City_Council_Agenda_02-16-2022_Item_No._17 — Calexico City Council, February 16, 2022

AGENDA
ITEM
17 AGENDA STAFF REPORT
DATE: February 16, 2022
TO: Mayor and City Council
APPROVED BY: Miguel Figueroa, City Manager
PREPARED BY:

SUBJECT:

Lilliana Falomir, Public Works Manager - Administrati#
Hold Public Hearing for the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Update and Adopt Resolution of the City Council of the City of Calexico Adopting the 2020 Urban Water
Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
================================================================== Recommendation:

It is recommended that the City Council of the City of Calexico take the following actions:

1. Hold Public Hearing for the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Update;

2. Adopt Resolution No. 2022-_ of the City Council of the City of Calexico Adopting the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan.

3. Adopt Resolution No. 2022-_ of the City Council of the City of Calexico Adopting a Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

Background:

Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656 of the Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act) require every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare, adopt, and file an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years in the years ending in zero and five.

This UWMP provides DWR with a detailed summary of the present and future water resources and demands within the City's Water System (City) service area and assesses its water resource needs. Specifically, the UWMP provides water supply planning for a 25-year planning period in five-year increments and identifies water supplies needed to meet existing and future demands through 2040. The City's 2020 UWMP updates the 2015 UWMP in AGENDA
ITEM
11 compliance with the requirements of the Act as amended in 2009, and includes a discussion of:
• Water Service Area and Facilities
• Water Sources and Supplies
• Water Use by Customer Type
• Demand Management Measures
• Water Supply Reliability
• Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs
• Water Shortage Contingency Plan
• Recycled Water Use
Since the original Act's passage in 1983, several legal amendments have been added.

One of the most recent changes affecting the 2010 and 2015 UWMP includes Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session (SBx7-7) and SB 1087. SBx7-7, or the Water Conservation Act of 2009, signed by Schwarzenegger in order to achieve a 20 percent statewide reduction in urban per capita water use by 2020 (20 by 2020), requires each urban retail water supplier to develop urban water use targets to achieve custom targets which will produce an aggregate reduction of 20% Statewide by 2020. As indicated by Section 6.7 of the City's 2020 UWMP, the City has already met its goal for 2020.

The other recent legal amendment affecting the UWMP, made in September 2014, is set forth by SB 1420, Distribution System Water Losses. SB 1420 requires water purveyors to quantify distribution system losses for the most recent 12-month period available. The water loss quantification is based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). Water losses are essentially the amount of water purchased and/or produced minus the amount of water distributed for consumption. One of the primary components of water losses is the water that is used to flush water mains and hydrants. Others could be attributed to water leaks and repair work in the water system.

The final key amendments made to the UWMPs include AB 1414, 2242, and SB 606, which cover reporting details on droughts, seismic risk, energy intensity, and water shortage contingency planning. In particular, Section 10632(a)(3) of the Water Code (amended most recently by SB 606), now requires that Water Shortage Contingency Plans (WSCPs) include six (6) standard stages of water shortages, and that WSCPs be adopted as a separate document from the City's UWMP. The WSCPs can be both a part (section) of, and a separate document from the UWMP.

Thus, Council should sign a separate resolution for the WSCP (in addition to the UWMP).

Discussion & Analysis:

In accordance with the UWMP Act requirements, two notices were published on February 2, 2022 and February 9, 2022 in the Imperial Valley Press. A notice was also posted on the City's website and at City Hall starting on February 2, 2022.

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt resolution of the City Council of the City of Calexico adopting, authorizing and directing staff to file the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan with the California Department of Water Resources.

Fiscal Impact:

No cost associated with adopting the UWMP. UWMP results in City being eligible for State grants and loans from DWR, including the current funding sources:
• Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
• Proposition 50
• Proposition 84
Coordinated With:

Public Works Department.

Attachment(s):

1. Resolution No. 2022- _of the City Council of the City of Calexico Adopting the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan.

2. Resolution No. 2022-_ of the City Council of the City of Calexico Adopting a Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

3. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan.

ATTACHMENT #1
RESOLUTION NO. 2022-

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CALEXICO ADOPTING THE 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The City Council of the City of Calexico does hereby resolve as follows:

WHEREAS the California Legislature enacted Assembly Bill 797 (Water Code Section 10610 et seq.), known as the Urban Water Management Planning Act, during the 1983--.1984 Regular Session, and as amended subsequently, which mandates that every supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually, prepare an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), the primary objective of which is to plan for the conservation and efficient use of water; and WHEREAS the City is an urban supplier of water providing water, and WHEREAS the UWMP shall be periodically reviewed at least once every five years, and that the City shall make any amendments or changes to its plan which are indicated by the review; and WHEREAS the UWMP must be adopted after public review and hearing, and filed with the California Department of Water Resources within thirty days of adoption; and WHEREAS the City has therefore, prepared and circulated for public review a draft UWMP, and a properly noticed public hearing regarding said UWMP was held by the City Council on February 16, 2022, and
WHEREAS the City of Calexico shall file said UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources within 30 days of adoption;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Calexico assembled in a regular Council Meeting on February 16, 2022, in City Council Chambers, to hereby agree as follows:

1. The City is in confmmance with all applicable requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act;

2. The 2020 UWMP is hereby adopted and ordered filed with the City Clerk;

3. This resolution shall be in full force and effect immediately upon its passage and adoption thereof;

4. The Council is hereby authorized and directed to file the 2020 UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources within 30 days after this date; The City Attorney is authorized to make minor typographical changes to this Resolution that does not change the substance of this Resolution;
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 16th day of February 2022.

Attest:

Gabriela Garcia, City Clerk
Approved as to Fmm:

Carlos Campos, City Attorney
State of California )
County of Imperial ) ss.

City of Calexico )
Javier Moreno, Mayor
I, Gabriela Garcia, Deputy City Clerk of the City of Calexico do hereby certify the above Resolution No. 2022-_ was approved at a regular City Council meeting held on the 16th day of February 2022, by the following vote to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

Gabriela Garcia, City Clerk
ATTACHMENT #2
RESOLUTION NO. 2022-

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CALEXICO ADOPTING A

WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
The City Council of the City of Calexico does hereby resolve as follows:

WHEREAS the California Water Code Section 10632 requires every urban water supplier shall prepare and adopt a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) as part of its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP);
WHEREAS the City is an urban supplier of water providing water, and WHEREAS the City of Calexico has prepared and adopted a UWMP under separate Resolution No. 2022-_,
WHEREAS State Senate Bill 606 passed in 2018 has amended the Water Code related to the requirements of WSCPs to include six standard stages for water shortages up to and beyond 50 percent;
WHEREAS the City has updated its WSCP in accordance with these changes in the Water Code, and said WSCP is included as part of the UWMP;
WHEREAS the conservation of water is critically important if the City of is to sustain itself; and the effective and equitable management of limited water supplies during a water shortage minimizes the impact on the people and the economy of the City of Calexico; WHEREAS the City of is granted the authority by the State Water Code Section 350 and City municipal code Chapter 13.40 to declare a water supply shortage and to adopt by resolution regulations and restrictions on the delivery and consumption of water; and WHEREAS the City has therefore, prepared and circulated for public review a draft UWMP, and a properly noticed public hearing regarding said UWMP, held by the City Council on February 16, 2022, wherein the WSCP was also presented in the public hearing, and WHEREAS the City of Calexico shall file said WSCP with the California Department of Water Resources within 30 days of adoption;
WHEREAS the City of Calexico urban water supplier shall make available the WSCP prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the WSCP NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Calexico assembled in a regular Council Meeting on February 16, 2022, in City Council Chambers, to hereby agree as follows:

1. The City is in conformance with all applicable requirements of the Water Code

2. The WSCP is hereby adopted and ordered filed with the City Clerk;

3. This resolution shall be in full force and effect immediately upon its passage and adoption thereof;

4. The Council is hereby authorized and directed to submit the WSCP along with UWMP to the California Department of Water Resources within 30 days after this date; The City Attorney is authorized to make minor typographical changes to this Resolution that does not change the substance of this Resolution;
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 161
h day of February 2022.

Attest:

Gabriela Garcia, City Clerk
Approved as to Form:

Carlos Campos, City Attorney
State of California )
County of Imperial ) ss.

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

Gabriela Garcia, City Clerk
ATTACHMENT #3

2020

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
City of Calexico, CA
Public Works Department
549 Pierce Avenue, Calexico, CA 92231
(760) 768-2160
September, 2021
DRAFT
Prepared by:

West & Associates Engineering, Inc.
78 Anacapa Ct. Foothill Ranch, CA
(949) 716-7670
[email protected]

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: Introduction
SECTION Page

1.1 Purpose & Summary ............................................................................................. ........... 1-1

1.2 Coordination .................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.3 DWR Updates for the 2020 UWMPs ................................................................................ 1-6

1.4 Updates to the City's UWMP ........................................................................................... 1-7

1.5 Formatofthe2020UWMP .............................................................................................. l-8

1.6 UWMP Summary (Lay Description) ......................... ........................................................ 1-9 Section 2: Service Area Description
SECTION Page

2.1 City and Water System History ........................................................................................ 2-1

2.2 Current Water Service Area ............................................................................................. 2-4

2.3 Land Use & Economy ....................................................................................................... 2-6

2.4 Climate ........................................................................................................................... 2-12

2.5 Population ..................................................................................................................... 2-15

2.6 Water System ................................................................................................................. 2-16 Section 3: Water Sources & Supplies
SECTION Page

3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Current Water Supply Sources ......................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 "Law of the River" (Water Rights) .................................................................................... 3-6

3.4 II D's Water Rights ............................................................................................................ 3-8

3.5 City Distribution to Customers ....................................................................................... 3-11

3.6 Supply Purchases/Volumes ............................................................................................ 3-15

3.7 Reliability of Supplies ..................................................................................................... 3-16

3.8 Planned Water Supply Projects ..................................................................................... 3-16

3.9 Alternative Water Sources ................................................................... .......................... 3-16

3.10 Energy Intensity of Supply ............................................................................................. 3-19 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN TOC - 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Section 4: Recycled Water Opportunities
SECTION Page

4.1 Overview ............ .............................................................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Wastewater Collection System ................................ ........................................................ 4-1

4.3 Recycled Water ..... .................... ........................................................................ ............... 4-4

4.4 Encouraging and Opt imizing Recycled Water Use ................................ ........................... 4-9 Section 5: Water Quality
SECTION Page

5.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Water Quality Standards ................................................................................. ................. 5-2 5 .3 Quality of Water Sources ............... .................................................................................. 5-4

5.4 Water Quality Monitoring ............................................................................................... 5-7

5.5 Impacts of Water Quality ................................................................................................. 5-9 Section 6: Water Use
SECTION Page

6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Recent Water Use Changes ...................................... ....................................................... 6-1

6.3 Current City Water Needs ................................................................................................ 6-2

6.4 Climate Impacts on Water Use ..................................................................................... ... 6-3

6.5 Water Use ........................................................................................................................ 6-4

6.6 Water Use by Sector ........................................................................................................ 6-6

6. 7 Water Conservation Act. .................................................................................................. 6-9

6.8 Project ed Water Demand .................... .......................................................................... 6-15 Section 7: Reliability Planning
SECTION Page

7.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Historic Droughts ............................................................................................................. 7-1

7.3 Current Drought .......... ..................................................................................................... 7-4

7.4 Improving Canal Supply Reliability ................................................................................... 7-9

7.5 Regional Wat er Rights ................................................................................................... 7-11 7 .6 Implementation of II D's Rights ........................................................................................ 7-9

7.7 City Supply Reliability .................................................................................................... 7-22

7.8 Drought Risk Assessment ............................................................................................... 7-22

7.9 Ensuring Adequate Supply ............................................................................................. 7-26

7.10 WSCP Supply Augmentat ion .......................................................................................... 7-26 TOC- 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Section 8: Contingency Planning
SECTION Page

8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Need for Contingency Plans ............................................................................................. 8-2

8.3 Legal Authority ................................................................................................................ 8-4

8.4 Water Supply Reliability Analysis .................................................................................... 8-4

8.5 Annual Assessments ....................................................................................................... 8-6

8.6 Regional Contingency Response ...................................................................................... 8-8

8.7 City Contingency Plan ...................................................................................................... 8-8

8.8 Disaster Management. ................................................................................................... 8-13

8.9 WSCP Enforcement & Evaluation .................................................................................. 8-17

8.10 Fiscal lmpacts ................................................................................................................. 8-18

8.11 Three-Year Minimum Supply ........................................................................................ 8-19

8.12 WSCP Adoption and Refinement .................................................................................. 8-20 Section 9: Conservation Measures
SECTION Page

9.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.2 DWR DMMs for 2020 UWMPs ......................................................................................... 9-2

9.3 CalWEP BMPs ................................................................................................................... 9-2

9.4 City Conservation Measures ............................................................................................ 9-3

9.5 Continued Implementation ......................................... ~ ................................................. 9-14 Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix(
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H
Appendix I
Appendix J
Appendix K
Appendix L
Appendix M
Appendix N
City Council Resolution Adopting 2020 UWMP
City Council Resolution Adopting 2020 WSCP
UWMPAct
Dept. of Water Resources UWMP Checklist
Dept. of Water Resources UWMP Data Tables
Dept. of Water Resources SBx7-7 Tables
AWWA Water Audits {2015-2020)
Land Use Element - 2015 City General Plan
2013-2021 City Housing Element
2020 Consumer Confidence Report {Water Quality Report)
UWMP Notices: 60-Day Notice, 2-Week and 1 Week Notices
Imperial County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan Imperial County Climate Action Plan
Final Transmittals to County and State Library
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN TOC - 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY
TOC- 4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

ACRONYMS
AAC
AF
AFY
AMI
AP
BDCP
BMP
CDP
CDPH
CFS
Cll
CIMIS
CRA
cuwcc
CVP
CDPH
DBPs
DDW
DMM
DOE
DWSAP
DWR
EPA
ETo
GPCD
GPM
HEN
HET
HEW
llD
IPR
All-American Canal
Acre-Feet
Acre-Feet per Year
Automatic Metering Infrastructure
Allocation Plan
Bay-Delta Conservation Plan
Best Management Practice
Census Designated Place
California Department of Public Health
Cubic Feet per Second
Commercial Industrial Institutional
California Irrigation Management Information System
Colorado River Aqueduct
California Urban Water Conservation Council
Central Valley Project
California Department of Public Health
Disinfection Byproducts
Division of Drinking Water
Demand Management Measure
Department of Energy
Drinking Water Source Assessment and Protection
Department of Water Resources
Environmental Protection Agency
Evapotranspiration
Gallons per Capita per Day
Gallons per Minute
High Efficiency Nozzle
High Efficiency Toilet
High Efficiency Washer
Imperial Irrigation District
Indirect Potable Reuse
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN A-1

ACRONYMS
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
IRP
MBR
MCL
MCLG
MG
MGD
mg/L
µg/L
MOU
MWA
MWD
ng/L
NPDWR
NTU
PCA
PHG
QSA
RHNA
SDWA
SB
SBx7-7
SWP
SWRCB
TDS
TOC
ULFT
USFWS
UWMP
WSAP
WSDM
wss
WWTP
Integrated Resources Plan
Membrane Bioreactor
Maximum Contaminant Level
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
Million Gallons
Million Gallons per Day
Milligrams per Liter
Micrograms per Liter
Memorandum of Understanding
Mohave Water Agency
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Nanograms per Liter
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
Nephelometric Turbidity Units
Possible Contaminating Activities
Public Health Goal
Quantification Settlement Agreement
Regional Housing Needs Assessment
Safe Drinking Water Act
Senate Bill
Senate Bil l x7-7
State Water Project
State Water Resources Control Board
Total Dissolved Solid
Total Organic Carbon
Ultra-Low-Flow Toilet
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Urban Water Management Plan
Water Supply Allocation Plan
Water Surplus & Drought Management Plan
Watershed Sanitary Survey
Wastewater Treatment Plant
A - 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

ACRONYMS

CALEXICO

CITY HALL

1.1 PURPOSE AND SUMMARY
This is the 2020 Urban Water Management
Plan ("UWMP" or "Plan") for the City of
Calexico (hereinafter "City"). Th is Plan has
been prepared in compliance with the
Urban Water Management Planning Act
(Act), which was established in 1983 and
has been codified into the California Water
Code sections 10610 through 10657. A copy
of the Act can be found in Appendix C to
this 2020 UWMP.

As part of the Act, the legislature declared
that waters of the state are a limited and
renewable resource subject to ever
increasing demands; that the conservation
and efficient use of urban water supplies
are of statewide concern; that successful
... •

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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2020

INTRODUCTION
In accordance with
the Water Code, an
Urban Water
Management Plan
is required to be
updated every five
years.
implementation of plans is best
accomplished at the local level; that
conservation and efficient use of water shall
be actively pursued to protect both the
people of the state and their water
resources; that conservation and efficient
use of urban water supplies shall be a
guiding criterion in public decisions; and
that urban water suppliers shall be requ ired
to develop water management plans to
achieve conservation and efficient use.

The Act requires "every urban water
supplier providing water for municipal
purposes to more than 3,000 customers or
supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of
water annually, to prepare and adopt, in
accordance with prescribed requirements,
an Urban Water Management Plan."
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 -1
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
These plans must be filed with the
California Department of Water Resources
(DWR) every five (5) years, describing and
evaluating reasonable and practical efficient
water uses, reclamation, and conservation
activities. The Water Code mandates that
each water supplier shall update its plan at
least once every five (5) years on or before
July 1, in years ending in one (1) or six (6).

Figure 1.1: UWMPs are Governed by State Law
The Act has been amended multiple times
since its initial passage in 1983. A summary
of the amendments is provided in Figure

1.2. The intent of the amendments was to
broaden the scope of the UWMPs,
encourage public participation, and add
financial incentives to the UWMPs. A
significant amendment to the Act was a
2009 amendment (Senate Bill SBx7-7)
signed by former Governor
Schwarzenegger. The Senate Bill, also
known as the "Water Conservation Act"
required that per capita water use within an
urban water supplier's service area
decrease by 20 percent by the year 2020 in
order to receive grants or loans
1- 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
administered by DWR or other state
agencies. Each urban retail water supplier
developed water use "targets" for 2015 and
for 2020. The "target"
date for 2020 just Amendments to
passed on December 31,
2020. Urban water
the Act have
added financial
incentives to
UWMPs suppliers whose 2020
actual water use does
not meet the target requirements
established by this bill are not eligible for
State water grants or loans. This included,
but was not limited to, the following
funding sources:
• Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
Primarily a source for funds to help
correct deficiencies.
• Proposition 1
Primarily a source for funds related
to supplies & infrastructure.
• Proposition 50
Primarily a source for funds related
to security & treatment technology.
• Proposition 84
Primarily a source for funds related
to protection from pollution.

Agencies that submit their UWMPs past the
July 2021 deadline are still technically
eligible for grants or loans, provided that
the UWMP addresses the requirements of
the Act. However, applications for such
funds are subject to legal challenges coming
1990 - UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bill 797 expanded the reporting requirements for conservation measures or "Demand Management Measures"
and also required UWMPs to be made publldy available within 30 days af submittal tD DWR.
1993 - UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bill B92 eliminated some of the data reporting redundancies, required a desaiption of oommunityoutreach in preparation afthe UWMP, and allowed for the induslon af CUWCC (now CalWEP) Annual BMP Reports (see Section 7).
1995 - UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bil 1845 and Senate Bill 1011 more dearly defined "recycled water" and its data reporting requirements. These bills also expanded the reportirf! requirements on water supply reliabiritv to require specific reporting on various dimactic conditions and to indude a 3-year minimum water supply. 2001 - UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bill 901 and Senate Bills 610 and fj/2 expanded the reporting requirements of UWMPs to indude water quality information, additional information on groundwater supplies (if applicable), and to describe tools that maximize local resources. Additional financial incentives were also added. 2004 - UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bill 105 and Senate Bill 318 expanded the reporting requirements of UWMPsto indude a discussion on
opportunities for desalinated water and also added a
requirement that UWMPs be submitted to the State Library in addition to the City{ies) and County(ies) within which they provide water.
2009 - UWMP Act Amended
Senate Bill SBx7-7 significantly expanded the reporting requirements of UWMPs to indude an assessment of
baseline water use and establishment af water use reduction targets. Also added significance to the conservation targets described in UWMPs by adding financial incentives.
2020 - UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bill 1414, 2242, and Senate Bill 606 stipulate drought reporting. seismic risk, and energy intensity.
•
• • •
-· •
~•
-
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URBAN WATER M ANAGEMENT PLAN
1983 - UWMP Act Established
Assembly BHI 797 madethe preparation af UWMPs mandatory and established basic parameters for UWMPs, lnduding content of UWMPs, public coordination, and submittal requirements. 1991- UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bills 11.x and 1869 added financial incentives tD UWMPs, expanded the reporting requirements af UWMPs to
include reporting on recycled water, and required the induslon of a water shortage rontingenc:y, up tD a 50% supply reduction. 1994 - UWMP Act Amended
Senate Bill 1017 and Assembly Bill 2853 allowed for agencies to recover the rosts of preparing UWMPs and implementing the conservation measures through water rates, and
expanded data reporting requirements on recyded water.
2000 - UWMP Act Amended
Assembly Bill 2552 and Senate Bill 553 required agencies to submit their UWMPs tD any City or County within which they provide water and also updated the ronservation measures to c.oincide with the more updated measures af the CUWCC (now CalWEP).
2002 - UWMP Act Amended
Senate Bills 1348, 1384, and 1518 Increased the significance of conservation measures reported in UWMPs with regard to
funding requests, required that agencies provide their
wholesalers with water use projections as desaibed in their UWMPs, and expanded requirements on recyded water.
2005 - UWMP Act Amended
Senate Bill 1087 expanded the reporting requirements of UWMPs to indude a disrussion on low-inrome or "affordable" housing. and an assessment of water supply needs to such developments.
2015 - UWMP Act Amended
Senate Bill 1420 streamlined data reporting and required the reporting of water losses. Senate Bill 2049 required reporting of water features in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

Assembly Bill 2067 changed the requirement of the Demand Management Measures (DMMs).

PRESENT (2020)
Figure 1.2: UWMP Act Establishment and Amendments
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 1- 3
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
from competing agencies for the same
funding, if the competing agencies become
aware of the timeframe in which an UWMP
was submitted.

UWMPs are considered to be a foundation
document and a source of information for
Water Supply Assessments (Senate Bill 610)
and Written Verifications of Water Supply
(SB 221). In addition, an UWMP may serve
as a long-range planning document for
water supply, a source of data for
development of a regional water plan, and
a source document for cities and counties
as they prepare their General Plans. These
planning documents are linked, and their
accuracy and usefulness are
interdependent.

One of the primary objectives of the Act is
the assessment of demands and supplies
over a 20-year or a 25-year planning
horizon under normal rainfall conditions, as
well as under various drought conditions.

The Act also requires water shortage
contingency planning and drought response
actions be included in an UWMP. In short,
this Plan is a management tool that
provides a general, long-term framework
for action, rather than a detailed blueprint
for supply and demand management. This
Plan evaluates the City's supply and demand
projections over a 25-year planning horizon,
and what mix of programs should be
explored for ensuring that such water will
1- 4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
be available. As part of the City's past and
current water conservation policies, the City
is currently implementing many facets of
this plan already to achieve its water
conservation goals.

1.2 COORDINATION
The process of preparing and submitting an
UWMP is a transparent process that
requires opportunities for outside-agency
and general public involvement. In
preparing this 2020 Plan, the City has
encouraged broad community participation.

The City notified the
agencies that the City
interacts with more
than 60 days in
advance of the City
Council's adoption of
the Plan. The City also
made the draft Plan
available at City Hall
The City's 2020
UWMPis a
collaborative effort
involving its own
staff, outside
agencies, and the
general public.
and on the City's website, leading up to a
public hearing on the Plan. Notices of the
public hearing were published in the local
press and on the City's website for a twoweek period. On November 17, 2021, the City held a noticed public hearing to review
and accept comments on the UWMP.

Following the public hearing, the City
officially adopted the 2020 Plan through
Council resolution. A copy of the council
resolution adopting this UWMP is included
in Appendix A.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 1.1
Coordination and Public Involvement
- -
Participated 5 60 C d Notified Attended
A . Pl ent - ommente f P bl" bl" gency in an 0 N . 0 ft o u 1c Pu 1c . ay ot1ce on ra H . . Preparation earing Hearing - --
City of Calexico Staff x x x x x
Imperial County x x
Imperial Irrigation District x x
City of Brawley x x
City of El Centro x x
City of Imperial x x
General Public x x

1. "60-Day" notice letters were sent out to agencies as required by ewe§ 10621(b).

2. 2-week and 1-week notices were published in the local press.

3. Appendix contains copies of the 60-day notice and the 2-week and 1-week notices. 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 - 5
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
As required by the Act, the 2020 UWMP is
being prepared by the City and will be
submitted to DWR, the California State
Library, and any city or county within which
it provides water to no later than 30 days
after adoption. The 2020 UWMP has been
made available to the public on the City's
website and at City Hall during normal
business hours within 30 days of submitting
the 2020 UWMP to DWR.

1.3 DWR UPDATES FOR THE 2020 UWMPS
There have been significant changes to the
Water Code affecting the 2020 UWMPs.

The changes include the following:
• Water Reliability Planning: UWMPs
must extend drought planning of
water sources (supplies) for periods of
up to five (5) consecutive dry years
(CWC § 10635 (a)).
• Drought Risk Assessment: UWMPs
must assess water supply reliability
over five (5) consecutive dry years
that takes into consideration
demands (CWC § 10635(b)).
• Seismic Risk: UWMPs must address
seismic risks in the Contingency
Section in the UWMP, or refer to
local or regional hazard mitigation
plans (CWC § 10632.5 (a) (b) and (c)).
1- 6 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
• Contingency Plans: Water Shortage
Contingency Plans (WSCPs) must
include six (6) Standard Stages
(CWC § 10632(a)(3)).
• Groundwater Supply Projections: If a
Groundwater Sustainability Plan has
been completed by an agency,
groundwater pumping projections in
the UWMP must be consistent with
those Plans (CWC § 10631(A)(B)).
• Lay Description: UWMPs must
include a less-technical summary of
water service reliability, challenges,
and strategies which could be read as
a go-to synopsis for new staff, new
governing members, customers, and
the media (CWC § 10630.5).
• Energy Intensity: UWMPs must
report on the energy intensity of
water supplies (CWC § 10631.2 (a)).
• Land Use: UWMPs must Include
current and projected land uses in
addition to population estimates
(CWC § 10631 (a)).
• Water Supply Projects: UWMPs must
include a description of potential
water supply projects that may be
implemented during droughts of up
to five (5) years (CWC § 10631 (f)).

Of the above listed changes to the UWMPs
by DWR, the contingency planning changes
(i.e., changes to the City's WSCP) are the
most significant updates affecting the 2020
UWMPs. These contingency planning
changes were written into the Water Code
in 2018, in response to the severe drought
of 2012-2017. While overlapping aspects of
the prior law, the new requirements have
several prescriptive elements that a Water
Supplier's WSCP must include.

In addition to the above, there are several
optional or voluntary categorical and data
reporting changes to the UWMP Act. These
include an optional Planning Tool that
suppliers can use to report and assess water
use and supply in order to better conduct
the Reliability Assessment and Drought Risk
Assessment, a Potable and Non-Potable
Planning Tool, Potable and Non-Potable
Submittal Tables, as well as various optional
data reporting.

1.4 UPDATES TO THE CITY'S UWMP
In addition to required updates described in
the previous section, the City's 2020 UWMP
has undergone several changes from the
2015 UWMP. A summary of the key
changes to the UWMP are as follows:
• New Format: Format of the UWMP has
been changed to include a new look and
new arrangement of sections. The new
arrangement helps the discussion of

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
certain topics which precede other
topics. See Section 1.5 for the format of
this 2020 UWMP.
• DWR & Water Code: A listing of DWRrequired UWMP updates (see previous Section).
• City Development Growth: An updated
look at development which took place in
the City since the 2015 UWMP.
• Water Sources and Supplies: A broader,
more in-depth discussion of water
sources and supplies.
• Recycled Water: An updated look at
recycled water opportunities in the City.
• Water Quality: A broader, more indepth discussion of water quality and treatment.
• Water Use: Updated information on
recent water use quantities and a
deeper discussion on water use
parameters. Also, an updated look at
SBx7-7 targets.
• Supply v Demand: Updated information
on projected supplies vs demands, and a
discussion on recent regional droughts
affecting the City. There is also an
expansion on the discussion of the City's
source water reliability.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 - 7
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
., Contingency Planning: Updated
information on the City's contingency
plans, including the City's Ordinances.
• Conservation Measures: Updated
information on the City's conservation
measures, which reflect the previous
(2015) changes by DWR.

In addition to the above changes, there are
multiple minor changes. The changes reflect
both those that are required by the Water
Code and those that are voluntarily
included for the benefit of the City.

1.5 FORMAT OF THE 2020 UWMP
The information contained in this 2020
UWMP correspond to the items in the
UWMP Act and other amendments to the
Water Code. The sections of the UWMP are
as follows:

Section 1 - Introduction
This section describes the UWMP Act, the
UWMP preparation and adoption process,
updates to the UWMP, and a lay description
of this entire document.

Section 2 - Service Area Description
This section outlines the history and
development of the City and the City's
water supply system, a description of its
existing service area, the local climate,
1- 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
population served, and some basic statistics
on the City's water distribution system.

Section 3 - Water Sources & Supplies
This section describes the existing water
supplies available to the City, including
imported water from the Colorado River
through the Imperial Irrigation District (llD)
All American Canals. In addition, this section
discusses potential future water supplies.

Section 4 - Recycled Water Opportunities
This section describes the City's wastewater
collection by the City and treatment at the
City's wastewater treatment plant (WWTP),
and the uses and benefits to implementing
a recycled water system. In addition, this
section discusses the future use of recycled
water in the City.

Section 5 - Water Quality
This section discusses the quality of the
City's potable water supply sources,
including imported water from the
Colorado River. This section also discusses
drinking water standards and the effect that
water quality has on management
strategies and supply reliability.

Section 6 - Water Use
This section describes past, current and
projected water usage within the City's
service area. Past and projected water use
in this section is broken down by sector.

This chapter also discusses the
requirements of the 2009 Water
Conservation Act (SBx7-7), including the
2020 Water Use Targets.

Section 7 - Reliability Planning
This section presents a drought risk
assessment of the City's water system. The
drought risk assessment is an assessment of
the reliability of the City's water supplies by
comparing projected future water demands
with expected available water supplies
under three different hydrologic conditions:
normal year; a single dry year; and multiple
dry years. This 2020 Plan concludes that if
projected imported and local supplies are
developed as anticipated, no water
shortages are anticipated in the City's
service area during the planning period.

Section 8 - Contingency Planning
This section describes the City's response
plan to water shortages, as well as those
efforts that will be utilized in the event of
water supply interruptions, such as power
outages, earthquakes, or droughts. This
section also describes regional response
efforts to water supply interruptions.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Section 9 - Conservation Measures
This section addresses the City's compliance
with water conservation measures that
correspond to the seven (7) Demand
Management Measures (DMMs) described
in the 2020 UWM P Guidebook, which were
previously the fourteen (14) DMMs listed in
the Act. The DMMs also correspond to the
current Best Management Practices (BMPs)
from the California Water Efficiency
Partnership (CalWEP).

Appendices
The appendices contain references, specific
documents, and data used to prepare this
2020 Plan.

1.6 UWMP SUMMARY {LAY DESCRIPTION)
To facilitate effective and efficient
management of water supplies, and in
compliance with the UWMP Act and the
Water Conservation Act of 2009, the City
has prepared this 2020 UWMP. This UWMP
includes background information regarding
the City's history, water system, and water
supplies. This UWMP also analyzes recent
water demands and projects future water
supply capacity and water demands
through 2045. The effects of water quality,
drought, and emergencies on the City's
water supply reliability are also analyzed.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 - 9
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
A basic overview of the City's water system
can be found in Section 2. As indicated by
Section 7 of this UWMP, the City does not
expect to have a water supply shortage
through 2045. Furthermore, this UWMP
concludes that the City's water supply,
which are obtained entirely from the
Colorado River through the All-American
Canal, is resilient to droughts. Water quality
does have an occasional impact on the
volume of water supplied by the City, but
the City does make periodic adjustments to
its treatment process in order to treat all
water properly and meet State drinking
water standards.

This UWMP recommends that the City
implement water operation management
tools that maximize the use of local
groundwater production and decrease the
need for imported water. This UWMP also
recommends conservation tools that will
1-10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
enable the City's residents to conserve
water and maximize water use efficiency.

These are described in Section 9.

If the water consumption rates in the City
decrease as this UWMP projects, the City
can expect to have an adequate water
supply in future years. This is in spite of a
projected population growth over the next
25 years. Finally, this UWMP recommends
that severe droughts or sudden supply
interruptions be addressed by following the
criteria of the Water Shortage Contingency
Plan (WSCP), as described in Section 8 of
this UWMP.

Since UWMPs are due for revision every five
years, this UWMP is projected to be in
effect until the year's end of 2025. At that
time the City's 2025 UWMP will begin
development and adoption.

2.1 CITY AND WATER SYSTEM HISTORY
Currently, the City is a general-law City per
the State of California Govt Code § 34102.

Per the US Census Bureau, the City qualifies
as an "urban area", but current ly falls under
the "urban cluster" category which is a
Census category for small to mid-size cities.

The City operates under a City Cou ncil/City
Manager form of government. The City
Council consists of five (5) Counci l Members
elected to overlapping four-year terms. The
Mayor and Mayor Pro-Tern are chosen from
among the elected City Council Members,
and rotate on an annual basis. The City
Manager, who serves on behalf of the City
Council, runs the day-to-day operations of
the City. Under the City Manager's general

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
c
0 ·-'tJ
cu
V')
2020

SERVICE AREA

DESCRIPTION
The City's Water
Service Area
comprises about
5,400 acres or 8.4
square miles.
oversight, the City's Director of Public Works
runs the Public Works Department, which
includes the City's Water and Sewer Division.

The City's Water Division performs all
activities related to the water system.

2.1.1 Early Stages
The City of Calexico was founded as a tent
city by the Imperial Land Company in 1899,
and was incorporated in 1908. The Imperial
Land Company laid out the towns of
Calexico, Heber, Imperial, and Brawley as
well as Mexicali. The Imperial Land Company
was essentially a land colonization company,
working in conjunction with the Cal iforn ia
Development Company to provide the
workforce to develop the region into a
productive year-round agriculture land.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 -1
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 2.1: City of Calexico (Early 1900s}
In the early days of the Imperial Valley, water
was imported by rail from Coachella Valley,
severely limiting habitation in the area. The
initial efforts for the Imperial Valley canal
system began as early as 1859, but did not
materialize in part due to the Civil War and
funding needs. When it became known that
the area was going to be developed, many
people moved into and bought property in
the Imperial Valley. Five townsites were
surveyed (including the City of Calexico). The
formation of the California Development
Company in 1894, and the establishment of
its headquarters near the border with
Mexico, helped paved the way for settlers to
begin forming in Calexico. The California
Development Company helped fund the
construction of the initial canal (the Imperial
Canal), through the assessment of shares to
landowners in mutual water companies,
assuring their rights to delivery of water to
their parcels, and raising money for the
construction of the canals. Thus, dredging
began in 1900 and construction on the first
canal (the Imperial Canal) was completed in
1901. However, after the initial construction
of the Imperial Canal, problems soon arose
with the canal's design which caused the
California Development Company to
become defunct. In 1905, flooding and silt
formation in the Imperial Canal allowed for
the entirety of the Colorado River to flow
into the Canal, flooding nearby farms and
leading to the formation of the Salton Sea. It
took nearly two years for the flooding to be
mended and for the Colorado River to return
to its natural formation. In 1908, the
California Development Company went into
bankruptcy and the Southern Pacific
Rai lroad received all remaining assets from
the company.
s e a . -!\.!Y:.

Figure 2.2: Colorado River Flooding in 1906
The initial development of the City and the
surrounding Imperial Valley region was due
in large part to the construction of the
Imperial Canal and the promise of more
canals to come. In 1903, the townsite of
Calexico was plotted and lot-lines were laid
out. With the Imperial Canal still providing
service to the Imperial Valley Region,
2 - 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
Figure 2.3: Calexico Border Crossing (1929)
in April of 1908, the City of Calexico formally
incorporated. Soon after, the City of Calexico
advanced steadily towards urbanization.

Starting in 1909, money raised by the
issuance of bonds provided the basis for the
paving of streets and concrete walks and the
construction of a water and sewer system.

With the dissolution of the California Land
Company, the City's continued growth over
the next several decades was largely tied to
the formation of the Imperial Irrigation
District.

The Imperial Irrigation District (llD) was
formed in 1911 under the California
Irrigation District Act to acquire the
properties of the bankrupt Cal ifornia

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Development Company. llD was formed as a
public agency, acquiring 13 mutual water
companies in the valley which had
developed and operated water distribution
canals. llD took over where the California
Development Company left off and was
involved in the planning and construction of
a replacement for the Imperial Canal. The
replacement, which was to eventually
become known as the All-American Canal,
did not immediately take place (due to
funding needs). Instead, the All-American
Canal's construction was tied into the funds
for the construction of the Hoover Dam,
which was authorized in 1928 as part of the
Boulder Canyon Project Act.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2- 3
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 2.4: Construction on One of the Branches of the All-American Canal (1930s) Construction of the All-American Canal
began shortly the approval of the Boulder
Canyon Project Act, and lasted through all of
the 1930s (see Figure 2.4 above) and into the
1940s. The length of construction was due in
part to the distance of the canal to urban
areas which made the transportation of
materials, equipment, and labor difficult.

The All-American Canal was completed in
1942 and helped sustain the Imperial
. Valley's growth as well as the City's
continued growth as an agricultural town.

Today, the Imperial Valley is one of the most
productive agricultural areas in the world,
with over 530,000 acres (800 square miles)
of highly productive farmland, thanks to
1,600 miles of canals and 1,400 miles of
drains, despite its arid climate. To this day,
land immediately surrounding the City has
remained an agricultural powerhouse.

Much of Calexico's recent growth, however,
can be attributed to the presence of the
maquiladora manufacturing plants across
the U.S./Mexico International Border in
Mexicali, Mexico. The maquiladoras provide
labor-intensive manufacturing services for
U.S. based industries and are becoming
more attractive to U.S. businesses trying to
remain competitive.

2.2 CURRENT WATER SERVICE AREA
The City of Calexico is located along the
border of Mexico and California within
Imperial County, approximately 117 miles
2-4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
east of San Diego, California and 56.1 miles
west of Yuma, Arizona. Mexicali, Mexico is
located immediately south of and adjacent
to Calexico. The City is bounded by the AllAmerican Canal and the UPRR Tracks to the west; Jasper Road to the North; East Rivera
and Central Drain Three to the east; and the
US-Mexico border to the south. The City's
total land area is 5,376 acres or 8.4 square
miles 5,211 acres or 8.14 square miles with
a Sphere of Influence covering an additional
area of 4, 773 acres or 7.45 square miles. The
City's Limits and Sphere of Influence are
shown in Figure 2.5. The City's water service
area comprises 100 percent of the
population residing within the City limits.

The City is a retail agency within the Imperial
Valley Watershed portion of the Lower
Colorado River Watershed, and relies
entirely on imported surface water from the
from the Imperial Irrigation District's (llD)
All-American Canal to meet the City's water
demand. The Imperial Valley Watershed is
outlined in detail on Figure 2.6.

Water Department staff read water meters
monthly for billing purposes, change
damaged water meters in order to keep
accurate accounts of water consumed by
customers, and tracks water imported from
the All-American Canal to ensure proper
delivery of purchased water and related
billing. The City's Water Department staff
are certified by the State of California to
UR ;/ N WA"ll'.11 MANAGEMENT PLAN
operate, maintain, and repair the water
distribution system and the City's wells.

The Water Department's key objectives can
be summarized as the following:
• Produce and meter water for billing
purposes
• Operate treatment, distribution, and
storage facilities
• Respond to water quality complaints
• Maintain and make repairs to all
components of the water distribution
system
• Comply with Division of Drinking
Water (DOW) regulations, including
laboratory testing
• Promote water certification and safety
training
Another component of the Water
Department's objectives is to lead and/or
assist in the planning, design, and
construction of the water system. This
objective involves duties that occur on an
infrequent, as-needed basis, such as
assisting with the preparation of Master
Plans and UWMPs.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 - 5
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMHff PLAN

2.3 LAND USE & ECONOMY
The City is one of seven (7) incorporated
cities located in Imperial County. Imperial
County encompasses an area of about 4,600
square miles or 2.9 million acres, and is
bordered on the west by San Diego County,
on the north by Riverside County, on the
South by 84 miles of the International
Boundary with Mexico, and on the east by
the Colorado River which forms the Arizona
boundary.

2.3.1 Current County Land Use Economics
According to the Land Use Element of the
Imperial County General Plan, which was last
revised on October, 2015. roughly one-fifth
of the total acreage in Imperial County is
irrigated for agricultural purposes, most of
which occurs in the area known as the
Imperial Valley. In addition, approximately
50 percent of the County lands are largely
undeveloped and under federal ownership.

The developed area within the Imperial
Valley represents less than one percent of
the total amount of land. Urban land uses
within the Imperial Valley consist of cities,
prisons, a military base, powerplants, and
industrial users. The Salton Sea makes up
approximately seven percent of the total
area ofthe Imperial Valley.

According to the Imperial County
Agricultural Crop & Livestock Report 2020,
about 494,679 acres or 773 square miles
were used for agriculture in Imperial County,
including acreage in both unincorporated
and incorporated County and multiple
cropping on individual fields throughout the
year. This value has
decreased by -6.29%
from the 2019 total, but
during the same period
the gross value had
increased by 0.53%,
reaching $2.026 billion.

Imperial County's
agricultural
component has
aided the growth
of urban
communities.

Overall, Imperial County's agricultural
production consists of more than 120 types
of crops. In addition, a number of feedlots
and dairies located in the County have
significant economic impact. In fact,
according to the Imperial County
Agricultural Crop & Livestock Report 2020,
Cattle ranked as the Counties top
commodity with a gross value of $427
million.

In addition to agricultural and livestock
production, the County has a substantial
manufacturing economy. According to
recent Census statistics for 2014-2015, total
manufacturing production is estimated to
be about $1.5 billion.

Table 2.1 on the following page provides
some basic statistics on current land use and
economy for Imperial County and the City of
Calexico.
2 - 6 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 2.1
Current Land Use & Economic Statistics for Imperial County and City of Calexico , Land: Total
Item
Land Area (sq. miles)
Land Area (acres)
Item
Agricultura l Land (acres)
Item
Developed Land
(Incorporated)
Developed Land
(Unincorpur<lted)
Item
Population
Item
Housing Units
Median Home Price
Owner Occupancy Rate
Item
Employed {16yrs +)
Median Household Income
Percent in Poverty
Item
Manufacturing
Agricu ltu re/Crops
Retail & Wholesale Sales
Imperial County
4,180 sq. miles
2,673,000 acres
City of Calexico

8.4 sq. miles
5,380 acres
Land: Irrigated/ Agriculture (acres)
Imperial County
530,000 acres
- - -
City of Calexico
1,460 acres (City Limits)
3,200 acres (SOI} - --
Land: Developed (acres) :

Imperial Count y
9,300 acres
8,754 acres
Population
Imperial County
189,000
Housing
Imperial County
58,500
$196,000
58%
Economy
52%
$48,000

22.0%
--
Economic: Production/Revenue
Imperial County
$1.47 Billion
$2.02 Billion
$3.30 Billion
City of Ca lexico
5,300 (City Limits)
3,000 (SOI)
City of Calexico
40,800
City of Calexico
11,000
$208,000
56%
City of Calexico
56%
$44,000

23.0%
City of Ca lexico
N/A
N/A
$850 Million
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 - 7
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM EN.i' PLAN

2.3.2 Future Land Development in County
The Imperial County General Plan, updated
October 2015, identifies urban areas
surrounding the incorporated cities of
Brawley, Calexico, Calipatria, El Centro,
Imperial, Holtville, and Westmorland. Per
the Plan, five (5) Specific Plan Areas within
llD's service area and one (1) outside of llD's
service area are designated for possible
development.

The Specific Plan Areas are shown in Figure

2.7 in this Section. Two of the Specific Plan
Areas will affect the City in some capacity
due to proximity. Namely, the Gateway of
the Americas Specific Plan and the Heber
Specific Plan. These two plans will
potentially add up to 6,500 acres of
residential, commercial, and industrial
development within only a few miles of the
City. In addition to the larger developments,
there are four (4) other smaller-scale specific
plans designated for possible development.

Some of these designated urban areas are
already in development. Some of these
designated areas could possibly be
completed in the near future.

Due to contractual restrictions related to
llD's Colorado River entitlement, total
farmable acres should rem ain fairly constant
with only possible minor fluctuations over
t he foreseeable fut ure. However, trends in
land use point to an increase in the
development of existing urban areas to
provide residential capacity for an increased
population (as is evident by the
aforementioned Specific Plan Areas). With
development of existing urban areas,
increases in service-infrastructure (utilities)
will follow. Even so, total urban land use in
the coming years will remain small in
comparison to agriculture land use within
Imperial County.

2.3.3 Current Development in City
The current City General Plan was updated in
September 2015 and contains the following
elements, as mandated by Government
Code Section 65302: Land Use, Circulation,
Public Facilities/Services, Conservation/Open
Space, Noise, Safety, and Housing. The
Calexico Land Use Element identifies that
land use within the City's limits consists of
five (5) major categories as shown on Figure

2.8 and as follows:

Open Spaces
Open Space land in the City's Land Use
Program and Zoning Map includes land as
follows:
• Open Space (New River)
• Open Space for Airport Expansion
It is anticipated that land currently designated
under the open space cat egory will remain
preserved (undeveloped), over t he course of
this UWMP planning period (through 2045).
2 - 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
Public Facility
Public Facility land in the City's Land Use
Program and Zoning Map includes existing
land already developed for the Public Uses,
such as City Hall, Schools, and Parks. It is
anticipated that land currently designated
under this category may undergo only mild
re-development through 2045.

Residential
Residential land in the City's Land Use
Program and Zoning Map includes land as
follows:
• Low-Density Residential
• Medium-Density Residential
• High-Density Residential
It is anticipated that land currently
designated under the residential category
will undergo moderate development
through 2045.

Commercial
Commercial land in the City's Land Use
Program and Zoning Map includes land as
follows:
• Commercial Highway
• Commercial Neighborhood
• Commercial Core Mixed Use
• Professional Office Buildings
It is anticipated that land currently
designated under this category will undergo
moderate development through 2045.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMt:l\IT Pl /\1\1
Industrial Uses
Industrial land in the City's Land Use
Program and Zoning Map includes land as
follows:
• Industrial
" Industrial Specific Plan
It is anticipated that land currently
designated under this category will undergo
mild development, accompanied by mild redevelopment, through 2045.

Specific Plan
Land designated as "Specific Plan" in the
City's Land Use Program and Zoning Map
includes existing, undeveloped land and land
currently in development as follows:
• Current Developments
• Pending Developments
• Planned Development
It is anticipated that land currently
designated under this category will undergo
substantial development through 2045.

Airport
Airport land in the City's Land Use Program
and Zoning Map includes existing land
already developed for the Calexico Airport. It
is anticipated that land currently designated
under this category may undergo only mild
re-development through 2045.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 - 9
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2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 2.2
City of Calexico Land Use Distribution
Zoning Designation Acres
Residential Zones
PUD Planned Unit Development
RA Residential Apartment
RC Residential Condominium
Rl Residential Single-family
R2 Residential Multi-Family
MHP Mobile Home Park
Total Residential
Non-Residential Zones
OS Open Space
CH Commercial Highway
CN Commercial Neighborhood
cs Commercial Specialty
IND Industrial
IR Industrial Rail Se rved
IL Industrial Light
BP Business Park
Total Non-Residential
Total Zoned Land
Other Land in City (Streets, Canals, etc.)
2 -10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
149
173
386
1,825
70 158
2,761
623
521
83 74
320
502
63 16
2,202
4,963
417
The City's Land Use Element is meant to
promote an orderly pattern of development
in the City, including the City's ability to
provide water service to the development .

2.3.4 Recent Developments
Alt hough the City rapidly expanded from
1990 to 2010, with the population more than
doubling during that time, the City has only
experienced mild development from 2010 to
2020, due in part to t he economic downt urn
from 2008 to 2012. The only completed
development in t he City since 2015 involved
one (1) apartment complex development
located in t he upper-center of the City,
known as Villa Primavera Apartments.

Figure 2.9: Villa Primavera Apartments
The Villa Primavera development was
completed in the fall of 2015 as an
affordable housing project. Besides this
development, only re-development of
existing developments has occurred in the
City since 2015.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

2.3.5 Planned Developments
Currently, there are several developments
planned within the City's water service area,
as listed in Table 2.3 below. Final subdivision
maps prepared for the projects have not yet
been submitted to the City, but it is
anticipated that construction will commence
on at least a portion of the projects listed
below.

Table 2.3
Planned Developments in City of Calexico
No. Development
1 *El Portal Subdivision
2 Las Palmas Modular Home Park
3 Las Praderas Apartment Complex
4 Gran Plaza Shopping Center Phase 2
5 Estrada Commercial Development
6 Mega Park
7 Hallwood Place
8 Town Center Industrial Park
Tot. Eight (8) Developments
It is anticipated that up to 15,000 persons
will be added to the City from these
developments. This amounts to about 770
million gal lons (MG) of water that will need
to be provided for these developments.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 -11
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
I
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 2.10: Recent Construction at the Calexico Land Port of Entry

2.3.6 Other Developments Near City
One of the key items affecting the City is the
expansion and modernization of the Calexico
Land Port of Entry (LPOE). This project is
being handled by the US General Services
Administration (GSA) and will be completed
in two phases.

Phase 1, costing $98 million, was completed
in September of 2018. Phase 2 is split into 2A
and 2B, and work on phase 2A is in progress.
2A has a fund of $191 million and has a
scheduled completion of Spring 2023.

Phase 2A consists of sitework, construction
of a new administration building, increasing
vehicle inspection area, expanding north and
south bound vehicle lanes, and adding a
secure employee parking area.

2.4 CLIMATE
The Imperial Valley area is an arid desert
with summer temperatures regularly
exceeding 100 degrees. The summer season
stretches from April to October, with
temperatures ranging from the mid- 80s to
the low-100s. The winter season stretches
from November to March, with
temperatures ranging from the mid-60s to
the high-70s.

With between 10-14 hours of sunshine a day
and less than three (3) inches of rainfall on
average per year, this desert area depends
2 -12 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
on Colorado River water to grow a variety of
agriculture crops and produce. The Imperial
Valley consists of predom inantly natural
desert and agriculture areas with small
urban area pocket s dispersed t hroughout
the Watershed. As satellite imagery
indicates, the All-American Canal and its
tributaries provides stark divide between
agricultural land and the natural desert.

Figure 2.11: Imperial Valley Landscape Contrasts
As mentioned above, annual rainfall in the
Imperial Valley averages less than three (3)
inches, with most rainfall associated with
brief but intense storms. The majority of the
rainfall occurs from December through
March. Periodic summer thunderstorms are
common in the region. Monthly historical

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
average precipitation and t emperatures
(based on data collected from 1904 t hrough
2010) is shown in Table 2.4 below:

Table 2.4
Historical Climate (1904-2010)
(www.wrcc.dri.edu)
Station: Calexico, California (041288)
Month Rainfall Avg Temp
(in)
January 0.42 53.1
February 0.35 58.5
March 0.22 63.4
April 0.07 69.4
May 0.03 75.65
June 0.01 84.45
July 0.1 89.85
August 0.41 89.05
September 0.24 83.1
October 0.24 71.85
November 0.21 61.3
December 0.42 53.15
Totals: 2.69 71.05
As the State of California has undergone a
several-year drought, rainfall has been lower
in the City over the past few years. Recent
ETo and rainfall data in the past year {2020-
21) indicate that rainfall has been lower than
the historical levels. Recent data from a
CIMIS climate station for the City is listed in
Table 2.5 on the following page:
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SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 2.5
Recent Climate Characteristics (2021)
CIMIS Station 87 (Meloland)
(cimis.water.ca.gov)
Month Rainfall ETo (in)
(in)
Jan (2021)
Feb (2021)
Mar (2021)
Apr (2021)
May (2021)
Jun (2021)
Jul (2021)
Aug (2020)
Sep (2020)
Oct (2020)
Nov (2020)
Dec (2020)
Totals:

0.65 0.06

0.03 0
0 0

0.01 0

0.04 0
0 0

0.79 2.66

3.87 6.27

8.09 9.79

9.67 9.29

8.52 7.52

5.18 3.12

2.45 76.43
As indicated by Table 2.5 above, rainfall
totals for all months (except for January) has
been lower than the historical levels listed
on Table 2.4 on the previous page.

2.4.1 Climate Change
The DWR Guidebook requires water
suppliers to include a discussion of cl imate
change in their UWMPs, specifically with
regard to Drought Risk Assessments (DRA).

Section 7 of t his UWMP provides an
overview of droughts. The Imperial County
Climate Change and Health Profile Report,
completed in February 2017, was prepared
to identify vul nerabilities and assets to
support local adaptation planning for
climate change and work with former
Governor Brown's Executive Order B-30-15,
which specifically addresses the need for
climate adaptation and actions that should
protect the state's most vu lnerable
populations.

Figure 2.12: Reduced Water Levels at Salton Sea
The overall strategy is embodied in reducing
carbon emissions, promot ing readiness for
climate impacts, and conducting research to
provide the best available science to guide
our actions. The Climate Change and Health
Profile Report seeks to provide a countylevel su mmary of information on current and projected risks from climate change and
potential health impacts. This report
represents a synthesis of information on
climate change and health for California
2-14 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
communities based on recently published
reports of state agencies and other public
data.

The California Adaptive Planning Guide
(2012) projects possible temperature
increases throughout the South Coast
region. By 2050, average temperatures in
the Colorado River hydrologic region could
increase by nearly 5°F. The annual number of
extreme heat days (with temperatures of
more than 105°F) could increase by 2050.

Simila rly, precipitation could decline by a
few inches per year by 2050. The Cou nty's
Climate Change and Health Profile Report
mentioned above lists eight (8) steps for
implementing the GHG emission-reduction
strategies. Among the 8 steps listed in the
CAP is water conservation. Due to the City's
reliance on surface water, the City is
significantly impacted by temperature
changes and droughts. Section 7 provides
greater detail of droughts and their impact
on the City's supplies.

2.5 POPULATION
According to the most recent population
figures from the California Department of
Finance (DOF), the current 2020 resident
population of the City is approximately
40,896 persons. Since the City's water
service area comprises 100 percent of the
population residing within the City limits, the
total current resident population served by

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
the City's water system is approximately
40,896 persons. This is approximately 300
persons more than the population total in
2015. Table 2.6 lists the City's recent and
current (2020) populations:

Table 2.6
City of Calexico Current Population
Y Service Area
ear Population
2015 40,620
2016 40,789
2017 40,884
2018 40,988
2019 41,032
2020 40,896
As indicated by Table 2.6 above, the City
population has been recently growing, with
a small dip from 2019 to 2020. Due to the
undeveloped land area in the City, the City's
population has been steadily growing since
the early 1990s. Over the past 30 years, the
City's population has more than doubled.

Most of this growth has occurred prior to
2010.

2.5.1 Population Projections
In spite of the slower growth rate in recent
years, the City's 2015 General Plan uses data
from the Southern California Association of
Governments (SCAG). The SCAG forecasts
used a more aggressive growth rate of about
3 percent. This growth rate is higher than
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 -15
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
recent years which has a moderate growth
rate of 1.1 percent. The only caveat to
SCAG's forecasts is the use of 2012 as the
base point to project to the year 2020, which
renders a population of 49,700 in 2020.

Since the current population is 40,896 (as
mentioned on the previous page),
adj ustments to the forecasts listed in the
City's 2015 General Plan must be made to
ensure accuracy of the population
projections in t his UWMP. Table 2.7 used a
growth rate of 2 percent to project the
population from 2025-2045 by looking at
different estimates from SCAG, the 2015
UWMP, and cu rrent population trends.

Table 2.7
Population Projections
-
Y Service Area
ear P 1 •
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
opu at1on
44,986
49,075
53,165
57,254
61,344
As the City continues to grow both in size
and significance, the City may likely
experience periodic spikes in the number of
daytime or short-term residents (due to
schools or daytime commercial jobs).

2.6 WATER SYSTEM
A basic overview of the City's water system
is provided herein. More information on the
City's water sources, water t reatment, and
water demands can be found in Sections 3
through 6 of this report. As this report is
more of a water-resource-management
planning document, it does not provide a
great degree of technical or engineering
detail on water system components.

2.6.1 City Water System Overview
Overall, the City's water system consists of
the following components:
• Raw Water Reservoir
• Water Treatment Plant
• Water Distribution Pipeline Network
• Water Storage Tanks
• Booster Pump Stations
A brief description of the City's water system
components is provided as follows:

2.6.2 Imported Water
The City's only source of water is raw,
untreated surface water (Colorado River)
from the Al l-American Canal. The Colorado
River water travels 80 miles from the
Imperial Dam down the All-American Canal
by gravit y. The City maintains a 42-inch
pipeline intake near the intersection of the
canal and the UPRR tracks on the westerly
side of the City. The 42-inch pipeline draws
2-16 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 2.13: City of Calexico 25 million-gallon (MG) Raw Water Reservoir the water from the Canal into the City's Raw
Water Transfer Pump Station Number 1. The
raw water is conveyed through a 30-inch
force main from Raw Water Transfer Pump
Station Number 1 to the 25 MG raw water
reservoir located adjacent to the Canal. The
water is stored in the reservoir for a period
of time before being treated at the City's
Water Treatment Plant.

2.6.3 Water Treatment
The City provides full Title 22 treatment at its

14.2 MGD Water Treatment Plant, although
its permitted capacity is 16.67 MGD per
State Water Resources Control Board
Division of Drinking Water Supply Permit
Number 05-14-02P-011. The water from the
City's 25 MG raw water reservoir is pumped
to the City's treatment plant at Pierce
Avenue by Raw Water Transfer Pump Station
Number 2 via a 1 mile long, 30-inch pipeline,
a distance of approximately one mile. The
Water Treatment Plant is located in the
southwest part of the City.

The plant consists of two clarifiers, "B" and
"C", with capacities of 4.2 MGD and 10 MGD,
respectively (see Figure 3.7). Coagulants
consisting of Aluminum Sulfate, Carbon, and
Polymers and disinfection chemicals
consisting of chlorine gas are introduced to
the raw water entering Clarifiers "B" and
"C". Clarified water flows from the Clarifier
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2-17
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Units to Filter "B" via a 48-inch gravity
pipeline, and then is directed t hrough
another 36-inch gravity pipeline to t he
Filtered Water Pump Station. The t reat ed
water is conveyed from the Filtered Water
Pump Station via a 30-inch force main to two
(2) steel treated water storage tanks. Treated
water is conveyed from t he Treated Water
Storage Tanks to the Distribution System
Pump Station via a 36-inch suction pipeline.

Figure Z.14: Clarifier "C" at City WTP
The Water Treatment Plant is also equipped
with Electrical, Control and Instrumentation
facilities for the various water plant facilities.

A SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) system integrates the various
controls and monitoring required for the
operation of the Water Treatment Plant.

2.6.4 Distribution System
The City distributes water to about 8,300
service customers through over a 103.5 mile
network of distribution mains ranging from
two inches to 30 inches in diameter. The
water system consists of only one pressure
zone which must be maintained by pumping
due to the flat topography throughout the
City. The water service area is shown in
Figure 2.5 at end of t his Section.

2.6.S Water Storage
The City maintains one (1) 25 MG raw water
reservoir located west of Pruett Road and
south of the All-American Canal. The 25 MG
raw storage reservoir has a native earth
bottom and concrete side slopes.

Figure Z.15: East Side Reservoir
The City also maintains three (3) abovegrade treated water storage tanks. Two of the tanks are locat ed at the City's treatment
plant site and one of the tanks is located on
the east side of the City. The two tanks
located at the treatment plant site have
capacities of 6 MG and 4 MG, and the "East
Side Reservoir" has a capacity of 6 MG, for a
total of 16 MG (49 acre feet) of treated water
storage available on a daily basis.
2-18 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 2.16: Raw Water Transfer Pump Stations Number 1 & 2

2.6.6 Booster Pump Stations
The City's water storage tanks are not
capable of providing minimum pressure
required of typical municipal water systems.

The current flow rate of the City's finished
water pump station is 18,000 gallons per
minute (gpm) {26 MGD). The discharge
pressure of the Distribution System Pump
Station is 62 pounds per square inch (psi).

The City of Calexico maintains and operates
a total of seven (7) booster pump stations
throughout its service area: two (2) raw
water pump stations, three (3) treated water
pump stations, one (1) backup treated water
pump station, and one (1) backwash
recovery pump station.

Raw Water Pump Stations
Raw Water Pump Station No. 1
Raw Water Transfer Pump Station Number 1
consists of a wet well and three (3) 7,000
gallon per minute constant speed pumps.

Raw Water Pump Station No. 2
Raw Water Transfer Pump Station Number 2
consists of a wet well and four (4) 4,700
gallon per minute variable speed pumps.

Treated Water Pump Stations
WTP Filtered Water Pump Station
The Filtered Water Pump Station atthe Water
Treatment Plan consists of a wet well and
four (4) 2,800 gpm constant-speed pumps.

Distribution System Pump Station
The Distribution System Pump Station
consists of four (4)-4,000 gallon per minute
variable speed pumps and a one (1) - 2,000
gallon per minute variable speed pump. The
maximum discharge flow capacity is 26 MGD
at 72 pounds per square inch (psi) pressure.

The average pressure entering the
Distribution System from this point is 62 psi.

Eastside Booster Pump Station
The East Side Booster Pump Station consists
of two (2) pumps; one at 200 horsepower (HP)
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 -19
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 2.17: Two (2) Vacant Pump Locations at Eastside Reservoir Pump Station and the other at 100 HP. Two (2) vacant
locations exist for future additional pumps.

The average pressure entering the
Distribution System from this point is 62 psi.

Backup Treated Water Pump Station
An emergency constant speed "back-up"
Distribution System Pump Station consists of
two (2) - 4,000 gallon per minute dieselpowered distribution pumps. The City maintains these two emergency diesel
pumps in order to ensure water supply and
adequate pressure in case of an emergency.

Backwash Pump Stations
WTP Backwash Recovery Pump Station
The Water Treatment Plant also includes a
backwash recovery pump station that
receives backwash water from the Filter
Unit, and consists of a backwash tank and
three (3) 280 gallon per minute constant
speed pumps.

2.6.7 Emergency Interconnections
The City does not have any emergency
interconnections with neighboring agencies.

The City also does not currently have any
transfer or exchange opportunities for water
supplies. There are currently no agreements
in place, however, the City can explore water
transfers or exchanges with neighboring
agencies when necessary.
2 - 20 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
····;···········.o::.::.:.:.::····· ····
Sphere of
Influence
I
r
Sphere of
Influence
-~- Ir:::= -1
11 :. ;r · -- 1
1 '~ r j r
Figure 2.5: City of Calexico Water Service Area Map

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Sphere of
Influence
Sphere of
Influence
I .
'
=
---- _:::-... --:::-
·-------
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2- 21
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

MESA UNIT
iii
I:.
"' c.
~
Salton City

WEST MESA UNIT
---

WEST MESA UNIT

IMP UNIT
IMP~LUNIT
• "llrt.1
Br I

IMPERIAL UNIT
lh1lllllllt
El mrro
¢tioccr ..

Mtn Mri1I
Gunnitry R•ngt

EAST MESA UNIT
City of Calexico
Figure 2.6: llD Service Area (from 2020 Imperial Valley Joint Watershed Sanitary Survey) 2-22 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
3 10 ETlt EE V LU:
0 ti N 7 ll

PILOT KNOB UNIT
I J I .. J -
Rlvarsld& Caunry
TIOI
.,,,,
....

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
P,,Ju
VC"rdc
LEGEND
_J
• I
• I
• J
Community Area
GovernmenVSpeclal Public
Industry
Recreation/Open Space
Special Purpose Fecility
Specific Plan Area
Urban Area
Community FaclllUea: Ill Holpital c College
M Museum
Figure 2.7: Imperial County General Plan Land Use Map (from Imperial County Official Website) 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2- 23
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
1 ---
,
~ I
J
• AP -Airport ISP ·Industrial Specllic Plan lDR - Low Density Resldenttal • CH - C'.Mlm<n:lal lti!lhW'1Y • PF - Pubhc Facllllies MOR· Medium Density R"5ldenllal CN • Olmm~al Neighborhood BP • Business Patt • HOR • High ~lty Resldeallal • CC - Commercial Core Mixed Use • OS-Open~ D RSP - RMldenllll Specfk Pf;in • 1-lnduslrial OS ·Open Space w{Airport Expansion Overlay - • • - aty Umlts Boundary Figure 2.8: City of Calexico Land Use Map (from 2018 Water Master Plan) 2 - 24 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
_I
L I
_
rt,,. ...... I
I
LEGEND:
• Short Term <5 Years
CD El Portal Subdivision Single Famlly
@ Las Palmas Mobile Home Pai*
@ Estrada commercial Development
@ Las Praderas Development
® Gran Plaza Phase 2
@ West End Port of Entry
Exhibit 2.2

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
• Mid Terin 5-10 Years
(!) Estrada Trust/Residential
@ Town Center Industrial Parle
@ El Portal Multl-Famlly
D Long Term 10-20 YearS
@) Mega Park (Scaronl)
@ Hallwood Place

RAW WATER CANALS
- - - - crrr LIMITS
11111111111111111 11 60UTHERNPACIFIC
RAILROAD .

Q
Future Development Projects The Holt Group, Inc. II
Figure 2.10: City of Calexico: Future Development Projects Map (from 2018 Water Master Plan) 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2-25
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
2020
2020 URBf\N WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY
2 - 26 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 2: SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION

~ iii

3.1 INTRODUCTION
This Section describes the current and
projected potable water resources available
to the City over a 25-year period (through
2040). As discussed briefly in Section 2, the
City of Calexico has been supplying potable
drinking water since the early years of the
1900's when water became available from
the Colorado River. The City of Calexico
uses only potable water to meet its water
needs, and does not have access to recycled
water at this time. The City's sole source of
water is the Colorado River, which is
supplied to the City via the Imperial
Irrigation District's (llD) All-American Canal
system, which runs through the City
adjacent to the City's raw water reservoir.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
c
0 ·-+"' u
(1J
V')
2020

WATER SOURCES
& SUPPLIES
The All-American
Canal system
(pictured) is still
the only reliable
drinking water
source for the
Imperial Valley
The City treats the raw water at its Water
Treatment Plant to meet state and federal
drinking water standards before distribution.

3.2 CURRENT WATER SUPPLY SOURCES

3.2.1 Colorado River Water Supply History
The Colorado River begins as far north as
Wyoming, with multiple tributaries from
seven States feeding the Colorado River's
branch system. The watershed of the
Colorado River encompasses 246,000
square miles, which is the seventh largest in
North America. Most of the river's water
source is produced during winter seasons,
with snow above 5,000 feet and rainfall at
lower elevations in the Rocky, Uinta, and
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 -1
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPllES
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
NEVADA
1 J
San Luh Rio Colora
BAJA.

CALIFO~NIA
UTAH
Figure 3.1: Colorado River Basin
SONORA
3 - 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
-
I

WYOMING

NEW MEXICO
iid ii
Wind River Mountains. The snowmelt and
rainfall occurring in and nearby these
mountains are the primary origination or
source point of the Colorado River's water.

Prior to the construction of major dams and
canals, the Colorado River dumped about

16.3 million acre-feet (MAF), or 5.3 trillion
gallons, of water into the Gulf of California
on an annual basis. The river is also
historically known to be very volatile, with
summer flows, known for their flood
potential, far surpassing winter flows by
margins of over 50 to 1. Historically, this
volatility was the cause of flooding concerns
for the areas lying within the floodplain of
the river.

3.2.2 Early Canal Systems
As mentioned in Section 2, the Colorado
River was tapped as a source of supply in
the early 1900s. The early canals were built
mostly by and for private land owners,
particularly for agricultural purposes. This
included the Alamo Canal (aka Imperial
Canal), which was the earliest major canal.

Built in 1900-1901, the Alamo Canal
connected the Colorado River to the head
of the Alamo River, and supplied water to
the Imperial Valley area. The majority of
that early canal was actually located in
Mexico. After some modifications were
made in 1904 in response to silt deposits
that restricted flow capacity of the Alamo

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Canal, modifications were made to the
Canal to increase the flow capacity.

Flooding of the Colorado River in the
succeeding years occurred, and the
improperly constructed improvements led
to the river's flows
being diverted into the
Canal, which then
flowed into the Salton
Sink and created the
The Salton Sea
was created
accidentally as
part of improperly
Salton Sea. The fixing the Alamo
flooding was corrected
and the Alamo Canal
Canal.
modified in 1907 to prevent future
incidents. Within a few years, the Imperial
Valley farmers formed the Imperial
Irrigation District to assume responsibility
and control of the Alamo Canal, and plans
for its replacement were soon underway.

3.2.3 All American Canal
The concept of an all-American canal
followed the footsteps of the Alamo Canal.

In 1912, Mark Rose, a pioneer farmer, went
to Washington, D. C., seeking funding for a
canal on his land in Imperial Valley's East
Mesa. In 1917, llD's chief counsel, Phil
Swing (who later became a U.S.

Congressman), successfully negotiated an
agreement between the US Bureau of
Reclamation (USBR) and the llD to
investigate the Imperial Valley's need for an
All-American canal. The early pioneers'
efforts paid off and the All-American Canal
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 - 3
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 3.2: Imperial Dam (Beginning of All-American Canal) was authorized along with the Imperial Dam
and the Hoover Dam by the 1928 Boulder
Canyon Project Act. The All-American Canal
was constructed by the USBR during the
1930s and, in 1940, the first water was
delivered to Imperial Valley. In 1942, the
All-American Canal became the sole water
source for Imperial Valley residents and
area farmlands.

Since its initial service began in 1942, the
80-mile gravity-flow All-American Canal still
retains its original route, which begins at
Imperial Dam about 20 miles northeast of
Yuma, Arizona. About 14 miles out of the
80-mile stretch run through sand dunes.

The Canal is a gravity-controlled system,
3 - 4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
dropping a total of 175 feet throughout its
path. About 23 miles of the Canal were
lined in 2009 due to seepage/water loss
concerns.

As a result of the gravity-flow, llD operates
a series of "Drops" along the path of the AllAmerican Canal to generate electric power.

This was allowed as part of the provisions of
the Boulder Canyon Project Act in 1928,
which called for local guarantees for
repayment of the construction costs for the
All-American Canal, among other projects.
llD recognized that the people of the
Imperial Valley could repay their share of
the construction loans as long as they were
given the right to use the power generate
~ ii
Overall length
Width
Depth
Total Drop
From Imperial Dam to
Siphon Drop Power Plant
From Siphon Drop Power Plant
to Pilot Knob
From Pilot Knob
to Drop No. 1

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 3.1
All-American Canal Summary

ALL-AMERICAN CANAL
Dimensions
80 miles
150-200 feet
7-20 feet
J 11s feet
Capacity
15,155 cfs
13,155 cfs
10,155 cfs
Diversion points
Yuma Project: Diverts 2,000 cfs through Siphon Drop Power Plant and other turnouts on the canal upstream from Siphon Drop.

Coachella Main Canal: Diverts 2,500 cfs at Drop No. 1, 20 miles west of Yuma.

Cost/Financing
$25,020,000
The All-American Canal was built by the USBR. The llD made semi-annual payments, as part of a 2020
SO-year contract ending in 1994, to the U.S. Government to repay the construction loan on the AllAmerican Canal.

Soil & Concrete
Construction
Unlined in mostly shifting silt and sand
Except for 23-mile concrete lined stretch.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 - 5
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 3.3: All-American Canal (Newly lined Canal on Left; Original Earthen Canal on Right) on the All-American Canal. Drops 3 and 4
were the first power-generating facilities
and were completed in 1941. Drop 2 was
installed in 1953, Drop 5 in 1982, and Drop
1 and East Highline Turnout hydro plants
were commissioned in 1984.

There are two major storage reservoirs along
the All-American Canal (the Offline Storage
Reservoir and the Warren Brock Reservoir).

The Offline Reservoir is located between
Drops 1 and 2 and replaced most of the
system storage lost by the lining of the AllAmerican Canal (the original All-American Canal between Drops 1 and 2 was lined and
converted into a 1,000 acre-foot Reservoir).

The Offline Reservoir began service in 2009.

The Warren Brock Reservoir was constructed
to capture excess water that would have
3 - 6 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
flowed to Mexico unordered. The Brock
Reservoir is located adjacent to the Offline
Storage Reservoir (above Drop 2) and has
two 4,000 acre-feet storage cells. The Brock
Reservoir began service in 2010.

3.3 "LAW OF THE RIVER" {WATER RIGHTS)
•The right to water from the Colorado River
is governed by numerous compacts, state
and federal laws, court decisions and
decrees, contracts, and regu latory
guidelines collectively known as the "Law of
the River." These documents apportion the
water and regulate the use and
management of the Colorado River among
the seven basin states and Mexico. A
summary of the court decisions is as
follows:

Colorado River Compact (1922):

An interstate agreement giving each basin
perpetual rights to annual apportionments
of 7.5 million acre-feet (MAF) of Colorado
River water to the States of Arizona,
California, and Nevada.

Boulder-Canyon Project Act (1928)
Further defined the lower basin's 7.5 MAF
apportionment split, with an annual
allocation of 2.8 MAF to Arizona, 4.4 MAF
to California, and 0.3 MAF to Nevada.

CA Seven Party Agreement (1931)
Prioritized California water rights of 4.4
MAF, with agricultural entities using 3.85
MAF of that total. The remaining priorities
are defined for years in which the Secretary
declares that excess waters are available.

Arizona v. California {1964 & 1979}
The 1964 decision defined Arizona's rights
to the Colorado River and paved the way for
the Central Arizona Project. The 1979
decision addressed Present Perfected Rights
(PPRs) previously mentioned in past
agreements. These rights are entitlements
essentially established under state law, and
have priority over later contract
entitlements.

CO River Basin Project Act (1968}
Authorized projects in both the upper and
lower basins, including the Central Arizona
Project (CAP) in 1968. The act made the

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
priority of the CAP water supply
subordinate to California's apportionment
in times of shortage.

Quantification Settlement Agreement (2003}
The Quantification Settlement Agreement
(QSA) settles disputes among the United
States, the State of Ca lifornia, Imperial
Irrigation District (llD), Metropolitan Water
District (MWD), Coachella Valley Water
District (CVWD) and the
San Diego County Water
Authority (SDCWA). The
agreements resolve, for
a period of 35 to 75
years, issues regarding
the reasonable and
The 2003 QSA
affirms rights of

3.1 MAF per
year to 110 for
35 to 75 years
beneficial use of Colorado River water; the
ability to conserve, transfer and acquire
conserved Colorado River water; the
quantification of Priorities 3 and 6 (CA
Seven Party Agreement) within California
for the use of Colorado River water; and the
duty to implement and fund environmental
impact mitigation related to the above.

As a result of the QSA and Related
Agreements, llD will be able to more
efficiently deliver Colorado River water to
the Imperial Valley. Imperial Valley water
users will be able to more effectively
irrigate their farms, thus preserving
Imperial Valley water rights and agricultural
output, with costs and impacts
compensated by the payments to llD for the
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN 3 - 7
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 3.2
llD's Water Rights and Obligations
CVWD
MWDl
SDCWA2
SDCWA3
SLR 4
Misc. & Indian
Benefit of MWD/SDCWA 6
llD
conserved water. llD will face minimum
future risk from challenges to the purpose
or reasonableness of llD's water use, and
thus enable the Imperial Val ley to rely upon
the large senior Colorado River water rights
llD possesses.

In short, the QSA and Related Agreements
provide the methods and the means to
allow llD to elevate its Colorado River water
use to efficient 21st Century standards and
ensure its continued availability.

3.4 llD's Water Rights
llD has a longstanding right to import
Colorado River water, and holds legal title
to all its water and water rights in trust for
Lake Havasu 110,000
Lake Havasu 56,200
Lake Havasu 200,000
Various 16,000
Various 11,500
Lake Havasu 145,000
Imperial Dam Remainder
(2,458,300}
landowners and water users within llD's
service area. With execution of the
QSA/Transfer Agreements, llD's Priority 3(a)
consumptive use was capped at 3.1 MAFY
for the 45-year term of the 110/SDCWA
transfer agreement, with possible extension
for an additional 30 years. Apportionment
of Colorado River water to California
signatories is contained in the Colorado
River Water Delivery Agreement: Federal
QSA for purposes of Section S(b) Interim
Surplus Guidelines (CRWDA).

Under the terms of the QSA's Delivery
Agreement, the Secretary of the Interior
shall deliver llD's Priority 3(a) consumptive
use entitlement as shown in Table 3.2
above.
3 - 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 3.4: City of Calexico's 25 MG Raw Water Reservoir The 3.1 MAFY cap and the water efficiency
conservation and transfer programs present
unique chal lenges as data prior to 2003
QSA/Transfer Agreements cannot always be
compared or averaged as some data is absent
and additional data requires rectification or
benchmarking. Nevertheless, as a result of
the QSA/Transfer Agreements, llD will be
able to more efficiently deliver Colorado
River water to the Imperial Valley. Imperial
Valley agricultural water users will be able to
more efficiently use their irrigation water;
thus, preserving Imperial Valley agricultural
output while reducing their use of Colorado
River water. The voluntary on-farm
efficiency conservation program will
financially compensate participants for the
water they conserve.

3.4.1 110 Equitable Distribution Plan
In 2007, llD adopted the Equitable
Distribution Plan (EDP) to manage its
Colorado River water supply-its sole source
of water for the entire Imperial Valley. The
EDP was adopted in response to the stillongoing drought in the Colorado River basin. The EDP was adopted in accordance
with llD's duty under Water Code section
22252 to distribute water "equitably as
determined by the board". The EDP has
been revised several times, most recently in
October 2013. The revised EDP included a
hybrid method of apportionment that had a
historical use component and a straight-line
component. The original and revised EDP
·has served llD three (3) primary purposes:
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 - 9
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
1) Satisfies llD's responsibility to equitably
distribute water to all water users.
2) Provides a water budget for customer
planning to prevent overruns, facilitate
water conservation and reduce
potential waste allegations.
3) Allows llD to meet QSA milestones within
California and on the Colorado River.

In preparing the EDP, llD acknowledges that
the owner of the Imperial Valley's water
rights is ultimately the people that llD
serves. The original EDP and the 2013 EDP
were prepared after intensive fact-finding,
publicly held workshops and exhaustive
deliberations. In spite of public outreach
efforts, in November, 2013, a lawsuit was
filed by an Imperial Valley landowner and
farmer (Michael Abatti), challenging the
EDP was filed in Imperial County Superior
Court. In August 2017, the Imperial County
Superior Court issued a statement of
decision in the case, invalidating llD's EDP
and mandating its repeal. llD appealed the
decision in September, 2017. llD's appeal
was followed by a cross-appeal in October,
2017. The appeal were filed in the Fourth
District Court of Appeals in San Diego.

In January, 2018, the appellate court issued
two orders, denying both Abatti's and llD's
writs. The net effect of the appellate court
orders is that there is no stay and the court
is not directed to pursue any enforcement
3 -10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
of its writ of mandate and judgment. llD's
board followed with a resolution repealing
the EDP in February, 2018. The Fourth
District Court of Appeals issued a final
decision in July, 2020, officially reversing
the 2017 decision by the Imperial County
Superior Court. Nevertheless, llD's EDP is
currently defunct.

In the absence of the EDP, llD water users
will not be limited by an apportionment of
water. However, all water users will
continue to be subject to the requirement
of reasonable and beneficial water use
standards. llD will
continue to be subject
to the subject to the

3.1 MAF annual
consumptive use cap
set forth under the
2003 QSA and the
rules of the Federal
Without the EDP,
/ID water users will
not be limited by
an apportionment
of water.

Inadvertent Overrun and Payback Policy.

When llD takes action to reinstitute its EDP
will depend on where the litigation goes
next, but when it does act, equity among all
water users will be the llD's overriding goal.

3.4.2 llD's Distribution of Supplies
The Water Control Section of the llD's
Water Department is responsible for the
transmission of water through the main
canal system and its diversion to the
laterals for distribution to the users. Water
distribution is a complicated task that
involves adjusting check, delivery, and other
structures. There are approximately 3,400
check structures and 5,600 irrigation
delivery structures within the system.

Municipal water represents less than 1% of
the total water delivered. Although the
Imperial Valley Cities are developing, the
total municipal use is not expected to
change significantly in the next decade.

3.4.3 llD Distribution to City
Water is supplied to the City from llD's AllAmerican Canal through the Central Main Canal. The supply point to the canal in the
City is near the Southern Pacific Railroad,
where the City maintains a 25 MG raw
water reservoir. Although llD is paid for the
water supply to the City, the City is
responsible for providing the means of
intake from the canal. The City pumps the
raw water via a 42-inch intake pipeline and
stocks the raw water reservoir with water
for a short period of time (less than a
week). The total capacity of raw water that
can currently be supplied to the City via the
pipeline and reservoir system is 31.6 MGD
(35, 755 acre-feet per year to be exact),
which is a fraction of the total capacity of
the canal at that point.

3.5 CITY DISTRIBUTION TO CUSTOMERS
Although the raw water reservoir can hold
enough water to supply the City with about

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
a week's worth of water (during winter
months), the raw water reservoir acts as a
temporary holding tank as opposed to an
emergency supply source. That is, the water
in the reservoir is constantly being fed by
the All-American Canal while also feeding
the City's Water Treatment Plant. The City
pumps the raw water to its Water
Treatment Plant, located about one mile
south of the raw water reservoir, via a 30-
inch pipeline. The Water Treatment Plant is
capable of producing up to 14 MGD of
drinking water. After treatment, the City
pumps the water into one of three (3)
storage tanks.

The City has one finished water pump
station which maintains water pressure in
the City. The pumps have a combined total
capacity of 17,500 gpm or 24 MGD, and
ensure a pressure of about 62 pounds per
square inch (PSI). A total of eight pumps
transfer potable water from the storage
tanks to the City's distribution system. Also
as mentioned in Section 1, these pumps are
solely responsible for pressure in the City,
due to the City's flat terrain (i.e. no gravity
pressure). The water distribution system
includes over 75 miles of pipelines ranging
from two inches to 30 inches in diameter,
which supply about 8,300 water service
customers of various types.

A summary of the Cit y's water supply
network is summarized in Figures 3.5 to 3.7
on the following pages.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 - 11
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 3.5: Basic Breakdown
of City Water Supply
3-12 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
ii .,, . .,,,,,, __
~;i.tA
~~--·~-1~.I _L_ '1 ' Raw Water
Reservoir
1or:.i1t----.......
,!U'"'==-- -. ... l)flttd: 1"41-111..1«
: 12911.37.1 IDFllld; 13:121~10.1.:
-.

City Intake from
All-American Canal
Figure 3.6: All-American Canal and Branches in City

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
l IDF•kl:1JJOF.fUK
~Cll -:-1 l ,'""'" .......... ___ !
,r
~I
I
I
I
' '
East Side
~·~
. -· -----
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 - 13
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
-·
II
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
,---- l
I

RAW WATER RESERVCMR

RAW WATER

TIWISFERPUMP
STATION NQ, ZRAWWATER l'IW&t!R ~PS - 4 QA,70DGPMEA.

4.2UGO

CITY OF CALEXICO

WATER TREATMENT
PLANT
1--..... ~w~~_....~__. UF ~ ! l ? " c
tm ------4S"cw-------.

LEGEND
RW-RAWWATliA.

Ctf • CL.Ut•tm WATER
TW. 'JREAT£DWAT!R
0 • OfWNWATEft
WO· Mll..UCNOM..LONS
MOD • MILLION OAU.ONS PER DAY
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C-CNUICN
-:.ti--·NORMAL FlON
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NOTE: THE CITY OF CALEXICO WATER SUPPL V PERMIT NWBCR OS-14-02P-011 ALLOWS FOR A MAXIMUM TREATMENT CAPACITY OF 1U.e7 MGO HOWCVER; THE CAPAC11Y OF FILTER "B'" LIMITS THE PHYSICAL WATER TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY TO 12 MGD.

Tl'IE ACTUAL CALEXICO WATER TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY IS 12 MGO.

CITY OF CALEXICO WATER TREATMENT PLANT PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - FIGURE 3.2.3 NTS
Figure 3.7: City of Calexico Water Treatment Plant Diagram 3 - 14 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WArER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
EMD\OENC'Y BACIC.OP
DISTlllllV'na< SYSTEM
..-STATIOH
2 PUMP.!I 0 <.DOD GPU EA.
1 ~. ~J~TW1
~ OISTRISUT10N SYSTEM ~
, PUMPSTATION !l! ~ 4 PUMPS 0 4,DDD Gl'M EA.
1 ~Cll.OODGPM EA..
~~
:WTW
I
___ _j
CITY OF CALEXICOWAlER MASTER PLAN
'M>1Fl.oo9
QTY Of CALElCICO WATER TREATiro<T PlNfT
f'ROCESS 'Fl.<M lllACRAM • FIOJRE 3.2.3 DAT!?:OT-z<..2D'JS DR.tJ'TEll 8V1 F.O.

3.6 SUPPLY PURCHASES/VOLUMES
As mentioned previously in this Section, the
City's sole source of supply is imported
surface water (Colorado River) from the
There are no
contractual limits
with llD that limits
the amount of
water available to
the City
Imperial Irrigation
District (llD). Due to
llD's long-standing and
ample water rights,
there are no terms in
place which limit the
amount of water
available to the City
(except during water shortages as described
in Sections 7 and 8). As a result of this
arrangement with llD, the only limitation on
water supply is the production capacity of
the City's WTP. This Section analyzes the
recent and projected water supplies
available to the City.

3.6.1 Recent Water Supply Production
The llD Canal system is equipped with gates
and flow metering equipment which allows
llD to montior the flows diverted to the City
at City's 25 MG Raw Water Reservoir. The
City keeps track of the water supplies
provided from llD via the City's intake
pipeline, which is metered at the WTP.

Water production is recorded monthly by
City water staff and reported annually to
DWR. The City's records indicate that the
total volume of water purchased from llD
(treated at the WTP) over the past five (5)

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
years was roughly the same as the previous
five years (2011-2016), except for
fluctuations in years 2017 and 2018. Table

3.3 below presents the City's recent
imported surface water from llD for years
2016 to 2020 and compares them to years
2011 to 2015.

Table 3.3
Imported Surface Water Supply 2016 to 2020
--
Intake/Production
Year (MG)
2016 1,879
2017 2,608
2018 2,442
2019 1,829
2020 1,871
Average: 2,126
2011-2015 Avg.
{2015 UWMP) 2,070
As noted by Table 3.3 above, the volume of
surface water production was substantially
lower than the capacity of the City's WTP
(about 14 MGD). In 2017, the provisions of
Executive Order B-29-15 (25% Drought
Reduction) expired, which may have
resulted in higher demands in 2017 and
2018.

3.6.2 Projected Water Supplies
The provisions of the 2003 QSA secure llD's
water supplies for the next 35-75 years.

During the course of this UWMP planning
period (through 2045), it is expected that
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 -15
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
llD's water rights (3.1 MAF) will remain
intact. Except during severe droughts in the
Colorado River Basin which may trigger
contingency allocations (see Section 7), the
City water supply from the All-American
Canal is not limited. The only constraint to
the City's water supply is the City's own
water treatment capacity. As of this 2020
UWMP, the City's WTP has a capacity of

14.2 MGD. Thus, the City's projected
available supplies will be based off of its
current annual capacity (5,100 million
gallons per year (MGY) per year). Assuming
no expansions to the WTP, the City's
projected available water supply will be as
shown in Table 3.4 below:

Table 3.4
Projected Available Water Supply
Max. Avail. Supply Likely Available
Year (Max. Production) (80%. Production)
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
(MG~ (MG~
5,100
5,100
5,100
5,100
5,100
4,080
4,080
4,080
4,080
4,080
Although the supply volumes shown above
are roughly twice the current demand
(2,100 MGY), it is reasonable that the City
will expand its WTP (or add a 2nd treatment
plant) over the course of this UWMP
planning period (2045). Thus, the future
available water production capacity will
exceed the current capacity of 14 MGD.
3-16 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGMENTPLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES

3.7 RELIABILITY OF SUPPLIES
The reliability of water supplies with regard
to droughts is discussed in detail in Section

7. The reliability of supplies with regard to
irregular threats to reliability, including
catastrophic events or emergencies, is
discussed in Section 8.

3.8 PLANNED WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS
The City's Water Master Plan (WMP) was
recently updated in 2018. Section 4 of the
WMP listed several recommended
improvements to the City's water system.

The recommended improvements included
expansion of the WTP or the additional of a
second WTP near the East Side Reservoir.

The 2018 WMP recommended the City
prepare preliminary design reports (PDRs),
which will help further study the feasibility
of each alternative. Other than these two
options, the City does not have plans for
other sources of water supply.

3.9 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES
This section provides an overview of
alternative water sources, including
groundwater, desalinated water, recycled
water, and transfers and exchanges.

3.9.1 Groundwater
The Imperial Valley Groundwater Basin is
located in the southeastern part of
California at the international border with
Mexico. The Imperial Valley Groundwater
Basin is a sub-basin of the Colorado River
Hydrologic Region. The basin is bounded on
the east by the Sand Hills and on the west
by the impermeable rocks of the Fish Creek
and Coyote Mountains. To the North, the
basin is bounded by the Salton Sea, which is
the discharge point for groundwater in the
basin. The physical groundwater basin
extends across the border into Baja
California where it underlies a contiguous
part of the Mexicali Valley.

The basin has two major aquifers, which
consist mostly of alluvial deposits. Average
thickness of the upper aquifer is 200 feet
with a maximum thickness of 450 feet. The
lower aquifer averages 380 feet thick with a
maximum thickness of 1,500 feet. The
aquifers are separated by a semi-permeable
aquitard that averages 60 feet thick and
reaches a maximum thickness of 280 feet.

The total storage capacity of the basin is
estimated to be about 14 MAF.

Recharge is primarily from irrigation return.

Other recharge sources are deep
percolation of rainfall and surface runoff,
underflow into the basin, and seepage from
unlined canals which traverse the valley. As
for seepage from unlined canals, the total
seepage from the All-American Canal and
from the Coachella Canal is estimated to be
over 2 million acre feet (MAF). Another
source of groundwater recharge occurs

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
along the lower reaches of the New River,
near the City of Calexico. As for surface
runoff, the principal surface runoff areas
are in the East Mesa and West Mesa, where
the surface deposits are more permeable
than in the central valley. As for underflow
into the basin, the primary underflow into
the basin is from Mexicali Valley to the
south and through the alluvial section
between the Cargo Muchacho Mountains
and Pilot Knob to the east.

Although the basin is unadjudicated and
there are no legal pumping limits currently
in place, the City does not pump
groundwater, due to the poor quality of the
groundwater. The groundwater is known to
be very saline, with historic TDS content
ranging from 498 to
7,280 mg/L in the
basin. Fairly recent
sampling from five
active public supply
wells show an average
TDS counts of 712
mg/L, with a range
from 662 mg/L to 817
mg/L. In other test
wells, TDS values
Although
groundwater
desalination is
possible, it is
simply costprohibitive due to
the extreme
groundwater
salinity.
often exceeded 2,000 mg/L. In addition to
the TDS concentrations, groundwater in
areas of the basin has higher than
recommended levels of fluoride and boron.

For these reasons, groundwater in the basin
is unusable for domestic and irrigation
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 - 17
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
purposes without high-cost treatment. Very
few water users pump water from the
basin, which leaves plenty of capacity for
pumpers willing to pay high treatment
costs. For the City, however, llD's supply of
surface water more than meets the needs
of those living in the City and the Imperial
Valley at far lower costs than groundwater
pumping and treatment. Thus, the option of
groundwater production is simply not
feasible for the City in the foreseeable future.

Groundwater Banking Programs
Groundwater banking programs involve
storing available surface water supplies
during wet years in groundwater basins.

Water would be stored either directly by
surface spreading or injection, or indirectly
by supplying surface water to farmers for
their use in lieu of their intended
groundwater pumping. During water
shortages, the stored water could be
pumped out and conveyed to the City
through pipelines, or through llD's canals (if
allowed), which would dilute the salinity to
a small degree. However, these options are
not attainable economically at this time,
due to the low-cost of Colorado River water.

3.9.2 Desalination
As the City is an inland agency and
therefore not located near the ocean,
seawater desalinization is obviously not an
option for the City. The only form of
3 -18 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGMENT PLAN
SECTION 3: WATER SOURCES & SUPPLIES
desalination
desalination
would be
(brackish
groundwater
or saline
groundwater). As mentioned in the
previous section, the option of groundwater
desalination is not economical feasible at
this time. If desalination of groundwater
becomes economically feasible in the future,
the City is open to the production and use
thereof either on a Citywide or regionalwide basis.

3.9.3 Recycled Water
Although the City has not used nor does it
foresee the use of recycled water for the
terms of this UWMP planning period, the
City acknowledges that recycled water
opportunities may be on the horizon on a
regional basis. Recycled water opportunities
are discussed in Section 3 of this UWMP.

3.9.4 Transfers and Exchanges
As evident by the previous sections, there is
only one source of water supply for all
agencies, urban and agricultural: the
Colorado River. Further, each agency is
supplied that source via the same system:
the All-American Canal. As such, agencies in
the Imperial Valley are unable to transfer or
exchange water supplies. However, as other
supply opportunities arise in the future (i.e.
groundwater or regional groundwater
desalination), the City will be able to make
physical transfers and exchanges as well as
agreements regarding water rights.

3.10 ENERGY INTENSITY OF SUPPLY
According to studies by the American
Society of Civil Engineers, the energy
intensity for surface water treatment
ranges from 1,400 to 2,300 kilowatt-hours
(kWh) per million gallons (MG), for most
agencies. According to llD's current
published rates for power, the current rate
per kWh is 11.41 cents ($0.1141) for
municipal service. Since the canals are
within close proximity to the City, this
enables pumping energy requirements to
remain low. Assuming an energy intensity
of 1,900 kWh/MG for the City, the typical
costs to operate the City's WTP are shown
in Table 3.5 below
Table 3.5
Estimated Annual Energy Costs for City's WTP
Kilowatt-Hours Cost ($) Total MG
(kWh) per MG per kWh Produced
1,900 $0.1141 2,100
Total Cost $455,259
The costs shown in Table 3.5 only include
energy costs to run the components of the
treatment components of the WTP. The

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costs do not include smaller miscellaneous
costs such as lighting, instrumentation, and
site security. However, since the treatment
components are the most significant
component of the total energy costs, these
costs shown in Table 3.5 provide a rough
idea of what is required do operate the
City's WTP each year.

Figure 3.8: Filtered Water Pump Station
Since the City does not have access to any
potable water sources other than surface
water from the All-American Canal, the City
cannot offset the energy costs required to
run the City's WTP. Even if the City had
access to water from a wholesaler, the costs
for imported water from a wholesaler are
typical ly greater than the cost to produce
water locally. Thus, the City plans to
continue to produce surface water from the
All-American Canal.
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2020
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4.1 OVERVIEW
"Recycled" or "reclaimed" water is defined
as wastewater purified through primary,
secondary, tertiary, or advanced treatment.

Recycled water is acceptable for most nonpotable water purposes such as irrigation and commercial/industrial processes. The
Southern California region, from Ventura
County southward, discharges ·nearly 2
billion gallons of treated wastewater either
to the ocean or to permitted areas each
day. This is considered a reliable and
drought-proof water source that reduces
the region's reliance on imported water.

Recycled water will continue to be a critical
part of the California water picture because
of the area's high likelihood of drought. As

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RECYCLED WATER

OPPORTUNITIES
After years
without recycled
water, viable
opportunities are
on the horizon for
the Imperial Valley
Region.
technological advancements continue to
reduce treatment costs and as legislation
expands the use of recycled water, more
reuse opportunities should develop.

This Section describes the existing and
future recycled water opportunities
available to the City. The section also
includes estimates of potential recycled
water supply and demand through 2040 in
five year increments.

4.2 WASTEWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM
The City collects, treats and disposes of
wastewater generated in its service area
(City limits) at the City-owned Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in the
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SECTION 4: RECYCLED WATER OPPORTUNITIES
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
southwest part of the City (north of the
airport and south of the New River). The
WWTP treats not only wastewater flows but
also stormwater flows collected within the
City.

To convey wastewater flows to the WWTP,
the City currently maintains about 8,300
wastewater connections (sewer laterals)
which connect various properties to the
City's sewer system. The sewer laterals
co nnect to a sewer pipeline network of
The City's
wastewater
collection system
consists of 75
miles of sewer
mains and 16 lift
stations.
about 75 miles which
consists of pipes
ranging in size from 6
inches to 30 inches in
diameter. The smaller
sewer mains discharge
into one of two large
interceptor sewer
mains, which then
carry the wastewater flows to the City's
wastewater treatment plant. The South
Int erceptor serves the southeast portion of
the City whereas the North Int erceptor
serves the northerly and westerly portions
of the City. Due to the flat grades of the
City, the collector sewer mains have
relatively flat grades (minimum slopes for
sewers) and thus the Interceptor Mains are
relatively deep in some areas (up to 20 ft.).

Newer developments in the City have
resulted in the construction of small lift
stations in order to properly convey
wastewater flows to the Interceptors.

4.2.1 Wastewater Flows
Over the past five years (2016-2020), the
wastewater flows collected by t he City's
mains and treated at the WWTP are shown
in Table 4.1 below:

Table 4.1
Wastewater Flows Collected and Treated*
Vear Flows (AF) Flows (MG) '
2020 2,876 937
2019 2,937 957
2018 3,032 988
2017 3,054 995
2016 3,103 1,011
Avg: 3,000 978
*Based on measured flows entering the WWTP
On a daily average, wastewater flows
entering the WWTP are slightly more than
half of the WWTP's rated capacity (average
capacity). For instance, flows are typically
measured at 2.5 MGD, whereas the average
daily capacity of the WWTP is 4.3 MGD. This
extra capacity is not uncommon as many
developing agencies must design their
systems for peak flows and for future
development within their service area.

4.2.2 Projected Wastewater Flows
Although sufficient for the City's current
population and average flows, the WWTP
does operate close to capacity during peak
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Figure 4.4: Basic Breakdown
of City Wastewater System

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conditions. Thus, the City is cu rrent ly
planning for expansion of the WWTP in
order to be sufficient for build-out
condit ions. For planning purposes, the City
anticipates that future wastewater flows
can be estimated using the average
wastewater generated per person during
the past five years (about 70 gallons per day)
multiplied by the projected population
estimates. Table 4.2 shows the estimated
wastewater flows through 2045:

Table 4.2
Projected Wastewater Flows Collected & Treated
-
Year Flows (AF) Flows (MG)
2025 3,400 1,108
2030 3,850 1,255
2035 4,300 1,401
2040 4,749 1,548
2045 5,199 1,694 :=
Avg: 4,300 1,401
As indicated by Table 4.2, the WWTP
capacity will be unable to handle
wastewater flows possibly as early as 2030.

The age of the WWTP (about 40 years), is
another factor in the City's plans for
improvements to the WWTP.

4.3 RECYCLED WATER
The City's WWTP serves as the only
wastewater treatment facility for the City. It
receives raw wastewater from the
aforementioned Interceptors as wel l as raw
stormwater from t he City's storm drains
and produces secondary level (includes denitrification) treated wastewater. The overall process co nsists of:
• Pump Station
• Bar screen
• Mixing Vault
• Primary clarifiers
• Secondary clarifiers
• An aerobic digester
• Percolation-evaporation ponds
• Trickling filters
• Sludge beds
The WWTP utilizes two treatment systems
to provide the secondary treatment. The
first is an activated sludge treatment
system with a design capacity of 2.5 MGD.

The second is an aerated lagoon treatment
system with a design capacity of 1.8 MGD.

Combined, these treatment systems
provide a capacity of 4.3 MGD. Ultimately,
all wastewater is passed through
preliminary, primary, and secondary
treatment before being disinfected and
discharged to the New River.

4.3.1 Treatment Process
Influent flow is split at the diversion
structure to the individual treatment trains.

All influent flow passes through preliminary
treatment, which consists of a mechanical
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Figure 4.1: City Wastewater Treatment Plant and Percolation Ponds - Looking South Figure 4.2: City Wastewater Treatment Plant and Percolation Ponds - Looking West 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 4 - 5
SECTION 4: RECYCLED WATER OPPORTUNITIES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
bar screen, manual bypass bar screen, and
aerated grit chamber. The bar screens
remove or filter out the larger obstructions
whereas the grit chamber remove the
smaller, denser/hard material to settle at
the bottom using a unique flow pattern.

Lighter organic material that remains in
suspension is then directed to the two
primary clarifiers which are operated in
parallel. The clarifiers essentially work to
remove the diluted and dense impurities
from the water to settle at the bottom
(sludge), while also causing the lighter
materials to float at the top (scum). This is
done using chemical and mechanical means.

After the clarifiers, wastewater is then
stabilized in either the 1) activated sludge
treatment system or 2) the aerated lagoon
treatment system.

The activated sludge treatment system
consists of three aeration basins which are
operated in parallel. Wastewater is then
directed through three secondary clarifiers
operated in parallel. The second treatment
system, the aerated lagoon treatment
system, consists of four lagoons operated in
series. Following treatment in the individual
treatment systems, wastewater is
combined and disinfected by an ultraviolet
(UV) disinfection system before being
discharged to the New River.

As for the primary sludge separated from
the wastewater generated in the primary
clarifiers, the sludge is pumped to two
anaerobic digesters for stabilization. As for
the secondary sludge generated from the
two of the three secondary clarifiers, it is
also pumped to the anaerobic digesters for
stabilization. After stabilization, the primary
and secondary sludge is discharged from
the two anaerobic digesters to fourteen
sludge drying beds. Digested sludge is dried
in the drying beds prior to removal and
eventual application in Dateland, Arizona.

4.3.2 Recycled Water Production
The WWTP currently provides only
secondary treatment, and the treated
wastewater does not meet Title 22
Standards. Further, the City does not use
any recycled water produced by any other
agencies. Thus, no wastewater is "recycled"
(i.e. re-used) within the City's service
boundary, as Table 4.3 indicates:

Table 4.3
Recycled Water Production and/or Use
Year Recycled Water
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Produced or Used (AF)
0 0
0 0
0 As projected in the City's 2015 UWMP, no
recycled water was produced or used in the
last five years. The treated wastewater is
discharged into New River or 110 drainage
canals until it reaches the Salton Sea.
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SECTION 4: RECYCLED WATER OPPORTUNITIES

4.3.3 Projected Recycled Water Use
As indicated in the previous section, the
City neither produces itself nor uses
recycled water produced by any other
agencies within its service area, as there are
no other producers of recycled water.

Furthermore, the City does not anticipate
the production or use of recycled water for
the foreseeable future, due to financial
reasons. Recent City estimates put recycled
water infrastructure costs (pipelines and
WWTP improvements) at over $500 per AF.

Compared to the City's cost to purchase
treat water from the All-American Canal
($177 per AF), it would simply be too costly
to construct and maintain recycled water
infrastructure. Thus, the City projects no
recycled water production and/or use for
the current UWMP planning period, as
shown in Table 4.4 below:

Table 4.4
Projected Recycled Water Production and/or Use
Year Recycled Water
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
Production/Use (AF)
0 0
0 0
0 It is important to note that Table 4.4 above
reflects tertiary treated wastewater only.

That is, the City does not project that any
recycled water will be made available to

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
offset potable water use. However, the City
will treat wastewater to secondary
standards, before discharging into the New
River. Despite the projected non-use of
recycled water from an economic
standpoint, there are no physical barriers or
constraints which would cause the
construction of recycled water facilities to
be unfeasible. In fact, from an engineering
and construction standpoint, the City's flat
grades would allow for a feasible design of
pipelines and WWTP expansion to provide
Title 22 water ("tertiary recycled water"). In
addition, the WWTP is within reasonable
distance to open spaces and industrial
facilities which would be able to receive
recycled water. If the funding for WWTP
improvements and pipeline infrastructure
was covered by developers and an
agreement was in place for the use of
recycled water, the City would then be able
to provide recycled water to existing
potential users and future potential users.

4.3.4 Potential Recycled Water Use
Potential RW Options in /ID Service Area
Since the QSA has been approved, recycled
water may become more of a feasible
option for new industry within the Imperial
Valley, provided that the funding be
provided by the energy developers.

Additionally, llD has identified in its 2012
IRWMP options for constructing recycled
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water faci lities, including a regional facility
and also individual facilities at each of the
major cities in the Imperial Val ley (Brawley,
Calexico, El Centro, & Imperial). The IRWMP
listed three types of sub-options for the
individual facilities, including 1) Disinfected
Secondary applied to Agricu lture, 2) Tertiary
Water applied to the local market, and 3)
Tertiary Water applied to All-American
Canal.

Figure 4.3: Agricultural Irrigation
llD's IRWMP then looked at three options
for use of a regional facility. The IRWMP
concluded that two of the three regional
options (Tertiary Water to the All-American
Canal) were within the cost limits of the
study, and recommended that the options
be studied further. Thus, as of this 2015
UWMP, it is reasonable to expect that llD
may develop recycled water to replenish
the All-American Canal in the not-toodistant future (potentially within the planning period of this UWMP -2040).

Potential RW Options in City
The costs of the recycled water options
listed for the City of Ca lexico in II D's IRWMP
were as follows:
• Disinfected Secondary to Agricultu re:

Capital costs of about $6.8 million and
annual O&M costs of about $540,000
for a total of about $165 per AF
• Tertiary to Local Market:

Capital costs of about $44 million and
O&M Costs of about $700,000 for a
total of about $970 per AF
• Tertiary to All-American Canal
Capital costs of about $25 million and
O&M Costs of about $610,000 for a
total of about $620 per AF
Potential RW Users in City
A recycled water master plan has not been
prepared for the City to date, and the City
has not made a formal identification of
potential recycled water users. However,
typical potential recycled water users
include the following:
• Landscape Users (parks, sports fields)
• Industrial Users (manufact uring)
• Energy/Power Production
The City already has plenty of large
landscape customers as well as industrial
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SECTION 4: RECYCLED WATER OPPORTUNITIES
customers, so there would theoretically be
existing customers already available to
purchase recycled water if and/or when
recycled water infrastructure is in place.

More specifically, the City will be able to
identify existing or future potential recycled
water users through the following means:
• Existing water consumption records
(determine high volume users of water)
• Existing company manufacturing data
(to determine if the type of manufacturing
can use recycled water)
• Land use maps (2015 General Plan)
• Development Plans (2015 General Plan)
To help identify potential users of recycled
water, the City has been and will be
participating in llD's Water Forums and
workshops. Collectively, llD can help the
City identify its own potential recycled
water users and in turn, the City can
research and provide llD with refined data.

4.4 ENCOURAGING RECYCLED WATER USE
As the City's WWTP is about 40 years old,
the City is considering expansion and
rehabilitation of the WWTP in the near
future. The City is open to discussions with
future developers and industry leaders

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regarding upgrades to the WWTP for
recycled water production; provided the
cost of such improvements are covered by
the developer and an agreement is in place
for the purchase of recycled water
throughout the life of the recycling facility.

At this time, however, there are no current
methods or financial incentives to
encourage the use of recycled water. If and
when the City has the capacity to provide
recycle water, then they would consider
incentives to encourage and optimize
recycled water use. This may include:
• Outreach to general public
• Outreach to potential recycled
water customers
• Monitoring, enforcement and
training for recycled water use
• Temporary financial incentives, such
as free service for the first month
The exact methods will be developed as the
City's recycled water system expands. If the
City applies for outside funding to construct
recycled water infrastructure, the City will
need to also secure funding specifically for
the purpose of actively promoting recycled
water use.
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5.1 OVERVIEW
The quality of a natural body of water varies
over time. During periods of intense rainfall
or snowmelt, tributaries for surface water
can change, resulting in new constituents or
diluting existing constituents in the
receiving waters. Conversely, during times
of drought, contaminants may increase in
concentration without additional flows
available to dilute the concentration
contaminants. As groundwater levels rise
and fall, groundwater will pass through
different layers of rock and sediment and
will absorb different constituents from
those strata. Likewise, groundwater wells
that have not been utilized over long
periods of time can see water quality issues

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WATER QUALITY
The City's Water
Treatment Plant
(pictured) treats
raw water from
the City's raw
water reservoir.
resulting from stagnant water. In summary,
the quality of water changes over the
course of a time and location, and these
variables must be recognized by water
agencies. For these reasons, City of Calexico
monitors its imported surface water and
treated water for water quality as required
by State and Federal regulations.

This Section provides a general description
of the City's water sources, water quality
monitoring and reporting, and water
treatment of the Colorado River water in
llD's canals. A discussion of potential water
quality impacts on the reliability of supplies
is also provided.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 5 - 1
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2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.2 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

5.2.1 Federal Regulations
In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SOWA) to protect public health
by regulating the nation's municipal
drinking water supply. As part of the SOWA,
powers were given to the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate
drinking water. The
As part of Federal 1996 amendment to
EPA standards, the SOWA required
water agencies are monitoring of new
required to types of contaminants.
prepare annual Since the 1996
water quality amendment to the
reports. SOWA, the EPA has
identified over 90
contaminants in its National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) or
("primary standards"). The main categories
that the EPA identifies include biological
microorganisms, disinfectants, disinfection
byproducts, inorganic chemicals, organic
chemicals, and radionuclides As required by
the SOWA, water agencies must provide
annual Water Quality Reports to its
customers.

5.2.2 State Regulations
Water quality regulations have changed
since the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974.

Several state, regional and county agencies
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SECTION 5: WATER QUALITY
have jurisdiction and responsibility for
monitoring water quality. The actual
regulations on water quality have also
changed over the years. This is the result of
the discovery of new contaminants,
changing understanding of the health
effects of previously known as well as new
contaminants, development of new
analytical technology,
and the introduction
of new treatment
technology. All water
purveyors are subject
to drinking water
standards set by the
Federal Environmental
Protection Agency
(EPA) and the State
Water Resources
In 2014, the
State's drinking
water program
was transferred
from the Health
Department to the
State Water
Resources Control
Board.

Control Board (SWRCB). The California
Department of Public Health (CDPH)
previously oversaw the water quality of the
State's drinking water program and the
environmental lab accreditation program.

As of July 2014, those programs were
transferred to the SWRCB. Under the
SWRCB, the Division of Drinking Water
(DDW) regulates public drinking water
systems, including setting the maximum
contaminant levels (MCLs) and regulating
the operation of water systems. In addition
to the SWRCB, several regional and county
agencies have jurisdiction and responsibility
for monitoring water quality and
contaminant sites.

5.2.3 State Drinking Water Standards
The State of California has established two
(2) main types of drinking water standards:

1. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)

2. Public Health Goal (PHG)
MCLs are the drinking water standards to
be met by public water systems. The levels
set by the State consider a contaminant's
health risk, detectability, treatability, and
costs of treatment. MCLs are further broken
down into two (2) types:

1. Primary MCL - Health Related

2. Secondary MCL - Taste & Odor
Secondary MCLs are not federally
enforceable according to the most recent
SOWA amendments. However, they are
regulated by the State of California. Division
of Drinking Water (DDW) publishes a list of
Secondary MCLs, which include Copper,
Iron, and Zinc.

PHGs are established by the Office of
Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
(OEHHA). They are concentrations of
drinking water contaminants that pose no
significant health risk if consumed for a
lifetime, provided risk levels are not
exceeded. Public water systems sometimes
use PHGs to provide information about
drinking water contaminants in their annual

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water quality reports. PHGs are not
regulatory standards. However, state law
requires the California State Water
Resources Control Board (SWRCB) to set
drinking water standards for chemical
contaminants as close to the corresponding
PHG as is economically and technologically
feasible.

5.2.4 Local Standards
Under direction of the DOW, the Imperial
Irrigation District (llD) tests its water on an
annual basis at several locations along the
All-American Canal. The results are posted
on llD's website. Further, llD requires that
those who receive water from llD must first
treat the water before using it for potable
purposes (since llD only supplies raw water
via its canal system). llD enforces this of all
its customers, including the City.

5.2.5 City Standards
To ensure quality of its water, the City
conducts sampling and testing of water on a
weekly, monthly, and quarterly basis.

Testing is performed at several locations of
the City's distribution system, as well as at
the source (City wells). Results of the water
quality testing are listed in the City's annual
water quality reports (Consumer
Confidence Reports). The City identifies
both the categories and the concentrations
of contaminants when preparing its annual
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water quality reports. The City's water
quality reports since 2016 (a total of 5
reports), are posted to the City's website.

Figure 5.1: East Side Reservoir Chemical Room
The testing is conducted on several
parameters, including organic & inorganic
chemicals, bacteriological contaminants,
pesticides & herbicides, and radiological
contaminants. The City contracts with
certified laboratories to perform water
quality testing. The City's Annual Water
Quality Reports (also known as "Consumer
Confidence Reports") are filed with DOW
and released to customers. The annual
reports identify regulated substances
(Primary MCLs), secondary substances
(Secondary MCLs), and unregulated
substances (PHGs). The City identifies all
detected substances the annual reports. In
addition, the City tests thirty (30)
residences for lead and copper at-the-tap
every three (3) years. According to the
City's 2020 Annual Water Quality Report,
the results for this type of testing
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SECTION 5: WATER QUALITY
(performed in 2019) indicate that lead and
copper were not detected above the action
level (AL).

5.3 QUALITY OF WATER SOURCES
The quality of water delivered to the City's
customers is directly related to the quality
of the supply sources from which the City
obtains its water. Since the City's only
source of supply is raw Colorado River
water from llD's All-American Canal, the
quality of the City's water is directly related
to the quality of the Colorado River.

5.3.1 Salinity in Colorado River
The Colorado River System is naturally very
saline. At the USGS gauge below Hoover
Dam, roughly 9 million tons of salts have
been measured in the river each year since
the dam was constructed. The salts in the
Colorado River system are indigenous and
pervasive, mostly resulting from saline
sediments in the Colorado River Basin. They
are easily eroded, dissolved, and
transported into the river system.

Concern over salinity levels in the Colorado
River has existed for many years. To foster
interstate cooperation on this issue, the
seven basin states formed the Colorado
River Basin Salinity Control Forum (Forum)
in 1973, and, in 1974, Congress passed the
Salinity Control Act, which authorizes the
Secretaries of the Interior and USDA to
enhance and protect the quality of water
available in the Colorado River for use in the
United States and the Republic of Mexico.

Figure 5.2: Colorado River & Sedimentary Rock
In 1975, the Forum proposed, the states
adopted, and the EPA approved water
quality standards, including numeric criteria
and a plan for controlling salinity increases.

The standards require that the plan ensure
that the flow-weighted average annual
salinity remain at or below the 1972 levels,
while the Basin states continue to develop
their apportioned water supply. The Forum
selected three stations on the main stream
of the lower Colorado River as appropriate
points to measure the river's salinity. These
stations and numeric criteria are (1) below
Hoover Dam, 723 mg/L; (2) below Parker
Dam, 747 milligrams per liter (mg/L); and
(3) at Imperial Dam, 879 mg/L. The numeric
criteria are flow-weighted average annual
salinity values. According to recent reports
from the US Bureau of Reclamation,

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
average annual flows tested for salinity at
Imperial Dam were reported to have
concentrations of about 700 mg/L, a 372
mg/L increase over the estimated natural
salinity.

According to 2019 estimates, concentrations
of salts in the Colorado River cause
approximately $450 million in quantified
damages in the lower Colorado River Basin
each year. However, the salinity control
program has proven to be very successful
and cost-effective. Salinity control projects
remove over a million tons of salts from the
Colorado River water annually, resulting in
reduced salinity concentrations of over 100
mg/Las a long-term average.

5.3.2 Other Water Quality Concerns
According to a recent USBR study, salinity is
not the only water quality concern in the
Colorado River Basin. Other issues include
perchlorate contamination in both domestic
water and crop irrigation as well as
uranium.

Perchlorate
The perchlorate ion is water soluble and
environmentally stable. It has been found in
surface and groundwater in the Colorado
River basin, as well as some lettuce and milk
samples collected in the lower basin.
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Uranium
Uranium can infiltrate a water source either
directly or indirectly through groundwater
seepage. Due to past uranium mill activities
near the Colorado River, a previous 16-
million-ton pile of uranium mill tailings was
located that has the potential for
contamination. Rail shipment and disposal
of the uranium mill tailings pile from the
Moab site began in April 2009 using
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
2009 funding which helped to accelerate
initial cleanup efforts.

Figure 5.3: Uranium Tailings Near Colorado River
Through September 2020, the Department
of Energy (DOE) has shipped over 10.9
million tons of mill tailings to the Crescent
Junction disposal cell. DOE estimates
completing movement of the tailings pile by
2034, depending on annual appropriations.

Although uranium levels measured
upstream of the City are below drinking
water MCL levels, there is only limited
ability to remove uranium through
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traditional treatment, and thus mitigation
methods are crucial to avoiding uranium
contamination. In 2020, the DOE released a
strategy to revive and expand nuclear fuel
production which would be of interest to
MWD if projects are in proximity to the
Colorado River.

Biological Growth
According to llD Sanitary Surveys, it appears
that there is some correlation of high total
coliform between the various locations. It
also appears that the longer the water is in
the llD canal system, the higher the Total
Coliform counts. It appears that there is an
additional coliform source or that the
conditions support bacteria growth within
the llD canal system. Temperature is widely
recognized as an important controlling
factor in influencing bacterial growth.

Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Total Trihalomethanes (TIHMs). are
common disinfection process byproducts
that form when chlorine reacts with natural
organic material present in the source
water. Based off of a notice on the City's
website, dated July 24, 2020, the City of
Calexico Water Treatment Plant's water
system recently exceeded drinking water
standards TIHMs. While the City is required
to notify residents and customers of any
exceedance of standards, the Water
Treatment Plant staff confirmed with the
public that there is no immediate risk.

Although an increase of TTHMs was
detected, the water remains safe to drink
and use for cooking, bathing and cleaning.

The City is working closely with the
California State Water Resources Control
Board, Division of Drinking Water to resolve
the issue, and anticipates a resolution being
reached within 12 months of the notice.

Figure 5.4: Chemical Tank at City's WTP
Based on the available information, long
term consumption of TTHM in drinking
water above the MCL may increase the risk
of certain types of cancer (e.g., bladder,
colon, and rectal) and other adverse effects
in some people. The degree of risk for
these effects will depend on the TTHM level
and the duration of exposure. Consumption
of water with TTHM levels somewhat above
the MCL for limited durations, for example,
while corrective actions are being taken to
lower the levels, is not likely to significantly
increase risks of adverse health effects for

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
most people. Because some data indicate
that disinfection byproducts may increase
the risk of developmental effects, women
who are pregnant or may become pregnant
may wish to avoid consuming water
containing TTHM and other disinfection
byproducts exceeding the drinking water
standard.

5.4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING
The quality of water dictates the
management strategies a water supplier
will implement, including, but not limited
to, the selection of water sources,
treatment alternatives, blending options,
and modifications to existing treatment
facilities. A direct result of the degradation
of a water source, including groundwater, is
the need to install wellhead treatment
before consumption. That is, the poorer the
quality of the source water, the greater the
need (and cost) for treatment. This can also
decrease water supply reliability

5.4.1 2020 110 Watershed Sanitary Survey
The quality of water sources can be
negatively affected by development or
other human activities in the overall
watersheds which feed into those sources.

A Watershed Sanitary Survey is a document
that examines the potential sources of
contaminants in the watersheds and
includes recommendations for managing
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 5 - 7
SECTION 5: WATER QUALITY
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
"--._/
N
1:350,000
0 1.5 3 6 --==---Miies
I NlAlERAL
I LATERAL ... N
~ ~ ..J ..J CLATERAL ..J -'
~ ~ 6 LATERAL
Legend * llDTl'USim
CANAlS
- V:>1ucre or Pl~
--u·lh l\1lur•I

VAIL MAIN CANAL

WESTSIDE MAIN CANAL
Figure 5.5: llD Watershed and Sampling Locations
5 ~ 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 5: WATER QUALITY
I ULBERRY lATERAl
I

OSAGE CANAL

TOWNSHIP LATERAL
I. -----
!
w
z
:::;
:c
~ :c
.....
~
these effects. Per DOW guidelines, the
Watershed Sanitary Surveys are supposed
to be updated every five (5) years.

Figure 5.6: Filter "B" at City's WTP
On December 30, 2020, llD complet ed an
Imperial Valley Joint Watershed Sanitary
Survey (Survey) of the watershed that
provides water for the City of Calexico and
all Imperial Valley. The 2020 Survey is an
update to the 2010 Survey. This Survey
assessed the vulnerability of the Imperial
Valley Colorado River to potential forms of
contamination. The Survey concluded that
there were mitigation measures in place
which helped offset any potential for
contamination. Further recommendations
were made to ensure the water within the
watershed will be even more protected. For
the City of Calexico, the raw 25 MG
reservoir provides a means of mitigation
since water can be drawn from it if there is
a short-term contamination of the AllAmerican Canal. The latest llD Survey can provide t he City with a mea ns to assess the
potential for contamination of its own

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
water supply and make planning decisions
related to the management of
contamination.

5.4.2 Inspections by DOW
The City is subject to periodic inspections by
DDW staff every three (3) years. The
Sanitary Survey Inspection conducted by
DDW includes evaluation of the following:
l. Water Sources

2. Treatment

3. Distribution System

4. Finished Water Storage

5. Pumping Facilities

6. Monitoring & Reporting

7. System Management/Operation

8. Operator Compliance
In 2019, DDW staff inspected the City's
water facilities. The inspection revealed
that zero (O) deficiencies were found in the
City's water system.

5.5 IMPACTS OF WATER QUALITY
As indicated in the 2020 Imperial Valley
Joint Watershed Sanitary Survey,
contamination of the City's supplies is not
likely. Unlike many cities in California, the
City only has one source of water supply,
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN 5 - 9
SECTION 5: W ATER QUALITY
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
which actually helps to simplify the
management of water quality (i.e. no
direct-to-system groundwater supplies to
manage). Since all of this water is treated
and tested thoroughly, this helps ensure a
high-quality supply of water. Thus, the City
does not anticipate water quality affecting
water supply.

As a result of the City's water quality
policies, the City has not experienced any
water quality issues that would affect water
supplies. Surface water in the basin has
been of high quality, except for the
5 -10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 5: WATER QUALITY
exceedance of TTHMs, as previously
mentioned. The City's 2020 Consumer
Confidence Report (CCR) is provided in the
Appendix of this UWMP. This report shows
that more than 314 chemicals were tested
at the Water Plant and Distribution System,
and none were detected at levels higher
than the MCL. supplies and meet the water
needs of the City. Since the City's water is
monitored and treated properly, this helps
ensure a high-quality supply of water. Thus,
the City does not anticipate water quality
affecting water supplies during the planning
period of this UWMP (2045).

6.1 OVERVIEW
As a developing City, water consumption is
subject to significant change from year to
year. Further, water use within the City's
service area is also variable over the course
of a given month or climate conditions. This
section explores the water usage trends
within the City and quantifies total water
usage per customer type. In addition, the
provisions of Senate Bill x7-7 (Water
Conservation Act) are explored in detail.

6.2 RECENT WATER USE CHANGES
As a result of the Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19) Pandemic, Commercial and
Institutional water use has declined. On

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
c
0 ·.p
u
QJ
V')
2020

WATER USE
The City's service
area includes four
(4) main sectors of
customers, the
largest of which is
the residential
sector.

March 19, 2020, an Executive Order
and Public Health Order directed all
Cal ifornians to stay home, except to go to
an essential job or to shop for essential
needs. It was then modified on May 4,
2020. The Regional Stay Home Order,
announced December 3, 2020, triggered
additional restrictions after a region was
announced to have less than 15% ICU
availability. It prohibited private gatherings
of any size, closed sector operations except
for critical infrastructure and retail, and
required 100% masking (with certain
exceptions as indicated in guidance for use
of face coverings) and physical distancing.

The Regional Stay Home Order was lifted
January 25, 2021. During his 2021 State of
the State Address Governor Gavin Newsom
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 ~ 1
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
reported that California has administered
nearly eleven (11) million doses of the
vaccine, and that the State was well on its
way to seeing an end to this pandemic.

The State Water Resources Control Board -
Division of Drinking Water (DDW) has
stated that the public water systems (PWS)
operations are designated as essential
functions and staff and suppliers are not
restricted by any current orders. This has
allowed for water system operators and
maintenance workers to successfully keep
the PWS providing safe and clean drinking
water to their customers.

The full extent of impacts of the coronavirus
pandemic on the water sector are still
emerging, but one area that has come to
the forefront is the effec:_t on municipal
water demand. Available data indicate that
residentia l water demand has increased
Covid-19 has
impacted
residential and
commercial
water use.
while non-residential
demand has decreased.

In San Francisco,
California, residential
demand increased by
ten (10) percent, while
non-residential demand
declined by 32 percent. Residential
communities have experienced either
modest increases or small decreases in
water use. Utilities where total water use
has declined during the coronavirus
pandemic have seen a drop in revenue.
6 - 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE
However, as more businesses reopen and
implement new hygiene and disinfection
practices, water use is expected rise.

6.3 CURRENT CITY WATER NEEDS
As discussed in Section 2, the City is an
expanding urban area, with a population
that has more than doubled in the past 30
years. Due to industrial manufacturing in
Mexicali, the City has seen an influx of new
residents and the construction of new
housing developments, primarily in the
northeasterly part of the City. The City's
Land Port of Entry (LPOE) was also recently
renovated in 2018 to account for the
growth of the City and the Imperial Valley.

Figure 6.1: New Calexico Land Port of Entry
In addition, the City has also seen a slight
increase in household densities. One
example being the restored Hotel De Anza,
which in 1997 was converted to a
residential and office complex (Figure 6.2).

As a result of this trend, the City
constructed the Eastside Reservoir in 2008.

Figure 6.2: Hotel De Anza
To be able to serve the needs of its service
area, the City's water system must be
equipped for wide fluctuations of water
demands, including daily peaks in demands
and seasonal increases in demands. As an
arid desert community, water usage during
hot summer months can be up to twice the
typical water usage during winter months.

Thus, to adequately meet water needs, the
City's water system must be designed for
peaks during summer months, not simply
peaks during winter months. Since the City
does not experience an influx of seasonal
residents, and most water service
connections are active accounts (i.e. vacant
vacation homes are not common), future

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
' design capacities of water infrastructure
should be based off of the City's existing
and future residents.

6.4 CLIMATE IMPACTS ON WATER USE
California faces changes in water use habits
due to a variety of issues including
population growth, regu latory restrictions
and climate change (inclu ding the recent
severe drought of 2011-2016). More
specifically, weather unpredictability (more
extreme drought and flood events) poses
additional challenges to water agencies, not
only due to impacts on water supplies but
also due to impacts on water demands.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 - 3
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
' 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
During and since the preparation of the
2015 UWMP, there have been local and
statewide influences on water use in the
City. In January of 2014, former Governor
Brown declared a state of emergency and
directed state officials to take all necessary
actions to prepare for water shortages. As
the drought prolonged into 2015, former
Governor Brown gave an executive order in
April 2015, as shown in Figure 6.3, which
mandated a statewide 25% reduction in
water use, with each agency assigned
specific target reductions.

Figure 6.3: Executive Order B-29-15 (2015)
Changes in water usage habits have a
special concern for the State due to the
inter-dependence of many agencies for the
transfer and use of water. For instance,
some agencies are unable to produce water
locally and thus entirely dependent on
imported water sources, while others are
able to produce all water locally
(groundwater). Further, some agencies are
able to reduce water demands with only
minimal impacts (i.e. sales revenue), while
6 - 4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE
other agencies will incur more significant
impacts if water consumption is reduced.

This would include agencies with agricultural
and heavy industrial customers. Thus, the
State will likely face challenges in the near
future to implement fair and equitable
water conservation policies.

6.4.1 California Water Plan Update 2018
DWR's California Water Plan Update 2018 is
a resource guide for local agencies on water
management planning. It sets goals for
developing new water resources and
maximizing existing water resources. It also
provides information on funding available
to local agencies in meeting sustainability
goals. Since the Water Plans are updated
every five (5) years during non-UWMP
years, the information contained in these
plans is helpful for water agencies in water
resource planning in the UWMPs.

6.5 WATER USE

6.5.1 Past Water Use
Although the population of the City has
increased by approximately 14,000 persons
over the past two decades, overall water
use within the City's service area has
declined steadily. This is a result of water
conservation, as the efficiency of water use
has outweighed the additional water users.

Annual water consumption from 2001 to
2015 listed in the 2015 UWMP ranged from
a high of 2,290 MG in 2005 to a low of
1,875 MG in 2015, with an average of 2,169
MG as shown below in Table 6.1:

Table 6.1
City Past Water Use
Total Total
Year Consumption Consumption
(AF) (MG)
2001 7,023 2,288
2002 7,021 2,288
2003 7,021 2,288
2004 7,017 2,286
2005 7,029 2,290
2006 6,876 2,241
2007 6,737 2,195
2008 6,603 2,152
2009 6,555 2,136
2010 6,178 2,013
2011 6,701 2,184
2012 6,698 2,183
2013 6,436 2,097
2014 6,182 2,014
2015 5,753 1,875
Average: 6,655 AF 2,169 MG
As the table suggests, water use began to
trend steadily downward since 2005. Based
on the numbers in Table 6.1, water use had
decreased by nearly 18% since the peak
water consumption in 2005.

6.5.2 Recent Water Use
Most likely due the end of the Statemandated drought restrictions (see Section

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
7) and an increase in the City's population,
overall water use within the City's service
area in recent years has stayed relatively
level, except for major fluctuations in years
2017 and 2018. Annual water consu mption
from 2016 to 2020 listed in the Table 6.2
below ranged from a high of 2,608 MG in
2017 to a low of 1,829 MG in 2019, with an
average of 2,126 MG.

Table 6.2
City Recent Water Use
Total Potable P C 't • er ap1 a
Year Consumption (GPCD)
(MG)
2016 1,879 126
2017 2,608 175
2018 2,442 163
2019 1,829 122
2020 1,871 125
Average: 2,126 142
2020 Water Use Target: 172
As indicated by Table 6.2 above, the City
has already reached their 2020 water use
reduction target. Furthermore, the table
above indicates that the City's recent water
consumption is lower than the previous
decade, despite population growth. This
indicates that indicates that the City's water
use is gradually becoming more efficient.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 - 5
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.6 WATER USE BY SECTOR

6.6.1 Service Connections/ Accounts
The City maintains records of water
consumption and bills its customers on a
monthly basis for its water service. The City
maintains approximately 8,400 service
accounts with a mixture of residential,
commercial, institutional, and industrial
customers. The City separates single-family
and multi-family accounts, rather than
combining them under a residential sector.

As of 2020, the current breakdown of
accounts is shown in Table 6.3:

Table 6.3
Number of Service Connections {2020}
S Service ector Accounts
Residential 7,331
Commercial/I nstitutiona I 531
Commercial/Institutional 533
Industrial 2
Landscape Irrigation 3
Other 0
Total Connections: 8,400
Of the 8,400 current service connections
listed above, approximately 94 percent are
either single family or multi-family
residential with the vast majority of the
service area containing residential
6- 6 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE
dwellings. Commercia l and institutional
connections, on the other hand, account for
only six percent of the total current service
connections. The City has multiple grasscovered landscapes in its service area (including sports fields and parks), yet there
are only three landscape irrigation
accounts. Most of the parks are City owned
and maintained, and the City does not
meter these areas.

6.6.2 Recent Water Use by Sector
The City records water use per service
connection only and bills customers based
on a single water rate structure. Water
sales data is compiled by City water staff
and recorded on the DWR Form No. 38
(Public Water System Statistics} and
submitted to DWR annually. The total water
consumption by customer type since 2015
is shown on Table 6.4 on the following
page. Figure 6.4 also shows the Current
Water Demand by Sector (2020). As noted
by the table, Single-Family Residential
accounts are the highest consuming sector
in the City since most of the City is zoned
for single-family accounts. In terms of water
use intensity, however, landscape accounts
have the highest rates of water use per
connection. R~sidential water accounts, on
the other hand, had the lowest water use
per connection. Almost all sectors
substantially increase consumption during
summer months. Since the residential sector

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 6.5: Adrian C. Cordova Park & Wellness Center
accounts for 94 percent of the overall
service accounts, the majority of the City's
summer increases in water use pertain to
the residential sector.

6.6.3 Non-Revenue Water/Losses
As indicated by Table 6.4, "non-revenue"
water (losses) accounts for a significant
portion of overall water use, at 17 percent
over the past 4 years (374 MGY). Typically,
non-revenue water or "losses" consists of
routine flushing unmetered use, differences
in metered readings, and actual water
losses. However, in the City's case, there
are a lot of unmetered City-owned
landscapes. It is also possible that true
losses may play a factor, as the City's water
system is built to provide much higher
capacity than what is delivered during
winter months (to provide for summer
month increases). Nonetheless, the City is
concerned about water losses and had
prepared a water loss audit for the 2015
UWMP using AWWA software.

A summary of the audit is provided in
Section 9. In 2015, the City's Leakage Index
was 8.74 which indicates room for
improvement. However, since the 2015
UWMP the City has begun metering all Cityowned landscapes and properties. All connections within the City's service area
are now metered, and as a result the water
losses have gone down significantly.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 - 7
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 6.4
Recent Water Use by Sector (MG)
Sector
Single Family Residential
-----
1,244 1,269 1,289 1,192 1,208
Multi-Family Residential 193 195 200 185 199
Commercial 258 293 249 281 222
Industrial 0 1 2 3 4
Institutional/Governmental 0 0 0 0 0
Landscape Irrigation 152 152 123 72 91
Other 0 0 0 0 0
Total Water Sales: 1,849 1,910 1,864 1,743 1,738
Unaccounted for Water 30* 698 578 86 132
Total Water Consumption 1,879 2,608 2,442 1,829 1,871 (Total Supply into System):
*In the year 2016 the City of Calexico was undergoing a Water Meter Project. The recorded amount of water consumed may have been inaccurate and therefore an outlier within the calculations.

Other
U%)
Landscape lrrigatio \
5%

0.2%
Figure 6.4: Current Water Demand by Sector (2020)
6 - 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE

6.7 WATER CONSERVATION ACT

6. 7 .1 Act Background (SBx7-7)
Due to reductions of water in the San
Joaquin Delta, the Legislature drafted the
Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SBx7-7) to
protect statewide water sources. The
legislation called for a 20 percent reduction
in water use in California by the year 2020.

The legislation amended the water code to
call for 2020 and 2015 water use targets in
the 2010 UWMPs, updates or revisions to
these targets in the 2015 UWMPs and
allows the Department of Water Resources
(DWR) to enforce compliance to the new
water use standards. Beginning in 2016,
failure to comply with interim and final
targets will make the City ineligible for
grants and loans from the State needed to
attain water self-sufficiency by 2020. Failure
to comply with interim and final targets will
make the City ineligible for grants and loans
from the State needed to attain water selfsufficiency by 2020.

In addition to an overall statewide 20
percent water use reduction, the objective
of SBx7-7 is to reduce water use within each
hydrologic region in accordance with the
agricultural and urban water n needs of
each region. Currently, the Department of
Water Resources (DWR) recognizes 10
separate hydrologic regions in California as
shown in Figure 6.6. Each hydrologic region

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
has been established for planning purposes
and corresponds to the State's major
drainage areas. The service area of the City
is located in the Colorado River Hydrologic
Region (HR), which covers about 13 million
acres (20,000 sq. miles) and includes all of
Imperial County, most of Riverside County
and San Bernardino County, and a portion
of San Diego County. The Imperial Valley,
Salton Sea, national and state parks,
military bases and other public lands
comprise most of the land in this region. The
Colorado River HR is shown in Figure 6.7.

Per capita water use, measured in gallons
per capita per day (GPCD), in the Colorado
River HR varies between different water
agencies depending on the geographic and
economic conditions of the agency's service
area. The Colorado River HR has an overall
baseline per capita water use of 346 GPCD
and DWR has established a regional target
of 211 GPCD for the region as a compliance
target to satisfy SBx7-7 legislation.

The Methodologies guidebook made
provisions that allowed a water supplier to
meet the target requirements by achieving
one of four (4) different targets, provided
that the water supplier's baseline water use
was low enough relative to the region
within which it supplies water. For most
agencies, the two most common options
are 1) 20% reduction or 2) 5% reduction
from the Hydrologic Region.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 - 9
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Nor h
Coast
Callfornla Hydrologlc Regions
and 2020 Conservation Goals
51 137
Statewide
Goals
ll.92
173
154
2!>3 Baseline ( 199b 20051
rm Interim Target (201&)
178 2020 T1rgtl
In galkins Jllll C4JJi1a pm dlly
Tulare
Lake
28~
237
188
Figure 6.6: California's 2020 Water Conservation Goals
6 - 10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE
South
Lahontan
237
204
170
South
Coast
180
165
149
Colorado
River
348
278
211
7-013.01 Groundwater basin/subbasin number
(astansk by nunberindicales additiooa paloo of
bashvsubtiasin ties in an adjacent hydrdogic regi01)
D Groundwater basin/subbasin
c:J Colorado River Hydrologic Region
- • - County line
--..- Water feature

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
N
- •Miles
0 5 10 20 30 A
Ma created from B-118 basin bounda data -u dated b OWR on October 18 2016 Figure 6.7: Colorado River Hydrologic Region
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6-11
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.7.2 Exempt Agencies
If an agency has a baseline per capita water
use of 100 GPCD or less, that agency will
not have to adhere to any reduction targets
as that agency is already considered water
efficient. In such a case, that agency must
document in subsequent UWMPs that its
water usage is still under 100 GPCD.

6.7.3 SBx7-7 Baseline & Target
The City previously established water use
targets for 2015 and 2020. DWR provided
guidelines for determining these targets in
its Methodologies guidebook for the 2010
and 2015 UWMPs. In the 2010 and 2015
UWMPs, the City's baseline water use and
targets were determined based on the
procedures shown in Figures 6.8 and 6.9.

If an agency's 10-year baseline is slightly
higher than the Hydrologic Region's target,
that agency still must achieve a five percent
6 - 12 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE
reduction from its 5-year baseline. If an
agency has a per capita water use of 100
GPCD or less, that agency will not have to
adhere to any reduction targets as that
agency is already considered water
efficient.

Since the City does not use recycled water,
a 10-year instead of a 15-year rolling
average was previously calculated. The
City's baseline water use is 180 GPCD,
which was obtained from a 10-year period
from 2001-2010
Table 6.5 shows historic (2001 to 2010)
water use and provides the base period
ranges used to calculate the baseline water
use for the City. The data was used to
calculate the continuous 10-year and 5-year
average baseline. Moreover, regardless of
the compliance method adopted by the City
it will need to meet the minimum water use
target of 5 percent reduction from a 5-year
baseline as calculated.
1 Service Area
Population
2 Potable
Water Use

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
3 Water Use I
Population
=Rate
Complie
Water Use
Figure 6.8: Procedure for Determining Baseline Per Capita Water Use If< 95%
Hydro logic
... Calculate
Figure 6.9: Procedure for Determining Target Per Capita Water Use 5 Select
Target
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 - 13
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 6.5
City of Calexico Water Use (GPCPD)
Total Per
Year Water Use Population Capita
(MG) (GPCD)
2001 2,288 27,866 225
2002 2,288 29,425 213
2003 2,288 31,497 199
2004 2,286 33,499 187
2005 2,290 35,056 179
2006 2,241 35,485 173
2007 2,195 36,013 167
2008 2,152 37,306 158
2009 2,136 37,999 154
2010 2,013 38,572 143
2011 2,184 39,127 153
2012 2,183 39,839 150
2013 2,097 40,088 143
2014 2,014 40,323 137
2015 1,875 40,620 126
10-yr. Baseline (2001-2010) 180 (SB7: 10608.20)
5-yr. Baseline (2003-2007) 181 (SB7: 10608.22)
Colorado River HR Baseline 346
Colorado River HR Target 211
As shown in Table 6.5 above, the City's 10-
yr and 5-yr baselines were determined to
be 180 GPCD and 181 GPCD, respectively.

The City's baseline water use was then
compared to the regional compliance target
to determine the applicable reduction
amounts per the SBx7-7 provisions of the
6 -14 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE
water code. The legal stipulations
applicable to the City and the required
t arget to be enforced by DWR are shown in
Table 6.6 below:

Table 6.6
City of Calexico
SBx7-7 2020 Water Use Targets (GPCD)
5% Reduction Min. 20% Target from Regional Reduction (10608.20) Target Requirement (b)(l) (10608.20) (10608.22) (b)(3) '. .. 2020 Per Capita Target: 172
Interim (2015) Target: 176
The selected SBx7-7 target is 172 GPCD (5%
from its 5-year baseline) because this
amount is less than 200 GPCD (5%
reduction from the Colorado River HR's
target). Since the City's minimum reduction
requirement of 172 GPCD is less than the
regional target of 211 GPCD, the City must
select Method 3 (172 GPCD) as its 2020
water use target. Therefore, the City's
compliance target for 2020 per capita water
consumption was 172 GPCD in accordance
with Section 10608.22 of the Code.

6.7.4 SBx7-7 Target Compliance
Although the requ irements of SBx7-7
seemed stringent, it is notewort hy to
mention that the City has seen an increase
in water use efficiency since the baseline
years of 2001 to 2010. This is due in part to
State legislation, stricter conservation
measures, saturation of water-saving
plumbing fixtures, and overall water
conservation awareness. As indicated by
Table 6.2 on Page 6-5, the City has already
achieved not only its interim (2015) target,
but also its final 2020 target. The City can
maintain its consumption rates below the
SBx7-7 target by continuing to focus on
water conservation.

6.8 PROJECTED WATER DEMAND
Future water use projections must consider
significant factors on water demand, such
as new development, economics, new
regulations/codes, conservation, and climate
patterns. With open lots in the City ripe for new
development, the City is expected to grow
more than typical urban areas in Southern
California over the next 25 years. This will
result in greater total water consumption.

Climate conditions will continue to be a
major influence on demand as drought
conditions will increase demand at a time
when these supplies are limited.

6.8.1 Passive Savings
As the City's population continues to grow
over time and as water conservation
measures continue to be implemented, the
rate of consumption should remain steady

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
or even decrease slightly. This is based on
the idea that new population living in newer
housing developments will be more apt to
conserve water, or at least at lower
consumption rates than long-term residents
living in older housing (i.e. due to new
codes and ordinances, awareness, etc.).

This "passive savings" will help offset the
pre-existing consumption rates. That is,
over time homes will be equipped with
water-saving fixtures and landscapes. Also,
over time, residents will become more
aware of water conservation and Cityspecific policies such as limitations on landscape irrigation and car washing. This
"passive savings" will help offset new water
demands stemming from anticipated
population growth in the City.

For the sake of future water demand
projections in this UWMP, this "passive
savings" is taken into consideration by
analyzing the declines in water
consumption rates. The estimated rate of
decline in the water consumption rate
(GPCD) is 0.5% annually. It is practical to
assume that water use efficiency will
continue to increase on its own over the
next couple of decades.

6.8.2 Low-Income Water Demands
Senate Bill 1087 and Water Code Section
10631.1 require that water use projections
of a UWMP include the projected lower
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 -15
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
income households as identified in the
Housing Element of the City's General Plan.

The City has a civic and legal responsibility
to provide for the water-related health and
safety of the community. One of the City's
objectives is to provide its customers with
an adequate and reliable supply of highquality water to meet present and future needs in an environmental ly and
economically responsible manner. Priority
of water resources does not differ based on
income level.

The City's most-recent update to its
Housing Element (2015) does not go into
detail on planned low-income developments,
but does identify one infill site (Villa
Primavera) as an affordable housing site.

This site was constructed in the fall of 2015.

Besides this development, the City's 2015
General Plan Update does not provide the
number or location of affordable/lowincome housing developments for future years. For this reason, it is difficult to
accurately project water use for lower
income households separate from overall
residential demand. However, the 2015
Housing Element does state that about 27%
of households are at the poverty rate. Thus,
factoring 27% into the residentia l
projections shown in Table 6.7 on the
6 - 16 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE
following page, the low-income projections
are shown in Table 6.8 below:

Table 6.8
Projected Low-Income Water Needs
Year low-Income Water Needs
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
(MG)
415
441
466
489
511
Based on the data listed in Table 6.8 above,
the City will need to provide up to 520 MG
of water for low-income residents during
the course of this UWMP planning period
(2045). These low-income water demands
are included in future residential projections
in Table 6.7 on the following page.

6.8.3 Projected Water Use by Sector
For planning purposes, the City's projected
water use for 2025-2045 is broken down by
sector in Table 6.7 on the following page.

The estimates are based on the ratios of the
sectors shown in Table 6.4 and Figure 6.4
on Page 6-8. Figure 6.10 on the fol lowing
page also shows the Projected Water
Demand by Sector (in 2045).

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 6.7
Projected Water Demand by Sector
Sector 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Water Service Area Population
Consumption Rate (GPCD)
Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings
Single Family Residential
Multi-Family Residentia l
Commercial
Industria l
Institutional/Governmental
Landscape Irrigation
Other
Total Water Sales:

Unaccounted for Water
Total Water Consumption
(Total Supply into System):

Other
9MG
Landscape Irrigation
144 MG ___ _
44,986 49,075
143 139
Demands
1,328 1,412
209 222
280 297
3 3
117 125
1,328 1,412
7 8
1,943 2,067
400 426
2,343 2,492
53,165 57,254 61,344
136 132 129
1,492 1,566 1,636
234 246 257
314 330 344
3 3 3
132 138 144
1,492 1,566 1,636
8 9 9
2,183 2,292 2,394
449 472 493
2,632 2,764 2,887
Figure 6.10: Projected Water Demand by Sector (in 2045) 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6 ft 17
SECTION 6: WATER USE
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
6 - 18 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 6: WATER USE

7.1 OVERVIEW
Drought conditions continue to be a critical
issue for California's water supply. The
current State drought of 2020-2021 is
impacting groundwater pumping agencies
in the Central Valley and is also impacting
deliveries of imported water from the State
Water Project (SWP) to Southern California
cities. Likewise, the hydrology of the
Colorado River Basin is known to be highly
variable. Since 2000, the Lower Colorado
River Basin has been under its own drought.

The drought in the Lower Colorado River
Basin, which includes the City of Blythe, led
to the Colorado River Drought Contingency
Plan Authorization Act in 2019. A
"Companion Agreement" was later signed

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
c
0 ·-tJ
cu
V)
2020

RELIABILITY

PLANNING
The City's two
storage tanks at
the Water
Treatment Plant
(pictured) store up
to 10 MG (31 AF)
of water.
in that year concerning the management of
water supplies and the operation of dams
and reservoirs under drought cond itions.

This section discusses local and regiona l
efforts to ensure a reliable supply of water.

This section also compares projected supply
to projected demand over a 25-year
planning period (through 2045) for various
climate scenarios. Demand and supply
projections are provided in Tables 7.1- 7.8.

7.2 HISTORIC STATEWIDE DROUGHTS
Climate data has been recorded in
California since 1858. Since then, California
has experienced several periods of severe
drought, including: 1928-34, 1976-77 and
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 -1
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
1987-91, 2007-2009, and most recently in
2011-2017. In addition to these, California
has also experienced several periods of less
severe drought. Among the aforementioned
droughts, the year 1977 is still considered
to be the driest year of record in the Four
Rivers Basin by DWR (these rivers flow into
the Delta and are the source of water for
the State Water Project).

In 1983, as a result of previous droughts,
the State legislature enacted the UWMP
Act, which requires the preparation of this
UWMP. Several subsequent amendments
have been made to the Act to ensure such
items as public coordination, recycled
water, and contingency response plans are
included in UWMPs, among other items.

In 1991, as a result of the 1987-1991
drought, over 100 water agencies and
environmental groups came together to
form the California Urban Water
Conservation Council (CUWCC) to manage
the impacts of drought and promote water
conservation. In January 2018, the CUWCC
became the California Water Efficiency
Partnership (CalWEP), which serves to assist
its member agencies with public policy,
research, and education tools.

As a result of the drought of 2007-2009,
former Governor Schwarzenegger signed
the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SBx7-
7), which is perhaps the strongest piece of
7 - 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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legislation to date on water conservation,
requiring mandatory water conservation up
to 20 percent by 2020.

Figure 7.1: 2009 Water Conservation Act
The most-recent of the past droughts hit
the state of California in 2011-2017. In
response to this drought, DWR and the U.S.

Bureau of Reclamation finalized the 2016
Drought Contingency Plan (Plan) that
outlined State Water Project (SWP) and
Central Valley Project (CVP) operations for
2016. The key purpose of the Plan was to
establish conservation goals and develop a
guideline for the management of water
resources in order to meet the water needs
of stakeholders and the public. The plan
was updated in March 2021 to reflect the
current drought.

In addition to statewide actions, local water
agencies have prepared contingency plans
to deal with the impacts of drought or
water shortage. For instance, the City is
updating its Water Shortage Contingency
Plan (WSCP), as described in Section 8.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 7.2: Lake Oroville During Drought of 2011-2017
Figure 7.3: Lake Oroville After Drought (Feb 2017)
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2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.3 CURRENT DROUGHT
The current drought in Imperial County
began in the late spring of 2020. As
measured in the Meloland, recorded rainfall
for 2020 was 0.79 inches, which amounts to
30% of the average rainfall (2.69 inches).

Over the past year, five (5) months have
witnessed zero (0) inches of rainfall. With
the month of January comprising nearly all
of the year's rainfall, with a monthly total of

0.65 in. The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM)
has reported that all of Imperial County is in
a "severe" or "moderate" drought.

California's reservoir system also reflects
the deteriorating water supply situation
with many reservoirs at less than half of
normal levels for this time of year, including
the State's largest reservoirs, Lake Shasta
and Lake Oroville (Figure 7.5). Lake Oroville,
for instance, is currently at just 39 percent
of capacity.

On April 21, 2021, a drought emergency
was declared for several Counties. Governor
Newsom expanded the statewide drought
emergency on May 10, 2021 to include 41
of the state's 58 counties. An Executive
Order was signed, which officially declared
a drought emergency for these counties.

The executive order did not enact any
mandates, but allows for mandates to
follow should the conditions persist.

Further, the Executive Order opens the
7 - 4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
door for variances in water rights
agreements through Temporary Urgency
Change Petitions (TUCPs). Although
Figure 7.4: April, 2021 Drought Emergency
To date, California agencies have reduced
water use by about 25 percent since the
emergency conservation regulations took
effect in June of 2015. This continues to
meet former Governor Brown's 25 percent
mandate (despite a decline in the statewide
water-savings rate for the last two months).

7.3.1 Drought Impacts on Imperial Valley
Although the Imperial Irrigation District (llD)
is not a SWP Contractor, llD has transfer
agreements in place with SWP contractors,
including the Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California (MWD) and the San
Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA). As
such, llD is indirectly affected by SWP
reliability. On an annual basis, each of the
29 SWP Contractors request an amount of
water from the SWP based on their
anticipated yearly demand. Each SWP
contractor's Water Supply Contract
contains a "Table A" amount that identifies
the maximum amount of water that a
contractor may request. However, the
amount of SWP water actually allocated to
contractors each year is dependent on a
number of factors than can vary
significantly from year to year. The
availability of SWP supplies is generally less
SWP supplies are
typically less than
the maximum
than their full Table A
amounts in many
years and can be
significantly less in
"Table A" amounts very dry years. After
requested by the
Contractors.
receiving the requests,
DWR assesses the
amount of water
supply available based on precipitation,
snow pack on Northern California
watersheds, volume of water in storage,
projected carry over storage, and
Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta
regulatory requirements. For example,
according to the State Wat er Project
Delivery Reliability Report, the total SWP
annual delivery of water to contractors
ranged from 3.7 MAF in 2005 to 210,266 AF
for the current year (2021).

Due to the uncertainty in water supply,
contractors are not typically guaranteed
their full Table A amount, but instead a

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
percentage of that amount based on
available supply. For instance, the current
DWR Notice 21-06 (May 2021) indicates
that 2021 SWP allocation is set to be only
five percent (5%) for all Contractors for the
current year (2021). For agencies that deal
with llD, this means their supplies from the
SWP should be at just 5% of their full "Table
A" amounts for 2016 (about 95,000 AF for
MWD (which includes SDCWA). This means
that MWD may import more water from the
Colorado River, which is the other source of
supply for MWD and its member agencies
(including SDCWA).

The reliability of the SWP impacts the
Contractors ability to plan for future growth
and supply and causes them to seek out
other supply sources or enter into transfer
agreements with other agencies. llD entered
into a land fallowing agreement with
SDCWA following the
2003 Quantification
Settlement Agreement
(QSA), which allows
SDCWA up to 200,000
AF of llD's water rights
per year through land
Land fallowing
agreements with
/ID allow MWD to
use a portion of
I/D's water rights.
fallowing and water conservation efforts.

This allows SCDWA (though MWD) to
extract more water at the Parker Dam in
exchange for llD not diverting as much
water at the Imperial Dam in the same year.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 - 5
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

SELECTED WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIRS
Trinity Lake Lake Shasta Lake Oroville
2447"
20IO
1000
0 ---'--
Iii
Jiff
2ffO
IOIO
32%1 45% 25% 141%
New Melones Lake
ms
IOOO
0 36% 163%
San Luis Reservoir
12%128%
Millerton Lake
·:-w50% 1116%
IJIS
•
Updated 09/1712021 04:48 PM
J5l7"
JHI
2HI
1111
• --= ~
22%1 35%
Folsom Lake
977
• -0-
24% 140%
0 Castaic Lake
Lake Perris J25
0 29% I 36%
84%1 111%
20JO
1000
0 Figure 7.5: California State Reservoir Levels (September 2021) 7 - 6 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
Midnight: September 16, 2021
LEGEND
Red lilt; HSloric level for dale
Tola! Aeselwlr Capacity
Blue Bar. S1orage Level for date
Capacity I
(TAF)
of Capadly I '% of Historical
Av
Don Pedro Reservoir
51% 174%
Lake McClure
1025
0 22% 144%
Pine Flat Reservoir
20% I 56%

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 7.6: May 2019 Signing of the Colorado River Basin Drought Contingency Plans 7 .3.2 Colorado River Basin Drought
In addition to the droughts across the State,
the Lower Colorado River Basin has been
suffering from its own drought. Average
flows in the lower basin from 2000 to 2020
have averaged just over 12 million acre-feet
per year (MAFY), down from the historical
average of about 15 MAFY. Recent data
indicates that total Colorado River Basin
storage (primarily Lake Powell and Lake
Mead) was 29 MAF at the beginning of
water year 2021. This was a decrease of
about 2.8 MAF of total storage that was in
the system at the beginning of water year
2020 (about 32 MAF). Both of these
volumes are just half of the capacity of the
system (about 60 MAF).

As a result of the ongoing drought in the
lower basin, in 2017, the Secretary of the
Interior called on the Colorado River Basin
States to develop drought contingency
plans by the end of 2018. As part of this
process, the Basin States (California,
Arizona, and Nevada) agreed to companion
agreements to the Colorado River Drought
Contingency Plan in May of 2019. For
California, including agencies such as the
Palo Verde Irrigation District (PVID), this
results in cuts to the available water
supplies during drought conditions. The
drought conditions are assessed based on
the water levels in Lake Mead. In general,
however, the needs of the Colorado River
water users, including llD, will continue to
be met due to the security provided by the
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 - 7
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
/
(
@[j'®@@liil < f ll©ll!l!li1@
.. ' r
-----......__ __ .------ Legend =--=--~-I
c::::J Hydrologic Basin
f2ZJ
....

Adjacent areas
that receive
Colorado River water
("\
0 Gulf of
Califomla
Figure 7.7: Colorado River Basin
7 - 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 7.8: Drought in the Colorado River Bain (Near Lake Powell) Law of the River as well as effective
implementation of conservation and
transfer agreements.

7.3.3 Impacts on City of Calexico
Because the City relies solely on water from
the Colorado River, matters involving the
SWP and the Colorado River Basin
agreements have a direct impact on the
City. If conditions worsen, llD may reinstate
its Equitable Distribution Plan (EDP), as
noted in Section 3.4.1. At the current time,
the EDP is defunct due to recent actions in
State court. Through the course of this
UWMP planning period (2045), the City's
water supplies are anticipated to be
restricted only by the capacity of its Water
Treatment Plant. Specifically, the amount of
water available through llD's canals should
exceed the built-out capacity of the City's
Water Treatment Plant (WTP). However,
the impacts of droughts on the City's water
su pplies remains to be seen.
7 .4 IMPROVING CANAL SUPPLY RELIABILITY
Studies in the 1990s concluded that up to
70,000 acre-feet per year of water was lost
due to seepage along a 23-mile section of
the Al l-American Canal running through the
sand dunes from Pilot Knob to Drop 3. For
years, the cost associated with mitigation
was prohibitive. In 1998, however, laws were
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7-9
SECTJON 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 7 .9: All-American Canal Lining Project Improves Reliability of Colorado River Supplies enacted which allowed for the lining of the
All-American Canal or to recover seepage
from it. Later that year, $235 million was
appropriated for a water project that
ensures continued flows from the Colorado
River. Of that appropriation, $200 million
was used to concrete line part of the AllAmerican Canal and its Coachella branch.

The remain ing $35 million went to increase
underground water storage along the
Colorado River aqueduct (north of the
Canal).

Construction began in 2007 which consisted
of concrete lining of a 23-mile concrete
lined canal parallel to the existing earthen
canal, from one mile werst of Pilot Knob to
7 - 10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
Drop 3. The 2009 completion of the AllAmerican Canal Lining Project resulted in the concrete lining of 23 miles of the
unlined Canal. After completion, the flows
were then transferred to the concrete lined
canal for this 23-mile stretch. The new
concrete lined section of the AAC will
conserve 67,700 acre-feet per year of
Colorado River water that was previously
lostto seepage.

7.5 REGIONAL WATER RIGHTS
For Colorado River rights holders, the "Law
of the River" is essentially a compilation of
numerous compacts, state and federal laws,
court decisions and decrees, contracts, and
regulatory guidelines which define rights to
water from the Colorado River. These
documents apportion the water and
regulate the use and management of the
Colorado River among the seven basin
states and Mexico. A brief listing of these
compacts and acts include:
• Colorado River Compact (1922)
• Boulder-Canyon Project Act (1928)
• CA Seven Party Agreement (1931)
• Arizona v. California (1964)
• CO River Basin Project Act (1968)
• Arizona v. California (1979)
• Quant. Settlement Agreement (2003)
Per the 2003 Quantification Settlement
Agreement (QSA), California's allocation has
been confirmed (re-established) at 4.4 MAF
per year (as it was in the 1931 Agreement),
with llD's allotment established at 3.1 MAF.

With the largest water rights of Colorado
River water among the Lower Basin states
(3.1 million acre-feet), llD's water
conservation efforts are paramount to
maintaining agricultural production and
water conservation for Southern California.

7.5.1 Water Rights Vulnerability
Under the Law of the River, llD retains a
legal right to annual net consumptive use of

3.1 MAF from the Colorado River. Even in

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
drought years with Lower Colorado River
flows less than 7.5 MAF, the existing laws
and agreements provide security that the
llD should receive its Present Perfected
Rights of 2.6 MAF and its overall water
allocation remains at 3.1 MAF. Under the
terms of various agreements and laws, the
annual Colorado River flows would have to
be reduced to less than 5.0 MAF (one third
of historic average) before the water supply
to llD would be impacted. Nevertheless, in
the face of large-scale water supply
disruption in the western states, llD is
potentially subject to some water supply
reduction.

7.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF llD's RIGHTS
The 2003 QSA contained several companion
agreements between several State water
agencies for the transfer and/or
conservation of water. The intent of these
companion agreements is to allow for the
conservation or transfer or water in years
where water rights exceed the demand for
water. Since the 2003 QSA, llD has
aggressively been conserving water to meet
the its conservation goals. Collectively, with
all its conservation efforts, llD aims to
conserve about 15 percent of its 3.1 MAF
entitlement each year (over 487,000 AF)
when all conservation measures are at full
implementation. This conservation is all the
more important given the ongoing droughts
in the Colorado River Basin.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 -11
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2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
For severe droughts, where there may be a
Supply/Demand Imbalance (SDI), llD had
previously utilized its "Equitable
Distribution Plan" (EDP). The EDP was
adopted in 2007, and was most recently
updated in 2013. The EDP allowed the llD
Board to make an annual determination as
to SDI conditions. Apportionment of
municipal and agricultural water, among
other needs, were prescribed in the EDP.

The EDP had prescribed the amount of
water that llD water users receive during
SDI conditions.

Figure 7.10: llD Supply Distribution
In August 2017, the Imperial County
Superior Court issued a statement of
decision in a lawsuit brought by an Imperial
Valley landowner. The decision invalidated
llD's EDP and mandated its repeal. llD
appealed the decision in September, 2017.

In spite of subsequent appellate court ruling
in llD's favor, llD's board had voted to
repeal the EDP in February, 2018. In the
7 -12 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
absence of the EDP, llD water users will not
be limited by an apportionment of water.

However, all water users will continue to be
subject to the requirement of reasonable
and beneficial water use standards.

7.7 CITY SUPPLY RELIABILITY
As the City obtains all of its supply water
from the Colorado River via llD canals, the
City's water supply reliability is based
entirely on the reliability of llD's water
rights, which were addressed in the
previous Sections 7.1 to 7.4. These subsections demonstrated that llD's water rights were secure, unless drought
conditions in the Lower Colorado River
basin become catastrophic. In addition, due
to the All-American Canal lining, and llD's
efforts in implementing conservation
measures related to the 2003 QSA, it is
reasonable to expect llD's supplies to
remain intact for the foreseeable planning
period of this UWMP (i.e. through 2045).

7.7.1 Reliability of Alternative Sources
Groundwater Reliability
Although the City does not pump
groundwater, groundwater is considered a
very reliable source of supply, even during
prolonged droughts. If the City were able to
pump groundwater at some point in the
future, it would strengthen the City's supply
reliability.

Recycled Water Reliability
Since recycled water is produced from
wastewater, this source has the advantage
of consistently being available during
droughts. If the City were to produce
recycled water at some point in the future,
it would greatly add to the City's supply
reliability, especially since a significant
portion of the City's water is used for
landscaped irrigation (i.e. lawns, parks, etc).

7.8 DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT
A drought risk assessment is an assessment
of the reliability of the City's water supplies
by comparing projected future water
demands with expected available water
supplies under three different hydrologic
conditions: (1) normal water year, (2) single
dry year, and (3) multiple dry years. For the
sake of this UWMP, the multiple dry-year
period is taken to be five (5) years. Future
supply and demand conditions can be
determined from the following data:
• Population forecasts
• Water supply capacity
• Recent water use trends
The data described above has been
provided in the previous sections of this
UWMP, including Section 3 (Water Sources
& Supplies), and Section 6 (Water Use). The
projected comparisons in this Section are
based on data from those previous sections.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.8.1 Basis for Projected Demands
To project future demands, it will be
assumed that total demand will change
annually based on changes in population
multiplied by the individual demand perperson (also known as the "per-capita" consumption rate -see Section 6). The percapita rates used in the future projections will be based on actual water use data from
the recent past. In particular, the City's
averages for the last four (5) years will be
used as the basis to project demands
through the year 2045. To project demands
and supplies, the following is assumed:
• Consumption rate of 146 gallons per
capita per day (GPCD) in 2020. This is
the average consumption of the City
in the last 4 years.
• Decreasing consumption rate (from
146 GPCD) starting in 2021 with a
passive savings of 0.5% annually.

Although a constant consumption rate
provides a more conservative approach, the
decreasing consumption rate scenario
provides a realistic basis for planning
purposes since it considers gradual
improvements in water-use efficiency. In
the past 20 years, the City has seen a 55%
increase in water use efficiency. The City's
consumption rate (GPCD) in 2001 was 225
GPCD, and the City's consumption rate in
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 - 13
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
2020 was 125 GPCD. This amounts to an
average decrease of about 3% annually.

For drought-time demands, is expected that
there will be a small degree of increase due
to the lack of rainfall on landscapes. To
project demands during single and multiple
(five) year drought periods, the following
increase factors will be assumed:
• Dry Year: 105%
• Multiple Dry Years: 5%, 10%, and 2%
During the recent drought of 2011 to 2017,
water agencies in the State experienced an
increase in water demands, until former
Gov. Brown's Emergency Declaration in
2015. Nevertheless, the increase factors
listed above will be the basis for demand
projections since they provide reasonable
estimates of demand increases for dry years.
7 .8.2 Basis for Projected Supplies
As for projected supplies, because the City's
supplies are mostly drought-proof as stated
previously in this Section, it is very unlikely
7 - 14 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
that supplies will be restricted, even during
multi-year droughts. Thus, for conservative
planning purposes, the City's projected
water supplies will be based off of twothirds (2/3) of the capacity of the City's Water Treatment Plant. The 2018 Water
Master Plan (WMP) indicates that although
the City's WTP has a rated capacity of 14
MGD, the current capacity of the
components totals to 12 MGD. Thus, twothirds capacity equates to roughly 8 MGD, or about 2,920 MGY.

7.8.3 Tabular Comparisons
Tables 7.1 to 7.8, shown on the following
pages, provide an analysis of the City's
supply and demand projections to the year
2045. Figure 7.11 show a visual pie-chart for
the year 2045. Based on the data contained
in these tables, the City can expect to meet
future demands for all climate conditions
through 2045. Closer to 2040 however, the
gap shrinks, which suggests that the City
will need to consider increasing its supply
capacity in the next couple of decades.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 7.1
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Normal Water Vear (MG)
--
Water Sources 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Water Service Area Population
Consumption Rate (GPCD)
Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings
Surface Water
Total Supply
Two-Thirds Capacity of WTP
Total Normal Demand
Compare to Avg. Demand from Last 10 Yrs.
(2010 to 2020 - 2,090 MG)
Population
44,986
143
Supply
2,343
2,343
2,920
Demand
2,343
112%
49,075
139
2,492
2,492
2,920
2,492
119%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Supply-Demand (Difference) 0 0
Supply/Demand (%) 100% 100%
Available Leftover Supply Capacity 577 428
Notes:

1. Total Demand= Consumption Rate x Population.
53,165
136
2,632
2,632
2,920
2,632
126%
0 100%
288
a. Average consumption rate of last 4 years= 146 gallons per capita per day (GPCD). b. Consumption rate in 2017: 175 GPCD.
c. Co nsumption rate in 2020: 125 GPCD.
d. SBx7-7 Target for 2020: 172 GPCD.
e. Approximate "passive" savings over past 20 years: 5 GPCD per year. f. Projected "passive" savings: 1 GPCD per year= 129 GPCD by 2045. 57,254 61,344
132 129
2,764 2,887
2,764 2,887
2,920 2,920
2,764 2,887
132% 138%
0 0
100% 100%
156 33

2. Projected surface water supply (production) equals the projected water demands shown in Table 6.7 of Section 6.

3. Projected surface water supply capacity equals two-thirds of the WTP capacity (2,920 MGY) as noted in Section 7.6.2.

4. The data compiled in these Tables reflects the data presented in the Standard DWR Data Table 6.9 (see Appendix).

5. No other potable supply sources (i.e. groundwater) are expected to become available during this planning period (2045). 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7~15
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 7.2
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Single Dry Year (MG)
- - -
Water Sources 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Population
Water Service Area Population 44,986 49,075 53,165 57,254 Consumption Rate (GPCD) 143 139 136 132
Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings
Supply
Su rface Water 2,920 2,920 2,920 3,285
Total Supply 2,920 2,920 2,920 3,285
Normal Year Supply 2,343 2,492 2,632 2,764
% of Normal Year 125% 117% 111% 119%
Demand
Total Dry Demand 2,460 2,617 2,764 2,902
Normal Year Demand 2,343 2,492 2,632 2,764
% of Normal Year 105% 105% 105% 105%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Supply-Demand (Difference) 460 303 156 383
Supply/Demand(%) 119% 112% 106% 113%
Available Leftover Supply Capacity 1,037 731 444 539
Notes:

1. Total Demand= Consumption Rate x Population x Single Dry Year Increase of 105%.

2. WTP permitted capacity was 16.67 million gallons per day (MGD). a. Due to the loss of treatment units, WTP capacity is currently 12 MGD (2018 Water Master Plan). b. Conservative supply volume was taken as 2/3 of WTP capacity (12 MGD), which is 2,920 MGY. c. For years 2040 and 2045 supply volume is taken as 3/4 of WTP capacity (12 MGD), which is 3,285 MGY

3. With repeal of EDP in 2018, llD will not limit supplies to customers during dry years.

4. All other items derived in similitude to Table 7.1.
7-16 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
61,344
129
3,285
3,285
2,887
114%
3,032
2,887
105%
253
108%
286

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 7.3
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Multiple Dry Years {2021-2025) {MG)
- -- - - - -- - - -- -- - - - - - - - -
Water Sources 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Population
Water Service Area Population 41,714 42,532 43,350 44,168 44,986 Consumption Rate (GPCD) 146 145 144 143 143
Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings
Supply
Surface Water 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920
Total Supply 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920
Normal Year Supply 2,343 2,343 2,343 2,343 2,343
% of Normal Year 125% 125% 125% 125% 125%
Demand
Total Dry Demand 2,460 2,577 2,390 2,390 2,390
Normal Year Demand 2,343 2,343 2,343 2,343 2,343
% of Normal Year 105% 110% 102% 102% 102%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Supply-Demand (Difference) 460 343 530 530 530
Supply/Demand (%) 119% 113% 122% 122% 122%
Available Leftover Supply Capacity 1,037 919 1,107 1,107 1,107 Notes:

1. Total Demand= Consumption Rate x Population x Dry Year Increases of 105%, 110%, and 102%.

3. With repeal of EDP in 2018, llD will not limit supplies to customers during dry years.

4. All other items derived in similitude to Table 7.1.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 -17
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 7.4
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Multiple Dry Years (2026-2030) (MG)
Water Sources 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Population
Water Service Area Population 45,804 46,621 47,439 48,257 Consumption Rate (GPCD) 142 141 141 140 Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings Supply
Surface Water 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920
Total Supply 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920
Normal Year Su pply 2,492 2,492 2,492 2,492
% of Norm al Year 117% 117% 117% 117%
Demand
Total Dry Demand 2,617 2,741 2,542 2,542
Normal Year Demand 2,492 2,492 2,492 2,492
% of Normal Year 105% 110% 102% 102%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Supply-Demand (Difference) 303 179 378 378
Supply/Demand (%) 112% 107% 115% 115%
Avai lable Leftover Supply Ca pacity 731 606 806 806
Notes:

1. Total Demand =Consumption Rate x Population x Dry Year Increases of 105%, 110%, and 102%.

3. With repeal of EDP in 2018, llD will not limit supplies to customers during dry years.

4. All other items derived in similitude to Table 7.1.
7 -18 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
49,075
139
2,920
2,920
2,492
117%
2,542
2,492
102%
378
115%
806
URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN ~
Table 7.5
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Multiple Dry Years (2031-2035) (MG)
Water Sources 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035
Population
Water Service Area Population 49,893 50,711 51,529 52,347 53,165 Consumption Rate (GPCD} 139 138 137 136 136
Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings
Supply
Surface Water 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920
Total Supply 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920 2,920
Normal Year Supply 2,632 2,632 2,632 2,632 2,632
% of Normal Year 111% 111% 111% 111% 111%
Demand
Total Dry Demand 2,764 2,896 2,685 2,685 2,685
Normal Year Demand 2,632 2,632 2,632 2,632 2,632
% of Normal Year 105% 110% 102% 102% 102%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Supply-Demand (Difference} 156 24 235 235 235
Supply/Demand(%} 106% 101% 109% 109% 109%
Available Leftover Supply Capacity 444 312 523 523 523
Notes:

1. Total Demand =Consumption Rate x Population x Dry Year Increases of 105%, 110%, and 102%.

3. With repeal of EDP in 2018, llD will not limit supplies to customers during dry years.

4. All other items derived in similitude to Table 7.1.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7-19
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 7.6
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Multiple Dry Years (2036-2040) (MG)
-
Water Sources 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040
Population
Water Service Area Population 53,983 54,801 55,619 56,436 Consumption Rate (GPCD) 135 134 134 133
Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings
Supply
Surface Water 2,920 3,285 2,920 2,920
Total Supply .2,920 3,285 2,920 2,920
Normal Vear Supply 2,764 2,764 2,764 2,764
% of Normal Vear 106% 119% 106% 106%
Demand
Total Dry Demand 2,902 3,040 2,819 2,819
Normal Vear Demand 2,764 2,764 2,764 2,764
% of Normal Vear 105% 110% 102% 102%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Su pply-Demand (Difference) 18 245 101 101
Supply/Demand (%) 101% 108% 104% 104%
Available Leftover Supply Capacity 174 401 257 257
Notes:

1. Total Demand =Consumption Rate x Population x Dry Year Increases of 105%, 110%, and 102%.

2. WTP permitted capacity was 16.67 million gallons per day (MGD). a. Due to the loss of treatment units, WTP capacity is currently 12 MGD (2018 Water Master Plan). b. Conservative supply volume was taken as 2/3 of WTP capacity (12 MGD), which is 2,920 MGY. c. Starting in 2037, supply volume is taken as 3/4 of WTP capacity (12 MGD), which is 3,285 MGY

3. With repeal of EDP in 2018, llD will not limit supplies to customers during dry years.

4. All other items derived in similitude to Table 7.1.
7 - 20 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
57,254
132
2,920
2,920
2,764
106%
2,819
2,764
102%
101
104%
257

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 7.7
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Multiple Dry Years (2041-2045) (M G)
Water Sources 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045
Population
Water Service Area Population 58,072 58,890 59,708 60,526 61,344 Consumption Rate (GPCD) 132 131 130 130 129
Including 0.5% Annual Passive Savings
Supply
Surface Water 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285
Total Supply 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285
Normal Year Supply 2,887 2,887 2,887 2,887 2,887
% of Normal Year 114% 114% 114% 114% 114%
Demand
Total Dry Demand 3,032 3,176 2,945 2,945 2,945
Normal Year Demand 2,887 2,887 2,887 2,887 2,887
% of Normal Year 105% 110% 102% 102% 102%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Supply-Demand (Difference) 253 109 340 340 340
Supply/Demand(%) 108% 103% 112% 112% 112%
Available Leftover Supply Capacity 286 141 372 372 372
Notes:

1. Total Demand = Consumption Rate x Population x Dry Year Increases of 105%, 110%, and 102%.

2. WTP permitted capacity was 16.67 million gallons per day (MGD). a. Due to t he loss of treatment units, WTP capacity is currently 12 MGD (2018 Water Master Plan). b. Conservative supply volume was taken as 3/4 of WTP capacity (12 MGD), which is 3,285 MGY

3. With repeal of EDP in 2018, llD will not limit supplies to customers during dry years.

4. All other items derived in similitude to Table 7.1.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 - 21
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
-I
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table 7.8
City of Calexico Water Supply Availability & Demand Projections Restricted Supply Scenario: llD Equitable Distribution Plan {2025-2045) (MG) Water Sources 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Population
Water Service Area Population 44,986 49,075 53,165 57,254 61,344 Difference from 2006 Service 9,501 13,590 17,680 21,769 25,859 Area Populat ion Average Consumption Rate (GPCD) 146 146 146 146 146 Avg. of Last 4 Yrs.

Supply
Base Imported Water (2006) 2,241 2,241 2,241 2,241 2,241 (llD Equitable Distribution Plan) Additional 508 726 944 1,163 1,381 {llD Equitable Distribution Plan) Total Supply 2,748 2,967 3,185 3,403 3,622
Capacity of WTP 4,380 4,380 4,380 4,380 4,380
Difference 1,632 1,413 1,195 977 758
Demand
Total Dry Demand 2,460 2,617 2,764 2,902 3,032
Normal Year Demand 2,343 2,492 2,632 2,764 2,887
% of Normal Year 105% 105% 105% 105% 105%
Supply/Demand Comparison
Supply-Demand (Difference) 288 350 421 501 590
Supply/Demand(%) 112% 113% 115% 117% 119%
Available Leftover Supply Capacity 1,920 1,763 1,616 1,478 1,348 (WTP Capacity- Demand) Notes:

1. This table is shown for reference only. With repeal of EDP in 2018, llD will not limit supplies to customers during dry years.

2. Based on llD's Equitable Distribution Plan (EDP) Municipal Users are apportioned an amount of water supply equivalent to the base amount of 2006 usage plus current District-wide average use per capita multiplied by the increase in population since 2006.

3. For comparison purposes, WTP capacity is 12 MGD, which is 4,380 MGY

4. All other items derived in similitude to Table 7.1.
7 - 22 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
Demands
(2,343 MG)

I CITY OF

CALEXICO

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 7.11: Projected Normal Water Supply: Vear 2022

1. See Notes Under Table 7.1.

2. Surplus= Total Available Supply- Total Demand= 2,920 MG - 2,343 MG= 577 MG 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 - 23
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Demands
(2,577 MG)
Figure 7.12: Projected Minimum Dry Water Supply: Vear 2022

1. See Notes Under Table 7.1.

2. Surplus = Total Available Supply - Total Demand= 2,920 MG - 2,577 MG= 343 MG 7-24 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANN ING
Demands
(2,887 MG)
Sur l~s
(33!!'1G)
I
-·OlY OF CALEXICO

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 7.13: Projected Normal Water Supply: Year 2045

1. See Notes Under Table 7.1.

2. Surplus= Total Available Supply-Total Demand = 2,920 MG - 2,887 MG= 33 MG 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 - 25
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.9 ENSURING ADEQUATE SUPPLY
As indicated by Tables 7.1 to 7.8 and Figure

7.13 the City will be able to meet demands
through 2045 for all future climatic
conditions. If supplies need to be increased
in the future, this can most likely be
accomplished through expansion of the
City's Water Treatment Plant to
accommodate additional imported surface
water, or through the expansion of the
City's Wastewater Treatment Plant in order
to produce recycled water. The City can also
consider construction of groundwater wells
with salinity treatment if necessary. Besides
expanding water supplies, there is also the
measure of demand management (water
conservation), which has more immediate
impacts and helps demands to be met using
the supplies that are already at hand.

Finally, droughts will be addressed by
following the criteria of the City's Water
7 - 26 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 7: RELIABILITY PLANNING
Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) along
with implementation of the regional
contingency plans. These programs are
discussed in Section 8. For these reasons,
the City is confident that an adequate
amount of supply can be provided to meet
demands for all weather conditions through
2045.

7.10 WSCP SUPPLY AUGMENTATION
Although the City does not expect to have a
water supply shortage through 2045, as
indicated by Tables 7.1 to 7.8, severe and
extent droughts may cause the WSCP to be
enacted. The City will rely on the
implementation of the WSCP to augment
the City's reduced supply during
consecutively dry years. The WSCP supply
augmentation benefits during a five-year
drought are shown in standard DWR Table
7-5 in Appendix E.

8.1 INTRODUCTION
In addition to prolonged droughts that can
gradually decrease water supplies, water
supplies may be interrupted in a number of
sudden, catastrophic ways. Sudden
catastrophes may include earthquakes,
power outages, pumping equipment
fai lures, or spikes in groundwater
contaminants that cannot be remedied
expeditiously. Water shortages can also be
a result of intentional or accidental
manmade catastrophes, such as acts of
terrorism or chemical spills into nearby
canals or groundwater spreading grounds. It
is important that the City has a plan in place
to manage its water system during short or

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
c
0 ·-
ti
cu
CJ')

CONTINGENCY

PLANNING
large storage
reservoirs, such as
the City's 25 MG raw
water reservoir
(pictured), help with
droughts or sudden
catastrophes.
long-term water shortages. Long term,
water shortages can be addressed through
conservation and supply augmentation.

Short term, water shortages are best
handled though a "Contingency Plan". A
Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is
a requ ired component of the City's UWMP,
which provides guidance on stages of action
to be undertaken by the City in response to
water supply shortages. A WSCP is an
independent document that is incorporated
into the City's UWMP.

This Section serves as the City's WSCP. The
City's response to water shortages will be a
coordinated effort between its own staff
and other local and regional water agencies.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 -1
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 8.1: Lake Oroville Failure (February 2017)
During a water shortage emergency, the
City will implement this WSCP, which
coincides with Chapter 13.40 of the City's
Municipal Code. The intent of the plan is to
reduce the effect of shortages on the City's
customers.

8.2 NEED FOR CONTINGENCY PLANS
The recent drought of 2011-2017
significantly depleted the State's supply of
water and posed a challenge to many
agencies throughout the State. Following
the drought, the State experienced a wet
winter in 2017. This resulted in flooding in
8 - 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANN ING
parts of the State. Several dams overflowed
and caused the evacuation of thousands of
residents. The most visible example of dam
failures was the failure of the Oroville Dam
in February of 2017. Structural failure of the
Oroville Dam spillway resulted in heavy
flooding, damage to farmlands, and the
evacuation of nearly 200,000 residents. As a
result of the crisis, DWR prepared a Lake
Oroville Flood Season Operations Plan in
order to operate the reservoir during
construction of the repairs. The failure of
the reservoir highlighted the need for
improvements to regional and local
contingency plans.

8.2.1 Recent State Water Code Amendments
As a result of the recent drought and
flooding in the State, the following changes
were made to the Water Code in 2018
which affect WSCPs:
• ewe § 10632 (a}{l}: WSCPs must
include attributes of its Water Supply
Reliability Analysis, or reliability of
water supplies under five consecutive
drought years.
• ewe § 10632 (a}{3}{A}: WSCPs must
include six (6) Standard Stages,
including a shortage of greater than
50 percent of "normal" water supply.
• ewe § 10632 (a){4}: WSCPs must
include shortage response actions,
and the extent of which the action will
address the shortage, based on the
severity level of the shortage.
• ewe § 10632 (a}{2): WSCPs must
include a plan for preparing annual
water supply and demand assessments.
• ewe § 10632.5 (a}{5}: WSCPs must
include communication protocols to
inform customers and the general
public of current or predicted water
shortages stages.
• ewe § 10632.5 (a}{9}: WSCPs must
include monitoring and reporting

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
procedures to assure the agencies'
ability to monitor customer compliance
and report data to the State/DWR.
• ewe § 10632.5 {a}{10}: WSCPs must
include a procedure for evaluation of
the WSCP and an outline or procedure
to adjust the UWMP in subsequent
cycles (i.e. 2025).

The water code changes listed above were
added to the Water Code in 2018. In
addition, the following measures were
taken in recent years that affect WSCPs:
• In 2014, the State Water Resources
Control Board (SWRCB) issued
Resolution 2014-0038, which aims to
enhance customer awareness of their
personal water use and establish
incentives to reduce demand, such as
tiered or drought rate structures.
• In 2015, Gov. Brown issued Executive
Order B-29-15, which calls for a
temporary reduction in statewide
water use by up to 25 percent.

The SWRCB extended Executive Order B-29-
15 in February of 2017. In April 2017, the
SWRCB rescinded the mandatory
conservation requirements of the Oder. The
action was in response to the ending the
drought-related emergency and switching to
a permanent framework for making water
conservation a California way of life.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 3
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.3 LEGAL AUTHORITY
As indicated by Sections 8.1 and 8.2, the
City has the legal obligation to prepare and
implement a WSCP during times of drought
or sudden supply interruptions. Response
to water shortages is also codified into City
Municipal Code (Title 13, Chapter IV "Water
Conservation"). Section 8.7.3 of this WSCP
includes a listing of shortage response
actions per CWC § 10632 (a)(3)(A), including
the means by which the City will declare a
water shortage and authorize response
actions. The remaining Sections of this
WSCP describe the City's response actions
in greater detail.

8.4 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

8.4.1 Drought Reliability
In general, the All-American canal is
considered to be a drought-resistant source
of supply, since the volume of water carried
by the canal through the City (over 2,500
MGD) far-exceeds the City's water needs
(about 7 MGD). Furthermore, droughts can
also be addressed by following the criteria
of this WSCP. As a result, this UWMP does
not anticipate a water supply shortage in
the City due to drought conditions through
2045. The results of the City's Drought Risk
Assessment (ORA) are shown in Figure 8.2
and Table 8.1 on the following page.
8 - 4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING

8.4.2 Water-Quality Reliability
All of the City's water supply passes through
the City's Water Treatment Plant (WTP),
which has a capacity (14.2 MGD) that is
over twice that of the current demand
(about 6.5 MGD). All finished water is sent
to one of three (3) above-grade storage
tanks. Since all of the City's water is treated,
the City does not anticipate a water supply
shortage in the City due to water quality.

8.4.3 Extraordinary Event Reliability
Other events which may create a water
shortage condition are discussed in Section

8.8 of this WSCP. These events may include,
but not be limited to:
• Regional Power Outage
• Earthquake
• Terrorism Incident
If any of the above events occur, the City
will work in conjunction with Imperial
County and the Imperial Irrigation District
(llD) to address the effects of potential
water shortages. Section 8.8 of this WSCP
provides a brief overview of the City's
response actions to these types of
emergencies. Regional response actions are
also outlined in other planning documents
contained in the Appendix of the City's
2020 UWMP.

Supply
3,405 MG

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
1 Figure 8.2: Results of Drought Risk Assessment: Year 2022 Table 8.1
Drought Risk Assessment (Next Five Years)*
Total Dry-Vear Total Dry-Vear D"ff WSCP Potential
Vear Water Use Supply 1
(:~~ce Net Benefit Difference
(MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2,460
2,741
2,685
2,598
2,454
3,405
3,405
3,405
3,405
3,405
945
664
720
807
951
246
274
269
260
245
1,191
938
989
1,067
1,196
*Note: The results shown in Figure 8.2 and Table 8.1 above provide conservative results based on two-thirds (2/3) capacity of the City's Water Treatment Plant (WTP), which is currently 14.2 MGD. See UWMP Sections 3.5 and 3.6.

The City can expand the capacity of its WTP in the next couple of decades for additional supply capacity, if necessary.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 5
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.5 ANNUAL ASSESSMENTS
Agencies typically prepare Water Supply
Assessments (WSAs) when housing
developments are proposed by developers.

WSAs provide an estimated of available
supplies for a proposed development in
order to confirm the possibility of serving
water to a particular development. Over the
next few decades, the City may experience
up to 40% growth in its water service area
population. Thus, the City will need to
refine its procedure for developing WSAs
and for assessing water demands in its
service area.

Similar to a development-driven WSA, a
system-wide assessment of supplies and
demands will be required of all water
agencies in the State. According to CWC §
10632 (a)(2), the City will be required to
prepare an "Annual Assessment" of
supplies and demands, including an Annual
Water Shortage Assessment Report, by July
1st of each year. At this time, DWR requires
that the City include a guideline for
preparation of an Annual Assessment in this
WSCP.

8.5.1 Decision Making Process
The City's Annual Assessment will be based
on metered data from its production
meters and from customer meters. These
figures are available to the City on a
8 - 6 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
monthly basis, or more frequently if the City
desires. The City can also rely on quarterly
or annual reports. With AMI technology,
the City can adjust to changing conditions
by adjusting its reporting leading up to the
submittal of the Annual Assessments. As of
next year (2022), City staff will review water
production data and water consumption
data starting in January, with the intent to
prepare an Annual Water Shortage
Assessment Report to the City Council by
May each year. The Final Report can then
be submitted to DWR by July 1 of each year.

8.5.2 Key Data Inputs
The Annual Assessment will be based on
the forecasted demands and estimated
water supply availability, including any
known infrastructure constraints. The
Annual Assessment will also consider
weather, population growth, and other
influencing factors, such as state or local
policies that will impact water demands, or
regulations affecting water supplies.

The following data are typically available to
City staff and can be relied on when
preparing the Annual Assessments:

1. Estimated dry-year demand without
any conservation measures. Dry-year
demands will be determined by adding
an increase factor of 5% to normal
demands.

2. Estimated total water supply
availability under dry-year scenarios.

The water supply available will be
based on what is available to the City,
regardless of pumping capacity. Water
supply from the All-American Canal can
be estimated based on data from the
US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) or
llD. The City can also contact USBR or
llD to develop first-hand knowledge of
All-American Canal supplies at any
given point during the year.

3. Estimated capacity of water production
infrastructure. Any known or
forecasted issues affecting the City's
water production infrastructure can be
considered, such as:
o Mechanical or electrical issues with
treatment equipment and pumps.
o Possible power outages for
operation and maintenance
o New construction and repairs
The potential constraints on supply capacity
listed under Item 3 above are subject to
change from year to year. As such, the City
should inspect its water system for the
condition of its treatment equipment and
pumps before making a determination on
potential restrictions in water supplies. In
addition, since llD provides electrical power
to the City, the City should contact llD for

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
any potential electrical upgrades that need
to be made to the City's system before
confirming volumes of forecasted water
supplies.

8.5.3 Current Forecast
In general, the total available water supply
will be based on the City's water supply
sources. At this time, the City only uses
surface water from the All-American Canal.

The City's WTP has a capacity of 14.2 MGD,
or 5.2 billion gallons (BG) per year.

However, the projected supplies will be
based on the projected demands. Table 8.1
provides the projected supply volumes
along with the projected demands.

Based on Table 8.1, the City will have a
projected demand of 2,741 MG by next year
{2022), which is about half of the capacity
of the City's WTP. Although this indicates
the City's WTP has sufficient capacity to
meet demands, the City will likely be
expanding its WTP within the next couple of
decades, due to anticipated housing
development. Alternatively, the City has the
less-likely option of constructing an
additional water treatment plant to serve
projected developments in the northeast
side of the City, once the developments are
identified. Costs of the additional water
treatment plant could be borne by
developers.
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2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.6 REGIONAL CONTINGENCY RESPONSE
The City relies entirely on imported surface
water from the Colorado River which is
conveyed through the All-American Canal.

Management of water supplies from the
All-American canal is provided by llD. The
City is one of nine (9) cities that receive
water from llD. The City's water shortage
response efforts can be coordinated with
the help of llD and local Imperial Valley
cities, if necessary.

8.7 CITY CONTINGENCY PLAN
The City's current municipal code (Chapter

13.40) defines two levels of water
conservation, with Level 1 being the default
or base level and Level 2 being a water
shortage. This chapter of the City's
municipal code does not nullify the City's
ability to create or enact contingency plans
such as the one described in this WSCP.

Under Chapter 13.40 of the City's municipal
code, Council's action is simplified as an
"on" or "off" approach. In essence, the City
believes that it is the Water Department's
responsibility to deal with the severity of
water supply shortages and to
communicate to customers.

The WSCP is currently being updated as
described in this Section (see Section 8.12)
to conform to the requirements of the
Water Code (Section 8.2.1), and to provide
the City with the authority and guidance to
8 - 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
implement a phased water shortage
response. In the event of a water shortage,
the City Council will implement the
appropriate water conservation phase by
resolution (see Section 8.7.3).

8.7.1 Objectives of Contingency Plan
In general, the objectives of the City's WSCP
described in this Section are to:

1. Prioritize essential uses of water

2. Maximize local municipal water supplies

3. Eliminate water waste city-wide

4. Minimize adverse financial effects
Regarding Objective No. 1, priorities for use
of available potable water during shortages
are based partly on California Water Code,
Sections 350-358. Water allocations are
established for all customers according to
the following ranking system:

1. First Priority: Minimum health and safety
allocations for interior residential needs

2. Second Priority: Commercial, industrial,
institutional/governmental operations

3. Third Priority: Existing landscaping

4. Fourth Priority: New customers,
proposed projects, etc.

Regarding the 1st Priority specified above,
as noted in Section 6 of the City's UWMP,
the residential sector accounts for 90% of
the City's water service connections. Thus,
the City's population estimates can be used
to assess water needs during a shortage.

8.7.2 Health & Safety (1st Priority)
In 2018, the State adopted Assembly Bill
· 1668, which amends Section 10608.20 of
the Water Code to stipulate an indoor
water use standard of 55 gallons per capita
per day. To assess the minimum amount of
water that should be available (ist Priority
Level), the amount of personal hygiene
household water use must be quantified.

Based on common indoor residential water
use in the United States, health and safety
water use is estimated to be as shown in
Table 8.2 below:

Table 8.2
Water Fixtures: Health & Safety (gal/day)
-
Item Regular (gal) Voluntary (gal)
Toilet 14 10.5
Shower 15 12
Washer 12 11
Kitchen 4 3
Other 4 4
Total 49 gal 40.5 gal
Since the City currently has a population of
about 40,000 residents, at a consumption
rate of 40.5 GPCD, the City will need at least

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

1.62 MGD provide for the health and safety
of its residents (if conservation is voluntary).

Since the City's finished water reservoirs
have a capacity of 16 MG, the City has up to
ten (10) days of potential storage, if the
City's WTP is temporarily shut down.

8.7.3 Stages of Action
The City's Annual Assessments prepared
under Section 8.5 can be used to predict
shortages. This WSCP will impose six (6)
stages of response actions based on the
severity of the City's water supply shortage.

The stages are based on DWR's established
criteria as shown in Table 8.3 below:

Table 8.3
Water Shortage Stages & Reduction Targets
. . Water Supply Shortage Restriction R d . e uct1on
Stage Type T arget
1 Mandatory 10%
2 Mandatory 20%
3 Mandatory 30%
4 Mandatory 40%
5 Mandatory 50%
6 Mandatory >50%
To lessen confusion on City customers, the
first three stages (Stages 1 to 3) will
regulate customer responses to shortages,
while the latter three stages (Stages 4 to 6)
regu late City water staff response efforts.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 9
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The Calexico City Council will formally
declare the stage of the water shortage,
following a public hearing, upon
determination from City water staff that a
water shortage exists and the WSCP should
be implemented. Following Council
declaration of a shortage stage, the WSCP
will become effective no sooner than the
first billing period on or after the date of
publication of the Council Resolution.

Figure 8.3: City Council Can Declare Shortage Stages
The WSCP will remain in effect until Council
declares the water shortage emergency has
ended. Alternatively, Council may also
change the water shortage stage as
appropriate. However, Council will not
impose mandatory measures without first
conducting a duly-noticed public hearing
pursuant to ewe§ 350 or§ 375.

8.7.4 Communication Protocols
A common understanding on the water
supply situation is essential for the WSCP to
be effective. During a water shortage, the
City will be able to allocate staffing and
8 -10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
resources to inform its customers of the
Council-declared water shortage. In
particular, the City will inform its water
service customers of the following:
• Water Shortage Stage
• Water Use Prohibitions
• City Water Staff Response Actions
The communication protocol will be in place
prior to formal declaration of a water
supply shortage. The frequency and extent
of coordination will be based on the
shortage severity. The City will use the
following resources to communicate with
its customers:
• City Website
• Social Media (i.e. Twitter/Facebook)
• Bill Inserts/Postcard Notices
• Billboard or Digital Message Boards
• Advertisements (Radio & Print)
The goal of the communication efforts will
be to raise awareness of the drought and to
motivate customers to conserve water. The
City should also prepare customers for
possible increases in water shortage severity.

Finally, as mentioned under Priority 1 of
Section 8.7.1, the key goal of communication
is to \promote available water resources,
provide specialized outreach for impacted
industries, including instructions on how to
receive bottled water, and how to
participate in public hearings with City staff.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
City of Ca lexico
Water Shortage Contingency Policies
Chapter 13.40 of
City M unicipal Code
Stage 1 Water Shortage (10%)
Mandatory Conservation Measures.

Warnings Issued
Stage 2 Water Shortage (20%)
Mandatory Conservation Measures.

Penalities Enforced
Stage 3 Water Shortage (30%)
Mandatory and Restrictive
Conservat ion Measures.

Penalities Enforced.

Stage 4 Water Shortage (40%)
Oty Water Staff Actions
Stage 5 Water Shortage (50%)
Health & Sanitation Water Use Only
City Water Staff Actions
Stage 6 Water Shortage (>50%)
Health & Sanitation Water Use Only.

City Water Staff Actions

EXISTING
CITY
POLICIES*
NEW
CITY

POLICIES
New CA Water Code
Requirements
Water Code§ 10632(a}(3}
Stage 1 (10%)
Stage 2 (20%)
Stage 3 (30%)
Stage 4 (40%)
Stage 5 (50%)
Stage 6 (>50%)
Figure 8.4: City Water Shortage Contingency Plan
* Current City Plan Has Four (4) Stages: Stage 1 {15%}, Stage 2 {25%), Stage 3 (35%), and Stage 4 {50%) 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 11
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8. 7 .5 Limitations/Prohibitions
This WSCP hereby establishes prohibitions
on water use, commencing with a Stage I
Shortage, which may include, but not be
limited to, the following:

1. Allowing leaks from customer plumbing.

2. Washing of automobiles without a
bucket or hand-held hose equipped
with a positive shutoff nozzle.

3. Allowing irrigation runoff.

4. Operating a decorative water fountain
without re-circulated water.

5. Operating recreational water features
including City fountains.

6. Irrigation on rainy days or within
specified hours of a rain event.

7. Landscape irrigation for more than 20
minutes (except drip irrigation).

8. Restaurants serving water to their
customers, except when specifically
requested by their customers.

9. Operating a commercial car wash
without re-circulated water.

10. Hotels, motels and other commercial
lodging establishments shall not launder
towels and linens daily, except when
specifically requested by their customer.
8 -12 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Additional prohibitions may also be
enforced, depending on the declared stage
shown in Table 8.3. Moreover, the
prohibitions listed above may also be
adjusted depending on
the severity of the
declared stage. It is the
City's intent to maintain
only three (3) levels of
water use prohibitions
for customers. The other
Stages listed in Table 8.3
will be used for
This WSCP
contains 3 Levels
of customer
prohibitions,
followed by 3
Levels of City
response
actions.
communication purposes with customers
only. The City's Water Division will use
Stages 4, 5, and 6 to implement response
actions by Water Division staff. For
example, the City may implement more
frequent meter readings or water waste
patrols in Stage 4. The City response actions
are listed in Table 8.7 on Page 8-25.

8.7.6 Penalties for Non-Compliance
Penalties for non-compliance of the wateruse prohibitions includes penalties of up to five-hundred dollars ($500) per violation,
per day, in accordance with City code

13.40.070. Also, per City code 13.40.090:
" ... each day such condition continues
shall be regarded as a new and separate
offense."
The City's Code 13.40.060 & 13.40.090 are
included in Appendix Hof this UWMP.

8.8 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
During a catastrophe, the City's response
efforts will consist of City municipal efforts
to coordinate with its citizens (i.e. customer
relations, penalties, prohibitions, etc.) as
well as City water staff efforts to manage
water production, treatment, and
distribution. The City will also work with llD
to ensure water supplies in the AllAmerican Canal are sufficient for the City.

These combined efforts will help ensure
that in the most extreme conditions,
rationing of supplies and allocation to
customers will be accomplished.

The Imperial County Multi-Jurisdictional
Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) in
Appendix 0, adopted in 2015, identifies the
County's risk associated with natural
disasters, including seismic/earthquake
disasters. As of August, 2020, the MHMP is
currently being updated. Other planning
tools, such as the Imperial County
Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) can be
used in conjunction with the resources of
llD's Office of Emergency Management, to
provide for the most effective and
economical allocation of water resources
during an emergency.

The City of Calexico and Imperial County
Fire Departments comply with the California
Standardized Emergency Management
System (SEMS) and the National Incident

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Management System (NIMS). These two
systems enable the City and/or County to
implement the provisions of above-stated
planning documents, including the MHMP,
EOP, and this WSCP.

8.8.1 City Water Staff Response
When a water shortage declaration appears
imminent, the City Manager can activate a
City water shortage response team. The
team would include members of the City's
Departments including: water, fire, police,
recreation, and administration, including
the Mayor's Office. During this time,
mandatory provisions to reduce water use
will be placed into effect.

Figure 8.5: Calexico Fire Department
In the event of a water shortage
emergency, the City's response efforts will
consist of City municipal efforts to
communicate with its citizens as well as City
water staff efforts to manage water
production, treatment, and distribution to
the extent possible. The City will enact
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 -13
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
mandatory prohibitions on water use in
accordance with City ordinances and will
increase media attention to the water
supply situation. Depending on the severity
and cause of the water shortage situation,
the City also can also organize a response
team consisting of the City's own staff,
County of Riverside staff, and PVID staff.

During a disaster, the City's water staff shall
maintain water operations as follows:
• All on-duty personnel will remain on
duty until relieved of duty
• Off-duty personnel will be expected
to return to work or be "on-call"
• Operational shifts will be 12 hours
for the duration of the disaster
In the event that any portions of the City's
water system are without water, the City's
water department staff will carry out the
following operations:
• Assess impact of incident
• Communication with adjacent agencies
• Identify need for and prioritize
locations for water distribution
• Provide for wat er quality assurance or
prepare water quality notices
8 -14 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
• Evaluate, plan, and implement actions
to acquire and distribute water
• Provide information to media as
appropriate
A general summary of City response actions
to catastrophes/disasters is provided in this
WSCP.

8.8.2 Power Outage
In the event of extended power outages,
the City water staff will use standby diesel
generators that will power critical functions
at the water treatment plant. In this way,
the residents of the City would not lose
supply of potable water.

8.8.3 Earthquake
In 2010, the El Mayor earthquake caused
moderat e to heavy damage throughout
Calexico and across the border in Mexicali
Measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale, the
quake was centered about 40 miles south of
the U.S.-Mexico border near Mexicali. A
state of emergency was declared and
officials cordoned off parts of the City. Two
buildings partially collapsed and water
mains were damaged. More importantly,
the Calexico water treatment plant
sustained severe damage.

According to the maps provided by the
USGS, there is one known fault within close

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
"
\
FiutlUvnt: Ttrperialb~
5Kt>1:1t1U111M
f•u\ID Ill
""""'" """"' ~ U tlun9 \ - \ ,. ........ W&!I~ )
\
l Jllff ~-" I « •li'"1iir
-------.

City of Calexico
( .s111t.1lubll
<
,.
~ - =--o=-1
. <.,,.
... """"' ()pO.r..:t'cwl VtltQt
\4pRm(rrM't-1 GIN"Mh'IS.0
..,,.,. ..,...... ~ ... bu..i
-- ~""°'"' l
Figure 8.6: USGS Quarternary Faults GIS Map: Faults Near the City of Calexico proximity to the City. The fault is known as
the Imperial fault. The next-closest fault is
the San Andreas fault, which is located
about 100 miles from the City. The Imperial
fault is shown in Figure 8.6 above.

An earthquake has the potential to damage
drinking water treatment and distribution
facil it ies. Damage to the City's WTP would
completely cut off water supply to the City's
customers, other than a ten {10) day
emergency storage as indicated in Section

8.7.2. Damage to distribution lines due to
shifting ground and soil liquefaction can
result in potential water loss, water service
interruptions, low pressure, contamination
and sinkholes and/or large pools of water
throughout the service area. For these
reasons, earthquakes can potentially
restrict water supplies for a longer period of
time than a power outage or man-made
catastrophe.

In the event of an earthquake that damages
critical components of the water treatment
plant, the City water staff can divert
irrigation water into the potable water
distribution system. The water could be
delivered by diesel powered pumps to the
City's distribution system. Under this
scenario, non-potable water would be
delivered to City customers and the water
must be boiled by each customer prior to
potable water use. The water could be
delivered by diesel powered pumps to the
City's distribution system.

Even if an earthquake does not result in
damage to water production or distribution
facilities, an earthquake could result in a
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 15
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
power outage to some or all of the City's
water production and distribution facilities.

The City's water operations staff will be on
standby alert during an emergency to
respond promptly to water supply
interruptions. Since llD provides electrical
power to the City, the City's water
operations staff will work with llD to restore
power to water supply facilities. In the
interim, the City water staff can utilize
backup power systems, including dieselpowered generators. If the City's facilities are equipped with quick-connect fittings,
this will allow for quick and easy hook-up to
generators brought to the facility. ensures
little down time of pumping facilities during
power failures.

8.8.4 Emergency Water Supply
If the All-American or Central Main Canal is
damaged and unable to transmit water, the
City will water staff will direct the Council to
enforce strict conservation measures. The
City will have approximately ten days of raw
water storage (from their 25 MG raw water
reservoir -see Section cover photo) to rely
on from the time of the emergency
(assuming reduced consumption is in
place).

The City's distribution system does not have
any physical interconnections with other
agencies' pipelines. In the event that an
earthquake damages portions of the City's
8 -16 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
pumping or distribution system, the City
can provide temporary drinking water to
customers through potable water trucks.

This would involve vehicles equipped with
potable water tanks. The City would have to
would have to obtain potable water trucks
from nearby suppliers.

The California Department of Public Health
maintains a list of Licensed Water Haulers,
which includes Imperial County. According
to the most recent data provided by the
State, the closest supplier of potable water
tanks and trucks in Imperial County is Alpha
Site Logistics Inc®, located in the town of
Heber. The next-nearest supplier of potable
water trucks is Roman's Water Inc®, located
in El Centro.

Figure 8.7: Potable Water Tank Trailer
The City can also consider purchasing large
tanks only (500 gallons or more), and
securing them to the back of City trucks.

This will allow the City to distribute water to
customers during an emergency.

8.8.5 Additional Aid
Additional available emergency services
include the California Master Mutual Aid
Agreement and the California Water Agency
Response Network (CalWARN). The Mutual
Aide Agreement was intended to promote a
statewide commitment to aid and
assistance in the event of a disaster. The
WARN agreement, officially called the 2001
Omnibus Mutual Assistance Agreement of
California, enables water and wastewater
agencies in California to enter into a
contractual relationship under which they
voluntarily share resources during an
emergency. During emergencies, WARN
member agencies can access the database
to find up-to-date information on the
quantity, location, and availability of
needed resources from all over the State.

8.9 WSCP ENFORCEMENT & EVALUATION
To properly assess the effectiveness of this
WSCP, the City will need to monitor
metered consumption and production. The
City will also need to track its billing system
to see if fines for violations of water-use
prohibitions have been issued.

8.9.1 Monitoring
Using the City's metering system, the City
will be able to identify not only the
conserved volumes, but also the customers

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
which are in violation of the provisions of
this chapter. In particular, the City can
review data from the following sources:
• Production Meters: Provides an
account of daily water production
• Customer Meters: Provides an
account of monthly consumption
With AMI meter technology, if the City
desires to determine irrigation violations,
the City can monitor those with AMI meters
which will allow the City to view
consumption on a daily or hourly basis.

In addition to monitoring customer use, the
City also has the ability to monitor volumes
entering and exiting the WTP. This data will
also be used as a baseline to measure the
effectiveness of this WSCP.

Figure 8.8: WTP Influent Meter
Under normal conditions, potable water
production figures are recorded daily.

Weekly and monthly reports are prepared
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 -17
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
and monitored. During rationing conditions,
the water budget will be monitored on a
weekly, daily, or hourly basis depending on
the severity of the drought. During a
disaster shortage, production figures will be
monitored on an ongoing basis. The City's
monitoring system will warn of any critical
conditions instantly. In addition, customer
meter readings will be performed more
frequently than the normal bi-monthly
schedule.

8.9.2 Enforcement
During shortage conditions, the City can
implement water-waste patrols, or increase
the frequency of existing water waste
patrols. If City staff are unable to conduct
additional water waste patrols, the City can
contract with outside support to conduct
water waste patrols. However, contracting
with an outside firm would incur additional
costs at a time when revenue is impacted. If
violations are observed, fines/penalties per
Section 8.7.6 can be applied.

8.9.3 Reporting
During a declared water shortage, City
water staff will report water production and
consumption figures to City Council on a
monthly basis. Pending regulations from the
SWRCB will also require the City to report
data to SWRCB on a monthly basis. Thus,
during a declared shortage of the WSCP,
8 - 18 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
City staff will report water production and
consumption figures to both City Council
and the SWRCB on a monthly basis.

8.10 FISCAL IMPACTS

8.10.1 Impacts to Revenue
The City recently completed a Water Rate
Study in 2018, which set forth water rate
increases later the same year (2018). The
City's current water rates (2021) are based
on a fixed monthly service fee and a usage
fee. The rate plan was modeled to capture
the estimated fixed amount of the City's
operational costs. The variable costs are
intended to be recovered by the usage fee
being applied for metered usage. Despite
the recent changes in water rates, during a
water shortage, revenue generated through
water sales will still be impacted. Demand
reductions may result in negative net cash
for a period of time. Table 8.4 below lists
the current residential water rates, which
are the greatest source of income for the
City's water system:

Table 8.4
Current Residential Water Rates
Account Pricing (per 100 CF)
Residential $2.07
Based on the rates above, a 50% decrease
in residential use for next year (2022),
would result in 1,246 MG/year reduction in
residential water use (or 1.67 million CCF)
This would result in the following impacts in
revenue:
• $287,000 in lost revenue per month
• $3.45 Million annual lost revenue
As mentioned previously, the City has a
fixed monthly readiness-to-serve charge to
mitigate the impacts of revenue loss. This
charge applies to all accounts regardless of
consumption. This charge is currently set at
$17.94 per month for residential meters.

These fixed rates help generate revenue
even if no water is used.

In addition to the fixed monthly charge, the
following actions could take place during
water shortages:
• Implement a tiered structure during
water shortages that penalizes
higher usage
• Delay capital improvement projects
• Consider temporary increase of all
water rates to meet operation and
maintenance costs
A combination of the measures outlined
above may be used to offset or diminish the
effects of lost revenues. Capital
construction projects may be deferred as
appropriate. The base water rate may be
increased to cover the general operation,

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
maintenance, system upgrades, and capital
expenditures and then returned to preshortage rates when conditions improve.

8.10.2 Impacts to Reserve Funds
The City carries reserves in the water
system accounts, to fund for needed
improvements to its water system. The
balance of reserves the City is maintained
primarily for facility repair and
replacement. Under a shortage crisis, some
flexibility would exist to dip into these
reserves to help offset loss of revenue.

8.11 THREE-YEAR MINIMUM SUPPLY
As mentioned in Section 7, the City
anticipates the ability to meet water
demand for all climatic conditions for the
near future. Table 8.5 below displays the
minimum water supply available to the City
based on a three-year dry period over the
next three (3)yea~:

Table 8.5
Three-Year Minimum Supply (MG)
Year Supply (MG) Demand (MG)
2021
2022
2023
3,405
3,405
3,405
2,741
2,685
2,598
Based on the above analysis, the City should
expect 100 percent supply reliability during
a drought lasting over the next three years.

It is important to note that the three-year
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN 8 -19
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANN ING
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
minimum supplies shown in Table 8.5 are
worst-case drought scenarios. This does not
take into consideration catastrophic
interruptions to local or imported supplies,
or emergency power outages. Such
catastrophic scenarios would limit water
supplies to a greater degree than a threeyear drought, and would require the response actions described in this Section.

8.12 WSCP ADOPTION AND REFINEMENT

8.12.1 Council Resolution
On .November ##, 202~, following a public
hearing, the City Council adopted
'Resolution No. ###(included in Appendix B)
approving this WSCP. Tables 8.6 & 8.7 on
the following pages provide a summary of
the customer water-use prohibitions and
City water division response actions. This is
based on the water shortage stages listed in
Table 8.3 on Page 8-9.

8.12.2 WSCP Refinement Procedures
The City intends to update and refine this
WSCP as necessary. The WSCP can be
updated in one of the following ways:
• Cyclical Updates
• Data-Driven Updates
• Externally-Driven Updates
The following is a guideline for how the City
will update this WSCP:
8 - 20 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Cyclical Updates
The cyclical updates will be handled by City
staff internally with the assistance of an
outside engineering consultant. Once the
WSCP is implemented, the City will
document the effectiveness of the
customer water use prohibitions listed in
Table 8.6 and the City water staff response
actions listed in Table 8.7. The effectiveness
will be evaluated using the methodologies
under Section 8.9. The WSCP effectiveness
will be documented over the course of five
(5) years, until the next UWMP update. It is
the City's intent to update the WSCP every
5 years, alongside the City's UWMP. The
City will conduct an internal review of the
WSCP prior to releasing a Request for
Proposals (RFP) for the UWMP and WSCP.

This process will provide the City with an
opportunity to revise the WSCP as-needed.

Data-Driven Updates
Data-driven updates to the WSCP will likely
occur mid-cycle or at some point between
the 5-year cycle. The data-driven updates
can be prepared entirely by City staff
(internally) due to the urgency of such
updates. For example, if the City finds that
the fines/penalties listed under Section

8.7.6 are not effective at reducing overall
demand, the City may increase the fines
through an amendment to Chapter

13.40.070 of the City Municipal Code, and
revise Section 8.7.6 herein to reflect the
new fines. Other items of this WSCP can be
updated in a similar manner.

Externally-Driven Updates
Conversely, if the fines are found by the
City's customers to be too punitive, and
Council is petitioned to reduce the fines,
the City can adjust Chapter 13.40.070 of the
City Municipal Code, and revise Section

8.7.6 herein to reflect the new fines. Other

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
items of this WSCP can be updated in a
similar manner.

8.12.3 WSCP Re-Adoption
Once the WSCP is revised, the City Council
will be required to re-adopt the revised
WSCP. This will require a public hearing to
receive public comments on the WSCP. The
revised WSCP will replace the former WSCP,
and will then remain effective until the City
elects to update the WSCP.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 21
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2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
- -
Stage
Stage 1
(<10%)
Stage 2
(10%to20%)
Table 8.6
Prohibitions on Water Use During Water Shortages
Prohibition/Restriction
• No Irrigation between 10 am to 6 pm
• No Person Shall Operate a Decorative Water Feature (Fountains, Ponds, etc.) that Does Not have a Recirculating System
• All Landscape Irrigation Limited to No More than Three (3) Days per Week from June 1 to Oct 31 and No More than Once per Week from Nov 1 to May 31 • All Landscape Irrigation Limited to No More than 20 minutes per Station per Watering Day
• Repair or Isolate Leaks within 72 Hours of Notification by the City • No Washing Sidewalks and Driveways with Water
• Car Washing Only with Bucket or a Hose with Shutoff Valve or Nozzle • Excess Irrigation Runoff is Prohibited
• No Landscape Irrigation During or Within 48 hours of a Rain Event • Restaurants to Serve Water Only Upon Request
• Restaurants to Wash Kitchen and Dining Room with Bucket or Specialized Water Broom Only
• Hotels/Motels to Provide Customer Option of Daily Laundry • Automobile Wash Business Must Use Water Recycling Systems • No Irrigation between 9 am to 6 pm
• Properties located North of Highway 98 shall water on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays only
• Properties located South of Highway 98 shall water on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays only
• For the irrigation days listed above, all Landscape Irrigation Limited to No More than Two (2) Days per Week from June 1 to Oct 31 and No More than Once per Week from Nov 1 to May 31
• All Landscape Irrigation Limited to No More than 15 minutes per Station per Watering Day
• No Refilling of Ornamental Lakes or Ponds, Except to Sustain Aquatic Life • Repair or Isolate Leaks within 48 Hours of Notification by the City • Pools or Spas to have a Cover to Prevent Evaporation
• Cease All Operation of a Decorative Water Features (Fountains, Ponds, etc.) • Cease Operation of Recreational Water Features Including City fountains • No Landscape Irrigation During or Within 72 hours of a Rain Event • Commercial Nurseries shall Use Water Only During the Hours from Midnight to 6 am • Commercial Landowners to Allow Tenants the Option of Replacing Lawns & Landscapes
8 - 22 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Penalty
No
Yes

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I - -------- - -
Stage
Stage 3
(20%to30%)
Stages 4 - 6
(40% or more)
Table 8.6
Prohibitions on Water Use During Water Shortages
Prohibition/Restriction Penalty
• All Landscape Irrigation Limited to No More than Once per Week from June 1 to Oct 31 and No Irrigation from Nov 1 to May 31
• All Landscape Irrigation Limited to No More than 8 minutes per Station per Week • Repair or Isolate Leaks within 24 Hours of notification by the City • car Washing Limited to Only Automobile Washes that Use Water Recycling Systems • No Landscape Irrigation During or Within 1 Week of a Rain Event • Restaurants to Wash Dining Room Once Daily (after dose of Business) and Only with Bucket or Specialized Water Broom
• Restaurants to Pre-Soak Dishes Yes
• Restaurants to Install Solenoid Valve for Sinks with Garbage Disposals • No Commercial Window-Washing
• Apartment Buildings to Certify Low-Flow Fixtures (Showerheads and Faucets) are Installed prior t o Leasing Apartments
• Commercial Buildings and Restaurants to Replace/Install Waterless Urinals • Commercial Buildings and Restaurants to Replace/Install Low-Flow Toilets • Hotels/Motels to Wash Laundry Only After Change of Customer • N/A (Same Requirements as Stages 1to3 Above)
• This Stage Involves Only Operational/Management Response Actions Yes • Customers will be Notified of Shortage Severity and Possible Allocations of Water 1020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 23
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2020
' 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
- - --
Table 8.7
City Water Division Response Actions During Water Shortages -- - Stage
Stage 1
(<10%)
Stage 2
(lOYoto 20%)
Stage 3
(2Cl"Aito30%)
Stage4
(30Yo to 40%)
City Water Division Response Action
• Begin an Enhanced Public Awareness Campaign
• No Refilling of Municipal Ornamental Lakes or Ponds,
Except as Necessary to Sustain Aquatic Life
• Reduced Flushing Frequency
• No New Potable Water Service
• No New Temporary Meters or Permanent Meters
• No Statements of Immediate Ability to Serve or Provide Potable Water Service
• (Will Serve Letters, Certificates, Or Letters of
Availabilit y)
• Suspend Consideration of Annexations t o the City's
Water Service Area
• Establish a Water Allocat ion for Certain Properties
Within the City's Jurisdiction
• Increase Groundwater Pumping
• Issue Water Quality Notices (if Necessary) in Case
Additional Pumping Creates Water Quality Issues
• Coordinate with Adjacent Agencies to Prepare for
Possible Need of Emergency Water when/if Conditions
Worsen
• Notify customers immediately of suspected leaks in
their plumbing
• Repair or Isolate Water Main Leaks within 24 Hours
• Provide Letters to Certain Properties for Allocations Established in Stage 2 Informing Reduction of 10% in
Allocation of Tiered Rate
• Elimination of Specific Municipal Uses such as Hydrant Flushing, Street Cleaning, and Water-Based Recreation
• Rate Increase Study to Mitigate Loss of Revenue
• Further Increase in Rates for Certain Over-Allocation Properties Issued Warnings/Notices in Stage 3
• Increase Frequency of Meter Readings to Once Monthly
in Order to Allow Staff and Customers to Track Progress • Implement Water Waste Patrols (Once Monthly)
• Coordinate with Adjacent Agencies to Receive
Emergency Water via Emergency Interconnections
• Deter Flushing of Mains Until Maximum Allowable Time
for Quality/Safety
• Coordinate with Manufacturers and/or Governing
Agencies to Receive Fleet of Potable Water Trucks
8 ~ 24 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Additional Info
Increased Expense for City
Use Financial Reserve Funds
Increased Expense for City
Use Financial Reserve Funds
Possible Implementation of
Drought Rate Surcharge
Increased Expense for City
Use Financial Reserve Funds
Possible Implementation of
Drought Rate Surcharge
Increased Expense for City
Use Financial Reserve Funds
Possible Implementation of
Drought Rate Surcharge
Defer Capital Projects
~ ii URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
- - -
Table 8.7
City Water Division Response Actions During Water Shortages - - - Stage
Stage 5
(40%to50%)
Stage 6
(>50%)
City Water Division Response Action
• Systemwide Rate Increase to Achieve Necessary
Reduction and to Mitigate Loss of Revenue
• Notices on Government Access Channel (TV)
• Hand-Post Drought Notices on all Customer Properties
(Residential Homes & Commercial Buildings)
• Mobilize Potable Water Trucks
• Decrease Pressure in Water Mains
Additional Info
Increased Expense for City
Use Financial Reserve Funds
Possible Implementation of
Drought Rate Surcharge
Defer Capital Projects
Increased Expense for City
Use Financial Reserve Funds
Possible Implementation of
Drought Rate Surcharge
Defer Capital Projects
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8 - 25
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2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY
8 - 26 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN
SECTION 8: CONTINGENCY PLANNING

i1ct II

9.1 OVERVIEW
The City acknowledges that efficient water
use is the foundation of its current and
future water planning and operations
policies. The City implements water
conservation through a combination of
programs, resources, and policies, and
' prioritizes efforts and programs that are
cost-effective for its operation. To assist the
City with updating its water conservation
policies to State standards, the City was
formerly a member of the California Urban
Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) until
2016. As reported in the City's 2015 UWMP,
the City did not renew their CUWCC
membership, for various reasons. In January

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
c
0 ·-.....
u
cu
V)
2020

CONSERVATION

MEASURES
Conservation
measures,
including those
aimed at water
waste prevention,
are an essential
part of the City's
policies.
2018, the CUWCC became the California
Water Efficiency Partnership (CalWEP).

CalWEP is a quasi-governmental agency
that works in conjunction with the
Department of Water Resources (DWR) to
promote water conservation through "Best
Management Practices" (BMPs), which
were defined roughly as policies, programs,
practices, rules, regulations, or ordinances
that resulted in a more efficient use or
conservation of water.

The main purpose of CalWEP is to assist its
member agencies with public policy,
research, and education tools. Regarding
the UWMPs, CalWEP works with DWR to
help form conservation policies contained
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 - 1
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
in the UWMPs. In previous UWMPs, BMPs
were equivalent to the 14 Demand
Management Measures (DMMs) defined in
the UWMP Act. As of the 2015 UWMPs,
DWR streamlined the 14 DMMs into six (6)
generalized categories, with an additional
seventh (7th) optional category.

9.2 DWR DMMs FOR 2020 UWMPs
The 2020 UWMP Guidebook continues the
same DMM categories for the 2020
UWMPs. The DMMs are intended to reduce
long-term urban demands from what they
would have been without their
implementation. The DMMs are in addition
to programs which may be instituted during
occasional water supply shortages.
i. Water Waste Prevention Ordinances
ii. Metering
iii. Conservation Pricing
iv. Public Education & Outreach
v. Programs to Assess and Manage
Distribution System Real Loss
vi. Water Conservation Program
Coordination and Staffing Support
vii. Other Demand Management
Measures that have a significant
impact on water use
9 - 2 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
As with previous UWMPs, agencies that are
members of CalWEP can submit the BMP
annual reports in lieu of providing a
description of each DMM in the UWMP.

9.3 CalWEP BMPs
An active member of the CalWEP is one that
signs the MOU and implements the water
conservation measures stipulated by the
CalWEP. According to CalWEP, an agency
"implements" a conservation measure by
achieving and maintaining the level of
activity called for in each BMP's definition
as described in the MOU. This requires a
minimum level of staffing and funding
efforts. To document the implementation,
an agency is required to submit annual BMP
reports to CalWEP that document the
implementation of each BMP.

CALIFORNIA

WATER EFFICIENCY

PARTNERSHIP
A Chapter of the Alfo111t1•j1r \\\ttt·r Ellidt•nq·
Figure 9.1: CUWCC became CalWEP in January 2018
The City is not currently a member of
CalWEP. However, as a former member, the
City is familiar with the BMP reporting and
implementation requirements, as described
in this Section. The City is currently
implementing similar conservation
measures as described in this Section.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 9.2: Agricultural Fallowing Helps Conserve Water in the Imperial Valley

9.3.1 2020 Updates to CalWEP BMPs
The CalWEP BMPs remain the same for the
2020 UWMPs. The CalWEP BMPs are broad
measures aimed at reducing water use
either directly or indirectly. Figure 9.2 on
the next page provides a comparison of the
DWR and CalWEP conservation measures.

As noted in the figure, there are two (2)
distinct categories of conservation measures
(rebates & services). The services category
(highlighted in blue and green in Figure

9.2), includes conservation measures that
are currently active in the City.

9.4 CITY CONSERVATION MEASURES
The City actively promotes the reduction of
water demand through various water
conservation outreach programs. As such,
the City's conservation efforts are tailored
to address the characteristics of their
specific community. The City is a developing
"urban cluster" surrounded by miles of
agriculture and open space, the City is
unique compared to many urban "built-out"
water agencies that are governed by the
UWMP Act. Furthermore, the City has only
once source of supply which is not limited
by supply allocations. As such, City's
conservation efforts are tailored to address
the characteristics of their specific
community. Over the past several years, the
City has focused primarily on public
information and water operations-oriented
efforts, including the measures highlighted
in blue in Figure 9.2. For example, the City
recently raised water rates this year {2021),
in accordance with a 2018 Water and Sewer
Rate and Connection Fee Study.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 - 3
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN ·

SERVICES
(ACTIVE MEASURES)

REBATES
2020 UWMP
Conservation Measures
CalWEP BMPs
-
BMP 1: Utility Operations
BMP 2: Education
BMP 3: Residential
BMP 4: Landscape
BMP 5: Cll Programs
CA Water Code
Requirements
Water Code§ 10631(8)
i.

Water Waste Prevention
Ordinances
ii.

Metering
iii.

Conservation Pricing
iv.

Public Education &
Outreach
v.

Water Loss Programs
vi.

Water Conservation
Program - ----- --
Figure 9.3: Conservation Measures for 2020 UWMPs: CalWEP and DWR Compared 9 - 4 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
DMM No. 1: Water Waste Prevention
In August & September 2014, the City of
Calexico passed Ordinance Nos. 1155 and
1156 which amended the City code to
prevent water waste. The purpose of the
new City code is essentially to conserve the
City's water supply for the greatest public
benefit and to adopt provisions that will
change the water-use habits of customers.

Figure 9.4: Water Waste
The City code primarily restricts landscape
irrigation, but also addresses water waste,
car washing, washing down of driveways,
and decorative fountains, etc. More on the
City's Ordinance and Municipal Code can be
found in Section 8.

In 2006, Assembly Bill No. 1881 was passed,
requiring local agencies, beginning January
1, 2010, to adopt a model water efficiency
landscape ordinance that is at least as
effective as the State's model water
efficiency landscape ordinance. Chapter

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

17.03 of the City's Municipal Code covers
Residential Zoning, and allows City staff to
enforce landscaping standards. The City also
has specific submittal requirements for
landscape plans which are covered under
the City's Community Development and
Building Departments.

The City will be looking to update Chapter

13.40 of the City's Municipal Code, based
on the provisions of the Water Shortage
Contingency Plan (WSCP), as presented in
Section 8 of this UWMP. This pertains to
the updates to CA Water Code, Section
§10632(a)(3), which was amended by Sente
Bill 606 in 2019.

DMM No. 2: Metering
The City ordinances currently require
meters for all service connections. Older
meters are inspected and replaced if
necessary. The City reads the meters and
bills customers based on volume of water
used on a monthly basis. The customers are
billed based on the volume of water used,
the size of the meter and the type of
connection. The City keeps records of the
historical usage, meter size and type of
connection. There are no unmetered
customers within the City's service area.

During the 2015 UWMP, the City began
installing Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI) meters. The AMI system is a fixed2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN 9 - 5 SECTION 9: CONSERVATION M EASURES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
base system which involves placing
antennas t hroughout t he City that col lect
data from the water meters at set intervals.

The data is then transferred to a desktop
co mputer. The data is used for individual
users for billing purposes or for alerting the
City if a set water use th reshold has been
exceeded, signaling a possible leak on the
property. If this condit ion arises, the owner
of the property would be notified by either
email or a phone call. As of this 2020
UWMP, the City has completed installation
of AMI meters.

Figure 9.5: AMI-Style Water Meter
Effectiveness of the City's metering is
evaluated by comparison of water use
before meter retrofit to water use after the
meter retrofit, or water use before
cal ibration to after meter calibration. Meter
calibration and periodic replacement
ensures that customers are paying for all of
the water they consume, and therefore
encourages conservation. The City will
continue to meter all new water service
connections. Continued installation of the
9 - 6 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PlAN
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
I
new meters is expected to help the City
achieve its water use targets by providing
accurate water use information to the
customers and the City.

DMM No. 3: Conservation Pricing
The typical meter bill in the City is made up
a fixed service fee based on the size of
meter and a flat (non-tiered) rate structure.

Rates are adjusted annually on July 1 by the
Consumer Price Index (CPI) per the City's
2019 Water and Wastewater Rates
Schedule. The City's water rates were most
recently updated in 2019, and are listed in
Table 9.1 below:

Table 9.1
Current (2020) City of Ca lexico Water Rates
Tier Pricing
Residential
Comm ./M anufact./I ndust.

Construction/Truck
Water for Resale
(100 Cubic Ft.)
$2.07
$3.32
$7.87
$11.30
Although this rate structure does not punish
excessive use of water (as in the manner of
a tiered rate structure), City finds that the
flat rate structure is appropriate for the City
at the cu rrent time. The measure of
effectiveness of the rate structure, in terms
of acting as a catalyst for water
conservation, will be assessed based on
decreases in the total amount of
consum ption, once the annual increases in
water rates become effective.

DMM No. 4: Public Education & Outreach
This conservation measure consists of
distributing information to the public
th rough a variety of methods including
brochures, radio and television, school
presentations and videos, and web sites,
including a school education program that
includes providing educational materials
and instructional assistance. The City
implements two (2) types of public
outreach in the City. These include general
public outreach and school education.

General Public Outreach
Public Information is a primary focus of the
City's conservation program. The City
provides public information programs on
water conservation and other water issues
on an ongoing, year-round basis. Like many
cities, the City's public information program
focuses on three (3) key efforts:

1. Public Information Efforts:

Information materials and multimedia
presentations at Council meetings.

2. Community Relations:

Customer participation programs and
special events.

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

3. Media Relations:

Advertising, press releases and local
media contacts
In general, City employees are encouraged
to discuss conservation measures with
customers over the phone and in-person.

On occasion, the City also offers tours of its
wastewater treatment plant. Overall
activities and expenditures for this DMM
are summarized in Table 9.2:

Table 9.2
Public Information Activities (2016-2020)
Item Y/N
Website/Ads Yes
Inserts/Brochures Yes
Bill Showing Usage Yes
Comparison to Previous
Toilet Tab Rulers Yes
Coordinate with Council to
Inform Residents Yes
Estimated Expenditures $3,000/yr.

The items listed above are not explicitly
listed in the City's annual budgets but are
included in broader expenses.

School Education and Outreach
The City has a school education program to
promote water conservation and water
conservation-related benefits. The program
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 - 7
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
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2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
consists of art contests, presentations,
informational handouts, and tours of the
City's Water and Wastewater Treatment
plant, as shown in Table 9.3 below:

Table 9.3
School Education Activities (2016-2020)
Item Activities
Grades 1st to 6th
Est. Expenditures
Art Contest, Brochures,
Flyers, Tours
$2,000/yr.

The City does not directly measure the
effectiveness of this conservation measure.

In general, however, more public awareness
and education programs give customers
increased knowledge of water conservation
opportunities. Implementation of this
conservation measure is expected to help
the City achieve its water use targets by
educating water users about the
importance of improving water use
efficiency and avoiding water waste.

DMM No. 5: Programs to Assess and
Manage Distribution System Real Loss
A water audit is a process of accounting for
water use throughout a water system to
quantify the unaccounted-for water.

Unaccounted-for water is the difference
between metered production and metered
consumption on a system-wide basis. A leak
detection program typically consists of both
visual inspection and audible inspection.
9 ~ 8 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
Visual inspection includes the inspection of
distribution system to identify obvious signs
of leakage. Audible inspection utilizes
specialized electronic listening equipment
to detect the sounds associated with
distribution system leakage. This process
allows the City to pinpoint the location of
suspected leaks.

The City's surveillance of its water system
to detect leaks is an on-going operation.

The City recognizes the urgency of repairing
leaks and responds to any leak in an
expedient manner. Field employees are
trained in detecting leaks and signs of
unauthorized uses of water. In addition, the
customer billing system flags high or
unusual water bills, which are then
investigated for possible leaks in customer's
piping. When a leak is first noticed, the
pipeline is inspected and promptly repaired.

Figure 9.6: Old, Leaky Water Main
The City has not prepared water audits
since the 2015 UWMP, although one was
prepared for the 2015 UWMP. The audits
are usually prepared in accordance with
CWC Section 10631{e}(3}, using methods
and a worksheet developed by the
American Water Works Association
(AWWA}. The AWWA audit worksheets
require a detailed approach to separate
apparent water losses from overall water
loss totals in order to reveal the actual
"Real Losses" as well as the "Non-Revenue
Water". The AWWA audit defines the
following:
• Water Losses: Water supplied minus
authorized (metered} consumption.
• Apparent Losses: Unauthorized or unmetered consumption and inaccuracies or errors.
• Real Losses: Water losses minus
apparent losses. The actual volume of
water lost through leaks, breaks, etc.
• Non-Revenue Water: Real water losses
plus apparent losses plus unbilled
metered and unbilled unmetered
consumption
Although the City has not recently prepared
AWWA water audits, the amount of water
loss each year is calculated based off the
City's annual supply and demand data. Prior
to 2015, the City averaged nearly 20%
water "loss" or "non-revenue water". This
was likely due to unmetered landscape use
at City-owned facilities (parks, lawns at

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
institutional properties} and older,
inaccurate water meters. The City's 2015
Water Audit recommended replacement of
meters with AMI meters. As previously
mentioned, the City has comp leted
replacement of all meters with new AMI
meters. Based on recent water production
and consumption data in the City (see
Sections 3 and 6}, the City's unofficial water
system losses are shown in Table 9.4 below.
-
Table 9.4
Distribution System Losses {MG)
Y L (MG) Percent ofTotal
ear oss W U ater se
2016 30* 1.6%*
2017 698 26.8%
2018 578 23.7%
2019 86 4.7%
2020 132 7.1%
*In 2016, City was undergoing a Water Meter
Replacement Program. Recorded volumes may have been
inaccurate and therefore an outlier within the calculations.

Based on the data shown in Table 9.4
above, City has made significant
improvements in managing water losses
from previous years. This is likely due to the
installation of the new AMI meters and
better water system management.

Nevertheless, it is recommended that the
City improve testing, repairs, and record
keeping.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 - 9
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
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2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
DMM No. 6: Water Conservation Program
Coordination and Staffing Support
As a small City, conservation activities are
typically a part-time effort. While the City
Public Works Director or Assistant Public
Works Director takes the lead on
conservation activities, City water staff
assists with conservation efforts. Typical
water conservation coordination duties
include answering questions of the public,
coordinating with State and local agencies,
and providing information to customers on
water conservation. Collectively, City water
staff provides the following services:
• Planning conservation policy
• Implementing conservation policy
• Interaction with the City Manager,
Council, and State agencies
The City keeps up-to-date on Federal and
State to requirements to develop new
conservation policies for its service area.

New conservation policies are enacted only
if required or if they result in a substantial
benefit to the City. The associated costs
with this program are approximately $1,000
per month. The effectiveness of the City's
conservation efforts will be evaluated in
light of the amount of water actually
conserved. This program is expected to help
the City make water conservation a priority
for all City staff.
9 -10 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
DMM No. 7: Other Conservation Measures
In addition to the six (6) DMMs described
above, the City participates in programs
that assist residential buildings, commercial,
industrial, and institutional buildings (also
known as Cll properties), and large
landscapes. These three (3) programs are
described below.

DMM No. 7a: Residential Programs
The largest customer class in the City
service area is the residential sector,
accounting for more than half of total water
use. The City therefore has focused the
majority of its conservation efforts on
residential users.

With the AMI meters, the City will be able
to access information proactively. Besides
greater accuracy that helps reduce water
losses, a couple of the benefits of the City's
AMI meter program is
the ability to manage
customer leaks and to
obtain better, moreaccessible information
about City customers
and their water use. The
AMI meters can be read
remotely, with data
The use of AMI
technology has
reduced costs
and increased
efficiency of
residential
surveys.
collecting to the City's SCADA network. The
technology will allow the City to run reports
which identify homes showing a constant
water use in the preceding 24-hour period.

That way, the City will be able to tell if an
on-site audit is necessary.

Figure 9.6: Residential Water Survey
If homeowners are present, they can be
provided with dye tablets or provided with
information to help them locate and fix the
leak. If the homeowners are not present
and the leak is significant, the City can shut
off the water at the curbside meter. Table

9.5 below shows the typical number of
audits conducted per year with the new
AMI technology:

Table 9.5
Estimated Residential Water Audits per Year
. Audits
Type of Audit C 1 d
Electronic from
AMI Meter
omp ete
500
The AMI data can also be used to ensure
compliance with local ordinances,
particularly with landscape watering
restrictions (i.e. if limited to certain days of

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
the week). If customers are watering on
non-irrigation days or during non-irrigation
hours, this can easily be verified and staff
can visit the homes. The penalties range
from a warning on the first incident to $200
for repeat violations. The City can also put a
flow restrictor curbside meter for repeat
offenders.

Not only does the City benefit from the AMI
meters, but customers who want to track
their use can go online to the City's website
and pay their bills (via a 3rd party billing
company). There customers can find
records of past bills and customers can
track their usage and compare usage to
other months. If a customer desires to have
an audit, they can request an audit and the
City can have a staff member perform a
water conservation survey of the home. The
City may recommend low-flow showerheads,
faucet-aerators, high-efficiency toilets,
landscape timers, drip irrigation, and other
items that meet the current water
efficiency standards.

California Civil Code Section 1101.4 and
1101.5 requires that after January 1, 2014,
all noncompliant plumbing fixtures in any
single-family, multi-family residential real
property and any commercial residential
real property be replaced with waterconserving plumbing fixtures when a permit is taken out for building additions,
alterations. Also, State law requires that
after January 1, 2017, noncompliant
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 -11
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
plumbing fixtures in any single-family
residential property be replaced with
water-conserving plumbing fixtures, and
shall be verified at the time of sale or
transfer. The City is currently in compliance
with these requirements, and the City's
building department will verify that these
codes are being enforced when a building
permit is issued.

Residential Assistance (Landscape)
As with the indoor program, customers can
request audits and one can be provided for
them which will help them with landscape
efficiency. The current program based on
AMI data as described previously. The AMI
data is also used to ensure compliance with
local ordinances, particularly the landscape
watering restrictions mentioned in Section

8. If customers are watering on nonirrigation days or during non-irrigation hours, this will be known to the City and
staff can take corrective action. The
penalties can be up to $500 or criminal
action.

Residential Assistance (Plumbing)
Due to funding difficulties with the State's
rebate programs for HE washers and toilets,
the City has not directly participated in the
HE washer and toilet programs in the past
five (5) years. The costs and time of City
staff involvement simply would not be
effective at this time. However, as part of
9 -12 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
its public education and outreach programs
discussed previously, the City does actively
encourage its customers to replace old
showerheads, washers, and toilets with
water efficient ones through 3rd party
rebates. The approximate number of homes
which installed new HE washers and/or
toilets in the past five (5) years is estimated
in Table 9.6 below:

Table 9.6
Estimated HE Washers & Toilets per Year
Washers Toilets
10 25
Also, as mentioned previously, the City's
building department enforces the California
Civil Code Section 1101.4 and 1101.5 for
plumbing fixtures.

DMM No. 7b: Programs for Cll Properties
The City has about 530 commercial,
industrial, and institutional (Cll) metered
accounts, but at only 15% of overall water
use, the Cll sector use does not account for
a large portion of consumption in the City's
service area. The City primarily focuses on
assistance to residential customers.

However, as customers of the City's water
system, Cll users have the same ability to
access their own bills online showing usage
data and make comparisons. If desired, the
Cll customers can request audits and the
City can conduct an audit of the premises.

Table 9.7 below shows the typical number
of Cll audits conducted per year with the
new AM I technology:

Table 9.7
Estimated Cll Water Audits per Year
. Audits
Type of Audit C 1 t d*
Electronic from
AMI Meter
ompe e
so
Like residential properties, if Cll property
owners or representatives are present, they
can be provided with dye tablets or
provided with information to help them
locate and fix the leak. If representatives
are not present, the City can shut off the
water at the curbside meter.

Cll Assistance (Plumbing)
As with residential properties, the City has
not directly participated in the plumbing
upgrade programs for Cll properties in the
past five (5) years. However, as part of its
public education and outreach programs
discussed previously, the City does actively
encourage its Cll customers to replace old
showerheads, washers, and toilets with
water-efficient ones through 3rd party
rebates.

DMM No. 7c: Large Landscape Programs
Due to the City's hot, arid climate, water
demand during the summer months is

URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
much higher than during the winter. Much
of the summer demand placed on the City's
water distribution system is used for
irrigation purposes.

Figure 9.7: CIMIS Stations Measure Rainfall and ETo
The California Irrigation Management
Information System (CIMIS) provides real
time weather information to assist in
irrigation scheduling. Although CIMIS was
initially designed to help agricultural
growers and turf managers develop water
budgets for determining when to irrigate
and how much water to apply, the user
base has expanded over the years. In
addition to those mentioned above, current
CIMIS data users include local water
agencies, fire fighters, air control board,
pest control managers, etc. There are a
number of active CIMIS stations in the
Imperial Valley, including in Seeley and
Westmorland. These stations can provide
evapotranspiration (ETo) information for
the purpose of developing landscape water
budgets and irrigation scheduling.
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 9 -13
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION M EASURES
2020
2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The City restricts outdoor irrigation of
landscapes to no more than 20 minutes
"per station", in accordance with the new
Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP)
presented in Section 8. Further, the City
encourages large landscapes and
landscapes in general to use water efficient
irrigation systems such as drip irrigation,
where applicable.

The City also reviews landscape information
submitted by developers. Prior to the
issuance of a building permit, a landscape
documentation package is submitted by the
developer. Information typically reviewed
by the City includes estimated water use for
irrigation and the irrigation design plan.

After review, the City will issue approval or
will stipulate parameters governing the new
development's water use budget, which
may not exceed 100% of annual ETo.

The City preserves water use records and
budgets for customers with dedicated
landscape irrigation accounts for at least
four (4) years. The records consist of the
9 -14 2020 URBAN WATER MANAGEM ENT PLAN
SECTION 9: CONSERVATION MEASURES
number of accounts with and without
budgets, the amount of acreage and water
use for the accounts, and the assigned
budgets for the accounts.

9.5 CONTINUED IMPLEMENTATION
As described in Section 6, the City's per
capita water use in 2020 was 125 GPCD,
which demonstrates that the City has met
its 2020 urban water use target of 172
GPCD. Although the City has met its targetyear water use, the City plans to continue its conservation efforts described herein for
at least the next five (5) years. The City will
continue to track all program activities.

Program effectiveness and per capita water
use will be monitored through the billing
system. For example, the City can measure
impacts of repairs and replacements,
including leaky mains, by comparing water
use from the previous month. For this
reason, the City will continue to develop its
metering and billing system as a tool to
measure effectiveness of all DMMs.

Appendix A: Council Resolution Adopting 2020 UWMP
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
I
Appendix B: Council Resolution Adopting 2020 WSCP
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix C: UWMP Act
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
I
Appendix D: Dept. of Water Resources UWMP Checklist
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix E: Dept. of Water Resources UWMP Data Tables
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix F: Dept. of Water Resources SBx7-7 Data Tables City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix G: AWWA Water Audits {2015-2020)
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix H: Land Use Element- 2015 City General Plan
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix I: 2013-2021 City Housing Element
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix J: 2020 Consumer Confidence Report
(Water Quality Report)
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix K: UWMP Notices: 60-Days, 2-Week, and 1-Week
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
I
Appendix L: Imperial County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard
Mitigation Plan
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
I
Appendix M: Imperial County Climate Action Plan
City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix N: Final Transmittals to County and State Library City of Calexico 2020 Urban Water Management Plan

Calexico City CouncilFebruary 16, 2022

Calexico City Council
February 16, 2022