,BEVERLY CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS
Council Chamber
455 North Rexford Drive
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
MINUTES
CITY COUNCIL ADJOURNED MEETING AND PARKING AUTHORITY MEETING April 22, 2025
7:00 p.m.*
Members of the public may participate in the meeting by attending in-person or telephonically, and may view the meeting through live webcast or BHTV Channel 10 on Spectrum Cable.
City Council/Parking Authority meetings are broadcast on local Beverly Hills television and on other media platforms. Anyone who participates at the meeting and/or enters the City Council Chamber is subject tohaving their image displayed. These recordings will remain publicly accessible in perpetuity.
The City CouncillParking Authority may act on any item listed on the agenda.The City Council and Parking Authority Meeting was called to order by Mayor Nazarian at 7:00 p.m.
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE led by Frances Miller, Retiring Rent Stabilization Commissioner A. ROLL CALLS
Present: Councilmember/Director Wells, Councilmember/Director Corman, Councilmember/Director Friedman, Vice MayorNice Chair Mirisch, Mayor/Chair Nazarian
Absent: None
B. PRESENTATIONS
1. MOMENT OF UNITY — Rev. Ed Benioff, Good Shepherd Catholic Church
2. RETIRING COMMISSIONER RECOGNITION
-Kathy Bronte- Rent Stabilization Commission
-Frances Miller- Rent Stabilization Commission
-Donna Tryfman- Rent Stabilization Commission
Mayor Nazarian, along with the entire City Council, welcomed Reverend Ed Benioff,pastor of Good Shepherd Catholic Church to speak about promoting unity in the City.
Mayor Nazarian requested a moment of silence in honor of Pope Francis, leader of the Roman Catholic Church, who passed away the day before.
Mayor Nazarian, along with the entire City Council, recognized retiring commissioners for their service to the City.
E-2
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
3. PROCLAMATION — Honoring Earth Day
Mayor Nazarian, along with the entire City Council, presented a proclamation to Public Works Commission Chair Mark Nehoray in honor of Earth Day.
4. PROCLAMATION — Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) Mayor Nazarian, along with the entire City Council, presented a proclamation to SarahMichaelson from the organization ‘If You Heard What I Heard’, in honor of Yom HaShoah, Israel’s Holocaust Remembrance Day.
5. PROCLAMATION — Honoring Anne Frank Day on May 12, 2025, presented to Student Activist Olivia Prince
Mayor Nazarian, along with the entire City Council, presented a proclamation to Student Activist Olivia Prince, in recognition of Anne Frank Day on May 12.
6. TEXT BH — Text messages on any City-related topic may be sent to (310) 596-4265.
City staff will acknowledge receipt of the text message within one business day, however, resolution of issues may take longer.
If you would like to receive updated text alerts from the Beverly Hills Police Department, please text “BHPDalert” to 888777. Text alerts will keep you informed of any Police activity within the City.
C. ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
1. TELEPHONE CALL-IN: (310) 288-2288 Members of the public are invited to listen to the meeting telephonically or share oral communications on this phone line.
2. AUDIENCE COMMENTS: Any person wishing to address the City Council/Parking Authority on any matter may do so in writing, through email or in-person. However, the State open meetings law (Government Code Section 54950 et seq.) prohibits the CityCouncil/Parking Authority from providing a detailed response or acting upon any item not contained on the agenda posted 72 hours before a regular meeting and 24 hoursbefore a special meeting. If you wish to address the City Council/Parking Authority at this time, please email or provide an in-person speaker card to the City Clerk prior to or during the meeting. The City Clerk will read only the first three minutes (approximately 350 words) of a written comment. In the event of a large number of written commentson one item, written comments may be summarized by the City Clerk’s Office. Theentire written comment shall be archived in full as part of the record. Public comment via video conference or in-person will be no longer than three (3) minutes per each individual comment, subject to City Council discretion based on the anticipated lengthin the meeting.Speaker:
1. Zoe Muntaner re: Antisemitism at local event
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
FISCAL IMPACT REPORT
MOVED by Director Wells, seconded by Director Friedman to approve all items on the Parking Authority consent calendar.
Minutes
1. CONSIDERATION BY THE PARKING AUTHORITY OF THE MINUTES of the Meeting of February 19, 2025.ITEM D-1: APPROVED
2. CONSIDERATION BY THE PARKING AUTHORITY OF THE MINUTES of the Meeting of March 4, 2025.ITEM D-2: APPROVED
3. CONSIDERATION BY THE PARKING AUTHORITY OF THE MINUTES of the Meeting of March 18, 2025.ITEM D-3: APPROVED
APPROVAL OF:
Other Business
None
Vote on the Parking Authority Consent Calendar:
Ayes: Director Wells, Director Corman, Director Mirisch, Vice Chair Nazarian, Chair Friedman
Noes: None
CARRIED
E. CITY COUNCIL CONSENT CALENDAR
FISCAL IMPACT REPORTMOVED by Vice Mayor Mirisch, seconded by Councilmember Corman to remove item E-1 0 for discussion and separate vote, approve all remaining items on the City Council Consent Calendar, and direct that the appropriate accounts be charged on items E-6 and E-7.
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
Minutes
1. CONSIDERATION BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE MINUTES of the Adjourned Study Session Meeting of February 19, 2025.
ITEM E-1: APPROVED
2. CONSIDERATION BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE MINUTES of the Adjourned Regular Meeting of February 19, 2025.ITEM E-2: APPROVED
3. CONSIDERATION BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE MINUTES of the Regular Meeting of March 4, 2025.ITEM E-3: APPROVED
4. CONSIDERATION BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE MINUTES of the Study Session Meeting of March 18, 2025.ITEM E-4: APPROVED
5. CONSIDERATION BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE MINUTES of the Regular Meeting of March 18, 2025.ITEM E-5: APPROVED
Demands Paid
6. REVIEW OF BUDGETED DEMANDS PAID, covering dates March 11, 2025 to April 14, 2025.
ITEM E-6: APPROVED
7. PAYROLL DISBURSEMENT REPORT, covering dates March 11, 2025 to April 14, 2025.
ITEM E-7: APPROVED
Other Business
ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS:
None
RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS:
None
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
APPROVAL OF:
8. TRAFFIC AND PARKING COMMISSION APPOINTMENT (NEGAR KAMARA).
Comment: It is recommended that the City Council appoint Negar Kamara to the Traffic and Parking Commission for an initial two-year term to fill the unscheduledvacancy by former commissioner Ron Shalowitz. The previously approved applicant withdrew from the process, therefore the second recommended name is being provided for City Council formal approval and consideration.ITEM E-8: APPROVED
9. REQUEST TO CLOSE THE BEVERLY HILLS PUBLIC LIBRARY FOR THE DAY ON MAY 6, 2025, FOR THE FINAL PHASE TO UPGRADE THE BEHIND-THE-SCENES
LIBRARY SOFTWARE WHICH ENABLES STAFF TO MANAGE AND CHECKOUT MATERIALS FOR LIBRARY USERS.
Comment: The Beverly Hills Public Library is requesting closure on May 6, 2025, tocomplete the final phase of an upgrade to the behind-the-scenes library software which enables staff to manage and checkout materials for library users. Staff is recommending that the library close to avoid any major impacts on Library patrons.ITEM E-9: APPROVED
10. REQUEST FROM GEARYS OF BEVERLY HILLS TO HOST PATEK PHILIPPE GRAND OPENING ON THURSDAY, MAY 22, 2025.Comment: Gearys of Beverly Hills requests approval of street and sidewalk closureof Rodeo Drive between Dayton Way and Brighton Way to host Patek Philippe GrandOpening event on Thursday, May 22, 2025.Councilmember Corman explained that his cousins own Geary’s, and although hedoes not have a financial interest in the company he chose to recuse himself from this item.
MOVED by Mayor Nazarian, seconded by Vice Mayor Mirisch to approve item E-10 as follows:
REQUEST FROM GEARYS OF BEVERLY HILLS TO HOST PATEKPHILIPPE GRAND OPENING ON THURSDAY, MAY 22, 2025.
Ayes: Councilmember Wells, Councilmember Friedman, Vice Mayor Mirisch, Mayor Nazarian
Noes: NoneRecused: Councilmember Corman
CARRIED
ITEM E-10: APPROVED
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
11. RECOMMENDATION OF THE BEVERLY HILLS CITY COUNCIL RODEO DRIVE! SPECIAL EVENTS! HOLIDAY PROGRAM LIAISON COMMITTEE REGARDING THE CITY’S SUPPORT OF A PROPOSED PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN
PARAMOUNT PICTURES AND THE CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS FOR THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF CLUELESS MOVIE AND WAIVER OF PERMIT FEES IN THEAMOUNT OF $4,930.
Comment: This item provides the recommendations from the Beverly Hills CityCouncil Rodeo Drive/ Special Events! Holiday Program Liaison Committee regardinga proposed partnership with Paramount Pictures and the City, as well as City Partners, for new and enhanced existing community events in July 2025, as well as a waiver of permit fees of approximately $4,930, to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the movie CLUELESS.
ITEM E-1 1: APPROVED
12. RECOMMENDATION BY ARTS AND CULTURE COMMISSION COUNCIL LIAISONS MIRISCH AND WELLS TO HOLD THE 2025 FESTIVAL BEVERLY HILLS ON JULY 20, 2025.
Comment: Arts and Culture Commission Liaisons Mirisch and Wells recommend that the third annual Festival Beverly Hills take place on Sunday, July 20, 2025, at Beverly Gardens Park, at a similar size, scale, and budget to the 2024 event, along with anappropriation request of $18,000 to be funded by Transient Occupancy Tax revenue, which allows for matching the 2024 event budget of $65,000.
ITEM E-12: APPROVED
13. 2025 LEGISLATIVE PLATFORM.
Comment: At the March 18, 2025, City Council Study Session, staff presented the draft 2025 Legislative Platform to the City Council. The City Council recommended certain items be added to the 2025 Legislative Platform, and these statements have been incorporated herein.ITEM E-13: APPROVED
14. THE 2025 CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN.
Comment: This report provides information on the City’s required update to the Emergency Operations Plan. The Plan contains information on the City’s disaster response and recovery structure.
ITEM E-14: APPROVED
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
15. THE SALARY SCHEDULE REFLECTING ALL CITY JOB CLASSIFICATIONS; AND APPROVAL OF FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025 ONE-TIME APPROPRIATION FROM VARIOUS FUNDS TOTALING $172,230.
Comment: Staff recommends that the City Council approve the salary schedule reflecting all City job classifications and associated salaries in order to meet the California Public Employees’ Retirement System requirements of Government CodeSection 20636 (b)(l) and California Code of Regulations, Title 2, Section 570.5. Staffalso recommends that the City Council approve a one-time appropriation from various funds totaling $172,230 for Fiscal Year 2024-25.
ITEM E-15: APPROVED
16. A. AGREEMENT WITH J. BEN BOURGEOIS PRODUCTIONS, INC. FOR SPECIAL EVENT MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION SERVICES; AND
B. AGREEMENT WITH VOX PRODUCTIONS, LLC FOR SPECIAL EVENTMANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION SERVICES.
Comment: This item recommends the City Council approve agreements with J. Ben Bourgeois Productions Inc. and The Vox Productions LLC for special event management and production services. Most events will require approval of the City Council in order to issue a purchase order.
ITEM E-16: APPROVED
J. BEN BOURGEOIS — AG #162-25
VOX PRODUCTIONS, LLC — AG #163-25
17. A. THE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING WITH BEVERLY HILLS LITTLE LEAGUE FOR USE OF CITY AND BEVERLY HILLS UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICTFACILITIES; AND B. AUTHORIZE THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE THE MEMORANDUM OFUNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS AND AMERICAN YOUTH SOCCER ORGANIZATION DBA AYSO REGION 76 FOR USE OF CITY
AND BEVERLY HILLS UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT FACILITIES AND APPROVE
A FEE WAIVER FOR TWO SPECIAL EVENTS FOR THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF $6,912.Comment: Staff recommends the approval of the Memorandum of Understanding between the City and Beverly Hills Little League and requests authorization for theCity Manager to execute the Memorandum of Understanding between the City and American Youth Soccer Organization for the use of City and Beverly Hills Unified School District facilities. The American Youth Soccer Organization is also requestinga fee waiver for two special events for a total of $6,912.
ITEM E-17: APPROVED; AG #164-25
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
18. A FISCAL YEAR 2024-2025 PURCHASE ORDER FOR J. BEN BOURGEOIS PRODUCTIONS, INC. IN AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $312,254 FOR THE 2025 RODEO DRIVE CONCOURS D’ELEGANCE FATHER’S DAY CAR SHOW.
Comment: This item seeks City Council approval of a Fiscal Year 2024-2025 Purchase Order for the 2025 Rodeo Drive Concours d’Elegance Father’s Day Car Show in an amount not to exceed $312,254 to J. Ben Bourgeois Productions, Inc.
ITEM E-18: APPROVED
19. A FISCAL YEAR 2024-25 PURCHASE ORDER WITH MIS TOPCO, L.P. DBA
MAINLINE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE NOT-TO-EXCEED AMOUNT OF $300,000 FOR THE PLANNED REPLACEMENT AND EXPANSION OF END-OFLIFE DISK STORAGE SYSTEM.Comment: Provides for the planned upgrade and expansion of the data center’s enterprise storage system.
ITEM E-19: APPROVED
20. A PURCHASE ORDER TO NATIONAL AUTO FLEET GROUP FOR A TOTAL NOTTO-EXCEED AMOUNT OF $124,186.05 FOR THE PURCHASE OF ONE (1) POLICE DEPARTMENT DETECTIVE VEHICLE AND ONE (1) FIRE DEPARTMENTUTILITY VEHICLE.
Comment: Staff recommends City Council waive the bidding requirements as the City is utilizing the SourceWell bid process and approve a purchase order in the amount of $124,186.05 to National Auto Fleet Group for the purchase of specified Police Department and Fire Department replacement vehicles.ITEM E-20: APPROVED
21. A PURCHASE ORDER TO PENSKE MOTOR GROUP, LLC DBA LONGO TOYOTA FOR A TOTAL NOT-TO-EXCEED AMOUNT OF $167,062.52 FOR PURCHASE OF TWO (2) POLICE DETECTIVE VEHICLES AND ONE (1) PUBLIC WORKS VEHICLE.
Comment: Staff recommends that City Council waive the bidding requirements as it is in the best interest of the City and approve a purchase order in the not-to-exceed amount of $167,062.52 to Penske Motor Group, LLC DBA Longo Toyota for the purchase of specified Police Department and Public Works Department replacement vehicles.
ITEM E-21: APPROVED
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
22. A PURCHASE ORDER TO CRIME POINT, INC. FOR A TOTAL NOT-TO-EXCEED AMOUNT OF $215,047.20 FOR THE PURCHASE OF ONE (1) POLICE DEPARTMENT SURVEILLANCE VEHICLE; AND
APPROVAL OF A ONE-TIME FY2024-25 APPROPRIATION FROM THE ORGANIZED RETAIL THEFT PREVENTION GRANT FUND FOR $215,047.20 FOR PURCHASE OF SPECIFIED VEHICLE.
Comment: Staff recommends City Council (1) waive the bidding requirements as theCity is utilizing the GSA Federal Acquisition Service Contract, (2) approve a purchaseorder in the amount of $215,047.20 to Crime Point, Inc. for the purchase of a “net new” Police Department surveillance vehicle, and (3) approve an appropriation from the Organized Retail Theft Prevention Fund for the purchase of specified vehicle utilizing funding from the Organized Retail Theft prevention grant.
ITEM E-22: APPROVED
23. AWARD OF A CONTRACT TO THE LOWEST RESPONSIBLE BIDDER, WILLIAMS PIPELINE CONTRACTORS, INC. FOR THE WATER MAIN REPLACEMENTS — VARIOUS LOCATIONS WITHIN THE CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS PROJECT IN THE AMOUNT OF $5,557,610; ANDAPPROVAL OF THE PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS THEREFOR WITH RESPECT TO DESIGN CRITERIA; AND
APPROVAL OF A PURCHASE ORDER IN THE NOT-TO-EXCEED AMOUNT OF $6,113,371 TO WILLIAMS PIPELINE CONTRACTORS, INC. FOR THE PROJECT, WHICH INCLUDES A CONTINGENCY OF $555,761; AND
PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY ACT (CEQA), CITY COUNCIL WILL ALSO CONSIDER FINDING THE PROJECT EXEMPT FROM FURTHER REVIEW UNDER CEQA.Comment: Staff recommends City Council approve the award of a contract to the lowest responsible bidder, Williams Pipeline Contractors, Inc., for the construction of replacement water mains in the eastern part of the “Flats” area of the City. The scope of this project includes installation of approximately 10,300 lineal feet of 8-inch ductile iron pipe, associated valves, meter boxes, and fire hydrant assemblies.ITEM E-23: APPROVED; AG #165-25 Vote on the City Council Consent Calendar:
Ayes: Councilmember Wells, Councilmember Corman, Councilmember Friedman, Vice Mayor Mirisch, Mayor Nazarian
Noes: None
CARRIED
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
TO SET:
None
TO CONSIDER:
1. RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS AMENDING
THE COMPREHENSIVE SCHEDULE OF TAXES, FEES, AND CHARGES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 2025-2026.
Comment: Public hearing to consider amending the schedule of taxes, fees, andcharges.
Revenue Services Manager Emily Armstrong presented information related to this item.
Council provided their questions and comments.
Revenue Services Manager Emily Armstrong and Director of Community Services Stephanie Harris responded to Council questions.
MOVED by Councilmember Corman, seconded by Vice Mayor Mirisch to approve item F-i as follows:
THAT THE RESOLUTION ENTITLED: “RESOLUTION OF THE
COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BEVERLY HILLS AMENDING THE
COMPREHENSIVE SCHEDULE OF TAXES, FEES, AND CHARGES
FOR FISCAL YEAR 2025-26” BE ADOPTED.
Ayes: Councilmember Wells, Councilmember Corman, Councilmember Friedman, Vice Mayor Mirisch, Mayor Nazarian
Noes: None
CARRI ED
ITEM F-I: ADOPTED, RES# 25-R-I 3548
G. CITY COUNCIL CONTINUED AND NEW BUSINESS
I. ADOPTION OF THE CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN; AND
PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY ACT (CEQA), CITY COUNCIL WILL ALSO CONSIDER FINDING THE PLAN EXEMPT FROM FURTHER REVIEW UNDER CEQA.
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
Comment: Staff recommends the adoption of the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan, including key measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change, and consider finding the plan exempt from CEQA.
Director of Public Works Shana Epstein introduced Sustainability Program Administrator Amanda Grossman who presented information related to this item.
Council provided their questions and comments.Sustainability Program Administrator Amanda Grossman responded to Councilquestions.
Council advised the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan is a living document that can be updated and amended over time and should return to Council often for review andbe considered in the context of the City’s financial situation. They also spoke about the importance of reliable service from South California Edison.
Speaker:
1. Mateen Yeshova
MOVED by Councilmember Friedman, seconded by Councilmember Wells to approve item G-1 as follows:
TO ADOPT THE CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN AND
KEY GHG REDUCTION MEASURES AND ADAPTATION MEASURES;
AND FIND THE PLAN EXEMPT FROM FURTHER REVIEW UNDER
THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT.
Ayes: Councilmember Wells, Councilmember Corman, Councilmember Friedman, Mayor Nazarian
Noes: Vice Mayor Mirisch
CARRIED
ITEM G-1: APPROVED
3. REPORT FROM THE CITY ATTORNEY ON CLOSED SESSION ITEMS None
4. REPORT FROM THE CITY MANAGER
Sustainability Program Administrator Amanda Grossman presented information related to WaterSmart, the new water management and utility billing portal.
5. CITY COUNCILMEMBER AND COMMITTEE REPORTS AND COMMENTS Councilmember Wells wished everyone a Happy Passover and Happy Easter. She alsoacknowledged the passing of Pope Francis. She reported on her attendance at schooldistrict events including the Mary Poppins play and El Rodeo Elementary School Fun Run. She also congratulated Mayor Nazarian on her first meeting.
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
Councilmember Corman wished everyone a Happy Passover and Happy Easter. He also congratulated Mayor Nazarian on her first meeting. He reported on an Ad Hoc meeting with the property owner of Parcels 12 and 13 also known as the T-Zone Lot regarding a development proposal.
Councilmember Friedman congratulated Mayor Nazarian on her first meeting. He also wished everyone a Happy Passover and Happy Easter.
Vice Mayor Mirisch congratulated Mayor Nazarian on her first meeting. He also mentioned the upcoming holiday of Shavuot. He also spoke about antisemitism at arecent event at Santa Monica College as well as Coachella. He encouraged Live Nation to stop doing business with antisemitic groups.
Mayor Nazarian reported on recent events including the Team Beverly Hills graduation, Jewish Federation young leaders visit to City Hall, two interfaith Seders, Mayor’s meeting for LA28, several ribbon cuttings, The Children of October 7 movie screening, as well as upcoming events including Spotlight with Sharona, Earth Day at the Farmer’s Market, and Straight Talk with Sharona. She also spoke against recent acts including Pennsylvania Governor Shapiro’s home being set on fire during Passover as well as the antisemitic incident at Coachella.
H. COMMISSION SYNOPSIS
1. HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of February 20, 2025 RECREATION AND PARKS COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of February 25, 2025 TRAFFIC AND PARKING COMMISSION - Regular Meeting of March 6, 2025 ARTS AND CULTURE COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of March 11, 2025 PUBLIC WORKS COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of March 13, 2025 ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN REVIEW COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of March 19, 2025.
HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of March 20, 2025 RECREATION AND PARKS COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of March 25, 2025 PLANNING COMMISSION -Regular Meeting of March 27, 2025.ITEM H-I: NO ACTION TAKEN
OTHER BUSINESS
J. ADJOURNMENT
The next City Council meeting is scheduled for May 6, 2025.
There being no further business, Mayor Nazarian, with the consent of the City Council, adjourned the meeting at 8:59 p.m.
City Council/Parking Authority Meeting
April 22, 2025
this 20th day of May, 2025
HUMA AHMED, City ClerklSecretary
SHARONA R. NAZARIAN, PSYD,
MAYOR/Chair
This meeting was broadcast on live television, on City of Beverly Hills municipal government television access Channel BHTVIO Spectrum Cable.