9345 1.5620Fugitive DustN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5197.0266 197.0266 5.7000e-003 5.3500e-003 198.76275.7000e-003 5.3500e-003 198.7627Total 0.0741 0.0558 0.7237 1.9400e-0030.2236 1.4300e-003 0.2250 0.0593 1.3200e-003 0.06061.3200e-003 0.0606 197.0266 197.02661.9400e-0030.2236 1.4300e-003 0.2250 0.0593Worker 0.0741 0.0558 0.72370.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COUnmitigated Construction Off-Site497

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.61202,569.63220.7612 0.76122,554.3336 2,554.33360.02690.8090 0.8090Off-Road 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.5 Building Construction - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5197.0266 197.0266 5.7000e-003 5.3500e-003 198.76275.7000e-003 5.3500e-003 198.7627Total 0.0741 0.0558 0.7237 1.9400e-0030.2061 1.4300e-003 0.2075 0.0550 1.3200e-003 0.05631.3200e-003 0.0563 197.0266 197.02661.9400e-0030.2061 1.4300e-003 0.2075 0.0550Worker 0.0741 0.0558 0.72370.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO1.9442 6,060.0158Mitigated Construction Off-Site1.5041 3.0661 0.0000 6,011.4105 6,011.41050.0621 3.9345 1.6349 5.5694 1.5620Total 3.6248 38.8435 29.0415498

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.61202,569.63220.7612 0.7612 0.0000 2,554.3336 2,554.33360.02690.8090 0.8090Off-Road 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.54,842.3717 4,842.3717 0.1451 0.2670 4,925.57140.1066 0.1000 3,716.8622Total 1.4927 3.8494 14.4897 0.0470 4.5327 0.0526 4.5853 1.2101 0.0493 1.25940.0247 1.1333 3,684.3980 3,684.39800.0362 4.1804 0.0268 4.2072 1.1087Worker 1.3857 1.0442 13.53401,157.9737 1,157.9737 0.0386 0.1670 1,208.70910.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.1069 2.8052 0.9557 0.0108 0.3523 0.0258 0.3781 0.1014 0.0246 0.12610.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Unmitigated Construction Off-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.52,554.3336 2,554.3336 0.6120 2,569.6322Total 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634 0.0269 0.8090 0.8090 0.7612 0.7612499

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 14.7614N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.6 Architectural Coating - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.54,842.3717 4,842.3717 0.1451 0.2670 4,925.57140.1066 0.1000 3,716.8622Total 1.4927 3.8494 14.4897 0.0470 4.1831 0.0526 4.2356 1.1243 0.0493 1.17360.0247 1.0531 3,684.3980 3,684.39800.0362 3.8534 0.0268 3.8801 1.0284Worker 1.3857 1.0442 13.53401,157.9737 1,157.9737 0.0386 0.1670 1,208.70910.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.1069 2.8052 0.9557 0.0108 0.3297 0.0258 0.3555 0.0959 0.0246 0.12050.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction Off-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.52,554.3336 2,554.3336 0.6120 2,569.6322Total 1.7062 15.6156 16.3634 0.0269 0.8090 0.8090 0.7612 0.7612 0.0000500

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5738.8499 738.8499 0.0214 0.0201 745.36010.0214 0.0201 745.3601Total 0.2779 0.2094 2.7140 7.2600e-0030.8383 5.3700e-003 0.8437 0.2223 4.9500e-003 0.22734.9500e-003 0.2273 738.8499 738.84997.2600e-0030.8383 5.3700e-003 0.8437 0.2223Worker 0.2779 0.2094 2.71400.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.0183 281.9062Unmitigated Construction Off-Site0.0817 0.0817281.4481 281.44812.9700e-0030.0817 0.0817Total14.9660 1.4085 1.8136281.4481 281.4481 0.0183281.9062Off-Road 0.2045 1.4085 1.8136 2.9700e-0030.0817 0.08170.0817 0.0817501

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedN2O CO2ePM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH43.7 Paving - 2022Unmitigated Construction On-SiteROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5738.8499 738.8499 0.0214 0.0201 745.36010.0214 0.0201 745.3601Total 0.2779 0.2094 2.7140 7.2600e-0030.7727 5.3700e-003 0.7781 0.2062 4.9500e-003 0.21124.9500e-003 0.2112 738.8499 738.84997.2600e-0030.7727 5.3700e-003 0.7781 0.2062Worker 0.2779 0.2094 2.71400.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.0183 281.9062Mitigated Construction Off-Site0.0817 0.0817 0.0000 281.4481 281.44812.9700e-0030.0817 0.0817Total 14.9660 1.4085 1.8136281.4481 281.4481 0.0183 281.90620.0000Off-Road 0.2045 1.4085 1.8136 2.9700e-0030.0817 0.0817 0.0817 0.0817 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Archit. Coating 14.7614502

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedMitigated Construction On-Site147.7700 147.7700 4.2700e-003 4.0100e-003 149.07204.2700e-003 4.0100e-003 149.0720Total 0.0556 0.0419 0.5428 1.4500e-0030.1677 1.0700e-003 0.1687 0.0445 9.9000e-004 0.04559.9000e-004 0.0455 147.7700 147.77001.4500e-0030.1677 1.0700e-003 0.1687 0.0445Worker 0.0556 0.0419 0.54280.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.71402,225.5104Unmitigated Construction Off-Site0.5225 0.52252,207.6603 2,207.66030.02280.5679 0.5679Total1.1028 11.1249 14.58050.00000.00000.71402,225.5104Paving 0.00000.0000 0.00000.0000 0.00000.5225 0.52252,207.6603 2,207.66030.02280.5679 0.5679Off-Road 1.1028 11.1249 14.5805Categorylb/daylb/day503

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:48 PMBellflower HE - Construction - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied147.7700 147.7700 4.2700e-003 4.0100e-003 149.07204.2700e-003 4.0100e-003 149.0720Total 0.0556 0.0419 0.5428 1.4500e-0030.1546 1.0700e-003 0.1556 0.0413 9.9000e-004 0.04229.9000e-004 0.0422 147.7700 147.77001.4500e-0030.1546 1.0700e-003 0.1556 0.0413Worker 0.0556 0.0419 0.54280.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000CH4 N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.71402,225.5104Mitigated Construction Off-Site0.5225 0.5225 0.0000 2,207.6603 2,207.66030.0228 0.5679 0.5679Total 1.1028 11.1249 14.58050.00000.00000.71402,225.5104Paving 0.00000.0000 0.00000.0000 0.00000.5225 0.5225 0.0000 2,207.6603 2,207.66030.02280.5679 0.5679Off-Road 1.1028 11.1249 14.5805N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5504

tblFireplacesNumberWood165.450.00tblFireplacesNumberWood41.900.00tblFireplacesNumberGas2,812.652,978.10tblFireplacesNumberGas712.30754.20Vehicle Trips - Trips adjusted to meet project annual VMT of 56,121,351Woodstoves - Rule 445 no woodburning stoves or fireplacesTable NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValueN2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Lot acreage adjusted to meet project descriptionUtility CompanySan Diego Gas & ElectricCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)539.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033Precipitation Freq (Days)33Climate Zone9Operational Year20301.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.29464Apartments Mid Rise 838.00 Dwelling Unit 57.41 838,000.00 2397Apartments High Rise 3,309.00 Dwelling Unit 93.88 3,309,000.00Bellflower HE - OperationsLos Angeles-South Coast County, Annual1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied505

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.0000 387.2296 22.8846 0.0000 959.34501.1361 0.7010 16,979.3778Waste0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 387.22960.1050 5.7342 0.0000 16,742.0698 16,742.06980.1711 21.0950 0.1130 21.2079 5.6292Mobile 7.9992 8.0904 78.94256,801.5254 6,801.5254 0.2944 0.0820 6,833.31370.0837 0.0164 973.1123Energy 0.2922 2.4969 1.0625 0.0159 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.00000.2997 0.2997 0.0000 966.1223 966.12237.2000e-0030.2997 0.2997Area 17.6490 1.2656 42.9829N2O CO2eCategory tons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH42.2 Overall OperationalUnmitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.52.0 Emissions SummarytblWoodstovesNumberNoncatalytic165.450.00tblWoodstovesNumberNoncatalytic41.900.00tblWoodstovesNumberCatalytic165.450.00tblWoodstovesNumberCatalytic41.900.00tblVehicleTripsHW_TL14.7013.00tblVehicleTripsHW_TL14.7012.99tblVehicleTripsHS_TL5.904.50tblVehicleTripsHS_TL5.904.50tblVehicleTripsHO_TL8.707.89tblVehicleTripsHO_TL8.707.89tblLandUseLotAcreage53.3793.88tblLandUseLotAcreage22.0557.41506

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROGNOx CO SO225,834.9561 26,307.9057 33.2841 1.0171 27,443.11478.8853 0.2177 1,697.9660Total25.9404 11.8529 122.9878 0.1943 21.09500.6146 21.7096 5.6292 0.6066 6.2358 472.94960.0000 0.0000 85.7200 1,325.2385 1,410.95860.0000 0.0000Water0.0000 387.2296 22.8846 0.0000 959.34501.1361 0.7010 16,979.3778Waste0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 387.22960.1050 5.7342 0.0000 16,742.0698 16,742.06980.1711 21.0950 0.1130 21.2079 5.6292Mobile7.9992 8.0904 78.94256,801.5254 6,801.5254 0.2944 0.0820 6,833.31370.0837 0.0164 973.1123Energy0.2922 2.4969 1.0625 0.01590.2019 0.20190.2019 0.2019 0.00000.2997 0.2997 0.0000 966.1223 966.12237.2000e-0030.2997 0.2997Area17.6490 1.2656 42.9829N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.525,834.9561 26,307.9057 33.2841 1.0171 27,443.11478.8853 0.2177 1,697.9660Total 25.9404 11.8529 122.9878 0.1943 21.09500.6146 21.7096 5.6292 0.6066 6.2358 472.94960.0000 0.0000 85.7200 1,325.2385 1,410.95860.0000 0.0000Water507

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied4.4 Fleet Mix19.20 40.6086113Apartments Mid Rise12.99 4.507.89 40.2019.20 40.6086113Apartments High Rise13.00 4.507.89 40.20H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary DivertedPass-byLand UseH-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W4.3 Trip Type InformationMilesTrip %Trip Purpose %13,009,668Total19,283.77 19,104.35 15,306.7356,126,12256,126,122Apartments Mid Rise4,558.724,114.58 3427.4213,009,668Annual VMTApartments High Rise14,725.05 14,989.77 11879.3143,116,45343,116,453Land UseWeekday Saturday SundayAnnual VMT1.1361 0.7010 16,979.37784.2 Trip Summary InformationAverage Daily Trip RateUnmitigatedMitigated16,979.3778Unmitigated 7.9992 8.0904 78.9425 0.1711 21.0950 0.1130 21.2079 5.6292 0.1050 5.7342 0.0000 16,742.0698 16,742.06980.0000 16,742.0698 16,742.0698 1.1361 0.7010CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrMitigated 7.9992 8.0904 78.9425 0.1711 21.0950 0.1130 21.2079 5.6292 0.1050 5.7342Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile4.1 Mitigation Measures MobileROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10508

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGasUnmitigated2,891.6326 2,891.6326 0.0554 0.0530 2,908.81610.0554 0.0530 2,908.8161NaturalGas Unmitigated0.2922 2.4969 1.0625 0.0159 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.00000.2019 0.2019 0.0000 2,891.6326 2,891.63260.0159 0.2019 0.2019NaturalGas Mitigated0.2922 2.4969 1.06253,909.8928 3,909.8928 0.2390 0.0290 3,924.49750.2390 0.0290 3,924.4975Electricity Unmitigated0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,909.8928 3,909.89280.0000 0.0000Electricity MitigatedCH4 N2O CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.000724 0.00325.0 Energy DetailHistorical Energy Use: N5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy0.000569 0.026493 0.000724 0.0032Apartments Mid Rise0.529534 0.067658 0.193471 0.126518 0.024260 0.006985 0.011675 0.007885 0.000939 0.000569 0.0264930.024260 0.006985 0.011675 0.007885 0.000939Apartments High Rise0.529534 0.067658 0.193471 0.126518OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MHMDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHDLand Use LDA LDT1 LDT2509

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied5.3 Energy by Land Use - ElectricityUnmitigated2,891.6326 2,891.6326 0.0554 0.0530 2,908.81610.0107 587.7955Total 0.2922 2.4969 1.0625 0.0159 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.00000.0408 0.0000 584.3232 584.3232 0.01122,307.3095 0.0442 0.0423 2,321.0206Apartments Mid Rise1.09498e+0070.0590 0.5046 0.2147 3.2200e-003 0.0408 0.0408 0.04080.1611 0.1611 0.0000 2,307.30950.8478 0.0127 0.1611 0.1611Apartments High Rise4.32373e+0070.2331 1.9923CH4 N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yrtons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2MitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.52,891.6326 2,891.6326 0.0554 0.0530 2,908.81610.0107 587.7955Total 0.2922 2.4969 1.0625 0.0159 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.2019 0.00000.0408 0.0000 584.3232 584.3232 0.01122,307.3095 0.0442 0.0423 2,321.0206Apartments Mid Rise1.09498e+0070.0590 0.5046 0.2147 3.2200e-003 0.0408 0.0408 0.04080.1611 0.1611 0.0000 2,307.30950.8478 0.0127 0.1611 0.1611Apartments High Rise4.32373e+0070.2331 1.9923CH4 N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yr tons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2NaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5510

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.0837 0.0164 973.11230.2997 0.2997 0.0000 966.1223 966.12237.2000e-0030.2997 0.2997Total 17.6490 1.2656 42.982969.8585 69.8585 0.0666 0.0000 71.52240.0172 0.0164 901.5899Landscaping 1.2758 0.4917 42.6536 2.2600e-0030.2372 0.23720.2372 0.2372 0.00000.0626 0.0626 0.0000 896.2638 896.26384.9400e-0030.0626 0.0626Hearth0.0906 0.7739 0.32930.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Consumer Products 14.98520.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating1.2974CH4 N2O CO2eSubCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO0.0837 0.0164 973.11236.2 Area by SubCategoryUnmitigated973.1123Unmitigated 17.6490 1.2656 42.9829 7.2000e-0030.2997 0.2997 0.2997 0.2997 0.0000 966.1223 966.12230.0000 966.1223 966.1223 0.0837 0.0164CO2eCategorytons/yrMT/yrMitigated 17.6490 1.2656 42.9829 7.2000e-0030.2997 0.29970.2997 0.2997Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 TotalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10512

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedCO2eCategorytonMT/yrTotal CO2 CH4 N2O0.0837 0.0164 973.11237.0 Water Detail7.1 Mitigation Measures Water0.2997 0.2997 0.0000 966.1223 966.12237.2000e-0030.2997 0.2997Total 17.6490 1.2656 42.982969.8585 69.8585 0.0666 0.0000 71.52240.0172 0.0164 901.5899Landscaping 1.2758 0.4917 42.6536 2.2600e-0030.2372 0.23720.2372 0.2372 0.00000.0626 0.0626 0.0000 896.2638 896.26384.9400e-0030.0626 0.0626Hearth0.0906 0.7739 0.32930.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000Consumer Products 14.98520.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating1.2974CH4 N2O CO2eSubCategorytons/yrMT/yrExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COMitigated513

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedLand Use MgaltonMT/yrApartments High Rise215.595 / 135.9181,125.8408 7.0898 0.1737 1,354.8516MitigatedIndoor/Outdoor UseTotal CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e0.0440 343.1144Total 1,410.9586 8.8853 0.2177 1,697.9660Apartments Mid Rise54.5991 / 34.4212285.1177 1.7955Land Use MgaltonMT/yrApartments High Rise215.595 / 135.9181,125.8408 7.0898 0.1737 1,354.85161,697.96607.2 Water by Land UseUnmitigatedIndoor/Outdoor UseTotal CO2 CH4 N2O CO2eUnmitigated 1,410.9586 8.8853 0.2177Mitigated 1,410.9586 8.8853 0.2177 1,697.9660514

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedLand Use tonstonMT/yr959.34508.2 Waste by Land UseUnmitigatedWaste DisposedTotal CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Unmitigated 387.2296 22.8846 0.0000tonMT/yr Mitigated 387.2296 22.8846 0.0000 959.34508.0 Waste Detail8.1 Mitigation Measures WasteCategory/YearTotal CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e0.0440 343.1144Total 1,410.9586 8.8853 0.2177 1,697.9660Apartments Mid Rise54.5991 / 34.4212285.1177 1.7955515

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedLoad Factor Fuel TypeEquipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse PowerHorse Power Load Factor Fuel Type10.0 Stationary EquipmentFire Pumps and Emergency Generators9.0 Operational OffroadEquipment TypeNumberHours/DayDays/Year0.0000 193.8585Total 387.2296 22.8846 0.0000 959.3450Apartments Mid Rise385.48 78.2490 4.6244Land Use tonstonMT/yrApartments High Rise1522.14 308.9807 18.2602 0.0000 765.4865MitigatedWaste DisposedTotal CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e0.0000 193.8585Total 387.2296 22.8846 0.0000 959.3450Apartments Mid Rise385.48 78.2490 4.6244Apartments High Rise1522.14 308.9807 18.2602 0.0000 765.4865516

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:55 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, AnnualEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedUser Defined EquipmentEquipment TypeNumber11.0 VegetationBoilersEquipment TypeNumberHeat Input/DayHeat Input/YearBoiler RatingFuel Type517

tblFireplacesNumberWood165.450.00tblFireplacesNumberWood41.900.00tblFireplacesNumberGas2,812.652,978.10tblFireplacesNumberGas712.30754.20Vehicle Trips - Trips adjusted to meet project annual VMT of 56,121,351Woodstoves - Rule 445 no woodburning stoves or fireplacesTable NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValueN2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Lot acreage adjusted to meet project descriptionUtility CompanySan Diego Gas & ElectricCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)539.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033Precipitation Freq (Days)33Climate Zone9Operational Year20301.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.29464Apartments Mid Rise 838.00 Dwelling Unit 57.41 838,000.00 2397Apartments High Rise 3,309.00 Dwelling Unit 93.88 3,309,000.00Bellflower HE - OperationsLos Angeles-South Coast County, Summer1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied518

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied7.0395 4.2434 110,948.05930.6040 33.5456 109,507.5387109,507.53871.0152 123.6401 0.6498 124.2900 32.9416Mobile 47.7154 42.6007 455.433517,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42982.1018 1.4490 80,137.3380Energy 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10626.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.4133 6.9030 6.9030Area 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743CH4 N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO2.2 Overall OperationalUnmitigated Operational2.0 Emissions SummarytblWoodstovesNumberNoncatalytic165.450.00tblWoodstovesNumberNoncatalytic41.900.00tblWoodstovesNumberCatalytic165.450.00tblWoodstovesNumberCatalytic41.900.00tblVehicleTripsHW_TL14.7013.00tblVehicleTripsHW_TL14.7012.99tblVehicleTripsHS_TL5.904.50tblVehicleTripsHS_TL5.904.50tblVehicleTripsHO_TL8.707.89tblVehicleTripsHO_TL8.707.89tblLandUseLotAcreage53.3793.88tblLandUseLotAcreage22.0557.41519

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile0.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROGNOx CO SO2206,626.1664206,626.16649.4761 6.0126 208,654.82717.0395 4.2434 110,948.0593Total 155.9877 122.1281 828.8297 1.5158 123.64018.6590 132.2991 32.9416 8.6132 41.5548 0.00000.6040 33.5456109,507.5387109,507.53871.0152 123.6401 0.6498 124.2900 32.9416Mobile 47.7154 42.6007 455.433517,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42982.1018 1.4490 80,137.3380Energy 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.08731.1062 1.10621.1062 1.10626.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.41336.9030 6.9030Area 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5206,626.1664206,626.16649.4761 6.0126 208,654.8271Total 155.9877 122.1281 828.8297 1.5158 123.64018.6590 132.2991 32.9416 8.6132 41.5548 0.0000520

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.000724 0.00325.0 Energy Detail0.000569 0.026493 0.000724 0.0032Apartments Mid Rise 0.529534 0.067658 0.193471 0.126518 0.024260 0.006985 0.011675 0.007885 0.000939 0.000569 0.0264930.024260 0.006985 0.011675 0.007885 0.000939Apartments High Rise 0.529534 0.067658 0.193471 0.126518OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MHMDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD4.4 Fleet MixLand Use LDA LDT1 LDT219.20 40.6086113Apartments Mid Rise12.994.507.89 40.2019.20 40.6086113Apartments High Rise13.004.507.89 40.20H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary DivertedPass-byLand UseH-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W4.3 Trip Type InformationMilesTrip %Trip Purpose %13,009,668Total19,283.77 19,104.35 15,306.7356,126,12256,126,122Apartments Mid Rise4,558.724,114.58 3427.4213,009,668Annual VMTApartments High Rise14,725.05 14,989.77 11879.3143,116,45343,116,453Land UseWeekday Saturday SundayAnnual VMT4.2434 110,948.05934.2 Trip Summary InformationAverage Daily Trip RateUnmitigatedMitigated33.5456109,507.5387109,507.53877.0395123.6401 0.6498 124.2900 32.9416 0.6040Unmitigated 47.7154 42.6007 455.4335 1.0152109,507.5387109,507.53877.0395 4.2434 110,948.0593CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayMitigated 47.7154 42.6007 455.4335 1.0152 123.6401 0.6498 124.2900 32.9416 0.6040 33.5456Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2 5Exhaust PM2 5PM2.5 TotalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10521

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied17,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42980.0647 3,550.3212Total 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10620.2235 3,529.3481 3,529.3481 0.067713,936.2921 0.2671 0.2555 14,019.1085Apartments Mid Rise29999.5 0.3235 2.7647 1.1765 0.0177 0.2235 0.2235 0.22350.8826 0.8826 13,936.29214.6454 0.0697 0.8826 0.8826Apartments High Rise118458 1.2775 10.9168CH4 N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yrlb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO25.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGasUnmitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.517,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42980.3348 0.3202 17,569.4298NaturalGas Unmitigated1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10621.1062 1.1062 17,465.6402 17,465.64020.0873 1.1062 1.1062NaturalGas Mitigated1.6010 13.6814 5.8219CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COHistorical Energy Use: N5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy522

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied80,137.33800.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.9876 2.1018 1.4490CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayMitigated 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743 0.41336.9030 6.90306.9030 6.9030Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total6.0 Area Detail6.1 Mitigation Measures AreaROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM1017,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42980.0647 3,550.3212Total 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10620.2235 3,529.3481 3,529.3481 0.067713,936.2921 0.2671 0.2555 14,019.1085Apartments Mid Rise29.9995 0.3235 2.7647 1.1765 0.0177 0.2235 0.2235 0.22350.8826 0.8826 13,936.29214.6454 0.0697 0.8826 0.8826Apartments High Rise118.458 1.2775 10.9168CH4 N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yr lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2MitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5523

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedCH4 N2O CO2eSubCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO2.1018 1.4490 80,137.3380Mitigated6.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.4133 6.9030 6.9030Total 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743616.0464 616.0464 0.5869 630.71981.5149 1.4490 79,506.6182Landscaping 10.2064 3.9337 341.2286 0.0181 1.8974 1.8974 1.8974 1.89745.0057 5.0057 0.0000 79,036.9412 79,036.94120.3952 5.0057 5.0057Hearth 7.2451 61.9123 26.34570.0000 0.00000.0000Consumer Products 82.1106 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating7.1093CH4 N2O CO2eSubCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO2.1018 1.4490 80,137.33806.2 Area by SubCategoryUnmitigatedUnmitigated 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743 0.41336.9030 6.90306.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.9876524

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedFuel TypeEquipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler RatingHours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel TypeBoilers10.0 Stationary EquipmentFire Pumps and Emergency GeneratorsEquipment TypeNumberHours/DayHours/DayDays/YearHorse PowerLoad Factor Fuel Type8.0 Waste Detail8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste9.0 Operational OffroadEquipment TypeNumber2.1018 1.4490 80,137.33807.0 Water Detail7.1 Mitigation Measures Water6.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.4133 6.9030 6.9030Total 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743616.0464 616.0464 0.5869 630.71981.5149 1.4490 79,506.6182Landscaping 10.2064 3.9337 341.2286 0.0181 1.8974 1.8974 1.8974 1.89745.0057 5.0057 0.0000 79,036.9412 79,036.94120.3952 5.0057 5.0057Hearth 7.2451 61.9123 26.34570.0000 0.00000.0000Consumer Products 82.1106 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating7.1093525

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 5:58 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, SummerEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedUser Defined EquipmentEquipment TypeNumber11.0 Vegetation526

tblFireplacesNumberWood165.450.00tblFireplacesNumberWood41.900.00tblFireplacesNumberGas2,812.652,978.10tblFireplacesNumberGas712.30754.20Vehicle Trips - Trips adjusted to meet project annual VMT of 56,121,351Woodstoves - Rule 445 no woodburning stoves or fireplacesTable NameColumn NameDefault ValueNew ValueN2O Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.0041.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default DataProject Characteristics - Land Use - Lot acreage adjusted to meet project descriptionUtility CompanySan Diego Gas & ElectricCO2 Intensity (lb/MWhr)539.98CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr)0.033Precipitation Freq (Days)33Climate Zone9Operational Year20301.2 Other Project CharacteristicsUrbanizationUrbanWind Speed (m/s)2.29464Apartments Mid Rise 838.00 Dwelling Unit 57.41 838,000.00 2397Apartments High Rise 3,309.00 Dwelling Unit 93.88 3,309,000.00Bellflower HE - OperationsLos Angeles-South Coast County, Winter1.0 Project Characteristics1.1 Land UsageLand UsesSizeMetricLot Acreage Floor Surface AreaPopulationCalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied527

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied7.2343 4.4189 106,466.96040.6042 33.5459 104,969.2763104,969.27630.9732 123.6401 0.6501 124.2902 32.9416Mobile 46.7293 45.9364 450.979017,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42982.1018 1.4490 80,137.3380Energy 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10626.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.4133 6.9030 6.9030Area 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743CH4 N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO2.2 Overall OperationalUnmitigated Operational2.0 Emissions SummarytblWoodstovesNumberNoncatalytic165.450.00tblWoodstovesNumberNoncatalytic41.900.00tblWoodstovesNumberCatalytic165.450.00tblWoodstovesNumberCatalytic41.900.00tblVehicleTripsHW_TL14.7013.00tblVehicleTripsHW_TL14.7012.99tblVehicleTripsHS_TL5.904.50tblVehicleTripsHS_TL5.904.50tblVehicleTripsHO_TL8.707.89tblVehicleTripsHO_TL8.707.89tblLandUseLotAcreage53.3793.88tblLandUseLotAcreage22.0557.41528

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile0.00 0.00 0.00N20 CO2ePercent Reduction 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5ROGNOx CO SO2202,087.9040202,087.90409.6708 6.1881 204,173.72817.2343 4.4189 106,466.9604Total 155.0017 125.4639 824.3751 1.4738 123.64018.6593 132.2994 32.9416 8.6134 41.5550 0.00000.6042 33.5459104,969.2763104,969.27630.9732 123.6401 0.6501 124.2902 32.9416Mobile 46.7293 45.9364 450.979017,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42982.1018 1.4490 80,137.3380Energy 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.08731.1062 1.10621.1062 1.10626.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.41336.9030 6.9030Area 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743N2O CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayPM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4Mitigated OperationalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5202,087.9040202,087.90409.6708 6.1881 204,173.7281Total 155.0017 125.4639 824.3751 1.4738 123.64018.6593 132.2994 32.9416 8.6134 41.5550 0.0000529

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied0.000724 0.00325.0 Energy Detail0.000569 0.026493 0.000724 0.0032Apartments Mid Rise 0.529534 0.067658 0.193471 0.126518 0.024260 0.006985 0.011675 0.007885 0.000939 0.000569 0.0264930.024260 0.006985 0.011675 0.007885 0.000939Apartments High Rise 0.529534 0.067658 0.193471 0.126518OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MHMDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD4.4 Fleet MixLand Use LDA LDT1 LDT219.20 40.6086113Apartments Mid Rise12.994.507.89 40.2019.20 40.6086113Apartments High Rise13.004.507.89 40.20H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary DivertedPass-byLand UseH-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W4.3 Trip Type InformationMilesTrip %Trip Purpose %13,009,668Total19,283.77 19,104.35 15,306.7356,126,12256,126,122Apartments Mid Rise4,558.724,114.58 3427.4213,009,668Annual VMTApartments High Rise14,725.05 14,989.77 11879.3143,116,45343,116,453Land UseWeekday Saturday SundayAnnual VMT4.4189 106,466.96044.2 Trip Summary InformationAverage Daily Trip RateUnmitigatedMitigated33.5459104,969.2763104,969.27637.2343123.6401 0.6501 124.2902 32.9416 0.6042Unmitigated 46.7293 45.9364 450.9790 0.9732104,969.2763104,969.27637.2343 4.4189 106,466.9604CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayMitigated 46.7293 45.9364 450.9790 0.9732 123.6401 0.6501 124.2902 32.9416 0.6042 33.5459Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2 5Exhaust PM2 5PM2.5 TotalROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10530

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied17,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42980.0647 3,550.3212Total 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10620.2235 3,529.3481 3,529.3481 0.067713,936.2921 0.2671 0.2555 14,019.1085Apartments Mid Rise29999.5 0.3235 2.7647 1.1765 0.0177 0.2235 0.2235 0.22350.8826 0.8826 13,936.29214.6454 0.0697 0.8826 0.8826Apartments High Rise118458 1.2775 10.9168CH4 N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yrlb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO25.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGasUnmitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.517,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42980.3348 0.3202 17,569.4298NaturalGas Unmitigated1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10621.1062 1.1062 17,465.6402 17,465.64020.0873 1.1062 1.1062NaturalGas Mitigated1.6010 13.6814 5.8219CH4 N2O CO2eCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx COHistorical Energy Use: N5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy531

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied80,137.33800.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.9876 2.1018 1.4490CO2eCategorylb/daylb/dayMitigated 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743 0.41336.9030 6.90306.9030 6.9030Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2OExhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5Exhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total6.0 Area Detail6.1 Mitigation Measures AreaROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM1017,465.6402 17,465.6402 0.3348 0.3202 17,569.42980.0647 3,550.3212Total 1.6010 13.6814 5.8219 0.0873 1.1062 1.1062 1.1062 1.10620.2235 3,529.3481 3,529.3481 0.067713,936.2921 0.2671 0.2555 14,019.1085Apartments Mid Rise29.9995 0.3235 2.7647 1.1765 0.0177 0.2235 0.2235 0.22350.8826 0.8826 13,936.29214.6454 0.0697 0.8826 0.8826Apartments High Rise118.458 1.2775 10.9168CH4 N2O CO2eLand Use kBTU/yr lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2MitigatedNaturalGas UseROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5532

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedCH4 N2O CO2eSubCategorylb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO2.1018 1.4490 80,137.3380Mitigated6.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.4133 6.9030 6.9030Total 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743616.0464 616.0464 0.5869 630.71981.5149 1.4490 79,506.6182Landscaping 10.2064 3.9337 341.2286 0.0181 1.8974 1.8974 1.8974 1.89745.0057 5.0057 0.0000 79,036.9412 79,036.94120.3952 5.0057 5.0057Hearth 7.2451 61.9123 26.34570.0000 0.00000.0000Consumer Products 82.1106 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating7.1093CH4 N2O CO2eSubCategory lb/daylb/dayExhaust PM2.5PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2SO2 Fugitive PM10Exhaust PM10PM10 Total Fugitive PM2.5ROG NOx CO2.1018 1.4490 80,137.33806.2 Area by SubCategoryUnmitigatedUnmitigated 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743 0.41336.9030 6.90306.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.9876533

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedFuel TypeEquipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler RatingHours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel TypeBoilers10.0 Stationary EquipmentFire Pumps and Emergency GeneratorsEquipment TypeNumberHours/DayHours/DayDays/YearHorse PowerLoad Factor Fuel Type8.0 Waste Detail8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste9.0 Operational OffroadEquipment TypeNumber2.1018 1.4490 80,137.33807.0 Water Detail7.1 Mitigation Measures Water6.9030 6.9030 0.0000 79,652.9876 79,652.98760.4133 6.9030 6.9030Total 106.6713 65.8460 367.5743616.0464 616.0464 0.5869 630.71981.5149 1.4490 79,506.6182Landscaping 10.2064 3.9337 341.2286 0.0181 1.8974 1.8974 1.8974 1.89745.0057 5.0057 0.0000 79,036.9412 79,036.94120.3952 5.0057 5.0057Hearth 7.2451 61.9123 26.34570.0000 0.00000.0000Consumer Products 82.1106 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000Architectural Coating7.1093534

CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0Page 1 of 1Date: 8/25/2021 6:01 PMBellflower HE - Operations - Los Angeles-South Coast County, WinterEMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule AppliedUser Defined EquipmentEquipment TypeNumber11.0 Vegetation535

CalEEMod VMT Calculator (UNMITIGATED SCENARIO)Daily VMT Provided by City 161,733.00 347 days per yearAnnual VMT 56,121,351.00 https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/Trip TypeCalEEMod defaults based on land uses inputtedH-w or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-O H-w or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-O Primary Diverted Pass-byApartments Mid Rise 12.99 4.49 7.89 40.2% 19.2% 40.6% 86.0% 11.0% 3.0%Apartments High Rise 13.00 4.50 7.89 40.2% 19.2% 40.6% 86.0% 11.0% 3.0%Total Trips Total Trips = (TripRate weekday x 5 +Trip Sat + Trip Sun) Average Daily Trips Based on CalEEMod Trip Gen Defaults per land use unit. Total trips Calculated weekday Saturday Sunday Total Trips (weekly)
Apartments Mid Rise 4,556.84 4,112.89 3426.009573 30323.11651 Apartments High Rise 14,726.58 14,991.33 11880.548 100504.803 Trip Length Calc
AVG Trip Length = Link % primary x trip length primary+link % divertedx0.25x length trip primary+link % passbyx0.1 Trip length calculated for each trip type based on trip purpose % and length defaults from CalEEMod Land Use
Apartments Mid Rise link % primary
trip length
primary link % diverted Constant (0.25)
trip length
primary link % passby constant Trip Length
H-W or c-w 86.0% 12.99 11.0% 0.25 12.99 3.0%0.1 11.5
h-s or c-c 86.0% 4.49 11.0% 0.25 4.49 3.0% 0.1 4.0
h-o or c-o 86.0% 7.89 11.0% 0.25 7.89 3.0% 0.1 7.0
Apartments High Rise link % primary primary link % diverted Constant (0.25) primary link % passby constant H-W or c-w 86.0% 13.00 11.0% 0.25 13.00 3.0% 0.1 11.5
h-s or c-c 86.0% 4.50 11.0% 0.25 4.50 3.0% 0.1 4.0
h-o or c-o 86.0% 7.89 11.0% 0.25 7.89 3.0% 0.1 7.0
VMT Calc Per Land Use Type (Weekly)
VMT = #Trips x AVG Trip Length per land use and trip type Apartments Mid Rise # trips trip length Weekly VMT Annual VMT H-W or c-w 12,190 11.5 140,569
h-s or c-c 5,822 4.0 23,218
h-o or c-o 12,311 7.0 86,244
Apartments High Rise
H-W or c-w 40,403 11.5 466,270
h-s or c-c 19,297 4.0 77,125
h-o or c-o 40,805 7.0 285,854
Total VMT 1,079,280 56,122,574.44 Annual VMT Calc
Summed Weekly VMT from Each Land Use 1,079,280.28
Weeks per Year CalEEMod Uses for Annual VMT 52.00 52.0000 52.14285714 Calculated Annual VMT 56,122,574 56,122,574
(1,223.44)
153,760
Trip number for each trip type are derived by multiplying the total trips for each land use calculated above in the Total Trip Calcs by the trip % shown in the Trip Type table for each land use
the calculated weekly VMT for each land use is summed. This value is multiplied by 50 weeks/year to equal the annual VMT number calculated by CalEEMod This calcultor was created based on the default trip inputs for the unmitigated CalEEMod run. The calculator calculateds the annual VMT from the proposed project using the same methodology from CalEEMod, described in Appendix A, for the UNMITIGATED SCENARIO. This calculator can be used to adjust land use trip rates for the MITIGATED PROJECT scenario which is based on the traffic study conducted for the projectLand Use Miles Trip % Trip Purpose Land Use Average Daily Trip Rate 536

Construction Emissions Worksheet - Unmitigated*CalEEMod, Version 2020.4.0Summer ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total202218.33 68.29 36.80 0.20 29.27 6.19Max18.33 68.29 36.80 0.20 29.27 6.19WinterROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total 2022 18.44 70.02 35.38 0.20 29.27 6.19
Max 18.44 70.02 35.38 0.20 29.27 6.19
MAX DAILY 18 70 37 0 29 6
Regional Thresholds 75 100 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Thresholds? No No No No No No 537

Operation Emissions Worksheet - Unmitigated*CalEEMod, Version 2020.4.0Existing Land Use - 2021Summer ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 TotalArea 16.18 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00Energy0.04 0.35 0.30 0.00 0.03 0.03Mobile84.79 85.42 718.97 1.37 129.87 35.52Total 101.00 85.77 719.34 1.37 129.90 35.55WinterROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total Area 16.18 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
Energy 0.04 0.35 0.30 0.00 0.03 0.03
Mobile 82.86 91.92 713.49 1.31 129.88 35.52
Total 99.07 92.27 713.86 1.31 129.90 35.55
Max Daily
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total
Area 16.18 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
Energy 0.04 0.35 0.30 0.00 0.03 0.03
Mobile 84.79 91.92 718.97 1.37 129.88 35.52
Total 101.00 92.27 719.34 1.37 129.90 35.55
Proposed Project - 2030
Summer
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total
Area 106.67 65.85 367.57 0.41 6.90 6.90
Energy 1.60 13.68 5.82 0.09 1.11 1.11
Mobile 47.72 42.60 455.43 1.02 124.29 33.55
Total 155.99 122.13 828.83 1.52 132.30 41.55
Winter
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total
Area 106.67 65.85 367.57 0.41 6.90 6.90
Energy 1.60 13.68 5.82 0.09 1.11 1.11
Mobile 46.73 45.94 450.98 0.97 124.29 33.55
Total 155.00 125.46 824.38 1.47 132.30 41.56
Max Daily
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total
Area 106.67 65.85 367.57 0.41 6.90 6.90
Energy 1.60 13.68 5.82 0.09 1.11 1.11
Mobile 47.72 45.94 455.43 1.02 124.29 33.55
Total 155.99 125.46 828.83 1.52 132.30 41.56
Net Difference
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10 Total PM2.5 Total
Area 90.50 65.85 367.50 0.41 6.90 6.90
Energy 1.56 13.33 5.52 0.09 1.08 1.08
Mobile -37.08 -45.98 -263.54 -0.35 -5.59 -1.98
Total 54.98 33.19 109.49 0.14 2.40 6.00
Regional Thresholds 55 55 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Thresholds? No No No No No No 538

Build-Out Scenario Greenhouse Gas Emissions SummaryExisting Land Use - 2021 MT/yr Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2eArea Sources 0 1.80E-02 1.80E-02 5.00E-05 0 0.01920 0%Energy Use 0 2,118.85 2,118.85 1.74E-01 2.23E-02 2,130 9%Mobile Sources 0 20,445.94 20,445.94 1.72E+00 1.0558 20,804 88%Waste Generation 154.263 0 154.263 9.1167 0 382 2%Water/Wastewater 1.70E+01 1.89E+02 2.06E+02 1.76E+00 4.32E-02 262 1%Total 171 22753 22925 13 1 23,578 100% Proposed Project - 2030
MT/yr
Area Sources 0 9.66E+02 9.66E+02 8.37E-02 0.0164 973 4% Energy Use 0 6,801.53 6,801.53 2.94E-01 8.20E-02 6,833 25% Mobile Sources 0 16,742.07 16,742.07 1.14E+00 0.701 16,979 62% Waste Generation 387.2296 0 387.2296 22.8846 0 959 3%
Water/Wastewater 8.57E+01 1.33E+03 1,410.96 8.89E+00 2.18E-01 1,698 6% Total 473 25835 26308 33 1 27,443 100%
Net Emission Rates from Proposed Project
MT/yr Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Area Sources 0 966.1043 966.1043 0.08365 0.0164 973.09 25% Energy Use 0 4682.677 4682.677 0.1201 0.0597 4,703 121% Mobile Sources 0 -3703.87 -3703.87 -0.5839 -0.3548 -3,824 -98% Waste Generation 232.9666 0 232.9666 13.7679 0 577 15%
Water/Wastewater 68.7118 1136.699 1205.411 7.1225 0.1745 1,435.5 37% Amoritized Construction 33 1%
Total 301.68 3081.608 3383.287 20.5103 -0.1041 3,898 100% SCAQMD 2035 Project Efficiency Threshold 3.0
Project Emissions 27,706
Project Population 13,644
Project Efficiency Metric 2.0
CAP Emissions Target (SB32)170,130
CAP 2030 Population 79,733
CAP Efficiency Metric 2.1
Exceeds Threshold No
Construction
Construction
Unmitigated Const. Const.
2022 984
Total Construction 984 7,875
30-Year Amortization 33 263 539

Appendix C
Energy Data

540

541

Operational Energy SummaryLand UseNatural Gas kBTU/yearNatural Gas therm/yearElectricity kWh/yearElectricity MWh/yearDiesel gallons/yearGasoline gallons/yeartherm/kbtu 100.000000Apartments Mid Rise 43,237,300 432,373 12,737,50012,7380.00 0.00 kBTU/MMBT1000Apartments High Rise 10,949,800 109,498 3,225,7603,2260.00 0.00Total 54,187,100 541,871 15,963,260 15,963 0 0542

Energy Calculations SummaryOperational Fuel Use SummaryFuel Type Fleet Mix (%)Gallons per MileAnnual VMT GallonsGasoline 98.99% 0.04 2,100,661Diesel 1.01% 0.11 61,889Notes:1. Fleet mix calculated from CalEEMod default values.2. Gallons per mile calculated from EMFAC 2021.3. Annual VMT obtained from CalEEMod output file.56,121,351543

Source: EMFAC2017 (v1.0.3) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: County
Region: Los Angeles
Calendar Year: 2030
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2011 Categories
Units: miles/day for VMT, trips/day for Trips, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption Region CalYr VehClass MdlYr Speed Fuel Population VMT Trips Gasoline Fuel
Consumption
Diesel Fuel
Consumption
miles/hr vehicles miles/day trips/day 1,000 gallons/day 1,000 gallons/day Los Angele 2030 All Other Buses Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1636.819531 83095.19381 14567.69383 8.489361053 Los Angele 2030 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 3136959.222 121780154.6 14537513.07 3859.424923 Los Angele 2030 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 4577.363477 146104.8551 19777.56653 3.327656531 Los Angele 2030 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 293964.8064 10653272.34 1300393.249 404.1208339 Los Angele 2030 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 5.527440986 147.3636897 18.71479944 0.005765751 Los Angele 2030 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1780543.91 71593441.1 8353294.912 2777.773465 Los Angele 2030 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6259.401639 257725.9483 29811.71682 7.696169126 Los Angele 2030 LHD1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 123658.0684 4849433.637 1842320.969 322.7384067 Los Angele 2030 LHD1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 71625.23272 2982200.36 900955.323 142.1635902 Los Angele 2030 LHD2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 18341.99845 671619.3244 273268.4473 51.41496698 Los Angele 2030 LHD2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 33595.07081 1355333.296 422583.7282 75.8798492 Los Angele 2030 MCY Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 169664.3404 1075424.981 339328.6807 25.72316722 Los Angele 2030 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1028995.775 38839963.62 4784176.417 1842.404262 Los Angele 2030 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 11847.11507 445010.227 55272.36118 17.61539251 Los Angele 2030 MH Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 13832.23131 146499.5702 1383.77642 30.24263244 Los Angele 2030 MH Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6520.37075 68182.01231 652.037075 6.84713812 Los Angele 2030 Motor Coach Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 750.493486 88849.20604 17246.34031 15.04253673 Los Angele 2030 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 3058.660789 106862.5937 61197.68507 20.0931014 Los Angele 2030 PTO Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 0 108947.4302 0 20.49126174 Los Angele 2030 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1574.910091 71322.99518 6299.640364 7.7514588 Los Angele 2030 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1518.038977 31056.79954 21981.20438 4.106857672 Los Angele 2030 T6 CAIRP heavy Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 261.6426231 51100.086 6012.547479 4.715344195 Los Angele 2030 T6 CAIRP small Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 235.6672078 12630.55577 5415.632436 1.302633879 Los Angele 2030 T6 instate heavy Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 11021.49926 496462.4468 136898.8975 53.68137197 Los Angele 2030 T6 instate small Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 47559.41592 1756181.754 605328.6354 193.3981026 Los Angele 2030 T6 OOS heavy Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 143.3269003 36726.39534 3293.652168 3.299268532 Los Angele 2030 T6 OOS small Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 154.2905383 8392.937393 3545.596571 0.82012952 Los Angele 2030 T6 Public Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 3976.690138 161100.956 20400.42041 18.12056365 Los Angele 2030 T6 Utility Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 792.918856 32666.82332 10149.36136 3.429526612 Los Angele 2030 T6TS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 12630.80747 675986.2573 252717.1958 123.4596288 Los Angele 2030 T7 CAIRP Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 7290.184134 1462598.76 167528.4314 213.6679417 Los Angele 2030 T7 NNOOS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6880.619533 1892442.122 158116.6369 259.9830063 Los Angele 2030 T7 NOOS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2983.755422 687165.9738 68566.69959 97.58898142 Los Angele 2030 T7 POAK Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1.052362416 121.8374471 17.21664913 0.021500857 Los Angele 2030 T7 POLA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 9807.116165 1392413.459 160444.4205 227.0222518 Los Angele 2030 T7 Public Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2939.069453 117424.3975 15077.4263 19.82744469 Los Angele 2030 T7 Single Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 10483.62139 509950.9084 98755.71348 81.91445247 Los Angele 2030 T7 SWCV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 624.6481011 40491.07248 2873.381265 15.30636505 Los Angele 2030 T7 Tractor Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 18420.50331 1191370.551 267649.9131 183.647221 Los Angele 2030 T7 Utility Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 462.8482168 19350.33795 5924.457175 3.06237015 Los Angele 2030 T7IS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 20.0382507 2087.699596 400.92532 0.449595947 Los Angele 2030 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 424.0146281 30262.45025 1696.058513 6.491346774 Los Angele 2030 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 0.216177208 22.79632199 0.864708833 0.002875046 TOTAL 265,931,598 9472.09 1682.48 23.8 0.04
Total (Gas) 250,496,331 26.4 0.04
Total (Diesel) 15,435,267 9.2 0.11
Annual VMT
56,121,351
Mix (%) Miles Gallons
Gas 99.0% 55,553,515 2,100,661
Diesel 1.0% 567,780 61,889
544

Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH All Project Land Uses 0.529534 0.067658 0.193471 0.126518 0.02426 0.006985 0.011675 0.007885 0.000939 0.000569 0.026493 0.000724 0.003288 Gas 99.0%
Diesel 1.0%
545

Energy Calculations SummaryConstruction Fuel Usage SummaryDiesel Gasoline Diesel Diesel Construction YearOff-road Equipment (gallons)On-road (gallons)On-road (gallons) Combined202221,39545,200 10,89732,292x 8 years of construction171162.1488 361596.4 87177.83039 258339.9792Total Gasoline 361,596 gallonsTotal Diesel 258,340 gallons546

2022 Construction Offroad EquipmentPhase Name Offroad Equipment TypeAmount Usage HoursHorse Power Load Factor Number of daysAverage Daily FactorDiesel Fuel UsageYear Start Date End Date Network DaysDemolition Concrete/Industrial Saws1 8.00 81 0.73 13 0.6 184 Demolition2022 1/1/2022 1/19/202213Demolition Excavators3 8.00 158 0.38 130.6 562 Site Preparation2022 1/20/2022 1/28/20227Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers2 8.00 247 0.40 13 0.6 617 Grading2022 1/31/2022 2/25/202220Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers3 8.00 247 0.40 7 0.6 498 Building Construction2022 2/28/2022 11/25/2022195Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes4 8.0097 0.3770.6 241 Architectural Coating2022 2/28/2022 12/30/2022220GradingExcavators2 8.00 158 0.38 200.6 576 Paving2022 11/26/2022 12/14/202213GradingGraders1 8.00 187 0.41 200.6 368 GradingRubber Tired Dozers1 8.00 247 0.40 200.6 474 GradingScrapers2 8.00 367 0.48 200.6 1,691 GradingTractors/Loaders/Backhoes2 8.0097 0.37 200.6 345 Building ConstructionCranes1 7.00 231 0.29 1950.6 2,743 Building ConstructionForklifts3 8.0089 0.20 1950.6 2,499 Building ConstructionGenerator Sets1 8.0084 0.74 1950.6 2,909 Building ConstructionTractors/Loaders/Backhoes3 7.0097 0.37 1950.6 4,409 Building ConstructionWelders1 8.0046 0.45 1950.6 969 PavingPavers2 8.00 130 0.42 130.6 341 PavingPaving Equipment2 8.00 132 0.36 130.6 297 PavingRollers2 8.0080 0.38 130.6 190 Architectural CoatingAir Compressors1 6.0078 0.48 2200.6 1,483 TOTAL 21,395547

Trips and VMT2022Phase Name Daily Worker TripDays per YearTotal Worker TripsTotal Vendor TripsTotal Hauling TripsWorker Trip Length (miles)Vendor Trip Length (miles)Haul Trip Length (miles)Total Worker Trip Length (miles)Total Vendor Trip Length (miles)Total Haul Trip Length (miles)Total gallons of gasolineTotal gallons of dieselDemolition 15 13 1953,292 14.70 6.90 20.00 2866.5 0 6584011310,835Site Preparation 187 12614.70 6.90 20.00 1852.2 00730Grading20 20 40014.70 6.90 20.00 5880 002320Building Construction374 195 72930 5514.70 6.90 20.00 1072071 379.5042,30262Paving15 220 330014.70 6.90 20.00 48510 001,9140Architectural Coating75 13 97514.70 6.90 20.00 14332.5 005660TOTAL45,20010,897Notes: Consistent with CalEEMod, worker vehicles assumed to be gasoline and 50% LDA, 25% LDT1, and 25% LDT2. Vendor and haul trips are assumed to be 100% diesel Heavy-Duty Trucks (T7).548

Source: EMFAC2021 (v1.0.1) Emissions InventoryRegion Type: CountyRegion: Los AngelesCalendar Year: 2022Season: AnnualVehicle Classification: EMFAC2011 CategoriesUnits: miles/day for CVMT and EVMT, trips/day for Trips, kWh/day for Energy Consumption, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel ConsumptionRegion CalYr VehClass MdlYr Speed Fuel Population VMT Trips Fuel gas Diesel gasmiles/hr vehicles miles/day trips/day 1,000 gallons/day 1,000 gallons/dayLos Angele2022 LDAAggregate Aggregate Gasoline 3492277.169 138838026.7 16264993.394986.046816 0.0027.85Los Angele2022 LDT1Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 328948.7381 11907335.41 1447067.581510.9358458 0.0023.30Los Angele2022 LDT2Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1526623.58 62593838.94 7170946.4162797.090572 0.0022.38Los Angele2022 T7 TractorAggregate Aggregate Diesel 13053.33208 1077586.705 189664.9152 0.00177.3300745 6.08Notes: Consistent with CalEEMod, worker vehicles assumed to be gasoline and 50% LDA, 25% LDT1, and 25% LDT2. Vendor and haul trips are assumed to be 100% diesel Heavy-Duty Trucks (T7).Miles per gallonGasoline miles per gallonDiesel miles per gallon25.34 6.08549

Appendix D
Noise Data
550

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Construction Source Noise Prediction ModelLocationDistance to Nearest Receptor in feetEquipmentUsage Factor1Dump Truck0.4Nearby Receptors50Flat Bed Truck0.4Excavator0.4Ground TypehardSource Height8Receiver Height5Ground Factor20.00Predicted Noise Level 3Dump Truck80.0Flat Bed Truck80.0Excavator81.0Sources:1 Obtained from the FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model, January 2006. Table 1.2 Based on Table 4-26 from the Federal Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, 2018 (pg 86). 3 Based on the following from the Federal Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, 2018 (pg 176 and 177). Leq(equip) = E.L.+10*log (U.F.) - 20*log (D/50) - 10*G*log (D/50) Where: E.L. = Emission Level;U.F.= Usage Factor;G = Constant that accounts for topography and ground effects (FTA 2018: pg 86); andD = Distance from source to receiver.Combined Predicted Noise Level (Leq dBA)Combined Predicted Noise Level (Leq dBA at 50 feet)Leq dBA at 50 feet38485.2Reference Noise Levels (Lmax) at 50 feet1848585.2552

Construction Source Noise Prediction ModelLocationDistance to Nearest Receptor in feetEquipmentUsage Factor1Dump Truck1Nearby Receptors50Flat Bed Truck1Excavator1Ground TypeHARDSource Height8Receiver Height5Ground Factor20.00Predicted Noise Level 3Dump Truck84.0Flat Bed Truck84.0Excavator85.0Sources:1 Obtained from the FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model, January 2006. Table 1.2 Based on Table 4-26 from the Federal Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, 2018 (pg 86). 3 Based on the following from the Federal Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, 2018 (pg 176 and 177). Leq(equip) = E.L.+10*log (U.F.) - 20*log (D/50) - 10*G*log (D/50) Where: E.L. = Emission Level;U.F.= Usage Factor;G = Constant that accounts for topography and ground effects (FTA 2018: pg 86); andD = Distance from source to receiver.89.184Combined Predicted Noise Level (Lmax dBA)Reference Emission Noise Levels (Lmax) at 50 feet18485Combined Predicted Noise Level (Lmax dBA at 50 feet)89.1Leq dBA at 50 feet3553

Equipment
Description
Acoustical
Usage
Factor (%)
Spec
721.560
Lmax @
50ft (dBA
slow)
Actual
Measured
Lmax @
50ft
(dBA slow)
No. of
Actual Data
Samples
(count)
Spec
721.560
LmaxCalc
Spec
721.560
Leq
Distance
Actual
Measured
LmaxCalc
Actual
Measured
Leq
Auger Drill Rig 20 85 84 36 79.0 72.0 100 78.0 71.0
Backhoe 40 80 78 372 74.0 70.0 100 72.0 68.0
Bar Bender 20 80 na 0 74.0 67.0 100
Blasting na 94 na 0 88.0 100
Boring Jack Power Unit 50 80 83 1 74.0 71.0 100 77.0 74.0 Chain Saw 20 85 84 46 79.0 72.0 100 78.0 71.0
Clam Shovel (dropping) 20 93 87 4 87.0 80.0 100 81.0 74.0 Compactor (ground) 20 80 83 57 74.0 67.0 100 77.0 70.0
Compressor (air) 40 80 78 18 74.0 70.0 100 72.0 68.0
Concrete Batch Plant 15 83 na 0 77.0 68.7 100
Concrete Mixer Truck 40 85 79 40 79.0 75.0 100 73.0 69.0 Concrete Pump Truck 20 82 81 30 76.0 69.0 100 75.0 68.0 Concrete Saw 20 90 90 55 84.0 77.0 100 84.0 77.0
Crane 16 85 81 405 79.0 71.0 100 75.0 67.0
Dozer 40 85 82 55 79.0 75.0 100 76.0 72.0
Drill Rig Truck 20 84 79 22 78.0 71.0 100 73.0 66.0
Drum Mixer 50 80 80 1 74.0 71.0 100 74.0 71.0
Dump Truck 40 84 76 31 78.0 74.0 100 70.0 66.0
Excavator 40 85 81 170 79.0 75.0 100 75.0 71.0
Flat Bed Truck 40 84 74 4 78.0 74.0 100 68.0 64.0
Front End Loader 40 80 79 96 74.0 70.0 100 73.0 69.0
Generator 50 82 81 19 76.0 73.0 100 75.0 72.0
Generator (<25KVA, VMS s 50 70 73 74 64.0 61.0 100 67.0 64.0 Gradall 40 85 83 70 79.0 75.0 100 77.0 73.0
Grader 40 85 na 0 79.0 75.0 100
Grapple (on Backhoe) 40 85 87 1 79.0 75.0 100 81.0 77.0 Horizontal Boring Hydr. Jac 25 80 82 6 74.0 68.0 100 76.0 70.0 Hydra Break Ram 10 90 na 0 84.0 74.0 100
Impact Pile Driver 20 95 101 11 89.0 82.0 100 95.0 88.0 Jackhammer 20 85 89 133 79.0 72.0 100 83.0 76.0
Man Lift 20 85 75 23 79.0 72.0 100 69.0 62.0
Mounted Impact Hammer (20 90 90 212 84.0 77.0 100 84.0 77.0 Pavement Scarafier 20 85 90 2 79.0 72.0 100 84.0 77.0
Paver 50 85 77 9 79.0 76.0 100 71.0 68.0
Pickup Truck 40 55 75 1 49.0 45.0 100 69.0 65.0
Pneumatic Tools 50 85 85 90 79.0 76.0 100 79.0 76.0
Pumps 50 77 81 17 71.0 68.0 100 75.0 72.0
Refrigerator Unit 100 82 73 3 76.0 76.0 100 67.0 67.0
Rivit Buster/chipping gun 20 85 79 19 79.0 72.0 100 73.0 66.0 Rock Drill 20 85 81 3 79.0 72.0 100 75.0 68.0
Roller 20 85 80 16 79.0 72.0 100 74.0 67.0
Sand Blasting (Single Nozzle 20 85 96 9 79.0 72.0 100 90.0 83.0 Scraper 40 85 84 12 79.0 75.0 100 78.0 74.0
Shears (on backhoe) 40 85 96 5 79.0 75.0 100 90.0 86.0
Slurry Plant 100 78 78 1 72.0 72.0 100 72.0 72.0
Slurry Trenching Machine 50 82 80 75 76.0 73.0 100 74.0 71.0 Soil Mix Drill Rig 50 80 na 0 74.0 71.0 100
Tractor 40 84 na 0 78.0 74.0 100
Vacuum Excavator (Vac-tru 40 85 85 149 79.0 75.0 100 79.0 75.0 Vacuum Street Sweeper 10 80 82 19 74.0 64.0 100 76.0 66.0 Ventilation Fan 100 85 79 13 79.0 79.0 100 73.0 73.0
Vibrating Hopper 50 85 87 1 79.0 76.0 100 81.0 78.0
Vibratory Concrete Mixer 20 80 80 1 74.0 67.0 100 74.0 67.0 Vibratory Pile Driver 20 95 101 44 89.0 82.0 100 95.0 88.0 554

Warning Horn 5 85 83 12 79.0 66.0 100 77.0 64.0
Welder / Torch 40 73 74 5 67.0 63.0 100 68.0 64.0
Source:

FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model, January 2006. Table 9.1 U.S. Department of Transportation
CA/T Construction Spec. 721.560
555

KEY:Orange cells are for input.

Grey cells are intermediate calculations performed by the model.

Green cells are data to present in a written analysis (output).

Table A. Propagation of vibration decibels (VdB) with distance Noise Source/ID Attenuated Noise Level at Receptor
vibration level distance vibration level distance
(VdB) @ (ft) (VdB) @ (ft)
NA
The Lv metric (VdB) is used to assess the likelihood for vibration to result in human annoyance.

Table B. Propagation of peak particle velocity (PPV) with distance Noise Source/ID Attenuated Noise Level at Receptor
vibration level distance vibration level distance
(PPV) @ (ft) (PPV) @ (ft)
large bull dozer 0.089 @ 25 0.305 @ 11
The PPV metric (in/sec) is used for assessing the likelihood for the potential of structural damage.

Notes:

Distance Propagation Calculations for
Stationary Sources of Ground Vibration
STEP 1: Determine units in which to perform calculation. — If vibration decibels (VdB), then use Table A and proceed to Steps 2A and 3A. — If peak particle velocity (PPV), then use Table B and proceed to Steps 2B and 3B.

STEP 3A: Select the distance to
the receiver.

STEP 3B: Select the distance to
the receiver.

STEP 2B: Identify the vibration source and enter the reference peak particle velocity (PPV) and distance.

Federal Transit Association (FTA). 2018 (September). Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual.

FTA Report No. 0123. Washington, D.C. Accessed: December 20, 2020. Page Available:
https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibration- impact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf
Reference Noise Level
STEP 2A: Identify the vibration source and enter the reference vibration level (VdB) and distance.

Reference Noise Level
Computation of propagated vibration levels is based on the equations presented on pg. 185 of FTA 2018. Estimates of attenuated vibration levels do not account for reductions from intervening underground barriers or other underground structures of any type, or changes in soil type.
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1 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM
INITIAL STUDY AND MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION 21-01
SCH NO. 2021100340
Proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element, TOD Specific Plan Amendment and Required Zone Changes to Mixed Use Overlay Zone

CITY OF BELLFLOWER
December, 2021

No. Mitigation Measure Implementation
Action
Monitoring
Method
Enforcing
Party
Monitoring
Phase (Time
Frame)
Verification/
Approval
Party
Mitigation
Measure
Implemented?
(Y/N) & Date
Documentation
Location
(Monitoring
Record/File)

CULTURAL RESOURCES
MM-CUL-1 In the event that historic resources
are identified during the individual
residential project entitlement
process, a historical resource
assessment must be completed so
that the resource can be evaluated.

The project applicant must retain a
qualified (pursuant to City
requirements) architectural historian
to determine whether or not the
resource is significant. If the
resource is determined to be
potentially significant, the
architectural historian, in
consultation with the City, will
develop a mitigation plan.

Construction activities must be
redirected to other work areas until
the mitigation plan has been
implemented or the qualified
architectural historian determines
that work can resume in the vicinity
of the find.
b) The Proposed HOAs are
mostly developed with commercial
or office/industrial uses, though
Future developers
report potential
impacts to
archaeological
resources to City
Planning, as
required.

Archaeologist and
Native American
Monitor retained
by future
developers to
evaluate any
unearthed
resources and
develop a
treatment plan, as
required.

Archaeologist
documents
resources and
submits report
to City
Planning.

City
Planning.

During any
ground
disturbing
activities.

City
Planning.

578

2 No. Mitigation Measure Implementation
Action
Monitoring
Method
Enforcing
Party
Monitoring
Phase (Time
Frame)
Verification/
Approval
Party
Mitigation
Measure
Implemented?
(Y/N) & Date
Documentation
Location
(Monitoring
Record/File)
there are some vacant areas. The
potential for archaeological
materials to be present within the
Proposed HOAs is considered low
because the areas have been
previously disturbed. However,
although unlikely, there is the
potential for previously unknown
subsurface artifacts to be
encountered during ground-
disturbance activities. Therefore,
impacts to archaeological resources
would be potentially significant, and
implementation of mitigation
measure MM-CUL-2 would be
required. Implementation of this
mitigation measure would reduce
this impact to a less-than-significant
level.

MM-CUL-2 Should archaeological resources be
discovered during ground-disturbing
activities, the project contractor
must halt or redirect ground-
disturbing activities away from the
vicinity of the find so that the find
can be evaluated. The project
applicant must retain a qualified
(pursuant to City requirements)
archaeologist and Native American
monitor to determine whether or not
the find is significant. If the find is
determined to be potentially
significant, the archaeologist, in
consultation with the City and
appropriate Native American
monitor(s) and group(s) (if the find is
a prehistoric or Native American
Future developers
report potential
impacts to
archaeological
resources to City
Planning, as
required.

Archaeologist and
Native American
Monitor retained
by future
developers to
evaluate any
unearthed
resources and
develop a
treatment plan, as
required.

Archaeologist
documents
resources and
submits report
to City
Planning
City
Planning.

During any
ground
disturbing
activities.

City
Planning.

579

3 No. Mitigation Measure Implementation
Action
Monitoring
Method
Enforcing
Party
Monitoring
Phase (Time
Frame)
Verification/
Approval
Party
Mitigation
Measure
Implemented?
(Y/N) & Date
Documentation
Location
(Monitoring
Record/File)
resource), will l develop a treatment
plan. Construction activities must be
redirected to other work areas until
the treatment plan has been
implemented or the qualified
archaeologist determines that work
can resume in the vicinity of the find.

580

STATE OF CALIFORNIA - BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

DIVISION OF HOUSING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2020 W. El Camino Avenue, Suite 500
Sacramento, CA 95833
(916) 263-2911 / FAX (916) 263-7453
www.hcd.ca.gov

December 17, 2021

Elizabeth Corpuz, Director
Planning and Building Services
City of Bellflower
16600 Civic Center Drive
Bellflower, CA 90706

Dear Elizabeth Corpuz:

RE: City of Bellflower’s 6th Cycle (2021-2029) Revised Draft Housing Element

Thank you for submitting the City of Bellflower’s revised draft housing element received for review on October 18, 2021. Pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (b), the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is reporting the results of its review. Our review was facilitated by a conversation on December 15, 2021 with you; Rowena Genilo-Concepcion, Planning Manager; and consultant, Sarah Walker.

The revised draft element addresses many statutory requirements; however, revisions will be necessary to comply with State Housing Element Law (Article 10.6 of the Gov.

Code). The enclosed Appendix describes revisions needed to comply with State Housing Element Law.

As a reminder, the City’s 6th cycle housing element was due October 15, 2021. As of today, the City has not completed the housing element process for the 6th cycle. The City’s 5th cycle housing element no longer satisfies statutory requirements. HCD encourages the City to revise the element as described above, adopt, and submit to HCD to regain housing element compliance.

For your information, pursuant to Assembly Bill 1398 (Chapter 358, Statutes of 2021), if a local government fails to adopt a compliant housing element within 120 days of this statutory deadline, then any rezoning to accommodate the regional housing needs allocation (RHNA), including for lower-income households, shall be completed no later than one year from the statutory deadline. Otherwise, the local government’s housing element will no longer comply with State Housing Element Law, and HCD may revoke its finding of substantial compliance pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (i).

581

Several federal, state, and regional funding programs consider housing element compliance as an eligibility or ranking criteria. For example, the CalTrans Senate Bill (SB) 1 Sustainable Communities grant; the Strategic Growth Council and HCD’s Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities programs; and HCD’s Permanent Local Housing Allocation consider housing element compliance and/or annual reporting requirements pursuant to Government Code section 65400. With a compliant housing element, the City will meet housing element requirements for these and other funding sources.

For your information, some general plan element updates are triggered by housing element adoption. HCD reminds the City to consider timing provisions and welcomes the opportunity to provide assistance. For information, please see the Technical Advisories issued by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research at:
http://opr.ca.gov/docs/OPR_Appendix_C_final.pdf and
http://opr.ca.gov/docs/Final_6.26.15.pdf .

HCD appreciates the dedication of the housing element team during the course of our review. We are committed to assisting the City in addressing all statutory requirements of State Housing Element Law. If you have any questions or need additional technical assistance, please contact Dulce Ochoa, of our staff, at [email protected].

Sincerely,

Paul McDougall
Senior Program Manager

Enclosure
582

APPENDIX

CITY OF BELLFLOWER

The following changes are necessary to bring the City’s housing element into compliance with Article 10.6 of the Government Code. Accompanying each recommended change, we cite the supporting section of the Government Code.

Housing element technical assistance information is available on HCD’s website at http://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/housing-element/housing-element-memos.shtml .

Among other resources, the housing element section contains HCD’s latest technical assistance tool, Building Blocks for Effective Housing Elements (Building Blocks), available at http://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/building-blocks/index.shtml and includes the Government Code addressing State Housing Element Law and other resources.

A. Housing Needs, Resources, and Constraints

1. Affirmatively further[ing] fair housing in accordance with Chapter 15 (commencing with Section 8899.50) of Division 1 of Title 2…shall include an assessment of fair housing in the jurisdiction. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(10)(A).)

Identified Sites and Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH): The element includes discussion of the proportion of sites according to the components of the assessment of fair housing (e.g., segregation and integration and disparities in access to opportunity).

However, the element should also discuss the number of units by income group and the magnitude of the impact to better formulate policies and programs. For example, the element lists four areas (i.e., 5, 6, 7 and 11) in close proximity to each other and should discuss the number of units by income and how that impacts the existing pattern in the neighborhoods. Based on the outcomes of this analysis, the element should add or modify programs, including metrics and milestones to target inclusive communities and equitable quality of life.

Goals and Actions: While the element was revised to include metrics for programs 8 (Leverage Funding for Affordable Housing), 9 (Accessory Dwelling Units), and 20 (Fair Housing), it must provide metrics and milestones for additional programs based on the outcomes of the fair housing analysis. In addition, many programs should be revised with objectives to AFFH and foster more inclusive communities by targeting neighborhoods or areas. For example, similar to Program 24, some programs could be targeted to some neighborhoods or other programs (e.g., Programs 9 and 11) could be targeted throughout the City. Finally, the element should consider strengthening actions, metrics, and milestones to encourage place-based strategies for community revitalization and displacement protection.

2. An inventory of land suitable and available for residential development, including vacant sites and sites having realistic and demonstrated potential for redevelopment during the planning period to meet the locality’s housing need for a designated income level, and an analysis of the relationship of zoning and public facilities and services to these sites. (Gov.

Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(3).)
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Small Sites: While the element was revised to include Table 6-4 on lot consolidations, the element must describe the trends in terms of acreage and affordability and relate that analysis to the sites inventory. The element should include lot sizes before and after consolidation as the TCAC and Downey examples are both 0.5 acres and would meet state requirements. Given the strong reliance on utilizing small sites for the lower- income RHNA including program requirements pursuant to Government Code section 65583.2, subdivisions (h) and (i), the element must demonstrate the potential for sites to consolidate. In addition, Program 29 must monitor development on small sites more frequently and commit to alternative actions by a date certain (e.g., within 6 months).

City-Owned Sites: The element indicates that within Opportunity Areas 4 through 8, the City owned sites “generally are developed with surface parking and ripe for redevelopment” (p. 180). However, eight of the City-Owned sites are listed as having other uses (i.e., school, utility commercial, supermarket, commercial, office building, and bank). As noted in the prior review, the element must still address existing uses and any known conditions that preclude development in the planning period and the potential schedule for development. The element should revise Program 31 (Surplus Properties) based on this analysis. For example, Program 31 may necessitate commitment to facilitate consolidation with other non-city owned sites.

Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs): Wile the element adjusted the ADU numbers for past years, the City is still projecting 50 ADUs per year for a total of 400 during the planning period. Based on past production between 2019 to 2020 as well as 2021 assumptions, the City is averaging 40 units per year. The element should either rescale these assumptions or include additional analysis that includes information such as how community needs, and demand are likely to increase production and include programs that aggressively promote and incentivize ADU construction.

Suitability of Nonvacant Sites: The element generally was not revised to address this requirement and must still demonstrate the suitability of nonvacant sites, including sites with mobilehome parks as noted in HCD’s prior review. For example, the element describes nonvacant sites were identified based on factors, but it must still include analysis of trends and experience with higher density redevelopment to support these assumptions or utilize a different methodology.

For your information, as noted in the prior review, the housing element must demonstrate existing uses are not an impediment to additional residential development and will likely discontinue in the planning period. (Gov. Code, § 65583.2, subd.(g)(2).) Absent findings (e.g., adoption resolution) based on substantial evidence, the existing uses will be presumed to impede additional residential development and will not be utilized toward demonstrating adequate sites to accommodate the regional housing need allocation.

3. An analysis of potential and actual nongovernmental constraints upon the maintenance, improvement, or development of housing for all income levels, including… …the length of time between receiving approval for a housing development and submittal of an application for building permits for that housing development that 584

hinder the construction of a locality’s share of the regional housing need in accordance with Government Code section 65584... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(6).)

Permit Times: As noted in the prior review, the element must analyze the length of time between receiving approval for a housing development and submittal of an application for building permits. The analysis should address any potential hinderances on the construction of a locality’s share of the regional housing need.

B. Housing Programs

1. Identify actions that will be taken to make sites available during the planning period with appropriate zoning and development standards and with services and facilities to accommodate that portion of the city’s or county’s share of the regional housing need for each income level that could not be accommodated on sites identified in the inventory… …without rezoning, and to comply with the requirements of Government Code section 65584.09... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(1).)

As noted in Finding A2, the element does not include a complete site analysis, therefore, the adequacy of sites and zoning were not established. Based on the results of a complete sites inventory and analysis, the City may need to add or revise programs to address a shortfall of sites or zoning available to encourage a variety of housing types.

2. Address and, where appropriate and legally possible, remove governmental and nongovernmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing, including housing for all income levels and housing for persons with disabilities. The program shall remove constraints to, and provide reasonable accommodations for housing designed for, intended for occupancy by, or with supportive services for, persons with disabilities. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(3).)

As noted in Finding A3, the element requires a complete analysis of potential governmental and non-governmental constraints. Depending upon the results of that analysis, the City may need to revise or add programs and address and remove or mitigate any identified constraints. In addition, the element should be revised as follows:

Program 13 (Remove Development Constraints): While Program 13 was updated to address parking requirements in the A-E and R-1 zones, the Program must specifically commit to reduce parking requirements and ensure parking requirements do not constrain development.

In addition, the element was updated to include the number of acres available for the R-3 and C-G zones. However, limiting residential care facilities for seven or more persons the C-G and R-3 zones can limit capacity and acts as a barrier excluding homes for persons with disabilities from other residential zones. The Program should include specific commitment to amend zoning and permit these uses in all other residential zones.
585

3. Promote and affirmatively further fair housing opportunities and promote housing throughout the community or communities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, color, familial status, or disability, and other characteristics... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(5).)

As noted in Finding A1, the element must include a complete assessment of fair housing. Based on the outcomes of that analysis, the element must add or modify programs. Goals and actions must specifically respond to the analysis and prioritize contributing factors to fair housing issues. Actions must have metrics and milestones as appropriate and should enhance housing mobility strategies; encourage development of new affordable housing in high resource areas; improve place-based strategies to encourage community conservation and revitalization, including preservation of existing affordable housing; and protect existing residents from displacement.

4. Develop a plan that incentivizes and promotes the creation of accessory dwelling units that can be offered at affordable rent, as defined in Section 50053 of the Health and Safety Code, for very low, low-, or moderate-income households... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(7).)

Program 9 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs): Program was revised to annually review the ADU ordinance and remove potential constraints. However, the ordinance, as noted in the prior review, is inconsistent with state law and the Program should include specific commitment to update the ordinance by a specified date early in the planning period (e.g., within one year). In addition, while the Program monitors affordability of ADUs, it should include specific commitment to frequently monitor (e.g., every other year) ADU production and affordability as assumed in the element and complete any necessary alternative actions (e.g., rezone) within a specified time, if ADU are not permitted as assumed in the element.

C. Public Participation

Local governments shall make a diligent effort to achieve public participation of all economic segments of the community in the development of the Housing Element, and the element shall describe this effort. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(8).)

The availability of the element to the public and opportunity for public comment prior to submittal to HCD is essential to the public process and HCD’s review. The City must proactively make future revisions available to the public, including any commenters, prior to submitting any revisions to HCD and diligently consider and address comments, including revising the document where appropriate. The City’s consideration of public comments must not be limited by HCD’s findings in this review letter.

586

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TO: Honorable Chairman and Members of the Planning Commission ATTENTION: Elizabeth Corpuz, Director of Planning and Building Services FROM: Rowena Genilo-Concepcion, Planning Manager
SUBJECT: Consideration and possible action to conduct a Public Hearing to consider a General Plan Amendment and a Mitigated Negative Declaration for the 6th Cycle Housing Element, and adopt Resolution No. PC 21-10 — A Resolution recommending that the City Council approve General Plan Amendment Case No. GPA 21-01 and
Mitigated Negative Declaration No. MND 21-01 associated with the Housing Element Update (2021-2029) of the General Plan; Applicant: City of Bellflower
DATE: December 6, 2021

RECOMMENDATION

1. Open the public hearing, take testimonial and documentary evidence and, after considering the evidence, adopt Resolution No. PC 21-10; or

2. Alternatively, discuss and take other action related to this item.

PUBLIC NOTICE
A Notice of Public Hearing was published in the Herald American (Bellflower Edition) newspaper on November 25, 2021. Public hearing notices were sent on November 22, 2021 to 78 stakeholders and were posted at City Hall, Bellflower Substation, Thompson Park, Simms Park, Caruthers Park, Brakensiek Library, and the City's website on November 19, 2021.

CEQA STATUS
An Initial Study was prepared in accordance with California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines § 15063 which showed that, if mitigated, the Project would not cause any significant environmental impacts. Accordingly, pursuant to CEQA § 21091, the City prepared a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) of Environmental Impacts for the Project. A Notice of Intent to Adopt the MND was published in the Herald American Bellflower on October 21, 2021, and mailed to other appropriate public agencies. The 30- day public review period for the MND began on October 21, 2021 and closed on November 22, 2021.

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Bellflower City CouncilJanuary 20, 2022

Bellflower City Council
January 20, 2022