13-A
TO:Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
ATTENTION:Ryan Smoot, City Manager
FROM:Len Gorecki, Assistant City Manager/Director of Public Works SUBJECT:Consideration and possible action to consider a Right-of-Way Use Agreement with the Gateway Cities Council of Government (“GCCOG”) for the installation, maintenance, and operation of the Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network with the City of Bellflower.
DATE:June 23, 2025
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This action would authorize the City Manager to execute a Right-of-Way use agreement with the Gateway Cities Council of Governments (“GCCOG”) for the installation, maintenance and operation of the Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network.
RECOMMENDATION TO CITY COUNCIL
1) Authorize the City Manager, or designee, to execute the Right-of-Way Use Agreement between the City and the Gateway Cities Council of Governments in a form approved by the City Attorney;
2) Authorize the City Manager, or designee, to administer the Agreement. The City Engineer is authorized to approve finalized plans in accordance with Bellflower Municipal Code (“BMC”) § 3.30.050; or
3) Alternatively, discuss and take other action related to this item.
FISCAL IMPACT
The fiscal impact is uncertain. The Public Works Director anticipates the City will incur costs resulting from reviewing construction drawings and traffic control plans; and conducting field inspection services during construction. Additionally, under the agreement, if any future project requires relocation of the network infrastructure within the public right-of-way, the City is responsible for the costs of that relocation.
DISCUSSION
The Gateway Cities Council of Governments (“GCCOG”) is a joint powers authority comprised of 27 cities (including Bellflower) and the County of Los Angeles. The GCCOG was established to allow its member cities and the County to engage in regional planning and coordination of government services. -1-
1: BELLF
X14 0 Low/8Q
0 €~ ROWING T061379?”
«In stafteport
Staff Report – Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network June 23, 2025
DISCUSSION – Continued
Among other things, it seeks to coordinate economic development among its members.
GCCOG also serves as a regional body for the review of federal, state, and regional projects and the allocation of related funds.
The GCCOG obtained a $46.1 million grant from the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) and entered into a Joint Build Agreement with the California Department of Technology (“CDT”) to design and construct the Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network (the “Fiber Network”) for a total of $103 million, for the purpose of furthering digital equity and expanding connectivity, competition, affordability, and access in the Gateway region.
While private companies have traditionally constructed and managed the infrastructure required to provide Internet access to communities, these investments have left many areas lacking in necessary infrastructure to support high-speed internet access. As a means to both attract new businesses to their communities and to provide better access to their residents, in recent years many local governments have actively pursued methods to fill these gaps and provide consistent and access to high-speed network infrastructure across their communities.
The City Council has recognized the gaps in access within Bellflower and proactively worked to fill them. The City Council previously approved a Wireless Network Implementation Plan to develop and carry out a citywide wireless network program with an initial focus on connecting the City’s downtown and public facilities and eventually expanding to a citywide wireless network. That Plan culminated in a Master Right of Way Agreement with ICC Networking (ICCN) to implement the citywide wireless broadband network and that project is still under way. GCCOG believes that the Fiber Network will supplement the City’s existing Wireless Network which is initially being designed to deliver high-speed broadband to the city halls of participating cities. It will also allow access for residents and businesses in the City as the system is built out.
Across the GCCOG area, the Fiber Network is being designed to establish 885,444 feet of new fiber optic backbone cable and interconnect with sections of the Statewide Middle Mile Backbone Network (“MMBN”). Additionally, the Network is being designed to deliver quality scalable broadband to 4,254 unserved locations as determined by CPUC standards. The current design includes 489,046 linear feet of underground fiber and 184,402 linear feet of aerial fiber, 37,250 linear feet of which is within Bellflower.
The underground routes for the fiber will be placed within existing rights-of-way while all aerial routes will be attached to pre-existing poles utility poles to ensure redundancy and future capacity.
To help implement the Fiber Network in Bellflower, GCCOG proposes that the City execute the attached Right-of-Way Use Agreement (“Agreement”). The Agreement causes the City to allow access to its right-of-ways to install fiber optic cabling and gives the City the right to use two strands of dark fiber for municipal purposes (the “City Strands”). The GCCOG will maintain the City Strands for the useful life of the asset.
-2-
Staff Report – Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network June 23, 2025
DISCUSSION – Continued
However, the City will be responsible for any required electronics, connections, improvements and equipment required to utilize the City Strands. The City will not have the right to transfer or assign the use of the City Strands Exhibit A to the Agreement shows the proposed Fiber Network design within the City’s boundary and Exhibit B shows the proposed regional Fiber Network design. The routing and design of the project was determined by the GCCOG in coordinating with its engineers and the CDT as part of the grant application process. The Fiber Network design as depicted in Exhibits A and B of the Agreement may require amendments due to unforeseen factors before and even during construction, which is common for a project of this magnitude. The GCCOG will work with the City Manager, or designee, throughout the construction of the Fiber Network within the City’s boundaries and will provide the City as-built maps within 60 days of completion of construction and final inspections.
The City Attorney reviewed the Agreement and advised that it presents several challenges. Specifically, the City Attorney is concerned about the following clauses:
term of the agreement; access to the City’s right-of-way; indemnity; and attorney’s fee.
As to the term, the draft agreement asserts that the term is “perpetual.” Various provisions of California law (e.g., Civil Code section 718) preclude “perpetual” agreements. This issue was raised with the GCCOG.
The City Attorney also suggested amendments to GCCOG’s proposed Agreement regarding access to the City’s right-of-ways to make it substantially similar to other City agreements (e.g., Master Right of Way Agreement with ICCN in 2021 and AFN 1040 with Tradewinds Networks, Inc. for wireless broadband services;see, Item No. 14(E) from May 13, 2024). In a similar manner, the City Attorney also suggested amendments to the indemnity (which requires mutual indemnification) and attorney’s fees (it is not within the City’s usual practices to agree to such clauses) provisions of the proposed agreement.
The GCCOG has expressed an unwillingness to make changes to its master agreement being used across all participating cities. Gateway COG’s position is that it does not wish to negotiate with the City on this issue as that would necessitate it negotiating with all participating GCCOG members. Overall, GCCOG asserts that it should be treated like a utility company (e.g., Southern California Edison or the Gas Company) for the Fiber Network. Fiber optics service, however, is not considered a utility (see, e.g., Public Utilities Code § 767.7) and the GCCOG is not regulated by the CPUC. Consequently, none of the statutory and regulatory protections that apply to true utility companies would govern GCCOG’s actions within the City’s right-of-way. Given these challenges, the City Attorney recommends that the City Council consider the cost/benefit of moving forward with the GCCOG’s agreement.
-3-
Staff Report – Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network June 23, 2025
CEQA ANALYSIS
GCCOG informed the City that the Fiber Network is exempt from additional environmental review under the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code §§ 21000,et seq., “CEQA”) or the regulations promulgated thereunder (14 California Code of Regulations §§ 15000,et seq., the “CEQA Guidelines”).
Public Resources Code § 21080.51 (attached). Construction of the project will occur within existing trenches and/or previously disturbed areas and require minor trenching and backfilling. Installation will take place within city rights-of-way which are currently occupied with existing utilities, including fiber network lines with no expected expansion of physical footprint. The Fiber Network consists of underground and aerial fiber infrastructure and any small structures will be buried underground. Any above-ground fibers will be placed on existing utility poles. The City has not independently examined GCCOG’s determination.
ATTACHMENTS
Right-of-Way Use Agreement ......................................................................................... 5 Public Resources § 21080.51 ....................................................................................... 14 -4-
1 RIGHT-OF-WAY USE AGREEMENT
BETWEEN THE CITY OF BELLFLOWER
AND THE GATEWAY CITIES COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
FOR THE GATEWAY CITIES REGIONAL FIBER OPTIC NETWORK
This Right-of-Way Use Agreement (“Agreement”) is made by and between the City of Bellflower (“City”) and the Gateway Cities Council of Governments (“GCCOG”).
City and GCCOG are each a “Party” and collectively known as the “Parties.”
RECITALS
A.GCCOG has entered into a Joint Build Agreement with the California Department of Technology (“CDT”) and has been awarded a grant by the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”) to design and construct the Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network (“GCRFON”), for the purpose of furthering digital equity and expanding connectivity, competition, affordability, and access for its participating member cities.
B.City desires to participate in the GCRFON project and grant GCCOG the right to use certain portions of its public rights-of-way (“ROW”) for the purpose of installing, maintaining, and operating the GCRFON, as more fully set forth herein.
C.The City Council determines that participating in the GCRFON project serves the public interest, is beneficial for the broadband connectivity of City facilities, and creates an opportunity for greater broadband connectivity for its residents and businesses.
NOW, THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual promises and agreements hereinafter contained, the Parties agree as follows:
1. GCCOG AUTHORIZATION TO ENCROACH UPON CITY PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY A. Authorization. City hereby grants GCCOG a license to encroach under, on, and along its ROW for the purpose of the installation, maintenance, and operation of the GCRFON upon various portions of City ROW, as more specifically depicted in Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein, as may be modified or changed in the final design. GCCOG shall not be required to pay any fees or to obtain any other license or permit from City for the purpose of installing, maintaining, and/or operating the GCRFON.
B. Term. This license is granted in perpetuity.
C. City’s Use of the GCRFON. City shall have the right to utilize two (2) strands of dark fiber, for non-commercial purposes, along the path preliminarily identified in Exhibit B attached hereto and incorporated herein, as may be modified or changed in the final design (“City Strands”). No rent or license fee shall be payable to GCCOG from City for City’s use of the City Strands. GCCOG, at no cost to City, shall maintain the City Strands for the useful life of the asset, and City shall provide at City’s cost, all electronics, connections, and other improvements and equipment needed to utilize the City Strands.
City shall not have the right to transfer or assign the use of the City Strands. -5-
2 2. GCCOG’S RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Construction. GCCOG shall communicate and coordinate with City staff regarding the design and construction of the GCRFON. GCCOG shall provide to City staff completed engineering plans, traffic control plans, dates and schedules for construction activities, and other construction details as may arise. GCCOG shall provide City with as- built maps within sixty (60) days of completion of construction and final inspections.
B. Damage to Property. GCCOG shall assume all responsibility for all damage to property (including the GCRFON) that may arise from or be caused by GCCOG’s performance under this Agreement or by the performance of any other party which GCCOG directly or indirectly employs to perform under this Agreement. Any damage to any property or public right-of-way resulting from the installation, maintenance, and operation of the GCRFON by GCCOG shall be caused to be repaired by GCCOG at no expense to City and to the reasonable satisfaction of City.
C. Relocation. GCCOG shall remove or relocate, at City’s cost and/or expense, the GCRFON, or any part of it, if and when made necessary by either the installation, abandonment, change of grade, alignment or width of any street, sidewalk or other public facility or the construction, maintenance or operation of any City or other public agency underground or aboveground facilities (including, by way of example and not limitation, any sewer, storm drain, conduits, gas, water, electric or other utility systems or pipes), provided that City or other public agency is acting in its governmental capacity.
In the event all or any portion of any ROW occupied by GCRFON is needed by City or other public agency for a governmental purpose or in the event the existence of GCRFON or any part of it shall be considered detrimental to the public health, safety, welfare, or convenience or to governmental activities including, but not limited to, interference with City or other public agency construction projects, or is in conflict vertically and/or horizontally with any proposed City or other public agency installation, GCCOG shall remove and relocate GCCOG Fiber Network or the involved part of it, at City’s or other public agency’s cost and/or expense, to such other location or locations in the public rights-of-way as may be designated by City or other public agency. City or other public agency must provide written notice to GCCOG at least one hundred eighty (180) days in advance of the need for such removal or relocation.
D. Dig Alerts. GCCOG shall become a member of the Underground Service Alert of Southern California (“DigAlert”) and agrees to maintain and keep current its membership in DigAlert throughout the term of this Agreement, and to comply with applicable noticing and other requirements.
3. CITY RESPONSIBILITIES
To facilitate GCCOG’s buildout of the GCRFON with minimal disruption to the general public, City agrees, to the best of its ability during the construction period, to cooperate with GCCOG to coordinate the design and construction of the GCRFON, including, but not limited to, traffic management and notices to residents and businesses. City shall designate a point-of-contact for communications with GCCOG for GCRFON-related activities. The City Manager or designee shall have the authority to issue any needed approvals on behalf of City regarding the GCRFON.
-6-
3 4. OTHER TERMS
A. Responsibility for Costs. Except as specified otherwise herein, each Party will be responsible for and bear its own costs and expenses incurred at any time in connection with the performance of its responsibilities under this Agreement.
B. Dispute Resolution.
i. If a dispute arises between the parties relating to this Agreement, the Parties agree to use the following procedure prior to resorting to judicial relief by a court of competent jurisdiction: A meeting shall be held promptly between the Parties, attended by individuals with decision-making authority regarding the dispute, to attempt in good faith to negotiate a resolution of the dispute. If, within thirty (30) days after such meeting, the Parties have not succeeded in negotiating a resolution of the dispute, they agree to submit the dispute to mediation in accordance with and pursuant to the rules of Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services (“JAMS”), as amended or as augmented in this Agreement. Each Party shall pay their own costs of mediation. The Parties shall jointly appoint a mutually acceptable mediator, seeking assistance in such regard from the JAMS if they have been unable to agree upon such appointment within twenty (20) days from the conclusion of the negotiation period. The Parties agree to participate in good faith in the mediation and negotiations related thereto for a period of thirty (30) days. ii. If the Parties are not successful in resolving the dispute through mediation as described above, the Parties may pursue any remedy at law or in equity by a court of competent jurisdiction.
iii. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, either Party shall be entitled to seek declaratory and injunctive relief in any court of competent jurisdiction to enforce the terms of this Agreement or to enjoin the other Party from an asserted breach thereof on a showing that the moving Party would otherwise suffer irreparable harm.
C. Indemnity and Defense.
i. GCCOG shall defend, indemnify, and hold City, its elected officials, officers, agents, employees, and volunteers, harmless from and against any and all liability, loss, expense, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, or claims for injury or damages arising out of the performance of this Agreement, but only in proportion to and to the extent such liability, loss, expense, attorneys’ fees, or claims for injury or damages are caused by or result from the negligent or intentional acts or omissions of GCCOG, its officers, agents, or employees.
ii. City shall defend, indemnify and hold GCCOG, its officers, employees, and agents harmless from and against any and all liability, loss, expense, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, or claims for injury or damages arising out of the performance of this Agreement, but only in proportion to and to the extent such liability, loss, expense, attorneys’ fees, or claims for injury or damages are caused by or result from the negligent or intentional acts or omissions of City, its officers, agents, employees. -7-
4 D. Notices.All notices required or provided for under this Agreement shall be in writing, delivered in person or by certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the parties as indicated, below. Any notice so delivered shall be effective on the date of its delivery. Any party may change its address for notice by giving ten (10) days’ notice of such change in the manner provided for in this paragraph. Notices may be served as follows:
To City:City of Bellflower
16600 Civic Center Drive
Bellflower, CA 90706
Attention: City Manager
To GCCOG:Gateway Cities Council of Governments
16401 Paramount Blvd
Paramount, CA 90723
Attention: Executive Director
E.Applicable Law and Venue. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. Any dispute or controversy arising under or related in any way to this Agreement shall be adjudicated by a state court of competent jurisdiction located in Los Angeles County, California.
F.Prevailing Party. If any legal action is necessary to enforce any provision hereof or for damages by reason of an alleged breach of any provisions of this Agreement, the prevailing Party shall be entitled to receive from the losing party reasonable costs and expenses in such amount as the court or arbitrator may adjudge to be reasonable attorney's fees and costs incurred by the prevailing Party in such action or proceeding.
G. Assignment. GCCOG may sell, assign, transfer or lease any interest in those portions of the GCCOG Fiber Network within the City or assign or transfer any of its rights or obligations in this Agreement with prior written notice to City.
H. No Waiver.A waiver by either Party of any breach of any term, covenant or condition contained in this Agreement shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same or any other term, covenant or condition contained in this agreement, whether of the same or different character.
I.Severability. If any part of this Agreement is held invalid, the remaining terms and conditions shall not be affected unless their enforcement under the circumstances would be unreasonable, inequitable, or otherwise frustrate the purposes of this Agreement.
J.Independent Contractor. The Parties are independent entities and are not to be, and shall not be, construed as joint venturers, partners, employer/employee, or agents one of the other, and neither shall have the power to bind or obligate the other except as set forth in this Agreement.
-8-
5 K. Construction.The Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises with respect to this Agreement, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the Parties and in accordance with its fair meaning. There shall be no presumption or burden of proof favoring or disfavoring any Party by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement.
L.Captions.The captions herein are for convenience and references only and are not a part of this Agreement and do not in any way limit, define or amplify the terms and provisions hereof.
M. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including Exhibits A and B attached hereto, constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties and supersedes any previous oral or written agreements with respect to the subject of this Agreement. No amendment or modification to the Agreement shall be valid and binding unless in writing and signed by authorized representatives of the Parties.
N. Authority to Execute this Agreement.Each person executing this Agreement on behalf of a Party warrants and represents that they have the authority to execute this Agreement on behalf of that Party and the authority to bind that Party to the provisions of this Agreement.
O. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the authorized representatives of the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date of the last signature below. [SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
-9-
6 CITY OF BELLFLOWER
By:___________________________
Ray Dunton, Mayor
Date: ___________________________
GATEWAY CITIES COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
By:___________________________
Hector De La Torre,
Executive Director
Date: ___________________________
ATTACHMENTS
Exhibit A – City Route Design
Exhibit B – Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network Design -10-
EXHIBIT A
City Route Design
Route Description Based on Current Design
Underground in Bellflower starts on the West side of Clark Street and runs .39 miles North. It then splits 1 mile West along Artesia Boulevard, until exiting City boundaries and .52 miles East crossing Bellflower Boulevard. Underground cuts .02 miles North under Artesia Boulevard, then directly West .01 miles. It continues .04 miles North along Bellflower Boulevard, before cutting 8.5 feet East, 3 feet North, and 20 feet West back to the road. Underground continues .55 miles North, then .17 miles East following Belmont Street, which turns into Civic Center Drive and runs underground .07 miles South. Once reaching Flower Street, underground runs .07 miles East then .04 miles South before diagonally running .03 miles, crossing Bixby Avenue, touching the sidewalk, and continuing diagonally across Maple Street. Underground continues .14 miles East, to Woodruff Avenue, then .05 miles North, reaching the Flower Street and Woodruff Avenue intersection. The underground route goes .22 miles Southeast, along Bellflower Bike Trail before cutting East .08 miles along Flora Vista Street, crossing Grand Avenue. -11-
City of Bellflower
Gateway Ciflas Flue! Network Route
n , J. . ~ “H
‘
i .
-> Lagond
I m
.2» easwcwu
I tnmnymumdma
.2. NawAeridFibar
.3. Newuflerg'omdfiber
EXHIBIT A – Continued
Following Grand Avenue, underground runs about .50 miles North, then .28 miles East before reaching exiting City boundaries.
At the Grand Avenue and Trabuco Street intersection, aerial picks up and runs .25 miles East reaching Woodruff Avenue then .09 miles North. It then converts back to underground, crossing West .01 miles, underneath Woodruff Avenue. Staying alongside Woodruff Avenue, underground runs North for .08 miles before changing back to aerial and continuing North .35 miles. Aerial runs.05 miles East, crossing over Woodruff Pl, residential properties, and Woodruff Avenue. It continues along the East side of Woodruff Avenue, running .06 miles North before crossing back .02 miles over Woodruff Avenue.
For .04 miles, aerial runs North before changing to underground and continuing .07 miles North, then .01 miles East back across Woodruff Avenue. Beginning on the East side of Woodruff Avenue, aerial runs .32 miles North until reaching Rosecrans Avenue. Once at the Woodruff Avenue and Rosecrans Avenue intersection, aerial runs East for .09 miles before ending.
Back at the Woodruff Avenue and Alondra Boulevard intersection, underground runs West .75 miles before ending.
-12-
EXHIBIT B
Gateway Cities Regional Fiber Optic Network Design
-13-
/.'
1" ii.
_ Commerce \_
‘ ‘ gen ,7 _‘
, Haywood . r-K
ahy‘ 891l ’
/ Gmdens ,
. f
South Cam
I “‘8 Downey
.4 2 Lynwood ' k
\ L' i, an“; /. l‘
" Bollfiowov
’- Pavamoum 1
I‘./ L4-
' 'S-gnal Hull '
“1
V‘
Sa_nla Fe
Springs
I. .l}‘
d,
n
.-
- xiii;
La Murada '7" I ‘ L .
'I,‘
§ 21080.51. Linear broadband deployment in right-of-way;..., CA PUB RES §... © 2025 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.1 West's Annotated California Codes
Public Resources Code (Refs & Annos)
Division 13. Environmental Quality (Refs & Annos)
Chapter 2.6. General (Refs & Annos)
West's Ann.Cal.Pub.Res.Code § 21080.51
§ 21080.51. Linear broadband deployment in right-of-way; application of division Currentness
(a) This division does not apply to a project funded by Item 7502-062-8506 of the Budget Act of 2021 or any entity, including a public entity or private or nonprofit corporation, that consists of linear broadband deployment in a right-of-way if the project meets all of the following conditions:
(1) The project is located in an area identified by the Public Utilities Commission as a component of the statewide open-access middle-mile broadband network pursuant to Section 11549.54 of the Government Code. (2) The project is constructed along, or within 30-feet of, the right-of-way of any public road or highway. (3) The project is either deployed underground where the surface area is restored to a condition existing before the project or placed aerially along an existing utility pole right-of-way. (4) The project incorporates, as a condition of project approval, measures developed by the Public Utilities Commission or the Department of Transportation to address potential environmental impacts. At minimum, the project shall be required to include monitors during construction activities and measures to avoid or address impacts to cultural and biological resources. (5) The project applicant agrees to comply with all conditions otherwise authorized by law, imposed by the planning department of a city or county as part of a local agency permit process, that are required to mitigate potential impacts of the proposed project, and to comply with the Keene-Nejedly California Wetlands Preservation Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 5810) of Division 5), the California Endangered Species Act (Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 2050) of Division 3 of the Fish and Game Code), as applicable, other applicable state laws, and all applicable federal laws. (b) If a project meets all of the requirements of subdivision (a), the person undertaking the project shall do all of the following:
(1) Notify, in writing, any affected public agency, including, but not limited to, any public agency having permit, land use, environmental, public health protection, or emergency response authority, of the exemption of the project pursuant to this section.
(2) Provide notice to the public in the area affected by the project in a manner consistent with subdivision (b) of Section 21108. ⴱ㐭WESTLAW
§ 21080.51. Linear broadband deployment in right-of-way;..., CA PUB RES §... © 2025 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.2 (3) In the case of private rights-of-way over private property, receive from the underlying property owner permission for access to the property.
(4) Comply with all conditions authorized by law imposed by the planning department of a city or county as part of any local agency permit process, that are required to mitigate potential impacts of the proposed project, and otherwise comply with the Keene-Nejedly California Wetlands Preservation Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 5810) of Division 5), the California Endangered Species Act (Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 2050) of Division 3 of the Fish and Game Code), as applicable, other applicable state laws, and all applicable federal laws.
Credits
(Added by Stats.2021, c. 112 (S.B.156), § 6, eff. July 20, 2021.) West's Ann. Cal. Pub. Res. Code § 21080.51, CA PUB RES § 21080.51 Current with urgency legislation through Ch. 3 of 2025 Reg.Sess. Some statute sections may be more current, see credits for details.
End of Document © 2025 Thomson Reuters. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. ⴱ㔭WESTLAW