INCORPORATED
JULY 261957
CITY OFIL
BRADBURY
CITY COUNCIL MEETING
Tuesday, March 18, 2025
City of Bradbury
BRADBURY AGENDA
Regular Meeting of the Bradbury City Council
To be held on Tuesday, March 18, 2025
at the Bradbury Civic Center
600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008
OPEN SESSION 7:00 PM
Each item on the agenda, no matter how described, shall be deemed to include any appropriate motion, whether to adopt a minute motion, resolution, payment of any bill, approval of any matter or action, or any other action. Items listed as "For Information" or "For Discussion" may also be subject of an "action" taken by the Board or a Committee at the same meeting.
CALL TO ORDER
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
ROLL CALL: Mayor Hale, Mayor Pro Tem Bruny, Councilmembers Lathrop, Barakat & Szymkowski.
APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA: Majority Vote of City Council to proceed with City Business DISCLOSURE OF ITEMS REQUIRED BY GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 1090 & 81000 ET.SEQ.
1. PUBLIC COMMENT
Perine wishing or dress telese cite your more too lee for al imit your remarks to five minutes
Please note that while the City Council values your comments, the City Council cannot respond nor take action until such time as the matter may appear on a forthcoming agenda. Routine requests for action should be referred to City staff during normal business hours, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. -5:00 p.m., at 626.358.3218.
The City of Bradbury will gladly accommodate disabled persons wishing to communicate at a city public meeting. Please call the City Manager at 626.358.3218 at least 48 hours prior to the scheduled meeting for special assistance.
Agenda - City Council of the City of Bradbury Pg. 1 Regular Meeting - March 18, 2025 ACTION ITEMS*
2. CONSENT CALENDAR
All items on the Consent Calendar are considered by the City Council to be routine and will be enacted by one motion unless a Council Member requests otherwise, in which case the item will be removed and considered by separate action. All Resolutions and Ordinances for Second Reading on the Consent Calendar, the motion will be deemed to "to waive the reading and A. Minutes: Regular Meeting, Tuesday, February 18, 2025.
Monthly Investment Report for the month of March, 2025. c. Resolution No. 25-05, Demands & Warrants for March, 2025.
Resolution No. 25-06: A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Bradbury, California, Designating Kevin Kearney as Deputy City Clerk
REQUEST BY THE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY TO UTILIZE THE CIVIC CENTER'S BACK
PARKING LOT
The Retirement Community has asked if there's an opportunity to lease the back parking lot on a monthly or annual basis. It is recommended that the City Council direct Staff on how to proceed with the request. If there is not a desire for a long-term lease, it is recommended that the City Council set a policy for the Retirement Community's usage frequency.
DISCUSSION ON THE ADOPTION OF THE UPDATED HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT The City is currently in the process of updating its Health and Safety Element.
Before the Element goes through its finalized approvals, it is recommended that the City Council review and make any comments before the City formally submits the element to the State's Board of Forestry and Fire Protection.
DISCUSSION ON THE USAGE OF THE CITY'S COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING
SERVICES (COPS) FUNDS
The City receives COPS funds every year to pay for supplemental law enforcement activities. This includes allocating funds to pay for the Community Service Officer program, installing license plate readers, and extra traffic enforcement. It is recommended that the City Council review the City's current COPS expenditures and direct Staff on how to proceed.
Agenda - City Council of the City of Bradbury Pg. 2 Regular Meeting - March 18, 2025 1271 LEMON AVENUE - CALIFORNIA AMERICAN WATER CONTINUED PUBLIC HEARING The applicant has not yet scheduled all the meeting(s) with the neighbors and officials of the City of Monrovia and Bradoaks Elementary School. It is therefore recommended that the public hearing for the 1271 Lemon Avenue project be continued as open to the April 15, 2025 regular City Council meeting.
7. MATTERS FROM THE CITY MANAGER
8. MATTERS FROM THE CITY ATTORNEY
9. MATTERS FROM THE CITY COUNCIL
Mayor Hale
LA County City Selection Committee
So. California Joint Powers Insurance Authority
Mayor Pro Tem Bruny
Duarte Education Foundation
Councilmember Lathrop
Duarte Community Education Council (CEC)
Councilmember Barakat
LA County Sanitation Districts
oothill Transi
GV Mosquito & Vector Control Distric
10. ITEMS FOR FUTURE AGENDAS
CLOSED SESSION
CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL
PUBLIC COMMENT - REGARDING CLOSED SESSION ONLY
RECESS TO CLOSED SESSION REGARDING:
A. PUBLIC EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Government Code Section 54957 (b)(4)
Title: City Planner (VCA)
Agenda - City Council of the City of Bradbury Pg. 3 Regular Meeting - March 18, 2025 B. PENDING LITIGATION
Pending Litigation pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(4) (Based on existing facts and circumstances, the legislative body of the local agency has decided to initiate or is - deciding whether to initiate litigation).
(3 potential cases).
ADJOURNMENT:
The City Council will adjourn to a Regular Meeting at the Bradbury Civic Center, 600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008 on Tuesday, April 15, 2025 at 7:00 p.m.
ACTION ITEMS: Regardless of a staff recommendation on any agenda item, the City Council will consider such matters, including action to approve, conditionally approve, reject or continue such item. Further information on each item may be procured from City Hail.
"', Diane Jensen, City Clerk, hereby certify that I caused this agenda to be posted at the Bradbury City Hall entrance gate by 5:00 p.m. on Friday, March 14, 2025." City Clerk - City of Bradbury
Agenda - City Council of the City of Bradbury Pg. 4 Regular Meeting - March 18, 2025 AGENDA ITEM NO. 1
PUBLIC COMMENT
AGENDA ITEM NO. 2
A. Minutes: Regular Meeting, Tuesday, February 18, 2025.
B. Monthly Investment Report for the month of March, 2025.
C. Resolution No. 25-05, Demands & Warrants for March, 2025.
D. Resolution No. 25-06: A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Bradbury, California, Designating Kevin Kearney as Deputy City Clerk
INCORPORATED
JULY 26. 1957
MINUTES
CITY COUNCIL
FICITY OFF OF THE CITY OF BRADBURY
REGULAR MEETING
BRADBURY Tuesday, February 18, 2025 - 7:00 P.M.
BRADBURY CIVIC CENTEF
00 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 9100
CALL TO ORDER
The Regular Meeting of the City Council of the City of Bradbury was called to order by Mayor Hale at 7:00 p.m.
ROLL CALL -
PRESENT: Mayor Hale, Mayor Pro Tem Bruny, Councilmembers Lathrop and Szymkowski.
ABSENT: Councilmember Barakat (joined at 7:14 p.m.)
STAFF: City Manager Kearney, City Clerk Jensen, Management Analyst Flores, and City Attorney Reisman.
APPROVAL OF AGENDA:
Mayor Pro Tem Bruny made a motion to approve the agenda with Councilmember Lathrop seconding that motion which passed unanimously, 4:0. The Council proceeded with the City of Bradbury business.
DISCLOSURE OF ITEMS REQUIRED BY GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 1090 & 81000 ET. SEQ. In compliance with the California Political Reform Act, each City Councilmembers has the responsibility to disclose direct or indirect potential for a personal financial impact as a result of participation in the decision-making process concerning agenda items.
City Attorney Reisman stated he had not been made aware of any potential conflicts; however, during the Closed Session, there would be one.
1. PUBLIC COMMENT
Mayor Hale opened the meeting to Public Comment. Christina Lopez, Sr. Public Affairs Specialist with the South Coast Air Quality Management District introduced herself to the Councilmembers as she is the new area representative and point of contact. Public Comment was closed by the Mayor.
CC Minutes
February 18, 2025
ACTION ITEMS*
2. CONSENT CALENDAR
All items on the Consent Calendar are considered by the City Council to be routine and will be enacted by one motion unless a Council Member request otherwise, in which case the item will be removed and considered by separate action. All Resolutions and Ordinances for Second Reading on the Consent Calendar, the motion will be deemed to "to waive the reading and adopt."
A. Minutes: Regular Meeting, Tuesday, January 21, 2025.
B. Monthly Investment Report for the month of February, 2025.
C. Resolution No. 25-03, Demands & Warrants for February, 2025.
D. Assignment Agreement Between the City of Bradbury, California and Foothill Transit for Proposition A Local Return Fund Exchange
E. Approval of the Contract Between the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and the City of Bradbury for Contract Services
F. Resolution No. 25-02 - Authorization of Certain Town Officials and Staff Members to Order Deposits and Withdrawals from the Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) It was moved to approve the Consent Calendar by Councilmember Lathrop with Mayor Pro Tem Bruny seconding that motion which passed 4:0.
3. 1271 LEMON AVENUE - CALIFORNIA AMERICAN WATER CONTINUED PUBLIC HEARING Mayor Hale opened and closed the Public Hearing with the recommendation to readdress it at the next Council meeting on Tuesday, March 18, 2025.
4. HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN UPDATE ADOPTION RESOLUTION NO. 25-04 Aaron Pfannenstiel, the City's representative for Atlas Planning Solutions, made a presentation to the Council. *Councilmember Barakat joined the meeting at 7:14 p.m.
Mayor Pro Tem Bruny made a motion to adopt the 2025 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and making a CEQA Exemption Determination. Councilmember Lathrop seconded the motion which passed 5:0.
5. DISCUSSION ON BRADBURY NIGHT OUT AND APPROVAL OF CARTS JAZZ BAND
AND RENTING OF AN AUDIO SYSTEM
Councilmember Lathrop made a motion to rent the audio equipment from Pacific Productions for $900.00 and invite Carts to perform with a donation of $500.00. Councilmember Szymkowski seconded the motion, which passed 5:0.
City Manager Kearney explained to Council that some vendors have canceled due to the date for the event being "Juneteenth" which is a federal holiday. Staff will discuss this issue with the other vendors which could result in a new event date of June 12, 2025.
CC Minutes
February 18, 2025
6. MATTERS FROM THE CITY MANAGER
Form 700 deadline is April 1".
• • 1550 Lemon Avenue to be completed by next week.
7. MATTERS FROM THE CITY ATTORNEY None.
8. MATTERS FROM THE CITY COUNCIL None.
ITEMS FOR FUTURE AGENDAS
: Health and safety Element Action Items and Policies
Extending Sewer Connection to 500 feet.
CLOSED SESSION
CALL TO ORDER
The Closed Session of the City Council of the City of Bradbury was called to order by Mayor Hale at 7:42 p.m.
ROLL CALL -
PRESENT: Mayor Hale, Mayor Pro Tem Bruny and Councilmembers Lathrop, Barakat and Szymkowski.
ABSENT: None.
STAFF: City Manager Kearney and City Attorney Reisman.
PUBLIC COMMENT - No members of the general public in attendance.
RECESS TO CLOSED SESSION REGARDING:
A. PENDING LITIGATION
Pending Litigation pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(4) (Based on existing facts and circumstances, the legislative body of the local agency has decided to initiate or is deciding whether to initiate litigation). 3 potential cases. *Councilmember Lathrop recused himself for the third item of discussion due to proximity. • Council considered litigation regarding three properties. Council authorized the City Attorney to commence prosecution if need be on all three (3.) 1st: Criminal and Civil
2nd: Civil Inspection Warrant to Start
3rd: Threaten and Possibly initiate Litigation or Cooperation.
CC Minutes
February 18, 2025
ADJOURNMENT:
At 8:10 p.m, the Regular Meeting was adjourned to a Regular Meeting at the Bradbury Civic Center, 600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008 on Tuesday, March 18, 2025 at 7:00 p.m.
SIGNED BY:
03.18.2025
MAYOR DATE
City of Bradbury
ATTEST:
03.18.2025
Diane Jensen DATE
City Clerk, City of Bradbury
CC Minutes
February 18, 2025
City of Bradbury
Monthly Investment Report
Feb-25
CASH ON DEPOSIT BY ACCOUNT CASH & INVESTMENTS ON DEPOSIT BY FUND Bank Accounts: Amount Maturity Interest Rate Funds Amount Wells Fargo Bank - General Checking 453,947.71 n/a General Fund (101) $4,994,268.45 Utility Users Tax Fund (102) $495,020.52
Deposits Fund (103) ($2,850.31)
Investments: Long Term Planning Fee Fund (112) $13,159.34 Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) $ 3,679,356.76 n/a 4.330% Technology Fee Fund (113) $6,083.28 Gas Tax Fund (200)
SB 1 Gas Tax Fund (201) $25,632.28
Prop A Fund (203) $98,333.33
Prop C Fund (204) $52,730.12
TDA Fund (205) $2,765.85
Medallion Bank 243,000.00 08/19/2027 Sewer Fund (206) $0.00 BMO Bank of NA 240,000.00 10/14/2025 STPL Fund (208) $1,112.33 Bank of America 244,000.00 07/17/2026 4.70% Recycling Grant Fund (209) $8,911.21 Treasury Bills $ 1,049,867.29 10/2/2025 3.85% SB 1383 Organic Waste Recyclying (209) $0.00 Treasury Bills 254,088.53 1/15/2027 4.15% Measure R Fund (210) $54,092.98 Treasury Bills 418,812.34 1/31/2028 4.20% Measure M Fund (212) $102,340.77 Measure W Fund (213) $17,853.81
COPS Fund (215) $683,390.41
County Park Grant Fund (217) $9,754.29
CWPP Grant Fund (219) $20,473.97
ARPA Fund 220) $0.00
Total $6,583,072.63 6,583,072.63
I hereby certify that there are sufficient funds available to meet the City's obligations for the next three (3) months.
This report is prepared in accordance with the guidelines established in the Statement of Investment Policy adopted August 18, 2024 Submitted By: Reviewed By:
Kink 3/4/25
Laurie Stiver
City Manager Date City Manager Date
City of Bradbury (BBY)
Budget Revenue Report
Fiscal Year 2024/2025
7/1/2024 to 02/28/2025
Operating Revenue
Actual - FY
GL Account Account Description 23/24 Actual Budget Variance 101-00-4010 Property Tax-Current Secured 525,972 291,283 490,000 59% 101-00-4030 Property Tax-Current Unsecured 2,385 22,000 11% 101-00-4050 Property Tax Prior Year - #DIV/O1
101-00-4060 PSAF 7,621 64%
101-00-4070 Delinquent Taxes 8,049 115%
101-00-4100 Sales & Use Tax 1,111 56%
101-00-4110 | Franchise Fee-Cable TV 12,028 65%
101-00-4111 Cable TV DIVCA (PEG) : 2,419
101-00-4120 Franchise Fee-SC Edison
101-00-4130 Franchise Fee-SC Refuse * 23,822
101-00-4140 Franchise Fee-SC Gas Co.
101-00-4150 | Franchise Fee-Cal Am Water :
101-00-4160 AB939 Refuse Admin. Fee 22,576 20,000
101-00-4190 Real Property Transfer Tax 4,967 8,537 31,000 101-00-4200 Motor Vehicle In-Lieu 158,900 • 82,637 150,000 101-00-4210 Dist & Bail Forfieture 369 76 250
101-00-4220 Fines-City 3,353 1,200 1,000
101-00-4350 Business License 23,798 16,185 22,000 74%
101-00-4360 Movie & TV Permits 13,390 14,000 0%
101-00-4370 Bedroom License Fee 5,150 23,690 5,000 474% 101-00-4410 Variances & CUPs 3,769 3,000 54%
101-00-4420 Lot Line Adjustment/Zone Changes 31,058 1,500 0% 101-00-4440 Subdivisions/Lot Splits 4,844 - 2,000 0%
101-00-4460 Planning Dept. Review 15,774 15,000 31%
101-00-4470 Building Construction Permits 103,033 115,000 105% 101-00-4480 Building Plan Check Fees 95,252 100,000 68% 101-00-4485 Landscape Plan Check Permit Fee 3,768 4,000 116% 101-00-4490 Green Code Compliance 6,594 7,000 231%
101-00-4500 Civic Center Rental Fee 900 900 0%
101-00-4530 Environmental & Other Fees 1,810 1,850 0%
101-00-4540 City Engineering Plan Check & Inspection 77,312| 70,000 50% 101-00-4545 NDES Fee #DIV/O!
101-00-4600 175,356 10,000 165%
General Interest Income
101-00-4700 Sales of Maps & Publications/Copies 150 30 #DIV/0! 956 : #DIV/O1
101-00-4800 Other Revenue
101-00-4850 Cal-Am Loan Repayment 4,820 4,500 107%
101-00-4900 Reimbursements #DIV/01
101-00-4920 Sale of Prop. A Funds 59,398 0%
101-20-4260 Gen Plan Update _ Hsg Grant Reimb (Ve ... #DIV/01 101-24-4610 Donations-Emergency Preparedness 1,000 #DIV/01 A............ GENERAL FUND TOTALS 1,553,534 919,603 1,396,498 66% 102-00-4600 UUT: Interest Income 14,166 6,470 12,000 54% 112-00-4490 Long Term Planning Fee 3,662 782 2,500 31%
112-00-4600 Long Term Planning: Interest Income 300 148 250 | 59% 1 of 2
113-00-4520 Technology Fee 8,855 8,737 8,000 109%
113-00-4600 Techn Fee: Interest Income 309 112 250 45%. 200-48-4260 Gas Tax 35,254 22,190 30,000 74%
200-00-4600 Gas Tax: Interest Income 178 33 • 175 19%
201-00-4260 SB1 Gas Taxes 21,447 16,974 19,000 89%
201-00-4600 SB1: Interest Income 105 164 50 327%
203-40-4260 Prop. A Funds 23,971 15,745 21,000 75%
203-00-4600 Prop. A: Interest Income 1,957 1,042 1,500 69% 204-48-4260 Prop. C Funds 19,883 13,060 20,000 * 615%
204-00-4600 Interest Income 1,098 574 900 64%
205-48-4260 TDA Funds 2,969 3,336 5,000 67%
205-00-4600 Interest Income 7 #DIV/0!
208-00-4600 Interest Income 29 13 25 53%
209-00-4260 Recycling Grant Funds 5,000 5,000 0%
209-00-4600 Recycling Grant: Interest 813 410 650 63%
210-48-4260 Measure R Funds 1,842 8,340 13,000
210-00-4600 Interest income 13,421 568 1,500
212-48-4260 Measure M 15,170 9,456 14,000
212-00-4600 Measure M: Interest Income 2,446 1,237 1,900 213-48-4260 Measure W 54,188 50,000
215-23-4260 COPs Funds 185,783 194,663 100,000
215-00-4600 Interest income 14,577 6,153 10,000
217-00-4600 County Park Grant Fund: Interest Income 252 116 200 219-00-4600 /CWPP: interest Income 528 243 450
...... OTHER FUNDS 428,203 310,571 317,350
C............. ALL FUNDS 1,981,737 1,230,175 1,713,848
2 of 2
City of Bradbury (BBY)
Budget Revenue Report
Fiscal Year 2024/2025
7/1/2024 to 02/28/2025
Operating Expenses
Actual - FY
GL Account 23/24 Actual Budget
101-11-6100 | City Council Events & Awards 24,068 5,621 14,000 40% 101-11-6110 City Council City Newsletter 0 400 0%
101-11-6500 City Council Community Support-Homelessness 3,000 0 4,000 0% 101-12-5010 City Manager Salary 197,600 67%
City Manager Benefits 74,000 65%
| City Manager Meetings & Conferences 5,000 38%
101-12-6025 City Manager Expense Account 68 1,500 5%
101-12-6050 City Manager Mileage 83%
101-12-6440 City Manager Cell Phone 67%
101-13-5010 City Clerk Salary 66%
City Clerk Benefits 50%
101-13-6020 City Clerk Meetings & Conferences
101-13-6040 City Clerk Transportation & Lodging 0 0%
101-13-6050 City Clerk Mileage 32%
101-13-6210 City Clerk Special Department Supplies 0 0% 101-13-6220 City Clerk Election Supplies 79 13%
101-13-6225 City Clerk Codification 77%
101-14-5010 Finance Director Salary 66%
101-14-6210 Special Finance Department Supplies 15 0 0% 101-14-6230 Contracted Finance Computer Services 35%
101-14-7010 Contracted Banking Services 69%
101-14-7020 Contracted Audit Services 27%
101-14-7040 GASB Reports 70%
101-15-6125 City Attorney-Planning 34%
101-15-7020 City Attorney Retainer 37,200 58%
101-15-7070 City Attorney Special Services 0 25,000 0%
101-15-7075 City Attorney Clerk Development Code Update 8,000 0% 101-15-7080 City Attorney Seminars & Training 1,000 68% 101-15-7450 City Attorney Code Enforcement 2,500
101-16-5010 Management Analyst Salary 67,600 66%
101-16-5100 Mangement Analyst Benefits 21,297 66%
101-16-6010 Mgmt Anlyst Seminars & Training 97 0 0%
101-16-6020 Mngmnt Anlyst Meetings & Conferences 81%
101-16-6040 Mgmnt Analyst Trptn & Lodging
101-16-6050 Mangement Analyst Mileage
101-16-6120 Postage
101-16-6200 Office Supplies
101-16-6210 Special Department Supplies
101-16-6230 Computer & Website Services
101-16-6240 PERS UAL Payment
101-16-6241 PERS Replace Benefit Contributiom 2,781
101-16-6242 PERS SSA 218 Annual Fee 50
101-16-6250 Copier & Duplications 938 602
101-16-6300 insurance 83,851 9,999
101-16-6400 Utilities 10,985 9,768
101-16-6415 Street Signs 2,452
101-16-6440 Telephone 2,278 1,438
101-16-6450 Building Operations 3,624 628
101-16-6460 Building & Cleanning Services 6,632 3,671
1 of 3
General Maintenance & Supplies
User Fee Study
Redistricting 59 0
Contracted Engineering Services
Lemon Ave Trail Proj - Grant Exp Acct_FY 2023/24 0 0 #DI City Planner Postage 88
City Planner Special Dept Supplies
City Planner Retainer
Contracted Building & Safety Services
City Planner Special Services
General Plan Update 0
Royal Oaks Trail Maintenance
City Hall Grounds Maintenance
Hillside Open Space Acquisition 0 0 #DI
Trail Maintenance
Mt.Olive Entrance Maintenance
Lemon/RO Horse Trail
Street Tree Trimming
Public Safety Special Departmental Supp
Contract Services Sheriff
City Hall Security
Code Enforcement
5010 Emrgncy Mgmt Seminars & Training 0
6020 Emergency Management Meetings & Co 0
5030 Emrgncy Mgmt Memberships & Dues
6470 Emrgncy Mgmt Maintenance & Supplies 139
6480 Civic Center Generator
101-25-7000 Animal Control Services
101-25-7010 Pest Contral Services 0 0%
101-30-6030 General Memberships & Dues
101-48-7750 Bradbury Road Project 0%
101-48-7751 Lemon Ave Trail 0 0%
A............. GENERAL FUND TOTALS
102-42-7630 UUT: NPDES Storm Water Compliance
102-42-7631 UUT: RH/SGRWM Joint Powers Authority
113-20-4500 Permit Digitizing 600 0 #D1
113-20-7040 Tech Non-Capitalized Equipment 242 0 #DI
43%
113-20-7730 Tech Funds: Website
113-20-8120 Tech Funds: Cap Equpmnt-Server & Cop 52%
200-48-6400 Gas Tax: Utilities-Select System 98%
200-48-6410 Gas Tax: Street Lights 74%
200-48-7000 PW Contract Services 0 #DIV/0!
200-48-7290 Gas Tax: Street Sweeping 50%
200-48-7750 Gas Tax: Bradbury Road Project 10%
201-48-7750 SB1: Bradbury Road Project 0
203-00-7600 Prop A: Sale of Prop. A Funds 0%
204-20-6030 Prop C: Memberships & Dues 84%
204-40-7325 Prop C: Transit Services 58%
204-48-7750 Prop C: Bradbury Road Project 0%
1205-48-7045 TDA: RO Trail 0 0%
208-48-7750 |STPL: Bradbury Road Project 0 0%
209-00-7320 SB 1383: Organic Waste Recycling 1942%
209-35-7300 Recycling Beverage/Container 137%
210-48-7750 Measure R: Bradbury Road Project 0 0%
2 of 3
212-48-7750 Measure M: Bradbury Road Project 9,009 111,043 8% 213-42-7630 Measure W: NPDES Stormwater Complia 47,876 6,600 50,506 13% 215-23-7411 COPS: Contract CSO 118,376 0 150,000 0%
217-21-7650 County Park Grant: Civic Center Park 1,000 0% .......... OTHER FUNDS 315,207 158,798 716,583 22%
C............. ALL FUNDS 1,673,191 905,941 2,184,116 41% 3 of 3
RESOLUTION NO. 25-05
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BRADBURY, CA., APPROVES THE MARCH DEMANDS & WARRANTS FOR PRE-RELEASE CHECK #18163 and EFT/ACH PAYMENTS TOTALING $9,641.10 and REGULAR CHECKS #18164 through CHECK #18126, PAYROLL, ACH, EFT AND & EMPLOYEE BENEFITS TOTALING $241,418.75 FOR A COMBINED TOTAL OF $251,059.85
The City Council of the City of Bradbury does hereby resolve as follows:
Section 1. PRE-RELEASE CHECKS/ACH/EFT
That the demands as set forth hereinafter are approved & warrants authorized to be drawn from the General Checking account for checks from said demands in the amount of $9,641.10 during the month of March, 2025.
CHECK # VENDOR/INVOICE # DESCRIPTION SUBTOTAL TOTAL PAID Health Insurance - March 2025
EFT Pay Aetna
CM- Kearney (family) 101.12.5100 $ 2,164.69
03.02.25 Inv. J2135570
CC - Jensen (single) 101.13.5100 $ 1,223.19$ 3,899.42
MA- Flores (single) 101.16.5100 $ 511.54
Dental Insurance - March 2025
ACH Pay Delta Dental CM- Kearney (family) 101.12.5100 $ 124.86
03.02.25 Inv. BE006467551 40.74 $ 206.34
CC -Jensen (single) 101.13.5100 $
MA - Flores (single) 101.16.5100 $ 40.74
ACH Pay Frontier Fire Alarm Line $
02/22/25 to 03/21/25 Acct. 101.23.7420 88.06
03.05.25 Salary 101.16.5010 $2,600.00
Mario Flores M/ 101.00.2011
March '25 Taxes w/h -395.35
ACH CaPERS 101.16.5100 - 167.67
Mario Flores MA Vacation Hours: #x $37.50 4,656.86
03.12.25 $2,697.50
March '25 83 x$37.50
Mario Flores MA Mileage Reimbursement
March '25 28 miles x .70 $19.60
18163 SGVCMA City Manager Mtg. -Luncheon
40.00 03.19.2025 Acct. 101.12.6020
EFT Pay Southern CA Edison 600 Winston City Hall 270.83
01.22.25 to 02.20.25 Acct. 101.16.6400 $
03.11.25 EFT Pay Southern CA Edison 2298 Gardi Street
01.22.25 to 02.20.25 Acct. 200.48.6400 44.52
03.11.25 EFT Pay So Cal Ga: 600 Winston Avenue $ 126.48
03.11.25 1/22/25- 02/21/2 Acct. 101.16.6400
Spectrum
EFT Pay Office Internet $ 171.25
03.10.25 01.23.25-02.22.25 Acct. 101.16.6230
Inv. 0101050022325
Life Insurance - March 2025
ACH Pay The Standard Ins. CM- Kearney 101.12.5100 $ 9.65
03.02.25 $ 9.65 $ 28.95
CC- Jensen 101.13.5100
MA - Flores 101.16.5100 9.65
Vision Insurance - March 2025
ACH Pay VSP Insurance CM - Kearney (family) 101.12.5100 $ 61.07
03.02.25 Inv. 822313601 CC - Jensen (single) 101.13.5100 $ 23.66 $ 108.39 MA - Flores (single) 101.16.5100 $ 23.66
SECTION 1 $ 9,641.10
TOTAL
1 VCA, The Code Group, Inc. Professional Consulting
18177
inv. 852038 Feb. '25 Plan Check Services 101.20.7220 1,611.07 Inv. 852029 Feb. 25 1. Kasama Retainer 101.20.7210 $ 5,511.07 $ 3,900.00
U.S. Bank Fob. '25 Custody Charges/Safekeeping Fees
18178 Customer #386000224 Acct. 101.14.7010 $ 35.75
SECTION 2
$ 25,354.12
TOTAL
Section 3. ACH + EFT
That the demands as set forth hereinafter are approved and warrants authorized to be drawn from the General Checking Account for payments from demands in the amount of $189,809.24 during the month of March, 2025.
ACH Pay Atlas Planning Solution Hazard Mitigation Plan
03.20.25 Acct. 101.23.6210 $3,534.00
Inv.#1707
EFT Pay Cal American Water 1775 Woodlyn Lane 02/25
03.20.25 No.210019988024 Acct. 200.48.6400 $ 575.50
EFT Pay Cal American Water 2256 Gardi Street 02/25 22.29
03.20.25 No. 210019919035 Acct. 200.48.6400 $
EFT Pay Cal American Water 2410 Mt. Olive Ln. IRRIG. 02/25 85.48
03.20.25 No.210020461222 $
Acct. 200.48.6400
EFT Pay Cal American Water 301 Mt. Olive St. IRRIG - 02.05-03.06
03.20.25 No.210021468844 $ 214.34
Acot. 200.48.6400
EFT Pay Cal American Water 600 WInston Ave.
03.20.25 No. 210019989065 01.31.25 to 03.04.25 $ 190.44 Acet. 101.16.6400
ACH Pay Consensus -Fax- March 2
03.20.25 Inv. #3337975 Acct. 101.16.6230 $10.00
ACH Pay Commercial Paving & Coating Bradbury Road Widening Project
03.20.25 Acct. 212.48.7750 $ 123,712.95
Inv. 2502014
ACH Pay Coverall March '25 Office Cleaning
03.20.25 Inv. 1000103886 Acct. 101.16.6460 . $ 394.00
ACH Pay Data Ticket Dally Citation Processing
03.20.25 Inv. 176456 Acct. 101-23-6210 $ 0.65
Jones-Mayer // City Attorney - Feb. '25
ACH Pay Inv. 127876 Monthly Retalner 101.15.7020 $ 3,100.00
03.20.25 Inv. 127876
Code Enforcement 101.15.7450 $ 1,616,50 $ 6,455.00
Inv. 127877 Zoning/General Plan 101.15.6125 $ 1,738.50
Monthly Cell Phone - March '25 76.00
$
Acct. 101.12.6440
Milange Reimbursement
10/30/24-12/20/2024 106.33
ACH Pay Kevin Kearney 158.7 miles x.67/mile
$ 469.87
03.20.25 March. '25 Acct. 101.12.6050
Illeage Reimbursemen
01/03/25-03/06/25
412.2 miles x.70/mile 288.54
Acct. 101.12.6050
ACH Pay LA-RICS Regional Radio Communicatlons Connectivity Monthly - Acct. 101.24.6470 $ 20.00
03.20.25 Inv. Bradbury FY 24/25-08
SECTION 4. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS/TAX WITH HOLDINGS/SALARIES That the demands as set forth in Section 4 are approved and warrants authorized to be drawn from the General Checking Account for payments from said demands in the amount of $26,255.39 during the month of March, 2025.
ACH Pay CAL PERS CM - Kearney 101.12.5100 $2,824.04
03.26.25 March '25 CC - Jensen 101.13.5100 $ 998.37 $ 4,160.30 MA - Flores 101.16.5100 $ 337.93
EFT Pay EDD SDI Tax 101.00.2011 $304.18 1,472.45
$
03.26.25 March'25 State Tax 101.00.2011 $1168.27
Federal W/H 101.00.2011 $2,086.00
SS Employees 101.00.5100 $1,467.05
EFT Pay IRS $ 369.70 5,759.50
03.26.25 Medicare Emp. 101.00.5100 $
March '25 SS Employer 101.00.2011 $1,467.05
$ 369.70
Medicare Emplyr 101.00.2011
ACH Kevin Kearney CM Salary 101.12.5010 $16,466.67 $ 12,366.82
03.26.25 March '25 Taxes W/H 101.00.2011 (4,099.85)
$6,391.67
Salary 101.13.5010 ($900.00)
ACH Diane Jensen CC Taxes w/h 101.00.2011
($495.35) $ 2,496.32
03.26.25 March '25 CalPERS 101.13.5100 ($2,500.00)
Plan 457 101.13.5100
SECTION 4 $
26,255.39
TOTAL
SECTION 1-4 $ 251,193.78
GRAND TOTAL
Richard I. Hale, It., Mayor (District 1)
Elizabeth Bruny, Mayor Pro Tem (District 5)
Melodie Szymkowski, Council Member (District 2)
Richard Barakat, Council Member (District 3)
BRADBURY Bruce Lathrop, Council Member (District 4)
City of Bradbury
Agenda Memo
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Kevin Kearney, City Manager
DATE: March 28, 2025
SUBJECT: Resolution No. 25-06: A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Bradbury, California, Designating Kevin Kearney as Deputy City Clerk
ATTACHMENTS: 1. Resolution No. 25-06
SUMMARY
With the recent departure of the City's Management Analyst, the City is in need of a Deputy City Clerk to assist with signing and posting agendas, minutes and fulfil other regulatory city clerk duties in the absence of a City Clerk. Without such designation, agendas may not be posted during specific time fames if the City Clerk happens to be on vacation or out sick.
The recommendation is to designate Kevin Kearney, City Manager, as the Deputy City Clerk until the Management Analyst position is filled. This will allow the City Manager to fulfil specific duties required by law during the absence of the current City Clerk.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council adopt Resolution No. 25-06, which designates Kevin Kearney, the City's current City Manager, as the Deputy City Clerk.
FOR CITY COUNCIL AGENDA AGENDA ITEM #
ATTACHMENT #1
RESOLUTION NO. 25-06
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF BRADBURY, CALFORNIA, DESIGNATING
KEVIN KEARNEY AS DEPUTY CITY CLERK
WHEREAS, The City of Bradbury needs to designate a Deputy City Clerk in the event of the absence of the City Clerk;
WHEREAS, The City of Bradbury desires to designate Kevin Kearney as the Deputy City Clerk;
WHEREAS, The designation of Deputy City Clerk for Kevin Kearney shall take effect starting March 18, 2025.
NOW, THEREFORE IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED, ORDERED AND FOUND by the City Council of the City of Bradbury, State of California, as follows:
The City Council of the City of Bradbury hereby designates Kevin Kearney as Deputy City Clerk; and
The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution. is 18 day of March, 2020, by the yollowin Council of the City of Bradbury. State of Calliomi.
MAYOR - CITY OF BRADBURY
ATTEST:
CITY CLERK - CITY OF BRADBURY
"I, Diane Jensen, City Clerk, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution, being Resolution No.
25.0i, as dun ad opted ay the arch, 2oz by of the ring for al vote Calornia, at a regular AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
CITY CLERK - CITY OF BRADBURY
AGENDA ITEM NO. 3
REQUEST BY:
THE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY
TO UTILIZE THE CIVIC CENTER'S
BACK PARKING LOT
Richard T. Hale, Mayor (District 1)
Elizabeth Bruny, Mayor Pro Tem (District 5)
Melodie Szymkowski, Council Member (District 2)
Richard Barakat, Council Member (District 3)
BRADBURY Bruce Lathrop, Council Member (District 4)
City of Bradbury
Agenda Memo
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Kevin Kearney, City Manager
DATE: March 18, 2025
SUBJECT: REQUEST BY THE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY TO UTILIZE THE
CIVIC CENTER'S BACK PARKING LOT
SUMMARY
The Retirement Community has asked the City if there might be an opportunity for them to lease the back parking lot on a monthly or annual basis, with an agreed-upon fee for its use. Should there be interest to lease the back lot, the City could draft an agreement that stipulates the integrity and cleanliness of the space, and indemnifies the City for the Retirement Community's use.
A representative from the Retirement Community is expected to be present to facilitate this discussion.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council direct Staff on how to proceed with the Retirement Communi ease, is tommended that are Cily Council set a policy whether formal or informal) for the Retirement Community's usage frequency.
FOR CITY COUNCIL AGENDA AGENDA ITEM #
AGENDA ITEM NO. 4
DISCUSSION:
ADOPTION OF THE UPDATED
HEALTH AND SAFETY ELEMENT
Richard T. Hale, Jt., Mayor (District 1)
Elizabeth Bruny, Mayor Pro Tem (District 5)
Melodie SzymRowski, Council Member (District 2)
Richard Barakat, Council Member (District 3)
BRADBURY Bruce Lathrop, Council Member (District 4)
City of Bradbury
Agenda Memo
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Kevin Kearney, City Manager
DATE: March 28, 2025
SUBJECT: DISCUSSION ON THE ADOPTION OF THE UPDATED HEALTH
AND SAFETY ELEMENT
ATTACHMENTS: 1. Health and Safety Element, Draft
2. Climate Vulnerability Assessment, Draft
3. Evacuation Route Analysis, Draft
SUMMARY
The City Council adopted the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan during the February 2025 meeting, and this triggered a need to readopt the City's Health and Safety Element (herein 'HSE' and 'Element").
The current HSE was adopted in November 2023 and was assembled by a City retained contractor since a Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Evacuation Route Analysis were needed as part of the update. Since the HSE was recently updated in 2023, changes needed to the Element are relatively minor.
The process to update the HSE is the following:
1. Submit to CalFire for review
2. CalFire recommends to the City any needed changes
3. City makes changes and then resubmits to CalFire
4. If changes are made and/or resolved, the City resubmits the HSE to the California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection through CalFire.
5. The Board of Forestry and Fire Protection reviews the HSE and proposes any changes
6. If the changes are relatively minor, the City will make the changes and the City Council will then formally adopt the HSE
FOR CITY COUNCIL AGENDA AGENDA ITEM #
Discussion on the Adoption of the Updated Health and Safety Element
City Staff recently met with CalFire reviewers at a wildland fire meeting. Staff discussed with CalFire the changes needed to the HSE, and Staff felt confident making the updates without the assistance of a consultant. As such, Staff made initial changes and then asked CalFire for an informal review.
The attached documents reflect the changes needed to update the HSE and have already been informally reviewed and approved by CalFire. The documents are now being sent to the City Council for their review and comments before being formally submitted to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection for their formal review and approvals. The documents will come back to the City Council for final approval, but this discussion item allows the City Council to make any desired changes before formal adoption. Any updates by the City Council will need to gain approval from CalFire, so it is recommended that any City Council changes be contingent to CalFire's approval.
Should the City Council review and be okay with the draft HSE, Staff will formally submit the Element for Board of Forestry and Fire Protection approvals by at least the second week of April for the Board's May 13" scheduled meeting.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that City Council review the draft Health and Safety Element and provide any feedback. Should the City Council be okay with the draft Element, it is recommended that Staff formally submit the Element for Board of Forestry and Fire Protection review and approvals.
ATTACHMENT #1
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
lealth and Safety Element - Final Drat Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 General Plan 2012-2030
Health and Safety Element
(Noise and Safety Elements Combined)
Table of Contents
Topic Pg. No.
Noise Chapter
Purpose
Noise Chapter Objective
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements
Overview of Noise Chapter Issues
Characteristics of Traffic Noise
Existing Noise Environment
Future Noise Environment
Noise Objectives
Noise Policies
Noise Implementation Action Program
Safety Chapter
Purpose
Safety Chapter Objective
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements
Related Agencies, Laws and Plans
Overview of Safety Chapter Issues
Fire Hazards
Flood Hazards
Geologic Hazards
Landslides
Erosion
Liquefaction
Seiches
Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plan
Police Services
Fire Services
Medical Services
Peakload Water Supply
Health and Safety Page No. i
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 - Deleted: November 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan 30
Hazardous Waste and Materials Management Program 31
Emergency Preparedness 31
Disaster Area Management 32
Alert LA County 32
Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP) 33
Evacuation Routes and Reception Centers 34
Climate Change and Resiliency Planning 37
Safety Goals, Objectives and Policies 38
Safety Goals 38
Safety Objectives 38
Safety Policies 39
Safety Implementation Action Program 42
Appendices
Appendix H-S A Lina on Reality agessment
Appendix H-S B
Tables
able H-S Noise No. (Existing Noise Measurements)
able H-S Noise No. (Existing and Future Roadway Noise Levels (CEL)) Exhibits
Exhibit H-S Noise No. (Acoustical Scale) 3
Exhibit H-S Noise No. (Noise Contour Map) 10
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1 (Fire Hazard Severity Zones) 18 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2 (Regional Fault Segments) 24
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 City Seismic Hazard Zone Ma 27 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 (Emergency Access and Evacuation Pla 36 Health and Safety Page No. ii
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
tealth and Safety Element - Final Draf Revised March 2025 - Deleted: November 2023 Health and Safety Element
The City of Bradbury General Plan Health and Safety Element consists of the combination of the tate required Noise Elementand Safety Elema, The required General Plan Elements hav eliminate redundanc
Noise Chapter
Purpose
The Noise Chapter of the Bradbury General Plan establishes guidelines for controlling noise in the City. The Noise Chapter examines the characteristics and effects of noise. It describes State and Federal guidelines relating to noise control. An evaluation of the existing noise environment is included. This portion of the Health and Safety Element contains a discussion of the anticipated future noise environment. The Chapter identifies sensitive land uses and potential noise sources that may cause impacts.
As mandated by the California Government Code Section 65302(f), the Noise Chapter follows the guidelines established by the State Office of Planning and Research. Local governments must "analyze and quantify" noise levels and the extent of noise exposure through actual measurement or the use of noise modeling. Technical data relating to mobile and point sources must be collected and synthesized into a set of noise control policies and programs that "minimizes the exposure of community residents to excessive noise." Noise level contours must be mapped and the conclusions of the element used as a basis for land use decisions.
The element must include implementation measures and possible solutions to existing and foreseeable noise problems. Furthermore, the policies and standards must be sufficient to serve as a guideline for compliance with sound transmission control requirements. The noise element directly correlates to the land, circulation, and housing elements. Pursuant to these requirements, the Noise Chapter must indicate noise levels from traffic along major roads and highways. Noise contours are used to illustrate noise levels in areas adjacent to major roadways. The noise contour map identifies existing noise levels in the City and noise levels anticipated from projected traffic The Chapter provides a framework within which future planning and noise-related decisions will be made and implemented. Development and traffic have a direct bearing on noise in the local environment. The community survey conducted as part of General Plan Update found that most residents view the relatively quiet and noise free environment of the City as an important amenity that must be preserved.
The Noise Chapter of the Health and Safety Element includes goals, policies, and objectives that will aid in the creation and maintenance of an acceptable noise environment for the City's residents. The single-family nature of the community is the use of land that creates the least noise impacts. Although single-family dwellings create minimal noise generators it is important to review the surrounding uses of land that may cause concern to the community. In residential areas such Health and Safety Page No. 1
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 as Brady major contributors to noise are transportation, construction, garden equipment, as well as human and animal services. Additionally, sensitive noise receptors have been identifiec and goals and policies have been created to protect these uses from excessive noise impacts.
Noise Chapter Objective
The objective of the Noise Chapter is to maintain and preserve the existing quiet and relative noise free environment in the City. The effects of noise can be eliminated or reduced through regulatory noise controls and responsible land use planning. Noise and land use guidelines have een developed by State and Federal agencies including the Federal Highway Administration he Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Housing and Urban Development. the American National Standards Institute, and the State of California.
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements
California Planning Law requires that all elements of the General Plan be consistent. While each of the General Plan Elements could be characterized as independent documents, they are also interrelated in the common goal of providing a long-range integrated plan for the ongoing development of the City. The Noise Chapter is most directly related to the Land Use, Circulation, and Community Resources Elements.
Goals, objectives, and policies set forth in all of the General Plan Elements have been reviewed and assessed for internal consistency.
Overview of Noise Chapter Issues
Noise is defined as any unwanted sound. Sound is defined in terms of loudness (amplitude) and frequency (pitch). The standard unit of measurement for loudness is the decibel (dB). Since the human ear is not equally sensitive to sound at all frequencies, a frequency-dependent rating scale rates the level of noise to the sensitivity of the human ear. The A-Weighted decibel scale (dBA) discriminates against frequencies in a manner approximating to the sensitivity of the human ear.
Decibels are based on the logarithmic scale, in terms of human response to noise. Everyday sounds normally range from 20 dB (very quiet) to 100 dB (very loud).
The Single Event Noise Exposure Level (SENEL) is the most appropriate noise level-duration rating scale for a single noise event. The SENEL is given in decibels. The noise exposure level of a single event is measured over the time interval between the initial sounds to the final sound for which it exceeds the threshold of acceptable noise level. A single event is a solitary occurrence such as a train passing by or an aircraft flying overhead (overflight). Examples of various sound levels due to varying activities are shown in Exhibit H-S Noise No. 1.
Health and Safety Page No. 2
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 - Deleted: November 2023 dBA*
180
LETHAL
155
150
145
Sonic Boom
THRESHOLD 140
OF 135
PAIN 130
Jet Takeoff at 200'
125
120 Discotheque
PHYSICAL 115 Motorcycle at 20
DISCOMFORT 110 Power Mower
105
100 Newspaper Press and Freight Train at 50°
Food Blender and Propeller Plane Fly-over at 1,000
90 Electric Mixer
Freeway Traffic at 50; Washing Machine; Alarm Clock;
80 Garbage Disposal; Electric Can Opener
Office with Tabulating Machines
Vacuum Cleaner; Portable Fan, and Average Traffic at 100° 65 Electric Typewriter at 10
Dishwasher Rinse at 10; Air Conditioning Unit
60 50 Normal Conversation at 124
Refrigerator and Light Traffic at 100
Library
THRESHOLD 35
OF 30
HIHARING
Motion Picture Studio
Leaves Rustling
*The unit of sound is the decibel (dB). The loudness of sound is typically measured using a sound meter, the A-Scale of which corresponds closely to the way the human car perceives sound Thus the sound level for noise evaluations is frequently expressed in CHA
Exhibit H-S Noise No. 1
ACOUSTICAL SCALE
Health and Safety Page No. 3
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Cumulative noise measurements have been developed to assess community response to noise These scales attempt to include the loudness of each event, the duration of these events, the total number of events, and the time of day that these events occur, into one single number rating cale. The cumulative noise measurement includes the Equivalent Noise Level (Leg) and the ommunity Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL). The Leq represents the average sound level energ! or a one-hour period and employs an A-weighted decibel correction, which corresponds to the optimal frequency response of the human ear. CNEL is a 24-hour, time-weighted annual noise level and is a measure of the overall noise exposure for a 24-hour period. So that, noise levels during the evening (7 p.m. to 10 p.m.) are penalized by 5 dB and noise levels at night (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) are penalized by 10 dB.
Environmental factors that impact noise levels include: wind direction and speed; temperature and humidity; characteristics of the ground surface; the presence of turf, shrubbery, and trees.
This is particularly true where the view of the target roadway is interrupted by isolated buildings, bushes, scattered trees, or if the intervening ground is soft or covered with vegetation. Another important factor is the location of the source or the receiver. If either the source or the receiver is located more than three meters above the ground the level of the intruding noise will be affected.
In an area which is relatively flat and free of barriers or impediments, the sound resulting from a single source spreads in a spherical manner away from the source (similar to the way waves are formed after a rock is thrown into a pond). The sound level decreases by six decibels for each doubling of distance or 20 decibels for each factor of ten in distance. This applies to fixed noise sources and mobile noise sources which are temporarily stationary, such as an idling truck or other heavy equipment operating within a confined area (such as industrial processes).
Characteristics of Traffic Noise
Generally, it can be shown that a 26 percent increase in traffic volume will cause a 1.0 dBA increase in CNEL. Doubling the number of vehicles on a given route increases the adjacent noise levels by 3.0 dBA, but changing the vehicle speed has an even more dramatic effect. Increasing the vehicle speed from 35 to 45mph raises the adjacent noise levels approximately 3.2 dBA.
Reducing vehicle speeds from 35 to 30 mph decreases adjacent noise levels by 1.5 dBA on major roadways. A speed decrease from 40 mph to 35 mph also reduces adjacent noise levels by 1.6 dBA. Consequently, lowering motor vehicle speeds can have a significant positive impact in terms of reducing adjacent noise levels.
Existing Noise Environment
Bradbury is exclusively zoned and developed with single-family residential detached dwelling units. Outdoor noises generated from single-family residences are associated with yard and agricultura troy mainly no datin colog es in or ying and saliances rada. television as well as people and animals. Noise levels acceptable for commercial and industrial uses in other communities are not acceptable for this residential community. The large parcels have significant setbacks and they generally contain dense landscaping. The result is that noises emanating from adjacent uses of land are adequately buffered for the most part. The Irwindale Raceway located south of the City of Bradbury has been identified as a noise source that has on occasion caused distress to some residents. The City of Irwindale and the Raceway officials are aware of the noise impacts created by activities at the Raceway. Efforts have been made to reduce the offending noise. Dwelling units constructed within the past several decades are well Health and Safety Page No. 4
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 insulated and they use double and triple pane windows. These construction techniques substantially reduce the level of sound within the interior of a dwelling unit.
The highest noise levels within the community can be found adjacent to major arterial roadways located beyond the City's boundary. Local collector streets such as Lemon Avenue, Royal Oaks Drive North, and Mount Olive Drive are used by City and area residents during the morning and evening peak traffic periods. Huntington Drive, a major arterial street, and the I-210 and I-605 freeways are the significant sources of noise that have an impact on the community. Both freeways are located to the south and beyond the City's boundary. Since noise travels upwards, the impact may be greater on those properties located close to the major arterial roads and freeways and to dwellings located on the south-facing slopes.
Two types of noise sources have been considered: 1) stationary sources and 2) mobile sources Stationary noise is attributed to air conditioning units, pool equipment, audio or television usage power tools, lawn mowers, and other typical household equipment. Stationary noises are usually of short duration such as lawn mowers and power tools. Air conditioning and pool equipment noises can be reduced through design measures (placement and screening). The mobile noise source is vehicular traffic. The major sources of noise within the City are associated with transportation-related activities such as motor vehicles, aircraft, and railroads. All of these significant mobile noise generators are located beyond the Bradbury city limits. These sources include the Interstate I-210 and I-605 freeways.
The major traffic noise includes vehicles operating on major arterials that serve the City including Royal Oaks Drive (bordering the City) and Huntington Drive, Buena Vista Street, Highland Avenue, and Duarte Road. Interstate I-210 freeway generates significant noise levels since it is a constant and consistent noise especially during peak traffic periods. The railroads generate higher levels of noise but only for a short duration of time.
There are no industrial uses in close proximity to the residents of Bradbury. Noise measurements taken along Mount Olive Drive and Royal Oaks Drive (City of Duarte General Plan 2007) indicated that there was no noise level greater than 65 CNEL.
Controlled gate-guarded neighborhoods within the City restrict undesirable traffic and thus reduce or eliminate significant traffic-related noise. Traffic related noise is minimal within the community of Bradbury due to the lack of major arterial roadways. The Bradbury public street system is comprised of local and local collector streets only. Most dwellings located near the internal collector streets and the exterior arterial highways are buffered from intruding noise through the The average residential lot in the City of Bradbury is substantially larger than single-family esidential lots in adjacent communities. The larger parcels allow for landscape buffering and significant separation between dwelling units and setbacks from local streets. The highest ambient noise level in the community (64 dbA) is generated by traffic using Royal Oaks Drive (located in the City of Duarte). Noise in this area is attributed to traffic south of the old Pacific Electric Railroad right-of-way, which is also outside the Bradbury city limits.
To assess the existing noise environment, field measurements were taken at six locations in the City (refer to Exhibit H-S Noise No.2). Two readings were taken at each location, one 10-minute reading and one 1-minute reading. The results of the noise survey are summarized below in Table H-S Noise No.1. The highest noise levels are expected in the southern area of the City. This is Health and Safety Page No. 5
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 due to the higher density of development and the presence of through traffic in that area.
Development in these areas should be subject to detailed noise analysis when there is a potential to exceed acceptable noise levels.
Future Noise Environment
significant changes in the ambient noise levels of the community.
Residential development is a noise-sensitive use. Any development along major roadways in the City shall be subject to noise evaluation to determine the need for specific noise control measures, in order to achieve an acceptable noise environment. Land uses and activities which may generate excessive noise shall also be regulated to prevent any adverse effect on the City's future noise environment.
Table H-S Noise No. 1
Existing Noise Measurements
EXISTING NOISE MEASUREMENTS
Site Location Lmax L10 L33 L50 L9o
Lemon Ave. west of Winston Ave 55 50 50 50 54
Deodar Ln. near Sycamore Ln. 52 50 50 50 54
Sycamore Ln. near Oak Mtn. Rd. 55 52 50 50 45
Royal Oaks Dr. west of Winston Ave. 64 54 50 45 40
Mount Olive Dr. @ north City boundary 61 58 50 50 50
Mount Olive Dr. at Gardi St. 62 60 55 50 50
Lmax = The Maximum sound level recorded during the noise measurement period.
L10 = The sound level exceeded 10 percent of the noise measurement period.
L33 = The sound level exceeded 33 percent of the noise measurement period.
L50 = The sound level exceeded 50 percent of the noise measurement period.
L90 = The sound level exceeded 90 percent of the noise measurement period, (also considered as the Background Noise Level).
The main source of noise in the City is traffic on roadways. Traffic noise affects noise-sensitive land uses that may be located along and near these routes. Because of the primarily low density residential nature of the City and the presence of many private roads, future development in Health and Safety Page No. 6
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Table H-S Noise No. 2
Existing and Future Roadway Noise Levels (CNEL)
EXISTING AND FUTURE ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS (CEL)
Distance (in feet) from Roadway Centerline to CNEL (Db) Roadway Segment
65 CNEL 60 CNEL 55 CNEL CNEL C
50 feet
40 90
20 45 80 54 0
north of Woodlyn Ln. 40 48
Note: 1 Changes in CNEL compared noise levels from existing traffic to projected traffic 50 feet from the roadway centerline.
Noise Sensitive Land Uses
Land uses in Bradbury and the immediate area considered noise sensitive by the State of California include: schools, hospitals, rest homes, and long-term care and mental care facilities.
There are no hospitals, rest homes, or long-term medical or mental care facilities within the City of Bradbury. The Royal Oaks Elementary School is located in the southeastern corner of the City.
The Be Royal Oaks (formally Royal Oaks Manor) retirement/assisted living care facility is located on Royal Oaks Drive North, east of Braewood Drive. This facility is located adjacent to the City of Bradbury in an unincorporated portion of Los Angeles County.
Noise Mitigation Plan
Transportation noise is the prevalent noise issued faced by Bradbury residents. Traffic using arterial highways and freeways located beyond the City's jurisdiction poses the most significant noise generator that can impact the City's tranquil and peaceful environment. Peak a.m. and p.m. traffic periods generate the most noise. Local governments have little direct control of transportation noise at the source. State and Federal agencies have the responsibility to control vehicle noise emission levels. The most effective methods cities have to mitigate transportation noise on their communities are by use of effective site planning and the construction of noise Noise impacts can be mitigated in three basic ways: 1) reduce the sound level of the noise generator; 2) increase the distance between the source and the receiver; and 3) insulate the receiver. People must be protected from excessive noise from non-transportation sources. These impacts are most effectively controlled through the application of the City's Noise Ordinance and the City's development design guidelines.
Government Code 65400 requires the legislative body to consider and adopt reasonable and practical means for implementing the General Plan policies. The State felt that this was necessary so that the General Plan will serve as an effective guide for orderly growth and development, an he efficient expenditure of public funds relating to the subjects addressed in the General Plar The State also requires an annual report to the legislative body, State Department of Housing and Health and Safety Page No. 7
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Community Development (HCD), and State Office of Planning and Research on the status of the General Plan and the progress in implementing the General Plan.
Existing Noise Regulations. The primary objective of the City of Bradbury Noise Chapter is to maintain and preserve the existing noise free environment. As indicated previously, the effects of noise can be eliminated or reduced through regulatory noise controls and responsible land use lanning. Noise and land use guidelines have been developed by State and Federal agencies the State of California.
Noise Control Act. In 1972, the Noise Control Act authorized the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish descriptive data on the effects of noise and establish levels of sound "requisite to protect the public welfare with an adequate margin of safety." These levels are separated into health (hearing loss levels) and welfare (annoyance levels) with an adequate marain of safety. In March 1974, the EPA published information on Levels of Environmental NoIse Required to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety (EPA 550/9-
74.004). According to this publication, 55 dB Ldn is described as the required maximum noise level to provide an adequate margin of safety for areas with outdoor uses including residences and recreational areas. The EPA report does not establish standards, specifications, or regulations, but identifies safe levels of environmental noise exposure without consideration for the costs to achieve these levels.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The FHWA adopted and published noise abatement criteria for Federally-funded highway construction projects. The FHWA noise abatement criteria, basically, establishes an exterior noise goal of 67 dBA Leq for residential land uses and an interior goal of 52 dBA Leq for dwellings.
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has adopted environmental criteria and standards for determining project acceptability and necessary mitigation measures to ensure that projects assisted by HUD provide a suitable living environment. The standards include noise limits of 65 dB Ldn for residential areas.
California Streets and Highways Code. Division 1, Chapter 1, Article 6 of this Code requires State funded noise abatement programs for freeway construction or use which will result in noise levels exceeding 55 dBA L10 or 52 dBA Leq at existing classrooms, libraries, multi-purpose rooms, and pupil personnel services of public and private elementary and secondary schools. The noise abatement program may include acoustical treatment, elimination of windows, air conditioning, sound buffer structures and other mitigation measures.
Sound Transmission Control Standards in the California Administrative Code, Title 24, Building Standards, Chapter 2.5 outline noise insulation performance standards for new hotels/motels California Motor Vehicle Code. The State of California has adopted noise standards for areas not regulated by the federal government. State standards regulate noise levels of motor vehicles Health and Safety Page No. 8
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Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 and motor boats, establish noise impact boundaries around airports, regulate freeway noise affecting classrooms, sound transmission control, occupational noise control, and identify noise insulation standards. The California Motor Vehicle Code sets operational noise limits according to the type of vehicle and date of manufacture.
California Occupational Noise Control Standards. The California Code of Regulations, Title 8.
Industrial Relations, Chapter 4, as revised and effective September 28, 1984, outlines permissible noise exposure at a work place.
City Noise Ordinance. The City of Bradbury adopted a Noise Ordinance to establish acceptable noise levels generated on private property in residential neighborhoods. It is designed to control necessary, excessive and annoying sounds generated from stationary sources that may impac adjacent property. It differentiates between environmental and nuisance noise. Environmenta noise is measured under a time average period while nuisance noise cannot exceed the established Noise Ordinance levels at any time. Chapter 9.06.110 of the Bradbury Development Code establishes controls regarding unnecessary, excessive, and annoying noise. No person shall create or allow the creation of noise on any residential property which causes the noise level to exceed the actual measured median ambient noise level, or the following presumed ambient noise level, whichever is greater:
Time Allowable Noise Level - dBA
7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. 55
10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. 50
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CITY OF MONROVIA (ANGELES NATIONAL FOREST)
...- ....
--•-
City of Bradbury
NOISE ENVIRONMENT
CITY OF MONROVIA MAP
OF
DUARTE NOISE SENSITIVE LAND USES
CITY
THAT MAN SE CASINGES
GENERATOR OF NOISE
65 db NOISE CONTOUR
NOISE MEASUREMENT
LOCATIONS
CITY OF MONROVIA CITY DUARTE
Exhibit H-S Noise No. 2 NOISE CONTOUR MAP
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The City's Noise Control Ordinance provides a means to enforce the existing quiet, noise free environment. The City will continue to:
• Incorporate measures into future residential projects which attenuate exterior noise levels in outdoor activity areas to a maximum of 65 CNEL and interior noise levels to a maximum CNEL of 45 dB.
• Ensure through the design review process that schools are located and designed so that they comply with the acoustical criteria promulgated by the California Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS).
• Enforce State vehicle noise regulations (Section 23130, 23130.5, 27150, 27151 and 38275 of the California Vehicle Code) to curtail the use of vehicles equipped with illegal or faulty exhaust systems and "hot rods" exhibiting tire squeal or excessive exhaust noise. • Enforce the California Noise Insulation Standards (Title 24 California Building Code) for dwellings to ensure an acceptable maximum interior noise level of 45 CNEL in habitable rooms, and maintain adequate noise insulation.
• Acoustical privacy, consistent with the California Noise Insulation Standards and all existing and future requirements outlined in the State Housing Code, shall be strictly enforced for residential construction.
• No roosters or peacocks are permitted in the City.
Noise Goals:
Noise Goal No. 1. Reduce noise impacts from transportation sources.
Noise Goal No. 2. Develop measures to address non-transportation noise impacts such as those that are generated from surrounding commercial and recreational activities (racetracks, etc.).
Noise Goal No. 3. Establish land uses which are compatible with existing noise levels within the community
Noise Goal No. 4. Prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts of noise on City residents.
Noise Objectives:
Noise Objective 1. Maintain and reduce where feasible background noise levels emanating from citywide transportation sources.
Noise Objective 2. Identify and mitigate construction activity and other sources of noise that may impact the community.
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Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Noise Objective 3. Careful consideration of noise impacts should be a part of all land use decisions.
Noise Objective 4. Maintain the quiet residential character of the City free from excessive noise from mobile and fixed source generators both Citywide and region-wide.
Noise Policies:
Noise Policy 1. Ensure noise mitigation measures are included in the design of new developments.
Noise Policy 2. Encourage the State Department of Transportation (Caltrans) continue programs that lead to the reduction of noise leve n the Interstate I-210 and I-605 freeway
Noise Policy 3. Continue the City's street improvement program to help reduce noise levels.
Noise Policy 4. Encourage the use of acoustical materials in all new residential developments.
Noise Policy 5. Limit delivery, and truck traffic to designated routes.
Noise Policy 6.
nterior CNEL of 45 dB
Noise Policy 7. courage, support, and enforce all State and Feder gislation designed to abate and control noise pollutio
Noise Policy 8. Encourage the use of rubberized asphalt for resurfacing streets.
Noise Policy 9. ontinuously review the Noise Ordinance to ensure noise enerating uses are adequately addresse
Noise Policy 10. Strive to resolve existing and potential conflicts between noise- generating uses and human activities.
Noise Policy 11. Prohibit significant noise-generating activities on land located near sensitive noise receptors.
Noise Policy 12. Evaluate the noise impacts generated by existing and future projects located in surrounding communities that impact or may impact the Bradbury ambient noise level
Noise Policy 13. Enforce limits set by the State to control noise levels, particularly those governing motor vehicles.
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Noise Implementation Action Program
The City of Bradbury intends to complete the following items which address the objectives and policies of the Noise Chapter of the General Plan:
Noise Action 1. Review current policies regarding the use of gas-powered maintenance equipment and consider restricting the type of equipment used and duration of operation.
Noise Action 2. The City will continue to enforce the noise ordinance to protect residents from undue disturbance.
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Purpose
The Bradbury General Plan Health and Safety Element is comprised of two state-mandated focusas pathose die Ns of rank is the residens that should be considered in curent an atre development planning
The purpose of the Safety Chapter is to protect the community from any unreasonable risks associated with the effects of seismically induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, seiche, and dam failure; slope instability leading to mudslides and landslides; subsidence, liquefaction, and other seismic hazards identified pursuant to Chapter 7.8 (commencing with Section 2690) of Division 2 of the Public Resources Code, and other hazards known to the legislative body; including flooding; and wildland and urban fires.
The Safety Chapter of the Health and Safety Element includes mapping of known seismic and other geologic hazards. It also addresses evacuation routes, peakload water supply requirements, and minimum road widths and clearances around structures, as those items relate to identified fire and geologic hazards. Pursuant to Senate Bill (SB) 379, the Safety Chapter addresses climate adaptation and resilience strategies applicable to the City as well.
This Safety Chapter is the primary vehicle for relating local safety planning with the City's land use decisions. The City has established land use policies, standards, and designations based on among other things the criteria set forth in this Safety Chapter. Additionally, local decisions related to zoning, subdivisions, and entitlement permits, for example, will be tied to the Safety Chapter's identification of hazards and hazard abatement provisions. The City of Bradbury Safety Chapter examines those issues related to protecting the community from any unreasonable risks associated with earthquakes, slope instability, flooding, and fire. The Chapter also indicates design standards, such as peakload water supply requirements; minimum road widths; and clearances around structures. Finally, the Safety Chapter identifies emergency reception centers.
The Safety Chapter works in conjunction with the City's Hazard Mitigation Plan, which was developed in accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) and followed FEMA's Local Hazard Mitigation Plan guidance. The Hazard Mitigation Plan incorporates a https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public safety/hmp cwpp.php, Formatted: Font: (Default) +Headings (Arial), 11 pt Formatted: Font: (Default) +Headings (Arial), 10 pt
Safety Chapter Objective Deleted: https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public_s fety/index.phpt
Hazards affecting the City of Bradbury can be divided into two major categories: 1) naturally occurring hazards; and 2) human-caused hazards. Naturally occurring hazards include Health and Safety Page No. 14
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The objective of the Safety Chapter is to enable the City to be sensitive to those natural and human-caused hazards in future decision-making and to be able to respond in a timely manner in the event of an emergency. As a result, the following principal serves as the framework for the City of Bradbury Safety Chapter: Public safety is the focus of the emergency preparedness plan which emphasizes the risks associated with earthquakes, wildfire, flooding, and other human- caused and natural hazards. In response to this principal, the Safety Chapter provides the foundation for a detailed inventory of those risks that need to be considered. This Chapter also establishes standards related to public safety.
Relationship to Other General Plan Elements
California Planning Law requires that all elements of the General Plan be consistent. While all of the General Plan Elements are independent, they are also interrelated. Certain goals and policies of one element may also address items that are issues of other elements. This integration of issues throughout the General Plan creates a strong basis for the implementation of plans, programs and achievement of community goals. The Safety Chapter is most directly related to the Land Use and Circulation Elements and the Conservation and Open Space Chapters.
Related Agencies, Laws and Plans
The following state mandates impact planning and development:
Colbey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act. The Colbey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act encourages local governments to plan, adopt and enforce land use regulations for floodplain management, in order to protect people and property from flooding hazards. This Act also identifies requirements which jurisdictions must meet in order to receive state financial assistance Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act requires the state Geologist to identify earthquake fault zones along traces of both recently and potentially active major faults. Cities and counties that contain such zones must inform the public regarding zone location.
Seismic Hazards Mapping Act. Pursuant to the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act, the state Geologist compiles maps identifying seismic hazard zones. Development in seismic hazard areas is subjectto policies and criteria established by the State Mining and Geology Board. Additionally, approval of development on a site within a seismic hazard area mandates the preparation of a geotechnical report and local agency consideration of compliance with applicable state requirements.
Landslide Hazard Identification Program. The Landslide Hazard Identification Program requires the state Geologist to prepare maps of potential landslide zones within urbanizing areas. ire Hazards. Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189 direct the California Departme f Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) to map areas of significant fire hazards based on fue errain, weather, and other relevant factors. These zones, referred to as Fire Hazard Severit 'ones (HSZ), define strategies to reduce the hazard associated with wildland fires. As part o Health and Safety Page No. 15
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Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 this mapping effort, areas designated for management by CAL FIRE are identified as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). Areas managed by local fire departments are identified as Local Responsibility Areas (LRA). The entire City of Bradbury lies within a LRA and fire protection is provided by the County of Los Angeles Fire Department (LACoFD). Most of the City is located fire hazard in areas designated as VHFHSZ
Overview of Safety Chapter Issues
The City of Bradbury has attempted to identify and analyze natural and human-caused hazards and the associated risks that residents may be subjected to.
Fire Hazards The threat of wildfires in foothill areas in Southern California has been of concern for many years. Very high risk for wildfire is evident in areas having steep slopes that are covered with chaparral vegetation and where there is limited access for fire control equipment.
Low hazard areas are developed urban areas where fire access is readily available and the terrain is relatively flat. Industrial areas, hazardous material users, structures with substandard electrical wiring, overhead high voltage power lines, and high pressure gas lines are examples of urban fire The City of Bradbury developed a Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) with input and direction from City of Bradbury stakeholders and the community. The purpose of the CWPP is to serve as a fire protection planning document that presents the City's physical characteristics, wildfire hazard, assets at risk from wildfire, vegetation/fuel management projects and specifications, and goals and action items intended to reduce wildfire hazards in the City. The ultimate goal of the CWPP is to protect lives, property, and natural resources threated by wildland fire. The final version of the CWPP was adopted by the Bradbury City Council on March 15, 2022 and was annexed into the City's Hazard Mitigation Plan on August 16, 2022. To access the Community Wildfire Protection Plan, please visit the City's website at:
https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public_safety/Ihmp cwpp.php. Deleted: https://www.cityofbradbury.org/community/public_s fety/cwpp.php ...
in order to facilitate immediate firefighting response, the City should have the following standards Formatted: Font: (Default) +Body (Arial), 11 pt for areas that are located in high or very high FHSZs:
• There should be sufficient access routes and roads for emergency vehicles and for the evacuation of residents from all areas.
• Adequate access should be provided for all developed areas. All roadways to hazard areas should be of sufficient width to accommodate firefighting equipment. Streets should be marked and addresses should be posted in plain view. Adequate water supply should be available and sufficient for fire suppression activity.
All development within the VHFHSZ should comply with the standards set forth in LACoD's Fuel Modification Plan. The three primary components needed to reduce fire losses are:
1. Implementing building construction methods that reduce building fire hazards;
2. Providing adequate defensible space around structures to reduce fuel; and Health and Safety Page No. 16
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3. Identifying areas where there is a significant risk and a history of significant losses.
Good defensible space around structures allows adequate area for firefighters to fight a fire and avoid injury to personnel and equipment. Terrain, climate conditions, and vegetation interact to affect fire behavior.
Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 4291 requires that homeowners provide fuel modification to 100 feet around their buildings to create a defensible space for firefighters and to protect their homes from wildfires. Residents must reduce dry fuel around the perimeter of any structure and comply with the adopted codes that provide standards for mitigating fire hazards. Good defensible space around structures allows adequate area for firefighters to fight a fire and avoid injury to personnel and equipment. Terrain, climate conditions, and vegetation interact to affect fire behavior.
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LEGEND CITY OF BRADBURY
I Bradbury City Lmta City Hall
i Local spontan Sent Zone Royal Oaks STEAM Academy Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map Water Tank
Sources: CAL FIRE, Los Angeles County GIS:
G - Staton ten County Fre Dopartment Map date: November 10, 2022 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1 FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONES
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Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Bradbury's location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains creates a wildland-urban interface (WUI) that makes Bradbury more susceptible to wildfires than cities that do not border the foothills.
During community workshops many residents expressed their concern that safety and preparedness were the highest priority for the community.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) provides fire danger forecasting tools that utilize a combination of satellite-derived vegetation indices, various biogeophysical variables, and weather information to produce 7-day forecasts. The City may use these tools in coordination with LACoD to determine fire potential index, large fire probability, and fire spread probability.
Historic Wildfires in the City of Bradbury
Fortunately, there have been limited wildfire outbreaks within the City, and they are described below.
1953 Duarte Fire. This fire originated between Spinks Canyon and Maddock Canyon in wildland area. A total of 561 acres burned in this fire.
1958 Norum Fire. This fire burned in the foothills north of Monrovia, Duarte, Bradbury and Azusa.
A total of 6,440 acres burned in the Norum Fire.
1980 Stable Fire. On November 16, 1980 a fire storm that had been fanned by Santa Ana Wind conditions swept down from the foothills and destroyed 35 homes in the City of Duarte and 14 homes in the City of Bradbury. Reports indicated that the fire had moved from the City of Azusa, east of the San Gabriel River to the Duarte and Bradbury homes in 8 to 10 minutes, due to a strong shift in winds. Immediately after the fire, city and county personnel began taking measures to deal with the devastation. A Disaster Assistance Center was established at Duarte City Hall and federal and state agencies were contacted for help. The Los Angeles County Fire District set up a mobile command center and the City of Duarte set up an emergency shelter. In the weeks that followed the fire, the City established several programs to deal with possible floods and mudslides that could occur due to the bare slopes where all vegetation had been burned off. Mud diversion structures were constructed, sandbags were distributed, and parking was restricted on 2009 Station Fire. Since the Stable Fire other large wildland fires have occurred in the surrounding communities near Bradbury. The largest being the Station Fire of 2009. The Station Fire was the 10th largest wildfire in California history, burning 160,577 acres and killing two firefighters since it began in late August. The fire started in the Angeles National Forest near the U.S. Forest Service ranger station on the Angeles Crest Highway (State Highway 2). The blaze threatened 12,000 structures in the National Forest and the nearby communities of La Cañada Flintridge, Glendale, Acton, La Crescenta, Littlerock, Pasadena and Altadena, as well as the Sunland and Tujunga neighborhoods of the City of Los Angeles. The fire was predicted to burn for months and travel miles to the City of Azusa behind the City of Bradbury. The Station ire burned on the slopes of Mount Wilson, threatening numerous television, radio and cellula lephone antennas on the summit. as well as the Mount Wilson Observatorv, which include several historically significant telescopes and multi-million-dollar astronomical facilities operated by UCLA, USC, UC Berkeley and Georgia State University. In October 2009, the fire went out due to a fall rainstorm.
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Areas bordering the City are highly prone to wildfires and, therefore, the City is exposed to a threat from wildfires originating outside the city limits. Below are descriptions of two of the most recent notable fires outside the City. A list of additional fires within five miles of the City can be found in the CWPP.
2016 San Gabriel Complex Fire. The most recent wildfire outbreak closest to Bradbury was the San Gabriel Complex Fire which ignited the morning of June 20, 2016. The San Gabriel Complex ire consisted of two fires, the Reservoir Fire and the Fish Fire. Both fires originated northeast o he city limits. The cause of the Reservoir Fire was due to a vehicle crash while the cause of the Fish Fire is still under investigation. The fires were burning fuel that was 7-10 ears old with 6 to 8-foot tall chaparral and large grass crops. At the height of the fire, 1,376 homes were evacuated The American Red Cross established an Evacuation Center and 1,460 staff from multiple local, state, and federal agencies worked to protect property and suppress the fire. Road closures were in place and law enforcement patrolled for security while firefighters worked through the night to contain the fire. Although the San Gabriel Complex Fire threatened homes in the City, no property damage was reported.
2020 Bobcat Fire. The Bobcat Fire started on September 6, 2020. By December 18, it was fully contained and had burned 115,796 acres in the central San Gabriel Mountains, in and around the Angeles National Forest. It is one of the largest fires on record in Los Angeles County to date.
The fire triggered mandatory evacuation orders in parts of Arcadia and Camp Williams. The cause was due to a power line conductor torching overhead trees. The fire initially spread southward Deleted: is still under investigation but is thought to be which prompted evacuation orders for residents in Sierra Madre, Monrovia, Bradbury, and Duarte, along with evacuation warnings for those in Arcadia, Pasadena, and Altadena. The fire then grew westward and threatened the Mount Wilson Observatory by September 15, approaching within 500 feet of the observatory as firefighters worked to protect the structure. By September 17, the fire rapidly expanded to the north into Pleasant View Ridge Wilderness due to moderate coastal winds, leading to mandatory evacuations in Antelope Valley as the fire approached Juniper Hills.
Containment difficulties were exacerbated by very dry vegetation and rugged topography that made it difficult to access. An estimated 6,000 structures were threatened and there were six injuries. The fire destroyed 27 residences and damaged 28 others. It also destroyed 83 structures and damaged 19 others. Two hundred forty personnel were deployed. 2024 Eaton Fire. The Eaton Fire began on the evening of January 7, 2025, in the Eaton Canyon Formatted: Font: Bold, Italic in the San Gabriel Mountains, and was driven by powerful Santa Ana winds of up to 100 miles Formatted: Font: Bold per hour into the foothill communities, particularly Altadena. The fire burned area totaled 14,021 acres, killed at least 17 people, and destroyed more than 9,000 buildings, becoming the fifth deadliest and second most destructive wildfire in the history of the state of California. The cause of the fire is under investigation; however, news reports and lawsuits have focused on the possible involvement of powerlines operated by the electrical utility Southern California Edison. The fire ultimately caused evacuation orders and warnings on residents of Altadena, La Canada Flintridge, Sierra Madre, Pasadena, Arcadia, Monrovia, Bradbury, and Duarte.
Flood Hazards The potential for flooding is generally described in terms of a statistically projected frequency. For example, a 100-year flood has a 1.0 percent chance of occurring in a Health and Safety Page No. 20
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Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 ear flood. The river is fully operational and is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer ind the Los Angeles County Flood Control District. The construction of San Gabriel Rive improvements in 1947 reduced the local area's risk of flooding. Los Angeles County Drainage Area studies performed by the Army Corps of Engineers have shown no deficiencies along the San Gabriel River. The elevated nature of the City removes Bradbury from flood danger from the The San Gabriel River is the central backbone of the San Gabriel River Watershed. The watershed for the San Gabriel River is one of several coastal watersheds in Southern California hat drain hundreds of square miles of mountainous and urban lands to the Pacific Ocean. Th haracter of the river changes dramatically along its 58-mile journey from Cogswell Dam (nea the headwaters in San Gabriel Mountains) to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean. On its run to the sea the San Gabriel River passes through 19 different cities. A network of dams and flood contro measures controls the San Gabriel River. The natural water cycle and flow are significantly altered to protect adjacent communities from flood damage and to better use local water resources for urban and agricultural water supplies.
Serious flooding has not been a problem in Bradbury because the low density residential development has permitted the retention of natural ground cover which retards serious floods. In addition to the natural ground cover, the Bradbury Debris Basin and the Spinks Debris Basin and check dams, maintained by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District, also provide the City with protection from large scale floods. A series of concrete lined channels and underground storm drains exist within and around the perimeter of the City. These backbone storm drain facilities are maintained by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District. The City's large agriculturally zoned and developed parcels either retain surface run-off on-site or it is directed to the public facilities by a system of privately owned and maintained drainage swales. occurrences concerning water runoff occurred in the past during extremely wet years, however privately owned improvements have been made to rectify the local flooding issues. These minor flooding problems tend to be localized and primarily relate to very small mudslides and small erosion problems in areas where the natural topography had been altered Much of the soil in Bradbury Canyon is of an alluvium base material and it is susceptible to runoff problems if the natural ground cover has been removed and not replaced with landscaping or other mitigating measures. The City maintains a policy of investigating any localized runoff or mudslide problems through the assistance of the City Engineer and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works.
Since the City of Bradbury has not been studied by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to ascertain flood hazards, it is difficult to estimate if there is an area that might be at risk of Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements do not apply, but coverage is available.
Geologic Hazards The City of Bradbury is situated along the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, west of the San Gabriel River as reflected on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2. Geographically, the San Gabriel Mountain Range is made up of two roughly parallel ranges. The northern, inland range extends from Mt. Gleason eastward past the 9,000-ft. summit of Mt. Waterman and Baden- Powell and terminates near the only summit over 10,000-ft. (Mt. San Antonio or Old Mt. Baldy).
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Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 The range's major watershed is the San Gabriel River who's three main forks and countless tributaries drain approximately 20 percent of the precipitation in the mountains.
There are geologic conditions within and around the City of Bradbury that could cause problems if proper precautions are not taken. The northern mountainous areas of the City are generally too steep and bedrock is too unstable for typical construction. Erosion, landslides and ground shaking from earthquakes can be severe hazards within these areas. Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 identifies the portions of the City of Bradbury that are susceptible to landslide and liquefaction.
Landslides Geologic hazards in the City of Bradbury include the potential for landslides, erosion, and debris flow and liquefaction in areas with loose soils and high water tables. Landslide hazards may involve relatively intact, dense bedrock materials or highly fractured and broken, jumbled bedrock. Landslides often occur along pre-existing zones of weakness within the bedrock. Local folding of the bedrock adds to the potential for slope failure. However, many landslides do not seem to be controlled by the position of the bedding rock relative to the topography but by other factors such as rock type and its attendant characteristics (density of jointing and fracturing). Landslides have been known to occur in the northern steep sections of the City. Other areas of the City may experience landslides should conditions change that adversely affect slope stability.
Erosion Erosion is the natural process by which earth materials are loosened, worn away, decomposed, or dissolved, and transported to another site. Precipitation, runoff, running water, and wind are common agents of erosion. The potential for erosion is generally low in exposed natural slopes but it greatly increases when slopes have been denuded of all ground cover and vegetation. Barren slopes are more susceptible to erosion and subject to riling or raveling.
The potential for debris flow depends primarily on the presence of Colluvium deposits upstream and the increase in soil moisture due to heavy rainfall. A debris flow is a fast moving, liquefied landslide of unconsolidated, saturated debris that looks like flowing concrete. It is differentiated from a mudflow in terms of the viscosity and textural properties of the flow. Flows can carry material ranging in size from small stones to large boulders. Often debris flows contain large amounts of woody debris such as logs and tree stumps.
bodies of sediment that have been deposited or built up at the bottom of a low-grade slope or against a barrier. The deposits that collect at the foot of a steep slope or cliff are also known by the same name. The Bradbury and Spinks Canyon Debris Basins control debris flows.
Seismic Hazards The U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) is responsible for providing scientific information regarding natural hazards and disasters within the United States in order to protect and save lives. Geologic events and seismic activity in particular, are the primary natural hazards of the community. Earthquakes are caused by violent and abrupt releases of strain built up along faults. When a fault ruptures, energy is released in all directions from the source, or epicenter, in the form of seismic waves. Earthquakes generate two types of hazards. Primary hazards are ground shaking and surface rupture along faults. Secondary hazards result from the interaction of ground shaking with existing ground instabilities and include: liquefaction, settlement, and The City of Bradbury is located in a seismically active region and in an area of potential fault rupture, strong ground shaking, and slope instability. These geologic and seismic hazards can affect the integrity of structures and utilities, and in turn can cause severe property damage and Health and Safety Page No. 22
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Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 potential loss of life. In California, faults are common, ranging from small breaks of an inch or less, to the significant breaks experienced along the San Andreas Fault which extends for hundreds of miles. In addition to size, the age of a fault has a direct bearing on the likelihood of generating an earthquake. Many large faults have not moved for millions of years and are considered "dead" or inactive.
The two principal seismic considerations for most cities in Southern California are damage to Bradbury. Surface ruptures occur during an earthquake when movement along an active fault breaks the ground surface.
The City of Bradbury contains two earthquake faults (Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3). The Sierra Madre Fault extends through the major portion of the Bradbury along the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. The Duarte Fault extends across the southern portion of Bradbury and bisects an unincorporated County island. The Duarte fault is actually a "segment" of the Sierra Madre Fault.
Movement along these frontal faults has resulted in the uplift of the San Gabriel Mountains.
Seismic activity is expected to be a maximum of 7.2 magnitude.
The Sierra Madre-Cucamonga Fault Zone includes several fault segments extending for over 86 miles along the southern margin of the San Gabriel Mountains. The two main portions of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga Fault Zone include the Sierra Madre fault to the west and the Cucamonga fault to the east. The fault zone is inclined to the north, dipping below the San Gabriel Mountains and uplifting them above the Los Angeles Basin. The fault zone was responsible for the 1971 6.6 magnitude San Fernando earthquake on its westernmost segment near the City of Sylmar. The Sierra Madre fault passes through the northern portions of Pasadena, Arcadia, Monrovia, Bradbury, Duarte, Azusa, and portions of San Dimas. The locations of the regional faults are shown in H-S Exhibit Safety No. 2.
The Sierra Madre fault zone is divided into five main segments, labeled with the letters A through E, to more easily characterize this fairly complex system. It was not the fault responsible for the 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake.
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A
A Mt. Wilson
B
D
210
E
Los Angeles
Eity Hall
Source: California Institute of Technology, SCEC, 02/07/2012 Exhibit H-S Safety No. 2
REGIONAL FAULT SEGMENTS
The most recent surface ruptures are seen on the B and D segments. The least active segment, is the A segment, also known as the Vasquez Creek fault, which runs between the San Gabriel fault and the intersection of the B and C segments of the Sierra Madre fault zone. At the junction of the C and D segments, the Clamshell - Sawpit Canyon fault splays off from the fault zone, toward the northeast (shown in sea green on the map above). It was this fault, not the Sierra Madre fault zone itself, that ruptured to produce the Sierra Madre earthquake of 1991.
One of the strands that make up segment D is known as the Duarte fault, because of its location this eastern continuation is known as the Cucamonga fault zone. The Cucamonga fault zone Faults are continuously being found by geologists/seismologists within the region. These scientists have identified almost 100 faults in the Los Angeles area that are suspected of being iscovered faults are faults classified as "blind thrusts surface but do connect many of the known surficial faults at depth and under virtually the entire Health and Safety Page No. 24
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Los Angeles, San Fernando, and San Gabriel Basins. When a fault ruptures, energy spreads in he form of seismic waves. Seismic waves travel through the earth's crust and eventually reach the ground interface creating surface waves which cause the ground to vibrate up and down and side to side. The City of Bradbury may experience some or all of the hazards associated with seismic waves including ground rupture, ground shaking, landslides, flooding, and liquefaction. around Rupture represents the primary hazard associated with earthquakes since it is the nitial result of seismic events. Surface rupture poses a difficult seismic problem from ar engineering standpoint because it is far more expensive and complicated to design a foundation and structure to withstand the displacement of even fractions of a foot than to build without consideration of ground rupture. Such ground fractures can cause parallel displacement in the foundation, causing buildings to crack and split. Development should be avoided in areas of high fault potential.
Ground Shaking The most significant earthquake action in terms of structural damage and loss of life is ground shaking. Ground shaking is the movement of the earth's surface in response to a seismic event. The intensity of the ground shaking and the resultant damages are determined by the magnitude of the earthquake, distance from the epicenter and characteristics of surface geology. This hazard is the primary cause of the collapse of buildings and other structures Increased hazards from earthquakes occur when the seismic activity occurs in a highly urbanized area. The significance of an earthquake's ground shaking action is directly related to the density and type of buildings and the number of people exposed to its effect.
Liquefaction is a phenomenon involving the loss of shear strength of soil. Liquefaction involves a sudden loss in strength of saturated, cohesion soil (mostly sand) which is caused by shock or strain, such as generated by an earthquake and results in temporary transformation of the soil to fluid mass. If the liquefying layer is near the surface the effects are much like that of quicksand on any structure located on it. If the layer is in the subsurface, it may provide a sliding surface for the material above it.
Liquefaction typically occurs in areas where the groundwater surface is less than 30 feet below the ground surface and where the soils are composed of soft fine sand. There are several liquefaction zones located in the northern and eastern portions of the City of Bradbury. During and after a severe rain event, liquefaction could occur should a moderate severe earthquake take Although, Bradbury has not experienced measurable ground failure due to an earthquake in recent years, the potential for damage due to ground failure is still present. Past seismic events Health and Safety Page No. 25
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 - Deleted: November 2023 Seiches, or periodic oscillations ("sloshing") of bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, and bays, usually occur in moderate to great earthquakes. Seiches may raise and lower a water surface from a few inches to several feet, and may occur several thousand miles away from the earthquake epicenter.
Health and Safety Page No. 26
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 City of Bradbury
SEISMIC HAZARD
CITY OF MONROVIA ZONES MAP
of
CITY DUARTE
- LIQUEFACTION ZONES
- EARTHQUAKE INDUCED
• BRADBURY CITY HALL
BRADBURY, CA 91010
626) 358-3218
CITY OF MONROVIA CITY OF DUARTE
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 3 BRADBURY SEISMIC HAZARD ZONE MAP Health and Safety Page No. 27
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 - Deleted: November 2023 Safety and Emergency Preparedness Plan
The two existing emergency response plans, the County of Los Angeles All-Hazards Mitigation Plan and the Los Angeles County Operational Area Emergency Response Plan (OAERP), provide the tools to coordinate the disaster recovery operations of County fire control and law enforcement agencies with local agencies and governments. The City currently has a number of ordinances, programs and requirements in existence pertaining to seismic and fire hazards. Primary among hese are the subdivision and building permit approval requirements for seismic strengthening and adeduate access. The State Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) has established three evels of emergency response to peacetime emergencies, which are based on the severity of th ituation and the availability of local resources in responding to that emergency. The three level of emergency response include:
• Level 1: A minor-to-moderate incident wherein local resources are adequate in dealing with the current emergency.
• Level 2: A moderate-to-severe emergency where local resources are not adequate in dealing with the emergency and mutual aid assistance would be required on a regional or statewide basis.
• Level 3: A major disaster where local resources are overwhelmed by the magnitude of the disaster and state and federal assistance are required.
Each potential hazard to the public safety has been assessed according to the following levels of • Low Risk: The level of risk below which no specific action is deemed necessary.
The occurrence of a specific event is unlikely.
• Medium Risk: The level of risk above which specific action is required to protect life and property, though the probability of the event taking place is low to moderate.
• High Risk: Risk levels are significant and occurrence of a particular emergency situation is highly probable or inevitable.
The scope or risk refers to the geographic area that could be potentially affected with the occurrence of one of the hazards. The scope of risk includes three levels:
• Local: The affected geographic area that is directly affected is localized or site specific.
• Citywide: The affected area includes a significant portion or all of the City • Regional: The affected area includes the entire City as well as the surrounding region safety. Any incremental intensification of existing residential uses may, to some degree, increase Health and Safety Page No. 28
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Police Services. Police protection is provided by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LACSD). The City maintains a contract with the Sheriff's Department law enforcement services Although the City contracts for a minimum level of service, in times of emergency the Sheriff dedicates all available personnel and equipment to address the community's needs. responsible for providing police services to the
Dispatch and booking facilities are located there.
Fire Services. Fire protection / emergency medical services are provided to the City by the Los Angeles County Consolidated Fire Protection District (CFPD). The closest fire station, Station 44, is located at 1105 Highland Avenue in the City of Duarte. The station is staffed with at least seven firefighters 24 hours a day. The equipment includes two fire trucks, one patrol vehicle and one water tender. Backup paramedic assistance is provided by Station 29 which is located in the City of Baldwin Park and Station 32 which is located in the City of Azusa. The City of Monrovia Fire Department offers additional mutual aid when necessary and requested by the County. Los Angeles County Fire also provides hazardous material services. The U.S. Forest Service in San Dimas provides wildfire service in the Angeles National Forest.
Medical Services. Emergency medical services are available throughout Los Angeles County.
Acute care facilities near Bradbury include Methodist Hospital in Arcadia, Huntington Hospital in Pasadena, City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Kaiser-Permanente Foundation Hospital in Baldwin Park and Foothill Presbyterian Hospital in Glendora.
Peakload Water Supply
Peakload water supply is defined as the supply of water available to meet both domestic water and firefighting needs during the particular season and time of day when domestic water demand on a water system is at its peak. California American Water provides potable water to the City of Bradbury. Potable water is provided from ten (10) wells located in and around Bradbury.
Storage of potable water in the Duarte service area (which includes the City of Bradbury) is provided by eight (8) reservoirs of which four (4) are located within Bradbury. The total storage capacity is 11.5 million gallons, which is the equivalent of about 175% of an average day's demand. All of the reservoirs are covered to reduce evaporation.
Health and Safety Page No. 29
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Hazard Mitigation Plan
The City of Bradbury adopted the updated Hazard Mitigation Plan on February 18, 2025 by City Deleted: 21 Council Resolution No. 25-04. The updated plan fulfills the City's obligation pursuant to the Deleted: 019 Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. The plan adoption and update process involved the Deleted: 19-03 participation of all City departments and interested City residents. Deleted: Furthermore, the Community Wildfire Protectior Plan was annexed into the Hazard Mitigation Plan on Augus The Hazard Mitigation Plan includes the following mitigation goals: 16,2022 Protect Life and Property
• Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses, infrastructure, critical facilities, and other property more resistant to losses from natural hazards.
• Improve hazard assessment information to make recommendations for avoiding new development in high hazard areas and encouraging preventative measures for existing development in areas vulnerable to natural hazards.
Enhance Public Awareness
• Develop and implement education and outreach programs to increase public awareness of the risks associated with natural hazards.
• Provide information on tools, partnership opportunities, and funding resources to assist in implementing mitigation activities.
Preserve Natural Systems
• Support management and land use planning practices with hazard mitigation to protect • Preserve, rehabilitate, and enhance natural systems to serve natural hazard mitigation functions.
Encourage Partnerships and Implementation
• Strengthen communication and coordinate participation with public agencies, citizens, non-profit organizations, business, and industry to support implementation. • Encourage leadership within the City and public organizations to prioritize and implement local and regional hazard mitigation activities.
Strengthen Emergency Services
• Establish policy to ensure mitigation projects for critical facilities, services, and infrastructure.
• Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination among public agencies, non-profit organizations, business, and industry. • Coordinate and integrate natural hazard mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operations plans and procedures.
Hazard mitigation is the responsibility of the City; however, the following agencies provide support and assistance with preparedness, response, recovery, and administration of funding efforts. • Governor's Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) - responsible for disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and the administration of federal funds after a major disaster declaration.
Health and Safety Page No. 30
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) - gathers information on earthquakes and releases information to the public to increase earthquake awareness, reduce economic losses, and save lives.
Deleted: CDF or
Deleted: CDF or
California Division of Mines and Geology (DMG) - responsible for geologic hazar haracterization, public education, and reduction of risk of tsunami inundatior • California Division of Water Resources (DWR) - plans, designs, constructs, operates, an naintains the State Water Project, regulates dams, provides flood protection, and assist in emergency management.
Hazardous Waste and Materials Management Program The LACoFD Health Hazardous Materials Division
Management Regulatory Program for the City of Bradbury. The Unified Program consolidates, coordinates, and makes consistent the following hazardous materials and hazardous waste programs (Program Elements):
• Hazardous Waste Generation (including on-site treatment under Tiered Permitting).
Storage Tanks (only the Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan of "SPCC").
• Underground Storage Tanks (UST).
• Hazardous Material Release Response Plans and Inventories. • California Accidental Release Prevention Program (Cal ARP) and Uniform Fire Code Hazardous Material Management Plans and Inventories.
Emergency Preparedness
Bradbury's location in Southern California and in the San Gabriel Valley makes it susceptible to a number of natural disasters and other emergencies. As such, the City Council appointed a Public Safety Committee - a five-member advisory body to the Bradbury City Council to help prepare the community. Committee members serve as a communication link between the community, City Council and staff regarding issues pertaining to emergency preparedness. Committee members are hands-on volunteers who assist in the emergency operations and with the emergency related programs and services offered to the community.
The specific and primary purpose of the Public Safety Committee is to:
A. Assess and define emergency needs;
B. Locate and publicize available resources;
C. Conduct exercises, manage responses and oversee simulated, actual or impending emergencies when called upon to do so by the Mayor, Mayor Pro-Tem or City Manager.
Committee members serve for a term of four years, beginning July 1s' and ending June 30"h, and are eligible upon request to serve one additional consecutive term for a total of eight years.
Health and Safety Page No. 31
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Most committee members are CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) trained. These volunteers are educated about disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact the area and in basic disaster response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations. CERT members can assist others in their neighborhood or workplace following an event when professional responders are not immediately available to help Additionally, the City of Bradbury has implemented the Connect-CTY service to provide the City the ability to communicate with residents regarding time-sensitive matters, such as unforeseen events or emergencies.
With the Connect-CTY system, the City can quickly contact residents by telephone, cell phone, text message or e-mail regarding urgent and important information. For example, in the event of an emergency, the City can quickly let residents know what to do or where to go for services.
Only authorized City officials are allowed to send messages. Other non-emergency messages can be sent by e-mail regarding upcoming meetings, events or workshops.
Disaster Area Management. During World War II, the National Civic Defense Program was activated. The Los Angeles County and the local military authorities quickly recognized that the size and complexity of the county would require a unique management structure to effectively coordinate war-related activities amongst the county, cities, private sector and agencies. Civil Defense Areas were formed and each area was supervised by an Area Coordinator. After the war, Civil Defense transformed into Disaster Management with an emphasis on planning, training, exercising and public education for earthquakes, fires, floods, severe weather events and epidemics. The City of Bradbury resides in the "Area D" area of responsibility. Other cities in "Area D" include Arcadia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, City of Industry, Claremont, Covina, Diamond Bar, Duarte, El Monte, Glendora, Irwindale, La Puente, La Verne, Monrovia, Pomona, Rosemead, West Covina, Temple City, Walnut, South El Monte, Sierra Madre, and San Dimas. There are eight Disaster Management Areas; each has a coordinator, to work with cities and partner agencies to assist their emergency management activities and to act as a liaison between local government and county, state and federal agencies.
City Staff meets with cities within this area of responsibility once a month to discuss topics such as federal reporting and reimbursement after a disaster, incident command, working with minorities, the disabled and the underserved community, public relations and emergency evacuation. The City also participates in a monthly county-wide radio checks with "Area D" Alert LA County. Alert LA County is an emergency mass notification system established by Los Angeles County to contact County residents and businesses via recorded phone messages, text messages or e-mail messages in case of emergencies. The system will be used by the County's Emergency Operations Center to notify residents and businesses of emergencies or critical situations and provide information regarding necessary actions, such as evacuations. The system uses the telephone companies' 911 database and is able to contact land-line telephone numbers, whether listed or unlisted. If the call is picked up by an answering machine, the system will leave a recorded message. If the number called is busy or does not answer, the system will redial the number in an attempt to deliver the message. The system is also TTY/TDD compatible.
Alert LA County uses 911 databases; therefore, only land-line numbers are automatically included in the system. To be notified at a cellular phone or receive an e-mail notification, a person must register the cellular phone number and/or e-mail address. Each cellular number and/or e-mail Health and Safety Page No. 32
ity of Bradbur General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
lealth and Safety Element - Final Draf Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 address can only be associated with one street address in the system. The registered telephone number and e-mail address will be contacted only when the street address it is associated with is impacted by a disaster or emergency.
Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP). The purpose of Specific Needs isaster Voluntary Registry (SNAP) is to facilitate the planning and implementation of disaste esponse by first-responder agencies to Specific Needs persons living in the County of Lo Angeles. The registry is a project of the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management in cooperation with other cities and agencies in the Los Angeles County disaster response operational area.
If a person living in Los Angeles County has any of the following conditions which might impede their abilities to evacuate a building, travel to or stay safely in an emergency evacuation center, or to securely shelter in place without assistance, they should enroll in the program:
• Physical disabilities
• Cardiac and/or respiratory circumstances
• Developmental disabilities
• Emotional or psychiatric disabilities
• Deafness or hearing loss
• Blindness or severe vision loss
• Speech impairments
• Short-term disabilities
• Reliance on technologies that use electricity
• Using medications
• Participation in a home delivery program
• Need specialized paratransit vehicles
• Experience seizures
• Immune system deficiencies
• Communicable diseases
Should a disaster strike in the area, this registry will be used to enhance the efficiency of those agencies called upon to respond, including the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LACOSD) and LACoFD.
Health and Safety Page No. 33
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Evacuation Routes and Reception Centers
Emergency preparedness includes the designation of evacuation routes and emergency facilities.
The following facilities are delineated in Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 and the following rules apply Primary Evacuation Routes. The roads are to be kept open at all times. In the event of temporary closure due to maintenance and/or construction, LACoFD is to be notified Reception Centers. The Bradbury Civic Center (600 Winston Avenue, Bradbury, CA 91008) an he City of Duarte Community Center (1600 Huntington Drive, Duarte, CA 91010) will serve a Reception Centers for disseminating information, collection points, distribution centers, etc.
Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The Bradbury Civic Center will serve as the local EOC, the alternate site is City of Duarte Community Center until which time the County of Los Angeles designates another local facility.
Critical Facilities. Certain public facilities require special consideration because of the number of persons located in the facility at any one-time. Only one critical facility is located within the City (Royal Oaks Elementary School). Royal Oaks (a senior assisted living facility) is located adjacent to the City in the County unincorporated area.
Residential Developments. The City prepared an analysis consistent with SB 99 to identify residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. The analysis identified one area of concern in the southeast corner of the City with limited emergency access points that warrants further study. The City will continue to coordinate with LACoD and LACSD to ensure adequate exit strategies are available for all residential developments. For all new developments, roadways are to be a minimum 20 feet wide and will include emergency turnarounds with minimum dimensions established in coordination with LACoFD. A White Paper describing the methodology used to map the evacuation routes is included as Appendix H-S B to the Safety Chapter.
The evacuation routes in the City and those facilities that will serve as collection/information centers are located on Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4. The Emergency Evacuation Plan does not apply to normal day-to-day emergencies and the well-established and routine procedures used in coping with such emergencies. In the event of a serious hazard which would require the evacuation of Bradbury residents, the following streets would be used as primary evacuation : Mount Olive Drive.
Woodlyn Lane (gates will be opened to permit exiting at Royal Oaks Drive, North). The access gate located near Mount Olive Drive will be used by "First Responders" to gain access to the Woodlyn Lane neighborhood.
• Deodar Lane (gates at Wild Rose, Barranca, and Woodlyn Lane) will be opened to permit exiting from the Bradbury Estates neighborhood.
• Winston Avenue and the Lemon Avenue access to the Flood Control Channel will be used as access points for "First Responders."
Evacuation will be handled by Los Angeles County safety personnel under contract to the City (i.e. Fire, Sheriff, etc.). In a major disaster, mutual aid sources in adjacent jurisdictions are likely to be fully committed to their own needs, and there may be substantial delays in the request and Health and Safety Page No. 34
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 transport of assistance from more distant locations. Ingress to and egress from the City is likely to be inhibited by damage caused by the disaster and related congestion. Effective disaster preparedness will require the concerted efforts of City personnel, contracted first responders and residents. Not only must effective plans and procedures be in effect, but those plans should be tested and improved through disaster preparedness exercises.
Health and Safety Page No. 35
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023
CITY OF MONROVIA (ANGELES NATIONAL FOREST)
City of Bradbury
EMERGENCY ACCESS
10 OVIA AND EVACUATION PLAN
ASI
10l FIRST RESPONDERS
DUARTE INGRESS ROUTES
PRIMARY EVACUATION ROUTES
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS/
INFORMATION CENTER
ALTERNATE EMERGENCY OPERATIONS/
NFORMATION CENTER
Duarte Community Center
1600 Huntington Dr., Duarte, CA. 91010
RECEPTION CENTER
FIRE ROAD
LOCKED GATES
CITY OF MONROVIA
Exhibit H-S Safety No. 4 EMERGENCY ACCESS AND EVACUATION PLAN Health and Safety Page No. 36
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Climate Change and Resiliency Planning
As a result of climate change, Bradbury, like other cities in California, may experience more frequent and intense heat waves, drought, wildfires, flooding, and more severe storms and extreme weather events.
strategies applicable to Bradbury. A Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) has been prepared to identify risks that climate change poses to the City and is attached as Appendix H-S A. Relevant goals, policies, objectives, and actions informed by the CVA have been added to the Health and Safety Element, and a high-level overview of the findings is provided below. • Wildland fires represent the threat most likely to affect Bradbury as a result of climate change.
While most likely to ignite within the CAL FIRE designated FHSZs, the effects of wildfire can adversely impact larger areas, cascading out towards the entirety of Bradbury and the surrounding cities, with smoke, ash, and poor air quality. • The most vulnerable populations are those living in or adjacent to VHFHSZs within the City.
Other vulnerable populations include seniors and people with pre-existing health conditions such as asthma.
• The most vulnerable natural areas are the sensitive hillside areas (and wildlife within these environments) located in the northern portion of the City, which are within the VHFHSZ. This largely undeveloped area contains the most open space and natural landscape in the City and consists of high amounts of often dry foliage that is highly susceptible to fires. As prolonged dry spells are predicted to lengthen, plants, animals, and habitats that receive less and less water are more likely to burn from wildfire, leave the area, or die out from lack of resources.
The most vulnerable infrastructure is power and energy infrastructure, as well as homes within and bordering the VHFHSZs. Extreme weather and heat conditions can increase the risk of fires, which can lead to the destruction of energy infrastructure such as power lines that are in more remote (and more fire prone) areas. Since energy grids are interconnected and provide energy throughout the region, large parts of the Southern California population are expected to be impacted by distant fires or power outages. • Regional drought is also a key hazard to Bradbury as the City is served entirely by groundwater sources from the main San Gabriel Basin. Drought may also result in increased tree mortality, which contributes to higher fuel loading and wildfire size expected with climate change, droughts are anticipated to increase both in frequency and intensity.
Health and Safety Page No. 37
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Safety Goals, Objectives and Policies
Safety Goals:
Safety Goal 1. To protect the citizens, their property and public facilities from natural and human-caused hazards.
Safety Goal 2.
Safety Goal 3. To achieve a greater sense of citizen satisfaction with the safety services within the community, through constantly monitorin he effective and efficient staffing of safety service personne Safety Goal 4. To minimize the risk to persons and property due to seismic activity.
Safety Goal 5. To minimize the risk to lives and property due to fire hazards.
Safety Goal 6. To minimize the risk to persons and property due to the use and storage of hazardous materials.
Safety Goal 7. Protect the community from floods and landslides.
Safety Goal 8. issure that existing and new development addresses fir protection in a proactive and preventative wal
Safety Goal 9. Prevent or minimize personal injury, loss of life, and property damage due to climate hazards and climate-induced secondary Safety Objectives:
Safety Objective 1. Prepare the community for expected or unexpected disasters resulting from natural or human causes.
Safety Objective 2.
Safety Objective 3. Communicate with Bradbury residents through all available nedia, that safety personnel are properly trained to provid assistance in the event of a disaste
Safety Objective 4. Implement the City's Hazard Mitigation Plan in a timely manner.
Safety Objective 5. Reduce the possibility of hazardous materials becoming lealth and safety issue within the community
Health and Safety Page No. 38
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Safety Objective 6. ssure that potential flooding and landslide hazards al eviewed during new developmer
Safety Objective 7. masure that ade cate service levels of fire protection are Safety Objective 8. romote a well-prepared City that can effectively overcom atural disasters and scarcity of resources due to climat change.
Safety Objective 9. Demonstrate leadership in local climate planning efforts through a range of tangible policies and actions at the municipal operations level.
Safety Policies:
Safety Policy 1. Coordinate with LACoFD to proactively develop ongoing emergency services training to stay current with best practices Safety Policy 2. mplement precautionary measures in high-risk areas to reduc njury and loss of property caused by natural or human-cause hazards.
Safety Policy 3. stabished hazard avoidat cerea roposals tor compliance Safety Policy 4. Provide adequate levels of service to ensure that the residents are protected to the best of the City's ability from natural and human-caused disasters.
Safety Policy 5. Cooperate with federal, state and county agencies responsible for the enforcement of all health and safety laws and
Safety Policy 6. Establish and maintain a variety of media sources to enable interactive safety awareness and preparedness educational opportunities for the residents.
Safety Policy 7. Obtain materials and support the dissemination of writter information to all Bradbury households regarding minimizing ol avoiding hazards within the home.
Safety Policy 8. Provide opportunities to continually advise and update ommunity residents regarding actions and activities they Health and Safety Page No. 39
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 should engage in after a significant natural or human-caused disaster.
Safety Policy 9. Support continuing review and updating of the City's Disaster Preparedness Program manual.
Safety Policy 10.
wild animals
Safety Policy 11. Maintain and evaluate the level of safety services available t e community
Safety Policy 12. Regulate development in accordance with state statutes in areas prone to seismic hazards.
Safety Policy 13. Continue to support mutual aid / mutual assistance agreements petween local, state, and federal firefighting agencies, includin he California Master Mutual Aid Agreemen
Safety Policy 14. Require that all new development within Bradbury comply with ocal, state, and federal regulatory standards such as the Cesarily sundardand Fire Codes as well as other applicable Safety Policy 15. Provide sufficient fire protection services, firefighting equipment, and firefighting personnel to adequately respond to fire hazards.
Safety Policy 16. Coordinate with the City's water purveyor to ensure necessary water supply systems and fire flow for structural fire suppressio re provided and maintained
Safety Policy 17. Require adequate Fire Protection Plans and emergency vehicle access for new development in VHFHSZs.
Safety Policy 18. Coordinate with LACoFD to identify and incorporate Safety Policy 19. Consider fire safe design (i.e. fire-resistant building and site design, materials, and landscaping) for development within Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones as part of the
development review process.
Safety Policy 20. ocate, when feasible, new essential public facilities an frastructure outside of VHFHSZs, including but not limited t hospitals and health care facilities, emergency shelters Health and Safety Page No. 40
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 emergency command centers, emergency communication
facilities, and utilities or identify construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if these facilities must be located Safety Policy 21. Work with LACoD to identify and maintain fire hazard reduction projects, including community fire breaks and vegetation clearance around private and public roads.
Safety Policy 22. As part of the LACoFD review process, require ongoing brush management, fuel management/modification, defensible space, fire retardant landscaping, and other project design features for new development located in areas of or adjacent to the
Safety Policy 23. oordinate with LACoFD to define minimum standards fo /acuation of residential areas in VHFHSZs. If area
inadequate access/evacuation routes are identified, develop appropriate mitigation measures, improvement plans, and educational programs to ensure safe evacuations.
Safety Policy 24. Provide access to potable water for emergency purposes.
Safety Policy 25. Regulate and monitor, to the extent possible, the delivery, us and storage of hazardous materials within the City
Safety Policy 26. Require all existing and development to install and naintain adequate smoke detection systems
Safety Policy 27. Require all new development to install fire sprinkler systems.
Safety Policy 28.
Safety Policy 29. Collaborate with local, regional, state and/or federal jurisdictions and agencies on climate resiliency and adaptation strategies.
Safety Policy 30. Reduce communitywide greenhouse gas emissions locally by actively supporting regional efforts to reduce greenhouse gase hroughout the county
Safety Policy 31. Monitor climate change-related effects with local, regional state, and/or federal partners to provide information or effectiveness of existing infrastructure and programs.
Safety Implementation Action Program
The City of Bradbury intends to complete the following items which address the objectives and policies of the Safety Chapter of the General Plan:
Health and Safety Page No. 41
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 - Deleted: November 2023 Safety Action 1. Ensure that the Land Use Element recognizes and addresses seismic threats.
Safety Action 2. Promote public education about fire safety at home.
Safety Action 3. Promote public education about disaster preparedness, with an emphasis on protecting vulnerable and at-risk populations such as seniors and those with limited mobility.
Safety Action 4. Update the hillside development standards to include fire prevention design measures and specific LACoD standards which will be required for new development.
Safety Action 5. Continue to make emergency and disaster preparedness a community priority.
Safety Action 6. Implement the City's Emergency Operations Plan to ensure the most effective allocation of resources for protection of people and property in time of an emergency, and update and review the Plan annually.
Safety Action 7. City staff to continue to work with LACoFD on brush removal and weed abatement from April to June.
Safety Action 8. Conduct public outreach on wildfire prevention awareness.
Safety Action 9. Patement. voluntare for are not effective conde o trimming and brush and weed enforce city-mandated tree trimming requirements and
coordinate with Code Enforcement on brush and weed
abatement when residents fail to mitigate their own fire hazards.
Safety Action 10. Maintain and update the Hazard Mitigation Plan for the City.
Safety Action 11. Continue support and participation with the Public Safety Committee.
Safety Action 12. Work with LACoFD to maintain and regularly update the City's Fire Hazard Severity Zones Map (Exhibit H-S Safety No. 1) for changes in fire hazard severity zones consistent with change:
n hazard designations by CAL FIRE
Safety Action 13. Nork with LACoFD to maintain an ongoing fire inspectio brogram to reduce fire hazards associated with multifamil development, critical facilities, public assembly facilities, industrial buildings, and nonresidential buildings.
Health and Safety Page No. 42
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012 - 2030 Update
Health and Safety Element - Final Draft Revised March 2025 Deleted: November 2023 Safety Action 14. For all new developments, roadways are to be a minimum 20 feet wide and shall include emergency turnarounds with
minimum dimensions established in coordination with LACoFD Safety Action 15. Require all new development in the City's VHFHSZs to meet th most recent version of the California Fire Code and Californi Building Code. A Fire Protection Plan that describes projeo specific fuel modification shall be required
Safety Action 16. Modify, as feasible, existing non-conforming development t contemporary fire safety standards, including road standard:
and vegetation standards.
Safety Action 17. Work with CAL FIRE, United States Forest Service, United States Geologic Service, and applicable nongovernmental agencies to create a plan to address post-fire recovery activities and projects that allow burned areas to fully recover and minimize repetitive losses and further damage.
Safety Action 18. Assess site constraints when considering land use designations near wildlands to avoid or minimize wildfire hazards as part of a land use update or amendment.
Safety Action 19. Locate, design and construct development to provide adequate defensibility and minimize the risk of structural loss from Safety Action 20. Design development on or at the base of hillsides and canyons to reduce the increased risk of fires from topography features (i.e. steep slopes, ridge saddles).
Safety Action 21. equire all streets, both public and private, to be marked an sible and all street addresses to be posted in plain viev Safety Action 22. Implement necessary actions and programs to improve drought impact preparation.
Safety Action 23. Promote plans and programs that support sustainable energy sources.
Safety Action 24. Promote the use of sustainable and carbon-neutral energy sources in new development.
Safety Action 25. Explore using renewable energy and clean generation Cryowned and operated faciles where toastle cells to power Health and Safety Page No. 43
ATTACHMENT #2
City of Bradbury
1ACIT
BRADBURY
Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Appendix H-S A
Prepared by De Novo Planning Group
September 2023
City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Table of Contents
A. Introduction .1
What is a Climate Vulnerability Assessment?.. 1
Assessing Vulnerabilities. ..2
B. Climate Impacts and Vulnerability Assessment ....3
Methodology. ...3
Impacts. ...4
C. Key Findings.. .18
D. References ..19
Appendix A: Regulatory Setting ...21
State ..21
Local ...28
List of Figures
Figure 1: Extreme Heat Days in Bradbury. 5
Figure 2: Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Bradbury ... ...14 List of Tables
Table 1: Average Number of Days Exceeding 98th Percentile Summertime (Apr-Oct) High-Heat Threshold ..6
Table 2: Maximum One-Day Precipitation 9
Table 3: Maximum Length of Dry Spell. ..11
Table 4: Annual Average Area Burned ..13
City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
A. Introduction
Communities in California are increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment, conducted in 2018, identifies the Los Angeles Region as especially vulnerable to human-induced impacts to the climate since approximately half the population of the state calls the region home. Climate change refers to changes in conditions that result from increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, which are linked to an increase in average global temperature. The increase in global temperature and GH result in a series of changes to the global climate, including shifts in: seasonal temperature patterns; altered precipitation timing, volume, and location; sea-level rise; ocean acidification due to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption; and altered severe wind and storm event frequency, severity, and location. These outcomes interact, and the potential consequences may result not only in global climate shifts, but also changes to a variety of characteristics that define biophysical systems and human progress.
What is a Climate Vulnerability Assessment?
The purpose of a Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) is to inform City policies, plans, programs, and guidance to promote effective and integrated action to safeguard from climate change. In addition to increasing global average temperatures, climate change has the effect of intensifying the effects of many natural hazards, adding to concerns otherwise addressed in hazard mitigation planning. Climate change results in an increase in variance of climate patterns. The increase in variance means that extreme events may exhibit changes in frequency, severity, and location. The increased variance therefore creates challenges for hazard planning, which previously used historic recurrence rates to predict future events, and now must incorporate changes to frequency, severity, and location due to climate change influences.
Addressing Climate Change
Climate change can be viewed from two scales: global and local. Addressing climate change relies on two high-level approaches at both scales: mitigation and adaptation. Climate change mitigation involves the reduction of GHG emissions, whereas climate adaptation aims to reduce harm from the effects of a changing climate. At the global scale, mitigation appears as less dependency on fossil fuels and a shift towards renewable energy; at the local scale, mitigation appears as multi-modal and active transportation networks, for one example. At the global scale, climate adaptation can be seen as expanded emergency response teams and climate refugee aid. At the local scale, adaptation can be the preparation taken for inevitable climate-induced emergencies and the spin-off social impacts that could emerge from them.
Both approaches at both scales are necessary; however, this document focuses on identifying vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies on the local level within the City of Bradbury.
Regulatory Framework
There are currently numerous laws and regulations set in place in the State of California that are aimed at reducing the impacts of climate change hazards. For decades, California has continued to adopt, update, and amend Senate and Assembly Bills; create monitoring and mitigation programs; and fund state, regional, and local agencies to promote environmental preservation. A list of relevant bills and documents 1 California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment, 2018. Accessed October 19, 2022. Available at https://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/.
1 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
adopted by the State, region, and City are included in Appendix A. While these documents create general goals and guidelines for the State to achieve and follow, each municipality is unique and therefore can best thrive and meet environmental regulations in its own unique way. The regulatory documents included in Appendix A provide a framework for the direction Bradbury should be headed, but it is up to the City to implement programs and designs to reduce the effects of climate change.
Assessing Vulnerabilities
The vulnerability that a community experiences as a result of climate change is a product of its biophysical setting in combination with the characteristics of the community, ranging from its built pattern to social, political, and economic characteristics. Put simply, the level of climate vulnerability can be calculated using the following formula:
Exposure + Sensitivity - Adaptive Capacity = Vulnerability Where:
• Exposure refers to the nature and degree to which a system or sub-population is exposed to significant climatic variations.
• Sensitivity refers to the degree to which a system or sub-population is affected by climate- related stimuli.
• Adaptive Capacity refers to the adaptability of a system or sub-population to adjust to climate change, to moderate potential damages, or to cope with the consequences.
Example:
It is 100 degrees Fahrenheit (exposure) on a playground at a Bradbury elementary school. Inside a classroom, Cindy is a student with a pre-existing condition (sensitivity) that leaves her at risk of hyperthermia; however, the classroom is air conditioned (adaptive capacity), so Cindy is able to continue learning with the rest of the students.
As shown by the example above, many factors are at play when determining the level of climate vulnerability. The California Adaptation Planning Guide identifies five steps in assessing the vulnerability of a community to climate change:
1. Exposure: What climate change effects will a community experience?
2. Sensitivity: What aspects of a community (people, structures, and functions) will be affected?
3. Potential impacts: How will climate change affect the points of sensitivity?
4. Adaptative capacity: What is currently being done to address the impacts?
5. Risk and onset: How likely are the impacts and how quickly do they occur? Not only do impacts vary, but vulnerability varies across specific areas and groups. For example, future climate changes, especially increases in extreme heat, are expected to disproportionately burden low- income residents and communities of color across the region. The City of Bradbury is home to an array of people and not all residents are expected to be equally impacted. This CVA describes vulnerabilities in terms of social vulnerabilities and physical vulnerabilities. Social vulnerabilities examine how populations, 2 City of Bradbury Climate Vulnerability Assessment
communities, and social systems are affected by climate change. Physical vulnerabilities examine how infrastructure, critical facilities, and land are affected by climate change.
B. Climate Impacts and Vulnerability Assessment
An assessment of a community's vulnerability to climate change begins with an understanding of local exposure to climate impacts. In addition, a primary objective of this document is to identify geographic areas, populations, and infrastructure in Bradbury with heightened risk to projected climate impacts. This section first describes the methodology used to obtain climate impact projections, then highlights each major impact projected in Bradbury and focuses on the following questions:
• What is the hazard?
• What is the local exposure?
• Where and when does this impact occur?
• To what extent will the City be exposed to this impact? • Who (or what) is the most vulnerable?
• How does this impact affect or tie into other impacts or hazards? • How is the City currently addressing this impact?
Methodology
While the science is highly certain that California (and the world) will continue to warm and experience greater impacts from climate change in the future, specific outcomes are inherently uncertain. Future outcomes vary depending on the level of global GHG emissions. Accordingly, most climate models include a range of possible scenarios based on the level of global GHG emissions.
This document pulls data, and data analysis, from California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment published in 2018. The data discussed in the Assessment, derived from 32 coarse-resolution (~100 km) global climate models (GCMs), were bias corrected and downscaled using the Localized Constructed Analogues (LOCA) statistical method. The data cover 1950-2005 for the historical period and 2006-2100 for two future climate projections using medium and high GHG and aerosol emissions scenarios.
For City-specific predictions, this document uses climate modeling from Cal-Adapt - a tool that came about as a key recommendation of the 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy and created with oversight from the California Energy Commission and California Strategic Growth Council. Cal-Adapt makes two predictions for the period of 2006 to 2100 using medium and high GHG and aerosol emissions scenarios. These scenarios are known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). Each RCP represents a standardized set of assumptions of humanity's trajectory in the coming years. The Medium Emissions Scenario (RCP 4.5) represents a mitigation scenario where global CO2 emissions peak by 2040 and then decline. Statewide, temperature is projected to increase 3-7°F (or 2-4°C) for this scenario by the end of this century. The High Emissions Scenario (RCP 8.5) represents a scenario where CO2 emissions continue to rise throughout the 21st Century. Statewide, temperature is projected to increase approximately 7-12°F (or 4-7°C) by the end of this century. Precipitation shows fewer wet days, wetter winters, drier springs and autumns, and an increase in dry years as well as maximum precipitation in a single day. Cal-Adapt also specifies that its data is derived from the 32 LOCA downscaled climate projections generated to support California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment, observed historical data 3 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
is derived from Gridded Observed Meteorological Data, and the data presented are aggregated over all LOCA grid cells that intersect Bradbury's boundaries.
In addition to the range of potential outcomes, climate change can produce a variety of impacts depending on location. California is expected to experience warmer temperatures, increased drought, and more extreme weather events (IPCC, 2007). This is why climate change projections include both drought and increased precipitation leading to flooding. The range of impacts anticipated in Bradbury are summarized below.
The key hazards addressed in this Climate Vulnerability Assessment are those that pose a particular threat to the City. Various City documents were consulted to identify the key hazards. The Los Angeles County Climate Vulnerability Assessment and the Los Angeles Countywide Sustainability Plan (Our County) were consulted as well. The Los Angeles County CVA provides direction and information that this Bradbury CVA uses as a jumping off point. For consistency, and to better understand regional impacts, much of the regional discussion included here is inspired by the Los Angeles County CVA.
Impacts
Extreme Heat and Weather
What is it?
Climate change alters seasonal temperature patterns. Effects can include changes in average temperature, the timing of seasons, and the degree of cooling that occurs in the evening. In addition to new seasonal temperature patterns, extreme events such as heat waves are projected to occur more frequently and/or last for longer periods of time. In California, temperature increases are expected to be more pronounced in the summer and in inland areas, and many areas are losing even more of the already moderate winter conditions. Phenomena such as heat waves are projected to increase not only in frequency but in spatial extent (CNRA, 2009). The degree of change experienced partially depends on global GHG emissions and atmospheric concentrations. By 2050, however, temperature increases between 1.8°F to 5.4°F are projected under both emissions scenarios examined by the State (CNRA, 2009).
Extreme heat is projected to increase in frequency, severity, and duration, with the largest increases occurring in the Santa Clarita and San Fernando Valleys in the Greater Los Angeles County area. In addition to hot days, extended periods of extreme temperature, known as heat waves, can multiply the impacts of extreme heat. LA County has begun to experience more frequent, more severe, and longer heat waves.
Countywide heat waves are projected to increase in frequency and duration by mid-century. By mid- century, projections suggest that most of the County will likely shift to moderate or high exposure to extreme heat, with the majority of LA County in high exposure by mid-century (LACCSO, 2021).
Local Exposure/Environment
Extreme heat and human safety, human health, and human productivity are inextricably linked (LACCSO, 2021). Temperatures in Bradbury are generally representative of those found throughout Southern California. In terms of extreme weather, extreme heat is looked at over other extreme weather and storm patterns due to the impact heat has within the City comparatively. Bradbury is not in a location subject to dangerous storms (hurricanes, tornados, blizzards, etc.), tsunamis, or intense winters. The average annual high temperature calculated from January 1917 to June 2016 for the San Gabriel Canyon area is 78.2° 4 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Fahrenheit (°F), with higher temperatures in summer and early fall (June through October) reaching up to an average of 91.7°F. The average annual low temperature is 52.8°F and can reach an average low temperature of 47.2°F (Dudek, 2022). Fiqure 1 shows the number of days in a year when the daily maximum temperature is above a threshold temperature of 100.3°F. This threshold temperature is the 98th percentile value of historical daily maximum/minimum temperatures (from 1961-1990, between April and October) observed in Bradbury.
Figure 1: Extreme Heat Days in Bradbury
OBSERVED MEDIUM EMISSIONS (RCP 4.5) HIGH EMISSIONS (RCP 8.5) MODELED HISTORICAL 140 Extreme Heat Days (days)
120
100
80 60
40 20
1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-change- snapshot/
As shown in Figure 1, climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme heat events per year in Bradbury. Table 1 supports Figure 1 and demonstrates this by showing the average number of days exceeding the 98th percentile summertime (April to October) high-heat threshold in the City. The Baseline (1961 to 1990) modeled historical data shows an average of four days that exceeded the 98th percentile high-heat threshold. By mid-century (2035 to 2064), the number of days exceeding 98th percentile high- heat threshold is expected to quintuple from the Baseline average (from 4 to 21 days) under the Medium Emissions scenario (RCP 4.5) and increase by three weeks (from 4 to 26 days) under the High Emissions scenario (RCP 8.5). By the end of the century (2070 to 2099), the average number of days is expected to increase by 23 days (from 4 to 27) and 47 days (from 4 to 51) past Baseline for Medium and High Emissions scenarios, respectively.
5 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Table 1: Average Number of Days Exceeding 98th Percentile Summertime (Apr-Oct) High-Heat Threshold Time Period Change from
Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range
Baseline
Baseline (1961-1990) Modeled Historical 4 days* 3-5 days - Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 21 days 13-48 days +17 days
Mid-Century
(2035-2064) High Emissions
26 days 17-53 days +22 days
(RCP 8.5)
Medium Emissions 27 days
(RCP 4.5) 19-66 days +23 days
End of Century
(2070-2099) High Emissions
(RCP 8.5) 51 days 36-102 days +47 days
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-change- snapshot/
* Observed 30-year average from 1961 to 1990: 4 days
Who is Most Vulnerable?
Everybody can be affected by extreme weather and heat, but certain groups are more sensitive and thus more vulnerable. Social vulnerabilities include people with pre-existing health conditions; children and older adults; people who depend on walking, biking, or transit to get around; and people who work outdoors. Children are at a higher risk for being adversely affected by extreme weather because they spend much of their time outdoors playing or exercising thereby increasing their body temperature already; increased activity in more extreme weather more easily leads to dehydration and skin burning.
Older adults are considered highly vulnerable to extreme heat and weather because a human body's regulatory and immune systems tend to deteriorate with age and are not as prepared to be resilient against drastic changes. The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) reports that Bradbury residents under the age of 20 comprise approximately 17 percent of the population as of 2018; and seniors (65 and above) make up approximately 22 percent of the City population (SCAG, 2019).
Furthermore, extreme heat can cause uncomfortable and even dangerous conditions for outdoor physical activity, making it harder for people to get the recommended amount of exercise and potentially leading to increased risk of long-term health effects related to a sedentary lifestyle. The health risks associated with exposure to extreme heat are intensified when compounded with other demographic factors.
Hispanic and Latino people are overrepresented in other vulnerable populations, like outdoor workers and undocumented individuals. Approximately 12 percent of the Bradbury population is Hispanic or Latino (SCAG, 2019). Respite from heat is critical to outdoor workers to mitigate the potential health impacts of extreme heat. For this reason, both place of residence and place of occupation are important in understanding the overall risk (LACCSO, 2021).
Air pollution is linked to asthma and cardiovascular disease, both of which increase vulnerability to extreme heat. In return, extreme heat can contribute to and exacerbate the formation of ground-level ozone, which triggers asthma attacks (LACCSO, 2021). According to the California Health Interview Survey 6 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
(CHIS), organized by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, over 17 percent of the adult Bradbury population (18+) has been diagnosed with asthma at some point; this is similar to the rate found throughout the state which is approximately 16 percent.
Physical vulnerabilities include energy, water, and transportation infrastructure. As temperatures rise, an increased demand for cooling can cause strain on the energy grid and lead to blackouts. The effects of heat on the physical energy grid such as power lines can also cause strain and lead to fires. Parks and open space are also affected because extreme heat can harm vegetation and wildlife, causing the northern vast open spaces within the City to be highly vulnerable. Heat can cause transportation delays or malfunctions, or damage transportation infrastructure such as roads.
Flooding
What is it?
Increased flooding occurs when rain falls over a shorter period, even if there is less overall rain. Vegetated and pervious surfaces such as grass and soil do not have enough time to absorb the rainfall, overwhelming stormwater infrastructure capacity. In combination, changes in temperature and precipitation may exacerbate impacts. Heavy stormwater runoff can contaminate the surrounding bodies of water with environmentally and biologically harmful bacteria (Cal EMA, 2012). Intense rainstorms could require evacuation and temporary or permanent displacement of people and result in property damage or loss.
Flood-prone zones typically include areas within river floodplains or adjacent to drainage systems, low- lying areas where heavy rainfall can collect, and areas with inadequate storm drain infrastructure. Inland flooding can be exacerbated by high amounts of impermeable surfaces (LACCSO, 2021).
Data on exposure to extreme precipitation is limited to annual rainfall averages and does not capture the extreme precipitation events that can cause the most damage. Exposure to inland flooding is based on mapping of floodplains created by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (LACCSO, 2021).
Local Exposure/Environment
Flooding has not been a serious hazard to Bradbury in several decades, and the risk of disastrous flooding in the City is considered minimal. Bradbury does not lie within a 100- or 500-year floodplain, as delineated by FEMA. However, according to the City's Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (2025), the potential for a localized flood event still exists within Bradbury. The elevated nature of the City removes Bradbury from flood danger from the San Gabriel River Channel (EPC, 2025). The built areas of the City are in "Flood Zone X" and "Flood Zone D". Zone X is defined as the area outside the 500-year flood and protected by levee from the 100-year flood. Zone D is defined as areas in which flood hazards are undetermined (i.e. no analysis of flood hazards has been conducted), but possible.
The average annual precipitation for the area is 22.28 inches, with the most rainfall concentrated in December (3.49 inches), January (4.40 inches), February (5.06 inches), March (3.50 inches), and April (1.69 inches). Rainfall is much less during June (0.19 inches), July (0.04 inches), and August (0.11 inches) (Dudek, 2022). Actual rainfall in the Southern California region tends to fall in large amounts during sporadic and often heavy storms rather than consistently over storms at somewhat regular intervals. In short, rainfall in Southern California might be characterized as feast or famine within any single year (EPC, 2019). 7 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Much of Bradbury has steep topography and a minimal risk of flooding. However, there are a few low- lying areas in the City where stormwater can gravitate towards and build up. The steep slopes found throughout the City allow stormwater to gain momentum and pick up, and move, debris. Landslides and mudslides are a second type of risk in wildland-urban interface areas at the foothills of mountain ranges where there may be steep slopes. The congruence of post-wildfire debris and extreme precipitation in these sloped areas can have devastating impacts on developments in the down-slope areas (LACCSO, 2021).
The Los Angeles County Flood Control District maintains the City's public storm drain system. Channels and storm drain pipes comprise the flood control network. According to the General Plan Health and Safety Element, large agriculturally zoned and developed parcels either retain surface runoff on site or it is directed to public facilities by a system of privately owned and maintained drainage swales. Otherwise, the existing storm drain system collects runoff from streets and small parcels of land.
Localized flooding may occur in low spots or where infrastructure is unable to accommodate peak flows during a storm event. In most cases, water dissipates quickly after heavy rain ceases. The Bradbury Debris Basin and the Spinks Debris Basin and check dams also provide the City with protection from large scale floods. The City works with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Los Angeles County Flood Control District to ensure maximum functionality of all flood control facilities (EPC, 2019).
The City of Bradbury is also a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Communities participating in the NFIP must adopt and enforce minimum floodplain management standards, including identification of flood hazards and flooding risks. This program helps incentivize people to develop less on historic floodplains.
While California does not see the average annual precipitation changing significantly in the next 50-75 years, precipitation will likely be delivered in more intense storms and within a shorter wet season (Cal- Adapt, 2022). Table 2 shows the predicted increase in maximum one-day rainfall in Bradbury over the next century. The Baseline average is approximately 2.6 inches in one day. During the middle of the century (2035-2064), the average rainfall within a day is expected to increase approximately 0.2 inches under both the Medium and High Emissions scenarios. By the end of century (2070-2099), rain is predicted to fall an additional 0.3 inches under the Medium Emissions scenario and an additional 0.5 inches in one day under the High Emissions scenario. While these may not seem like exceptional increases on their own, the data must be observed on a larger scale and compounded with other climate change phenomena to predict the impact on the City and on the region.
8 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Table 2: Maximum One-Day Precipitation
Change from
Time Period Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range
Baseline
Baseline (1961-1990) Modeled Historical 2.26-3.01 -
2.66 inches
inches
Medium Emissions 2.34-3.31
(RCP 4.5) 2.83 inches +0.17 inches
Mid-Century inches
(2035-2064) High Emissions 2.38-3.48
(RCP 8.5) 2.89 inches inches +0.23 inches
Medium Emissions 2.48-3.43
(RCP 4.5) 2.93 inches +0.26 inches
End of Century inches
(2070-2099) High Emissions 2.41-4.15
3.11 inches +0.48 inches
(RCP 8.5) inches
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.orq/tools/local-climate-change- snapshot/
* Observed 30-year average from 1961 to 1990: 2.795 inches Agencies such as the Los Angeles County Public Works Stormwater Engineering Division have created plans that prepare the County, and subsequently the City, for potential flooding hazards (LA County Public Works EPD, 2022). The Los Angeles County Comprehensive Floodplain Management Plan aims to evaluate the impacts of urban stormwater discharge on receiving waters and communities. The Floodplain Management Plan is an important component of the County's participation in the National Flood Insurance Program and the Community Rating System (CRS), which are administered by FEMA (Tetra Tech, 2021).
The Municipal National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit is issued to the County of Los Angeles and 84 cities (minus Avalon, Lancaster, Long Beach, and Palmdale) by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region. The Los Angeles County Public Works Stormwater Engineering Division is the agency assigned as the Principal Permittee. The Division's goal is to improve the overall quality of life for residents of Los Angeles County (LA Public Works EPD, 2022).
Who is Most Vulnerable?
Flooding impacts generally are not linked to specific populations, such as seniors, children, or individuals with disabilities. However, older housing inventories are sometimes located in low-lying, more flood- prone areas, causing the units to be more susceptible to extreme conditions such as flooding. Beyond impacts to buildings, shelters, and occupants, inland flooding and extreme precipitation have the potential to impact transit and road infrastructure, causing service delays or shutdowns and road closures.
One indicator of an area's potential for flooding is its ratio of permeable surfaces to impermeable surfaces.
Maintaining as much permeable surface as possible by using permeable materials for new development can help ensure that stormwater will be absorbed into the ground and will filter through the soil to replenish groundwater (LACCSO, 2021).
9 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Drought
What is it?
California's highly variable climate is susceptible to prolonged dry spells. A warming climate will compound drought impacts, as evidenced during recent precipitation deficits in the 2000s Southwest drought (Colorado River Basin), and during the 2012-2015 drought in California and neighboring states (Pierce, et al, 2018). Furthermore, recent research suggests that extended drought occurrence ("mega- drought") could become more pervasive in future decades (Pierce, et al, 2018). Drought is a climate hazard for which census tract-level mapping is not possible. The increase in frequency of transition between wet and dry extremes - or precipitation whiplash - makes the drought-flood cycle more dramatic in the Southern California region (LACCSO, 2021).
In addition to direct impacts on water supply, drought creates dry conditions that can lead to secondary impacts, including but not limited to: increased wildfire risk, reduced evapotranspiration (and thus less ability to mitigate periods of extreme temperatures), damage to habitats and vegetation, and higher volumes of dust. This phenomenon can quickly remove moisture from the soil, leading to compacted soil.
In the case of a severe rain event, compacted soil will not allow for infiltration. Collectively, these conditions will contribute to decreased air quality and increased public health issues across LA County (LACCSO, 2021).
Drought vulnerability can be exacerbated by single-source dependency, increased groundwater contamination risk, water from small service providers, and location in areas with a projected increase in extreme heat days. Decreases in precipitation, from drought, and evaporation, caused by higher temperatures, may increase the concentration of pollutants and salinity in streams, reservoirs, and groundwater. More frequent and intense periods of drought could reduce the availability of imported water and drive an increasing use of groundwater. If not managed sustainably, groundwater overdrafts can permanently diminish aquifer capacity (LACCSO, 2021).
Local Exposure/Environment
Potable water is provided to the City by California American Water Company. According to California American Water, the City is served entirely by groundwater sources from the main San Gabriel Basin (EPC, 2019). The California American Water Company also supplies water to service fire hydrants via underground pipes (General Plan, 2014). In order to replace aging infrastructure and improve water delivery service, California American Water upgraded 13,300 feet of water distribution mains in the cities of Bradbury, Duarte, and the Baldwin Hills area in unincorporated Los Angeles County in 2013 (EPC, 2019).
There is no history of severe drought (e.g., restaurants with restricted hours, emergency water distribution to residents, etc.) within the City of Bradbury. However, the City is designated on the U.S.
Drought Monitor as experiencing an "exceptional drought". This designation comes from a combination of a significant decrease in rain combined with water supply restrictions resulting from the statewide California drought. These conditions were increasingly evident from 2012 to early in 2017 (EPC, 2019).
Table 3 shows the differences in maximum dry spell lengths in Bradbury from Baseline measurements to predicted future variations. The Baseline scenario states that the 30-year average length of a dry spell was approximately 110 days. Dry spells are predicted to increase to six to eight days over Baseline conditions by the middle of the century (2035-2064), and seven to 15 days by the end of the century (2070-2099). 10 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Table 3: Maximum Length of Dry Spell
Change from
Time Period Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range
Baseline
Baseline (1961-1990) Modeled Historical 108 days 95-120 days - Medium Emissions 116 days 88-145 days
(RCP 4.5) +8 days
Mid-Century
2035-2064) High Emissions
114 days 81-143 days +6 days
(RCP 8.5)
Medium Emissions
(RCP 4.5) 115 days 93-133 days +7 days
End of Century
(2070-2099) High Emissions
123 days 77-162 days +15 days
(RCP 8.5)
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.orq/tools/local-climate-change- snapshot/
* Observed 30-year average from 1961 to 1990: 110 days
Who is Most Vulnerable?
Extreme drought (and heat) decreases soil moisture and increases plant mortality. Plant die-offs cause a domino effect by reducing available shade and evaporative cooling, thereby raising surrounding temperatures and reducing the thermal comfort of pedestrians. The generally undeveloped ranch lands found throughout the City would be subject to impacts from drought conditions, and therefore contribute to the domino effect of reducing cooling and moisture retention.
People with pre-existing respiratory conditions are extremely vulnerable. In the absence of rainfall during prolonged periods of drought, the region could experience increased concentrations of resuspended road particulates (dust), which have adverse respiratory impacts (Hall, et al. 2018).
Another impact of drought on people in LA County is the increasing prevalence of Valley fever. Valley fever is a disease caused by inhaling fungus spores carried in soil dust. Arid and semiarid landscapes, dust storms, and warmer temperatures all contribute to conditions that lead to increases in Valley fever. The number of reported cases of Valley fever in California has steadily and significantly increased over the past 20 years. Populations at greater risk of severe disease from Valley fever include people who are Black or Filipino, older adults, pregnant women, infants, and people with diabetes or conditions that weaken the immune system. People who live or work in areas where soil is disturbed, such as near farming operations, are at higher risk of exposure (LACCSO, 2021).
Potential drought hazards can be curbed through proactive water management. Noting that all water used within the City is sourced from groundwater, water consumption, whether it be for personal, recreational, or agricultural use, must be used at a sustainable rate. To help protect this resource, Bradbury can enact varying water restrictions. Some water restrictions in place in other cities and counties in California include personal and individual restrictions and limitations or increased cost. Other restrictions are designed to limit commercial and industrial water use and water waste. 11 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Wildland Fire
What is it?
As California is expected to experience increased temperatures and reduced precipitation, there will likely be more frequent and intense wildfires and longer fire seasons. Fires spread more quickly on dry, windy days and move more easily in an uphill direction and in areas with higher-density vegetation. Wildfires are a natural and important part of the ecosystem but can become more intense and dangerous as a result of climate change and land management. Wildfires are unplanned, naturally occurring fires and may be caused by lightning, accidental human ignitions, arson, or escaped prescribed fires. Weather is one of the most significant factors in determining the severity of fires; natural fire patterns are driven by conditions such as drought, temperature, precipitation, wind, vegetation, and fuel (i.e. biomass) availability. Wildfires pose a great threat to life and property, particularly when they move from forest or rangeland into developed areas.
Climate change is projected to increase the frequency of wildfire events, the extent of burned areas across California, and the duration of wildfire seasons. Wildfire seasons are projected to begin earlier in the spring due to drier and warmer spring conditions on average, potentially requiring longer periods for firefighting services. Greater inter-annual variability in temperature and precipitation may also affect wildfire intensity. For example, multiple wet years can result in larger fuel buildup in landscapes. This may result in increasingly intense and frequent wildfires, if followed by drought years. Wildfire risk will also vary depending on population growth and land use characteristics, including rates of residential expansion and infrastructure into fire prone areas over the next century.
Local Exposure/Environment
Bradbury's location at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains creates a wildland-urban interface that makes Bradbury more susceptible to wildfires than cities that do not border the foothills. In fact, due to its weather, topography, and native vegetation, the majority of Los Angeles County is at risk from wildland fires (EPC, 2019). The San Gabriel Mountains, largely covered by the Angeles National Forest, have the highest degree of wildfire risk. On average, the San Gabriel Mountains are projected to experience an increase in wildfire burn area of approximately 40 percent and 50 percent in 2050 and 2080, respectively, under the RCP 8.5 scenario. By mid-century, wildfire events in LA County and across the state are projected to be considerably larger, more frequent, and more destructive (LACCSO, 2021).
The extended droughts characteristic of California's Mediterranean climate result in large areas of dry vegetation that provide fuel for wildland fires. Furthermore, the native vegetation of the region typically has a high oil content that makes it highly flammable. The area is also intermittently impacted by Santa Ana winds - the hot, dry winds that blow across southern California in the spring and late fall (EPC, 2019).
The State has charged CAL FIRE with the identification of Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) within State Responsibility Areas. In addition, CAL FIRE must recommend Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones identified within any Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs). The FHSZ maps are used by the State Fire Marshall as a basis for the adoption of applicable building code standards. Figure 2 shows Fire Hazard Severity Zones within Bradbury (CAL FIRE, 2022). Figure 2 illustrates that a majority of the City is considered to be within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone; the VHFHSZ covers nearly all of the City of Bradbury, with the exception of the southeast and southwest corners of the City. The LACoD is the responsible agency for fire protection within the City's VHFHSZ and follows the CAL FIRE VHFHSZ designation. The City abuts lands where the responsibility for fire protection lies with the Federal or State of California (FRA or SRA) 12 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
(Dudek, 2022). The closest fire station to the City is LA County Fire Department Station #44; it is located less than one mile (approximately 0.5 miles) directly south of Bradbury, in the City of Duarte.
The City and the surrounding landscape exhibit a complex wildfire environment that presents a significant risk to public and firefighter safety and the built and natural environment. This region of the San Gabriel Mountains has been subject to numerous damaging wildland fires, is influenced by local extreme wind and weather conditions (including Santa Ana wind events), has steep and varied terrain with a mosaic of different vegetation types, and is characterized by wildland-urban interface (WUI) development patterns that can exacerbate wildfire risk (Dudek, 2022).
The wildland-urban interface area of Bradbury runs across the entire north border of the City and includes populated residential properties. Almost all streets north of Royal Oaks Drive North in the City are considered to be in the Very High Fire Severity Hazard Zone and are at significant risk in the event of a wildland fire. Areas in the southern and western portions of the City are within the Moderate and/or High Fire Hazard Zone (EPC, 2019).
Table 4 projects the Annual Average Area Burned over the next century in Bradbury, which is a climate indicator showing the average of the area projected to be at risk to burning in a year. As shown, the City is expected to be at risk of burning approximately four to ten acres more during the middle of the century (2035-2064) compared to the Baseline acreage. Similarly, the end of the century expects to see approximately the same number of acres (an additional seven to nine acres compared to the Baseline averages) at risk to burn. For example, at mid-century under the Medium Emissions (RCP 4.5) scenario, on average 68.5 acres of land are projected to be at risk to burning in a given year, which is an increase of
3.9 acres over the equivalent Baseline scenario of 64.6 acres. Likewise, under the High Emissions scenario at mid-century, 70.8 acres of land are projected to be at risk to burning in a given year (+10.1 acres).
Table 4: Annual Average Area Burned
Change from
Time Period Scenario 30yr Average 30yr Range
Baseline
Medium Emissions 59.4-67.0
64.6 acres
(RCP 4.5) acres
Baseline (1961-1990)
High Emissions 54.9-62.8
60.7 acres
(RCP 8.5) acres
Medium Emissions 62.9-75.8
68.5 acres +3.9 acres
Mid-Century (RCP 4.5) acres
(2035-2064) High Emissions 60.9-77.4
70.8 acres +10.1 acres
(RCP 8.5) acres
Medium Emissions 68.7-77.0
72.0 acres +7.4 acres
End of Century (RCP 4.5) acres
(2070-2099) High Emissions 63.3-74.2
(RCP 8.5) 69.7 acres +9.0 acres
acres
Source: Cal-Adapt. Accessed October 7, 2022. Available at https://cal-adapt.orq/tools/local-climate-chanqe- snapshot/
13 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Figure 2: Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Bradbury Bradbury
Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA
As Recommended by CAL FIRE
+
Fire Hazard Severay Zents
wars: g40r
morm
Source: CAL FIRE, 2022.
14 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
It is crucial that transportation routes are able to safely and effectively operate in times of emergency.
The City of Bradbury is comprised of 3.2 miles of public streets and privately owned and maintained roads, and does not intersect with any major freeways or highways. The nearest freeway access to the City includes the Mt Olive Drive/Huntington Drive ramps at the I-605/I-210 freeway interchange. Additional freeway access is provided by the Buena Vista Street and Mountain Avenue off-ramps on the I-210 freeway. The principal east-west major roadway that serves the City of Bradbury is Huntington Drive located in the City of Duarte, one-quarter mile to the south. This highway has an interconnected system of traffic signals which provides and maintains an efficient and reasonable flow of traffic. Royal Oaks Drive, an east-west secondary highway, is located at the City's southerly boundary (EPC, 2019).
Who is Most Vulnerable?
Vulnerable populations include those that live within the Fire Hazard Severity Zones. As depicted in Fiqure 1, nearly all land within Bradbury city limits is considered to be a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.
Almost all streets north of Royal Oaks Drive North in the City are considered to be in the VHFHSZ and are at significant risk in the event of a wildland fire. Further, areas in the southern and western portions of the City are considered a Moderate and/or High Fire Hazard Zone (EPC, 2019). Safe and adequate evacuation plans are crucial to ensuring that impacts are as minimal as possible. Individuals with physical disabilities or who live in isolation may have difficulty evacuating. The popular ranch-lifestyle found throughout Bradbury indicates that residents own several animals that are oftentimes larger, such as horses. Larger animals require equipment, such as trailers, for safe transportation. Ranch and farm equipment is often larger, heavier, and slower than a standard vehicle. When planning and preparing emergency evacuation operations, these factors must be taken into account.
Wildfires are big contributors to air pollution in the western United States and are responsible for an estimated 70 percent of PM 2.5 emissions during periods when fine particulate matter pollution levels are above the EPA standard. Wildfire-generated particulate matter are linked to respiratory complications like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchitis, and other infections. Wildfire can have grave impacts on people's livelihoods, homes, and health (LACCSO, 2021). Especially vulnerable people include individuals with pre-existing health conditions, such as asthma, who are more sensitive to hazardous air. The percentage of people diagnosed with asthma in Bradbury is similar to the rates in LA County; approximately 17 percent of Bradbury residents 18 years and older and 16 percent of LA County residents 18 years and older have been diagnosed with asthma at some point in their lives.
Wildfire smoke can travel great distances and affect people far from a wildfire's location (LACCSO, 2021).
Bordering areas are highly prone to wildfires, and therefore the City is exposed to a threat from wildfires originating outside the City (EPC, 2019). Starting in 2008, the State of California began integrating wildfire protections and material requirements into building codes to ensure that newly constructed buildings or major renovations meet certain safety standards. Although these code requirements do not nullify the potential risks, these standards minimize the potential impacts on a building and its occupants.
Communities in LA County with high wildfire exposure and old buildings have high risk of wildfire damage.
These include Bradbury, Azusa, Glendora, Arcadia, Monrovia, and Sierra Madre - all communities along the San Gabriel Valley foothills (LACCSO, 2021).
In addition to personal impacts, wildfires can cause major community-wide disturbances, like evacuations, power outages, economic losses, road and school closures, losses to biodiversity and the natural 15 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
environment, and disruptions to recreational activities (LACCSO, 2021). Vulnerable infrastructure includes energy infrastructure (fires in other areas could cause damage to power plants or power lines causing blackouts), communications, and water (water quality reduced due to ash, etc.). Natural habitats and plants and animals are extremely vulnerable to wildfires; the foothills and open spaces found in, and surrounding, the City provide homes to plant and animal species, which are susceptible to fire hazards.
Plant and animal life is at an even higher risk due to the fact that Bradbury is a wildland-urban interface.
Windstorm
What is it?
The combination of windspeed, topography, climate, and temperature can create deadly impacts under the right conditions. Hazardous wind events can include windstorms, tornados, or microbursts.
Tornadoes are spawned when there is warm, moist air near the ground, cool air aloft, and winds that speed up and change direction. An obstruction, such as a house, in the path of the wind causes it to change direction. This change increases pressure on parts of the house, and the combination of increased pressures and fluctuating wind speeds creates stresses that frequently cause structural failures (EPC, 2019).
Unlike tornados, microbursts are strong, damaging winds which strike the ground and often give the impression a tornado has struck. They frequently occur during intense thunderstorms. The origin of a microburst is downward moving air from a thunderstorm's core. But unlike a tornado, they affect only a small area (EPC, 2019). When the microburst wind hits an object on the ground such as a house, garage, or tree, it can flatten the buildings and strip limbs and branches from the tree. After striking the ground, the powerful outward running gust can wreak further havoc along its path. Damage associated with a microburst is often mistaken for the work of a tornado, particularly directly under the microburst.
However, damage patterns away from the impact area are characteristic of straight-line winds rather than the twisted pattern of tornado damage. Tornados, like those that occur every year in the Midwest and Southeast parts of the United States, are a rare phenomenon in most of California with most tornado-like activity coming from microbursts (EPC, 2019).
Local Exposure/Environment
Strong winds and topography of the area create the regional Santa Ana winds, which can result in disaster conditions, the most common being fire fanned by the high winds. These winds commonly occur between October and February, with December having the highest frequency of events. Summer events are rare.
A Santa Ana wind event manifests as a dry northeasterly wind originating from the Great Basin and upper Mojave Desert. As the wind channels through the mountain passes and canyons of Southern California, the wind velocity increases. Wind speeds are typically 35 knots through and below passes and canyons with gusts to 50 knots. Stronger Santa Ana winds have gusts greater than 60 knots over widespread areas, and gusts greater than 100 knots in favored areas. Frequently, the strongest winds occur during the night and morning hours due to the absence of a sea breeze. The sea breeze, which typically blows onshore daily, can moderate the Santa Ana winds during the late morning and afternoon hours. Santa Ana winds are an important forecast challenge because of the high fire danger associated with them - with Santa Ana winds driving wildfire flames, the speed and reach of the flames is greater than in times of calm wind conditions (EPC, 2019).
16 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Based on local history, most incidents of high wind in the City of Bradbury are the result of the Santa Ana and El Niño related wind conditions. While high impact wind incidents are not frequent in the area, significant wind events and sporadic tornado activity have been known to negatively impact the City (EPC, 2019).
Severe windstorms pose a significant risk to life and property in the City of Bradbury by creating conditions that disrupt essential systems such as public utilities, telecommunications, and transportation routes.
High winds can and do occasionally cause tornado-like damage to local homes and businesses in and near the community. High winds have destructive impact, especially to trees, power lines, and utility services (EPC, 2019).
A windstorm in late November 2011, which caused winds in excess of 90 mph in the Pasadena, Sierra Madre, Arcadia, Monrovia, and Bradbury area, downed trees and resulted in extended power and utility outages. Based on previous windstorm history, it is not difficult to assume that a future windstorm event could generate similar damage. It is also possible that a strong Santa Ana wind condition could cause substantial damage in the City of Bradbury (EPC, 2019).
Who is Most Vulnerable?
Windstorms can affect the air quality of the general region. Strong winds can stir up dust, pollen, pollutants, and particulate matter. People with sensitive respiratory systems, or diseases such as asthma, can be put at greater risk for health complications due to strong wind events.
Windstorms damage buildings, power lines, and other property and infrastructure typically due to falling trees and branches. During wet winters, saturated soils cause trees to become less stable and more vulnerable to uprooting from high winds. When severe windstorms strike a city, downed trees, power lines, and damaged property can be major hindrances to emergency response and disaster recovery.
Historically, falling trees are the major cause of power outages in the region. Windstorms such as strong microbursts and Santa Ana wind conditions cause flying debris and downed utility lines. Falling trees bring electric power lines down to the pavement, creating the possibility of lethal electric shock (EPC, 2019).
Structures with weak reinforcement, or structures that are older, are susceptible to damage from strong wind events. Wind pressure creates a direct and frontal assault on a structure, pushing walls, doors, and windows inward. Conversely, passing currents create lift suction forces that pull building components and surfaces outward. With extreme wind forces, the roof or entire building can fail causing considerable damage (EPC, 2019). Since approximately 65 percent of the existing housing stock in Bradbury was built prior to 1990, these units may be more susceptible to extreme wind conditions. Ensuring all new development, redevelopment, and retrofitting projects adhere to the most up to date State Building Codes and follow City development standards regarding slopes (Municipal Code Chapter 97, Hillside Development Standards), chances of hazardous impacts from windstorms decrease. 17 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
C. Key Findings
The key findings for Bradbury are summarized below to assist in increasing the City's adaptive capacity. • Climate change has the potential to increase the severity of various natural hazards and impacts in the City of Bradbury.
• Wildland fires represent the threat most likely to affect Bradbury as a result of climate change.
While most likely to ignite within the CAL FIRE FHSZ, the effects of wildfire can adversely impact larger areas, cascading out towards the entirety of Bradbury and the surrounding cities, with smoke, ash, and poor air quality.
• The most vulnerable populations are those living in or adjacent to Very High FHSZs within the City.
Other vulnerable populations include seniors and people with pre-existing health conditions such as asthma.
• The most vulnerable natural areas are the sensitive hillside areas (and wildlife within these environments) located in the northern portion of the City, which are within the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone. This largely undeveloped area contains the most open space and natural landscape in the City and consists of high amounts of often dry foliage that is highly susceptible to fires. As prolonged dry spells are predicted to lengthen, plants, animals, and habitats that receive less and less water are more likely to burn from wildfire, leave the area, or die out from lack of resources.
The most vulnerable infrastructure are power and energy infrastructure, as well as homes (and businesses) within and bordering the Very High FHSZs. Extreme weather and heat conditions can increase the risk of fires, which can lead to the destruction of energy infrastructure such as power lines that are located in more remote (and more fire prone) areas. Since energy grids are interconnected and provide energy throughout the region, large parts of the Southern California population are expected to be impacted by distant fires or power outages. Closely located infrastructure, i.e. neighborhood homes within and bordering FHSZ can suffer brutal impacts, and possibly even total destruction.
Regional drought is also a key hazard to Bradbury as the City is served entirely by groundwater sources from the main San Gabriel Basin. Drought may also result in increased tree mortality, which contributes to higher fuel loading and wildfire size and severity. As expected with climate change, droughts are expected to increase both in frequency and intensity. 18 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
D. References
Cal-Adapt (2022). Local Climate Change Snapshot for Bradbury, California. Accessed October 7, 2022.
Available at https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-change-snapshot/ California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) (2022). Fire Hazard Severity Zones Maps:
Bradbury. Accessed October 17, 2022. Available at https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/community- wildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/wildland-hazards-building-codes/fire-hazard-severity- zones-maps/
California Emergency Management Agency (2012a). California Adaptation Planning Guide: Defining Local and Regional Impacts.
California Emergency Management Agency (2012b). California Adaptation Planning Guide: Identifying Adaptation Strategies.
California Emergency Management Agency (2012c). California Adaptation Planning Guide: Understanding Regional Characteristics.
California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment (2021). California's Changing Climate 2018: A Summary of Key Findings from California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment.
California Health Insurance Survey (CHIS) (2022). AskCHIS, Neighborhood Edition. October 13, 2022.
California Natural Resources Agency (2009). 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy.
City of Bradbury (2014). City of Bradbury General Plan 2012-2030. February 2014.
Dudek (2022). City of Bradbury Community Wildfire Protection Plan. August 2022.
Emergency Planning Consultants (EPC) (2025). Hazard Mitigation Plan. February 18, 2025.
Hall, Alex, Neil Berg, Katharine Reich (University of California, Los Angeles) (2018). Los Angeles Summary Report. California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number: SUM-CCCA4-2018- IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group Ill to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R.
Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)].
Los Angeles County Chief Sustainability Office (LACCSO) (2021). LA County Climate Vulnerability Assessment. October 2021.
Los Angeles County Public Works (2022). National Flood Insurance Program and County Floodways.
Accessed October 17, 2022. Available at https://pw.lacounty.gov/WMD/NFIP/ Los Angeles County Public Works, Environmental Programs Division (EPD) 2022). Stormwater Home.
Accessed October 17, 2022. Available at https://dpw.lacounty.gov/epd/Stormwater/ Pierce, D. W., J. F. Kalansky, and D. R. Cayan, (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) (2018). Climate, Drought, and Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the Fourth California Climate Assessment. California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment, California Energy Commission. Publication Number: CNRA- CEC-2018-006.
19 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) (2019). Local Profiles Report: Profile of the City of Bradbury. May 2019.
Tetra Tech (2021). Los Angeles County Comprehensive Floodplain Management Plan, July 2021. 20 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Appendix A: Regulatory Setting
State
California Air Resources Board
The California Air Resources Board is the agency responsible for coordination and oversight of state and local air pollution control programs in California and for implementing the California Clean Air Act (CCAA), which was adopted in 1988. The CCAA requires that all air districts in the state endeavor to achieve and maintain the California Ambient Air Quality Standards by the earliest practical date. The act specifies that districts should focus particular attention on reducing the emissions from transportation and area-wide emission sources and provides districts with the authority to regulate indirect sources.
California Strategic Fire Plan
This statewide plan guides fire policy for much of California. The plan is aimed at reducing wildfire risk through pre-fire mitigation efforts tailored to local areas. The most recent update is the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan. The 2018 Plan reflects CAL FIRE's focus on: 1) fire prevention and suppression activities to protect lives, property, and ecosystem services; and 2) natural resource management to maintain the state's forests as a resilient carbon sink to meet California's climate change goals and to serve as important habitat for adaptation and mitigation. There are also Unit Fire Plans produced under the Strategic Fire Plan that are localized to a county or region; the City of Bradbury falls under the Los Angeles County Fire Department Strategic Fire Plan.
State Water Resources Control Board/Regional Water Quality Control Board In California, all wastewater treatment and disposal systems fall under the overall regulatory authority of the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and the nine California Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs), who are charged with the responsibility of protecting beneficial uses of State waters from a variety of waste discharges, including wastewater from individual and municipal systems. The City of Bradbury falls within the jurisdiction of the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (Regional Board 4).
The RWQCBs' regulatory role often involves the formation and implementation of basic water protection policies. These are reflected in the RWQCBs' Basin Plans, generally in the form of guidelines, criteria, and prohibitions related to the siting, design, construction, and maintenance of on-site sewage disposal systems.
State Water Board Storm Water Strategy
The Storm Water Strategy is founded on the results of the Storm Water Strategic Initiative, which serves to direct the State Water Board's role in storm water resources management and involves the Storm Water Program by: a) developing guiding principles to serve as the foundation of the Storm Water Program; b) identifying issues that support or inhibit the program from aligning with the guiding principles; and c) proposing and prioritizing projects that the Water Board could implement to address those issues.
The State Water Board staff created a document called the Strategy to Optimize Resource Management of Stormwater (STORMS). STORMS includes a program vision, mission, goals, objectives, projects, 21 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
timelines, and consideration of the most effective integration of project outcomes into the Water Board's Storm Water Program.
Urban Water Management Planning Act
The Urban Water Management Planning Act's main objectives are the management of urban water demands and the efficient use of urban water. Under its provisions, every urban water supplier is required to prepare and adopt an urban water management plan. The plan must identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier, quantify the projected water use for a period of 20 years, and describe the supplier's water demand management measures.
California Department of Public Health
The Department of Public Health contains the Division of Radiation Safety and Environmental Management (DRSEM), which is divided into three branches: the Radiologic Health Branch, the Environmental Health Branch, and the Drinking Water and Radiation Laboratory Branch. The Radiologic Health Branch enforces the laws and regulations designed to protect the public, radiation workers, and the environment. The Environmental Management Branch regulates the medical waste industry and recreational health (public swimming pools, ocean beaches, and organized camps); provides sanitary surveillance of state institutions; administers the Registered Environmental Health Specialist (REHS) program; oversees radiological cleanup at military base closure facilities; and coordinates the State's Indoor Radon Program, the Medical Waste Management Program, and California Department of Public Health's Nuclear Emergency Response Program. The Drinking Water and Radiation Laboratory Branch is the State's primary drinking water quality testing laboratory and is the state laboratory capable of measuring chemical, microbiological, and radiochemical contaminants in drinking water and drinking water supplies.
California Water Code
California's primary statute governing water quality and water pollution issues with respect to both surface waters and groundwater is the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act of 1970 (Division 7 of the California Water Code). The Porter-Cologne Act grants the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and each of the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs) power to protect water quality and is the primary vehicle for implementation of California's responsibilities under the Federal Clean Water Act. The Porter-Cologne Act grants the SWRCB and the RWQCBs authority and responsibility to adopt plans and policies, to regulate discharges to surface and groundwater, to regulate waste disposal sites, and to require cleanup of discharges of hazardous materials and other pollutants. The Porter- Cologne Act also establishes reporting requirements for unintended discharges of any hazardous substance, sewage, or oil or petroleum product.
Each RWQCB must formulate and adopt a Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan) for its region. The regional plans conform to the policies set forth in the Porter-Cologne Act and established by the SWRCB in its State water policy. The Porter-Cologne Act also provides that a RWQCB may include within its regional plan water discharge prohibitions applicable to particular conditions, areas, or types of waste.
City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
California Building Code
The California Building Standards Code (CBSC) (California Code of Regulations, Title 24) is a statewide standard that is updated every three years, with the most recent update being in 2019. The CBSC is a compilation of three types of building standards from three different origins:
• Building standards that were adopted by state agencies without change from national model building codes;
• Building standards that were adopted from national model codes but modified to address California specific conditions;
• Building standards, authorized by the California legislature, that constitute amendments not covered by national model codes, that were created to address particular California concerns.
The CBSC specifies materials requirements, construction methods, and maintenance standards for earthquake protection and resiliency. All building occupancies in California are subject to national model codes adopted into the CBSC, and occupancies are further subject to amendments adopted by state agencies. State law also authorizes local governments to enact ordinances making building standards amendments to the CBSC to address local conditions. The law includes specific requirements for the basis for a local amendment, how the amendment language and documents must be prepared, and how the amendment must be filed with either the CBSC, the California Department of Housing and Community Development, or other state agencies as required. The City of Bradbury adopted the 2019 CBSC into the City Municipal Code under Section 17.01.010, Adoption of Building Code, of Title 17, Building Regulations.
California Fire Code
The California Fire Code, as a part of Title 24, California Code of Regulations, establishes the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practices to safeguard the public health, safety, and general welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion, or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures, and premises, and to provide safety and assistance to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations. The provisions of this code apply to the construction, alterațion, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal, and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such building structures throughout the State of California. The City of Bradbury has adopted the California Fire Code into Title 4, Public Safety, Chapter 3, Fire Code, of the Municipal Code.
Wildfire Protection Responsibility in California
Local, state, tribal, and federal organizations all have legal and financial responsibility for wildfire protection. In many instances, two fire organizations have dual primary responsibility on the same parcel of land - one for wildfire protection and the other for structural fire protection. To address wildfire jurisdiction responsibilities, in 1981 the California State Legislature outlined various wildfire responsibilities, described below, in Cal. Pub. Res. Code § 4291.5 and Cal. Health & Safety Code § 13108.5.
Federal Responsibility Areas (FRAs)
FRAs are fire-prone wildland areas that are owned or managed by a federal agency such as the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or U.S. 23 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Department of Defense. Primary financial and rule-making jurisdiction authority rests with the federal land agency. In many instances, FRAs are interspersed with private land ownership or leases. Fire protection for developed private property is usually the responsibility of the relevant local government agency, not the federal land management agency.
State Responsibility Areas (SRAs)
SRAs are lands in California where the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) has legal and financial responsibility for wildfire protection. CAL FIRE administers fire hazard classifications and establishes development and building standard regulations in these areas. SRAs are defined as lands that:
• Are in the unincorporated county areas
Are not federally owned
• Have wildland vegetation cover rather than agricultural or ornamental plants • Have row crops or seasonal crops, or
• Have watershed, range, or forage values
CAL FIRE adopts SRA boundaries and updates them every five years. Where SRAs contain structures or development, the relevant local government agencies have fire protection responsibility for those improvements.
Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs)
LRAs include land in cities, cultivated agriculture lands, unincorporated non-flammable areas, and lands that do not meet the criteria for SRA or FRA. LRA fire protection is typically provided by city or county fire departments, fire protection districts, or by CAL FIRE under contract to local governments. LRAs may include areas of flammable vegetation and WUI.
The City of Bradbury's VHFHSZ is a Local Agency VHFHSZ, as defined, and the City is considered an LRA.
The LACoFD is the responsible agency for fire protection within the City's VHFHSZ. The City abuts lands where the responsibility for fire protection lies with the Federal or State of California (FRA or SRA). The City released a Community Wildfire Protection Plan in August of 2022.
Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act and Seismic Hazards Mapping Act (1972) The 1971 San Fernando Earthquake resulted in the destruction of numerous structures built along its fault.
This led to passage of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act in 1972. This Act prohibits the construction of buildings for human occupancy across active faults in the state. Similarly, extensive damage caused by ground failure during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake focuses attention on decreasing the impacts of landslides and liquefaction. This led to the creation of the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act (1990), which enhances construction standards at locations where ground failures are probable during earthquakes.
Senate Bill 610 and Assembly Bill 901 (2001)
SB 610 and AB 901 both modify the Urban Water Management Planning Act. SB 610 requires additional information in an urban water management plan if groundwater is identified as a water source supplier. 24 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
It also requires that the plan include a description of all water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken to meet total projected water use. SB 610 also requires a city or county that determines a project is subject to CEQA to identify any public water system that may supply water to the project and to request identified public water systems to prepare a specified water supply assessment. The assessment must include, among other information, an identification of existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts relevant to the identified water supply for the proposed project, and water received in prior years pursuant to these entitlements, rights, and contracts.
AB 901 requires an urban water management plan to include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to an urban water supplier over a given period of time. AB 901 also requires information on how water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability. The bill requires plans to supplement a water source that may not be available at a consistent level of use, to the extent practicable. Additional findings and declarations relating to water quality are required.
California Oak Woodland Conservation Act (2001)
The California Legislature passed Assembly Bill 242, known as the California Oak Woodland Conservation Act, in 2001 as a result of widespread changes in land use patterns across the landscape that were fragmenting oak woodland character over extensive areas. The Act created the California Oak Woodland Conservation Program within the Wildlife Conservation Board. The legislation provides funding and incentives to ensure the future viability of California's oak woodland resources by maintaining large scale land holdings or smaller multiple holdings that are not divided into fragmented, nonfunctioning biological units. The Act acknowledged that the conservation of oak woodlands enhances the natural scenic beauty for residents and visitors, increases real property values, promotes ecological balance, provides habitat for over 300 wildlife species, moderates temperature extremes, reduces soil erosion, sustains water quality, and aids with nutrient cycling, all of which affect and improve the health, safety, and general welfare of the residents of the state.
Assembly Bill 1007(2005)
Assembly Bill 1007 (Pavley, Chapter 371, Statutes of 2005) directs the California Energy Commission (CEC) to prepare a plan to increase the use of alternative fuels in California. As a result, the CEC prepares the State Alternative Fuels Plan in consultation with state, federal, and local agencies. The plan presents strategies and actions California must take to increase the use of alternative non-petroleum fuels in a manner that minimizes costs to California and maximizes the economic benefits of in-state production.
The plan assesses various alternative fuels and developed fuel portfolios to meet California's goals to reduce petroleum consumption, increase alternative fuels use, reduce GHG emissions, and increase in- state production of biofuels without causing a significant degradation of public health and environmental quality.
California Executive Order S-3-05 (2005)
On June 1, 2005, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S-3-05. The goal of this Executive Order is to reduce California's GHG emissions to: 1) 2000 levels by 2010, 2) 1990 levels by 2020, and 3) 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. While two of the benchmark years have passed, the City of 25 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Bradbury, along with the rest of the state, can still aim to reduce GHG emissions 80% below the 1990 levels by the year 2050.
Assembly Bill 32 and Executive Order S-20-06 (2006)
In 2006, California adopted Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act, as an effort to address the effects of climate change and help reach the goals presented in Executive Order S-3-05. AB 32 sets the same overall GHG emissions reduction goals while further mandating that CARB create a plan, which includes market mechanisms, and implement rules to achieve "real, quantifiable, cost-effective reductions of greenhouse gases."
Executive Order 5-20-06 further directs State agencies to begin implementing AB 32, including the recommendations made by the State's Climate Action Team.
Bioenergy Action Plan - Executive Order S-06-06 (2006)
Executive Order S-06-06 establishes targets for the use and production of biofuels and biopower. The order also directs State agencies to work together to advance biomass programs while providing environmental protection and mitigation. The executive order establishes targets to increase production and use of ethanol and biodiesel fuels by a minimum of 20% by 2010, 40% by 2020, and 75% by 2050.
Additionally, the executive order sets targets for the state related to the use of biomass electricity and cogeneration facilities.
Senate Bill 375 (2008)
California's Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008 (SB 375) requires transportation agencies to develop a regional "Sustainable Communities Strategy" of land use, housing, and transportation policies that will move the region towards meeting the GHG reduction target set by the CARB. On September 3, 2020, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), the metropolitan planning organization responsible for Bradbury and surrounding regions, adopted Connect SoCal (2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy), which sets forth a long-range visioning plan that balances future mobility and housing needs with economic, environmental, and public health goals.
Assembly Bill 162 (2009)
This bill requires, upon the next revision of the housing element, on or after January 1, 2009, the Conservation Element of the General Plan to identify rivers, creeks, streams, flood corridors, riparian habitat, and land that may accommodate floodwater for purposes of groundwater recharge and stormwater management. By imposing new duties on local public officials, the bill creates a state- mandated local program.
This bill also requires, upon the next revision of the housing element, on or after January 1, 2009, the safety element to identify, among other things, information regarding flood hazards and to establish a set of comprehensive goals, policies, and objectives, based on specified information for the protection of the community from, among other things, the unreasonable risks of flooding. 26 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Assembly Bill 341 California's Mandatory Commercial Recycling Law (2012) The purpose of AB 341 is to reduce GHG emissions by diverting commercial solid waste to recycling efforts and to expand the opportunity for additional recycling services and recycling manufacturing facilities in California.
California Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (2014) On September 16, 2014, Governor Brown signed into law a package of bills (SB 1168, AB 1739, and SB 1319) collectively called the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. The Act requires local governments and water agencies with high and medium priority groundwater basins to halt overdraft and bring basins into sustainable levels of pumping and recharge. For each basin, local agencies are required to form new groundwater sustainability agencies and prepare groundwater sustainability plans with quantifiable objectives for achievement of sustainability within 20 years.
Senate Bill 379 (2015)
SB 379 revises Government Code Section 65302(g)(4) to require cities and counties to update their safety elements to address climate adaptation and resiliency strategies applicable to their jurisdiction. The updates are required at the next update of their local hazard mitigation plan (LHMP) on or after January 1, 2017. Local jurisdictions without an LHMP must update their safety elements beginning on or before January 1, 2022. The safety element update must include:
• A vulnerability assessment identifying the risks that climate change poses to the local jurisdiction • A set of goals, policies, and objectives based on a vulnerability assessment for the protection of the community
• A set of feasible implementation strategies to carry out the goals, policies, and objectives Statewide Emergency Water Conservation Regulations (2016) In 2016, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) adjusted emergency water conservation regulations in recognition of the differing water supply conditions and ongoing drought across the state to comply with the Governor's executive order declaring a drought emergency.
Executive Order B-37-16, Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life, updates temporary emergency water restrictions and transitions to permanent, long-term improvements in water use by:
• Providing for wiser water use
• Eliminating water waste
Strengthening local drought resilience
• Improving agricultural water use efficiency and drought planning In April 2017, a new Executive Order lifted the drought emergency, but retained many of the conservation requirements. Most regulations are still in effect except for water supply "stress test" requirements and conservation standards for urban water suppliers. The temporary restrictions established a baseline of the types of benefits that are possible from water conservation requirements. 27 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Senate Bill 1383(2016)
In September 2016, Governor Brown signed SB 1383, Short-Lived Climate Pollutants: Organic Waste Methane Emissions Reductions, establishing methane emissions reduction targets in a statewide effort to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (SLP) in various sectors of California's economy. The bill codifies the CARB's SLCP Reduction Strategy, established pursuant to SB 605 (2014), in order to achieve reductions in the statewide emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. Actions to reduce short-lived climate pollutants are essential to address the many impacts of climate change on human health, especially in California's most at-risk communities, and on the environment.
California State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018)
The 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan is the State's primary hazard mitigation guidance document. It seeks to help communities with their mitigation and disaster resiliency efforts to reduce or eliminate potential risks and impacts of natural and human-caused disasters. The 2018 plan was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) on September 28, 2018, and includes:
• An updated statewide risk assessment, disaster history, and statistics • Recent mitigation progress, success stories, and best practices • Updated State hazard mitigation goals, objectives, and strategies • Updated climate mitigation progress and adaptation strategies California Water Plan (2018)
The California Water Plan is the State's strategic plan for sustainably managing and developing water resources for current and future generations. Required by Water Code Section 10005(a), it presents the status and trends of California's water-dependent natural resources; water supplies; and agricultural, urban, and environmental water demands for a range of plausible future scenarios. The plan is updated every five years, with the most recent update occurring in 2018.
Local
City of Bradbury General Plan 2012-2030
A variety of goals, policies, and actions contained in the existing City of Bradbury General Plan address climate change vulnerabilities. Specific goals, policies, and implementation actions found within the General Plan that are most related to climate change include:
Land Use Element
• Goal 2: Preserve the identity, image and environmental quality of the hillside and open space areas in perpetuity by enforcing the Hillside Development Standards. • Objective 1: To maintain the existing character of the community and to preserve those environmental resources and amenities that make the City of Bradbury a desirable place to live.
Policy 1: The residential character of the community and environmental resources important to the City will be maintained.
28 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
• Action 1: Encourage as much hillside preservation as possible through the use of conservation easements, acquisition efforts by conservation organizations or preservation as natural preserves that promote the protection of natural hillsides as open-space in perpetuity.
Action 3: Revise the City's Design Guidelines to promote sustainable building and development design alternatives.
Community Resources Element - Open Space
• Goal 1: Protect and enhance Bradbury's Open-Space.
• Objective 1: Make open-space resources available to existing and future residents. • Objective 2: Make open-space resources accessible without the need to use motorized transportation.
• Policy 1: Protect and preserve oak woodlands and mandate replacement planting of native oaks where oak woodlands are proposed for alteration.
Policy 2: Protect water quality.
• Policy 3: Mandatory replacement planting of native trees and oaks. • Policy 4: Protect existing Blueline Streams.
• Policy 5: Prevention of soil erosion.
• Policy 6: Preservation of historically or culturally significant sites. • Policy 7: Protect wildlife and their habitats, including rare and endangered species.
• Policy 8: Protection of rare and endangered plants.
Policy 9: Promote development and management of public and private parks, trails and recreational areas.
• Action 1: Protect water quality.
• Action 2: Avoid drainage run-off where possible.
• Action 3: Promote landscaping efforts that comply with State water efficient standards, fire department standards, and protection of plant and wildlife communities.
• Action 4: Prevent soil erosion.
• Action 6: Promote public acquisition of open-space land by non-profit land trusts or conservation organizations.
• Action 7: Use Specific Plans to set aside open-space areas as part of development proposals.
• Action 8: Explore the use of transferring development rights to create and preserve open-space.
• Action 9: Explore grant financing opportunities to acquire and development pedestrian and equestrian trails.
Community Resources Element - Conservation
• Goal 1: Maintain a healthy and clean city.
• Goal 3: Protect the valuable watershed and natural habitat areas. • Goal 4: Protect and maintain the local water supply to ensure that the City's growing demand for water is properly accommodated.
29 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
• Goal 5: Protect Bradbury's environment through the use of renewable energy resources. • Goal 7: Regulate future surface streets to minimize impacting natural open-space areas. • Goal 8: Ensure that development in the steep foothill area is sensitive to the local environment. • Goal 9: Maintain Land Use policies that have minimal impact on existing air quality. • Goal 10: Maximize efforts to reduce air pollution from mobile sources. • Goal 11: Strive to achieve ambient levels of particulate matter to meet State and Federal clean air standards.
• Objective 2: Provide adequate waste disposal systems and increase the use of compatible renewable energy resources.
• Objective 5: Continue to develop a comprehensive NPDES plan that meets State standards.
• Policy 1: Protect water bodies, watersheds and courses from development impacts.
• Policy 3: Protect surface water resources from contamination. • Policy 5: Conserve water supplies (ground and surface). • Policy 6: Conserve riparian vegetation.
• Policy 7: Conserve wildlife habitat and assist residents in living with wildlife. • Policy 8: Conserve oak woodlands
• Policy 10: Control and prevent erosion.
• Policy 11: Enforce preservation landscape design programs. • Policy 12: Protect sensitive plant species and their habitats. • Policy 13: Protect rare, threatened, or endangered species. • Policy 14: Explore the use of Habitat Conservation Plans and Natural Communities Conservation Programs.
• Policy 15: Eliminate identified water pollution sources. • Policy 16: Improve major sewer, water, and storm drainage systems. • Policy 17: Control hazardous materials in areas where water pollution is possible. * Policy 18: Implement and maintain flood management facilities.
Policy 19: Protect natural resources
• Policy 20: Protect and improve air quality through coordinated efforts with other public agencies and jurisdictions.
• Action 6: Promote green waste and recycling programs such as "green and clean" which increases the usage of green waste for compost and reduces the amount of green waste exported.
• Action 10: Create and maintain renewable energy guidelines for residents.
• Action 11: Plan and schedule implementation for additional TMDLs. • Action 12: Plan for measures to control pollutants in surface runoff. • Action 13: Develop public education and outreach programs with regard to surface runoff, catch basin and storm drainage system maintenance. • Action 14: Implement procedures to detect and eliminate illegal discharges and illicit disposal practices.
• Action 17: Provide community residents with information as to how to peacefully coexist with the natural wildlife inhabiting the area. 30 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Health and Safety Element - Safety
• Safety Goal 1: To protect the citizens, their property and public facilities from natural and manmade hazards.
• Safety Goal 2: To establish, maintain, and develop awareness on the part of all residents of Bradbury as to how to react and protect themselves and each other, in the event of a natural or manmade hazard or disaster.
• Safety Goal 4: To minimize the risk to persons and property due to seismic activity. • Safety Goal 5: To minimize the risk to lives and property due to fire hazards. • Safety Goal 7: Protect the community from flood and landslides. • Safety Goal 8: Assure that existing and new development addresses fire protection in a proactive and preventative way.
• Safety Objective 1: Prepare the community for expected or unexpected disasters resulting from natural or manmade causes.
• Safety Objective 3: Communicate with Bradbury residents through all available media that safety personnel are properly trained to provide assistance in the event of a disaster. • Safety Objective 4: Implement the City's Hazard Mitigation Plan in a timely manner. • Safety Objective 6: Assure that potential flooding and landslide hazards are reviewed during new development.
• Safety Objective 7: Ensure that adequate service levels of fire protection are maintained in the City.
• Safety Policy 2: Implement precautionary measures in high risk areas to reduce injury and loss of property caused by natural or manmade hazards. • Safety Policy 4: Provide adequate levels of service to ensure that the residents are protected to the best of the City's ability from natural and manmade disasters.
• Safety Policy 5: Cooperate with Federal, State, and County agencies responsible for the enforcement of all health and safety laws and regulations. • Safety Policy 9: Support continuing review and updating of the City's Disaster Preparedness Program manual.
• Safety Policy 11: Maintain and evaluate the level of safety services available to the community.
• Safety Policy 13: Continue to support "mutual assistance" agreements between local and State fire fighting agencies.
Safety Policy 14: Continue to support programs to reduce fire hazards within the community.
Safety Policy 20: Require that all new development incorporate sufficient measures to mitigate flood and landslide hazards including but not limited to on- site drainage systems and grading of site to minimize stormwater runoff. • Safety Action 4: Update the hillside development standards which include fire prevention design measures.
• Safety Action 5: Continue to make emergency and disaster preparedness a community priority.
• Safety Action 6: Update and review the Emergency Operation Plan annually.
31 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
• Safety Action 7: City staff to continue to work with the LACFD on brush removal and weed abatement from April to June.
• Safety Action 10: Maintain and update the multi-hazard emergency plan for the City.
• Safety Action 11: Continue support and participation with the Emergency Response Committee.
Climate Action Plan
The Climate Action Plan is incorporated into the existing General Plan. The relevant goals, policies, and actions of the Climate Action Plan are:
Goal 1; Preserve the energy efficiency of existing housing units within the community.
Goal 2: Move toward net zero energy development to minimize additional energy demand within the community.
• Goal 3: Integrate innovative and cost effective water conservation efforts into new and existing development to conserve energy used to pump, treat, and convey water. • Goal 4: Optimize shading and cooling to reduce community-wide energy demand.
Goal 5: Conserve energy and limited fiscal resources through energy efficiency and conservation improvements at the Civic Center.
• Objective 1: Reduce dependence on nonrenewable energy resources. • Objective 2: Reduce energy consumption by City owned facilities and equipment. • Objective 3: Reduce energy consumption by all residential dwellings. * Policy 1: Annually monitor and report the City's progress toward achieving the reduction target.
• Policy 2: Regularly review and update the City's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory, energy profile and Energy Action Plan.
• Policy 3: Continue to develop collaborative partnerships that support implementation of the Energy Action Plan.
• Policy 4: Support regional funding efforts to implement the Energy Action Plan. •
Policy 5: Promote the reduction of dependency on motor vehicles by encouraging the use of alternate transportation modes.
• Action 1: Recognize homeowners that have implemented cost effective energy efficiency improvements.
• Action 2: Encourage homeowner associations to support community energy efficiency efforts such as an annual neighborhood energy conservation competition.
• Action 3: Provide a residential energy efficiency checklist that prioritizes actions by return on investment to interested homeowners. • Action 4: Provide incentives to encourage various homeowners to participate in an energy audit that can be used as a case study for others. • Action 5: Encourage homeowners to participate in utility funded energy efficiency programs and retrofits such as Energy Upgrade California. • Action 6: Provide new construction owners with educational materials and resources that assist with energy efficiency improvements. 32 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
• Action 7: Create and enforce outdoor lighting efficiency standards. • Action 8: Explore group purchase programs to reduce the cost of purchasing energy-efficient appliances, lighting, or pool equipment. • Action 9: Encourage the use of smart grid-integrated appliances to allow for programming to operate appliances remotely or when energy costs are at their lowest.
• Action 10: Encourage the use of variable speed drive pumps for pools and spas.
• Action 11: Work with adjacent and regional governmental entities to pursue funding for residential audits and retrofits.
• Action 12: Pursue grants or other financial sources to fund showcase home energy retrofits.
• Action 13: Consider including the policies of the model energy efficiency code and checklist, prepared by the San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments, into the City's zone code and design guidelines where feasible.
• Action 14: Utilize improvement to City facilities such as landscaping to demonstrate the effective use of appropriate water-efficient vegetation. • Action 15: Encourage the water purveyor to provide water efficiency kits or other resources to City residents.
• Action 16: Encourage the use of recirculating water systems for decorative water features.
• Action 17: Promote the retention of natural vegetation and the rural character of the community.
• Action 18: Promote the use of cool roofs, light-colored paved surfaces, and permeable pavement in new and existing residential projects. • Action 19: Conduct an audit of City facilities every five years to assure peak energy performance and identify new technologies or appliances to be installed as they become cost-effective.
• Action 20: Participate in the San Gabriel Valley Council of Government's utility manager program, the Enterprise Energy Management Information System, to regularly track energy use and identify cost-saving opportunities through sub-metering and energy management.
City of Bradbury Municipal Code
Title IV of the Municipal Code is dedicated to Public Safety. Chapter 3, Fire Code, within this Title includes the adoption of the most recent (2019) California Fire Code (Section 4.03.010, Adoption of Fire Code), violation infractions, and responsibilities of specific parties. Title IV also contains Chapter 4, Emergency Preparedness; the purposes of this chapter are to provide for the preparation and carrying out of plans within the City in the event of an emergency; the direction of the emergency organization; and the coordination of the emergency functions of the City with all other public agencies, corporations, organizations, and affected private persons. Further, Chapter 5, Floodplain Management, is included in this Title as well. Chapter 5 discusses development regulations and procedures when potential flood 33 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
hazards are present; Article III, Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction, establishes standards for construction and proposed new development.
Title IX, Development Code, discusses all aspects of development, from administrative organization to development code definitions, to development permit procedures, to site planning. The purpose of the regulations contained in this Title is to classify, designate, regulate, and restrict the use of buildings, land, and structures, in order to permit the optimum use of land within the City; to serve the needs of residential, agricultural, water conservation, and other purposes within the City; to regulate and limit the height, number of stories, size, and location of buildings and other structures, hereafter designed, erected, or altered; to regulate the size of yards and open spaces; to regulate and limit the density of population; to facilitate adequate provisions for community utilities and facilities, such as transportation, water, sewage, schools, parks, and other public requirements; to lessen congestion on streets; and to promote the public health, safety, welfare, and general prosperity with the aim of preserving a wholesome, serviceable, and attractive community.
Title XV, Street and Public Works, contains Chapter 3, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Measures, and Chapter 4, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Control. The purpose of Chapter 3, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Measures, is to protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the City by:
(1) Regulating the discharge of non-stormwater fluids into the municipal stormwater drainage system;
(2) Providing for the control of spillage, dumping, or disposal of contaminants, chemicals, or materials into the municipal stormwater drainage system; and
(3) Reducing pollutants in stormwater and urban runoff to the maximum extent practicable.
This Chapter regulates illicit discharge, illicit disposal, construction sites that require a building permit, penalties warranted for failing to comply with the Chapter, and fees.
The purpose of Chapter 4, Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Control, is to ensure the future health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the City and the water quality of the receiving water of the County and surrounding coastal areas. The objective of Section 15.04.120, Stormwater pollution control measures for development planning and construction activities, is to establish requirements for construction activities and facility operations of development and redevelopment projects to comply with the current municipal NPDES permit, lessen the water quality impacts of development by using smart growth practices, and integrate LID design principles to mimic predevelopment hydrology through infiltration, evapotranspiration, and rainfall harvest and use. LID shall be inclusive of SUMP requirements. Section 15.04.130, Stormwater pollution control requirements, states that the site for every planning priority project shall be designed to control pollutants, pollutant loads, and runoff volume to the maximum extent feasible by minimizing impervious surface area and controlling runoff from impervious surfaces through infiltration, evapotranspiration, bioretention, and/or rainfall harvest and use.
Title XVII, Building Regulations, contains the adoption of numerous state codes: Chapter 1, Building Code; Chapter 2, Mechanical Code; Chapter 3; Plumbing Code; Chapter 4, Electrical Code; Chapter 7, Underground Utility Facilities; Chapter 8, Water Service Requirements; Chapter 9, Green Building 34 City of Bradbury | Climate Vulnerability Assessment
Standards Code; Chapter 10, Water Conservation/Water of Water. Each code helps ensure safety, security, and reliability with regard to the operation of its respective field.
City of Bradbury Community Wildfire Protection Plan (2022) The Bradbury CWPP was developed for the City with input and direction from stakeholders and the community. The purpose of this collaboratively prepared CWPP is to serve as a fire protection planning document that presents the City's physical characteristics, wildfire hazard, assets at risk from wildfire, vegetation/fuel management projects and specifications, and goals and action items intended to reduce wildfire risk in the City.
Development of the Bradbury CWPP included an assessment of wildfire hazard, which involved modeling potential fire behavior around the City under extreme wind and weather conditions, consistent with conditions experienced during a Santa Ana wind event. Other wildfire hazard variables were evaluated (terrain, weather, fuels, development patterns, fire department response, structure density, etc.) to identify the Very High Fire Hazard Areas adjacent to the City.
The CWPP outlines a series of policies and action items which are intended to guide implementation of the CWPP. The policies and actions focus on codes and standards, funding, fire rehabilitation, evacuation, fire protection, vegetation/fuels management, and public education. Action items identify tasks to be implemented by the City and the LACoD, and other responsible City Departments, to achieve the stated goal of protecting lives, property, and natural resources threatened by wildland fire.
City of Bradbury Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (2025)
The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) provides a framework for planning for natural hazards. The resources and background information in the plan are applicable City-wide and to City-owned facilities outside of the City boundaries, and the goals and recommendations provide groundwork for local mitigation plans and partnerships. The LHMP is divided into four parts: Planning Process, Risk Assessment, Mitigation Strategies, and Appendix.
The LHMP was prepared in response to the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). DMA 2000 (also known as Public Law 106-390) requires state and local governments to prepare mitigation plans to document their mitigation planning process, and identify hazards, potential losses, mitigation needs, goals, and strategies. This type of planning supplements the City's comprehensive land use planning and emergency management planning programs. The document is a federally mandated update to the City of Bradbury 2007 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan and ensures continuing eligibility for Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funding.
Los Angeles County Operational Area Emergency Response Plan (2012) The Los Angeles County Operational Area Emergency Response Plan (OAERP) provides guidance and procedures for the County and the County as the Operational Area (A) to prepare for and respond to natural, technological, conflict-related, and human-caused incidents creating situations requiring a coordinated response. It provides guidance for management concepts, identifies organizational structures and relationships, and describes responsibilities and functions of the emergency organization to protect life and property. The plan describes the emergency organization and the process of preparing, responding to, and recovering from disasters.
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36 ATTACHMENT #3
City of Bradbury
BRADBURY
SB 99 Analysis White Paper
Residential Emergency Evacuation
Route Analysis
Appendix H-S B
Prepared by De Novo Planning Group
May 2023
City of Bradbury | Evacuation Route Analysis
City of Bradbury SB 99 Analysis White Paper
In coordination with its Health and Safety Element Update (2023), the City of Bradbury has prepared an analysis consistent with Senate Bill 99 to identify residential developments in high hazard zones that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. The analysis identified one (1) residential area of concern in the high hazard zone that warrants further study, and that is located on the eastern side of the City. The following is an explanation of the methodology used to map the evacuation routes.
DEFINITIONS & DATA SOURCES
HAZARD AREAS
High Hazard Zones are defined as areas that are located in one or more of the following pre-defined hazard zones:
1. FEMA's 100-year flood zone (NOT PRESENT)
2. California OES dam inundation area (PRESENT)
3. California Geological Survey's Map Sheet 58 Landslide Susceptibility classes 8, 9, or 10 (PRESENT)
4. California Geological Survey's Potential Liquefaction areas, mapped as part of the California Seismic Hazard Zonation Program (PRESENT)
5. California Geological Survey's Potential Landslide areas, mapped as part of the California Seismic Hazard Zonation Program (PRESENT)
6. California Geological Survey's Alquist-Priolo Fault Hazard Zones (PRESENT)
7. CAL FIRE's Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Local Responsibility Areas (PRESENT) These high hazard zones were combined into one single "Combined Hazard Area" using ArcIS union geoprocessing tools.
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
Parcel data were obtained from the County of Los Angeles Enterprise Geographic Information Systems.
This parcel set includes Land Use Classifications based on the City's General Plan land use designations (2014). Parcels with the "Residential" designation were considered residential developments for the purposes of this study.
ACCESS TO MAJOR ARTERIALS
The CAMS database from Los Angeles County was used to identify points of exit from clusters (neighborhoods) of residential parcels. Road centerlines were divided into three main classes:
1. Freeway or Highway
Arterial Road - These roads are noted as Primary and Secondary Roads in the CAMS database.
3. Minor Road - These roads are generally the first roads a resident will encounter when departing their residence.
2 City of Bradbury | Evacuation Route Analysis
ASSUMPTIONS & METHODOLOGY
IDENTIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN HAZARD AREAS Using ArcGIS, Residential Developments in Hazard Areas were identified by running a location query to find the parcels with Residential General Plan designations that intersect the single Combined Hazard Area.
IDENTIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL SUBDIVISION EXIT POINTS
The goal of this analysis was to find at least two separate points of exit from residential areas in hazard zones by following a rudimentary roadway network in which vehicles move from Minor Roads to Arterial Roads, and eventually to a Freeway or Highway. The following assumptions apply:
1. Residential Developments have immediate access to Minor/Residential Roads but are distant from Freeways.
2. Arterials connect Minor/Residential Roads to the Freeways.
3. Residential Exit Points are the points where Minor/Residential Roads intersect Arterials, thereby providing eventual access to a Freeway.
ANALYSIS & RESULTS
ANALYSIS
Upon visual analysis, residential parcels within the Combined Hazard Area were assigned to one of two categories:
1. One Exit Point with Access to Single Arterial
2. Multiple Exit Points with Access to Multiple Arterials
RESULTS
A total of 402 unique land parcels were identified as Residential AND within the Combined Hazard Area.
Of these:
1. 262 parcels in the western portion of the City have multiple exit points with access to multiple arterials (GREEN ON THE MAP).
2. 140 parcels in the eastern portion of the City have one exit point with access directly onto a single arterial (RED ON THE MAP).
CONCLUSION
The following neighborhoods should be reviewed for adequate exit strategies:
• Mount Olive Drive provides north-south access to the City of Bradbury in the eastern portion of the City. It provides the single point of access for many Bradbury residents, as well as residents living in the neighboring Duarte Mesa. A total of 140 single-family residential parcels in Bradbury and an undetermined number of single-family residential parcels in the Duarte Mesa must all exit the area via Mount Olive Drive, which is classified as a Collector Street in the City's General Plan Circulation-Transportation Element and as Minor/Residential Road in the Los Angeles County 3 City of Bradbury | Evacuation Route Analysis
CAMS database. Mount Olive Drive exits onto Royal Oaks Drive, which is classified as an Arterial Road. Although a potential secondary point of access exists via Woodlyn Lane, this street is gated and identified only as a "First Responders Ingress Route" in the Circulation-Transportation Element. Woodlyn Lane is not considered a through street from Mount Olive Drive.
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 5
DISCUSSION:
USAGE OF THE CITY'S COMMUNITY
ORIENTED POLICING SERVICES
(COPS) FUNDS
NCORTORATEC
Richard I. Hale, Mayor (District 1)
Elizabeth Bruny, Mayor Pro Tem (District 5)
BRADBURY
City of Bradbury
Agenda Memo
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Kevin Kearney, City Manager
DATE: March 18, 2025
SUBJECT: DISCUSSION ON THE USAGE OF THE CITY'S COMMUNITY
ORIENTED POLICING SERVICES (COPS) FUNDS
SUMMARY
The City receives COPS funds every year to pay for supplemental law enforcement activities. This includes allocating funds to pay for the Community Service Officer program, installing license plate readers, and extra traffic enforcement.
It is recommended that the City Council review the City's current COPS expenditures and direct Staff on how to proceed.
BACKGROUND
Since 1997, the California State Budget Act has included allocations to counties and cities for the COPS program. This funding is intended to fill the need for additional resources at the local level to ensure public safety. Under the provisions of Government Code Section 30061, a percentage of the funds are allocated to counties and cities, based upon population, for law enforcement services. Funds must supplement existing services and cannot be used to supplant any existing funds. The funds must be used to benefit front- line law enforcement efforts.
Throughout the past number of years, the City has spent COPS funding on extra traffic enforcement with the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department, the Community Services Officer (CSO) Program, and the installation of license plate readers.
Historically, the City spent about $50,000 yearly on extra traffic enforcement in the City.
FOR CITY COUNCIL AGENDA AGENDA ITEM #
Discussion on COPS funding
This usually entailed enforcement with speeding and running 'stop' signs on public streets. Around 2018, the City partnered with the City of Monrovia for the CSO program and utilized COPS funding to pay for it. . The CSO program has been successful, and its implementation has been a new outlet for COPS spending. Around 2022, the City Council started making policy shifts to no longer annually fund routine traffic enforcement, and the line item budget for extra enforcement was not a part of the Fiscal Year 22/23 budget and subsequent budgets. The City does do some periodic traffic enforcement, but it's usually only once or twice a year at the request of individual Council Members.
When the City requests traffic enforcement, it's usually a week or two week-long operation at a targeted area. City Staff coordinates with LASD to set certain days and times within the week or two week period. Deputies are then stationed in the area for a shift of four hours, which is usually overtime pay for the deputies.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The revenues for the COPS funds vary each year depending on the State's yearly allocation. Below is a snapshot of the revenues, expenses, and fund balance from the last few years:
Fund 215 - COPs Fund
Fiscal Year Revenue Balance in
Expenses cash/Bank
2022/2023 124,884.47 124,607.00 400,591.03
2023/2024 185,782.00 118,376.00 482,950.77
2024/2025 194,663.46 150,000.00* 533,390.41
* Denotes current budgeted amount
Fiscal Year 24/25 has a budgeted amount of $150,000 in expenditures to pay for the City's two (2) contracted CSOs. In reality, there's been a vacancy with one of the CSOs for several months, and the expense from the CSO program is anticipated to be much lower. The budget also does not incorporate the City's recent decision to partner with the City of Duarte to install new Flock cameras. The City is still awaiting final costs and billing, but the City's anticipated costs are between $600-900 for camera installation with subscription fees of $3,600 for the first year and $3,000 for each subsequent year.
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department is currently holding $60,234.67 of the City's COPS funds. These funds are awaiting the City's request for extra enforcement. The last traffic operations were in August of 2024, and there were 16 enforcement hours over four days. The total amount spent on these hours/days was $1,940.80.
Discussion on COPS funding
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the City Council review the City's COPS fund allocations and direct Staff on how to proceed.
AGENDA ITEM NO. 6
PUBLIC HEARING CONT'D:
1271 LEMON AVENUE
CALIFORNIA AMERICAN WATER
Richard T. Hale, Jr., Mayor (District 1)
Elizabeth Bruny, Mayor Pro Tem (District 5)
BRADBURY Melodie Szymkowski, Councilmember (District 2) Richard G. Barakat, Councilmember (District 3)
Bruce Lathrop, Councilmember (District 4)
City of Bradbury
Agenda Report
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Kevin Kearney, City Manager
DATE: March 18, 2025
SUBJECT: 1271 LEMON AVENUE - CALIFORNIA AMERICAN WATER
CONTINUED PUBLIC HEARING
ATTACHMENT: 1) Letter from California American Water
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that the public hearing for the 1271 Lemon Avenue project be continued as open to the April 15, 2025 regular City Council meeting.
SUMMARY
California American Water is proposing to retire and demolish the concrete-lined reservoir at the northeast corner of Lemon Avenue and Barranca Road for the eventual sale of that portion of the property. The retirement and demolition are subject to a Conditional Use Permit. A Tentative Parcel Map has been submitted to split the property into two lots along with a Variance to allow for maximum eight-foot-tall perimeter walls and fences. To facilitate the sale of the new westerly lot, it is requested that the General Plan Land Use Designation of that lot be changed from Public Facilities to Agriculture/Estate Residential-One Acre, and that the zoning be changed from 'OS' Open Space to 'A-1' Agriculture Residential Estate, One Acre Minimum. Three resolutions and an ordinance have been drafted for these land use applications.
At the October 15, 2024 Regular Meeting, the City Council opened the public hearing and accepted testimony from the applicant and several neighbors. The Council continued the public hearing as open to the next regular meeting of November 19, 2024 to allow for the applicant to meet with the neighbors and officials of the City of Monrovia and Bradoaks Elementary School to address their concerns. 1271 Lemon Avenue - Continued Public Hearing Page 2 of 2 The October 15, 2024 agenda packet, which includes the agenda report, the draft resolutions and ordinance, proposed plans, and links to the environmental documents and other related material is available on the City website via this link:
https://www.cityofbradbury.org/2024 10 15%20CC%20Meeting%20Agenda.pdf.
On October 30, 2024, the applicant informed City staff that they had contacted the City of Monrovia and Bradoaks Elementary School for meeting dates, but the meetings had yet to be scheduled. As a result, at the November 19, 2024 meeting, the City Council continued the public hearing as open to the January 21, 2025 regular meeting.
For the January 21, 2025 meeting, the applicant informed staff that the meetings had not been scheduled, and the public hearing was continued as open to the February 18, 2025 meeting.
As of February 18, 2025, the applicant had not yet scheduled the meeting(s) with the neighbors and officials of the City of Monrovia and Bradoaks Elementary School, and the public hearing was continued as open to the March 18, 2025 regular meeting.
The applicant has not yet held meeting(s) with the neighbors, or City and School officials, and is requesting that the public hearing be continued. It is therefore recommended that the public hearing for the 1271 Lemon Avenue project be continued as open to the April 15, 2025 regular City Council meeting.
ATTACHMENT #1
CALIFORNIA
AMERICAN WATER
March 13, 2025
Kevin Kearney
City Manager
City of Bradbury
600 Winston Avenue
Bradbury, CA 91008
Re: California American Water Lemon Reservoir Retirement Project: CUP 24-001 Dear Kevin -
I am writing to request the City of Bradbury continue the public hearing for California American Water's Lemon Reservoir Retirement Project: CUP 24-001.
California American Water is completing asbestos testing at our Lemon Reservoir facility and are awaiting results. Depending on the test results we will determine the next steps and have responses for any questions we may receive from the Bradbury City Council, Monrovia City Council, Monrovia City Manager, and residents of Monrovia adjacent to our facility during the planned open house.
Should you have any questions or require additional information, please contact me at (626) 532-6407 or via email at [email protected].
California American Water looks forward to continuing to work with the City of Bradbury and community on this project. We also look forward to rescheduling the public hearing with the City of Bradbury soon.
Sincerely,
Mark Reifer
Mark Reifer
Engineering Manager - Project Delivery
WE KEEP LIFE FLOWING®
March 18, 2025 City Council Meeting
MATTERS FROM THE CITY MANAGER
8. MATTERS FROM THE CITY ATTORNEY
9. MATTERS FROM THE CITY COUNCIL
Mayor Hale
LA County City Selection Committee
So. California Joint Powers Insurance Authority
Mayor Pro Tem Bruny
Duarte Education Foundation
Councilmember Lathrop
Duarte Community Education Council (CEC)
Councilmember Barakat
LA County Sanitation Districts
Foothill Transit
SGV Mosquito & Vector Control District
Councilmember Szymkowski
League of California Cities
SGV Council of Governments
10. ITEMS FOR FUTURE AGENDAS
CLOSED SESSION
CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL
PUBLIC COMMENT - REGARDING CLOSED SESSION ONLY
RECESS TO CLOSED SESSION REGARDING:
A. PUBLIC EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Government Code Section 54957 (b)(4)
Title: City Planner (VCA)