Bradbury City Council
November 28, 2023

AGENDA
Adjourned Meeting of the Bradbury City Council
To be held on Tuesday, November 28, 2023
Closed Session Immediately Following
at the Bradbury Civic Center
600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008
OPEN SESSION 7:00 PM
Each item on the agenda, no matter how described, shall be deemed to include any appropriate motion, whether to adopt a minute motion, resolution, payment of any bill, approval of any matter or action, or any other action. Items listed as “For Information” or “For Discussion” may also be subject of an “action” taken by the Board or a Committee at the same meeting.

CALL TO ORDER/PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
ROLL CALL: Mayor Barakat, Mayor Pro Tem Hale, Councilmembers Lathrop, Lewis & Bruny.

APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA: Majority Vote of City Council to proceed with City Business DISCLOSURE OF ITEMS REQUIRED BY GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 1090 & 81000 ET.SEQ.

1. PUBLIC COMMENT
Anyone wishing to address the City Council on any matter that is not on the agenda for a public hearing may do so at this time. Please state your name and address clearly for the record and limit your remarks to five minutes.

Please note that while the City Council values your comments, the City Council cannot respond nor take action until such time as the matter may appear on a forthcoming agenda.

Routine requests for action should be referred to City staff during normal business hours, 8:30am - 5:00pm, Monday through Friday, at 626.358.3218.

The City of Bradbury will gladly accommodate disabled persons wishing to communicate at a city public meeting. If special assistance is needed, please call the City Manager's Office (626.358.3218) 48 hours prior to the scheduled meeting.

CC Adjourned Meeting 2023_11_28
ACTION ITEMS*

2. CONSENT CALENDAR
All items on the Consent Calendar are considered by the City Council to be routine and will be enacted by one motion unless a Council Member request otherwise, in which case the item will be removed and considered by separate action. All Resolutions and Ordinances for Second Reading on the Consent Calendar, the motion will be deemed to “to waive the reading and adopt.” A. Minutes: Regular Meeting, Tuesday, October 17, 2023.

B. Monthly Investment Report for the month of October 2023.

C. Resolution No. 23-20. Demands & Warrants for November 28, 2023..

D. Approval for the City Manager to Teach at the University of Southern California E. Budget Amendment for FY 2023-24 re: JPA Expenses
F. Second Reading of Ordinance No. 389: An Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Bradbury, California Amending Titel IX – Development Code of the Bradbury Municipal Code to Implement Housing Element Programs Related to the Affordable Housing Overlay Zone, Address Specific Plans, Clarify Open Space as a Permitted Use, and Amend the City of Bradbury Zoning Map to Designate Two Previously Approved Specific Plans and Place the Affordable Housing Overlay on a Portion of the Civic Center Property Located at 600 Winston Avenue

3. RECOMMEND APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION NO. 23-25: HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT The Health and Safety Element identifies potential natural and human-caused hazards that could affect the City’s residents, and the State requires that the Health and Safety Element be updated when the Housing Element is updated. Resolution No. 23-25 sets forth the findings of facts and a decision to recommend approval of the Health and Safety Element, Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Evacuation Route Analysis. It is recommended that the City Council approve and adopt Resolution No. 23-25.

4. DISCUSSION ON COMMUNITY SUPPORT FUNDS
The City Council budgeted $4,000 this fiscal year to donate to organizations that provide housing and shelter to those in need. It is recommended that the City Council direct staff on how to expend the budgeted $4,000, which has been set aside for a charitable donation.

5. DISCUSSION ON A CITY COUNCIL RETREAT
At the September regularly scheduled City Council meeting, the idea of a City Council retreat was mentioned. This item prompts a discussion on such a retreat.

6. DISCUSSION ON LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES
This item prompts a discussion on the City of Bradbury’s law enforcement services. It is recommended that the City Council direct Staff on how to proceed.

10. MATTERS FROM THE CITY MANAGER

11. MATTERS FROM THE CITY ATTORNEY

12. MATTERS FROM THE CITY COUNCIL
Mayor Barakat
LA County Sanitation Districts
LA County City Selection Committee
Director of Bradbury Disaster Committee
So. California Joint Powers Insurance Authority
Mayor Pro Tem Hale
Councilmember Lathrop
League of California Cities
Duarte Community Education Council (CEC)
Councilmember Bruny
Area “D” Office of Disaster Management
Duarte Education Foundation
Foothill Transit
Councilmember Lewis

13. ITEMS FOR FUTURE AGENDAS

CLOSED SESSION

CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL
PUBLIC COMMENT – REGARDING CLOSED SESSION ONLY
RECESS TO CLOSED SESSION REGARDING:

A. Closed session with the City’s negotiators to consider the purchase or lease of real property by or for the City, in order to grant authority to its negotiators regarding the price and terms of payment for the purchase or lease of the property described as Assessor’s Parcel Number 8727-025-020, (CalAm Lemon Avenue Reservoir)
City negotiators: Kevin Kearney and Cary S. Reisman;
Person(s) to negotiate with: Property owner(s) or their agents.

B. Closed session with the City’s negotiators to consider the purchase or lease of real property by or for the City, in order to grant authority to its negotiators regarding the price and terms of payment for the purchase or lease of the property described as Assessor’s Parcel Numbers 8527-001-001, 8527-001-008, 8527-001-009, and 8527-001-012 (formally Oak View Estates Project)
City negotiators: Kevin Kearney and Cary S. Reisman;
CC Adjourned Meeting 2023_11_28
Person(s) to negotiate with: Property owner(s) or their agents.

C. Closed session with the City’s negotiators to consider the purchase or lease of real property by or for the City, in order to grant authority to its negotiators regarding the price and terms of payment for the purchase or lease of the property at 1901 Royal Oaks Drive North, Bradbury.

City negotiators: Kevin Kearney and Cary S. Reisman;
Person(s) to negotiate with: Property owner(s) or their agents.

REPORT FROM CLOSED SESSION
ADJOURNMENT:

The City Council will adjourn to a Regular Meeting at the Bradbury Civic Center, 600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008 on Tuesday, December 19, 2023 at 7:00 p.m. * ACTION ITEMS: Regardless of a staff recommendation on any agenda item, the City Council will consider such matters, including action to approve, conditionally approve, reject or continue such item. Further information on each item may be procured from City Hall. “I, Diane Jensen, City Clerk, hereby certify that I caused this agenda to be posted at the Bradbury City Hall entrance gate by 5:00pm on Wednesday, November 22, 2023.” __________________________________
City Clerk – City of Bradbury

Revenues
Acct. 2022-23 2023-24
Number Account Description Budget Budget
General Fund:
101-00-4000 Operating Transfers In - - #DIV/0! - - #DIV/0! 101-00-4010 Property Tax-Current Secured 490,000 494,100 101% 490,000 8,115 2% 101-00-4030 Property Tax-Current Unsecured 20,000 18,069 90% 22,000 20,307 92% 101-00-4050 Property Tax Prior Year - #DIV/0! - #DIV/0! 101-00-4060 Public Safety Augmentation F 11,000 12,419 113% 12,300 4,416 36% 101-00-4070 Delinquent Taxes 9,000 10,043 112% 9,000 - 0% 101-00-4100 Sales & Use Tax 3,500 2,679 77% 2,500 185 7% 101-00-4110 Franchise Fee-Cable TV 20,000 18,640 93% 18,500 4,553 25% 101-00-4111 PEG Fees - 3,737 #DIV/0! 3,750 911 24%
101-00-4120 Franchise Fee-SC Edison 20,000 23,934 120% 25,000 - 0% 101-00-4130 Franchise Fee-SC Refuse 25,000 32,866 131% 38,000 22,464 59% 101-00-4140 Franchise Fee-SC Gas Co. 3,500 4,518 129% 5,000 - 0% 101-00-4150 Franchise Fee-Cal Am Water 50,000 45,469 91% 46,000 - 0% 101-00-4160 AB939 Refuse Admin. Fee 10,000 - 0% 20,000 - 0% 101-00-4190 Real Property Transfer Tax 35,000 40,184 115% 35,000 2,065 6% 101-00-4200 Motor Vehicle In-Lieu 145,000 152,883 105% 145,000 - 0% 101-00-4210 Dist & Bail Forfeiture 400 509 127% 400 159 40% 101-00-4220 Fines-City 2,500 18,343 734% 2,500 - 0%
101-00-4350 Business License 29,000 30,721 106% 29,000 8,605 30% 101-00-4360 Movie & TV Permits 15,000 32,960 220% 15,000 - 0% 101-00-4370 Bedroom License Fee 6,500 46,350 713% 6,500 - 0% 101-00-4410 Variances & CUPs 1,635 3,269 200% 1,635 - 0% 101-00-4420 Lot Line Adjustment/Zone Changes 3,800 - 0% 1,500 - 0% 101-00-4440 Subdivisions/Lot Splits 4,800 - 0% 1,500 - 0% 101-00-4460 Planning Dept. Review 36,000 28,864 80% 36,000 2,889 8% 101-00-4470 Building Construction Permit 100,000 143,770 144% 150,000 25,032 17% 101-00-4480 Building Plan Check Fees 100,000 37,569 38% 100,000 40,039 40% 101-00-4485 Landscape Plan Check Permit 10,000 4,168 42% 10,000 1,160 12% 101-00-4490 Green Code Compliance 25,000 16,142 65% 25,000 4,543 18% 101-00-4500 Civic Center Rental Fee 900 - 0% 900 900 100% 101-00-4530 Environmental & Other Fees 2,500 1,854 74% 2,500 4 0% 101-00-4540 City Engineering Plan Check 90,000 71,569 80% 70,000 26,792 38% 101-00-4600 Interest Income 12,000 90,418 753% 45,000 13,020 29% 101-00-4700 Sales of Maps & Publications 107 #DIV/0! 10 - 0% 101-00-4800 Other Revenue - 39,931 #DIV/0! - #DIV/0!
101-00-4850 Cal-Am Loan Repayment 4,500 4,820 107% 4,500 - 0% 101-00-4900 Reimbursements 15,000 34 0% 5,000 - 0%
101-00-4920 Sale of Prop. A Funds - - #DIV/0! - #DIV/0! 101-20-4260 Housing Element Grant Reimbursement - - #DIV/0! 42,768 #DIV/0! 101-23-4950 Vacant Property Registry Fee - - #DIV/0! - #DIV/0! 101-24-4610 Donations - - #DIV/0! 500 #DIV/0!
101-00-4951 Lemon Avenue Trail Project - Grant_FY 2023/24 - - #DIV/0! - #DIV/0! Total General Fund Revenues 1,301,535 1,430,939 110% 1,378,995 229,427 17% Utility Users Tax Fund:
102-00-4600 Interest 12,000 4,080 34% 12,000 - 0%
102-00-4830 Electric - - #DIV/0! - - #DIV/0!
12,000 4,082 34% 12,000 - 0%
Deposits Fund:
103-00-2039 Chadwick Ranch Development 60,000 - 0% - #DIV/0! 103-00-2040 1901 Royal Oaks Dr. North - #DIV/0! 20,000 #DIV/0! 60,000 - #DIV/0! - 20,000 #DIV/0!
Long Term Planning Fee Fund:
112-00-4490 Long-Term Planning Fee 7,500 1,921 26% 3,500 1,956 56% 112-00-4600 LTP Fee Interest Income 125 52 42% 125 - 0% 2023-24
YTD @ 10/31/2023
2022-23
YTD @ 06/30/2023
1 of 3
Revenues
Acct. 2022-23 2023-24
Number Account Description Budget Budget
2023-24
YTD @ 10/31/2023
2022-23
YTD @ 06/30/2023
7,625 1,973 26% 3,625 1,956 54%
113-00-4520 Technology Fee 17,500 11,688 67% 10,000 1,624 16% 113-00-4600 Technology Fee Interest Income 550 103 19% 550 - 0% 18,050 11,791 65% 10,550 1,624 15%
200-48-4260 Gas Tax 28,250 29,638 105% 28,250 16,279 58% 200-00-4600 Interest 250 10 4% 250 - 0%
28,500 29,648 104% 28,500 16,279 57%
201-00-4260 Gas Tax 19,700 18,863 96% 19,700 5,728 29%
201-00-4600 Gas Tax Interest 750 70 9% 750 - 0%
20,450 18,933 93% 20,450 5,728 28%
Prop. A Fund:
203-40-4260 Prop. A Transit Funds 22,000 27,468 125% 22,000 8,228 37% 203-00-4600 Prop. A Transit Interest 600 287 48% 600 - 0% 22,600 27,755 123% 22,600 8,228 36%
Prop. C Fund:
204-48-4260 Prop. C Funds 18,000 22,784 127% 18,000 6,830 38% 204-48-4600 Prop. C Interest 350 173 49% 350 - 0%
18,350 22,957 125% 18,350 6,830 37%
Transportation Development Act Fund:
205-48-4260 TDA Funds 5,000 4,587 92% 5,000 413 8%
205-48-4600 TDA Interest 30 0% 30 - 0%
5,030 4,587 91% 5,030 413 8%
Sewer Fund:
206-00-4000 Transfers In - #DIV/0! - 73,161 #DIV/0!
206-50-4600 Sewer Fund Interest 10,000 4 0% - #DIV/0!
206-50-4606 Winston Ave. Assessment 74,423 73,161 98% - #DIV/0! 84,423 73,165 87% - 73,161 #DIV/0!
STPL Fund:
208-00-4600 STPL Interest 20 7 35% 20 - 0%
20 7 35% 20 - 0%
209-00-4260 Recycling Grant Funds 5,000 5,000 100% 5,000 - 0% 209-00-4600 Recycling Grant Interest 150 206 137% 150 - 0% 5,150 5,206 101% 5,150 - 0%
210-48-4260 Measure R Funds 13,500 17,083 127% 13,500 3,629 27% 210-00-4600 Measure R Interest 1,200 527 44% 400 - 0%
14,700 17,610 120% 13,900 3,629 26%
Measure M Fund
212-48-4260 Measure M Funds 16,000 19,324 121% 16,000 4,091 26% 212-00-4600 Measure M Interest 800 487 61% 400 0%
16,800 19,811 118% 16,400 4,091 25%
Measure W Fund
213-48-4260 Measure W Funds 50,506 76,454 151% 50,506 0% 213-48-4600 Measure W Interest 1,000 0% #DIV/0!
Recycling Grant Fund:

Measure R Fund:

Gas Tax Fund:

Technology Fee Fund:

SB1 Gas Tax Fund:
2 of 3
Revenues
Acct. 2022-23 2023-24
Number Account Description Budget Budget
2023-24
YTD @ 10/31/2023
2022-23
YTD @ 06/30/2023
51,506 76,454 148% 50,506 - 0%
Citizen's Option for Public Safety (COPS) Fund:
215-23-4260 COPs Funds 100,000 224,440 224% 100,000 107,589 108% 215-00-4600 COPs Interest 5,500 3,221 59% 2,200 0%
105,500 227,661 216% 102,200 107,589 105%
County Park Grant:
217-00-4210 County Park Grant - - #DIV/0! - #DIV/0!
217-00-4600 Grant Fund Interest Income 650 64 10% 650 0% 650 64 10% 650 - 0%
Fire Safe Grant:
219-00-4260 Community Wildfire Protection Plan 5,000 8,819 176% #DIV/0! 219-00-4600 Fire Safe Grant Interest Income 50 104 208% #DIV/0! 5,050 8,923 177% - - #DIV/0!
ARPA Fund:
220-00-4215 ARPA Revenues 175,000 - 0% #DIV/0!
220-00-4600 Interest Income 1,200 427 36% #DIV/0!
176,200 427 0% - - #DIV/0!
Total Revenues 1,954,139 1,981,993 101% 1,688,926 478,955 28% 3 of 3

City of Bradbury
Agenda Memo
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Mario Flores, Management Analyst
DATE: November 28, 2023
SUBJECT: Recommend Approval of Resolution No. 23-25: Health and Safety Element
ATTACHMENTS: 1) Resolution No. 23-25
2) Health and Safety Element Redline Version
3) CAL FIRE Safety Element Assessment

RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council approve Resolution No. 23-25 (Attachment 1) which sets forth the findings of facts and a decision to recommend approval of the Health and Safety Element, Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Evacuation Route Analysis.

SUMMARY
The Health and Safety Element (Element) is a state-mandated General Plan element that must identify potential natural and human-created hazards that could affect the City of Bradbury’s (City’s) residents. The purpose of the Element is to establish a framework that anticipates these hazards and prepares the community to minimize exposure to these risks.

The Element conveys the City’s goals, policies, and actions to minimize hazardous situations and protect and improve public health in and around the City. It identifies the natural and human-caused hazards that affect existing and future development, describes present and expected future conditions, and sets policies and standards for improved public safety. Natural hazards may include earthquakes, wildland fires, floods, and slope Richard Barakat, Mayor (District 3)
Richard T. Hale, Mayor Pro Tem (District 1)
Monte Lewis, Council Member (District 2)
Bruce Lathrop, Council Member (District 4)
Elizabeth Bruny, Council Member (District 5)
failure. Human-caused hazards may include chemical contamination, structural fires, transportation accidents, and air and water pollution.

BACKGROUND
The State of California requires every city to have a Safety Element in its General Plan.

State law requires that the City of Bradbury update its Health and Safety Element every eight (8) years in conjunction with updates to the Housing Element with the most recent update covering the 6th cycle planning period from 2021-2029. The Health and Safety Element was last adopted by the City Council as part of the General Plan update in 2014.

The Element is divided into two chapters, Noise and Safety.

Furthermore, an update to the Element is needed to comply with Senate Bill (SB) 379, which became effective in 2017. SB 379 calls for cities to integrate climate adaptation into their general plans with goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures. The Element update incorporates a series of revised and added sections to fully comply with SB 379.

On September 17, 2023, The City of Bradbury Planning Commission conducted a public hearing, provided input on the Element, and approved a Resolution (PC 23-314) to recommend to the City Council approval and adoption of the Health and Safety Element update.

ANALYSIS
City staff, in collaboration with the retained consultant De Novo Planning Group, began the process to update the Element in September of 2022. The primary revisions to the Element update include a Climate Vulnerability Assessment, and an Evacuation Route Analysis. Additionally, the Element is required to be reviewed and updated as necessary by the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and CAL FIRE through a Safety Element Assessment to address the risk of fire for land classified as state responsibility areas and land classified as very high fire severity zones.

Climate Vulnerability Assessment
A Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) has been prepared to identify risks that climate change poses to the City. A CVA is a comprehensive evaluation that identifies and analyzes a community’s susceptibility to climate change. Relevant goals, policies, objectives, and actions informed by the CVA have been added to the Health and Safety Element and a high-level overview of the findings is included.

Evacuation Route Analysis
An Evacuation Route Analysis was conducted to enhance the City’s emergency preparedness and response capabilities. An Evacuation Route Analysis is a comprehensive analysis that identifies and evaluates optimal pathways and methods for safely evacuating people and assets from specific locations throughout the City in the event of an emergency or disaster. It plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and well- being of residents in the event of natural or human-caused hazards.

Safety Element Assessment
As part of the update, the Element is required to be reviewed and updated as necessary to address the risk of fire for land classified as state responsibility areas and land classified as very high fire hazard severity zones. Utilizing staff from the CAL FIRE Land Use Planning team, the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection has established a standardized method to review and assess the Element. The methodology includes 1) reviewing the Element for requirements set out in the Government Code Section 65302, 2) examining the Element for goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures that mitigate the wildfire risk in the planning area, and 3) making recommendations for methods and strategies that would reduce the risk of wildfires. The Element was evaluated against the attached Assessment (Attachment 3) that contains questions to determine if the Element meets requirements outlined in Government Code, Section 65302.

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
Staff is recommending that the Health and Safety Element Update be found exempt from the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to the common sense exemption of CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3). This Section states CEQA only applies to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment and where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity will have a significant effect, the activity is not subject to CEQA. As this is a policy document that will not cause any physical changes to the environment, there will not be any impact from adoption.

CONCLUSION
The proposed Health and Safety Element update has been prepared in compliance with State law and the Element supports the City Council priorities of Disaster Preparedness and Fiscal Responsibility.

Staff recommends that the City Council approve Resolution No. 23-25 (Attachment 1) which sets forth the findings of facts and a decision to recommend approval of the Health and Safety Element, Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Evacuation Route Analysis.

ATTACHMENT #1
CITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION NO. 23-25

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BRADBURY,

CALIFORNIA, SETTING FORTH THE FINDINGS OF FACT AND A

DECISION TO RECOMMEND TO THE CITY COUNCIL APPROVAL AND

ADOPTION OF THE HEALTH & SAFETY ELEMENT UPDATE AND THE

CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND RESIDENTIAL

EMERGENCY EVACUATION ROUTE ANALYSIS AND FINDING THE

UPDATE TO BE EXEMPT FROM THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENT

QUALITY ACT (CEQA) PURSUANT TO THE COMMON SENSE
EXEMPTION OF CEQA GUIDELINES SECTION 15061(b)(3)
WHEREAS, Government Code section 65302(g) provides that the Health & Safety Element is to be updated when the City revises the Housing Element to address specified topics;
WHEREAS, The goal of the safety element is to reduce the negative impacts caused by natural phenomena such as fires, floods, droughts, and earthquakes; WHEREAS, The Health and Safety Element (Exhibit “A”) is required to address climate adaptation and resiliency strategies if the city does not have a local hazard mitigation plan as well as identify residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes;
WHEREAS, The revisions include a Climate Vulnerability Assessment (Exhibit “B”) and an Evacuation Route Analysis (Exhibit “C”);
WHEREAS, The City of Bradbury Planning Commission has recommended to the City Council approval and adoption of the Health and Safety Element update by Resolution No. PC 23-314;
WHEREAS, The City Council is recommending that the Health & Safety Element Update be found exempt from the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to the common-sense exemption of CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3);

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BRADBURY, DOES HEREBY RESOLVE, FIND, AND DETERMINE AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1. The City Council conducted an adjourned meeting on November 28, 2023, and held a public hearing in accordance with the provisions of the Bradbury Municipal Code relative to this matter.

SECTION 2. The information in the agenda report, and the testimony at the public hearing are incorporated in this Resolution and comprises the bases on which the findings have been made.

SECTION 3. The proposed amendments will promote health, safety, peace, morals and general welfare of the City and its people.
-2- No. 23-25
SECTION 4. The Health and Safety Element meets the requirements of Government Code section 65302 and covers all required topics.

SECTION 5. The updated Health and Safety Element is consistent with the other elements of the General Plan.

SECTION 6. The City Council hereby recommends the approval and adoption of the Health and Safety Element of the General Plan.

SECTION 7. The City Council further recommends that the Health and Safety Element Update is Categorically Exempt under the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to the common sense exemption per Section 15061(b)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines that CEQA only applies to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment and where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity will have a significant effect, the activity is not subject to CEQA.

SECTION 8. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution.

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 28th day of November, 2023.

Richard Barakat, Mayor
ATTEST:

Diane Jensen, City Clerk
I, Diane Jensen, City Clerk, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 23-25 was duly adopted by the City Council of the City of Bradbury, California, at a regular meeting held on the 28th day of November, 2023, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

EXHIBIT “A”
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. i
General Plan 2012-2030
Health and Safety Element
(Noise and Safety Elements Combined)
Table of Contents Topic Pg. No.

Noise Chapter
Purpose 1
Noise Chapter Objective 2
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements 2
Overview of Noise Element Issues 2
Characteristics of Traffic Noise 4
Existing Noise Environment 4
Future Noise Environment 6
Noise Sensitive Land Uses 7
Noise Mitigation Plan 7
Noise Goals, Objectives and Policies 11
Noise Goals 11
Noise Objectives 11
Noise Policies 12
Noise Implementation Action Programs 13
Safety Chapter
Purpose 14
Safety Chapter Objective 14
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements 15
Related Agencies, Laws and Plans 15
Overview of Safety Chapter Issues 16
Fire Hazards 16
Flood Hazards 20
Geologic Hazards 21
Landslides 22
Erosion 22
Seismic Hazards 22
Ground Rupture 25
Ground Shaking 25
Liquefaction 25
Seiches 26
Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plan 28
Police Services 29
Fire Services 29
Medical Services 29
Peakload Water Supply 29
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. ii
Hazard Mitigation Plan 30
Hazardous Waste and Materials Management Program 31
Emergency Preparedness 31
Disaster Area Management 32
Alert LA County 32
Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP) 33
Evacuation Routes and Reception Centers 34
Climate Change and Resiliency Planning 37
Safety Goals, Objectives and Policies 38
Safety Goals 38
Safety Objectives 38
Safety Policies 39
Safety Implementation Action Programs 42
Appendices
Appendix H-S A Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Appendix H-S B Evacuation Route Analysis
Tables
Table H-S Noise No. 1 (Existing Noise Measurements) 6
Table H-S Noise No. 2 (Existing and Future Roadway Noise Levels (CNEL)) 7 Exhibits
Exhibit H-S Noise No. 1 (Acoustical Scale) 3
Exhibit H-S Noise No. 2 (Noise Contour Map) 10
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1 (Fire Hazard Severity Zones) 18 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2 (Regional Fault Segments) 24
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 (City Seismic Hazard Zone Map) 27 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 (Emergency Access and Evacuation Plan) 36 City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 14
Safety Chapter
Purpose
The Bradbury General Plan Health and Safety Element is comprised of two state-mandated general plan elements (Noise and Safety). The Safety Chapter of the Health and Safety Element focuses on those elements of risk to the residents that should be considered in current and future development planning.

The purpose of the Safety Chapter is to protect the community from any unreasonable risks associated with the effects of seismically induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, seiche, and dam failure; slope instability leading to mudslides and landslides; subsidence, liquefaction, and other seismic hazards identified pursuant to Chapter 7.8 (commencing with Section 2690) of Division 2 of the Public Resources Code, and other hazards known to the legislative body; including flooding; and wildland and urban fires.

The Safety Chapter of the Health and Safety Element includes mapping of known seismic and other geologic hazards. It also addresses evacuation routes, peakload water supply requirements, and minimum road widths and clearances around structures, as those items relate to identified fire and geologic hazards. Pursuant to Senate Bill (SB) 379, the Safety Chapter addresses climate adaptation and resilience strategies applicable to the City as well.

This Safety Chapter is the primary vehicle for relating local safety planning with the City’s land use decisions. The City has established land use policies, standards, and designations based on among other things the criteria set forth in this Safety Chapter. Additionally, local decisions related to zoning, subdivisions, and entitlement permits, for example, will be tied to the Safety Chapter’s identification of hazards and hazard abatement provisions. The City of Bradbury Safety Chapter examines those issues related to protecting the community from any unreasonable risks associated with earthquakes, slope instability, flooding, and fire. The Chapter also indicates design standards, such as peakload water supply requirements; minimum road widths; and clearances around structures. Finally, the Safety Chapter identifies evacuation routes and emergency reception centers.

The Safety Chapter works in conjunction with the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan, which was developed in accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) and followed FEMA’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan guidance. The Hazard Mitigation Plan incorporates a process where hazards are identified and profiled, the people and facilities at risk are analyzed, and mitigation actions are developed to reduce or eliminate hazard risk. The implementation of these mitigation actions, which include both short and long-term strategies, involve planning, policy changes, programs, projects, and other activities. To access the latest Hazard Mitigation Plan, please visit the City’s web site at:
https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public_safety/index.php Safety Element Objective
Hazards affecting the City of Bradbury can be divided into two major categories: 1) naturally occurring hazards; and 2) human-caused hazards. Naturally occurring hazards include City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 15
earthquakes, wildland fires, floods, and slope failure. Chemical contamination, structural fires, transportation accidents and air and water pollution are examples of human-caused hazards.

The objective of the Safety Chapter is to enable the City to be sensitive to those natural and human-caused hazards in future decision-making and to be able to respond in a timely manner in the event of an emergency. As a result, the following principal serves as the framework for the City of Bradbury Safety Chapter: Public safety is the focus of the emergency preparedness plan which emphasizes the risks associated with earthquakes, wildfire, flooding, and other humancaused and natural hazards. In response to this principal, the Safety Chapter provides the foundation for a detailed inventory of those risks that need to be considered. This Chapter also establishes standards related to public safety.

Relationship to Other General Plan Elements
California Planning Law requires that all elements of the General Plan be consistent. While all of the General Plan Elements are independent, they are also interrelated. Certain goals and policies of one element may also address items that are issues of other elements. This integration of issues throughout the General Plan creates a strong basis for the implementation of plans, programs and achievement of community goals. The Safety Chapter is most directly related to the Land Use and Circulation Elements and the Conservation and Open Space Chapters.

Related Agencies, Laws and Plans
The following state mandates impact planning and development:

Colbey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act. The Colbey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act encourages local governments to plan, adopt and enforce land use regulations for floodplain management, in order to protect people and property from flooding hazards. This Act also identifies requirements which jurisdictions must meet in order to receive state financial assistance for flood control.

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act requires the state Geologist to identify earthquake fault zones along traces of both recently and potentially active major faults. Cities and counties that contain such zones must inform the public regarding zone location.

Seismic Hazards Mapping Act. Pursuant to the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act, the state Geologist compiles maps identifying seismic hazard zones. Development in seismic hazard areas is subject to policies and criteria established by the State Mining and Geology Board. Additionally, approval of development on a site within a seismic hazard area mandates the preparation of a geotechnical report and local agency consideration of compliance with applicable state requirements.

Landslide Hazard Identification Program. The Landslide Hazard Identification Program requires the state Geologist to prepare maps of potential landslide zones within urbanizing areas.

Fire Hazards. Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189 direct the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) to map areas of significant fire hazards based on fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. These zones, referred to as Fire Hazard Severity City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 16
Zones (FHSZ), define strategies to reduce the hazard associated with wildland fires. As part of this mapping effort, areas designated for management by CAL FIRE are identified as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). Areas managed by local fire departments are identified as Local Responsibility Areas (LRA). The entire City of Bradbury lies within a LRA and fire protection is provided by the County of Los Angeles Fire Department (LACoFD). Most of the City is located within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) established by CAL FIRE and reflected on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1. In 2012, the California State Legislature adopted SB 1241 which requires communities to protect themselves against wildland and urban fires by addressing the fire hazard in areas designated as VHFHSZ.

Overview of Safety Chapter Issues
The City of Bradbury has attempted to identify and analyze natural and human-caused hazards and the associated risks that residents may be subjected to.

Fire Hazards The threat of wildfires in foothill areas in Southern California has been of concern for many years. Very high risk for wildfire is evident in areas having steep slopes that are covered with chaparral vegetation and where there is limited access for fire control equipment.

Low hazard areas are developed urban areas where fire access is readily available and the terrain is relatively flat. Industrial areas, hazardous material users, structures with substandard electrical wiring, overhead high voltage power lines, and high pressure gas lines are examples of urban fire hazards.

The City of Bradbury developed a Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) with input and direction from City of Bradbury stakeholders and the community. The purpose of the CWPP is to serve as a fire protection planning document that presents the City’s physical characteristics, wildfire hazard, assets at risk from wildfire, vegetation/fuel management projects and specifications, and goals and action items intended to reduce wildfire hazards in the City. The ultimate goal of the CWPP is to protect lives, property, and natural resources threated by wildland fire. The final version of the CWPP was adopted by the Bradbury City Council on March 15, 2022 and was annexed into the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan on August 16, 2022. To access the Community Wildfire Protection Plan, please visit the City’s website at:
https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public_safety/cwpp.php In order to facilitate immediate firefighting response, the City should have the following standards for areas that are located in high or very high FHSZs:
• There should be sufficient access routes and roads for emergency vehicles and for the evacuation of residents from all areas.
• Adequate access should be provided for all developed areas. All roadways to hazard areas should be of sufficient width to accommodate firefighting equipment. Streets should be marked and addresses should be posted in plain view. Adequate water supply should be available and sufficient for fire suppression activity.

All development within the VHFHSZ should comply with the standards set forth in LACoFD’s Fuel Modification Plan. The three primary components needed to reduce fire losses are:

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 17

1. Implementing building construction methods that reduce building fire hazards;

2. Providing adequate defensible space around structures to reduce fuel; and

3. Identifying areas where there is a significant risk and a history of significant losses.

Good defensible space around structures allows adequate area for firefighters to fight a fire and avoid injury to personnel and equipment. Terrain, climate conditions, and vegetation interact to affect fire behavior.

Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 4291 requires that homeowners provide fuel modification to 100 feet around their buildings to create a defensible space for firefighters and to protect their homes from wildfires. Residents must reduce dry fuel around the perimeter of any structure and comply with the adopted codes that provide standards for mitigating fire hazards. Good defensible space around structures allows adequate area for firefighters to fight a fire and avoid injury to personnel and equipment. Terrain, climate conditions, and vegetation interact to affect fire behavior.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 18
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1 FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES
Sources: CAL FIRE, Los Angeles County GIS;
Map date: November 10, 2022
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 19
Bradbury’s location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains creates a wildland-urban interface (WUI) that makes Bradbury more susceptible to wildfires than cities that do not border the foothills.

During community workshops many residents expressed their concern that safety and preparedness were the highest priority for the community.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) provides fire danger forecasting tools that utilize a combination of satellite-derived vegetation indices, various biogeophysical variables, and weather information to produce 7-day forecasts. The City may use these tools in coordination with LACoFD to determine fire potential index, large fire probability, and fire spread probability.

Historic Wildfires in the City of Bradbury
Fortunately, there have been limited wildfire outbreaks within the City, and they are described below.
1953 Duarte Fire. This fire originated between Spinks Canyon and Maddock Canyon in wildland area. A total of 561 acres burned in this fire.
1958 Norum Fire. This fire burned in the foothills north of Monrovia, Duarte, Bradbury and Azusa.

A total of 6,440 acres burned in the Norum Fire.
1980 Stable Fire. On November 16, 1980 a fire storm that had been fanned by Santa Ana Wind conditions swept down from the foothills and destroyed 35 homes in the City of Duarte and 14 homes in the City of Bradbury. Reports indicated that the fire had moved from the City of Azusa, east of the San Gabriel River to the Duarte and Bradbury homes in 8 to 10 minutes, due to a strong shift in winds. Immediately after the fire, city and county personnel began taking measures to deal with the devastation. A Disaster Assistance Center was established at Duarte City Hall and federal and state agencies were contacted for help. The Los Angeles County Fire District set up a mobile command center and the City of Duarte set up an emergency shelter. In the weeks that followed the fire, the City established several programs to deal with possible floods and mudslides that could occur due to the bare slopes where all vegetation had been burned off. Mud diversion structures were constructed, sandbags were distributed, and parking was restricted on streets with potential slides.
2009 Station Fire. Since the Stable Fire other large wildland fires have occurred in the surrounding communities near Bradbury. The largest being the Station Fire of 2009. The Station Fire was the 10th largest wildfire in California history, burning 160,577 acres and killing two firefighters since it began in late August. The fire started in the Angeles National Forest near the U.S. Forest Service ranger station on the Angeles Crest Highway (State Highway 2). The blaze threatened 12,000 structures in the National Forest and the nearby communities of La Cañada Flintridge, Glendale, Acton, La Crescenta, Littlerock, Pasadena and Altadena, as well as the Sunland and Tujunga neighborhoods of the City of Los Angeles. The fire was predicted to burn for months and travel miles to the City of Azusa behind the City of Bradbury. The Station Fire burned on the slopes of Mount Wilson, threatening numerous television, radio and cellular telephone antennas on the summit, as well as the Mount Wilson Observatory, which includes several historically significant telescopes and multi-million-dollar astronomical facilities operated by UCLA, USC, UC Berkeley and Georgia State University. In October 2009, the fire went out due to a fall rainstorm.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 20
Historic Wildfires near the City of Bradbury
Areas bordering the City are highly prone to wildfires and, therefore, the City is exposed to a threat from wildfires originating outside the city limits. Below are descriptions of two of the most recent notable fires outside the City. A list of additional fires within five miles of the City can be found in the CWPP.
2016 San Gabriel Complex Fire. The most recent wildfire outbreak closest to Bradbury was the San Gabriel Complex Fire which ignited the morning of June 20, 2016. The San Gabriel Complex Fire consisted of two fires, the Reservoir Fire and the Fish Fire. Both fires originated northeast of the city limits. The cause of the Reservoir Fire was due to a vehicle crash while the cause of the Fish Fire is still under investigation. The fires were burning fuel that was 7-10 years old with 6 to 8-foot tall chaparral and large grass crops. At the height of the fire, 1,376 homes were evacuated.

The American Red Cross established an Evacuation Center and 1,460 staff from multiple local, state, and federal agencies worked to protect property and suppress the fire. Road closures were in place and law enforcement patrolled for security while firefighters worked through the night to contain the fire. Although the San Gabriel Complex Fire threatened homes in the City, no property damage was reported.
2020 Bobcat Fire. The Bobcat Fire started on September 6, 2020. By December 18, it was fully contained and had burned 115,796 acres in the central San Gabriel Mountains, in and around the Angeles National Forest. It is one of the largest fires on record in Los Angeles County to date.

The fire triggered mandatory evacuation orders in parts of Arcadia and Camp Williams. The cause is still under investigation but is thought to be due to a power line conductor torching overhead trees. The fire initially spread southward which prompted evacuation orders for residents in Sierra Madre, Monrovia, Bradbury, and Duarte, along with evacuation warnings for those in Arcadia, Pasadena, and Altadena. The fire then grew westward and threatened the Mount Wilson Observatory by September 15, approaching within 500 feet of the observatory as firefighters worked to protect the structure. By September 17, the fire rapidly expanded to the north into Pleasant View Ridge Wilderness due to moderate coastal winds, leading to mandatory evacuations in Antelope Valley as the fire approached Juniper Hills. Containment difficulties were exacerbated by very dry vegetation and rugged topography that made it difficult to access. An estimated 6,000 structures were threatened and there were six injuries. The fire destroyed 27 residences and damaged 28 others. It also destroyed 83 structures and damaged 19 others. Two hundred forty personnel were deployed.

Flood Hazards The potential for flooding is generally described in terms of a statistically projected frequency. For example, a 100-year flood has a 1.0 percent chance of occurring in a given year, while a 500-year flood is one which has a 0.2 percent chance of happening in any given year. A 500-year flood would be slightly deeper and cover a greater area than a 100-year flood. The San Gabriel River lies east of the City of Bradbury, and it is designed to contain a 100- year flood. The river is fully operational and is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Los Angeles County Flood Control District. The construction of San Gabriel River improvements in 1947 reduced the local area's risk of flooding. Los Angeles County Drainage Area studies performed by the Army Corps of Engineers have shown no deficiencies along the San Gabriel River. The elevated nature of the City removes Bradbury from flood danger from the San Gabriel River.

The San Gabriel River is the central backbone of the San Gabriel River Watershed. The City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 21
watershed for the San Gabriel River is one of several coastal watersheds in Southern California that drain hundreds of square miles of mountainous and urban lands to the Pacific Ocean. The character of the river changes dramatically along its 58-mile journey from Cogswell Dam (near the headwaters in San Gabriel Mountains) to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean. On its run to the sea, the San Gabriel River passes through 19 different cities. A network of dams and flood control measures controls the San Gabriel River. The natural water cycle and flow are significantly altered to protect adjacent communities from flood damage and to better use local water resources for urban and agricultural water supplies.

Serious flooding has not been a problem in Bradbury because the low density residential development has permitted the retention of natural ground cover which retards serious floods. In addition to the natural ground cover, the Bradbury Debris Basin and the Spinks Debris Basin and check dams, maintained by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District, also provide the City with protection from large scale floods. A series of concrete lined channels and underground storm drains exist within and around the perimeter of the City. These backbone storm drain facilities are maintained by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District. The City’s large agriculturally zoned and developed parcels either retain surface run-off on-site or it is directed to the public facilities by a system of privately owned and maintained drainage swales. Minor occurrences concerning water runoff occurred in the past during extremely wet years, however privately owned improvements have been made to rectify the local flooding issues. These minor flooding problems tend to be localized and primarily relate to very small mudslides and small erosion problems in areas where the natural topography had been altered.

Much of the soil in Bradbury Canyon is of an alluvium base material and it is susceptible to runoff problems if the natural ground cover has been removed and not replaced with landscaping or other mitigating measures. The City maintains a policy of investigating any localized runoff or mudslide problems through the assistance of the City Engineer and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works.

Since the City of Bradbury has not been studied by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to ascertain flood hazards, it is difficult to estimate if there is an area that might be at risk of flooding. The City’s history does not contain any reports of catastrophic flooding that would endanger resident’s health or safety. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) designated Bradbury as “Zone D” which means that no analysis of flood hazards has been conducted.

Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements do not apply, but coverage is available.

Geologic Hazards The City of Bradbury is situated along the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, west of the San Gabriel River as reflected on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2. Geographically, the San Gabriel Mountain Range is made up of two roughly parallel ranges. The northern, inland range extends from Mt. Gleason eastward past the 9,000-ft. summit of Mt. Waterman and BadenPowell and terminates near the only summit over 10,000-ft. (Mt. San Antonio or Old Mt. Baldy).

The range’s major watershed is the San Gabriel River who’s three main forks and countless tributaries drain approximately 20 percent of the precipitation in the mountains.

There are geologic conditions within and around the City of Bradbury that could cause problems if proper precautions are not taken. The northern mountainous areas of the City are generally too steep and bedrock is too unstable for typical construction. Erosion, landslides and ground shaking from earthquakes can be severe hazards within these areas. Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 identifies the portions of the City of Bradbury that are susceptible to landslide and liquefaction.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 22
Landslides Geologic hazards in the City of Bradbury include the potential for landslides, erosion, and debris flow and liquefaction in areas with loose soils and high water tables. Landslide hazards may involve relatively intact, dense bedrock materials or highly fractured and broken, jumbled bedrock. Landslides often occur along pre-existing zones of weakness within the bedrock. Local folding of the bedrock adds to the potential for slope failure. However, many landslides do not seem to be controlled by the position of the bedding rock relative to the topography but by other factors such as rock type and its attendant characteristics (density of jointing and fracturing). Landslides have been known to occur in the northern steep sections of the City. Other areas of the City may experience landslides should conditions change that adversely affect slope stability.

Erosion Erosion is the natural process by which earth materials are loosened, worn away, decomposed, or dissolved, and transported to another site. Precipitation, runoff, running water, and wind are common agents of erosion. The potential for erosion is generally low in exposed natural slopes but it greatly increases when slopes have been denuded of all ground cover and vegetation. Barren slopes are more susceptible to erosion and subject to riling or raveling.

The potential for debris flow depends primarily on the presence of Colluvium deposits upstream and the increase in soil moisture due to heavy rainfall. A debris flow is a fast moving, liquefied landslide of unconsolidated, saturated debris that looks like flowing concrete. It is differentiated from a mudflow in terms of the viscosity and textural properties of the flow. Flows can carry material ranging in size from small stones to large boulders. Often debris flows contain large amounts of woody debris such as logs and tree stumps. The soil known as Colluvium is loose bodies of sediment that have been deposited or built up at the bottom of a low-grade slope or against a barrier. The deposits that collect at the foot of a steep slope or cliff are also known by the same name. The Bradbury and Spinks Canyon Debris Basins control debris flows.

Seismic Hazards The U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) is responsible for providing scientific information regarding natural hazards and disasters within the United States in order to protect and save lives. Geologic events and seismic activity in particular, are the primary natural hazards of the community. Earthquakes are caused by violent and abrupt releases of strain built up along faults. When a fault ruptures, energy is released in all directions from the source, or epicenter, in the form of seismic waves. Earthquakes generate two types of hazards. Primary hazards are ground shaking and surface rupture along faults. Secondary hazards result from the interaction of ground shaking with existing ground instabilities and include: liquefaction, settlement, and landslides.

The City of Bradbury is located in a seismically active region and in an area of potential fault rupture, strong ground shaking, and slope instability. These geologic and seismic hazards can affect the integrity of structures and utilities, and in turn can cause severe property damage and potential loss of life. In California, faults are common, ranging from small breaks of an inch or less, to the significant breaks experienced along the San Andreas Fault which extends for hundreds of miles. In addition to size, the age of a fault has a direct bearing on the likelihood of generating an earthquake. Many large faults have not moved for millions of years and are considered “dead” or inactive.

The two principal seismic considerations for most cities in Southern California are damage to City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 23
structures due to seismically induced ground shaking and surface rupture along active fault traces. Strong ground motions could have a major impact on the City of Bradbury due to the proximity and earthquake potential of nearby active faults. The local geologic and topographic conditions of Bradbury’s location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains could either amplify or attenuate the seismic waves. Surface ruptures could also have a major impact on the City of Bradbury. Surface ruptures occur during an earthquake when movement along an active fault breaks the ground surface.

The City of Bradbury contains two earthquake faults (Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3). The Sierra Madre Fault extends through the major portion of the Bradbury along the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. The Duarte Fault extends across the southern portion of Bradbury and bisects an unincorporated County island. The Duarte fault is actually a “segment” of the Sierra Madre Fault.

Movement along these frontal faults has resulted in the uplift of the San Gabriel Mountains.

Seismic activity is expected to be a maximum of 7.2 magnitude.

The Sierra Madre-Cucamonga Fault Zone includes several fault segments extending for over 86 miles along the southern margin of the San Gabriel Mountains. The two main portions of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga Fault Zone include the Sierra Madre fault to the west and the Cucamonga fault to the east. The fault zone is inclined to the north, dipping below the San Gabriel Mountains and uplifting them above the Los Angeles Basin. The fault zone was responsible for the 1971 6.6 magnitude San Fernando earthquake on its westernmost segment near the City of Sylmar. The Sierra Madre fault passes through the northern portions of Pasadena, Arcadia, Monrovia, Bradbury, Duarte, Azusa, and portions of San Dimas. The locations of the regional faults are shown in H-S Exhibit Safety No. 2.

The Sierra Madre fault zone is divided into five main segments, labeled with the letters A through E, to more easily characterize this fairly complex system. It was not the fault responsible for the 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 24
Source: California Institute of Technology, SCEC, 02/07/2012 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2

REGIONAL FAULT SEGMENTS
The most recent surface ruptures are seen on the B and D segments. The least active segment, is the A segment, also known as the Vasquez Creek fault, which runs between the San Gabriel fault and the intersection of the B and C segments of the Sierra Madre fault zone. At the junction of the C and D segments, the Clamshell - Sawpit Canyon fault splays off from the fault zone, toward the northeast (shown in sea green on the map above). It was this fault, not the Sierra Madre fault zone itself, that ruptured to produce the Sierra Madre earthquake of 1991.

One of the strands that make up segment D is known as the Duarte fault, because of its location near that community. Segment E represents the easternmost part of this fault zone, and at its eastern end, it meets up with several other faults in a complex zone northwest of the City of Upland, near the epicenter of the 1990 Upland earthquake. The general trend of the Sierra Madre fault zone continues eastward from this point along the base of the San Gabriel Mountains, but this eastern continuation is known as the Cucamonga fault zone. The Cucamonga fault zone seems to be more active, (has a higher slip rate) than the Sierra Madre fault zone.

Faults are continuously being found by geologists/seismologists within the region. These scientists have identified almost 100 faults in the Los Angeles area that are suspected of being capable of generating earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater. Included within the newly discovered faults are faults classified as “blind thrusts.” These faults do not reach the ground City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 25
surface but do connect many of the known surficial faults at depth and under virtually the entire Los Angeles, San Fernando, and San Gabriel Basins. When a fault ruptures, energy spreads in the form of seismic waves. Seismic waves travel through the earth’s crust and eventually reach the ground interface creating surface waves which cause the ground to vibrate up and down and side to side. The City of Bradbury may experience some or all of the hazards associated with seismic waves including ground rupture, ground shaking, landslides, flooding, and liquefaction.

Ground Rupture represents the primary hazard associated with earthquakes since it is the initial result of seismic events. Surface rupture poses a difficult seismic problem from an engineering standpoint because it is far more expensive and complicated to design a foundation and structure to withstand the displacement of even fractions of a foot than to build without consideration of ground rupture. Such ground fractures can cause parallel displacement in the foundation, causing buildings to crack and split. Development should be avoided in areas of high fault potential.

Ground Shaking The most significant earthquake action in terms of structural damage and loss of life is ground shaking. Ground shaking is the movement of the earth’s surface in response to a seismic event. The intensity of the ground shaking and the resultant damages are determined by the magnitude of the earthquake, distance from the epicenter and characteristics of surface geology. This hazard is the primary cause of the collapse of buildings and other structures.

Increased hazards from earthquakes occur when the seismic activity occurs in a highly urbanized area. The significance of an earthquake’s ground shaking action is directly related to the density and type of buildings and the number of people exposed to its effect.

Liquefaction is a phenomenon involving the loss of shear strength of soil. Liquefaction involves a sudden loss in strength of saturated, cohesion soil (mostly sand) which is caused by shock or strain, such as generated by an earthquake and results in temporary transformation of the soil to fluid mass. If the liquefying layer is near the surface the effects are much like that of quicksand on any structure located on it. If the layer is in the subsurface, it may provide a sliding surface for the material above it.

Liquefaction typically occurs in areas where the groundwater surface is less than 30 feet below the ground surface and where the soils are composed of soft fine sand. There are several liquefaction zones located in the northern and eastern portions of the City of Bradbury. During and after a severe rain event, liquefaction could occur should a moderate severe earthquake take place.

Although, Bradbury has not experienced measurable ground failure due to an earthquake in recent years, the potential for damage due to ground failure is still present. Past seismic events indicate that the City of Bradbury has been free of major damaging earthquakes for at least 130 years. However, a number of historic earthquakes have affected the City in varying degrees from nonstructural damage (toppling of building contents) to minor structural damage (cracks in swimming pools).

A major earthquake occurring in or near Bradbury may cause injuries and even death, extensive property damage, fire, hazardous spills and other hazardous effects that could be aggravated by aftershocks and by the secondary effects of fire, hazardous materials/chemicals accidents and possible failure of waterways and dams.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 26
Seiches, or periodic oscillations (“sloshing”) of bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, and bays, usually occur in moderate to great earthquakes. Seiches may raise and lower a water surface from a few inches to several feet, and may occur several thousand miles away from the earthquake epicenter.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 27
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 BRADBURY SEISMIC HAZARD ZONE MAP City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 28
Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plan
The two existing emergency response plans, the County of Los Angeles All-Hazards Mitigation Plan and the Los Angeles County Operational Area Emergency Response Plan (OAERP), provide the tools to coordinate the disaster recovery operations of County fire control and law enforcement agencies with local agencies and governments. The City currently has a number of ordinances, programs and requirements in existence pertaining to seismic and fire hazards. Primary among these are the subdivision and building permit approval requirements for seismic strengthening and adequate access. The State Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) has established three levels of emergency response to peacetime emergencies, which are based on the severity of the situation and the availability of local resources in responding to that emergency. The three levels of emergency response include:
• Level 1: A minor-to-moderate incident wherein local resources are adequate in dealing with the current emergency.
• Level 2: A moderate-to-severe emergency where local resources are not adequate in dealing with the emergency and mutual aid assistance would be required on a regional or statewide basis.
• Level 3: A major disaster where local resources are overwhelmed by the magnitude of the disaster and state and federal assistance are required.

Each potential hazard to the public safety has been assessed according to the following levels of risk:
• Low Risk: The level of risk below which no specific action is deemed necessary.

The occurrence of a specific event is unlikely.
• Medium Risk: The level of risk above which specific action is required to protect life and property, though the probability of the event taking place is low to moderate.
• High Risk: Risk levels are significant and occurrence of a particular emergency situation is highly probable or inevitable.

The scope or risk refers to the geographic area that could be potentially affected with the occurrence of one of the hazards. The scope of risk includes three levels:
• Local: The affected geographic area that is directly affected is localized or site specific.
• Citywide: The affected area includes a significant portion or all of the City. • Regional: The affected area includes the entire City as well as the surrounding region.

The low-density character of Bradbury has been mentioned as a positive factor in terms of general safety. Any incremental intensification of existing residential uses may, to some degree, increase susceptibility to fire and/or seismic events. The expansion of urban uses is preceded by, or accomplished in conjunction with, the expansion of infrastructure, and the provision of a wide range of vital services and facilities. Future development plans and proposals for all property located within the City, including the 302 acres of privately owned undeveloped hillside open space, will be scrutinized for compliance with the City’s Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plans and to minimize exposure to hazards.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 29
Police Services. Police protection is provided by the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department (LACSD). The City maintains a contract with the Sheriff’s Department law enforcement services.

Although the City contracts for a minimum level of service, in times of emergency the Sheriff dedicates all available personnel and equipment to address the community’s needs.

The Duarte Satellite Sub-Station is the launching center for 30 police officers. These officers are responsible for providing police services to the City of Duarte, the City of Bradbury and surrounding unincorporated areas. The Satellite Sub-Station does not have dispatch or booking facilities. The Temple City Sherriff’s Station is the base of operations location for the region.

Dispatch and booking facilities are located there.

Fire Services. Fire protection / emergency medical services are provided to the City by the Los Angeles County Consolidated Fire Protection District (CFPD). The closest fire station, Station 44, is located at 1105 Highland Avenue in the City of Duarte. The station is staffed with at least seven firefighters 24 hours a day. The equipment includes two fire trucks, one patrol vehicle and one water tender. Backup paramedic assistance is provided by Station 29 which is located in the City of Baldwin Park and Station 32 which is located in the City of Azusa. The City of Monrovia Fire Department offers additional mutual aid when necessary and requested by the County. Los Angeles County Fire also provides hazardous material services. The U.S. Forest Service in San Dimas provides wildfire service in the Angeles National Forest.

Medical Services. Emergency medical services are available throughout Los Angeles County.

Acute care facilities near Bradbury include Methodist Hospital in Arcadia, Huntington Hospital in Pasadena, City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Kaiser-Permanente Foundation Hospital in Baldwin Park and Foothill Presbyterian Hospital in Glendora.

Peakload Water Supply
Peakload water supply is defined as the supply of water available to meet both domestic water and firefighting needs during the particular season and time of day when domestic water demand on a water system is at its peak. California American Water provides potable water to the City of Bradbury. Potable water is provided from ten (10) wells located in and around Bradbury.

Storage of potable water in the Duarte service area (which includes the City of Bradbury) is provided by eight (8) reservoirs of which four (4) are located within Bradbury. The total storage capacity is 11.5 million gallons, which is the equivalent of about 175% of an average day’s demand. All of the reservoirs are covered to reduce evaporation.

California American Water is seeking the State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Drinking Water approval to operate the new Live Oak Well and Reservoir located on Arrow Highway in the Duarte service area. It is anticipated that the new facilities will be online by the end of 2023.

Peakload water supply on August 11, 2005 was 19.5 million gallons. Peakload water demand is always highest during the hot summer months. The maximum day demand (MDD) over the last 20 years has been 12.9 million gallons. Design capacity is based on the peak demand periods.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 30
Hazard Mitigation Plan
The City of Bradbury adopted the updated Hazard Mitigation Plan on February 21, 2019 by City Council Resolution No. 19-03. The updated plan fulfills the City’s obligation pursuant to the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. The plan adoption and update process involved the participation of all City departments and interested City residents. Furthermore, the Community Wildfire Protection Plan was annexed into the Hazard Mitigation Plan on August 16, 2022.

The Hazard Mitigation Plan includes the following mitigation goals:

Protect Life and Property
• Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses, infrastructure, critical facilities, and other property more resistant to losses from natural hazards.
• Improve hazard assessment information to make recommendations for avoiding new development in high hazard areas and encouraging preventative measures for existing development in areas vulnerable to natural hazards.

Enhance Public Awareness
• Develop and implement education and outreach programs to increase public awareness of the risks associated with natural hazards.
• Provide information on tools, partnership opportunities, and funding resources to assist in implementing mitigation activities.

Preserve Natural Systems
• Support management and land use planning practices with hazard mitigation to protect life.
• Preserve, rehabilitate, and enhance natural systems to serve natural hazard mitigation functions.

Encourage Partnerships and Implementation
• Strengthen communication and coordinate participation with public agencies, citizens, non-profit organizations, business, and industry to support implementation. • Encourage leadership within the City and public organizations to prioritize and implement local and regional hazard mitigation activities.

Strengthen Emergency Services
• Establish policy to ensure mitigation projects for critical facilities, services, and infrastructure.
• Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination among public agencies, non-profit organizations, business, and industry. • Coordinate and integrate natural hazard mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operations plans and procedures.

Hazard mitigation is the responsibility of the City; however, the following agencies provide support and assistance with preparedness, response, recovery, and administration of funding efforts. • Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) – responsible for disaster mitigation, City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 31
preparedness, response, recovery, and the administration of federal funds after a major disaster declaration.
• Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) – gathers information on earthquakes and releases information to the public to increase earthquake awareness, reduce economic losses, and save lives.
• California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF or CAL FIRE) – responsible for all aspects of wildland fire protection on private and state-owned land. CDF or CAL FIRE administers forest preservation regulations, including landslide mitigation, on nonfederally owned land. • California Division of Mines and Geology (DMG) – responsible for geologic hazard characterization, public education, and reduction of risk of tsunami inundation. • California Division of Water Resources (DWR) – plans, designs, constructs, operates, and maintains the State Water Project, regulates dams, provides flood protection, and assists in emergency management.

Hazardous Waste and Materials Management Program The LACoFD Health Hazardous Materials Division administers the Unified Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials Management Regulatory Program for the City of Bradbury. The Unified Program consolidates, coordinates, and makes consistent the following hazardous materials and hazardous waste programs (Program Elements):
• Hazardous Waste Generation (including on-site treatment under Tiered Permitting). • Above ground Petroleum Storage Tanks (only the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan of “SPCC”).
• Underground Storage Tanks (UST).
• Hazardous Material Release Response Plans and Inventories. • California Accidental Release Prevention Program (Cal ARP) and Uniform Fire Code Hazardous Material Management Plans and Inventories.

Emergency Preparedness
Bradbury’s location in Southern California and in the San Gabriel Valley makes it susceptible to a number of natural disasters and other emergencies. As such, the City Council appointed a Public Safety Committee – a five-member advisory body to the Bradbury City Council to help prepare the community. Committee members serve as a communication link between the community, City Council and staff regarding issues pertaining to emergency preparedness. Committee members are hands-on volunteers who assist in the emergency operations and with the emergency related programs and services offered to the community.

The specific and primary purpose of the Public Safety Committee is to:

A. Assess and define emergency needs;
B. Locate and publicize available resources;
C. Conduct exercises, manage responses and oversee simulated, actual or impending emergencies when called upon to do so by the Mayor, Mayor Pro-Tem or City Manager.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 32
Committee members serve for a term of four years, beginning July 1st and ending June 30th, and are eligible upon request to serve one additional consecutive term for a total of eight years.

Most committee members are CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) trained. These volunteers are educated about disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact the area and in basic disaster response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations. CERT members can assist others in their neighborhood or workplace following an event when professional responders are not immediately available to help.

Additionally, the City of Bradbury has implemented the Connect-CTY service to provide the City the ability to communicate with residents regarding time-sensitive matters, such as unforeseen events or emergencies.

With the Connect-CTY system, the City can quickly contact residents by telephone, cell phone, text message or e-mail regarding urgent and important information. For example, in the event of an emergency, the City can quickly let residents know what to do or where to go for services.

Only authorized City officials are allowed to send messages. Other non-emergency messages can be sent by e-mail regarding upcoming meetings, events or workshops.

Disaster Area Management. During World War II, the National Civic Defense Program was activated. The Los Angeles County and the local military authorities quickly recognized that the size and complexity of the county would require a unique management structure to effectively coordinate war-related activities amongst the county, cities, private sector and other agencies. Civil Defense Areas were formed and each area was supervised by an Area Coordinator. After the war, Civil Defense transformed into Disaster Management with an emphasis on planning, training, exercising and public education for earthquakes, fires, floods, severe weather events and epidemics. The City of Bradbury resides in the “Area D” area of responsibility. Other cities in “Area D” include Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, City of Industry, Claremont, Covina, Diamond Bar, Duarte, El Monte, Glendora, Irwindale, La Puente, La Verne, Monrovia, Pomona, Rosemead, West Covina, Temple City, Walnut, South El Monte, Sierra Madre, and San Dimas. There are eight Disaster Management Areas; each has a coordinator, to work with cities and partner agencies to assist their emergency management activities and to act as a liaison between local government and county, state and federal agencies.

City Staff meets with cities within this area of responsibility once a month to discuss topics such as federal reporting and reimbursement after a disaster, incident command, working with minorities, the disabled and the underserved community, public relations and emergency evacuation. The City also participates in a monthly county-wide radio checks with “Area D” Coordinators.

Alert LA County. Alert LA County is an emergency mass notification system established by Los Angeles County to contact County residents and businesses via recorded phone messages, text messages or e-mail messages in case of emergencies. The system will be used by the County’s Emergency Operations Center to notify residents and businesses of emergencies or critical situations and provide information regarding necessary actions, such as evacuations. The system uses the telephone companies’ 911 database and is able to contact land-line telephone numbers, whether listed or unlisted. If the call is picked up by an answering machine, the system will leave a recorded message. If the number called is busy or does not answer, the system will redial the number in an attempt to deliver the message. The system is also TTY/TDD compatible.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 33
Alert LA County uses 911 databases; therefore, only land-line numbers are automatically included in the system. To be notified at a cellular phone or receive an e-mail notification, a person must register the cellular phone number and/or e-mail address. Each cellular number and/or e-mail address can only be associated with one street address in the system. The registered telephone number and e-mail address will be contacted only when the street address it is associated with is impacted by a disaster or emergency.

Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP). The purpose of Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP) is to facilitate the planning and implementation of disaster response by first-responder agencies to Specific Needs persons living in the County of Los Angeles. The registry is a project of the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management in cooperation with other cities and agencies in the Los Angeles County disaster response operational area.

If a person living in Los Angeles County has any of the following conditions which might impede their abilities to evacuate a building, travel to or stay safely in an emergency evacuation center, or to securely shelter in place without assistance, they should enroll in the program:
• Physical disabilities
• Cardiac and/or respiratory circumstances
• Developmental disabilities
• Emotional or psychiatric disabilities
• Deafness or hearing loss
• Blindness or severe vision loss
• Speech impairments
• Short-term disabilities
• Reliance on technologies that use electricity
• Using medications
• Participation in a home delivery program
• Need specialized paratransit vehicles
• Experience seizures
• Immune system deficiencies
• Communicable diseases
Should a disaster strike in the area, this registry will be used to enhance the efficiency of those agencies called upon to respond, including the Los Angeles County Sherriff’s Department (LACoSD) and LACoFD.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 34
Evacuation Routes and Reception Centers
Emergency preparedness includes the designation of evacuation routes and emergency facilities.

The following facilities are delineated in Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 and the following rules apply:

Primary Evacuation Routes. The roads are to be kept open at all times. In the event of temporary closure due to maintenance and/or construction, LACoFD is to be notified.

Reception Centers. The Bradbury Civic Center (600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008) and the City of Duarte Community Center (1600 Huntington Drive, Duarte, CA 91010) will serve as Reception Centers for disseminating information, collection points, distribution centers, etc.

Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The Bradbury Civic Center will serve as the local EOC, the alternate site is City of Duarte Community Center until which time the County of Los Angeles designates another local facility.

Critical Facilities. Certain public facilities require special consideration because of the number of persons located in the facility at any one-time. Only one critical facility is located within the City (Royal Oaks Elementary School). Royal Oaks (a senior assisted living facility) is located adjacent to the City in the County unincorporated area.

Residential Developments. The City prepared an analysis consistent with SB 99 to identify residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. The analysis identified one area of concern in the southeast corner of the City with limited emergency access points that warrants further study. The City will continue to coordinate with LACoFD and LACSD to ensure adequate exit strategies are available for all residential developments. For all new developments, roadways are to be a minimum 20 feet wide and will include emergency turnarounds with minimum dimensions established in coordination with LACoFD. A White Paper describing the methodology used to map the evacuation routes is included as Appendix H-S B to the Safety Chapter.

The evacuation routes in the City and those facilities that will serve as collection/information centers are located on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4. The Emergency Evacuation Plan does not apply to normal day-to-day emergencies and the well-established and routine procedures used in coping with such emergencies. In the event of a serious hazard which would require the evacuation of Bradbury residents, the following streets would be used as primary evacuation routes:
• Mount Olive Drive.
• Woodlyn Lane (gates will be opened to permit exiting at Royal Oaks Drive, North). The access gate located near Mount Olive Drive will be used by “First Responders” to gain access to the Woodlyn Lane neighborhood.
• Deodar Lane (gates at Wild Rose, Barranca, and Woodlyn Lane) will be opened to permit exiting from the Bradbury Estates neighborhood.
• Winston Avenue and the Lemon Avenue access to the Flood Control Channel will be used as access points for “First Responders.”
Evacuation will be handled by Los Angeles County safety personnel under contract to the City (i.e. Fire, Sheriff, etc.). In a major disaster, mutual aid sources in adjacent jurisdictions are likely City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 35
to be fully committed to their own needs, and there may be substantial delays in the request and transport of assistance from more distant locations. Ingress to and egress from the City is likely to be inhibited by damage caused by the disaster and related congestion. Effective disaster preparedness will require the concerted efforts of City personnel, contracted first responders and residents. Not only must effective plans and procedures be in effect, but those plans should be tested and improved through disaster preparedness exercises.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 36
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 EMERGENCY ACCESS AND EVACUATION PLAN City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 37
Climate Change and Resiliency Planning
As a result of climate change, Bradbury, like other cities in California, may experience more frequent and intense heat waves, drought, wildfires, flooding, and more severe storms and extreme weather events. The impacts of climate change pose an increasing and growing challenge to the safety and well-being of Bradbury’s residents. SB 379 is a state law requiring the City to update the Health and Safety Element to address climate change adaptation and resiliency strategies applicable to Bradbury. A Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) has been prepared to identify risks that climate change poses to the City and is attached as Appendix H-S A. Relevant goals, policies, objectives, and actions informed by the CVA have been added to the Health and Safety Element, and a high-level overview of the findings is provided below. • Wildland fires represent the threat most likely to affect Bradbury as a result of climate change.

While most likely to ignite within the CAL FIRE designated FHSZs, the effects of wildfire can adversely impact larger areas, cascading out towards the entirety of Bradbury and the surrounding cities, with smoke, ash, and poor air quality. • The most vulnerable populations are those living in or adjacent to VHFHSZs within the City.

Other vulnerable populations include seniors and people with pre-existing health conditions such as asthma.
• The most vulnerable natural areas are the sensitive hillside areas (and wildlife within these environments) located in the northern portion of the City, which are within the VHFHSZ. This largely undeveloped area contains the most open space and natural landscape in the City and consists of high amounts of often dry foliage that is highly susceptible to fires. As prolonged dry spells are predicted to lengthen, plants, animals, and habitats that receive less and less water are more likely to burn from wildfire, leave the area, or die out from lack of resources. • The most vulnerable infrastructure is power and energy infrastructure, as well as homes within and bordering the VHFHSZs. Extreme weather and heat conditions can increase the risk of fires, which can lead to the destruction of energy infrastructure such as power lines that are in more remote (and more fire prone) areas. Since energy grids are interconnected and provide energy throughout the region, large parts of the Southern California population are expected to be impacted by distant fires or power outages. • Regional drought is also a key hazard to Bradbury as the City is served entirely by groundwater sources from the main San Gabriel Basin. Drought may also result in increased tree mortality, which contributes to higher fuel loading and wildfire size and severity. As expected with climate change, droughts are anticipated to increase both in frequency and intensity.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 38
Safety Goals, Objectives, Policies and Action Programs
Safety Goals:

Safety Goal 1. To protect the citizens, their property and public facilities from natural and human-caused hazards.

Safety Goal 2. To establish, maintain, and develop awareness on the part of all residents of Bradbury as to how to react and protect themselves and each other in the event of a natural or humancaused hazard or disaster.

Safety Goal 3. To achieve a greater sense of citizen satisfaction with the safety services within the community, through constantly monitoring the effective and efficient staffing of safety service personnel.

Safety Goal 4. To minimize the risk to persons and property due to seismic activity.

Safety Goal 5. To minimize the risk to lives and property due to fire hazards.

Safety Goal 6. To minimize the risk to persons and property due to the use and storage of hazardous materials.

Safety Goal 7. Protect the community from floods and landslides.

Safety Goal 8. Assure that existing and new development addresses fire protection in a proactive and preventative way.

Safety Goal 9. Prevent or minimize personal injury, loss of life, and property damage due to climate hazards and climate-induced secondary impacts.

Safety Objectives:

Safety Objective 1. Prepare the community for expected or unexpected disasters resulting from natural or human causes.

Safety Objective 2. Prepare the residents of Bradbury to be aware of potential hazards and disasters and to be prepared to be self-reliant for at least seven days in the event of a disaster.

Safety Objective 3. Communicate with Bradbury residents through all available media, that safety personnel are properly trained to provide assistance in the event of a disaster.

Safety Objective 4. Implement the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan in a timely manner.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 39
Safety Objective 5. Reduce the possibility of hazardous materials becoming a health and safety issue within the community.

Safety Objective 6. Assure that potential flooding and landslide hazards are reviewed during new development.

Safety Objective 7. Ensure that adequate service levels of fire protection are maintained in the City.

Safety Objective 8. Promote a well-prepared City that can effectively overcome natural disasters and scarcity of resources due to climate change.

Safety Objective 9. Demonstrate leadership in local climate planning efforts through a range of tangible policies and actions at the municipal operations level.

Safety Policies:

Safety Policy 1. Coordinate with LACoFD to proactively develop ongoing emergency services training to stay current with best practices and support community programs that train volunteers to assist “First Responders” in the implementation of the Hazard
Mitigation Plan programs and Community Wildfire Protection Plan actions.

Safety Policy 2. Implement precautionary measures in high-risk areas to reduce injury and loss of property caused by natural or human-caused hazards.

Safety Policy 3. Review all development proposals for compliance with established hazard avoidance criteria.

Safety Policy 4. Provide adequate levels of service to ensure that the residents are protected to the best of the City’s ability from natural and human-caused disasters.

Safety Policy 5. Cooperate with federal, state and county agencies responsible for the enforcement of all health and safety laws and
regulations.

Safety Policy 6. Establish and maintain a variety of media sources to enable interactive safety awareness and preparedness educational opportunities for the residents.

Safety Policy 7. Obtain materials and support the dissemination of written information to all Bradbury households regarding minimizing or avoiding hazards within the home.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 40
Safety Policy 8. Provide opportunities to continually advise and update community residents regarding actions and activities they should engage in after a significant natural or human-caused disaster.

Safety Policy 9. Support continuing review and updating of the City’s Disaster Preparedness Program manual.

Safety Policy 10. Work closely with adjacent cities, county, state and federal agencies to inform, monitor and communicate the presence of wild animals.

Safety Policy 11. Maintain and evaluate the level of safety services available to the community.

Safety Policy 12. Regulate development in accordance with state statutes in areas prone to seismic hazards.

Safety Policy 13. Continue to support mutual aid / mutual assistance agreements between local, state, and federal firefighting agencies, including the California Master Mutual Aid Agreement.

Safety Policy 14. Require that all new development within Bradbury comply with local, state, and federal regulatory standards such as the California Building and Fire Codes as well as other applicable fire safety standards.

Safety Policy 15. Provide sufficient fire protection services, firefighting equipment, and firefighting personnel to adequately respond to fire hazards.

Safety Policy 16. Coordinate with the City’s water purveyor to ensure necessary water supply systems and fire flow for structural fire suppression are provided and maintained.

Safety Policy 17. Require adequate Fire Protection Plans and emergency vehicle access for new development in VHFHSZs.

Safety Policy 18. Coordinate with LACoFD to identify and incorporate fire resistive building and fire safe site design methods to prevent and minimize damage if new structures are proposed in
VHFHSZs on undeveloped land and/or when rebuilding after a fire.

Safety Policy 19. Consider fire safe design (i.e. fire-resistant building and site design, materials, and landscaping) for development within Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones as part of the
development review process.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 41
Safety Policy 20. Locate, when feasible, new essential public facilities and infrastructure outside of VHFHSZs, including but not limited to, hospitals and health care facilities, emergency shelters, emergency command centers, emergency communication
facilities, and utilities or identify construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if these facilities must be located in VHFHSZs.

Safety Policy 21. Work with LACoFD to identify and maintain fire hazard reduction projects, including community fire breaks and vegetation clearance around private and public roads.

Safety Policy 22. As part of the LACoFD review process, require ongoing brush management, fuel management/modification, defensible space, fire retardant landscaping, and other project design features for new development located in areas of or adjacent to the
VHFHSZs.

Safety Policy 23. Coordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards for evacuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If areas with inadequate access/evacuation routes are identified, develop appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, and educational programs to ensure safe evacuations.

Safety Policy 24. Provide access to potable water for emergency purposes.

Safety Policy 25. Regulate and monitor, to the extent possible, the delivery, use and storage of hazardous materials within the City.

Safety Policy 26. Require all existing and new development to install and maintain adequate smoke detection systems.

Safety Policy 27. Require all new development to install fire sprinkler systems.

Safety Policy 28. Require that all new development incorporate sufficient measures to mitigate flood and landslide hazards including but not limited to on-site drainage systems and grading of site to minimize stormwater runoff.

Safety Policy 29. Collaborate with local, regional, state and/or federal jurisdictions and agencies on climate resiliency and adaptation strategies.

Safety Policy 30. Reduce communitywide greenhouse gas emissions locally by actively supporting regional efforts to reduce greenhouse gases throughout the county.

Safety Policy 31. Monitor climate change-related effects with local, regional, state, and/or federal partners to provide information on effectiveness of existing infrastructure and programs.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 42
Safety Implementation Action Program:

The City of Bradbury intends to complete the following items which address the objectives and policies of the Safety Chapter of the General Plan:

Safety Action 1. Ensure that the Land Use Element recognizes and addresses seismic threats.

Safety Action 2. Promote public education about fire safety at home.

Safety Action 3. Promote public education about disaster preparedness, with an emphasis on protecting vulnerable and at-risk populations such as seniors and those with limited mobility.

Safety Action 4. Update the hillside development standards to include fire prevention design measures and specific LACoFD standards which will be required for new development.

Safety Action 5. Continue to make emergency and disaster preparedness a community priority.

Safety Action 6. Implement the City’s Emergency Operations Plan to ensure the most effective allocation of resources for protection of people and property in time of an emergency, and update and review the Plan annually.

Safety Action 7. City staff to continue to work with LACoFD on brush removal and weed abatement from April to June.

Safety Action 8. Conduct public outreach on wildfire prevention awareness.

Safety Action 9. Promote voluntary tree trimming and brush and weed abatement. If voluntary efforts are not effective, continue to enforce city-mandated tree trimming requirements and
coordinate with Code Enforcement on brush and weed
abatement when residents fail to mitigate their own fire hazards.

Safety Action 10. Maintain and update the Hazard Mitigation Plan for the City.

Safety Action 11. Continue support and participation with the Public Safety Committee.

Safety Action 12. Work with LACoFD to maintain and regularly update the City’s Fire Hazard Severity Zones Map (Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1) for changes in fire hazard severity zones consistent with changes in hazard designations by CAL FIRE.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 43
Safety Action 13. Work with LACoFD to maintain an ongoing fire inspection program to reduce fire hazards associated with multifamily development, critical facilities, public assembly facilities, industrial buildings, and nonresidential buildings.

Safety Action 14. For all new developments, roadways are to be a minimum 20 feet wide and shall include emergency turnarounds with
minimum dimensions established in coordination with LACoFD.

Safety Action 15. Require all new development in the City’s VHFHSZs to meet the most recent version of the California Fire Code and California Building Code. A Fire Protection Plan that describes project specific fuel modification shall be required.

Safety Action 16. Modify, as feasible, existing non-conforming development to contemporary fire safety standards, including road standards and vegetation standards.

Safety Action 17. Work with CAL FIRE, United States Forest Service, United States Geologic Service, and applicable nongovernmental agencies to create a plan to address post-fire recovery activities and projects that allow burned areas to fully recover and minimize repetitive losses and further damage.

Safety Action 18. Assess site constraints when considering land use designations near wildlands to avoid or minimize wildfire hazards as part of a land use update or amendment.

Safety Action 19. Locate, design and construct development to provide adequate defensibility and minimize the risk of structural loss from wildland fires.

Safety Action 20. Design development on hillsides and canyons to reduce the increased risk of fires from topography features (i.e. steep slopes, ridge saddles).

Safety Action 21. Require all streets, both public and private, to be marked and visible and all street addresses to be posted in plain view.

Safety Action 22. Implement necessary actions and programs to improve drought impact preparation.

Safety Action 23. Promote plans and programs that support sustainable energy sources.

Safety Action 24. Promote the use of sustainable and carbon-neutral energy sources in new development.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised-November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. 44
Safety Action 25. Explore using renewable energy and clean generation technologies such as solar, wind, biogas, or fuel cells to power city-owned and operated facilities where feasible.

EXHIBIT “B”
City of Bradbury
Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Appendix H-S A
Prepared by De Novo Planning Group
September 2023
City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
i
Table of Contents
A. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 What is a Climate Vulnerability Assessment?...........................................................................................1 Assessing Vulnerabilities...........................................................................................................................2 B. Climate Impacts and Vulnerability Assessment..................................................................................3 Methodology.............................................................................................................................................3 Impacts......................................................................................................................................................4 C. Key Findings........................................................................................................................................18 D. References..........................................................................................................................................19 Appendix A: Regulatory Setting.................................................................................................................21 State........................................................................................................................................................21 Local ........................................................................................................................................................28 List of Figures
Figure 1: Extreme Heat Days in Bradbury.....................................................................................................5 Figure 2: Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Bradbury ......................................................................14 List of Tables
Table 1: Average Number of Days Exceeding 98th Percentile Summertime (Apr-Oct) High-Heat Threshold ......................................................................................................................................................................6 Table 2: Maximum One-Day Precipitation....................................................................................................9 Table 3: Maximum Length of Dry Spell.......................................................................................................11 Table 4: Average Annual Area Burned........................................................................................................13 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
1 A. Introduction
Communities in California are increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, conducted in 2018, identifies the Los Angeles Region as especially vulnerable to human-induced impacts to the climate since approximately half the population of the state calls the region home.1 Climate change refers to changes in conditions that result from increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, which are linked to an increase in average global temperature. The increase in global temperature and GHG result in a series of changes to the global climate, including shifts in: seasonal temperature patterns; altered precipitation timing, volume, and location; sea-level rise; ocean acidification due to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption; and altered severe wind and storm event frequency, severity, and location. These outcomes interact, and the potential consequences may result not only in global climate shifts, but also changes to a variety of characteristics that define biophysical systems and human progress.

What is a Climate Vulnerability Assessment?
The purpose of a Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) is to inform City policies, plans, programs, and guidance to promote effective and integrated action to safeguard from climate change. In addition to increasing global average temperatures, climate change has the effect of intensifying the effects of many natural hazards, adding to concerns otherwise addressed in hazard mitigation planning. Climate change results in an increase in variance of climate patterns. The increase in variance means that extreme events may exhibit changes in frequency, severity, and location. The increased variance therefore creates challenges for hazard planning, which previously used historic recurrence rates to predict future events, and now must incorporate changes to frequency, severity, and location due to climate change influences.

Addressing Climate Change
Climate change can be viewed from two scales: global and local. Addressing climate change relies on two high-level approaches at both scales: mitigation and adaptation. Climate change mitigation involves the reduction of GHG emissions, whereas climate adaptation aims to reduce harm from the effects of a changing climate. At the global scale, mitigation appears as less dependency on fossil fuels and a shift towards renewable energy; at the local scale, mitigation appears as multi-modal and active transportation networks, for one example. At the global scale, climate adaptation can be seen as expanded emergency response teams and climate refugee aid. At the local scale, adaptation can be the preparation taken for inevitable climate-induced emergencies and the spin-off social impacts that could emerge from them.

Both approaches at both scales are necessary; however, this document focuses on identifying vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies on the local level within the City of Bradbury.

Regulatory Framework
There are currently numerous laws and regulations set in place in the State of California that are aimed at reducing the impacts of climate change hazards. For decades, California has continued to adopt, update, and amend Senate and Assembly Bills; create monitoring and mitigation programs; and fund state, regional, and local agencies to promote environmental preservation. A list of relevant bills and documents 1 California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, 2018. Accessed October 19, 2022. Available at https://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
2 adopted by the State, region, and City are included in Appendix A. While these documents create general goals and guidelines for the State to achieve and follow, each municipality is unique and therefore can best thrive and meet environmental regulations in its own unique way. The regulatory documents included in Appendix A provide a framework for the direction Bradbury should be headed, but it is up to the City to implement programs and designs to reduce the effects of climate change.

Assessing Vulnerabilities
The vulnerability that a community experiences as a result of climate change is a product of its biophysical setting in combination with the characteristics of the community, ranging from its built pattern to social, political, and economic characteristics. Put simply, the level of climate vulnerability can be calculated using the following formula:

Exposure + Sensitivity - Adaptive Capacity = Vulnerability Where:
• Exposure refers to the nature and degree to which a system or sub-population is exposed to significant climatic variations.
• Sensitivity refers to the degree to which a system or sub-population is affected by climaterelated stimuli. • Adaptive Capacity refers to the adaptability of a system or sub-population to adjust to climate change, to moderate potential damages, or to cope with the consequences.

Example:

It is 100 degrees Fahrenheit (exposure) on a playground at a Bradbury elementary school. Inside a classroom, Cindy is a student with a pre-existing condition (sensitivity) that leaves her at risk of hyperthermia; however, the classroom is air conditioned (adaptive capacity), so Cindy is able to continue learning with the rest of the students.

As shown by the example above, many factors are at play when determining the level of climate vulnerability. The California Adaptation Planning Guide identifies five steps in assessing the vulnerability of a community to climate change:

1. Exposure: What climate change effects will a community experience?

2. Sensitivity: What aspects of a community (people, structures, and functions) will be affected?

3. Potential impacts: How will climate change affect the points of sensitivity?

4. Adaptative capacity: What is currently being done to address the impacts?

5. Risk and onset: How likely are the impacts and how quickly do they occur? Not only do impacts vary, but vulnerability varies across specific areas and groups. For example, future climate changes, especially increases in extreme heat, are expected to disproportionately burden lowincome residents and communities of color across the region. The City of Bradbury is home to an array of people and not all residents are expected to be equally impacted. This CVA describes vulnerabilities in terms of social vulnerabilities and physical vulnerabilities. Social vulnerabilities examine how populations, City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
3 communities, and social systems are affected by climate change. Physical vulnerabilities examine how infrastructure, critical facilities, and land are affected by climate change.

B. Climate Impacts and Vulnerability Assessment
An assessment of a community’s vulnerability to climate change begins with an understanding of local exposure to climate impacts. In addition, a primary objective of this document is to identify geographic areas, populations, and infrastructure in Bradbury with heightened risk to projected climate impacts. This section first describes the methodology used to obtain climate impact projections, then highlights each major impact projected in Bradbury and focuses on the following questions:
• What is the hazard?
• What is the local exposure?
• Where and when does this impact occur?
o To what extent will the City be exposed to this impact? o Who (or what) is the most vulnerable?
• How does this impact affect or tie into other impacts or hazards? • How is the City currently addressing this impact?
Methodology
While the science is highly certain that California (and the world) will continue to warm and experience greater impacts from climate change in the future, specific outcomes are inherently uncertain. Future outcomes vary depending on the level of global GHG emissions. Accordingly, most climate models include a range of possible scenarios based on the level of global GHG emissions.

This document pulls data, and data analysis, from California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment published in 2018. The data discussed in the Assessment, derived from 32 coarse-resolution (~ 100 km) global climate models (GCMs), were bias corrected and downscaled using the Localized Constructed Analogues (LOCA) statistical method. The data cover 1950-2005 for the historical period and 2006-2100 for two future climate projections using medium and high GHG and aerosol emissions scenarios.

For City-specific predictions, this document uses climate modeling from Cal-Adapt – a tool that came about as a key recommendation of the 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy and created with oversight from the California Energy Commission and California Strategic Growth Council. Cal-Adapt makes two predictions for the period of 2006 to 2100 using medium and high GHG and aerosol emissions scenarios. These scenarios are known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). Each RCP represents a standardized set of assumptions of humanity’s trajectory in the coming years. The Medium Emissions Scenario (RCP 4.5) represents a mitigation scenario where global CO2 emissions peak by 2040 and then decline. Statewide, temperature is projected to increase 3-7°F (or 2-4°C) for this scenario by the end of this century. The High Emissions Scenario (RCP 8.5) represents a scenario where CO2 emissions continue to rise throughout the 21st Century. Statewide, temperature is projected to increase approximately 7-12°F (or 4-7°C) by the end of this century. Precipitation shows fewer wet days, wetter winters, drier springs and autumns, and an increase in dry years as well as maximum precipitation in a single day. Cal-Adapt also specifies that its data is derived from the 32 LOCA downscaled climate projections generated to support California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, observed historical data City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
4 is derived from Gridded Observed Meteorological Data, and the data presented are aggregated over all LOCA grid cells that intersect Bradbury’s boundaries.

In addition to the range of potential outcomes, climate change can produce a variety of impacts depending on location. California is expected to experience warmer temperatures, increased drought, and more extreme weather events (IPCC, 2007). This is why climate change projections include both drought and increased precipitation leading to flooding. The range of impacts anticipated in Bradbury are summarized below.

The key hazards addressed in this Climate Vulnerability Assessment are those that pose a particular threat to the City. Various City documents were consulted to identify the key hazards. The Los Angeles County Climate Vulnerability Assessment and the Los Angeles Countywide Sustainability Plan (Our County) were consulted as well. The Los Angeles County CVA provides direction and information that this Bradbury CVA uses as a jumping off point. For consistency, and to better understand regional impacts, much of the regional discussion included here is inspired by the Los Angeles County CVA.

Impacts
Extreme Heat and Weather
What is it?
Climate change alters seasonal temperature patterns. Effects can include changes in average temperature, the timing of seasons, and the degree of cooling that occurs in the evening. In addition to new seasonal temperature patterns, extreme events such as heat waves are projected to occur more frequently and/or last for longer periods of time. In California, temperature increases are expected to be more pronounced in the summer and in inland areas, and many areas are losing even more of the already moderate winter conditions. Phenomena such as heat waves are projected to increase not only in frequency but in spatial extent (CNRA, 2009). The degree of change experienced partially depends on global GHG emissions and atmospheric concentrations. By 2050, however, temperature increases between 1.8°F to 5.4°F are projected under both emissions scenarios examined by the State (CNRA, 2009).

Extreme heat is projected to increase in frequency, severity, and duration, with the largest increases occurring in the Santa Clarita and San Fernando Valleysin the Greater Los Angeles County area. In addition to hot days, extended periods of extreme temperature, known as heat waves, can multiply the impacts of extreme heat. LA County has begun to experience more frequent, more severe, and longer heat waves.

Countywide heat waves are projected to increase in frequency and duration by mid-century. By midcentury, projections suggest that most of the County will likely shift to moderate or high exposure to extreme heat, with the majority of LA County in high exposure by mid-century (LACCSO, 2021).

Local Exposure/Environment
Extreme heat and human safety, human health, and human productivity are inextricably linked (LACCSO, 2021). Temperatures in Bradbury are generally representative of those found throughout Southern California. In terms of extreme weather, extreme heat is looked at over other extreme weather and storm patterns due to the impact heat has within the City comparatively. Bradbury is not in a location subject to dangerous storms (hurricanes, tornados, blizzards, etc.), tsunamis, or intense winters. The average annual high temperature calculated from January 1917 to June 2016 for the San Gabriel Canyon area is 78.2° City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
5 Fahrenheit (°F), with higher temperatures in summer and early fall (June through October) reaching up to an average of 91.7°F. The average annual low temperature is 52.8°F and can reach an average low temperature of 47.2°F (Dudek, 2022). Figure 1 shows the number of days in a year when the daily maximum temperature is above a threshold temperature of 100.3°F. This threshold temperature is the 98th percentile value of historical daily maximum/minimum temperatures (from 1961–1990, between April and October) observed in Bradbury.

Figure 1: Extreme Heat Days in Bradbury
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-changesnapshot/ As shown in Figure 1, climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme heat events per year in Bradbury. Table 1 supports Figure 1 and demonstrates this by showing the average number of days exceeding the 98th percentile summertime (April to October) high-heat threshold in the City. The Baseline (1961 to 1990) modeled historical data shows an average of four days that exceeded the 98th percentile high-heat threshold. By mid-century (2035 to 2064), the number of days exceeding 98th percentile highheat threshold is expected to quintuple from the Baseline average (from 4 to 21 days) under the Medium Emissions scenario (RCP 4.5) and increase by three weeks (from 4 to 26 days) under the High Emissions scenario (RCP 8.5). By the end of the century (2070 to 2099), the average number of days is expected to increase by 23 days (from 4 to 27) and 47 days (from 4 to 51) past Baseline for Medium and High Emissions scenarios, respectively.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
6 Table 1: Average Number of Days Exceeding 98th Percentile Summertime (Apr-Oct) High-Heat Threshold Time Period Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range Change from Baseline
Baseline (1961-1990) Modeled Historical 4 days* 3-5 days - Mid-Century
(2035-2064)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 21 days 13-48 days +17 days
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 26 days 17-53 days +22 days
End of Century
(2070-2099)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 27 days 19-66 days +23 days
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 51 days 36-102 days +47 days
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-changesnapshot/ * Observed 30-year average from 1961 to 1990: 4 days
Who is Most Vulnerable?
Everybody can be affected by extreme weather and heat, but certain groups are more sensitive and thus more vulnerable. Social vulnerabilities include people with pre-existing health conditions; children and older adults; people who depend on walking, biking, or transit to get around; and people who work outdoors. Children are at a higher risk for being adversely affected by extreme weather because they spend much of their time outdoors playing or exercising thereby increasing their body temperature already; increased activity in more extreme weather more easily leads to dehydration and skin burning.

Older adults are considered highly vulnerable to extreme heat and weather because a human body’s regulatory and immune systems tend to deteriorate with age and are not as prepared to be resilient against drastic changes. The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) reports that Bradbury residents under the age of 20 comprise approximately 17 percent of the population as of 2018; and seniors (65 and above) make up approximately 22 percent of the City population (SCAG, 2019).

Furthermore, extreme heat can cause uncomfortable and even dangerous conditions for outdoor physical activity, making it harder for people to get the recommended amount of exercise and potentially leading to increased risk of long-term health effects related to a sedentary lifestyle. The health risks associated with exposure to extreme heat are intensified when compounded with other demographic factors.

Hispanic and Latino people are overrepresented in other vulnerable populations, like outdoor workers and undocumented individuals. Approximately 12 percent of the Bradbury population is Hispanic or Latino (SCAG, 2019). Respite from heat is critical to outdoor workers to mitigate the potential health impacts of extreme heat. For this reason, both place of residence and place of occupation are important in understanding the overall risk (LACCSO, 2021).

Air pollution is linked to asthma and cardiovascular disease, both of which increase vulnerability to extreme heat. In return, extreme heat can contribute to and exacerbate the formation of ground-level ozone, which triggers asthma attacks (LACCSO, 2021). According to the California Health Interview Survey City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
7 (CHIS), organized by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, over 17 percent of the adult Bradbury population (18+) has been diagnosed with asthma at some point; this is similar to the rate found throughout the state which is approximately 16 percent.

Physical vulnerabilities include energy, water, and transportation infrastructure. As temperatures rise, an increased demand for cooling can cause strain on the energy grid and lead to blackouts. The effects of heat on the physical energy grid such as power lines can also cause strain and lead to fires. Parks and open space are also affected because extreme heat can harm vegetation and wildlife, causing the northern vast open spaces within the City to be highly vulnerable. Heat can cause transportation delays or malfunctions, or damage transportation infrastructure such as roads.

Flooding
What is it?
Increased flooding occurs when rain falls over a shorter period, even if there is less overall rain. Vegetated and pervious surfaces such as grass and soil do not have enough time to absorb the rainfall, overwhelming stormwater infrastructure capacity. In combination, changes in temperature and precipitation may exacerbate impacts. Heavy stormwater runoff can contaminate the surrounding bodies of water with environmentally and biologically harmful bacteria (Cal EMA, 2012). Intense rainstorms could require evacuation and temporary or permanent displacement of people and result in property damage or loss.

Flood-prone zones typically include areas within river floodplains or adjacent to drainage systems, lowlying areas where heavy rainfall can collect, and areas with inadequate storm drain infrastructure. Inland flooding can be exacerbated by high amounts of impermeable surfaces (LACCSO, 2021).

Data on exposure to extreme precipitation is limited to annual rainfall averages and does not capture the extreme precipitation events that can cause the most damage. Exposure to inland flooding is based on mapping of floodplains created by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (LACCSO, 2021).

Local Exposure/Environment
Flooding has not been a serious hazard to Bradbury in several decades, and the risk of disastrous flooding in the City is considered minimal. Bradbury does not lie within a 100- or 500-year floodplain, as delineated by FEMA. However, according to the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (2019), the potential for a localized flood event still exists within Bradbury. The elevated nature of the City removes Bradbury from flood danger from the San Gabriel River Channel (EPC, 2019). The built areas of the City are in “Flood Zone X” and “Flood Zone D”. Zone X is defined as the area outside the 500-year flood and protected by levee from the 100-year flood. Zone D is defined as areas in which flood hazards are undetermined (i.e. no analysis of flood hazards has been conducted), but possible.

The average annual precipitation for the area is 22.28 inches, with the most rainfall concentrated in December (3.49 inches), January (4.40 inches), February (5.06 inches), March (3.50 inches), and April (1.69 inches). Rainfall is much less during June (0.19 inches), July (0.04 inches), and August (0.11 inches) (Dudek, 2022). Actual rainfall in the Southern California region tends to fall in large amounts during sporadic and often heavy storms rather than consistently over storms at somewhat regular intervals. In short, rainfall in Southern California might be characterized as feast or famine within any single year (EPC, 2019).

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
8 Much of Bradbury has steep topography and a minimal risk of flooding. However, there are a few lowlying areas in the City where stormwater can gravitate towards and build up. The steep slopes found throughout the City allow stormwater to gain momentum and pick up, and move, debris. Landslides and mudslides are a second type of risk in wildland-urban interface areas at the foothills of mountain ranges where there may be steep slopes. The congruence of post-wildfire debris and extreme precipitation in these sloped areas can have devastating impacts on developments in the down-slope areas (LACCSO, 2021).

The Los Angeles County Flood Control District maintains the City’s public storm drain system. Channels and storm drain pipes comprise the flood control network. According to the General Plan Health and Safety Element, large agriculturally zoned and developed parcels either retain surface runoff on site or it is directed to public facilities by a system of privately owned and maintained drainage swales. Otherwise, the existing storm drain system collects runoff from streets and small parcels of land.

Localized flooding may occur in low spots or where infrastructure is unable to accommodate peak flows during a storm event. In most cases, water dissipates quickly after heavy rain ceases. The Bradbury Debris Basin and the Spinks Debris Basin and check dams also provide the City with protection from large scale floods. The City works with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Los Angeles County Flood Control District to ensure maximum functionality of all flood control facilities (EPC, 2019).

The City of Bradbury is also a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Communities participating in the NFIP must adopt and enforce minimum floodplain management standards, including identification of flood hazards and flooding risks. This program helps incentivize people to develop less on historic floodplains.

While California does not see the average annual precipitation changing significantly in the next 50-75 years, precipitation will likely be delivered in more intense storms and within a shorter wet season (CalAdapt, 2022). Table 2 shows the predicted increase in maximum one-day rainfall in Bradbury over the next century. The Baseline average is approximately 2.6 inches in one day. During the middle of the century (2035-2064), the average rainfall within a day is expected to increase approximately 0.2 inches under both the Medium and High Emissions scenarios. By the end of century (2070-2099), rain is predicted to fall an additional 0.3 inches under the Medium Emissions scenario and an additional 0.5 inches in one day under the High Emissions scenario. While these may not seem like exceptional increases on their own, the data must be observed on a larger scale and compounded with other climate change phenomena to predict the impact on the City and on the region.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
9 Table 2: Maximum One-Day Precipitation
Time Period Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range Change from Baseline
Baseline (1961-1990) Modeled Historical 2.66 inches 2.26-3.01 inches -
Mid-Century
(2035-2064)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 2.83 inches 2.34-3.31inches +0.17 inches
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 2.89 inches 2.38-3.48inches +0.23 inches
End of Century
(2070-2099)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 2.93 inches 2.48-3.43inches +0.26 inches
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 3.11 inches 2.41-4.15inches +0.48 inches
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-changesnapshot/ * Observed 30-year average from 1961 to 1990: 2.795 inches Agencies such as the Los Angeles County Public Works Stormwater Engineering Division have created plans that prepare the County, and subsequently the City, for potential flooding hazards(LA County Public Works EPD, 2022). The Los Angeles County Comprehensive Floodplain Management Plan aims to evaluate the impacts of urban stormwater discharge on receiving waters and communities. The Floodplain Management Plan is an important component of the County’s participation in the National Flood Insurance Program and the Community Rating System (CRS), which are administered by FEMA (Tetra Tech, 2021).

The Municipal National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit is issued to the County of Los Angeles and 84 cities (minus Avalon, Lancaster, Long Beach, and Palmdale) by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region. The Los Angeles County Public Works Stormwater Engineering Division is the agency assigned as the Principal Permittee. The Division’s goal is to improve the overall quality of life for residents of Los Angeles County (LA Public Works EPD, 2022).

Who is Most Vulnerable?
Flooding impacts generally are not linked to specific populations, such as seniors, children, or individuals with disabilities. However, older housing inventories are sometimes located in low-lying, more floodprone areas, causing the units to be more susceptible to extreme conditions such as flooding. Beyond impacts to buildings, shelters, and occupants, inland flooding and extreme precipitation have the potential to impact transit and road infrastructure, causing service delays or shutdowns and road closures.

One indicator of an area’s potential for flooding is its ratio of permeable surfaces to impermeable surfaces.

Maintaining as much permeable surface as possible by using permeable materials for new development can help ensure that stormwater will be absorbed into the ground and will filter through the soil to replenish groundwater (LACCSO, 2021).

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
10 Drought
What is it?
California’s highly variable climate is susceptible to prolonged dry spells. A warming climate will compound drought impacts, as evidenced during recent precipitation deficits in the 2000s Southwest drought (Colorado River Basin), and during the 2012-2015 drought in California and neighboring states (Pierce, et al, 2018). Furthermore, recent research suggests that extended drought occurrence (“megadrought”) could become more pervasive in future decades (Pierce, et al, 2018). Drought is a climate hazard for which census tract-level mapping is not possible. The increase in frequency of transition between wet and dry extremes – or precipitation whiplash – makes the drought-flood cycle more dramatic in the Southern California region (LACCSO, 2021).

In addition to direct impacts on water supply, drought creates dry conditions that can lead to secondary impacts, including but not limited to: increased wildfire risk, reduced evapotranspiration (and thus less ability to mitigate periods of extreme temperatures), damage to habitats and vegetation, and higher volumes of dust. This phenomenon can quickly remove moisture from the soil, leading to compacted soil.

In the case of a severe rain event, compacted soil will not allow for infiltration. Collectively, these conditions will contribute to decreased air quality and increased public health issues across LA County (LACCSO, 2021).

Drought vulnerability can be exacerbated by single-source dependency, increased groundwater contamination risk, water from small service providers, and location in areas with a projected increase in extreme heat days. Decreases in precipitation, from drought, and evaporation, caused by higher temperatures, may increase the concentration of pollutants and salinity in streams, reservoirs, and groundwater. More frequent and intense periods of drought could reduce the availability of imported water and drive an increasing use of groundwater. If not managed sustainably, groundwater overdrafts can permanently diminish aquifer capacity (LACCSO, 2021).

Local Exposure/Environment
Potable water is provided to the City by California American Water Company. According to California American Water, the City is served entirely by groundwater sources from the main San Gabriel Basin (EPC, 2019). The California American Water Company also supplies water to service fire hydrants via underground pipes (General Plan, 2014). In order to replace aging infrastructure and improve water delivery service, California American Water upgraded 13,300 feet of water distribution mains in the cities of Bradbury, Duarte, and the Baldwin Hills area in unincorporated Los Angeles County in 2013 (EPC, 2019).

There is no history of severe drought (e.g., restaurants with restricted hours, emergency water distribution to residents, etc.) within the City of Bradbury. However, the City is designated on the U.S.

Drought Monitor as experiencing an “exceptional drought”. This designation comes from a combination of a significant decrease in rain combined with water supply restrictions resulting from the statewide California drought. These conditions were increasingly evident from 2012 to early in 2017 (EPC, 2019).

Table 3 shows the differences in maximum dry spell lengths in Bradbury from Baseline measurements to predicted future variations. The Baseline scenario states that the 30-year average length of a dry spell was approximately 110 days. Dry spells are predicted to increase to six to eight days over Baseline conditions by the middle of the century (2035-2064), and seven to 15 days by the end of the century (2070-2099).

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
11 Table 3: Maximum Length of Dry Spell
Time Period Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range Change from Baseline
Baseline (1961-1990) Modeled Historical 108 days 95-120 days - Mid-Century
(2035-2064)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 116 days 88–145 days +8 days
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 114 days 81-143 days +6 days
End of Century
(2070-2099)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 115 days 93-133 days +7 days
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 123 days 77–162 days +15 days
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-changesnapshot/ * Observed 30-year average from 1961 to 1990: 110 days
Who is Most Vulnerable?
Extreme drought (and heat) decreases soil moisture and increases plant mortality. Plant die-offs cause a domino effect by reducing available shade and evaporative cooling, thereby raising surrounding temperatures and reducing the thermal comfort of pedestrians. The generally undeveloped ranch lands found throughout the City would be subject to impacts from drought conditions, and therefore contribute to the domino effect of reducing cooling and moisture retention.

People with pre-existing respiratory conditions are extremely vulnerable. In the absence of rainfall during prolonged periods of drought, the region could experience increased concentrations of resuspended road particulates (dust), which have adverse respiratory impacts (Hall, et al. 2018).

Another impact of drought on people in LA County is the increasing prevalence of Valley fever. Valley fever is a disease caused by inhaling fungus spores carried in soil dust. Arid and semiarid landscapes, dust storms, and warmer temperatures all contribute to conditions that lead to increases in Valley fever. The number of reported cases of Valley fever in California has steadily and significantly increased over the past 20 years. Populations at greater risk of severe disease from Valley fever include people who are Black or Filipino, older adults, pregnant women, infants, and people with diabetes or conditions that weaken the immune system. People who live or work in areas where soil is disturbed, such as near farming operations, are at higher risk of exposure (LACCSO, 2021).

Potential drought hazards can be curbed through proactive water management. Noting that all water used within the City is sourced from groundwater, water consumption, whether it be for personal, recreational, or agricultural use, must be used at a sustainable rate. To help protect this resource, Bradbury can enact varying water restrictions. Some water restrictions in place in other cities and counties in California include personal and individual restrictions and limitations or increased cost. Other restrictions are designed to limit commercial and industrial water use and water waste.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
12 Wildland Fire
What is it?
As California is expected to experience increased temperatures and reduced precipitation, there will likely be more frequent and intense wildfires and longer fire seasons. Fires spread more quickly on dry, windy days and move more easily in an uphill direction and in areas with higher-density vegetation. Wildfires are a natural and important part of the ecosystem but can become more intense and dangerous as a result of climate change and land management. Wildfires are unplanned, naturally occurring fires and may be caused by lightning, accidental human ignitions, arson, or escaped prescribed fires. Weather is one of the most significant factors in determining the severity of fires; natural fire patterns are driven by conditions such as drought, temperature, precipitation, wind, vegetation, and fuel (i.e. biomass) availability. Wildfires pose a great threat to life and property, particularly when they move from forest or rangeland into developed areas.

Climate change is projected to increase the frequency of wildfire events, the extent of burned areas across California, and the duration of wildfire seasons. Wildfire seasons are projected to begin earlier in the spring due to drier and warmer spring conditions on average, potentially requiring longer periods for firefighting services. Greater inter-annual variability in temperature and precipitation may also affect wildfire intensity. For example, multiple wet years can result in larger fuel buildup in landscapes. This may result in increasingly intense and frequent wildfires, if followed by drought years. Wildfire risk will also vary depending on population growth and land use characteristics, including rates of residential expansion and infrastructure into fire prone areas over the next century.

Local Exposure/Environment
Bradbury’s location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains creates a wildland-urban interface that makes Bradbury more susceptible to wildfires than cities that do not border the foothills. In fact, due to its weather, topography, and native vegetation, the majority of Los Angeles County is at risk from wildland fires (EPC, 2019). The San Gabriel Mountains, largely covered by the Angeles National Forest, have the highest degree of wildfire risk. On average, the San Gabriel Mountains are projected to experience an increase in wildfire burn area of approximately 40 percent and 50 percent in 2050 and 2080, respectively, under the RCP 8.5 scenario. By mid-century, wildfire events in LA County and across the state are projected to be considerably larger, more frequent, and more destructive (LACCSO, 2021).

The extended droughts characteristic of California’s Mediterranean climate result in large areas of dry vegetation that provide fuel for wildland fires. Furthermore, the native vegetation of the region typically has a high oil content that makes it highly flammable. The area is also intermittently impacted by Santa Ana winds – the hot, dry winds that blow across southern California in the spring and late fall (EPC, 2019).

The State has charged CAL FIRE with the identification of Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) within State Responsibility Areas. In addition, CAL FIRE must recommend Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones identified within any Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs). The FHSZ maps are used by the State Fire Marshall as a basis for the adoption of applicable building code standards. Figure 2 shows Fire Hazard Severity Zones within Bradbury (CAL FIRE, 2022). Figure 2 illustrates that a majority of the City is considered to be within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone; the VHFHSZ covers nearly all of the City of Bradbury, with the exception of the southeast and southwest corners of the City. The LACoFD is the responsible agency for fire protection within the City’s VHFHSZ and follows the CAL FIRE VHFHSZ designation. The City abuts lands where the responsibility for fire protection lies with the Federal or State of California (FRA or SRA) City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
13 (Dudek, 2022). The closest fire station to the City is LA County Fire Department Station #44; it is located less than one mile (approximately 0.5 miles) directly south of Bradbury, in the City of Duarte.

The City and the surrounding landscape exhibit a complex wildfire environment that presents a significant risk to public and firefighter safety and the built and natural environment. This region of the San Gabriel Mountains has been subject to numerous damaging wildland fires, is influenced by local extreme wind and weather conditions (including Santa Ana wind events), has steep and varied terrain with a mosaic of different vegetation types, and is characterized by wildland-urban interface (WUI) development patterns that can exacerbate wildfire risk (Dudek, 2022).

The wildland-urban interface area of Bradbury runs across the entire north border of the City and includes populated residential properties. Almost all streets north of Royal Oaks Drive North in the City are considered to be in the Very High Fire Severity Hazard Zone and are at significant risk in the event of a wildland fire. Areas in the southern and western portions of the City are within the Moderate and/or High Fire Hazard Zone (EPC, 2019).

Table 4 projects the average annual area burned over the next century in Bradbury. As shown, the City is expected to burn approximately four to ten acres more during the middle of the century (2035-2064) compared to the Baseline acreage. Similarly, the end of the century expects to see approximately the same number of acres (an additional seven to nine acres compared to the Baseline averages) burn.

Table 4: Average Annual Area Burned
Time Period Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range Change from Baseline
Baseline (1961-1990)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 64.6 acres

59.4-67.0
acres -
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 60.7 acres

54.9-62.8
acres -
Mid-Century
(2035-2064)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 68.5 acres

62.9-75.8
acres
+3.9 acres
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 70.8 acres 60.9-77.4 acres
+10.1 acres
End of Century
(2070-2099)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 72.0 acres 68.7-77.0acres
+7.4 acres
High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 69.7 acres

63.3-74.2
acres
+9.0 acres
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-changesnapshot/ City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
14 Figure 2: Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Bradbury Source: CAL FIRE, 2022.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
15 It is crucial that transportation routes are able to safely and effectively operate in times of emergency.

The City of Bradbury is comprised of 3.2 miles of public streets and privately owned and maintained roads, and does not intersect with any major freeways or highways. The nearest freeway access to the City includes the Mt Olive Drive/Huntington Drive ramps at the I-605/I-210 freeway interchange. Additional freeway access is provided by the Buena Vista Street and Mountain Avenue off-ramps on the I-210 freeway. The principal east-west major roadway that serves the City of Bradbury is Huntington Drive located in the City of Duarte, one-quarter mile to the south. This highway has an interconnected system of traffic signals which provides and maintains an efficient and reasonable flow of traffic. Royal Oaks Drive, an east-west secondary highway, is located at the City’s southerly boundary (EPC, 2019).

Who is Most Vulnerable?
Vulnerable populations include those that live within the Fire Hazard Severity Zones. As depicted in Figure 1, nearly all land within Bradbury city limits is considered to be a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.

Almost all streets north of Royal Oaks Drive North in the City are considered to be in the VHFHSZ and are at significant risk in the event of a wildland fire. Further, areas in the southern and western portions of the City are considered a Moderate and/or High Fire Hazard Zone (EPC, 2019). Safe and adequate evacuation plans are crucial to ensuring that impacts are as minimal as possible. Individuals with physical disabilities or who live in isolation may have difficulty evacuating. The popular ranch-lifestyle found throughout Bradbury indicates that residents own several animals that are oftentimes larger, such as horses. Larger animals require equipment, such as trailers, for safe transportation. Ranch and farm equipment is often larger, heavier, and slower than a standard vehicle. When planning and preparing emergency evacuation operations, these factors must be taken into account.

Wildfires are big contributors to air pollution in the western United States and are responsible for an estimated 70 percent of PM 2.5 emissions during periods when fine particulate matter pollution levels are above the EPA standard. Wildfire-generated particulate matter are linked to respiratory complications like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchitis, and other infections. Wildfire can have grave impacts on people’s livelihoods, homes, and health (LACCSO, 2021). Especially vulnerable people include individuals with pre-existing health conditions, such as asthma, who are more sensitive to hazardous air. The percentage of people diagnosed with asthma in Bradbury is similar to the rates in LA County; approximately 17 percent of Bradbury residents 18 years and older and 16 percent of LA County residents 18 years and older have been diagnosed with asthma at some point in their lives.

Wildfire smoke can travel great distances and affect people far from a wildfire’s location (LACCSO, 2021).

Bordering areas are highly prone to wildfires, and therefore the City is exposed to a threat from wildfires originating outside the City (EPC, 2019). Starting in 2008, the State of California began integrating wildfire protections and material requirements into building codes to ensure that newly constructed buildings or major renovations meet certain safety standards. Although these code requirements do not nullify the potential risks, these standards minimize the potential impacts on a building and its occupants.

Communities in LA County with high wildfire exposure and old buildings have high risk of wildfire damage.

These include Bradbury, Azusa, Glendora, Arcadia, Monrovia, and Sierra Madre – all communities along the San Gabriel Valley foothills (LACCSO, 2021).

In addition to personal impacts, wildfires can cause major community-wide disturbances, like evacuations, power outages, economic losses, road and school closures, losses to biodiversity and the natural City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
16 environment, and disruptions to recreational activities (LACCSO, 2021). Vulnerable infrastructure includes energy infrastructure (fires in other areas could cause damage to power plants or power lines causing blackouts), communications, and water (water quality reduced due to ash, etc.). Natural habitats and plants and animals are extremely vulnerable to wildfires; the foothills and open spaces found in, and surrounding, the City provide homes to plant and animal species, which are susceptible to fire hazards.

Plant and animal life is at an even higher risk due to the fact that Bradbury is a wildland-urban interface.

Windstorm
What is it?
The combination of windspeed, topography, climate, and temperature can create deadly impacts under the right conditions. Hazardous wind events can include windstorms, tornados, or microbursts.

Tornadoes are spawned when there is warm, moist air near the ground, cool air aloft, and winds that speed up and change direction. An obstruction, such as a house, in the path of the wind causes it to change direction. This change increases pressure on parts of the house, and the combination of increased pressures and fluctuating wind speeds creates stresses that frequently cause structural failures (EPC, 2019).

Unlike tornados, microbursts are strong, damaging winds which strike the ground and often give the impression a tornado has struck. They frequently occur during intense thunderstorms. The origin of a microburst is downward moving air from a thunderstorm’s core. But unlike a tornado, they affect only a small area (EPC, 2019). When the microburst wind hits an object on the ground such as a house, garage, or tree, it can flatten the buildings and strip limbs and branches from the tree. After striking the ground, the powerful outward running gust can wreak further havoc along its path. Damage associated with a microburst is often mistaken for the work of a tornado, particularly directly under the microburst.

However, damage patterns away from the impact area are characteristic of straight-line winds rather than the twisted pattern of tornado damage. Tornados, like those that occur every year in the Midwest and Southeast parts of the United States, are a rare phenomenon in most of California with most tornado-like activity coming from microbursts (EPC, 2019).

Local Exposure/Environment
Strong winds and topography of the area create the regional Santa Ana winds, which can result in disaster conditions, the most common being fire fanned by the high winds. These winds commonly occur between October and February, with December having the highest frequency of events. Summer events are rare.

A Santa Ana wind event manifests as a dry northeasterly wind originating from the Great Basin and upper Mojave Desert. As the wind channels through the mountain passes and canyons of Southern California, the wind velocity increases. Wind speeds are typically 35 knots through and below passes and canyons with gusts to 50 knots. Stronger Santa Ana winds have gusts greater than 60 knots over widespread areas, and gusts greater than 100 knots in favored areas. Frequently, the strongest winds occur during the night and morning hours due to the absence of a sea breeze. The sea breeze, which typically blows onshore daily, can moderate the Santa Ana winds during the late morning and afternoon hours. Santa Ana winds are an important forecast challenge because of the high fire danger associated with them – with Santa Ana winds driving wildfire flames, the speed and reach of the flames is greater than in times of calm wind conditions (EPC, 2019).

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
17 Based on local history, most incidents of high wind in the City of Bradbury are the result of the Santa Ana and El Niño related wind conditions. While high impact wind incidents are not frequent in the area, significant wind events and sporadic tornado activity have been known to negatively impact the City (EPC, 2019).

Severe windstorms pose a significant risk to life and property in the City of Bradbury by creating conditions that disrupt essential systems such as public utilities, telecommunications, and transportation routes.

High winds can and do occasionally cause tornado-like damage to local homes and businesses in and near the community. High winds have destructive impact, especially to trees, power lines, and utility services (EPC, 2019).

A windstorm in late November 2011, which caused winds in excess of 90 mph in the Pasadena, Sierra Madre, Arcadia, Monrovia, and Bradbury area, downed trees and resulted in extended power and utility outages. Based on previous windstorm history, it is not difficult to assume that a future windstorm event could generate similar damage. It is also possible that a strong Santa Ana wind condition could cause substantial damage in the City of Bradbury (EPC, 2019).

Who is Most Vulnerable?
Windstorms can affect the air quality of the general region. Strong winds can stir up dust, pollen, pollutants, and particulate matter. People with sensitive respiratory systems, or diseases such as asthma, can be put at greater risk for health complications due to strong wind events.

Windstorms damage buildings, power lines, and other property and infrastructure typically due to falling trees and branches. During wet winters, saturated soils cause trees to become less stable and more vulnerable to uprooting from high winds. When severe windstorms strike a city, downed trees, power lines, and damaged property can be major hindrances to emergency response and disaster recovery.

Historically, falling trees are the major cause of power outages in the region. Windstorms such as strong microbursts and Santa Ana wind conditions cause flying debris and downed utility lines. Falling trees bring electric power lines down to the pavement, creating the possibility of lethal electric shock (EPC, 2019).

Structures with weak reinforcement, or structures that are older, are susceptible to damage from strong wind events. Wind pressure creates a direct and frontal assault on a structure, pushing walls, doors, and windows inward. Conversely, passing currents create lift suction forces that pull building components and surfaces outward. With extreme wind forces, the roof or entire building can fail causing considerable damage (EPC, 2019). Since approximately 65 percent of the existing housing stock in Bradbury was built prior to 1990, these units may be more susceptible to extreme wind conditions. Ensuring all new development, redevelopment, and retrofitting projects adhere to the most up to date State Building Codes and follow City development standards regarding slopes (Municipal Code Chapter 97, Hillside Development Standards), chances of hazardous impacts from windstorms decrease.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
18 C. Key Findings
The key findings for Bradbury are summarized below to assist in increasing the City’s adaptive capacity. • Climate change has the potential to increase the severity of various natural hazards and impacts in the City of Bradbury.
• Wildland fires represent the threat most likely to affect Bradbury as a result of climate change.

While most likely to ignite within the CAL FIRE FHSZs, the effects of wildfire can adversely impact larger areas, cascading out towards the entirety of Bradbury and the surrounding cities, with smoke, ash, and poor air quality.
• The most vulnerable populations are those living in or adjacent to Very High FHSZs within the City.

Other vulnerable populations include seniors and people with pre-existing health conditions such as asthma.
• The most vulnerable natural areas are the sensitive hillside areas (and wildlife within these environments) located in the northern portion of the City, which are within the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. This largely undeveloped area contains the most open space and natural landscape in the City and consists of high amounts of often dry foliage that is highly susceptible to fires. As prolonged dry spells are predicted to lengthen, plants, animals, and habitats that receive less and less water are more likely to burn from wildfire, leave the area, or die out from lack of resources.
• The most vulnerable infrastructure are power and energy infrastructure, as well as homes (and businesses) within and bordering the Very High FHSZs. Extreme weather and heat conditions can increase the risk of fires, which can lead to the destruction of energy infrastructure such as power lines that are located in more remote (and more fire prone) areas. Since energy grids are interconnected and provide energy throughout the region, large parts of the Southern California population are expected to be impacted by distant fires or power outages. Closely located infrastructure, i.e. neighborhood homes within and bordering FHSZs can suffer brutal impacts, and possibly even total destruction.
• Regional drought is also a key hazard to Bradbury as the City is served entirely by groundwater sources from the main San Gabriel Basin. Drought may also result in increased tree mortality, which contributes to higher fuel loading and wildfire size and severity. As expected with climate change, droughts are expected to increase both in frequency and intensity.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
19 D. References
Cal-Adapt (2022). Local Climate Change Snapshot for Bradbury, California. Accessed October 7, 2022.

Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-change-snapshot/ California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) (2022). Fire Hazard Severity Zones Maps:

Bradbury. Accessed October 17, 2022. Available at https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/communitywildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/wildland-hazards-building-codes/fire-hazard-severityzones-maps/ California Emergency Management Agency (2012a). California Adaptation Planning Guide: Defining Local and Regional Impacts.

California Emergency Management Agency (2012b). California Adaptation Planning Guide: Identifying Adaptation Strategies.

California Emergency Management Agency (2012c). California Adaptation Planning Guide: Understanding Regional Characteristics.

California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment (2021). California’s Changing Climate 2018: A Summary of Key Findings from California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment.

California Health Insurance Survey (CHIS) (2022). AskCHIS, Neighborhood Edition. October 13, 2022.

California Natural Resources Agency (2009). 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy.

City of Bradbury (2014). City of Bradbury General Plan 2012-2030. February 2014.

Dudek (2022). City of Bradbury Community Wildfire Protection Plan. August 2022.

Emergency Planning Consultants (EPC) (2019). Hazard Mitigation Plan. February 21, 2019.

Hall, Alex, Neil Berg, Katharine Reich (University of California, Los Angeles) (2018). Los Angeles Summary Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number: SUM-CCCA4-2018- 007.

IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R.

Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)].

Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office (LACCSO) (2021). LA County Climate Vulnerability Assessment. October 2021.

Los Angeles County Public Works (2022). National Flood Insurance Program and County Floodways.

Accessed October 17, 2022. Available at https://pw.lacounty.gov/WMD/NFIP/ Los Angeles County Public Works, Environmental Programs Division (EPD) (2022). Stormwater Home.

Accessed October 17, 2022. Available at https://dpw.lacounty.gov/epd/Stormwater/ Pierce, D. W., J. F. Kalansky, and D. R. Cayan, (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) (2018). Climate, Drought, and Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the Fourth California Climate Assessment. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, California Energy Commission. Publication Number: CNRACEC-2018-006.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
20 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) (2019). Local Profiles Report: Profile of the City of Bradbury. May 2019.

Tetra Tech (2021). Los Angeles County Comprehensive Floodplain Management Plan, July 2021.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
21 Appendix A: Regulatory Setting
State
California Air Resources Board
The California Air Resources Board is the agency responsible for coordination and oversight of state and local air pollution control programs in California and for implementing the California Clean Air Act (CCAA), which was adopted in 1988. The CCAA requires that all air districts in the state endeavor to achieve and maintain the California Ambient Air Quality Standards by the earliest practical date. The act specifies that districts should focus particular attention on reducing the emissions from transportation and area-wide emission sources and provides districts with the authority to regulate indirect sources.

California Strategic Fire Plan
This statewide plan guides fire policy for much of California. The plan is aimed at reducing wildfire risk through pre-fire mitigation efforts tailored to local areas. The most recent update is the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan. The 2018 Plan reflects CAL FIRE’s focus on: 1) fire prevention and suppression activities to protect lives, property, and ecosystem services; and 2) natural resource management to maintain the state’s forests as a resilient carbon sink to meet California’s climate change goals and to serve as important habitat for adaptation and mitigation. There are also Unit Fire Plans produced under the Strategic Fire Plan that are localized to a county or region; the City of Bradbury falls under the Los Angeles County Fire Department Strategic Fire Plan.

State Water Resources Control Board/Regional Water Quality Control Board In California, all wastewater treatment and disposal systems fall under the overall regulatory authority of the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and the nine California Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs), who are charged with the responsibility of protecting beneficial uses of State waters from a variety of waste discharges, including wastewater from individual and municipal systems. The City of Bradbury falls within the jurisdiction of the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (Regional Board 4).

The RWQCBs’ regulatory role often involves the formation and implementation of basic water protection policies. These are reflected in the RWQCBs’ Basin Plans, generally in the form of guidelines, criteria, and prohibitions related to the siting, design, construction, and maintenance of on-site sewage disposal systems.

State Water Board Storm Water Strategy
The Storm Water Strategy is founded on the results of the Storm Water Strategic Initiative, which serves to direct the State Water Board’s role in storm water resources management and involves the Storm Water Program by: a) developing guiding principles to serve as the foundation of the Storm Water Program; b) identifying issues thatsupport or inhibit the program from aligning with the guiding principles; and c) proposing and prioritizing projects that the Water Board could implement to address those issues.

The State Water Board staff created a document called the Strategy to Optimize Resource Management of Stormwater (STORMS). STORMS includes a program vision, mission, goals, objectives, projects, City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
22 timelines, and consideration of the most effective integration of project outcomes into the Water Board’s Storm Water Program.

Urban Water Management Planning Act
The Urban Water Management Planning Act’s main objectives are the management of urban water demands and the efficient use of urban water. Under its provisions, every urban water supplier is required to prepare and adopt an urban water management plan. The plan must identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier, quantify the projected water use for a period of 20 years, and describe the supplier’s water demand management measures.

California Department of Public Health
The Department of Public Health contains the Division of Radiation Safety and Environmental Management (DRSEM), which is divided into three branches: the Radiologic Health Branch, the Environmental Health Branch, and the Drinking Water and Radiation Laboratory Branch. The Radiologic Health Branch enforces the laws and regulations designed to protect the public, radiation workers, and the environment. The Environmental Management Branch regulates the medical waste industry and recreational health (public swimming pools, ocean beaches, and organized camps); provides sanitary surveillance of state institutions; administers the Registered Environmental Health Specialist (REHS) program; oversees radiological cleanup at military base closure facilities; and coordinates the State’s Indoor Radon Program, the Medical Waste Management Program, and California Department of Public Health’s Nuclear Emergency Response Program. The Drinking Water and Radiation Laboratory Branch is the State’s primary drinking water quality testing laboratory and is the state laboratory capable of measuring chemical, microbiological, and radiochemical contaminants in drinking water and drinking water supplies.

California Water Code
California’s primary statute governing water quality and water pollution issues with respect to both surface waters and groundwater is the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act of 1970 (Division 7 of the California Water Code). The Porter-Cologne Act grants the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and each of the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs) power to protect water quality and is the primary vehicle for implementation of California’s responsibilities under the Federal Clean Water Act. The Porter-Cologne Act grants the SWRCB and the RWQCBs authority and responsibility to adopt plans and policies, to regulate discharges to surface and groundwater, to regulate waste disposal sites, and to require cleanup of discharges of hazardous materials and other pollutants. The PorterCologne Act also establishes reporting requirements for unintended discharges of any hazardous substance, sewage, or oil or petroleum product.

Each RWQCB must formulate and adopt a Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan) for its region. The regional plans conform to the policies set forth in the Porter-Cologne Act and established by the SWRCB in its State water policy. The Porter-Cologne Act also provides that a RWQCB may include within its regional plan water discharge prohibitions applicable to particular conditions, areas, or types of waste.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
23 California Building Code
The California Building Standards Code (CBSC) (California Code of Regulations, Title 24) is a statewide standard that is updated every three years, with the most recent update being in 2019. The CBSC is a compilation of three types of building standards from three different origins:
• Building standards that were adopted by state agencies without change from national model building codes;
• Building standards that were adopted from national model codes but modified to address California specific conditions;
• Building standards, authorized by the California legislature, that constitute amendments not covered by national model codes, that were created to address particular California concerns.

The CBSC specifies materials requirements, construction methods, and maintenance standards for earthquake protection and resiliency. All building occupancies in California are subject to national model codes adopted into the CBSC, and occupancies are further subject to amendments adopted by state agencies. State law also authorizes local governments to enact ordinances making building standards amendments to the CBSC to address local conditions. The law includes specific requirements for the basis for a local amendment, how the amendment language and documents must be prepared, and how the amendment must be filed with either the CBSC, the California Department of Housing and Community Development, or other state agencies as required. The City of Bradbury adopted the 2019 CBSC into the City Municipal Code under Section 17.01.010, Adoption of Building Code, of Title 17, Building Regulations.

California Fire Code
The California Fire Code, as a part of Title 24, California Code of Regulations, establishes the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practices to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion, or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures, and premises, and to provide safety and assistance to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations. The provisions of this code apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal, and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such building structures throughout the State of California. The City of Bradbury has adopted the California Fire Code into Title 4, Public Safety, Chapter 3, Fire Code, of the Municipal Code.

Wildfire Protection Responsibility in California
Local, state, tribal, and federal organizations all have legal and financial responsibility for wildfire protection. In many instances, two fire organizations have dual primary responsibility on the same parcel of land – one for wildfire protection and the other for structural fire protection. To address wildfire jurisdiction responsibilities, in 1981 the California State Legislature outlined various wildfire responsibilities, described below, in Cal. Pub. Res. Code § 4291.5 and Cal. Health & Safety Code § 13108.5.

Federal Responsibility Areas (FRAs)
FRAs are fire-prone wildland areas that are owned or managed by a federal agency such as the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or U.S.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
24 Department of Defense. Primary financial and rule-making jurisdiction authority rests with the federal land agency. In many instances, FRAs are interspersed with private land ownership or leases. Fire protection for developed private property is usually the responsibility of the relevant local government agency, not the federal land management agency.

State Responsibility Areas (SRAs)
SRAs are lands in California where the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) has legal and financial responsibility for wildfire protection. CAL FIRE administers fire hazard classifications and establishes development and building standard regulations in these areas. SRAs are defined as lands that:
• Are in the unincorporated county areas
• Are not federally owned
• Have wildland vegetation cover rather than agricultural or ornamental plants • Have row crops or seasonal crops, or
• Have watershed, range, or forage values
CAL FIRE adopts SRA boundaries and updates them every five years. Where SRAs contain structures or development, the relevant local government agencies have fire protection responsibility for those improvements.

Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs)
LRAs include land in cities, cultivated agriculture lands, unincorporated non-flammable areas, and lands that do not meet the criteria for SRA or FRA. LRA fire protection is typically provided by city or county fire departments, fire protection districts, or by CAL FIRE under contract to local governments. LRAs may include areas of flammable vegetation and WUI.

The City of Bradbury’s VHFHSZ is a Local Agency VHFHSZ, as defined, and the City is considered an LRA.

The LACoFD is the responsible agency for fire protection within the City’s VHFHSZ. The City abuts lands where the responsibility for fire protection lies with the Federal or State of California (FRA or SRA). The City released a Community Wildfire Protection Plan in August of 2022.

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act and Seismic Hazards Mapping Act (1972) The 1971 San Fernando Earthquake resulted in the destruction of numerous structures built along its fault.

This led to passage of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act in 1972. This Act prohibits the construction of buildings for human occupancy across active faults in the state. Similarly, extensive damage caused by ground failure during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake focuses attention on decreasing the impacts of landslides and liquefaction. This led to the creation of the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act (1990), which enhances construction standards at locations where ground failures are probable during earthquakes.

Senate Bill 610 and Assembly Bill 901 (2001)
SB 610 and AB 901 both modify the Urban Water Management Planning Act. SB 610 requires additional information in an urban water management plan if groundwater is identified as a water source supplier.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
25 It also requires that the plan include a description of all water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken to meet total projected water use. SB 610 also requires a city or county that determines a project is subject to CEQA to identify any public water system that may supply water to the project and to request identified public water systems to prepare a specified water supply assessment. The assessment must include, among other information, an identification of existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts relevant to the identified water supply for the proposed project, and water received in prior years pursuant to these entitlements, rights, and contracts.

AB 901 requires an urban water management plan to include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to an urban water supplier over a given period of time. AB 901 also requires information on how water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability. The bill requires plans to supplement a water source that may not be available at a consistent level of use, to the extent practicable. Additional findings and declarations relating to water quality are required.

California Oak Woodland Conservation Act (2001)
The California Legislature passed Assembly Bill 242, known as the California Oak Woodland Conservation Act, in 2001 as a result of widespread changes in land use patterns across the landscape that were fragmenting oak woodland character over extensive areas. The Act created the California Oak Woodland Conservation Program within the Wildlife Conservation Board. The legislation provides funding and incentives to ensure the future viability of California’s oak woodland resources by maintaining large scale land holdings or smaller multiple holdings that are not divided into fragmented, nonfunctioning biological units. The Act acknowledged that the conservation of oak woodlands enhances the natural scenic beauty for residents and visitors, increases real property values, promotes ecological balance, provides habitat for over 300 wildlife species, moderates temperature extremes, reduces soil erosion, sustains water quality, and aids with nutrient cycling, all of which affect and improve the health, safety, and general welfare of the residents of the state.

Assembly Bill 1007 (2005)
Assembly Bill 1007 (Pavley, Chapter 371, Statutes of 2005) directs the California Energy Commission (CEC) to prepare a plan to increase the use of alternative fuels in California. As a result, the CEC prepares the State Alternative Fuels Plan in consultation with state, federal, and local agencies. The plan presents strategies and actions California must take to increase the use of alternative non-petroleum fuels in a manner that minimizes costs to California and maximizes the economic benefits of in-state production.

The plan assesses various alternative fuels and developed fuel portfolios to meet California’s goals to reduce petroleum consumption, increase alternative fuels use, reduce GHG emissions, and increase instate production of biofuels without causing a significant degradation of public health and environmental quality.

California Executive Order S-3-05 (2005)
On June 1, 2005, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S-3-05. The goal of this Executive Order is to reduce California’s GHG emissions to: 1) 2000 levels by 2010, 2) 1990 levels by 2020, and 3) 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. While two of the benchmark years have passed, the City of City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
26 Bradbury, along with the rest of the state, can still aim to reduce GHG emissions 80% below the 1990 levels by the year 2050.

Assembly Bill 32 and Executive Order S-20-06 (2006)
In 2006, California adopted Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act, as an effort to address the effects of climate change and help reach the goals presented in Executive Order S-3-05. AB 32 sets the same overall GHG emissions reduction goals while further mandating that CARB create a plan, which includes market mechanisms, and implement rules to achieve “real, quantifiable, cost-effective reductions of greenhouse gases.”
Executive Order S-20-06 further directs State agencies to begin implementing AB 32, including the recommendations made by the State’s Climate Action Team.

Bioenergy Action Plan – Executive Order S-06-06 (2006)
Executive Order S-06-06 establishes targets for the use and production of biofuels and biopower. The order also directs State agencies to work together to advance biomass programs while providing environmental protection and mitigation. The executive order establishes targets to increase production and use of ethanol and biodiesel fuels by a minimum of 20% by 2010, 40% by 2020, and 75% by 2050.

Additionally, the executive order sets targets for the state related to the use of biomass electricity and cogeneration facilities.

Senate Bill 375 (2008)
California’s Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008 (SB 375) requires transportation agencies to develop a regional “Sustainable Communities Strategy” of land use, housing, and transportation policies that will move the region towards meeting the GHG reduction target set by the CARB. On September 3, 2020, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), the metropolitan planning organization responsible for Bradbury and surrounding regions, adopted Connect SoCal (2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy), which sets forth a long-range visioning plan that balances future mobility and housing needs with economic, environmental, and public health goals.

Assembly Bill 162 (2009)
This bill requires, upon the next revision of the housing element, on or after January 1, 2009, the Conservation Element of the General Plan to identify rivers, creeks, streams, flood corridors, riparian habitat, and land that may accommodate floodwater for purposes of groundwater recharge and stormwater management. By imposing new duties on local public officials, the bill creates a statemandated local program.

This bill also requires, upon the next revision of the housing element, on or after January 1, 2009, the safety element to identify, among other things, information regarding flood hazards and to establish a set of comprehensive goals, policies, and objectives, based on specified information for the protection of the community from, among other things, the unreasonable risks of flooding.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
27 Assembly Bill 341 California’s Mandatory Commercial Recycling Law (2012) The purpose of AB 341 is to reduce GHG emissions by diverting commercial solid waste to recycling efforts and to expand the opportunity for additional recycling services and recycling manufacturing facilities in California.

California Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (2014) On September 16, 2014, Governor Brown signed into law a package of bills (SB 1168, AB 1739, and SB 1319) collectively called the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. The Act requires local governments and water agencies with high and medium priority groundwater basins to halt overdraft and bring basins into sustainable levels of pumping and recharge. For each basin, local agencies are required to form new groundwater sustainability agencies and prepare groundwater sustainability plans with quantifiable objectives for achievement of sustainability within 20 years.

Senate Bill 379 (2015)
SB 379 revises Government Code Section 65302(g)(4) to require cities and counties to update their safety elements to address climate adaptation and resiliency strategies applicable to their jurisdiction. The updates are required at the next update of their local hazard mitigation plan (LHMP) on or after January 1, 2017. Local jurisdictions without an LHMP must update their safety elements beginning on or before January 1, 2022. The safety element update must include:
• A vulnerability assessment identifying the risks that climate change poses to the local jurisdiction • A set of goals, policies, and objectives based on a vulnerability assessment for the protection of the community
• A set of feasible implementation strategies to carry out the goals, policies, and objectives Statewide Emergency Water Conservation Regulations (2016) In 2016, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) adjusted emergency water conservation regulations in recognition of the differing water supply conditions and ongoing drought across the state to comply with the Governor’s executive order declaring a drought emergency.

Executive Order B-37-16, Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life, updates temporary emergency water restrictions and transitions to permanent, long-term improvements in water use by:
• Providing for wiser water use
• Eliminating water waste
• Strengthening local drought resilience
• Improving agricultural water use efficiency and drought planning In April 2017, a new Executive Order lifted the drought emergency, but retained many of the conservation requirements. Most regulations are still in effect except for water supply “stress test” requirements and conservation standards for urban water suppliers. The temporary restrictions established a baseline of the types of benefits that are possible from water conservation requirements.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
28 Senate Bill 1383 (2016)
In September 2016, Governor Brown signed SB 1383, Short-Lived Climate Pollutants: Organic Waste Methane Emissions Reductions, establishing methane emissions reduction targets in a statewide effort to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) in various sectors of California’s economy. The bill codifies the CARB’s SLCP Reduction Strategy, established pursuant to SB 605 (2014), in order to achieve reductions in the statewide emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. Actions to reduce short-lived climate pollutants are essential to address the many impacts of climate change on human health, especially in California’s most at-risk communities, and on the environment.

California State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018)
The 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan is the State’s primary hazard mitigation guidance document. It seeks to help communities with their mitigation and disaster resiliency efforts to reduce or eliminate potential risks and impacts of natural and human-caused disasters. The 2018 plan was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) on September 28, 2018, and includes:
• An updated statewide risk assessment, disaster history, and statistics • Recent mitigation progress, success stories, and best practices • Updated State hazard mitigation goals, objectives, and strategies • Updated climate mitigation progress and adaptation strategies California Water Plan (2018)
The California Water Plan is the State’s strategic plan for sustainably managing and developing water resources for current and future generations. Required by Water Code Section 10005(a), it presents the status and trends of California’s water-dependent natural resources; water supplies; and agricultural, urban, and environmental water demands for a range of plausible future scenarios. The plan is updated every five years, with the most recent update occurring in 2018.

Local
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012-2030
A variety of goals, policies, and actions contained in the existing City of Bradbury General Plan address climate change vulnerabilities. Specific goals, policies, and implementation actions found within the General Plan that are most related to climate change include:

Land Use Element
• Goal 2: Preserve the identity, image and environmental quality of the hillside and open space areas in perpetuity by enforcing the Hillside Development Standards. o Objective 1: To maintain the existing character of the community and to preserve those environmental resources and amenities that make the City of Bradbury a desirable place to live.
 Policy 1: The residential character of the community and environmental resources important to the City will be maintained.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
29 • Action 1: Encourage as much hillside preservation as possible through the use of conservation easements, acquisition efforts by conservation organizations or preservation as natural preserves that promote the protection of natural hillsides as open-space in perpetuity. • Action 3: Revise the City’s Design Guidelines to promote sustainable building and development design alternatives.

Community Resources Element – Open Space
• Goal 1: Protect and enhance Bradbury’s Open-Space.
o Objective 1: Make open-space resources available to existing and future residents. o Objective 2: Make open-space resources accessible without the need to use motorized transportation.
 Policy 1: Protect and preserve oak woodlands and mandate replacement planting of native oaks where oak woodlands are proposed for alteration.  Policy 2: Protect water quality.
 Policy 3: Mandatory replacement planting of native trees and oaks.  Policy 4: Protect existing Blueline Streams.
 Policy 5: Prevention of soil erosion.
 Policy 6: Preservation of historically or culturally significant sites.  Policy 7: Protect wildlife and their habitats, including rare and endangered species.
 Policy 8: Protection of rare and endangered plants.
 Policy 9: Promote development and management of public and private parks, trails and recreational areas.
• Action 1: Protect water quality.
• Action 2: Avoid drainage run-off where possible.
• Action 3: Promote landscaping efforts that comply with State water efficient standards, fire department standards, and protection of plant and wildlife communities.
• Action 4: Prevent soil erosion.
• Action 6: Promote public acquisition of open-space land by non-profit land trusts or conservation organizations.
• Action 7: Use Specific Plans to set aside open-space areas as part of development proposals.
• Action 8: Explore the use of transferring development rights to create and preserve open-space.
• Action 9: Explore grant financing opportunities to acquire and development pedestrian and equestrian trails.

Community Resources Element – Conservation
• Goal 1: Maintain a healthy and clean city.
• Goal 3: Protect the valuable watershed and natural habitat areas. • Goal 4: Protect and maintain the local water supply to ensure that the City’s growing demand for water is properly accommodated.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
30 • Goal 5: Protect Bradbury’s environment through the use of renewable energy resources. • Goal 7: Regulate future surface streets to minimize impacting natural open-space areas. • Goal 8: Ensure that development in the steep foothill area is sensitive to the local environment. • Goal 9: Maintain Land Use policies that have minimal impact on existing air quality. • Goal 10: Maximize efforts to reduce air pollution from mobile sources. • Goal 11: Strive to achieve ambient levels of particulate matter to meet State and Federal clean air standards.
o Objective 2: Provide adequate waste disposal systems and increase the use of compatible renewable energy resources.
o Objective 5: Continue to develop a comprehensive NPDES plan that meets State standards.
 Policy 1: Protect water bodies, watersheds and courses from development impacts.
 Policy 3: Protect surface water resources from contamination.  Policy 5: Conserve water supplies (ground and surface).  Policy 6: Conserve riparian vegetation.
 Policy 7: Conserve wildlife habitat and assist residents in living with wildlife.  Policy 8: Conserve oak woodlands
 Policy 10: Control and prevent erosion.
 Policy 11: Enforce preservation landscape design programs.  Policy 12: Protect sensitive plant species and their habitats.  Policy 13: Protect rare, threatened, or endangered species.  Policy 14: Explore the use of Habitat Conservation Plans and Natural Communities Conservation Programs.
 Policy 15: Eliminate identified water pollution sources.  Policy 16: Improve major sewer, water, and storm drainage systems.  Policy 17: Control hazardous materials in areas where water pollution is possible.  Policy 18: Implement and maintain flood management facilities.  Policy 19: Protect natural resources
 Policy 20: Protect and improve air quality through coordinated efforts with other public agencies and jurisdictions.
• Action 6: Promote green waste and recycling programs such as “green and clean” which increases the usage of green waste for compost and reduces the amount of green waste exported.
• Action 10: Create and maintain renewable energy guidelines for residents.
• Action 11: Plan and schedule implementation for additional TMDLs. • Action 12: Plan for measures to control pollutants in surface runoff. • Action 13: Develop public education and outreach programs with regard to surface runoff, catch basin and storm drainage system maintenance. • Action 14: Implement procedures to detect and eliminate illegal discharges and illicit disposal practices.
• Action 17: Provide community residents with information as to how to peacefully coexist with the natural wildlife inhabiting the area.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
31 Health and Safety Element – Safety
• Safety Goal 1: To protect the citizens, their property and public facilities from natural and manmade hazards.
• Safety Goal 2: To establish, maintain, and develop awareness on the part of all residents of Bradbury as to how to react and protect themselves and each other, in the event of a natural or manmade hazard or disaster.
• Safety Goal 4: To minimize the risk to persons and property due to seismic activity. • Safety Goal 5: To minimize the risk to lives and property due to fire hazards. • Safety Goal 7: Protect the community from flood and landslides. • Safety Goal 8: Assure that existing and new development addresses fire protection in a proactive and preventative way.
o Safety Objective 1: Prepare the community for expected or unexpected disasters resulting from natural or manmade causes.
o Safety Objective 3: Communicate with Bradbury residents through all available media that safety personnel are properly trained to provide assistance in the event of a disaster. o Safety Objective 4: Implement the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan in a timely manner. o Safety Objective 6: Assure that potential flooding and landslide hazards are reviewed during new development.
o Safety Objective 7: Ensure that adequate service levels of fire protection are maintained in the City.
 Safety Policy 2: Implement precautionary measures in high risk areas to reduce injury and loss of property caused by natural or manmade hazards.  Safety Policy 4: Provide adequate levels of service to ensure that the residents are protected to the best of the City’s ability from natural and manmade disasters.
 Safety Policy 5: Cooperate with Federal, State, and County agencies responsible for the enforcement of all health and safety laws and regulations.  Safety Policy 9: Support continuing review and updating of the City’s Disaster Preparedness Program manual.
 Safety Policy 11: Maintain and evaluate the level of safety services available to the community.
 Safety Policy 13: Continue to support “mutual assistance” agreements between local and State fire fighting agencies.
 Safety Policy 14: Continue to support programs to reduce fire hazards within the community.
 Safety Policy 20: Require that all new development incorporate sufficient measures to mitigate flood and landslide hazards including but not limited to onsite drainage systems and grading of site to minimize stormwater runoff. • Safety Action 4: Update the hillside development standards which include fire prevention design measures.
• Safety Action 5: Continue to make emergency and disaster preparedness a community priority.
• Safety Action 6: Update and review the Emergency Operation Plan annually.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
32 • Safety Action 7: City staff to continue to work with the LACFD on brush removal and weed abatement from April to June.
• Safety Action 10: Maintain and update the multi-hazard emergency plan for the City.
• Safety Action 11: Continue support and participation with the Emergency Response Committee.

Climate Action Plan
The Climate Action Plan is incorporated into the existing General Plan. The relevant goals, policies, and actions of the Climate Action Plan are:
• Goal 1: Preserve the energy efficiency of existing housing units within the community. • Goal 2: Move toward net zero energy development to minimize additional energy demand within the community.
• Goal 3: Integrate innovative and cost effective water conservation efforts into new and existing development to conserve energy used to pump, treat, and convey water. • Goal 4: Optimize shading and cooling to reduce community-wide energy demand. • Goal 5: Conserve energy and limited fiscal resources through energy efficiency and conservation improvements at the Civic Center.
o Objective 1: Reduce dependence on nonrenewable energy resources. o Objective 2: Reduce energy consumption by City owned facilities and equipment. o Objective 3: Reduce energy consumption by all residential dwellings.  Policy 1: Annually monitor and report the City’s progress toward achieving the reduction target.
 Policy 2: Regularly review and update the City’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory, energy profile and Energy Action Plan.
 Policy 3: Continue to develop collaborative partnerships that support implementation of the Energy Action Plan.
 Policy 4: Support regional funding efforts to implement the Energy Action Plan.  Policy 5: Promote the reduction of dependency on motor vehicles by encouraging the use of alternate transportation modes.
• Action 1: Recognize homeowners that have implemented cost effective energy efficiency improvements.
• Action 2: Encourage homeowner associations to support community energy efficiency efforts such as an annual neighborhood energy conservation competition.
• Action 3: Provide a residential energy efficiency checklist that prioritizes actions by return on investment to interested homeowners. • Action 4: Provide incentives to encourage various homeowners to participate in an energy audit that can be used as a case study for others. • Action 5: Encourage homeowners to participate in utility funded energy efficiency programs and retrofits such as Energy Upgrade California. • Action 6: Provide new construction owners with educational materials and resources that assist with energy efficiency improvements.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
33 • Action 7: Create and enforce outdoor lighting efficiency standards. • Action 8: Explore group purchase programs to reduce the cost of purchasing energy-efficient appliances, lighting, or pool equipment. • Action 9: Encourage the use of smart grid-integrated appliances to allow for programming to operate appliances remotely or when energy costs are at their lowest.
• Action 10: Encourage the use of variable speed drive pumps for pools and spas.
• Action 11: Work with adjacent and regional governmental entities to pursue funding for residential audits and retrofits.
• Action 12: Pursue grants or other financial sources to fund showcase home energy retrofits.
• Action 13: Consider including the policies of the model energy efficiency code and checklist, prepared by the San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments, into the City’s zone code and design guidelines where feasible.
• Action 14: Utilize improvement to City facilities such as landscaping to demonstrate the effective use of appropriate water-efficient vegetation. • Action 15: Encourage the water purveyor to provide water efficiency kits or other resources to City residents.
• Action 16: Encourage the use of recirculating water systems for decorative water features.
• Action 17: Promote the retention of natural vegetation and the rural character of the community.
• Action 18: Promote the use of cool roofs, light-colored paved surfaces, and permeable pavement in new and existing residential projects. • Action 19: Conduct an audit of City facilities every five years to assure peak energy performance and identify new technologies or appliances to be installed as they become cost-effective.
• Action 20: Participate in the San Gabriel Valley Council of Government’s utility manager program, the Enterprise Energy Management Information System, to regularly track energy use and identify cost-saving opportunities through sub-metering and energy management.

City of Bradbury Municipal Code
Title IV of the Municipal Code is dedicated to Public Safety. Chapter 3, Fire Code, within this Title includes the adoption of the most recent (2019) California Fire Code (Section 4.03.010, Adoption of Fire Code), violation infractions, and responsibilities of specific parties. Title IV also contains Chapter 4, Emergency Preparedness; the purposes of this chapter are to provide for the preparation and carrying out of plans within the City in the event of an emergency; the direction of the emergency organization; and the coordination of the emergency functions of the City with all other public agencies, corporations, organizations, and affected private persons. Further, Chapter 5, Floodplain Management, is included in this Title as well. Chapter 5 discusses development regulations and procedures when potential flood City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
34 hazards are present; Article III, Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction, establishes standards for construction and proposed new development.

Title IX, Development Code, discusses all aspects of development, from administrative organization to development code definitions, to development permit procedures, to site planning. The purpose of the regulations contained in this Title is to classify, designate, regulate, and restrict the use of buildings, land, and structures, in order to permit the optimum use of land within the City; to serve the needs of residential, agricultural, water conservation, and other purposes within the City; to regulate and limit the height, number of stories, size, and location of buildings and other structures, hereafter designed, erected, or altered; to regulate the size of yards and open spaces; to regulate and limit the density of population; to facilitate adequate provisions for community utilities and facilities, such as transportation, water, sewage, schools, parks, and other public requirements; to lessen congestion on streets; and to promote the public health, safety, welfare, and general prosperity with the aim of preserving a wholesome, serviceable, and attractive community.

Title XV, Street and Public Works, contains Chapter 3, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Measures, and Chapter 4, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Control. The purpose of Chapter 3, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Measures, is to protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the City by:
(1) Regulating the discharge of non-stormwater fluids into the municipal stormwater drainage system;
(2) Providing for the control of spillage, dumping, or disposal of contaminants, chemicals, or materials into the municipal stormwater drainage system; and
(3) Reducing pollutants in stormwater and urban runoff to the maximum extent practicable.

This Chapter regulates illicit discharge, illicit disposal, construction sites that require a building permit, penalties warranted for failing to comply with the Chapter, and fees.

The purpose of Chapter 4, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Control, is to ensure the future health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the City and the water quality of the receiving water of the County and surrounding coastal areas. The objective of Section 15.04.120, Stormwater pollution control measures for development planning and construction activities, is to establish requirements for construction activities and facility operations of development and redevelopment projects to comply with the current municipal NPDES permit, lessen the water quality impacts of development by using smart growth practices, and integrate LID design principles to mimic predevelopment hydrology through infiltration, evapotranspiration, and rainfall harvest and use. LID shall be inclusive of SUSMP requirements. Section 15.04.130, Stormwater pollution control requirements, states that the site for every planning priority project shall be designed to control pollutants, pollutant loads, and runoff volume to the maximum extent feasible by minimizing impervious surface area and controlling runoff from impervious surfaces through infiltration, evapotranspiration, bioretention, and/or rainfall harvest and use.

Title XVII, Building Regulations, contains the adoption of numerous state codes: Chapter 1, Building Code; Chapter 2, Mechanical Code; Chapter 3; Plumbing Code; Chapter 4, Electrical Code; Chapter 7, Underground Utility Facilities; Chapter 8, Water Service Requirements; Chapter 9, Green Building City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
35 Standards Code; Chapter 10, Water Conservation/Water of Water. Each code helps ensure safety, security, and reliability with regard to the operation of its respective field.

City of Bradbury Community Wildfire Protection Plan (2022) The Bradbury CWPP was developed for the City with input and direction from stakeholders and the community. The purpose of this collaboratively prepared CWPP is to serve as a fire protection planning document that presents the City’s physical characteristics, wildfire hazard, assets at risk from wildfire, vegetation/fuel management projects and specifications, and goals and action items intended to reduce wildfire risk in the City.

Development of the Bradbury CWPP included an assessment of wildfire hazard, which involved modeling potential fire behavior around the City under extreme wind and weather conditions, consistent with conditions experienced during a Santa Ana wind event. Other wildfire hazard variables were evaluated (terrain, weather, fuels, development patterns, fire department response, structure density, etc.) to identify the Very High Fire Hazard Areas adjacent to the City.

The CWPP outlines a series of policies and action items which are intended to guide implementation of the CWPP. The policies and actions focus on codes and standards, funding, fire rehabilitation, evacuation, fire protection, vegetation/fuels management, and public education. Action items identify tasks to be implemented by the City and the LACoFD, and other responsible City Departments, to achieve the stated goal of protecting lives, property, and natural resources threatened by wildland fire.

City of Bradbury Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (2019)
The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) provides a framework for planning for natural hazards. The resources and background information in the plan are applicable City-wide and to City-owned facilities outside of the City boundaries, and the goals and recommendations provide groundwork for local mitigation plans and partnerships. The LHMP is divided into four parts: Planning Process, Risk Assessment, Mitigation Strategies, and Appendix.

The LHMP was prepared in response to the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). DMA 2000 (also known as Public Law 106-390) requires state and local governments to prepare mitigation plans to document their mitigation planning process, and identify hazards, potential losses, mitigation needs, goals, and strategies. This type of planning supplements the City’s comprehensive land use planning and emergency management planning programs. The document is a federally mandated update to the City of Bradbury 2007 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan and ensures continuing eligibility for Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funding.

Los Angeles County Operational Area Emergency Response Plan (2012) The Los Angeles County Operational Area Emergency Response Plan (OAERP) provides guidance and procedures for the County and the County as the Operational Area (OA) to prepare for and respond to natural, technological, conflict-related, and human-caused incidents creating situations requiring a coordinated response. It provides guidance for management concepts, identifies organizational structures and relationships, and describes responsibilities and functions of the emergency organization to protect life and property. The plan describes the emergency organization and the process of preparing, responding to, and recovering from disasters.

City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
36 This page intentionally left blank
EXHIBIT “C”
City of Bradbury
SB 99 Analysis White Paper
Residential Emergency Evacuation
Route Analysis
Appendix H-S B
Prepared by De Novo Planning Group
May 2023
City of Bradbury | Evacuation Route Analysis
2 City of Bradbury SB 99 Analysis White Paper
In coordination with its Health and Safety Element Update (2023), the City of Bradbury has prepared an analysis consistent with Senate Bill 99 to identify residential developments in high hazard zones that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. The analysis identified one (1) residential area of concern in the high hazard zone that warrants further study, and that is located on the eastern side of the City. The following is an explanation of the methodology used to map the evacuation routes.

DEFINITIONS & DATA SOURCES

HAZARD AREAS
High Hazard Zones are defined as areas that are located in one or more of the following pre-defined hazard zones:

1. FEMA’s 100-year flood zone (NOT PRESENT)

2. California OES dam inundation area (PRESENT)

3. California Geological Survey’s Map Sheet 58 Landslide Susceptibility classes 8, 9, or 10 (PRESENT)

4. California Geological Survey’s Potential Liquefaction areas, mapped as part of the California Seismic Hazard Zonation Program (PRESENT)

5. California Geological Survey’s Potential Landslide areas, mapped as part of the California Seismic Hazard Zonation Program (PRESENT)

6. California Geological Survey’s Alquist-Priolo Fault Hazard Zones (PRESENT)

7. CAL FIRE’s Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Local Responsibility Areas (PRESENT) These high hazard zones were combined into one single “Combined Hazard Area” using ArcGIS union geoprocessing tools.

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
Parcel data were obtained from the County of Los Angeles Enterprise Geographic Information Systems.

This parcel set includes Land Use Classifications based on the City’s General Plan land use designations (2014). Parcels with the “Residential” designation were considered residential developments for the purposes of this study.

ACCESS TO MAJOR ARTERIALS
The CAMS database from Los Angeles County was used to identify points of exit from clusters (neighborhoods) of residential parcels. Road centerlines were divided into three main classes:

1. Freeway or Highway

2. Arterial Road – These roads are noted as Primary and Secondary Roads in the CAMS database.

3. Minor Road – These roads are generally the first roads a resident will encounter when departing their residence.

City of Bradbury | Evacuation Route Analysis
3 ASSUMPTIONS & METHODOLOGY

IDENTIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN HAZARD AREAS Using ArcGIS, Residential Developments in Hazard Areas were identified by running a location query to find the parcels with Residential General Plan designations that intersect the single Combined Hazard Area.

IDENTIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL SUBDIVISION EXIT POINTS
The goal of this analysis was to find at least two separate points of exit from residential areas in hazard zones by following a rudimentary roadway network in which vehicles move from Minor Roads to Arterial Roads, and eventually to a Freeway or Highway. The following assumptions apply:

1. Residential Developments have immediate access to Minor/Residential Roads but are distant from Freeways.

2. Arterials connect Minor/Residential Roads to the Freeways.

3. Residential Exit Points are the points where Minor/Residential Roads intersect Arterials, thereby providing eventual access to a Freeway.

ANALYSIS & RESULTS

ANALYSIS
Upon visual analysis, residential parcels within the Combined Hazard Area were assigned to one of two categories:

1. One Exit Point with Access to Single Arterial

2. Multiple Exit Points with Access to Multiple Arterials

RESULTS
A total of 402 unique land parcels were identified as Residential AND within the Combined Hazard Area.

Of these:

1. 262 parcels in the western portion of the City have multiple exit points with access to multiple arterials (GREEN ON THE MAP).

2. 140 parcels in the eastern portion of the City have one exit point with access directly onto a single arterial (RED ON THE MAP).

CONCLUSION
The following neighborhoods should be reviewed for adequate exit strategies:
• Mount Olive Drive provides north-south access to the City of Bradbury in the eastern portion of the City. It provides the single point of access for many Bradbury residents, as well as residents living in the neighboring Duarte Mesa. A total of 140 single-family residential parcels in Bradbury and an undetermined number of single-family residential parcels in the Duarte Mesa must all exit the area via Mount Olive Drive, which is classified as a Collector Street in the City’s General Plan Circulation-Transportation Element and as Minor/Residential Road in the Los Angeles County City of Bradbury | Evacuation Route Analysis
4 CAMS database. Mount Olive Drive exits onto Royal Oaks Drive, which is classified as an Arterial Road. Although a potential secondary point of access exists via Woodlyn Lane, this street is gated and identified only as a “First Responders Ingress Route” in the Circulation-Transportation Element. Woodlyn Lane is not considered a through street from Mount Olive Drive.

ATTACHMENT #2
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft April 10, 2013Revised November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. i
General Plan 2012-2030
Health and Safety Element
(Noise and Safety Elements Combined)
Table of Contents Topic Pg. No.

Noise Chapter
Purpose 1
Noise Chapter Objective 2
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements 2
Overview of Noise Element Issues 2
Characteristics of Traffic Noise 4
Existing Noise Environment 4
Future Noise Environment 6
Noise Sensitive Land Uses 7
Noise Mitigation Plan 7
Noise Goals, Objectives and Policies 11
Noise Goals 11
Noise Objectives 11
Noise Policies 12
Noise Implementation Action Programs 13
Safety Chapter
Purpose 14
Safety Chapter Objective 14
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements 15
Related Agencies, Laws and Plans 15
Overview of Safety ChapterElement Issues
16 Historic Wildfires in the City of BradburyFire Hazards 16 Flood Hazards 20
Geologic Hazards 21
Landslides 22
Erosion 22
Seismic Hazards 22
Ground Rupture 25
Ground Shaking 25
Liquefaction 25
Seiches 26
Liquefaction
Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plan 28
Police Services 29
Fire Services 29
Formatted: Right: 0.25"
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Formatted: Right: 0.25"
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft April 10, 2013Revised November 2023 Health and Safety Page No. ii
Medical Services 29
Peakload Water Supply 29
Hazard Mitigation Plan 30
Hazardous Waste and Materials Management Program 31
Emergency Preparedness 31
Disaster Area Management 32
Alert LA County 32
Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP) 33
Evacuation Routes and Reception Centers 34
Climate Change and Resiliency Planning 37
Safety Goals, Objectives and Policies 38
Safety Goals 38
Safety Objectives 38
Safety Policies 39
Safety Implementation Action Programs 42
Appendices
Appendix H-S A Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Appendix H-S B Evacuation Route Analysis
Tables
Table H-S Noise No. 1 (Existing Noise Measurements) 6
Table H-S Noise No. 2 (Existing and Future Roadway Noise Levels (CNEL)) 7 Exhibits
Exhibit H-S Noise No. 1 (Acoustical Scale) 3
Exhibit H-S Noise No. 2 (Noise Contour Map) 10
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1 (Fire Hazard Severity Zones) 18 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2 (Regional Fault Segments) 24
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 (City Seismic Hazard Zone Map) 27 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 (Emergency Access and Evacuation Plan) 36 Formatted: Right: 0.25"
Formatted: Right: 0.25"
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 14
Safety Chapter
Purpose
The Bradbury General Plan Health and Safety Element is comprised of two state-mandated general plan elements (Noise and Safety). The Safety Chapter of the Health and Safety Element focuses on those elements of risk to the residents that should be considered in current and future development planning.

The purpose of the Safety Chapter is to protect the community from any unreasonable risks associated with the effects of seismically induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, seiche, and dam failure; slope instability leading to mudslides and landslides; subsidence, liquefaction, and other seismic hazards identified pursuant to Chapter 7.8 (commencing with Section 2690) of Division 2 of the Public Resources Code, and other hazards known to the legislative body; including flooding; and wildland and urban fires.

The Safety Chapter of the Health and Safety Element includes mapping of known seismic and other geologic hazards. It also addresses evacuation routes, peakload water supply requirements, and minimum road widths and clearances around structures, as those items relate to identified fire and geologic hazards. Pursuant to Senate Bill (SB) 379, the Safety Chapter addresses climate adaptation and resilience strategies applicable to the City as well.

This Safety Chapter is the primary vehicle for relating local safety planning with the City’s land use decisions. The City has established land use policies, standards, and designations based on among other things the criteria set forth in this Safety Chapter. Additionally, local decisions related to zoning, subdivisions, and entitlement permits, for example, will be tied to the Safety Chapter’s identification of hazards and hazard abatement provisions. The City of Bradbury Safety Chapter examines those issues related to protecting the community from any unreasonable risks associated with earthquakes, slope instability, flooding, and fire. The Chapter also indicates design standards, such as peakload water supply requirements; minimum road widths; and clearances around structures. Finally, the Safety Chapter identifies evacuation routes and emergency reception centers.

The Safety Chapter works in conjunction with the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan, which was developed in accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) and followed FEMA’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan guidance. The Hazard Mitigation Plan incorporates a process where hazards are identified and profiled, the people and facilities at risk are analyzed, and mitigation actions are developed to reduce or eliminate hazard risk. The implementation of these mitigation actions, which include both short and long-term strategies, involve planning, policy changes, programs, projects, and other activities. To access the latest Hazard Mitigation Plan, please visit the City’s web site at:
https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public_safety/index.php.

Safety Element Objective
Hazards affecting the City of Bradbury can be divided into two major categories: 1) naturally occurring hazards; and 2) manmadehuman-caused hazards. Naturally occurring hazards include City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 15
earthquakes, wildland fires, floods, and slope failure. Chemical contamination, structural fires, transportation accidents and air and water pollution are examples of manmadehuman-caused hazards.

The objective of the Safety Chapter is to enable the City to be sensitive to those natural and manmadehuman-caused hazards in future decision-making and to be able to respond in a timely manner in the event of an emergency. As a result, the following principal serves as the framework for the City of Bradbury Safety Chapter: Public safety is the focus of the emergency preparedness plan which emphasizes the risks associated with earthquakes, wildfire, flooding, and other manmadehuman-caused and natural hazards. In response to this principal, the Safety Chapter provides the foundation for a detailed inventory of those risks that need to be considered. This Chapter also establishes standards related to public safety.

Relationship to Other General Plan Elements
California Planning Law requires that all elements of the General Plan be consistent. While all of the General Plan Elements are independent, they are also interrelated. Certain goals and policies of one element may also address items that are issues of other elements. This integration of issues throughout the General Plan creates a strong basis for the implementation of plans, programs and achievement of community goals. The Safety Chapter is most directly related to the Land Use and Circulation Elements and the Conservation and Open Space Chapters.

Related Agencies, Laws and Plans
The following state mandates impact planning and development:

Colbey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act. The Colbey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act encourages local governments to plan, adopt and enforce land use regulations for floodplain management, in order to protect people and property from flooding hazards. This Act also identifies requirements which jurisdictions must meet in order to receive state financial assistance for flood control.

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act requires the state Geologist to identify earthquake fault zones along traces of both recently and potentially active major faults. Cities and counties that contain such zones must inform the public regarding zone location.

Seismic Hazards Mapping Act. Pursuant to the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act, the state Geologist compiles maps identifying seismic hazard zones. Development in seismic hazard areas is subject to policies and criteria established by the State Mining and Geology Board. Additionally, approval of development on a site within a seismic hazard area mandates the preparation of a geotechnical report and local agency consideration of compliance with applicable state requirements.

Landslide Hazard Identification Program. The Landslide Hazard Identification Program requires the state Geologist to prepare maps of potential landslide zones within urbanizing areas.

Fire Hazards. Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189 direct the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) to map areas of significant fire hazards based on fuels, City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 16
terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. These zones, referred to as Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ), define strategies to reduce the risk associated with wildland fires. As part of this mapping effort, areas designated for management by CAL FIRE are identified as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). Areas managed by local fire departments are identified as Local Responsibility Areas (LRA). The entire City of Bradbury lies within a LRA and fire protection is provided by the County of Los Angeles Fire Department (LACoFD). Most of the City is located within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) established by CAL FIRE and reflected on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1. In 2012, the California State Legislature adopted SB 1241 which requires communities to protect themselves against wildland and urban fires by addressing the fire risk in areas designated as VHFHSZ.Recognizing that this concern throughout the State, in 2012 the Legislature adopted SB 1241 which requires communities to protect themselves against wildland and urban fires by addressing the fire risk in areas of State responsibility and areas designated very high fire hazard severity zones.

Overview of Safety Chapter Issues
The City of Bradbury has attempted to identify and analyze natural and manmadehuman-caused hazards and the associated risks that residents may be subjected to.

Fire Hazards The threat of wildfires in foothill areas in Southern California has been of concern for many years. Very high risk for wildfire is evident in areas having steep slopes that are covered with chaparral vegetation and where there is limited access for fire control equipment.

Low risk areas are developed urban areas where fire access is readily available and the terrain is relatively flat. Industrial areas, hazardous material users, structures with substandard electrical wiring, overhead high voltage power lines, and high pressure gas lines are examples of urban fire hazards.

The City of Bradbury developed a Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) with input and direction from City of Bradbury stakeholders and the community. The purpose of the CWPP is to serve as a fire protection planning document that presents the City’s physical characteristics, wildfire hazard, assets at risk from wildfire, vegetation/fuel management projects and specifications, and goals and action items intended to reduce wildfire hazard in the City. The ultimate goal of the CWPP is to protect lives, property, and natural resources threated by wildland fire. The final version of the CWPP was adopted by the Bradbury City Council on March 15, 2022 and was annexed into the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan on August 16, 2022. To access the Community Wildfire Protection Plan, please visit the City’s web site at:
https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public_safety/cwpp.php In order to facilitate immediate firefighting response, the City should have the following standards for areas that are located in high or very high FHSZs:
• There should be sufficient access routes and roads for emergency vehicles and for the evacuation of residents from all areas.
• Adequate access should be provided for all developed areas. All roadways to hazard areas should be of sufficient width to accommodate firefighting equipment. Streets should be marked and addresses should be posted in plain view. Adequate water supply should be available and adequate sufficient for fire suppression activity.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 17
The County of Los Angeles Fire Department has identified virtually all of the City of Bradbury as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. All development within the VHFHSZ should comply with the standards set forth in the LACoFD’s Fuel Modification Plan. The three primary components needed to reduce fire losses are:

1. Implementing building construction methods that reduce building fire hazards;

2. Providing adequate defensible space around structures to reduce fuel; and

3. Identifying areas where there is a significant risk and a history of significant losses.

Good defensible space around structures allows adequate area for firefighters to fight a fire and avoid injury to personnel and equipment. Terrain, climate conditions, and vegetation interact to affect fire behavior.

Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189 direct the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) to map areas of significant fire hazards based on fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. These zones, referred to as Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ), define strategies to reduce the risk associated with wildland fires. As part of this mapping effort, areas designated for management by CDF are identified as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). Areas managed by local fire departments are identified as Local Responsibility Areas (LRA).

The majority of the City of Bradbury is located within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone established by the County of Los Angeles Fire Department and reflected on H-S Exhibit Safety No. 1. The entire City lies within a Local Responsibility Area (LRA). Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 4291 requires that homeowners provide fuel modification to 100 feet around their buildings to create a defensible space for firefighters and to protect their homes from wildfires.

Residents must reduce dry fuel around the perimeter of any structure and comply with the adopted codes that provide standards for mitigating fire hazards. Good defensible space around structures allows adequate area for firefighters to fight a fire and avoid injury to personnel and equipment.

Terrain, climate conditions, and vegetation interact to affect fire behavior.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 0
Sources: CAL FIRE, Los Angeles County GIS;
Map date: November 10, 2022
Formatted: Width: 11", Height: 8.5"
Formatted: Right
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 1
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1

FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES
Formatted: Space Before: 6 pt
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 0
Bradbury’s location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains creates an wildland-urban interface (WUI) that makes Bradbury more susceptible to wildfires than cities that do not border the foothills.

During community workshops many residents expressed their concern that safety and preparedness were the highest priority for the community.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) provides fire danger forecasting tools that utilize a combination of satellite-derived vegetation indices, various biogeophysical variables, and weather information to produce 7-day forecasts. The City may use these tools in coordination with LACoFD to determine fire potential index, large fire probability, and fire spread probability.

Historic Wildfires in the City of Bradbury
Fortunately, there have been limited wildfire outbreaks within the City, and they are described below.
1953 Duarte Fire. This fire originated between Spinks Canyon and Maddock Canyon in wildland area. A total of 561 acres burned in this fire.
1958 Norum Fire. This fire burned in the foothills north of Monrovia, Duarte, Bradbury and Azusa.

A total of 6,440 acres burned in the Norum Fire.
1980 Stable Fire. On November 16, 1980 a fire storm that had been fanned by Santa Ana Wind conditions swept down from the foothills and destroyed 35 homes in the City of Duarte and 14 homes in the City of Bradbury. Reports indicated that the fire had moved from the City of Azusa, east of the San Gabriel River to the Duarte and Bradbury homes in 8 to 10 minutes, due to a strong shift in winds. Immediately after the fire, city and county personnel began taking measures to deal with the devastation. A Disaster Assistance Center was established at Duarte City Hall and federal and state agencies were contacted for help. The Los Angeles County Fire District set up a mobile command center and the City of Duarte set up an emergency shelter. In the weeks that followed the fire, the City established several programs to deal with possible floods and mudslides that could occur due to the bare slopes where all vegetation had been burned off. Mud diversion structures were constructed, sandbags were distributed, and parking was restricted on streets with potential slides.
2009 Station Fire. Since the Stable Fire other large wildland fires have occurred in the surrounding communities near Bradbury. The largest being the Station Fire of 2009. The Station Fire was the 10th largest wildfire in California history, burning 160,577 acres and killing two firefighters since it began in late August. The fire started in the Angeles National Forest near the U.S. Forest Service ranger station on the Angeles Crest Highway (State Highway 2). The blaze threatened 12,000 structures in the National Forest and the nearby communities of La Cañada Flintridge, Glendale, Acton, La Crescenta, Littlerock, Pasadena and Altadena, as well as the Sunland and Tujunga neighborhoods of the City of Los Angeles. The fire was predicted to burn for months and travel miles to the City of Azusa behind the City of Bradbury. The Station Fire burned on the slopes of Mount Wilson, threatening numerous television, radio and cellular telephone antennas on the summit, as well as the Mount Wilson Observatory, which includes several historically significant telescopes and multi-million-dollar astronomical facilities operated Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Not Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Not Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Not Bold
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 1
by UCLA, USC, UC Berkeley and Georgia State University. In October 2009, the fire went out due to a fall rainstorm.

Historic Wildfires near the City of Bradbury
Areas bordering the City are highly prone to wildfires and, therefore, the City is exposed to a threat from wildfires originating outside the cCity limits. Below are descriptions of two of the most recent notable fires outside the City. A list of additional fires within five miles of the City can be found in the CWPP.
2016 San Gabriel Complex Fire. The most recent wildfire outbreak closest to Bradbury was the San Gabriel Complex Ffire which ignited the morning of June 20, 2016. The San Gabriel Complex Ffire consisted of two fires, the Reservoir Fire and the Fish Fire. Both fires originated northeast of the cCity limits. The cause of the Reservoir Fire was due to a vehicle crash while the cause of the Fish Fire is still under investigation. The fires were burning in fuel that was 7-10 years old with 6 to 8-foot tall chaparral and large grass crops. At the height of the fire, 1,376 homes were evacuated. The American Red Cross established an Evacuation Center and 1,460 staff from multiple local, state, and federal agencies worked to protect property and suppress the fire. Road closures were in place and law enforcement patrolled for security while firefighters worked through the night to contain the fire. Although the San Gabriel Complex Fire threatened homes in the City, no property damage was reported.
2020 Bobcat Fire. The Bobcat Fire started on September 6, 2020. By December 18, it was fully contained and had burned 115,796 acres in the central San Gabriel Mountains, in and around the Angeles National Forest. It is one of the largest fires on record in Los Angeles County to date.

The fire triggered mandatory evacuation orders in parts of Arcadia and Camp Williams. The cause is still under investigation but is thought to be due to a power line conductor torching overhead trees. The fire initially spread southward which prompted evacuation orders for residents in Sierra Madre, Monrovia, Bradbury, and Duarte, along with evacuation warnings for those in Arcadia, Pasadena, and Altadena. The fire then grew westward and threatened the Mount Wilson Observatory by September 15, approaching within 500 feet of the observatory as firefighters worked to protect the structure. By September 17, the fire rapidly expanded to the north into Pleasant View Ridge Wilderness due to moderate coastal winds, leading to mandatory evacuations in Antelope Valley as the fire approached Juniper Hills. Containment difficulties were exacerbated by very dry vegetation and rugged topography that made it difficult to access. An estimated 6,000 structures were threatened and there were six injuries. ItThe fire destroyed 27 residences and damaged 28 others. It also destroyed 83 structures and damaged 19 others. Two hundred and forty personnel were deployed.

Flood Hazards The potential for flooding is generally described in terms of a statistically projected frequency. For example, a 100-year flood has a 1.0 percent chance of occurring in a given year, while a 500-year flood is one which has a 0.2 percent chance of happening in any given year. A 500-year flood would be slightly deeper and cover a greater area than a 100-year flood. The San Gabriel River lies east of the City of Bradbury, and it is designed to contain a 100- year flood. The river is fully operational and is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Los Angeles County Flood Control District. The construction of San Gabriel River improvements in 1947 reduced the local area's risk of flooding. Los Angeles County Drainage Area studies performed by the Army Corps of Engineers have shown no deficiencies along the Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Not Italic
Formatted: Font: Bold, Italic
Formatted: Font: Bold, Italic
Formatted: Justified
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 2
San Gabriel River. The elevated nature of the City removes Bradbury from flood danger from the San Gabriel River.

The San Gabriel River is the central backbone of the San Gabriel River Watershed. The watershed for the San Gabriel River is one of several coastal watersheds in Southern California that drain hundreds of square miles of mountainous and urban lands to the Pacific Ocean. The character of the river changes dramatically along its 58-mile journey from Cogswell Dam (near the headwaters in San Gabriel Mountains) to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean. On its run to the sea, the San Gabriel River passes through 19 different cities. A network of dams and flood control measures controls the San Gabriel River. The natural water cycle and flow are significantly altered to protect adjacent communities from flood damage and to better use local water resources for urban and agricultural water supplies.

Serious flooding has not been a problem in Bradbury because the low density residential development has permitted the retention of natural ground cover which retards serious floods. In addition to the natural ground cover, the Bradbury Debris Basin and the Spinks Debris Basin and check dams, maintained by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District, also provide the City with protection from large scale floods. A series of concrete lined channels and underground storm drains exist within and around the perimeter of the City. These backbone storm drain facilities are maintained by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District. The City’s large agriculturally zoned and developed parcels either retain surface run-off on-site or it is directed to the public facilities by a system of privately owned and maintained drainage swales. Minor occurrences concerning water runoff occurred in the past during extremely wet years, however privately owned improvements have been made to rectify the local flooding issues. These minor flooding problems tend to be localized and primarily relate to very small mudslides and small erosion problems in areas where the natural topography had been altered.

Much of the soil in Bradbury Canyon is of an alluvium base material and it is susceptible to runoff problems if the natural ground cover has been removed and not replaced with landscaping or other mitigating measures. The City maintains a policy of investigating any localized runoff or mudslide problems through the assistance of the City Engineer and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works.

Since the City of Bradbury has not been studied by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to ascertain flood hazards, it is difficult to estimate if there is an area that might be at risk of flooding. The City’s history does not contain any reports of catastrophic flooding that would endanger resident’s health or safety. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) designated Bradbury as “Zone D” which means that no analysis of flood hazards has been conducted.

Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements do not apply, but coverage is available.

Geologic Hazards The City of Bradbury is situated along the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, west of the San Gabriel River as reflected on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2. Geographically, the San Gabriel Mountain Range is made up of two roughly parallel ranges. The northern, inland range extends from Mt. Gleason eastward past the 9,000-ft. summit of Mt. Waterman and BadenPowell and terminates near the only summit over 10,000-ft. (Mt. San Antonio or Old Mt. Baldy).

The range’s major watershed is the San Gabriel River who’s three main forks and countless tributaries drain approximately 20 percent of the precipitation in the mountains.

There are geologic conditions within and around the City of Bradbury that could cause problems City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 3
if proper precautions are not taken. The northern mountainous areas of the City are generally too steep and bedrock is too unstable for typical construction. Erosion, landslides and ground shaking from earthquakes can be severe hazards within these areas. Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 identifies the portions of the City of Bradbury that are susceptible to landslide and liquefaction.

Landslides Geologic hazards in the City of Bradbury include the potential for landslides, erosion, and debris flow and liquefaction in areas with loose soils and high water tables. Landslide hazards may involve relatively intact, dense bedrock materials or highly fractured and broken, jumbled bedrock. Landslides often occur along pre-existing zones of weakness within the bedrock. Local folding of the bedrock adds to the potential for slope failure. However, many landslides do not seem to be controlled by the position of the bedding rock relative to the topography but by other factors such as rock type and its attendant characteristics (density of jointing and fracturing). Landslides have been known to occur in the northern steep sections of the City. Other areas of the City may experience landslides should conditions change that adversely affect slope stability.

Erosion Hazard Erosion is the natural process by which earth materials are loosened, worn away, decomposed, or dissolved, and transported to another site. Precipitation, runoff, running water, and wind are common agents of erosion. The potential for erosion is generally low in exposed natural slopes but it greatly increases when slopes have been denuded of all ground cover and vegetation. Barren slopes are more susceptible to erosion and subject to riling or raveling.

The potential for debris flow depends primarily on the presence of Colluvium deposits upstream and the increase in soil moisture due to heavy rainfall. A debris flow is a fast moving, liquefied landslide of unconsolidated, saturated debris that looks like flowing concrete. It is differentiated from a mudflow in terms of the viscosity and textural properties of the flow. Flows can carry material ranging in size from small stones to large boulders. Often debris flows contain large amounts of woody debris such as logs and tree stumps. The soil known as Colluvium is loose bodies of sediment that have been deposited or built up at the bottom of a low-grade slope or against a barrier. The deposits that collect at the foot of a steep slope or cliff are also known by the same name. The Bradbury and Spinks Canyon Debris Basins control debris flows.

Seismic Hazards The U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) is responsible for providing scientific information regarding natural hazards and disasters within the United States in order to protect and save lives. Geologic events and seismic activity in particular, are the primary natural hazards of the community. Earthquakes are caused by violent and abrupt releases of strain built up along faults. When a fault ruptures, energy is released in all directions from the source, or epicenter, in the form of seismic waves. Earthquakes generate two types of hazards. Primary hazards are ground shaking and surface rupture along faults. Secondary hazards result from the interaction of ground shaking with existing ground instabilities and include: liquefaction, settlement, and landslides.

The City of Bradbury is located in a seismically active region and in an area of potential fault rupture, strong ground shaking, and slope instability. These geologic and seismic hazards can affect the integrity of structures and utilities, and in turn can cause severe property damage and potential loss of life. In California, faults are common, ranging from small breaks of an inch or less, to the significant breaks experienced along the San Andreas Fault which extends for hundreds of City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 4
miles. In addition to size, the age of a fault has a direct bearing on the likelihood of generating an earthquake. Many large faults have not moved for millions of years and are considered “dead” or inactive.

The two principal seismic considerations for most cities in Southern California are damage to structures due to seismically induced ground shaking and surface rupture along active fault traces. Strong ground motions could have a major impact on the City of Bradbury due to the proximity and earthquake potential of nearby active faults. The local geologic and topographic conditions of Bradbury’s location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains could either amplify or attenuate the seismic waves. Surface ruptures could also have a major impact on the City of Bradbury. Surface ruptures occur during an earthquake when movement along an active fault breaks the ground surface.

The City of Bradbury contains two earthquake faults (H-S Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3). The Sierra Madre Fault extends through the major portion of the Bradbury along the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. The Duarte Fault extends across the southern portion of Bradbury and bisects an unincorporated County island. The Duarte fault is actually a “segment” of the Sierra Madre Fault.

Movement along these frontal faults has resulted in the uplift of the San Gabriel Mountains.

Seismic activity is expected to be a maximum of 7.2 magnitude.

The Sierra Madre-Cucamonga Fault Zone includes several fault segments extending for over 86 miles along the southern margin of the San Gabriel Mountains. The two main portions of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga Fault Zone include the Sierra Madre fault to the west and the Cucamonga fault to the east. The fault zone is inclined to the north, dipping below the San Gabriel Mountains and uplifting them above the Los Angeles Basin. The fault zone was responsible for the 1971 6.6 magnitude San Fernando earthquake on its westernmost segment near the City of Sylmar. The Sierra Madre fault passes through the northern portions of Pasadena, Arcadia, Monrovia, Bradbury, Duarte, Azusa, and portions of San Dimas. The locations of the regional faults are shown in H-S Exhibit Safety No. 2.

The Sierra Madre fault zone is divided into five main segments, labeled with the letters A through E, to more easily characterize this fairly complex system. It was not the fault responsible for the 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 5
Source: California Institute of Technology, SCEC, 02/07/2012 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2

REGIONAL FAULT SEGMENTS
The most recent surface ruptures are seen on the B and D segments. The least active segment, is the A segment, also known as the Vasquez Creek fault, which runs between the San Gabriel fault and the intersection of the B and C segments of the Sierra Madre fault zone. At the junction of the C and D segments, the Clamshell - Sawpit Canyon fault splays off from the fault zone, toward the northeast (shown in sea green on the map above). It was this fault, not the Sierra Madre fault zone itself, that ruptured to produce the Sierra Madre earthquake of 1991.

One of the strands that make up segment D is known as the Duarte fault, because of its location near that community. Segment E represents the easternmost part of this fault zone, and at its eastern end, it meets up with several other faults in a complex zone northwest of the City of Upland, near the epicenter of the 1990 Upland earthquake. The general trend of the Sierra Madre fault zone continues eastward from this point along the base of the San Gabriel Mountains, but this eastern continuation is known as the Cucamonga fault zone. The Cucamonga fault zone seems to be more active, (has a higher slip rate) than the Sierra Madre fault zone.

Faults are continuously being found by geologists/seismologists within the region. These scientists have identified almost 100 faults in the Los Angeles area that are suspected of being capable of generating earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater. Included within the newly discovered faults are faults classified as “blind thrusts.”. These faults do not reach the ground City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 6
surface but do connect many of the known surficial faults at depth and under virtually the entire Los Angeles, San Fernando and San Gabriel Basins. When a fault ruptures energy spreads in the form of seismic waves. Energy waves travel through the earth’s crust and eventually reach the ground interface creating surface waves which cause the ground to vibrate up and down and side to side. The City of Bradbury may experience some or all of the hazards associated with seismic waves including ground rupture, ground shaking, landslides, flooding, and liquefaction.

Ground Rupture represents the primary hazard associated with earthquake since it is the initial result of seismic events. Surface rupture poses a difficult seismic problem from an engineering standpoint, because it is far more expensive and complicated to design a foundation and structure to withstand the displacement of even fractions of a foot than to build without consideration of ground rupture. Such ground fractures can cause parallel displacement in the foundation, causing buildings to crack and split. Development should be avoided in areas of high fault potential.

Ground Shaking The most significant earthquake action in terms of structural damage and loss of life is ground shaking. Ground shaking is the movement of the earth’s surface in response to a seismic event. The intensity of the ground shaking and the resultant damages are determined by the magnitude of the earthquake, distance from the epicenter and characteristics of surface geology. This hazard is the primary cause of the collapse of buildings and other structures.

Increased hazards from earthquakes occur when the seismic activity occurs in a highly urbanized area. The significance of an earthquake’s ground shaking action is directly related to the density and type of buildings and the number of people exposed to its effect.

Liquefaction is a phenomenon involving the loss of shear strength of soil. Liquefaction involves a sudden loss in strength of saturated, cohesion soil (mostly sand) which is caused by shock or strain, such as generated by an earthquake and results in temporary transformation of the soil to fluid mass. If the liquefying layer is near the surface the effects are much like that of quicksand on any structure located on it. If the layer is in the subsurface, it may provide a sliding surface for the material above it.

Liquefaction typically occurs in areas where the groundwater surface is less than 30 feet below the grounds surface and where the soils are composed of soft fine sand. There are several liquefaction zones located in the northern and eastern portions of the City of Bradbury. During and after a severe rain event, liquefaction could occur should a moderate severe earthquake take place.

Although, Bradbury has not experience measurable ground failure due to an earthquake in recent years, the potential for damage due to ground failure is still present. Past seismic events indicate that the City of Bradbury has been free of major damaging earthquakes for at least 130 years.

However, a number of historic earthquakes have affected the City in varying degrees from nonstructural damage (toppling of building contents) to minor structural damage (cracks in swimming pools).

A major earthquake occurring in or near Bradbury may cause injuries and even death, extensive property damage, fire, hazardous spills and other hazardous effects that could be aggravated by aftershocks and by the secondary effects of fire, hazardous materials/chemicals accidents and possible failure of waterways and dams.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 7
Seiches, or periodic oscillations (“sloshing”) of bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, and bays, usually occur in moderate to great earthquakes. Seiches may raise and lower a water surface from a few inches to several feet, and may occur several thousand miles away from the earthquake epicenter.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 0
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3
Formatted: Width: 11", Height: 8.5"
Formatted: Left
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 1
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 BRADBURY SEISMIC HAZARD ZONE MAP City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 0
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 1
Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plan
The two existing emergency response plans, the County of Los Angeles All-Hazards Mitigation Plan and the Los Angeles County Operational Area Emergency Response Plan (OAERP), provide the tools to coordinate the disaster recovery operations of County fire control and law enforcement agencies with local agencies and governments. The City currently has a number of ordinances, programs and requirements in existence pertaining to seismic and fire hazards. Primary among these are the subdivision and building permit approval requirements for seismic strengthening and adequate access. The State Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) has established three levels of emergency response to peacetime emergencies, which are based on the severity of the situation and the availability of local resources in responding to that emergency. The three levels of emergency response include:
• Level 1: A minor-to-moderate incident wherein local resources are adequate in dealing with the current emergency.
• Level 2: A moderate-to-severe emergency where local resources are not adequate in dealing with the emergency and mutual aid assistance would be required on a regional or statewide basis.
• Level 3: A major disaster where local resources are overwhelmed by the magnitude of the disaster and state and federal assistance are required.

Each potential hazard to the public safety has been assessed according to the following levels of risk:
• Low Risk: The level of risk below which no specific action is deemed necessary.

The occurrence of a specific event is unlikely.
• Medium Risk: The level of risk above which specific action is required to protect life and property, though the probability of the event taking place is low to moderate.
• High Risk: Risk levels are significant and occurrence of a particular emergency situation is highly probable or inevitable.

The scope or risk refers to the geographic area that could be potentially affected with the occurrence of one of the hazards. The scope of risk includes three levels:
• Local: The affected geographic area that is directly affected is localized or site specific.
• Citywide: The affected area includes a significant portion or all of the City. • Regional: The affected area includes the entire City as well as the surrounding region.

The low-density character of Bradbury has been mentioned as a positive factor in terms of general safety. Any incremental intensification of existing residential uses may, to some degree, increase susceptibility to fire and/or seismic events. The expansion of urban uses is preceded by, or accomplished in conjunction with, the expansion of infrastructure, and the provision of a wide range of vital services and facilities. Future development plans and proposals for all property located within the City, including the 302 acres of privately owned undeveloped hillside open space, will be scrutinized for compliance with the City’s Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plans and to minimize exposure to hazards.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 2
Police Services. Police protection is provided by the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department (LACSD). The City maintains a contract with the Sheriff’s Department law enforcement services.

Although the City contracts for a minimum level of service, in times of emergency the Sheriff dedicates all available personnel and equipment to address the community’s needs.

The Duarte Satellite Sub-Station is the launching center for 30 police officers. These officers are responsible for providing police services to the City of Duarte, the City of Bradbury and surrounding unincorporated areas. The Satellite Sub-Station does not have dispatch or booking facilities. The Temple City Sherriff’s Station is the base of operations location for the region.

Dispatch and booking facilities are located there.

Fire Services. Fire protection / emergency medical services are provided to the City by the Los Angeles County Consolidated Fire Protection District (CFPD). The closest fire station, Station 44, is located at 1105 Highland Avenue in the City of Duarte. The station is staffed with at least seven firefighters 24 hours a day. The equipment includes two fire trucks, one patrol vehicle and one water tender. Backup paramedic assistance is provided by Station 29 which is located in the City of Baldwin Park and Station 32 which is located in the City of Azusa. The City of Monrovia Fire Department offers additional mutual aid when necessary and requested by the County. Los Angeles County Fire also provides hazardous material services. The U.S. Forest Service in San Dimas provides wildfire service in the Angeles National Forest.

Medical Services. Emergency medical services are available throughout Los Angeles County.

Acute care facilities near Bradbury include Methodist Hospital in Arcadia, Huntington Hospital in Pasadena, City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Kaiser-Permanente Foundation Hospital in Baldwin Park and Foothill Presbyterian Hospital in Glendora.

Peakload Water Supply
Peakload water supply is defined as the supply of water available to meet both domestic water and firefighting needs during the particular season and time of day when domestic water demand on a water system is at its peak. California American Water provides potable water to the City of Bradbury. Potable water is provided from teneight (108) wells located in and around Bradbury.

Storage of potable water in the DuarteBradbury service area (which includes portions of the City of BradburyDuarte) is provided by eightseven (87) reservoirs of which four (4) are located within the CityBradbury. The total storage capacity is 11.52 million gallons, which is the equivalent of about 175% of an average day’s demand. All of the reservoirs are covered to reduce evaporation.

California American Water is seeking the State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Drinking Water approval to operate the new Live Oak Well and Reservoir located on Arrow Highway in the Duarte service area. It is anticipated that the new facilities will be online by the end of 2023.California American Water is seeking entitlements to drill a new water well at its facility located on Lemon Avenue. It is anticipated that the new well will be on line by the end of 2014.

Peakload water supply on August 11, 2005 was 19.5 million gallons. Peakload water demand is always highest during the hot summer months. The maximum day demand (MDD) over the last 20 years has been 12.9 million gallons. Design capacity is based on the peak demand periods.Design capacity is based on the peak demand periods.

Formatted: Not Highlight
Formatted: Not Highlight
Formatted: Not Highlight
Formatted: Not Highlight
Formatted: Not Highlight
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 3
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 4
Hazard Mitigation Plan
The City of Bradbury adopted the updated Hazard Mitigation Plan on February 21, 2019 by City Council Resolution No. 19-03. The updated plan fulfills the City’s obligation pursuant to the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. The plan adoption and update process involved the participation of all City departments and interested City residents.

The plan includes the following mitigation goals:

Protect Life and Property
• Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses, infrastructure, critical facilities, and other property more resistant to losses from natural hazards.
• Reduce losses and repetitive damages for chronic hazard events while promoting insurance coverage for catastrophic hazards.
• Improve hazard assessment information to make recommendations for avoiding new development in high hazard areas and encouraging preventative measures for existing development located in areas vulnerable to natural hazards.

Enhance Public Awareness
• Develop and implement education and outreach programs to increase public awareness of the risks associated with natural hazards.
• Provide information on tools, partnership opportunities, and funding resources to assist in implementing mitigation activities.

Preserve Natural Systems
• Support management and land use planning practices with hazard mitigation to protect life.Balance watershed planning, natural resource management, and land use planning with natural hazard mitigation to protect life, property, and the environment. • Preserve, rehabilitate, and enhance natural systems to serve natural hazard mitigation functions.

Encourage Partnerships and Implementation
• Strengthen communication and coordinate participation with public agencies, citizens, non-profit organizations, business, and industry to support implementation.among and within public agencies, citizens, and local organizations to gain a vested interest in implementation.
• Encourage leadership within the City and public public and private sector organizations to prioritize and implement local and regional hazard mitigation activities.

Strengthen Emergency Services
• Establish policy to ensure mitigation projects for critical facilities, services, and infrastructure.
• Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination among public agencies, non-profit organizations, business, and industry.and local organizations. • Coordinate and integrate natural hazard mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operations plans and procedures.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 5
Hazard mitigation is the responsibility of the City; however, the following agencies provide support and assistance with preparedness, response, recovery, and administration of funding efforts. • Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) – responsible for disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and the administration of federal funds after a major disaster declaration.
• Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) – gathers information on earthquakes and releases information to the public to increase earthquake awareness, reduce economic losses, and save lives.
• California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF or CAL FIRE) – responsible for all aspects of wildland fire protection on private and state-owned land. CDF or CAL FIRE administers forest preservation regulations, including landslide mitigation, on nonfederally owned land. • California Division of Mines and Geology (DMG) – responsible for geologic hazard characterization, public education, and reduction of risk of tsunami inundation. • California Division of Water Resources (DWR) – plans, designs, constructs, operates, and maintains the State Water Project, regulates dams, provides flood protection, and assists in emergency management.

Hazardous Waste and Materials Management Program The LACoFD Health Hazardous Materials Division administers the Unified Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials Management Regulatory Program for the City of Bradbury. The Unified Program consolidates, coordinates, and makes consistent the following hazardous materials and hazardous waste programs (Program Elements):
• Hazardous Waste Generation (including on-site treatment under Tiered Permitting). • Above ground Petroleum Storage Tanks (only the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan of “SPCC”).
• Underground Storage Tanks (UST).
• Hazardous Material Release Response Plans and Inventories. • California Accidental Release Prevention Program (Cal ARP) and Uniform Fire Code Hazardous Material Management Plans and Inventories.

Emergency Preparedness
Bradbury’s position location in Southern California and in the San Gabriel Valley makes it susceptible to a number of natural disasters and other emergencies. As such, the City Council appointed an Public Safety Emergency Response Committee – , a five-member advisory body to the Bradbury City Council to help prepare the community. Committee membersssioners serve as a communication link between the community, City Council and staff regarding issues pertaining to eEmergency pPreparedness. Members of the Committee members are hands-on volunteers who assist in the emergency operations and in with the emergency related programs and services offered to the community.

The specific and primary purpose of the Public Safety Committee is to:

A. Assess and define emergency needs;
B. Locate and publicize available resources;
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 6
C. Conduct exercises, manage responses and oversee simulated, actual or impending emergencies when called upon to do so by the Mayor, Mayor Pro-Tem or City Manager.

Committee membersssioners serve for a term of four years, beginning July 1st and ending June 30th , and are eligible upon request to serve one additional consecutive term, for a total of eight years.

Most committee members of the Committee are CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) trained. These volunteers are educated about disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact the area and in basic disaster response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations. CERT members can assist others in their neighborhood or workplace following an event when professional responders are not immediately available to help.

Additionally, the City of Bradbury has implemented the Connect-CTY service to provide the City the ability to communicate with residents regarding time-sensitive matters, such as unforeseen events or emergencies.

With the Connect-CTY system, the City can quickly contact residents by telephone, cell phone, text message or e-mail regarding urgent and important information. For example, in the event of an emergency, the City can quickly let residents know what to do or where to go for services.

Only authorized City officials are allowed to send messages. Other non-emergency messages can be sent by e-mail regarding upcoming meetings, events or workshops.

Disaster Area Management. During World War II, the National Civic Defense Program was activated. The Los Angeles County and the local military authorities quickly recognized that the size and complexity of the county would require a unique management structure to effectively coordinate war-related activities amongst the county, cities, private sector and other agencies. Civil Defense Areas were formed and each area was supervised by an Area Coordinator. After the war, Civil Defense transformed into Disaster Management with an emphasis on planning, training, exercising and public education for earthquakes, fires, floods, severe weather events and epidemics. The City of Bradbury resides in the “Area D” area of responsibility. Other cities in “Area D” include Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, City of Industry, Claremont, Covina, Diamond Bar, Duarte, El Monte, Glendora, Irwindale, La Puente, La Verne, Monrovia, Pomona, Rosemead, West Covina, Temple City, Walnut, South El Monte, Sierra Madre, and San Dimas. There are eight Disaster Management Areas; each has a coordinator, to work with cities and partner agencies to assist their emergency management activities and to act as a liaison between local government and county, state and federal agencies.

City Staff meets with cities within this area of responsibility once a month to discuss topics such as federal reporting and reimbursement after a disaster, incident command, working with minorities, the disabled and the underserved community, public relations and emergency evacuation. The City also participates in a monthly county-wide radio checks with “Area D” Coordinators.

Alert LA County. Alert LA County is an emergency mass notification system established by Los Angeles County to contact County residents and businesses via recorded phone messages, text messages or e-mail messages in case of emergencies. The system will be used by the City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 7
County’s Emergency Operations Center to notify residents and businesses of emergencies or critical situations and provide information regarding necessary actions, such as evacuations. The system uses the telephone companies’ 911 database and is able to contact land-line telephone numbers, whether listed or unlisted. If the call is picked up by an answering machine, the system will leave a recorded message. If the number called is busy or does not answer, the system will redial the number in an attempt to deliver the message. The system is also TTY/TDD compatible.

Alert LA County uses 911 databases; therefore, only land-line numbers are automatically included in the system. To be notified at a cellular phone or receive an e-mail notification, a person must register the cellular phone number and/or e-mail address. Each cellular number and/or e-mail address can only be associated with one street address in the system. The registered telephone number and e-mail address will be contacted only when the street address it is associated with is impacted by a disaster or emergency.

Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP). The purpose of Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP) is to facilitate the planning and implementation of disaster response by first-responder agencies to Specific Needs persons living in the County of Los Angeles. The registry is a project of the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management in cooperation with other cities and agencies in the Los Angeles County disaster response operational area.

If a person living in Los Angeles County has any of the following conditions which might impede their abilities to evacuate a building, travel to or stay safely in an emergency evacuation center, or to securely shelter in place without assistance, they should enroll in the program:
• Physical disabilities
• Cardiac and/or respiratory circumstances
• Developmental disabilities
• Emotional or psychiatric disabilities
• Deafness or hearing loss
• Blindness or severe vision loss
• Speech impairments
• Short-term disabilities
• Reliance on technologies that use electricity
• Using medications
• Participation in a home delivery program
• Need specialized paratransit vehicles
• Experience seizures
• Immune system deficiencies
• Communicable diseases
Should a disaster strike in the area, this registry will be used to enhance the efficiency of those agencies called upon to respond, including the Los Angeles County Sherriff’s Department (LACoSD) and LACoFD.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 34
Evacuation Routes and Reception Centers
Emergency preparedness includes the designation of evacuation routes and emergency facilities.

The following facilities are delineated in Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 and the following rules apply:

Primary Evacuation Routes. The roads are to be kept open at all times. In the event of temporary closure due to maintenance and/or construction, LACoFD is to be notified.

Reception Centers. The Bradbury Civic Center (600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008) and the City of Duarte Community Center (1600 Huntington Drive, Duarte, CA 91010) will serve as Reception Centers for disseminating information, collection points, distribution centers, etc.

Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The Bradbury Civic Center will serve as the local EOC, the alternate site is City of Duarte Community Center until which time the County of Los Angeles designates another local facility.

Critical Facilities. Certain public facilities require special consideration because of the number of persons located in the facility at any one-time. Only one critical facility is located within the City (Royal Oaks Elementary School). Royal Oaks (a senior assisted living facility) is located adjacent to the City in the County unincorporated area.

Residential Developments. The City prepared an analysis consistent with SB 99 to identify residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. The analysis identified one area of concern in the southeast corner of the City with limited emergency access points that warrants further study. The City will continue to coordinate with LACoFD and LACSD to ensure adequate exit strategies are available for all residential developments. For all new developments, roadways are to be a minimum 20 feet wide and will include emergency turnarounds with minimum dimensions established in coordination with LACoFD. A White Paper describing the methodology used to map the evacuation routes is included as Appendix H-S B to the Safety Chapter.

The evacuation routes in the City and those facilities that will serve as collection/information centers are located on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4. The Emergency Evacuation Plan does not apply to normal day-to-day emergencies and the well-established and routine procedures used in coping with such emergencies. In the event of a serious hazard which would require the evacuation of Bradbury residents, the following streets would be used as primary evacuation routes:
• Mount Olive Drive.
• Woodlyn Lane (gates will be opened to permit exiting at Royal Oaks Drive, North). The access gate located near Mount Olive Drive will be used by “First Responders” to gain access to the Woodlyn Lane neighborhood.
• Deodar Lane (gates at Wild Rose, Barranca, and Woodlyn Lane) will be opened to permit exiting from the Bradbury Estates neighborhood.
• Winston Avenue and the Lemon Avenue access to the Flood Control Channel will be used as access points for “First Responders.”.

Evacuation will be handled by Los Angeles County safety personnel under contract to the City (i.e. Fire, Sheriff, etc.). In a major disaster, mutual aid sources in adjacent jurisdictions are likely City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 35
to be fully committed to their own needs, and there may be substantial delays in the request and transport of assistance from more distant locations. Ingress to and egress from the City is likely to be inhibited by damage caused by the disaster and related congestion. Effective disaster preparedness will require the concerted efforts of City personnel, contracted first responders, agencies and residents. Not only must effective plans and procedures be in effect, but those plans should be tested and improved through disaster preparedness exercises.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 0
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 1
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 EMERGENCY ACCESS AND EVACUATION PLAN City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 0
Climate Change and Resiliency Planning
As a result of climate change, Bradbury, like other cities in California, may experience more frequent and intense heat waves, drought, wildfires, flooding, and more severe storms and extreme weather events. The impacts of climate change pose an increasing and growing challenge to the safety and well-being of Bradbury’s residents. SB 379 is a state law requiring the City to update the Health and Safety Element to address climate change adaptation and resiliency strategies applicable to Bradbury. A Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) has been prepared to identify risks that climate change poses to the City and is attached as Appendix H-S A. Relevant goals, policies, objectives, and actions informed by the CVA have been added to the Health and Safety Element, and a high-level overview of the findings is provided below. • Wildland fires represent the threat most likely to affect Bradbury as a result of climate change.

While most likely to ignite within the CAL FIRE designated FHSZs, the effects of wildfire can adversely impact larger areas, cascading out towards the entirety of Bradbury and the surrounding cities, with smoke, ash, and poor air quality. • The most vulnerable populations are those living in or adjacent to VHFHSZs within the City.

Other vulnerable populations include seniors and people with pre-existing health conditions such as asthma.
• The most vulnerable natural areas are the sensitive hillside areas (and wildlife within these environments) located in the northern portion of the City, which are within the VHFHSZ. This largely undeveloped area contains the most open space and natural landscape in the City and consists of high amounts of often dry foliage that is highly susceptible to fires. As prolonged dry spells are predicted to lengthen, plants, animals, and habitats that receive less and less water are more likely to burn from wildfire, leave the area, or die out from lack of resources. • The most vulnerable infrastructure is power and energy infrastructure, as well as homes (and businesses) within and bordering the VHFHSZs. Extreme weather and heat conditions can increase the risk of fires, which can lead to the destruction of energy infrastructure such as power lines that are in more remote (and more fire prone) areas. Since energy grids are interconnected and provide energy throughout the region, large parts of the Southern California population are expected to be impacted by distant fires or power outages. • Regional drought is also a key hazard to Bradbury as the City is served entirely by groundwater sources from the main San Gabriel Basin. Drought may also result in increased tree mortality, which contributes to higher fuel loading and wildfire size and severity. As expected with climate change, droughts are anticipated to increase both in frequency and intensity.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 1
Key Safety Goals, Objectives, Policies and Action Programs Safety Goals:

Safety Goal 1. To protect the citizens, their property and public facilities from natural and human-causedman-made hazards.

Safety Goal 2. To establish, maintain, and develop awareness on the part of all residents of Bradbury as to how to react and protect themselves and each other, in the event of a natural or humancausedman-made hazard or disaster.

Safety Goal 3. To achieve a greater sense of citizen satisfaction with the safety services within the community, through constantly monitoring the effective and efficient staffing of safety service personnel.

Safety Goal 4. To minimize the risk to persons and property due to seismic activity.

Safety Goal 5. To minimize the risk to lives and property due to fire hazards.

Safety Goal 6. To minimize the risk to persons and property due to the use and storage of hazardous materials.

Safety Goal 7. Protect the community from floods and landslides.

Safety Goal 8. Assure that existing and new development addresses fire protection in a proactive and preventative way.

Safety Goal 9. Prevent or minimize personal injury, loss of life, and property damage due to climate hazards and climate-induced secondary impacts.

Safety Objectives:

Safety Objective 1. Prepare the community for expected or unexpected disasters resulting from natural or manmadehuman causes.

Safety Objective 2. Prepare the residents of Bradbury to be aware of potential hazards and disasters and to be prepared to be self-reliant for at least seven days in the event of a disaster.

Safety Objective 3. Communicate with Bradbury residents through all available media, that safety personnel are properly trained to provide assistance in the event of a disaster.

Safety Objective 4. Implement the City’s Hazard Mitigation Plan in a timely manner.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 2
Safety Objective 5. Reduce the possibility of hazardous materials becoming a health and safety issue within the community.

Safety Objective 6. Assure that potential flooding and landslide hazards are reviewed during new development.

Safety Objective 7. Ensure that adequate service levels of fire protection are maintained in the City.

Safety Objective 8. Promote a well-prepared City that can effectively overcome natural disasters and scarcity of resources due to climate change.

Safety Objective 9. Demonstrate leadership in local climate planning efforts through a range of tangible policies and actions at the municipal operations level.

Safety Policies:

Safety Policy 1. Coordinate with LACoFD to proactively develop ongoing emergency services training to stay current with best practices and support community programs that train volunteers to assist “First Responders” in the implementation of the Hazard
Mitigation Plan programs and Community Wildfire Protection Plan actions.Support community programs that train volunteers to assist “First Responders” in the implementation of the Hazard Mitigation Plan programs.

Safety Policy 2. Implement precautionary measures in high- risk areas to reduce injury and loss of property caused by natural or
manmadehuman-caused hazards.

Safety Policy 3. Review all development proposals for compliance with established hazard avoidance criteria.

Safety Policy 4. Provide adequate levels of service to ensure that the residents are protected to the best of the City’s ability from natural and manmadehuman-caused disasters.

Safety Policy 5. Cooperate with federal, state and county agencies responsible for the enforcement of all health and safety laws and
regulations.

Safety Policy 6. Establish and maintain a variety of media sources to enable interactive safety awareness and preparedness educational opportunities for the residents.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 3
Safety Policy 7. Obtain materials and support the dissemination of written information to all Bradbury households regarding minimizing or avoiding hazards within the home.

Safety Policy 8. Provide opportunities to continually advise and update community residents regarding actions and activities they should engage in after a significant natural or manmadehumancaused disaster.

Safety Policy 9. Support continuing review and updating of the City’s Disaster Preparedness Program manual.

Safety Policy 10. Work closely with adjacent cities, county, state and federal agencies to inform, monitor and communicate the presence of wild animals.

Safety Policy 11. Maintain and evaluate the level of safety services available to the community.

Safety Policy 12. Regulate development in accordance with state statutes in areas prone to seismic hazards.Restrict development in areas prone to seismic hazards.

Safety Policy 13. Continue to support “mutual aid / mutual assistance” agreements between local, and sState, and federal firefighting agencies, including the California Master Mutual Aid
Agreement.

Safety Policy 14. Require that all buildings and facilities within Bradbury comply with local, state, and federal regulatory standards such as the California Building and Fire Codes as well as other applicable fire safety standards.Continue to support programs to reduce fire hazards within the community.

Safety Policy 15. Provide appropriate sufficient fire protection services, firefighting equipment, and firefighting personnel to adequately respond to fire hazards, and peakload water supply, and adequate fire hydrant availability. Coordinate with Cal-American Water Company to ensure necessary water supply systems and flow for structural fire suppression are provided and maintained.

Require adequate fire protection plans and emergency vehicle access for new development in VHFHSVs.

Safety Policy 16. Coordinate with the City’s water purveyor to ensure necessary water supply systems and flow for structural fire suppression are provided and maintained.

Safety Policy 17. Require adequate Fire Protection Plans and emergency vehicle access for new development in VHFHSZs.

City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 4
Safety Policy 18. Coordinate with LACoFD to identify and incorporate fire resistive building and fire safe site design methods to prevent and minimize damage if new structures are proposed in
VHFHSZs on undeveloped land and/or when rebuilding after a fire.

Safety Policy 19. Consider fire safe design (i.e. fire-resistant building and site design, materials, and landscaping) for development within Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones as part of the
development review process.

Safety Policy 20. Locate, when feasible, new essential public facilities and infrastructure outside of VHFHSZs, including but not limited to, hospitals and health care facilities, emergency shelters, emergency command centers, emergency communication
facilities, and utilities or identify construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if these facilities must be located in VHFHSZs.

Safety Policy 21. Work with LACoFD to identify and maintain fire hazard reduction projects, including community fire breaks and vegetation clearance around private and public roads.

Safety Policy 22. As part of the LACoFD review process, require ongoing brush management, fuel management/modification, defensible space, fire retardant landscaping, and other project design features for new development located in areas of or adjacent to the
VHFHSZs.

Safety Policy 23. Coordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards for evacuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If areas with inadequate access/evacuation routes are identified, develop appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, and educational programs to ensure safe evacuations.

Safety Policy 242. Provide access to potable water for emergency purposes.

Safety Policy 253. Regulate and monitor, to the extent possible, the delivery, use and storage of hazardous materials within the City.

Safety Policy 264. Require all existing and new development to install and maintain adequate smoke detection systems.

Safety Policy 275. Require all new development to install fire sprinkler systems.

Safety Policy 286. Require that all new development incorporate sufficient measures to mitigate flood and landslide hazards including but City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 5
not limited to on-site drainage systems and grading of site to minimize stormwater runoff.

Safety Policy 29. Collaborate with local, regional, state and/or federal jurisdictions and agencies on climate resiliency and adaptation strategies.

Safety Policy 30. Reduce communitywide greenhouse gas emissions locally by actively supporting regional efforts to reduce greenhouse gases throughout the county.

Safety Policy 31. Monitor climate change-related effects with local, regional, state, and/or federal partners to provide information on effectiveness of existing infrastructure and programs.

Safety Implementation Action Program:

The City of Bradbury intends to complete the following items which address the objectives and policies of the Safety Chapter of the General Plan:

Safety Action 1. Adopt ordinances that require new development to utilize techniques and equipment that reduce consumption of
renewable resources.

Safety Action 1. Ensure that the Land Use Element recognizes and addresses seismic threats.

Safety Action 2. Promote public education about fire safety at home.

Safety Action 3. Promote public education about disaster preparedness, with an emphasis on protecting vulnerable and at-risk populations such as seniors and those with limited mobility.

Safety Action 4. Update the hillside development standards which to include fire prevention design measures and specific LACoFD standards which will be required for new development.

Safety Action 5. Continue to make emergency and disaster preparedness a community priority.

Safety Action 6. Implement the City’s Emergency Operations Plan to ensure the most effective allocation of resources for protection of people and property in time of an emergency, and update and review the Plan annually. Update and review the Emergency Operation Plan annually.

Safety Action 7. City staff to continue to work with the LACoFD on brush removal and weed abatement from April to June.

Safety Action 8. Conduct public outreach on wildfire prevention awareness.

Formatted: Space After: 0 pt
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 6
Safety Action 9. Promote voluntary efforts of tree trimming and brush and weed abatement. If voluntary efforts are not effective, continue to enforce cCity- mandated tree trimming requirements and
coordinate with Code Enforcement on brush and weed
abatement when residents fail to mitigate their own fire hazards.

Safety Action 10. Maintain and update the Hazard Mitigation Plan multi-hazard emergency plan for the City.

Safety Action 11. Continue support and participation with the Emergency ResponsePublic Safety Committee.

Safety Action 12. Work with LACoFD to maintain and regularly update the City’s Fire Hazard Severity Zones Map (Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1) for changes in fire hazard severity zones consistent with changes in hazard designations by CAL FIRE.

Safety Action 13. Work with LACoFD to maintain an ongoing fire inspection program to reduce fire hazards associated with multifamily development, critical facilities, public assembly facilities, industrial buildings, and nonresidential buildings.

Safety Action 14. For all new developments, roadways are to be a minimum 20 feet wide and shall include emergency turnarounds with
minimum dimensions established in coordination with LACoFD.

Safety Action 15. Require all new development in the City’s VHFHSZs to meet the most recent version of the California Fire Code and California Building Code. A Fire Protection Plan that describes project specific fuel modification shall be required.

Safety Action 16. Modify, as feasible, existing non-conforming development to contemporary fire safety standards, including road standards and vegetation standards.

Safety Action 17. Work with CAL FIRE, United States Forest Service, United States Geologic Service, and applicable nongovernmental agencies to create a plan to address post-fire recovery activities and projects that allow burned areas to fully recover and minimize repetitive losses and further damage.

Safety Action 18. Assess site constraints when considering land use designations near wildlands to avoid or minimize wildfire hazards as part of a land use update or amendment.

Safety Action 19. Locate, design and construct development to provide adequate defensibility and minimize the risk of structural loss from wildland fires.

Formatted: Space After: 0 pt
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 – 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element – Final Draft Revised November 2023April 10, 2013 Health and Safety Page No. 7
Safety Action 20. Design development on hillsides and canyons to reduce the increased risk of fires from topography features (i.e. steep slopes, ridge saddles).

Safety Action 21. Require all streets, both public and private, to be marked and visible and all street addresses to be posted in plain view.

Safety Action 22. Implement necessary actions and programs to improve drought impact preparation.

Safety Action 23. Promote plans and programs that support sustainable energy sources.

Safety Action 24. Promote the use of sustainable and carbon-neutral energy sources in new development.

Safety Action 25. Explore using renewable energy and clean generation technologies such as solar, wind, biogas, or fuel cells to power city-owned and operated facilities where feasible.

ATTACHMENT #3
General Plan Safety Element Assessment
Board of Forestry and Fire Protection
City of Bradbury
Contents
Purpose and Background...............................................................................................................................................1 Methodology for Review and Recommendations.........................................................................................................2 General Plan Safety Element Assessment .....................................................................................................................3 Background Information Summary ........................................................................................................................3 Goals, Policies, Objectives, and Feasible Implementation Measures....................................................................6 Section 1 Avoiding or minimizing the wildfire hazards associated with new uses of land ................................6 Section 2 Develop adequate infrastructure if a new development is located in SRAs or VHFHSZs...................9 Section 3 Working cooperatively with public agencies responsible for fire protection. ................................ 10 Sample Safety Element Recommendations................................................................................................................ 12 A. Maps, Plans and Historical Information.......................................................................................................... 12 B. Land Use .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 C. Fuel Modification............................................................................................................................................. 12 D. Access.............................................................................................................................................................. 13 E. Fire Protection................................................................................................................................................. 13 Fire Hazard Planning in Other Elements of the General Plan..................................................................................... 14 Land Use Element................................................................................................................................................ 14 Housing Element ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Open Space and Conservation Elements............................................................................................................. 14 Circulation Element............................................................................................................................................. 14 1 * https://www.opr.ca.gov/docs/Final_6.26.15.pdf
Purpose and Background
Upon the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2014, the safety element is required to be reviewed and updated as necessary to address the risk of fire for land classified as state responsibility areas and land classified as very high fire hazard severity zones. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3).)
The safety element is required to include:
• Fire hazard severity zone maps available from the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. • Any historical data on wildfires available from local agencies or a reference to where the data can be found.
• Information about wildfire hazard areas that may be available from the United States Geological Survey.
• The general location and distribution of existing and planned uses of land in very high fire hazard severity zones (VHFHSZs) and in state responsibility areas (SRAs), including structures, roads, utilities, and essential public facilities. The location and distribution of planned uses of land shall not require defensible space compliance measures required by state law or local ordinance to occur on publicly owned lands or open space designations of homeowner associations. • The local, state, and federal agencies with responsibility for fire protection, including special districts and local offices of emergency services. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(A).) Based on that information, the safety element shall include goals, policies, and objectives that protect the community from the unreasonable risk of wildfire. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(B).) To carry out those goals, policies, and objectives, feasible implementation measures shall be included in the safety element, which include but are not limited to:
• Avoiding or minimizing the wildfire hazards associated with new uses of land. • Locating, when feasible, new essential public facilities outside of high fire risk areas, including, but not limited to, hospitals and health care facilities, emergency shelters, emergency command centers, and emergency communications facilities, or identifying construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if these facilities are located in the SRA or VHFHSZ. • Designing adequate infrastructure if a new development is located in the SRA or VHFHSZ, including safe access for emergency response vehicles, visible street signs, and water supplies for structural fire suppression.
• Working cooperatively with public agencies with responsibility for fire protection. (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(C).)
The safety element shall also attach or reference any fire safety plans or other documents adopted by the city or county that fulfill the goals and objectives or contains the information required above. (Gov.

Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(D).) This might include Local Hazard Mitigation Plans, Unit Fire Plans, Community Wildfire Protection Plans, or other plans.

There are several reference documents developed by state agencies to assist local jurisdictions in updating their safety elements to include wildfire safety. The Fire Hazard Planning, General Plan Technical Advice Series from the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR), referenced in Government Code section 65302, subdivision (g)(3) and available at 1400 Tenth Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Phone: (916) 322-2318
The Technical Advice Series is also available from the OPR website (Technical Advice Series link).* The Technical Advice Series provides policy guidance, information resources, and fire hazard planning examples from around California that shall be considered by local jurisdictions when reviewing the safety element of its general plan.

The Board of Forestry and Fire Protection (Board) utilizes this Safety Element Assessment in the Board’s review of safety elements under Government Code section 65302.5. At least 90 days prior to the adoption or amendment of their safety element, counties that contain SRAs and cities or counties that contain VHFHSZs shall submit their safety element to the Board. (Gov. Code, § 65302.5, subd. (b).) The Board shall review the safety element and respond to the city or county with its findings regarding the uses of land and policies in SRAs or VHFHSZs that will protect life, property, and natural resources from 2 unreasonable risks associated with wildfires, and the methods and strategies for wildfire risk reduction and prevention within SRAs or VHFHSZs. (Gov. Code, § 65302.5, subd. (b)(3).) The CAL FIRE Land Use Planning team provides expert fire protection assistance to local jurisdictions statewide. Fire captains are available to work with cities and counties to revise their safety elements and enhance their strategic fire protection planning.

Methodology for Review and Recommendations
Utilizing staff from the CAL FIRE Land Use Planning team, the Board has established a standardized method to review the safety element of general plans. The methodology includes 1) reviewing the safety element for the requirements in Government Code section 65302, subdivision (g)(3)(A),
2) examining the safety element for goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures that mitigate the wildfire risk in the planning area (Gov. Code, § 65302, subd. (g)(3)(B) & (C)), and 3) making recommendations for methods and strategies that would reduce the risk of wildfires (Gov.

Code, § 65302.5, subd. (b)(3)(B)).

The safety element will be evaluated against the attached Assessment, which contains questions to determine if a safety element meets the fire safety planning requirements outlined in Government Code, section 65302. The reviewer will answer whether or not a submitted safety element addresses the required information, and will recommend changes to the safety element that will reduce the wildfire risk in the planning area. These recommended changes may come from the list of sample goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures that is included in this document after the Assessment, or may be based on the reviewer’s knowledge of the jurisdiction in question and their specific wildfire risk. By answering the questions in the Assessment, the reviewer will determine if the jurisdiction’s safety element has adequately addressed and mitigated their wildfire risk. If it hasn’t, any specific recommendations from the reviewer will assist the jurisdiction in revising the safety element so that it does.

Once completed, the Assessment should provide clear guidance to a city or county regarding any areas of deficiency in the safety element as well as specific goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures the Board recommends adopting in order to mitigate or reduce the wildfire threat in the planning area.
3 General Plan Safety Element Assessment
Jurisdiction: City of Bradbury Notes: 2nd Review CAL FIRE Unit: BDU Date Received: 6-2-2023 County: Los Angeles LUPP Reviewer: MERKH UNIT CONTACT: Littlefield Date Reviewed: 6-14-2023

BACKGROUND INFORMATION SUMMARY
The safety element must contain specific background information about fire hazards in each jurisdiction.

Instructions for this table: Indicate whether the safety element includes the specified information. If YES, indicate in the comments where that information can be found; if NO, provide recommendations to the jurisdiction regarding how best to include that information in their revised safety element.

Required Information Yes or No Comments and Recommendations Are Fire Hazard Severity Zones Identified?
CAL FIRE or Locally Adopted Maps
Yes SE Page 18: Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1
SE Page 42. Safety Action 12. Work with LACoFD to
maintain and regularly update the City’s Fire Hazard
Severity Zones Map (Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1) for
changes in fire hazard severity zones consistent with
changes in hazard designations by CAL FIRE
Is historical data on wildfires or a reference to where the data can be found, and information about wildfire hazard areas that may be available from the United States
Geological Survey, included?
Yes SE Page 19 & 20
CWPP Figure 4 Fire History Map: Page 40
Has the general location and distribution of existing and planned uses of land in very high fire hazard severity
zones (VHFHSZs) and in state responsibility areas
(SRAs), including structures, roads, utilities, and
essential public facilities, been identified?
Yes SE Page 18. Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1
Have local, state, and federal agencies with responsibility for fire protection, including special districts and local offices of emergency services, been identified?
Yes SE Page 29. Fire protection / emergency medical
services are provided to the City by the Los Angeles
County Consolidated Fire Protection District (CFPD). The closest fire station, Station 44, is located at 1105
Highland Avenue in the City of Duarte. The station is
staffed with at least seven firefighters 24 hours a day.

The equipment includes two fire trucks, one patrol
vehicle and one water tender. Backup paramedic
assistance is provided by Station 29 which is located in the City of Baldwin Park and Station 32 which is located in the City of Azusa. The City of Monrovia Fire
Department offers additional mutual aid when necessary
and requested by the County. Los Angeles County Fire
4 Required Information Yes or No Comments and Recommendations also provides hazardous material services. The U.S.

Forest Service in San Dimas provides wildfire service in the Angeles National Forest.

SE Page 31. California Department of Forestry and Fire
Protection (CDF or CAL FIRE) – responsible for all
aspects of wildland fire protection on private and stateowned land. CDF or CAL FIRE administers forest preservation regulations, including landslide mitigation, on non-federally owned land.

Are other fire protection plans, such as Community
Wildfire Protection Plans, Local Hazard Mitigation Plans, CAL FIRE Unit or Contract County Fire Plans, referenced or incorporated into the Safety Element?
Yes Community Wildfire Protection Plan
SE Page 16.

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
SE Page 14.

Are residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes
identified?
Yes SE Page 36. Exhibit H-3 Safety No. 4
SE Page 34. The City prepared an analysis consistent
with SB 99 to identify residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency
evacuation routes. The analysis identified one area of
concern in the southeast corner of the City with limited emergency access points that warrants further study.

The City will continue to coordinate with LACoFD and
LACSD to ensure adequate exit strategies are available
for all residential developments. For all new
developments, roadways are to be a minimum 20 feet
wide and will include emergency turnarounds with
minimum dimensions established in coordination with
LACoFD. A White Paper describing the methodology
used to map the evacuation routes is included as
Appendix H-S B to the Safety Chapter.
5 Required Information Yes or No Comments and Recommendations Have evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and
viability under a range of emergency scenarios been
identified?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 23. Coordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards for evacuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If areas with inadequate
access/evacuation routes are identified, develop
appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, or
educational programs to ensure safe evacuation.

Is there any other information in the Safety Element regarding fire hazards in SRAs or VHFHSZs? 6 GOALS, POLICIES, OBJECTIVES, AND FEASIBLE IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES The safety element must contain a set of goals, policies, and objectives based on the above information to protect the community from unreasonable risk of wildfire and implementation measures to accomplish those stated goals, policies, and objectives.

Instructions for this table: Critically examine the submitted safety element and determine if it is adequate to address the jurisdiction’s unique fire hazard. Answer YES or NO appropriately for each question below. If the recommendation is irrelevant or unrelated to the jurisdiction’s fire hazard, answer N/A. For NO, provide information in the Comments/Recommendations section to help the jurisdiction incorporate that change into their safety element revision. This information may utilize example recommendations from Sample Safety Element Recommendations and Fire Hazard Planning in Other Elements of the General Plan below, may indicate how high of a priority this recommendation is for a jurisdiction, or may include other jurisdiction-specific information or recommendations.

Section 1 Avoiding or minimizing the wildfire hazards associated with new uses of land Questions Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Does local ordinance require development standards that meet or exceed title 14, CCR, division 1.5, chapter 7,
subchapter 2, articles 1-5 (commencing with section
1270) (SRA Fire Safe Regulations) and title 14, CCR,
division 1.5, chapter 7, subchapter 3, article 3
(commencing with section 1299.01) (Fire Hazard
Reduction Around Buildings and Structures
Regulations) for SRAs and/or VHFHSZs?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 14. Require that all buildings and facilities within Bradbury comply with local, state, and federal regulatory standards such as the California Building and Fire Codes as well as other applicable fire safety standards.

Are there goals and policies to avoid or minimize new
residential development in VHFHSZs?
Yes SE Page 43. Safety Action 15. Require all new
development in the City’s VHFHSZs to meet the most
recent version of the California Fire Code and California Building Code. A Fire Protection Plan that describes
project specific fuel modification shall be required.

Has fire safe design been incorporated into future
development requirements?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 19. Consider fire safe design (i.e., fire-resistant building and site design, materials, and landscaping) for development within very high fire hazard severity zones as part of the development review
process.
7 Questions Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Are new essential public facilities located outside high fire risk areas, such as VHFHSZs, when feasible?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 20. Locate, when feasible, new essential public facilities and infrastructure outside of VHFHSZs, including but not limited to, hospitals and health care facilities, emergency shelters, emergency
command centers, emergency communication facilities,
and utilities or identify construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if these facilities must be
located in VHFHSZs.

Are there plans or actions identified to mitigate existing non-conforming development to contemporary fire safe
standards, in terms of road standards and vegetative
hazard?
Yes SE Page 43. Safety Action 16. Modify, as feasible,
existing non-conforming development to contemporary
fire safe standards, including road standards and
vegetative hazards.

Does the plan include policies to evaluate re-
development after a large fire?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 18. Coordinate with LACoFD to identify and incorporate fire resistive building and fire safe site design methods to prevent and minimize
damage if new structures are proposed in VHFHSZs on
undeveloped land and/or when rebuilding after a fire.

SE Page 43. Safety Action 17. Work with CAL FIRE,
United States Forest Service, United States Geologic
Service, and applicable nongovernmental agencies to
create a plan to address post-fire recovery activities and projects that allow burned areas to fully recover and
minimize repetitive losses and further damage.

Is fuel modification around homes and subdivisions
required for new development in SRAs or VHFHSZs?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 22. As part of the LACoFD review process, require ongoing brush management, fuel
management/modification, defensible space, fire
retardant landscaping, and other project design features for new development located in areas of or adjacent to
the VHFHSZ.

Are fire protection plans required for new development in VHFHSZs?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 17. Require adequate Fire Protection Plans and emergency vehicle access for new
development in VHFHSZs.

Does the plan address long term maintenance of fire
hazard reduction projects, including community fire
breaks and private road and public road clearance?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 21. Work with LACoFD to
identify and maintain fire hazard reduction projects,
8 Questions Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
including community fire breaks and vegetation
clearance around private and public roads.

Is there adequate access (ingress, egress) to new
development in VHFHSZs?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 23. Coordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards for evacuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If areas with inadequate
access/evacuation routes are identified, develop
appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, or
educational programs to ensure safe evacuation.

Are minimum standards for evacuation of residential
areas in VHFHSZs defined?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 23. Coordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards for evacuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If areas with inadequate
access/evacuation routes are identified, develop
appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, or
educational programs to ensure safe evacuation.

If areas exist with inadequate access/evacuation routes, are they identified? Are mitigation measures or
improvement plans identified?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 23. Coordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards for evacuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If areas with inadequate
access/evacuation routes are identified, develop
appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, or
educational programs to ensure safe evacuation.

Are there policies or programs promoting public outreach about defensible space or evacuation routes? Are there
specific plans to reach at-risk populations?
Yes SE Page 39. Safety Policy 6. Establish and maintain a variety of media sources to enable interactive safety
awareness and preparedness educational opportunities
for the residents.

SE Page 42. Safety Action 3. Promote public education
about disaster preparedness, with an emphasis on
protecting vulnerable and at-risk populations such as
seniors and those with limited mobility.

Does the plan identify future water supply for fire
suppression needs?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 16. Coordinate with the City’s water purveyor to ensure necessary water supply
systems and fire flow for structural fire suppression are provided and maintained.
9 Questions Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Does new development have adequate fire protection?
Yes SE Page 38. Safety Goal 8. Assure that existing and new development addresses fire protection in a proactive and preventative way.

SE Page 39. Safety Objective 7. Ensure that adequate
service levels of fire protection are maintained in the City.

Section 2 Develop adequate infrastructure if a new development is located in SRAs or VHFHSZs.

Does the plan identify adequate infrastructure for new
development related to:

Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Water supply and fire flow?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 16. Coordinate with the City’s water purveyor to ensure necessary water supply
systems and fire flow for structural fire suppression are provided and maintained.

Location of anticipated water supply?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 16. Coordinate with the City’s water purveyor to ensure necessary water supply
systems and fire flow for structural fire suppression are provided and maintained.

Maintenance and long-term integrity of water supplies?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 16. Coordinate with the City’s water purveyor to ensure necessary water supply
systems and fire flow for structural fire suppression are provided and maintained.

Evacuation and emergency vehicle access?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 23. Coordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards for evacuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If areas with inadequate
access/evacuation routes are identified, develop
appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, or
educational programs to ensure safe evacuation.

Fuel modification and defensible space?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 22. As part of the LACoFD review process, require ongoing brush management, fuel
management/modification, defensible space, fire
retardant landscaping, and other project design features 10 Does the plan identify adequate infrastructure for new development related to:

Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
for new development located in areas of or adjacent to
the VHFHSZs.

Vegetation clearance maintenance on public and private
roads?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 21. Work with LACoFD to
identify and maintain fire hazard reduction projects,
including community fire breaks and vegetation
clearance around private and public roads.

Visible home and street addressing and signage?
Yes SE Page 43. Safety Action 21. Require all streets, both public and private, to be marked and visible and all street addresses to be posted in plain view.

Community fire breaks? Is there a discussion of how
those fire breaks will be maintained?
Yes SE Page 41. Safety Policy 21. Work with LACoFD to
identify and maintain fire hazard reduction projects,
including community fire breaks and vegetation
clearance around private and public roads.

Section 3 Working cooperatively with public agencies responsible for fire protection.

Question Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Is there a map or description of existing emergency
service facilities and areas lacking service, specifically noting any areas in SRAs or VHFHSZs?
Yes SE Page 18. Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1.

Does the plan include an assessment and projection of
future emergency service needs?
Yes SE Page 39. Safety Objective 7. Ensure that adequate service levels of fire protection are maintained in the City.

SE Page 38. Safety Goal 3. To achieve a greater sense
of citizen satisfaction with the safety services within the community, through constantly monitoring the effective
and efficient staffing of safety service personnel
11 Question Yes or No Comments and Recommendations
Are goals or standards for emergency services training
described?
Yes SE Page 39. Safety Policy 1. Coordinate with LACoFD to proactively develop ongoing emergency services training to stay current with best practices and support
community programs that train volunteers to assist “First Responders” in the implementation of the Hazard
Mitigation Plan programs and Community Wildfire
Protection Plan actions.

Does the plan outline inter-agency preparedness
coordination and mutual aid multi-agency agreements?
Yes SE Page 40. Safety Policy 13. Continue to support
mutual aid / mutual assistance agreements between
local, state, and federal firefighting agencies, including the California Master Mutual Aid Agreement.
12 Sample Safety Element Recommendations
These are examples of specific policies, objectives, or implementation measures that may be used to meet the intent of Government Code sections 65302, subdivision (g)(3) and 65302.5, subdivision (b). Safety element reviewers may make recommendations that are not included here.

A. MAPS, PLANS AND HISTORICAL INFORMATION

1. Include or reference CAL FIRE Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps or locally adopted wildfire hazard zones.

2. Include or reference the location of historical information on wildfires in the planning area.

3. Include a map or description of the location of existing and planned land uses in SRAs and VHFHSZs, particularly habitable structures, roads, utilities, and essential public facilities.

4. Identify or reference a fire plan that is relevant to the geographic scope of the general plan, including the Unit/Contract County Fire Plan, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, and any applicable Community Wildfire Protection Plans.

5. Align the goals, policies, objectives, and implementation measures for fire hazard mitigation in the safety element with those in existing fire plans, or make plans to update fire plans to match the safety element.

6. Create a fire plan for the planning area.

B. LAND USE

1. Develop fire safe development codes to use as standards for fire protection for new development in SRAs or VHFHSZs that meet or exceed the statewide minimums in the SRA Fire Safe Regulations.

2. Adopt and have certified by the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection local ordinances which meet or exceed the minimum statewide standards in the SRA Fire Safe Regulations.

3. Identify existing development that do not meet or exceed the SRA Fire Safe Regulations or certified local ordinances.

4. Develop mitigation measures for existing development that does not meet or exceed the SRA Fire Safe Regulations or certified local ordinances or identify a policy to do so.

C. FUEL MODIFICATION

1. Develop a policy to communicate vegetation clearance requirements to seasonal, absent, or vacation rental owners.

2. Identify a policy for the ongoing maintenance of vegetation clearance on public and private roads.

3. Include fuel breaks in the layout/siting of subdivisions.

4. Identify a policy for the ongoing maintenance of existing or proposed fuel breaks.

5. Identify and/or map existing development that does not conform to current state and/or locally adopted fire safety standards for access, water supply and fire flow, signing, and vegetation clearance in SRAs or VHFHSZs.

6. Identify plans and actions for existing non-conforming development to be improved or mitigated to meet current state and/or locally adopted fire safety standards for access, water supply and fire flow, signing, and vegetation clearance. 13 D. ACCESS

1. Develop a policy that approval of parcel maps and tentative maps in SRAs or VHFHSZs is conditional based on meeting the SRA Fire Safe Regulations and the Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures Regulations, particularly those regarding road standards for ingress, egress, and fire equipment access. (See Gov. Code, § 66474.02.)

2. Develop a policy that development will be prioritized in areas with an adequate road network and associated infrastructure.

3. Identify multi-family housing, group homes, or other community housing in SRAs or VHFHSZs and develop a policy to create evacuation or shelter in place plans.

4. Include a policy to develop pre-plans for fire risk areas that address civilian evacuation and to effectively communicate those plans.

5. Identify road networks in SRAs or VHFHSZs that do not meet title 14, CCR, division 1.5, chapter 7, subchapter 2, articles 2 and 3 (commencing with section 1273.00) or certified local ordinance and develop a policy to examine possible mitigations.

E. FIRE PROTECTION

1. Develop a policy that development will be prioritized in areas with adequate water supply infrastructure.

2. Plan for the ongoing maintenance and long-term integrity of planned and existing water supply infrastructure.

3. Map existing emergency service facilities and note any areas lacking service, especially in SRAs or VHFHSZs.

4. Project future emergency service needs for the planned land uses.

5. Include information about emergency service trainings or standards and plans to meet or maintain them.

6. Include information about inter-agency preparedness coordination or mutual aid agreements. 14 Fire Hazard Planning in Other Elements of the General Plan When updating the General Plan, here are some ways to incorporate fire hazard planning into other elements. Wildfire safety is best accomplished by holistic, strategic fire planning that takes advantage of opportunities to align priorities and implementation measures within and across plans.

LAND USE ELEMENT
Goals and policies include mitigation of fire hazard for future development or limit development in very high fire hazard severity zones.

Disclose wildland urban-interface hazards, including fire hazard severity zones, and/or other vulnerable areas as determined by CAL FIRE or local fire agency.

Design and locate new development to provide adequate infrastructure for the safe ingress of emergency response vehicles and simultaneously allow citizen egress during emergencies.

Describe or map any Firewise Communities or other fire safe communities as determined by the National Fire Protection Association, Fire Safe Council, or other organization.

HOUSING ELEMENT
Incorporation of current fire safe building codes.

Identify and mitigate substandard fire safe housing and neighborhoods relative to fire hazard severity zones.

Consider diverse occupancies and their effects on wildfire protection (group housing, seasonal populations, transit-dependent, etc).

OPEN SPACE AND CONSERVATION ELEMENTS
Identify critical natural resource values relative to fire hazard severity zones.

Include resource management activities to enhance protection of open space and natural resource values.

Integrate open space into fire safety planning and effectiveness.

Mitigation for unique pest, disease and other forest health issues leading to hazardous situations.

CIRCULATION ELEMENT
Provide adequate access to very high fire hazard severity zones.

Develop standards for evacuation of residential areas in very high fire hazard severity zones.

Incorporate a policy that provides for a fuel reduction maintenance program along roadways.