Resolution No. 2026-
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CAMARILLO APPROVING THE CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
The City Council of the City of Camarillo resolves as follows:
SECTION 1. General Findings. The City Council finds as follows:
A. Climate change is already impacting Camarillo, with rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and more frequent extreme heat events affecting community members, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Without coordinated global and local action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG )emissions, these impacts are projected to intensify over the coming decades.
B. On September 29, 2021 , the City Council authorized the issuance of a Request for Proposal for consulting services to qualified firms for the preparation of a Climate Action Plan (CAP).
C. On March 9 , 2022, City Council authorized the City Manager to execute Professional Services Agreement No. 2022-24 with Rincon Consultants for preparation of the CAP.
D. On October 25, 2023, the City Council adopted the Sustainability Master Plan for Municipal Operations (SMP) to provide a roadmap for Camarillo’s municipal operations to become more sustainable and resilient to climate change, while reducing GHG emissions. The CAP implements Action M -SL-1.1 of the SMP to prepare a citywide CAP that outl ines specific goals, measures, and actions, as well as realistic timelines for reducing GHG emissions.
E. The CAP present s a vision for a resilient, low -carbon future by promoting measures and actions that protect the environment and enhance public health and quality of life. It supports Camarillo’s goal of reducing GHG emissions, builds on the City’s existing sustainability leadership, and complements the SMP .
F. On October 23, 2025 the Economic Development and Land Use Committee received a staff presentation on the Draft CAP.
G. On November 4, 2025, the Planning Commission adopted a resolution recommending approval of the Draft CAP to the City Council. Following the Planning Commission meeting, revisions were made to the Draft CAP and presented to the Economic Development and Land Use Committee on June 18, 2026.
H. On June 30, 2026, the Planning Commission adopted a resolution recommending approval of the updated Draft CAP to the City Council .
I. On July 8, 2026, the City Council considered this Resolution. Its findings are made based on the entire administrative record including testimony and evidence presented to the City Council on July 8, 2026, including, without limitation, the staff report and resolution submitted by the Director of Community Development.
Resolution No. 2026-
SECTION 2. General Plan Findings. Considering all of its aspects, the proposed CAP will further the goals, objectives, and policies of the General Plan, will not obstruct their attainment and will not frustrate any goal or policy set forth in the General Plan.
SECTION 3. City Council Strategic Plan. The CAP supports City Council Strategic Plan FY 2025/26 , specifically Goal 7 – Sustainability and Environmental Stewardship , to advance sustainable practices in City operations, infrastructure and facilities to reduce environmental impacts and promote long term resilience. Further, the CAP supports Objective 7.1 to implement the City’s SMP.
SECTION 4. Environmental Findings. The City reviewed the environmental impacts of the Project under the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code §§ 21000, et seq. “CEQA”) and the regulations promulgated thereunder (14 Cal. Code of Regs. §§ 15000, et seq., the “CEQA Guidel ines”) and has determined that in accordance with Section 15061(b)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, the CAP is not subject to CEQA review because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the CAP may have a significant effect on the environment. The CAP is a policy document from which projects may be derived; those individual projects will be subject to CEQA.
SECTION 5. Approval. Based on the above findings, and after receiving evidence and testimony at a public meeting, the City Council approves the CAP, attached as Exhibit A and incorporated by reference.
SECTION 6. Construction. This Resolution must be broadly construed in order to achieve the purposes stated in this Resolution. It is the City Council’s intent that the provisions of this Resolution be interpreted or implemented by the City and others in a manner that facilitates the purposes set forth in this Resolution.
SECTION 7. Limitations. The City Council’s analysis and evaluation of this matter is based on the best information currently available. It is inevitable that in evaluating the matter that absolute and perfect knowledge of all possible aspects of the matter will not exist. One of the major limita tions on analysis of the matter is the City Council’s lack of knowledge of future events. In all instances, best efforts have been made to form accurate assumptions.
Somewhat related to this are the limitations on th e City’s ability to solve what are in effect regional, state, and national problems and issues. The City must work within the political framework within which it exists and with the limitations inherent in that framework.
SECTION 8. Severability. If any part of this Resolution or its application is deemed invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, the City Council intends that such invalidity will not affect the effectiveness of the remaining provisions or applications and, to this end, the provisions of this Resolution are severable.
SECTION 9. Electronic Signatures. This Resolution may be executed with electronic signatures in accordance with Government Code §16.5. Such electronic signatures will be treated in all respects as having the same effect as an original signature.
SECTION 10. Office of Record . The record of proceedings upon which this decision is based is located in the Community Development Department, which is the office of record for the same.
Resolution No. 2026-
SECTION 11. The Mayor, or presiding officer, is hereby authorized to affix their signature to this Resolution signifying its adoption by the City Council of the City of Camarillo, and the City Clerk is directed to attest thereto.
APPROVED, AND ADOPTED on July 8, 2023.
David Tennessen, Mayor
ATTEST:
Silvia Jaquez, Acting City Clerk
I, Silvia Jaquez, Acting City Clerk of the City of Camarillo, herby certify that the forgoing Resolution was duly adopted by the City of Camarillo at a regular meeting held on July 8, 2026, by the following vote:
AYES: Councilmembers:
NOES: Councilmembers:
ABSENT: Councilmembers:
Silvia Jaquez, Acting City Clerk
City of Camarillo
Climate Action Plan
FINAL DRAFT:
July 8, 2026
EXHIBIT A
Prepared for:
City of Camarillo
601 Carmen Drive
Camarillo, California 93010
Prepared by:
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
180 North Ashwood Avenue
Ventura, California 93003
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Climate Action Plan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose of the CAP .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 CAP Vision .................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Reduction History .......................................................... 3
1.4 Climate Change .......................................................................................................... 4
2. GHG Emissions and Targets .................................................................................................. 6
2.1 GHG Inventory Purpose ............................................................................................. 7
2.2 2019 Community Inventory Results .......................................................................... 7
2.3 Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Forecast ....................................................................... 11
2.4 Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Targets ......................................................................... 16
3. GHG Emissions Reduction Strategies ................................................................................. 19
3.1 Measure Co-Benefits ............................................................................................... 20
3.2 Measures by Sector ................................................................................................. 21
4. Implementation and Monitoring ........................................................................................ 48
4.1 CAP Implementation ................................................................................................ 48
4.2 CAP Monitoring ........................................................................................................ 78
4.3 CAP Update Schedule .............................................................................................. 78 TABLES
Table 1 City of Camarillo 2019 Community GHG Emissions Inventory ..................................... 9 Table 2 City of Camarillo BAU Forecast Results by Sector (MT CO2e) ..................................... 12 Table 3 State Regulations, Codes, and Programs Included in Adjusted GHG Emissions Forecast ....................................................................................................................... 14 Table 4 Legislative Reductions Considered in Adjusted GHG Emissions Forecast (MT CO2e) ........................................................................................................................... 15 Table 5 City of Camarillo Adjusted Forecast Results by Emission Sector (MT CO2e) .............. 16 Table 6 City of Camarillo GHG Emissions Reduction Target Pathway and Gap Analysis ........ 18 Table 7 Camarillo CAP Co-Benefits .......................................................................................... 20 Table 8 Camarillo CAP Measures List ...................................................................................... 23 Table 9 Cornerstone Measure and Actions Table ................................................................... 26 Table 10 Building Energy Measures and Actions Table ............................................................. 28
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Table 11 Mobility and Land Use Measures and Actions Table .................................................. 33 Table 12 Solid Waste Measures and Actions Table ................................................................... 40 Table 13 Water and Wastewater Measures and Actions Table ................................................ 43 Table 14 Carbon Sequestration Measures and Actions Table ................................................... 45 Table 15 Climate Action Plan Measures and Actions – Implementation Roadmap .................. 50
FIGURES
Figure 1 Timeline of Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Reduction Initiatives ................................... 3 Figure 2 Greenhouse Gas Effect .............................................................................................. 4 Figure 3 City of Camarillo 2019 Community GHG Emissions by Sector ................................ 10 Figure 4 City of Camarillo 2019 Community GHG Emissions Inventory by Subsector .......... 11 Figure 5 City of Camarillo GHG Emissions Reduction Target Pathway and Gap Analysis ..... 18 Figure 6 Camarillo’s Climate Action Measure Structure ....................................................... 20 Figure 7 Camarillo Climate Action Attributes ........................................................................ 21
APPENDICES
Appendix A Regulatory Background
Appendix B Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Appendix C Inventory, Forecast, and Targets
Appendix D CEQA Documentation
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Climate Action Plan (CAP) Project Team would like to acknowledge the significant contributions from the community, City staff , Planning Commission, City Council, and project stakeholders, including the following:
Camarillo City Council
• Mayor David Tennessen
• Vice Mayor Dr. Martita Martinez-Bravo
• Councilmember Tony Trembley
• Councilmember Susan Santangelo
• Councilmember Kevin Kildee
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1. INTRODUCTION
Cities across the State of California (the State /California) play an important role in achieving California’s climate goals for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, which are critical for protecting a livable planet for future generations. Local governments play a fundamental role in reducing GHG emissions by establishing policies to support GHG emissions reduction and prepare for a more resilient future. Community based organizations , community members, and businesses also play a critical role in GHG reduction through their choices and community led initiatives related to energy reliance, sustainable transportation, regenerative food systems, and minimizing waste generation and water use.
Planning documents, such as Camarillo’s Climate Action Plan (CAP), are intended to protect public health and the environment, grow a greener economy, and improve the quality of life for those who live, work, and play in Camarillo. The City will develop policies, identify and promote incentives, and build a foundation of collaboration and support to shift high-emitting sectors to a carbon neutral future. This will require a transformation of Camarillo’s built environment and community behavior. This CAP charts the way forward to a decarbonized, more resilient, future through a suite of scientifically based, community -supported measures and actions . These measures and actions are built from the previous work done by the City and are designed to reduce GHG emissions, meet State goals, adapt to extreme weather, employ reliable and renewable energy, and create equitable access to a more sustainable Camarillo.
1.1 Purpose of the CAP
A. LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND
This CAP aims to support Camarillo’s goal of reducing GHG emissions and will guide the community towards meeting the State GHG reduction goal s established by Senate Bill (SB) 32 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1279.
• SB 32 was signed in 2016 and established the statewide emissions reduction goal of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.
• Assembly Bill 1279, which requires California to achieve “net zero greenhouse gas emissions” as soon as possible, but no later than 2045, and to achieve and maintain net negative GHG emissions thereafter, was signed into law in 2022.
A comprehensive description of regulatory background can be found in Appendix A.
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B. SUSTAINABILITY MASTER PLAN
This CAP builds on existing sustainability leadership in Camarillo and complements the City’s Sustainability Master Plan (SMP), adopted by City Council in October 2023 . The SMP is a living policy document that lays the groundwork for municipal initiatives, enabling the City to achieve its sustainability -related vision and goals for municipal operations in a fiscally responsible, technologically feasible, and efficient manner. Among its actions, the SMP includes Action M-SL-
1.1, which states, prepare a Climate Action Plan that outlines specific goals, measures, and actions, as well as realistic timelines for reducing GHG emissions. While the SMP focuses on municipal operations and demonstrates how the City can lead by example, the CAP is a community-wide initiative that identifies strategies to reduce GHG emissions across all sectors in Camarillo. While similar, these plans are not duplicative. The City will maintain a straightforward oversight system to check in on progress and confirm that work under both plans stays coordinated. Since communitywide emissions are tracked as a whole , and municipal emissions make up a portion or a subset of the community emissions, actions the City takes within its own operations will support and influence community emissions trends. 1 Together, these plans form
an integrated framework for climate action —one in which municipal and community efforts reinforce each other. Achievements for both plans will be tracked using measurable metrics, and progress toward the City’s overall GHG reduct ion goals will be demonstrated through regular GHG emissions inventories.
1.2 CAP Vision
Climate change is already impacting Camarillo, with rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and more frequent extreme heat events affecting community members , infrastructure, and ecosystems. Without coordinated global and local action to reduce GHG emissions, these impacts are projected to intensify over the coming decades. In response, this CAP lays out a bold and inclusive vision for a resilient, low-carbon future. It promotes measures and actions that protect the environment, enhance public health and quality of life, and confirm that equity is embedded in every decision. Camarillo is proud to lead by example. Through collaboration with regional partners and active engagement with our community, we are working together to address climate change. This plan is not just about reducing emissions , it is about creating a thriving, sustainable Camarillo for current and future generations.
1 As detailed more in the CAP Monitoring Section, the City will complete communitywide GHG emissions inventories every two to three years using established protocols aligned with State guidance and climate commitments. These emissions inventories will be used to demonstrate progress around specific measures and actions as trends in the data become more visible.
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1.3 Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Reduction History
Strengthening community response to environmental challenges and building climate resilience are priorities of the Camarillo City Council. As mentioned, the City of Camarillo prepared a SMP for Municipal Operations with the primary purpose of provid ing a specific roadmap for Camarillo’s municipal operations to become more sustainable and resilient to climate change, while reducing GHG emissions. The SMP is intended to help the City lead by example, providing proof of concept for the community to follow regarding key climate initiatives such as renewable energy, building electrification, urban greening, waste innovation , electric vehicles, and active transportation.
In addition to leading by example through the development of an SMP, as shown in Figure 1, Camarillo has also installed a hybrid microgrid; prepared a Wastewater Master Plan that outlines long-term improvements to meet State and federal requirements ; utilizes renewable energy from the Clean Power Alliance (CPA); installed desalters that treat brackish groundwater and produce potable water; and prepared a Zero Emission Bus Roll Out Plan.
Figure 1 Timeline of Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Reduction Initiatives
Collaboration with regional partners is also a key component of the City’s sustainability efforts.
The SMP includes Measure M -SL-3: Foster Regional Collaboration for Sustainability with Local Governments, which outlines actions to work with Ventura County and surrounding jurisdictions to share resources, pursue joint funding opportunities, and coordinate on climate action initiatives that extend beyond the City’s boundaries. This measure provides a framew ork for continued collaboration with the County. Development of this CAP serves as the City’s next step forward to a more resilient, climate-ready future, complementing the SMP by expanding regional collaboration and advancing communitywide emissions reduction efforts.
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1.4 Climate Change
The following section provides background information on GHG emissions, identifies the climate change impacts that the City will most likely experience, and discusses the social vulnerabilities in the community.
A. GHG EMISSIONS BACKGROUND
The mechanisms that drive climate change have been well understood since the middle of the nineteenth century.2 GHG emissions are molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere that trap energy as heat from the sun. The greenhouse effect is the natural process by which gases in the atmosphere trap said heat, acting as a blanket and making the temperature habitable for life on earth, shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Greenhouse Gas Effect
2 Evidence. Available at: https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/. Accessed September 2025.
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Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the eighteenth century, human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have caused large amounts of additional GHGs to be released into the atmosphere , amplifying the greenhouse effect and causing a global change in climate patterns.
In cities, GHG emissions come from four main sectors: buildings, transportation, waste management, and water transport and purification. Though climate change is a global phenomenon, its impacts play out on the local level including causing health impacts, reducing natural resource access, damaging infrastructure, increasing needs for emergency response, reducing tourism, and amplifying the frequency of disasters. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections show that a re duction in GHG emission to carbon neutrality by mid -century is required to limit warming trends to 1.5 degrees Celsius and avoid the worst impacts of climate change. 3,4 Achieving this ambitious climate goal will require coordinated action at all levels of society to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
B. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS
Climate change is projected to impact the community and local infrastructure through extreme heat and warm nights, drought, wildfire, landslides, stormwater flooding, and reduction in air quality. The impacts of climate change will be noticed by community members (especially vulnerable populations ), natural and managed resources, buildings and facilities, and infrastructure and critical services in the City of Camarillo.
The projections described in the text below were taken from Cal -Adapt, an interactive platform that allows users to explore how climate change might affect California at the local level under different emissions scenarios and climate models. The data in Cal-Adapt was then combined with information from the California Fourth Climate Change Assessment to model future changes in specific types of hazards within this assessment. Projections throughout this section are outlined by two separate Representative Concentration Pathways
5 (RCP).6
• RCP 4.5 is a medium emissions scenario where global emissions peak by the year 2040.
3 Summary for Policymakers — Global Warming of 1.5 C. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/. Accessed September 2025. 4 In 2024, average temperatures over 12 consecutive months were 1.5 degrees Celsius higher than preindustrial times. One year does not mean that the entire goal has been missed as these timescales are measured over decades. However, it is a very important metric to monitor and track to confirm the greatest risk of climate change is minimized. WMO confirms 2024 as warmest year on record at about 1.55°C above pre- industrial level. Available: https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/wmo-confirms-2024-warmest-year-record-about-155degc-above-pre-industrial- level. Accessed September 2025
5 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) is a greenhouse gas concentration (not emissions) trajectory adopted by the IPCC. 6 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2024. Cal-Adapt Local Climate Change Snapshot for Camarillo. https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate- change-snapshot/
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• RCP 8.5 is a high emissions scenario in which global emissions continue to rise through the end of the 21st century.
Projections are forecasted to mid -century (2035-2064) and end-century (2070-2099) as 30-year averages to be compared to a modeled historical baseline (1961 -1990).7 The following section provides a high -level summary of impacts, ranging from increased temperatures to changes in precipitation. See Appendix B and the City’s Safety Element for more information.
C. SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
Climate vulnerability is made up of three dimensions: exposure, sensitivity, and a daptive capacity. Vulnerable population groups experience higher risk and increased sensitivity to climate change, with less capacity and fewer resources to cope with, adapt to, or recover from climate impacts. In the City of Camarillo, vulnerable populations include individuals with high outdoor exposure (those working outdoors or experiencing homelessness), under -resourced individuals, individuals facing systemic discrimination (communities of color), and individuals with chronic health conditions or health related sensitivities.
Vulnerable populations in Camarillo are most exposed to and impacted by extreme heat and warm nights, drought, wildfire, and air quality . Climate hazards will also impact natural and managed resources, buildings and facilities, and critical infrastructure and services in the City of Camarillo. Natural and managed resources are highly vulnerable to extreme heat and warm nights, drought, wildfire, and landslides. Buildings and facilities in Camarillo are highly vulnerable to extreme heat and warm nights, wildfire, and air quality impacts. Critical infrastructure and services are highly vulnerable to all climate hazards, including extreme heat/warm nights, wildfire, landslides, riverine and stormwater flooding, and air quality impacts.
2. GHG EMISSIONS AND TARGETS
The City of Camarillo completed a communitywide GHG emissions inventory (Appendix C) using a 2019 baseline year. The i nventory summarizes community -wide GHG emissions from businesses and residents in the community . The following section provides a summary of the communitywide GHG emissions and reduction targets. Additionally, a back-cast of the City’s GHG emissions to 1990 , as well as forecast s to 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045 were developed. The emissions inventory, forecast, and targets are discussed below.
7 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2024. Cal-Adapt Local Climate Change Snapshot for Camarillo. https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate- change-snapshot/
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2.1 GHG Inventory Purpose
Conducting a GHG emissions inventory may be developed to serve the following purposes:
Provide an understanding of where the highest sources of GHG emissions in the jurisdiction originate and where the greatest opportunities for emissions reduction exist. Enable the jurisdiction to understand the scale of GHG emissions from various sources and develop improved GHG emissions accounting and reporting principles. Create a GHG emissions baseline from which the jurisdiction can establish a forecast, reduction targets, and evaluate future progress.
Help jurisdictions understand how best to meet GHG reduction legislative requirements.
GHG inventories are developed by identifying the sources and sinks (sectors) for GHGs within the geographic or system boundary of interest (e.g., the City of Camarillo), establishing activity data for each sector, and applying an emissions factor to determine the carbon dioxide equivalence (CO
2e). The 2019 GHG community inventory references 100 -year global warming potentials (GWP) for each gas that is consistent with the IPCC ’s Fifth Assessment Report, which were also used by the State in their latest GHG e missions inventory. The GWP refers to the ability of each gas to trap heat in the atmosphere. For example, one pound of methane gas has 28 times more heat capturing potential than one pound of carbon dioxide gas. GHG emissions are reported in metric tons of CO
2 equivalent (MT CO2e).
2.2 2019 Community Inventory Results
In 2019, Camarillo’s total GHG emissions were estimated to be 490,710 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e). One MT CO2e is equivalent to the use of 113 gallons of gasoline or driving 2, 547 miles in a standard combustion vehicle .8 Consistent with State guidance, the community inventory was prepared using the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) U.S. C ommunity Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. The community inventory reports GHG emissions by their source sector: energy, transportation, waste, water, and wastewater that Camarillo has geo -political control over. The 2019 inventory focuses on the three GHGs most relevant to the City’s operations: carbon dioxide (CO
2), methane (CH 4), and nitrous oxide (N 2O). To see a detailed assessment of the methodologies and calculations used, please refer to Appendix C.
According to the results of the 2019 inventory, as shown in Table 1, Figure 3, and Figure 4, the largest source of GHG emissions in Camarillo was from transportation, which accounted for 4 7
8 United States Environmental Protection Agency. Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas- equivalencies-calculator#results. Accessed September 2025
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percent of total emissions. This is primarily related to on-road vehicle use, particularly single passenger automobiles (35 percent), as well as commercial trucks and vehicles (nine percent) that operate within the City. Off-road equipment accounted for two percent of overall emissions and includes equipment associated with activities such as construction and operations at the Camarillo Airport. Although the airport is located within the City’s boundaries, it is owned and operated by the County of Ventura. While most airport -related emissions, such as aircraft fuel use, are not included in the City’s community inventory, emissions from off -road equipment operations at the airport and on-road emissions from trips to and from the airport are included, as appropriate, as they occur within the City and represent an opportunity for collaboration with the County to reduce emissions.
910 For example, the Hive Autonomous Innovation Center at Camarillo Airport is an initiative to provide resources for collaboration, testing, and technology development – particularly in advanced air mobility and autonomous systems for a more environmentally conscious aviation future.
The second largest amount of GHG emissions was from energy use (also, 47 percent). Of the energy emissions, building electricity use comprised 28 percent of the total, where nonresidential electric use contributed 16 percent and residential electric use contributed 12 percent. Natural gas use in buildings contributed 19 percent of total emissions. Waste disposal, which emits GHGs through the decomposition of organic material in landfills, contributed five percent of total emissions, while water and wastewater contributed less than one percent of the total each.
9 The County’s current inventory also excludes the emissions from aircraft because the activity and emissions associated are regulated by federal agencies and outside of the County’s jurisdictional control. 10 As part of ongoing CAP implementation, City staff will coordinate with the County to include relevant information and links on City website.
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Table 1 City of Camarillo 2019 Community GHG Emissions Inventory GHG Emissions Sector GHG Emissions Subsector GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) % of Total Emissions Energy Residential Electricity 59,139 12%
Nonresidential Electricity 80,137 16%
Residential Natural Gas 65,009 13%
Nonresidential Natural Gas 28,645 6%
Total 232,930 47%
Transportation Passenger Vehicles 173,870 35%
Commercial Vehicles 43,343 9%
Buses 2,216 <1%
Off-road Equipment 12,080 2%
Total 231,509 47%
Waste Waste Generation 23,904 5%
Water Water Conveyance, Treatment,
and Distribution 113 <1%
Wastewater Wastewater Treatment 2,254 <1%
Total Emissions 490,710 100%
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Figure 3 City of Camarillo 2019 Community GHG Emissions by Sector
Energy
47%Transportation
47%
Waste
5%
Water and
Wastewater
1%
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Figure 4 City of Camarillo 2019 Community GHG Emissions Inventory by Subsector
2.3 Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Forecast
While baseline GHG inventories provide data on Camarillo’s emissions sources for a recent year, GHG emissions forecasts estimate the City’s projected GHG emissions into the future. Forecasts are developed from the baseline GHG inventory and provide an estimate of how Camarillo’s GHG emissions are projected to change in the community over time based on changes in demographics. They also account for legislated actions that are intended to reduce GHG emissions. The forecast is used to better understand the local GHG reductions needed to achieve future GHG reduction while accounting for anticipated future changes. The two forecasts completed as part of this CAP include the following:
• Business-as-usual forecast : A business-as-usual forecast (BAU) based on demographic projections including population, employment, housing, and transportation activity. This type of forecast projects GHG emissions into the future based on 2019 inventories and future projected growth if consumption and transportation patterns did not change from the baseline year of 2019.
• Legislative-adjusted forecast : A legislative-adjusted (adjusted) forecast provides a projection of how GHG emissions are likely to change over time due to the
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implementation of State regulations. State legislative included in this forecast include reasonably foreseeable regulations that are required are anticipated to result in mandatory GHG reductions as summarized in Appendix C.
BUSINESS-AS-USUAL FORECAST
The BAU GHG emissions forecast s were developed to quantify future emissions in Camarillo through 2045. It was developed based on the future demographic forecasts from the County of Ventura Department of Finance. The forecasts are based on percentage growth rates for population, employment, housing , and VMT relative to 2015 for forecasted years. More information on demographic data and how they were accounted for in the forecast can be found in Appendix C. A summary of Camarillo’s BAU forecast through 2045 is shown below in Table 2.
Table 2 City of Camarillo BAU Forecast Results by Sector (MT CO2e) GHG Emissions Sector
2019
(GHG Inventory) 2030 2035 2040 2045
Energy 232,931 242,743 247,236 249,671 252,105
Residential Electricity1 59,139 61,729 62,442 62,811 63,180 Nonresidential Electricity1 80,138 83,466 85,745 87,008 88,271 Residential Natural Gas2 65,009 67,856 68,640 69,045 69,451 Nonresidential Natural Gas2 28,645 29,692 30,408 30,806 31,203 Transportation 231,509 254,704 265,395 276,341 287,366
Passenger Vehicles3 173,870 184,260 188,983 193,706 198,429 Commercial Vehicles3 43,343 55,032 60,345 65,658 70,971 Public Transit3 2,216 2,092 2,129 2,384 2,681
Off-road Equipment 12,080 13,320 13,939 14,593 15,285
Waste 23,903 24,994 25,448 25,689 25,930
Waste Generation 23,903 24,994 25,448 25,689 25,930
Water 113 119 121 122 123
Water Consumption 113 119 121 122 123
Wastewater 2,254 2,357 2,400 2,423 2,446
Wastewater Treatment 2,254 2,357 2,400 2,423 2,446
Total 490,710 524,917 540,600 554,245 567,969
Change Since 2019 (%) N/A 7% 10% 13% 16%
Notes: all values are presented in MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. N/A = not applicable. 1,2 Electricity and natural gas sectors include emissions from Transmission & Distribution losses and pipeline/end-use leakage, respectively.
3 Passenger Vehicles, Commercial Vehicles and Public Transit include GHG emissions from electric vehicle miles traveled.
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ADJUSTED FORECAST
Several State regulations have been enacted that would reduce the City’s GHG emissions in 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045. The impact of these regulations was quantified and incorporated into the adjusted forecast to give a more precise picture of future GHG emissions changes and Camarillo’s GHG reduction responsibilities . The adjusted forecast incorporates State legislation aimed at reducing GHG emissions from transportation, building energy efficiency, and renewable electricity. Table 3 provides a brief overview of each regulation included in Camarillo’s adjusted GHG emissions forecast. More information on California Climate regulations and how they were accounted for in the forecast can be found in Appendix C.
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Table 3 State Regulations, Codes, and Programs Included in Adjusted GHG Emissions Forecast Metric
Regulations, Codes,
and Programs Description
California
Renewables
Portfolio
Standard (RPS)
SB 1078 (2002) Established California’s RPS, requiring electricity providers (i.e., utilities, cooperatives, and community choice aggregators) to increase the amount of electricity generated from eligible renewable resources by at least one percent per year, reaching 20 percent by 2017.
SB 350 (2015) Expanded RPS to require 50 percent eligible renewable electricity by 2030.
SB 100 (2018) Accelerated RPS to require 60 percent eligible renewable electricity by 2030 and set a goal of 100 percent carbon-free electricity retail sales by 2045.
SB 1020 (2022) Established interim eligible renewable electricity targets of 90 percent by 2035 and 95 percent by 2040, reinforcing the 100 percent clean electricity mandate by 2045 set by SB 100 (2018).
Title 24 of the
California Code
of Regulations
(Title 24, 2022)
2022 Building
Energy Efficiency
Standards
Updated Title 24 (2022) standards to support building decarbonization through stronger efficiency requirements, expanded solar and battery storage mandates, and the inclusion of electric-ready provisions for new construction.
Transportation Advanced Clean
Cars Program
(2012)
1 An emissions-control program combining the control of smog, soot causing pollutants, and GHG emissions into a single coordinated package of requirements for passenger cars and light trucks model years 2017 through 2025.
Advanced Clean
Trucks (2020)2
Sets a zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) percent-of-sales requirement on medium- and heavy- duty vehicle manufacturers to promote increased truck ZEV sales from 2024 to 2035.
AB 1493 (2002) Known as the “Pavley Standards” and requires vehicle manufacturers to reduce GHG emissions from new passenger vehicles and light trucks from 2009 through 2016.
Innovative Clean
Transit (2018)
Requires all public transit agencies to gradually transition to a 100 percent zero-emission bus fleet.
Notes: RPS = Renewable Portfolio Standard; SB = Senate Bill; ZEV = zero-emission vehicle; AB = Assembly Bill. 1 The Advanced Clean Cars II Program was approved by CARB in 2022 and expands the program’s roadmap so that by 2035 all new cars and passenger trucks will be ZEVs. While the program update will lead to an expedited timeline for ZEV adoption in California compared to the initial Advanced Clean Cars Program (2012), modeling data is not yet available. GHG emissions reduction attributable to the Advanced Clean Cars II Program was, therefore, excluded from Camarillo’s adjusted GHG emissions forecast. 2 While the GHG emissions reduction associated with Advanced Clean Trucks (2020) was included in the adjusted forecast via inclusion in CARB’s 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC2021) model, it was removed in Table 6 due to the Federal government’s revocation of the waiver for the regulation.
In the resulting adjusted GHG emissions forecast, the electricity sector shows a significant decline, reaching zero by 2045 due to strict Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) mandates from SB 100 (2018) and SB 1020 (2022). Conversely, natural gas emissions are projected to rise until 2045, driven by growth in housing and employment. This increase is somewhat mitigated by the more rigorous efficiency standards for new residential buildings under Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (Title 24, 2022). Transportation emissions are anticipated to vary between 2019 and 2045. While current regulations will lower GHG emissions until around 2030, the impact
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of these standards will diminish over time, and with rising VMT, the pace of emissions reduction in the transportation sector will decelerate as 2045 approaches. Emissions from wastewater and solid waste are expected to grow through 2045, with the growth in population. A summary of the reductions from the BAU forecast that can be expected under the adjusted forecast are provided in Table 4 below. More detailed projected GHG emissions under the adjusted forecast by sector and year through 2045 can be found below in Table 5 and Appendix C.
Table 4 Legislative Reductions Considered in Adjusted GHG Emissions Forecast (MT CO2e) Legislation 2030 2035 2040 2045
California RPS 44,822 124,617 140,468 156,379
Title 24 (2022) 2,571 3,687 4,290 4,893
Transportation Legislation (Advanced Clean Cars Program, 2012; Advanced Clean Trucks, 2020; Pavley Standards, 2002; Innovative Clean Transit, 2018)1
47,017 64,084 75,391 83,836
Total 94,409 192,388 220,149 245,108
Notes: all values are presented in MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. RPS = Renewable Portfolio Standard. Values may not add up to totals due to rounding.
1 While the GHG emissions reduction associated with Advanced Clean Trucks (2020) was included in the adjusted forecast via inclusion in CARB’s 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC2021) model, it was removed in Table 6 due to the Federal government’s revocation of the waiver for the regulation.
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Table 5 City of Camarillo Adjusted Forecast Results by Emission Sector (MT CO2e) GHG Emissions Source
2019 (GHG
Inventory) 2030 2035 2040 2045
Energy Sector Total 232,931 196,421 123,903 112,216 100,343 Residential Electricity1,2 59,139 40,413 10,159 5,094 0 Non-residential Electricity1,2 80,138 58,780 14,979 7,568 0 Residential Natural Gas3 65,009 67,657 68,386 68,763 69,140 Non-residential Natural Gas3 28,645 29,692 30,408 30,806 31,203 Transportation Sector Total 231,509 206,656 196,441 193,758 194,144 Passenger Vehicles4 173,870 145,201 137,038 135,894 136,107 Commercial Vehicles4 43,343 46,297 43,829 42,170 42,085 Public Transit4 2,216 1,838 1,635 1,100 667
Off-road Equipment 12,080 13,320 13,939 14,593 15,285
Waste 23,903 24,994 25,448 25,689 25,930
Waste Generation 23,903 24,994 25,448 25,689 25,930
Water 113 84 21 11 0
Water Consumption1 113 84 21 11 0
Wastewater 2,254 2,357 2,400 2,423 2,446
Wastewater Treatment 2,254 2,357 2,400 2,423 2,446
Total GHG Emissions 490,710 430,508 348,212 334,096 322,862 Change Since 2019 (%) N/A -12% -29% -32% -34%
Notes: all values are presented in MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; values may not add up to total due to rounding. N/A = not applicable.
1 Emissions are estimated to reduce to zero MT CO2e due to RPS requirements established by SB 100 (2018) and SB 1020 (2022) which specify electricity must be procured from 100 percent renewable and carbon free sources by 2045. 2,3 Electricity and natural gas sectors include emissions from Transmission & Distribution losses and pipeline/end-use leakage, respectively.
4 Passenger, Commercial, and Bus Total VMT include GHG emissions from electric vehicle miles traveled (EVMT).
2.4 Camarillo’s GHG Emissions Targets
GHG reduction targets are used for climate action planning to establish measurable metrics intended to guide the community’s progress with reducing GHG emissions over time. Over the past 20 years, California has implemented various laws, regulations, policies, and programs to cut GHG emissions, becoming a leader in climate action. CARB recommends that local
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jurisdictions establish community-wide GHG reduction targets that support the State’s goals and contribute to limiting cumulative climate impacts. Key legislation guiding California’s climate action includes SB 32 (2016) and AB 1279 (2023), which set s tatewide GHG reduction goals for 2030 and 2045:
• Senate Bill 32 (2016): Mandates a 40 percent reduction in statewide GHG emissions below 1990 levels by 2030. CARB’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan outlines the path to achieve this goal.
• Assembly Bill 1279 (2023): Requires California to achieve carbon neutrality no later than 2045, defined as an 85 percent reduction in statewide GHG emissions. CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality (2022 Scoping Plan) details the strategy to meet this goal.
Camarillo’s 2030 and 2045 GHG emissions targets were set in relation to 1990 GHG emissions levels to align with California’s legislative requirements. Because a GHG emissions inventory does not exist for Camarillo in 1990, historical emissions levels were estimated using a State -level emissions change metric. The resulting 1990 emissions level is presented in Table 6. For additional details on the 1990 back cast , reference Appendix C. With the estimated 1990 emissions levels, targets can be set in comparison to 1990 levels and the GHG forecasts to determine the GHG emissions reduction needed through local action.
To align with the State’s climate goals and recommendations, Camarillo has adopted a target pathway to reduce GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and to achieve net zero emissions by 2045. This trajectory translates to reducing emissions to 325,326 MT CO 2e by 2030
and reaching carbon neutrality by 2045. This pathway aligns with the 2030 target established by SB 32 (2016) and makes substantial progress toward the long -term carbon neutrality goal outlined in AB 1279 (2023) . Table 6 and Figure 5 summarize the target pathway and the associated GHG emissions reduction gap. The gap represents the GHG emissions reduction that Camarillo must meet through local action.
The next chapter presents the strategies Camarillo will implement to move towards the 2030 target and make substantial progress towards the 2045 target for carbon neutrality through local action.
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Table 6 City of Camarillo GHG Emissions Reduction Target Pathway and Gap Analysis Emissions Forecast or Pathway 1990 2019 2030 2035 2040 2045 Adjusted Forecast (MT CO2e) 542,210 490,710 430,508 348,212 334,096 322,862 ACT Regulation Amendment1 0 0 -434 -2,105 -3,996 -4,323 Target Pathway Emissions (MT CO2e)2 542,210 490,710 325,326 216,884 108,442 0 Percent Reduction Below 1990 Levels 0% 9% 40% 60% 80% 100% Remaining Emissions Reduction Gap (MT CO2e) 0 0 105,616 133,433 229,650 327,185 Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Emissions have been rounded to the nearest whole number and therefore sums may not match. 1 While the GHG emissions reduction associated with Advanced Clean Trucks (2020) was included in the adjusted forecast via inclusion in CARB’s 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC2021) model, it is removed here due to the Federal government’s revocation of the waiver for the regulation.
2 The target pathway is calculated by reducing 1990 emissions by 40% in 2030 and by 100% in 2045. This provisional target pathway is consistent with both SB 32 and a trajectory set forth to achieve AB 1279.
Figure 5 City of Camarillo GHG Emissions Reduction Target Pathway and Gap Analysis
2030 Reduction Gap
(105,616) MT CO2e
2045 Reduction Gap
(327,185) MT CO2e
2030 Target
325,326 MT CO2e
0 100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2019 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
GHG Emissions Reduction Gap
1990 Baseline
BAU Forecast
Adjusted Forecast
Target Pathway
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3. GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTION STRATEGIES
The City has developed a set of GHG emissions reduction measures to help the community reduce and sequester emissions in pursuit of Camarillo’s 2030 emissions reduction target and long-term progress toward carbon neutrality by 2045. Most measures focus on reducing emissions by avoiding their release during energy and water use, transportation, and waste generation. Other measures, such as those related to carbon sequestration, are designed to capture and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. These measures are essential to meeting both the State’s and Camarillo’s long -term goal of carbon neutrality because they aim to offset emissions from hard-to-decarbonize sectors.
The measures address a range of community sectors. Building Energy measures promote electrification of buildings, increased access to renewable energy, and improved energy efficiency. Mobility and Land Use measures support active transportation, enhanced public transit, and multi-modal connectivity to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and accelerate the adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). Solid Waste measures aim to minimize the amount of organic material sent to landfills, while Water and Wastewater measures focus on reducing water use and associated emissions. Carbon Sequestration measures include applying compost to local lands and developing Camarillo’s Community Urban Forest Plan.
By implementing these strategies, Camarillo will not only support the State’s climate goals but also benefit from new funding opportunities, foster regional collaboration, and realize communitywide co-benefits. This chapter outlines the GHG reduction strategies, measures, and actions, organized by the emissions reduction hierarchy shown in Figure 6.
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Figure 6 Camarillo’s Climate Action Measure Structure
3.1 Measure Co-Benefits
While this CAP focuses on reducing GHG emissions, the measures were also designed to deliver additional co -benefits that extend beyond emissions reduction. These co -benefits will create lasting positive impacts and support Camarillo in advancing its long-term community vision. Each CAP measure includes co-benefits, as described in Table 7.
Table 7 Camarillo CAP Co-Benefits
Co-benefit Description
Cost Savings Refers to the reduction in expenses that can be achieved through various measures, such as improving operational efficiency, reducing waste, or utilizing renewable resources, as well as the acquisition of grant funding, which reduces the direct costs to the City.
Improved Public Health Refers to creating a healthier community with less respiratory illnesses by improving indoor and outdoor air quality, improving life and property safety through efforts to increase adaptive capacity, and improving quality of life and comfort by creating more opportunities for physical activity, increasing access to green spaces, and maintaining thermal comfort.
Increased Resilience Refers to the ability of our community to withstand and recover from environmental and social challenges, such as natural disasters, economic disruptions, or social unrest.
Protection of Natural
Resources
Refers to the preservation and conservation of natural ecosystems and the biodiversity they support.
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Skill-building and Educational
Opportunities
Refers to the opportunities for residents and City staff to develop new skill sets and expertise in areas related to sustainability.
3.2 Measures by Sector
For community-focused climate action to be effective and achievable, measures often need to be activated around and guided by multiple key attributes. Camarillo’s CAP is built on six attributes that are essential for successful implementation. Each measure is designed to reflect and incorporate these six attributes , where feasible. The attributes are defined below in Figure
7. Figure 7 Camarillo Climate Action Attributes
Feasibility: Actions that help the City understand the costs, benefits, obstacles, and opportunities associated with programs, policies, and ordinances to make decisions that best serve the community.
Education: Actions to increase community awareness of programs available to reduce individual contributions to GHG emissions and increase resilience and to establish or strengthen communication channels between the City and the communities it serves.
Equity: Actions that engage vulnerable populations in the decision-making process and establish policies and programs to provide vulnerable populations with the resources to benefit from each measure’s objectives in an equitable manner.
Funding: Actions that provide the financial backing (e.g., grant funding, rebates, financial incentives) and adequate City staffing to establish, implement, and maintain a program.
Partnerships: Actions that establish partnerships with external government entities, including Tribes, and community-based organizations to leverage their expertise, resources, and networks to implement programs and policies the City would not be able to achieve alone.
Structural Change: Actions that change existing City programs, policies, and ordinances to allow the City and community to reach the target established within a measure.
Each measure and its associated actions vary in the level of effort and resources required for implementation. Feasibility studies and education-related actions typically require staff time and, in some cases, consultant support. Partnership actions often involve sustained staff time to foster and maintain relationships with external organizations. Structural changes, such as updates to ordinances or City programs, may incur costs associated with staff and consultant time as well as
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potential capital investments. Understanding these general ranges of effort helps the City prioritize actions and allocate resources efficiently throughout CAP implementation.
Table 8 presents the measures associated with each sector of the CAP and outlines the co - benefits associated with each measure.
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Table 8 Camarillo CAP Measures
Measure Identifier Measure Text Co-benefits
Cornerstone to Climate Action Planning
Cornerstone 1 Create a comprehensive Safe Pathways program to foster safe and connected active transportation networks throughout the community.
• Improved Public Health
Building Energy
Building Energy 1 Reduce CPA 100% Green Power opt-out rates to 10% by 2030 and maintain through 2040.
• Improved Public Health
Building Energy 2 Electrify 95% of new construction by 2026 or achieve equivalent reductions in GHG emissions.
• Cost Savings
• Improved Public Health
• Skill-building and
Educational Opportunities
Building Energy 3 Electrify existing residential and commercial buildings to reduce natural gas consumption.
• Cost Savings
• Improved Public Health
Building Energy 4 Increase generation and storage of local renewable energy by supporting distributed energy resources such as solar, wind, and battery systems, and by supporting the development of resilient microgrids that can operate independently during grid disruptions. • Increased Resilience
Mobility and Land Use
Mobility and Land
Use 1
Establish safe active transportation infrastructure to connect residents to community resources such as the downtown core, parks, trails, commercial office areas, and public transit stops to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis score by 2045. • Improved Public Health
Mobility and Land
Use 2
Expand Camarillo Area Transit’s fixed-route and trolley coverage across community wide residential zones, commercial zones, and Metrolink station to increase public and shared transit mode share from 1% to 2% by 2030 and to 6% by 2045.
• Improved Public Health
Mobility and Land
Use 3
Decarbonize long-distance VMT by increasing public charger access from 100 to 481 chargers by 2030 at key commercial centers (outlet mall, Camarillo airport, Camarillo Train Station).
• Improved Public Health
Mobility and Land
Use 4
Decarbonize internal trip VMT by increasing passenger zero- emission vehicle adoption to 26% by 2030 and 100% by 2045. • Improved Public Health
Mobility and Land
Use 5
Increase commercial zero-emission vehicle adoption to 15% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
• Improved Public Health
Mobility and Land
Use 6
Electrify or otherwise decarbonize 12% of off-road equipment in Camarillo by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
• Improved Public Health
Solid Waste
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Measure Identifier Measure Text Co-benefits
Solid Waste 1 Implement SB 1383 and reduce landfilled organic waste to assist the State in achieving the goal of 75% by 2030.
• Cost Savings
• Protection of Natural
Resources
Solid Waste 2 Increase reuse, repair, and recycling to reduce inorganic waste generation.
• Increased Resilience
Water and Wastewater
Water and
Wastewater 1
Continue water conservation and efficient water use public outreach.
• Cost Savings
Water and
Wastewater 2
Continue to look for cost effective opportunities to expand use of local recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Plant. • Cost Savings
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon
Sequestration 1
Increase carbon sequestration in the community by achieving SB 1383 procurement requirements (0.08 tons recovered organic waste per person annually to meet SB 1383 requirements) by 2030. • Protection of Natural
Resources
• Skill-building and
Educational Opportunities
Carbon
Sequestration 2
Increase carbon sequestration and reduce urban heat island effect by adopting policies developed through the Community Urban Forest Plan.
• Improved Public Health
• Increased Resilience
• Protection of Natural
Resources
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A. CORNERSTONE MEASURE
As the cornerstone measure, Cornerstone 1 exemplifies the key attributes of climate action — feasibility, funding, structural change, partnerships, education, and equity — and demonstrates how bold yet practical local solutions can align with Camarillo’s values of safety, accessibility, and sustainability. Cornerstone 1, Create a Comprehensive Safe Pathways Program, reflects Camarillo’s deep commitment to community safety and educational access by fostering safe, connected active transportation networks. Designed to reduce GHG emissions while improving health and mobility, this measure prioritizes walkable and bikeable routes between schools, parks, and community destinations, reducing car dependence for short trips and supporting a cleaner, healthier City.
To facilitate effective implementation, the City will begin with an analysis of existing bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure along high -traffic corridors , particularly those connecting neighborhoods to schools and community amenities. This assessment will include a focus on equity, identifying areas where infrastructure gaps or barriers like freeways and busy roads limit access for historically marginalized or geographically disconnected communities. Building on these findings, Camarillo will develop and implement a Safe Pathways Plan with a prioritized list of infrastructure improvements such as shared-use paths, separated bikeways, bike boulevards, and pedestrian enhancements. The plan will also identify underutilized roadways for potential conversion into active transportation corridors and include strategies to reduce vehicle speeds near key destinations.
Camarillo will dedicate staff time and resources to pursue funding opportunities from S tate programs such as the Caltrans Active Transportation Program, Highway Safety Improvement Program, and California Office of Traffic Safety. These funds will support both the development and implementation of the Safe Pathways Plan, including infrastructure buildout and complementary programs. The City will also embed equity in the process by partnering with community-based organizations to engage historically underserved residents. This outreach will help identify specific needs, such as a lack of access to bicycles or safety equipment and inform plan components that remove participation barriers and increase safety for all.
A strong network of regional and local partners will help make this measure a success. The City will work closely with the Camarillo Police Department, Pleasant Valley School District, California State University Channel Islands, youth sports leagues, and groups like Bike Ventura County to host safety workshops, launch walking school buses, and create safe, designated pick -up and drop-off zones. Through this coordinated effort, Cornerstone 1 will not only reduce transportation-related emissions, but also st rengthen community bonds, support local youth, and reinforce Camarillo’s identity as a safe and sustainable city. This cornerstone measure
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demonstrates how values-driven climate action can deliver tangible benefits to residents while advancing long-term GHG reduction goals.
Table 9 Cornerstone Measure and Actions Table
Cornerstone
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Cornerstone 1 Create a comprehensive Safe Pathways program to foster safe and connected active transportation networks throughout the community.
Cornerstone 1.a Feasibility Conduct an analysis of existing bicycle and pedestrian conditions along routes to schools, parks, highly visited shopping centers, and community centers prior to the development of the Safe Pathways Plan. The analysis will include factors such as access to bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure with a focus on identifying existing inequalities (e.g., neighborhoods currently disconnected from schools due to freeways and other busy roads).
Cornerstone 1.b Structural
Change
Develop and implement a Safe Pathways Plan focused on creating safe and connected active transportation networks throughout the City with connectivity to schools, parks, and community centers. The plan shall include:
A prioritized list and implementation schedule of bikeways to install along routes including shared-use paths, buffered bike lanes, bike boulevards, and separated bikeways.
Analysis of underutilized roadways that can potentially be converted into dedicated active transportation routes.
Investigation of bicycle parking infrastructure improvements, as well as equipment repair infrastructure at schools and recreational locations along routes.
A schedule for reducing vehicle speed limits at prioritized locations. Available funding sources for infrastructure buildout.
Cornerstone 1.c Funding Dedicate staff time to identifying and pursuing funding for the development of the Safe Pathways Plan and planned infrastructure build-out from several State programs (e.g., Caltrans Active Transportation Program, Caltrans Highway Safety Improvement Program, California Office of Traffic Safety).
Cornerstone 1.d Equity Partner with community-based organizations with connections to historically marginalized community members to directly engage historically marginalized community members in the development of the Safe Pathways Plan to identify and address existing conditions, equity impacts, and implementation concerns (e.g., work schedules may not permit parents to accompany students to/from school, barrier to purchasing/maintaining bicycles and appropriate safety equipment).
Cornerstone 1.e Education Provide regular project updates to the community via various modes of communication to explain the benefits of safe pathways for all community members and what safe pathways mean in the City of Camarillo. Host a series of listening sessions for community members to discuss challenges with the Safe Pathways Plan, allowing the City to address those concerns and implement necessary improvements.
Throughout the process, provide clear opportunities and examples of how community
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Cornerstone
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
members can participate in the planning and implementation process, including what they can do at home and in their communities.
Cornerstone 1.f Partnership Partner with the Camarillo Police Department, Pleasant Valley School District, California State University, Channel Islands, youth sports leagues, and/or community groups such as Bike Ventura County to conduct traffic safety workshops, establish walking school buses, and create designated carpool drop-off/pick-up zones to support the implementation of the Safe Pathways Plan.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
B. BUILDING ENERGY MEASURES
Camarillo’s building energy sector focuses on accelerating the transition to clean, renewable energy sources; advancing electrification in new and existing buildings; and expanding access to local renewable energy generation and storage. These efforts are designed to significantly reduce GHG emissions associated with building energy use , which is one of the largest sources of communitywide emissions. As a CPA member, Camarillo has access to 100% renewable electricity options and can work closely with CPA and Southern California Edison (SCE) to support clean energy programs, expand participation in renewable electricity plans, and promote local energy resilience.
Building Energy 1 focuses on increasing community participation in CPA’s 100% Green Power option by reducing opt -out rates to 10% or less by 2030. This will be achieved through public education, structural policy changes to make 100% Green Power the defaul t, and financial support for income -qualified customers. Building Energy 2 aims to electrify 95% of new construction by 2026 through feasibility analysis, outreach to developers, code updates, and workforce training. The measure emphasizes equitable implementation, with cost mitigation strategies for affordable housing and minimal exemptions for electrification requirements.
Building Energy 3 targets a reduction in natural gas use in existing buildings through retrofit incentives, education campaigns, and streamlined permitting for electric appliances. Both measures prioritize outreach to low- and moderate-income households and small businesses, so they benefit from cost savings and clean energy upgrades. Building Energy 4 supports the expansion of distributed energy resources, including solar, battery storage, and microgrids. The City will streamline permitting, target funding to underserved areas, and partner with regional agencies to identify strategic sites and maximize grid benefits.
Together, these building energy measures will reduce natural gas consumption, expand access to clean electricity, and promote community resilience. By combining structural changes with strong community engagement, workforce development, and equity -driven implementation
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strategies, Camarillo’s approach will help create a low -carbon, cost-effective, and future -ready energy system for all residents and businesses.
Table 10 Building Energy Measures and Actions Table
Building Energy
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Building Energy 1 Reduce CPA 100% Green Power opt-out rates to 10% by 2030 and maintain through 2040.
Building Energy 1.a Feasibility Work with CPA to conduct an annual analysis of opt-out rates in the community and expand the research to understand the community’s concerns with switching to 100% renewable electricity. Include targeted outreach to residents living on low and moderate incomes, vulnerable communities, and emergency buildings.
Additionally, conduct analysis to understand the potential costs associated with switching to 100% Green Power to understand potential cost differences.
Building Energy 1.b Education Expand the partnership with CPA to conduct more robust educational campaigns, including tabling at community events, establishing informational resources on the City's website, regularly posting on social media, and developing energy bill inserts, to highlight the benefits of renewable energy and promote the available incentives. Include targeted outreach to convert SCE direct access customers to CPA. Additionally, provide educational resources and guidance to the community to support comprehension of energy bills and promote participation in CPA programs.
Building Energy 1.c Equity,
Funding
Work with CPA to create the funding and subsidy plan/program for customers enrolled in the CARE or FERA programs to opt-up to CPA’s 100% Green Power option. This may include subsidizing costs to customers who participate in CARE/FERA programs through non-discounted customer rate increase or obtainment of funding for vulnerable communities.
Building Energy 1.d Partnerships Partner with community-based organizations to help community members living on low and moderate incomes access CPA’s CARE and FERA programs and receive decreased electricity rates.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
Building Energy 2 Electrify 95% of new construction by 2026 or achieve equivalent reductions in GHG emissions.
Building Energy 2.a Feasibility Partner with another jurisdiction or multiple jurisdictions in the region to conduct a comprehensive feasibility study or utilize a recent feasibility study to identify barriers to electrification in new construction, with a particular focus on:
1. Cost analysis for electrification across different building types, including multifamily and affordable housing, to promote equitable implementation.
2. Technological limitations in commercial and industrial buildings, assessing where exemptions might be necessary and how to mitigate their impact.
3. Strategies for cost mitigation for low-income and affordable housing developments.
During the process, work with CPA to provide projections on load changes due to electrification.
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Building Energy
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Building Energy 2.b Education Create a public awareness campaign targeted to local developers and builders to highlight the long-term cost savings and environmental benefits of all-electric buildings with materials available in multiple languages. Host informational sessions and workshops on the benefits and requirements of electrification, targeting housing developers, contractors, and real estate professionals.
Building Energy 2.c Equity Identify cost-effective strategies for how to facilitate both construction and on-bill cost savings and prevent energy utility bills increases for residents living on low and moderate incomes.
Building Energy 2.d Funding Leverage and promote State and federal incentives for all-electric construction, such as the California Energy Commission’s BUILD Program and the California Electric Homes Program (CalEHP).
Building Energy 2.e Partnerships Partner with labor unions and trade schools to offer training programs for electricians, plumbers, and other relevant trades on the latest electrification technologies and building practices. Include surveying of local contractors to assess what skills and knowledge they need to implement electrification measures effectively.
Co-benefit(s) Cost Savings, Improved Public Health, Skill-building and Educational Opportunities Building Energy 3 Electrify existing residential and commercial buildings to reduce natural gas consumption.
Building Energy 3.a Feasibility By 2027, complete an existing building electrification study to identify costs and benefits associated with electrifying residential and commercial building systems, including long-term costs of transitioning fuel use and hurdles to equitable implementation.
Building Energy 3.b Education Collaborate with local utilities to educate homeowners and businesses on participating in demand response programs (e.g., CPA’s Power Response programs), emphasizing the financial and environmental benefits of reducing energy use during peak periods. Conduct targeted outreach to homeowners, commercial property owners, small businesses, and minority-owned businesses to inform them of the benefits and strategies for building electrification. Include materials on the financial benefits of replacing natural gas appliances with electric ones. Utilize utility bill inserts, webinars, social media, and an updated website to promote incentives, rebates, and the All-Electric Building Initiative. Include information on weatherization, electric appliances, and energy benchmarking for nonresidential buildings.
Building Energy 3.c Equity,
Funding
Partner with CPA and SCE to assess and revise residential incentives for procedural equity, removing barriers such as credit checks and other roadblocks. Additionally, promote existing tax credits and work with CPA and 3CREN to establish programs for rebates for electrical appliances.
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Building Energy
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Building Energy 3.d Funding Identify and pursue funding through CARB, DOE block grants, green bonds, and other sources to support both residential and commercial electrification. Facilitate funding opportunities for commercial business electrification by identifying and supporting grant opportunities available to the community, prioritizing small and frontline community owned businesses.
Building Energy 3.e Partnerships Partner with Ventura County 3CREN and the Ventura County Climate Coalition to develop an electrification concierge program, which would guide residents and building owners through the technical steps for electrifying buildings as well as connect them to incentives (e.g., rebates, subsidies, and tax credits) and other resources (e.g., multi-lingual education and technical expertise).
Building Energy 3.f Structural
Changes
Adopt a program by 2027 requiring all new central air conditioning unit installations and replacements in commercial buildings be two -way, providing both heating and cooling with a single unit. Include the following aspects in the program development and enforcement:
1. Establish a robust permitting compliance program, including routine staff training, web-based compliance tools, and fee structures to encourage voluntary compliance. Track program effectiveness and update as needed to meet goals.
2. Simplify and expedite the permitting process for the installation of smart panels, heat pump water heaters, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and heat pump heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to facilitate the transition to electrified buildings.
Co-benefit(s) Cost Savings, Improved Public Health
Building Energy 4 Increase generation and storage of local renewable energy by supporting distributed energy resources such as solar, wind, and battery systems, and by supporting the development of resilient microgrids that can operate independently during grid disruptions.
Building Energy 4.a Education Launch an outreach campaign to educate residents, businesses, and property owners about the benefits of local renewable energy generation and storage.
Include workshops and informational materials on the advantages of energy storage systems, such as reduced energy bills, increased energy resilience during grid outages, and support for community-wide energy independence. Partner with local schools, community organizations, the Library, and/or the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Parks District to promote renewable energy education and demonstrate small-scale renewable energy projects, such as solar PV and battery back-up that power lights at a park.
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Building Energy
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Building Energy 4.b Equity Prioritize and support the development and deployment of energy storage solutions as a critical step toward enabling large-scale integration and utilization of renewable energy within the community’s energy systemin historically marginalized communities to promote equitable access to renewable energy generation and storage. Develop targeted programs that offer financial assistance, incentives, or rebates to low-income households for installing solar panels and battery storage. Collaborate with community organizations to identify barriers to participation and develop solutions so that all residents benefit from the transition to renewable energy.
Building Energy 4.c Funding Secure funding for renewable energy generation and storage projects through grants, State and federal funding opportunities, and public-private partnerships.
Explore innovative financing mechanisms such as green bonds, community solar programs, and energy performance contracting. Establish a revolving loan fund to provide low-interest loans for renewable energy and storage installations, with a focus on supporting low-income and small business participants.
Building Energy 4.d Partnerships Work with SCE, CPA, Ventura County 3CREN, the Ventura County Climate Coalition, and community organizations to site storage and renewable generation at locations in the City, which would best support overall grid functionality while electrifying the building stock and maximizing the utilization of existing electrical infrastructure.
Building Energy 4.e Structural
Change
Streamline the permitting processes for the installation of renewable energy generation and storage systems, including smart panels, two-way AC systems, and substantial remodels.
Co-benefit(s) Increased Resilience
C. MOBILITY AND LAND USE MEASURES
Camarillo’s mobility and land use sector aims to reduce GHG emissions by first reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) through sustainable land use and transportation planning, and then shifting the remaining VMT to zero -emission vehicles (ZEVs). VMT is a key metric for assessing travel behavior and emissions associated with on -road transportation. Reducing VMT through expanded active transportation, improved public and shared transit options, and better land use planning provides co -benefits such as reduced traffic congestion, improved air quality, and greater access to community resources. Once VMT is reduced, the City will focus on electrifying remaining transportation activity , both on -road and off -road, to further decrease communitywide emissions and help meet State and local climate targets.
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REDUCING VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED
Camarillo will work to reduce VMT by expanding access to active and shared transportation options and confirming that all residents can safely and conveniently connect to essential destinations without relying on a car. Mobility and Land Use 1 focuses on expanding and improving active transportation infrastructure such as bike lanes, sidewalks, and pedestrian pathways. Key actions include updating the Bikeway Master Plan to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis (BNA) score, identifying high-stress streets for conversion to bikeable corridors, and implementing Complete Streets principles through updates to the General Plan and Zoning Code. These efforts are supported by outreach campaigns, equity -focused rebate programs for alternative transportation mo des like scooters and bikes, and dedicated maintenance plans to provide long-term usability.
To support increased public transit ridership, Mobility and Land Use 2 centers on expanding Camarillo Area Transit (CAT) fixed route and trolley coverage, with a goal of increasing shared transit mode share from one percent to two percent by 2030 and to six percent by 2045. This includes connecting residential and commercial zones to the Camarillo Metrolink station, expanding zero-emission micro transit services, and establishing mobility hubs in lower -density areas. The City will pursue funding and partnerships with agencies such as the Ventura County Transportation Commission to implement on -demand, networked transit that is accessible and affordable t o all residents, including those living in historically marginalized communities.
Ongoing education campaigns will promote the expanded CAT and Metrolink services and help residents access tools like route maps and real-time transit tracking apps. These collective actions will increase access to local and regional destinations while reducing single -occupancy vehicle use.
TRANSPORTATION DECARBONIZATION
After reducing VMT, Camarillo will decarbonize the remaining transportation activity by promoting the widespread adoption of zero -emission vehicles. Mobility and Land Use 3 and Mobility and Land Use 4 aim to increase access to passenger ZEVs and supporting infrastructure, with the goal of reaching 26 percent ZEV adoption by 2030 and 100 percent adoption by 2045.
The City will expand public charging access at key commercial centers , such as the Camarillo Premium Outlets, Camarillo Airport, and the Metrolink station, by installing approximately 500 chargers by 2030 . In addition, Camarillo will update its municipal code to require EV -ready infrastructure in new residential and commercial developments and streamline permitting in alignment with State law (AB 1236). Through education campaigns, public -private partnerships, and targeted outreach, the City will confirm that renters, multifamily residents, and low - and moderate-income households have equitable access to EV incentives and infrastructure.
To reduce emissions from commercial fleets and off -road equipment, Mobility and Land Use 5 and Mobility and Land Use 6 focus on engaging fleet operators and businesses in the transition
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to ZEVs and renewable diesel alternatives. The City will support commercial ZEV adoption through licensing incentives, dedicated outreach to small and minority -owned businesses, and coordination with programs like Cal Fleet Advisors. For off -road equipment , Camarillo will conduct a comprehensive inventory, develop a transition strategy aligned with CARB regulations, and adopt ordinances requiring zero-emission or renewable-fueled equipment replacements on a phased timeline. Multilingual outreach, partnershi ps with local repair services, and access to financial assistance will support fleet operators and residents through this transition. Altogether, these transportation decarbonization efforts will reduce direct tailpipe emissions, improve air quality, and support a cleaner, more resilient mobility system in Camarillo.
Table 11 Mobility and Land Use Measures and Actions Table Mobility and Land Use
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Mobility and
Land Use 1
Establish safe active transportation infrastructure to connect residents to community resources such as the downtown core, parks, trails, commercial office areas, and public transit stops to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis score by 2045.
Mobility and Land
Use 1.a
Structural
Change
Review and update the General Plan and Zoning Code to integrate Complete Streets principles, so roads are designed to safely accommodate pedestrians, cyclists, and other active transportation users of all ages and abilities. Additionally, promote land use patterns to encourage active transportation, and reduce car dependence and vehicle miles travelled. Offer incentives for developers to include active transportation features like bike lanes, racks, and pedestrian-friendly pathways.
Mobility and Land
Use 1.b
Feasibility Conduct an analysis of existing bicycle and pedestrian conditions with a focus on identifying residential communities, commercial uses, schools, and open spaces currently disconnected from community resources due to freeways and lack of connections on busy roads to identify priority connections. This analysis will be part of a comprehensive study aimed at identifying high stress streets into active transportation corridors, which will inform updates to the Bikeway Master Plan to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis (BNA) score by 2045. The study will assess the community appetite and geographical viability of establishing climate-friendly transportation solutions (e.g., electric bike-sharing programs, zero-emission bus routes, expanded pedestrian pathways, and dedicated micromobility lanes) and prioritize developing safe and reliable active transportation corridors between residential and commercial areas and will consider latent active transportation demand, GHG emission reduction potential, and potential economic benefits for local businesses and residential properties.
Mobility and Land
Use 1.c
Education Launch an education campaign focused on promoting the use of climate-friendly transportation options in Camarillo and branding Camarillo as a connected community.
Increase community awareness of active transportation infrastructure projects occurring and those completed. Develop and maintain City webpage and app showing pedestrian and bike trails, bike lanes, and bus times and routes. Distribute active transportation maps and promotional materials to hotels and tourism centers to increase visitor use of active transportation and include clear, easy to read maps and way-finding signage at parks throughout the community.
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Mobility and Land Use
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Mobility and Land
Use 1.d
Equity Prioritize the development of an equitable active transportation system where all Camarillo residents have access to critical connections and mobility options. Partner with entities such as the Ventura County Transportation Commission and the California Air Resources Board to expand existing rebate programs, helping families living on low and fixed incomes purchase alternative modes of transportation (e.g., bicycles, scooters, rollerblades, skates, skateboards) and appropriate safety gear. Incorporate equity metrics into the roadway study to increase access for residents living on low and moderate incomes, as well as vulnerable communities, to the benefits of the active transportation corridors.
Mobility and Land
Use 1.e
Funding Pursue federal, State, and regional grant opportunities to fund climate-friendly transportation initiatives. Identify and apply for grants specifically aimed at enhancing mobility options, such as the Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) and the Low- Carbon Transit Operations Program (LCTOP). Collaborate with the Climate Connectivity Commission to establish a dedicated team responsible for grant writing and management to provide timely application and effective use of funds for projects that align with the City's climate action goals.
Mobility and Land
Use 1.f
Partnerships Partner with the Ventura County Transportation Commission to conduct the study (Mobility and Land Use 1.b), plan the conversion (Mobility and Land Use 1.a), and identify and pursue funding (Mobility and Land Use 1.e).
Mobility and Land
Use 1.g
Structural
Change
Update and implement the Bikeway Master Plan to double Camarillo’s BNA score (or similar bicycle network scoring criteria) by 2045. Identify locations throughout the City to install additional bike repair stations, including near parks along bicycle routes, and consider partnering with a local bike shop to provide quarterly bicycle repair support for residents traveling along a main bike path or at a designated, central location.
Additionally, develop a Maintenance Plan that outlines ongoing routine inspections and repairs to confirm the continued functionality, as well as a map showing all the repair stations.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
Mobility and
Land Use 2
Expand Camarillo Area Transit’s fixed route and trolley coverage across community wide residential zones, commercial zones, and the Camarillo Train Station to increase public and shared transit mode share from 1% to 2% by 2030 and to 6% by 2045.
Mobility and Land
Use 2.a
Education Develop an ongoing educational campaign centered around the CAT services, as well as the Camarillo Train Station, to inform residents of the fixed route, trolley, Metrolink, and Amtrak routes and schedules as well as the availability of the Dial-A-Ride service.
Mobility and Land
Use 2.b
Equity Continue participating in countywide free fare programs such as the Youth Ride Free, College Ride and Free Fare Days programs to encourage ridership.
Mobility and Land
Use 2.c
Funding Pursue funding for CAT’s expanded coverage through local programs such as SCE’s Charge Ready Transport program and State programs such as the Hybrid and Zero Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project. Align funding sources for coverage expansion with efforts to electrify the transit fleet (SMP Measure M-TR-2).
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Mobility and Land Use
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Mobility and Land
Use 2.d
Partnerships Partner with the Ventura County Transportation Commission to plan the expansion and identify and pursue funding.
Mobility and Land
Use 2.e
Structural
Change
Work with the Ventura County Transportation Commission to implement expanded, networked, on-demand, and zero-emission transit services in Camarillo that are connected to active transportation infrastructure, residential and commercial zones, and regional public transit system to help reduce single occupancy vehicle commutes to the Camarillo Train Station. Additionally, provide mobility options in lower-density areas by establishing regional transportation hubs that are connected to CAT’s fixed- route and trolley routes.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
Mobility and
Land Use 3
Decarbonize long-distance VMT by increasing public charger access from 100 to 481 chargers by 2030 at key commercial centers (outlet mall, Camarillo airport, Camarillo Train Station).
Mobility and Land
Use 3.a
Feasibility Conduct a feasibility study to identify optimal locations for public EV charger installations (i.e., Level 2 and DC Fast Charger) at key commercial centers. The study should include an assessment of electrical infrastructure needs, potential renewable energy integration, and strategies for maximizing charger accessibility for long- distance travelers. This study will inform the placement and quantity of chargers needed to meet the target goals by 2030 and 2045.
Mobility and Land
Use 3.b
Education Launch an education campaign targeting both residents and visitors to Camarillo, promoting the availability and benefits of EV charging at key commercial centers.
Include information on the environmental and cost-saving advantages of using EVs, as well as details on available incentives for purchasing EVs and using public chargers.
Partner with local businesses and tourism boards to distribute materials and raise awareness, making sure visitors are informed about the City’s EV-friendly infrastructure.
Mobility and Land
Use 3.c
Equity Develop a plan to provide equitable access to EV charging stations at commercial centers, particularly for low-income residents and those without home charging options. This plan should include targeted outreach and incentives for low- and moderate-income EV drivers, as well as the implementation of affordable pricing structures at public charging stations. Engage with community groups to make sure that charger placements meet the needs of all residents, including those who rely on public transportation.
Mobility and Land
Use 3.d
Funding Identify and apply for federal, State, and local grants, such as those available through the Federal Charging and Fueling Infrastructure (CFI) program and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). Partner with regional organizations to leverage existing funding opportunities and explore innovative financing options like on-bill financing for commercial property owners. Additionally, work with Ventura County to access funding to install publicly available chargers, as well as to explore public-private partnerships that can attract private investment in EV infrastructure.
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Mobility and Land Use
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Mobility and Land
Use 3.e
Partnership Collaborate with the Camarillo Premium Outlets (Simon Property Group) and Camarillo Airport to secure funding for the installation of sufficient EV charging stations to accommodate the 10 million annual visitors to the outlet mall. This partnership will play a key role in reducing VMT and decarbonizing transportation within the City.
Mobility and Land
Use 3.f
Structural
Change
Amend the municipal code to require the installation of EV chargers at key commercial centers like Camarillo Premium Outlets, Camarillo Airport, and the Camarillo Train Station. Require that new and redeveloped parking lots designate a minimum of 20% of spaces for EV charging. Additionally, require that all new large- scale commercial developments and parking facilities install sufficient EV chargers to meet projected demand, in alignment with the Ventura County Electric Vehicle Ready Blueprint.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
Mobility and
Land Use 4
Decarbonize internal trip VMT by increasing passenger zero-emission vehicle adoption to 26% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Mobility and Land
Use 4.a
Feasibility Develop an Electric Vehicle Readiness Plan that outlines a comprehensive strategy to increase ZEV adoption and expand infrastructure. This plan should include direct community engagement, particularly with residents living in multifamily housing and low- and moderate-income households, to identify barriers to ZEV adoption. The plan will also prioritize locations for new EV infrastructure, provide equitable distribution of chargers and consistency with the County of Ventura’s EV Blueprint(s) and the City's General Plan, and identify strategies to foster public-private partnerships for EV charger infrastructure.
Mobility and Land
Use 4.b
Education Launch a public awareness campaign to educate the community about the benefits of ZEVs, available financial incentives, and the City's streamlined permitting process for home EV charger installations. The campaign will include targeted outreach to renters and property owners in multifamily buildings, so that all residents are informed about how to access and benefit from ZEV programs, including cost-saving opportunities through off-peak charging rates (CPA’s Residential EV Rate Schedule).
Mobility and Land
Use 4.c
Partnership/
Equity
Collaborate with affordable housing providers and community organizations to pilot a ZEV car-share program at selected affordable housing sites. The pilot will include the installation of EV charging stations at these sites, providing residents with access to affordable, zero-emission transportation options. This initiative will focus on expanding mobility options for low-income households and increasing equitable access to ZEV benefits.
Mobility and Land
Use 4.d
Partnership/
Funding
Partner with State and local agencies, such as the California Air Resources Board and the VCAPCD, to expand access to financial incentives like the Driving Clean Assistance Program. Work with Partners such as CPA and SCE to offer additional rebates and financing options for purchasing ZEVs, as well as for installing home EV chargers, electrical panel upgrades, and Level 2 chargers. This effort will prioritize support for low-income households and renters in multifamily buildings.
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Mobility and Land Use
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Mobility and Land
Use 4.e
Structural
Change
Establish partnerships with regional organizations like 3C-REN, CPA, and VCAPCD to provide multilingual education and outreach on ZEV adoption. These partnerships will focus on disseminating information about available rebates, public charger locations, and the benefits of transitioning to ZEVs, making sure that all community members, including non-English speakers, have access to the resources they need to make the switch to zero-emission vehicles.
Mobility and Land
Use 4.f
Structural
Change
Adopt an EV reach code requiring new multifamily residential developments to install EV chargers based on Tier 2 CalGreen standards (20% of total parking spaces).
Additionally, implement a Citywide EV Infrastructure Plan, aligned with the Ventura County Electric Vehicle Ready Blueprint, aiming to install a targeted number of public EV chargers across residential, commercial, and public areas by 2030 to support the increased adoption of passenger ZEVs. Assess the City’s EV charging permit process and streamline it in accordance with AB 1236.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
Mobility and
Land Use 5
Increase commercial zero-emission vehicle adoption to 15% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Mobility and Land
Use 5.a
Feasibility Engage directly with commercial fleet operators and delivery service providers to assess current ZEV capacity and understand operational needs. Determine if a phased approach is necessary for implementing the licensing fee and identify gaps in the existing ZEV charging infrastructure to support efficient route planning and operations.
This analysis will help inform the timeline and scale of infrastructure improvements required to support widespread commercial ZEV adoption.
Mobility and Land
Use 5.b
Education Develop and distribute educational materials targeted at commercial fleet operators, highlighting the environmental and financial benefits of transitioning to ZEVs. These materials should include case studies, such as the transition of the municipal fleet to ZEVs, and cover topics like maintenance cost savings, potential revenue from public charging stations, and steps for integrating ZEVs into existing fleets. Additionally, directly connect fleet operators to Cal Fleet Advisors for technical assistance and host workshops and webinars to facilitate knowledge sharing and encourage fleet operators to make the transition.
Mobility and Land
Use 5.c
Equity/
Partnership
Partner with private car-share providers to increase access to commercial ZEVs for residents living on low incomes and those in multifamily housing who lack access to EV charging stations.
Mobility and Land
Use 5.d
Funding Collaborate with State programs such as Cal Fleet Advisors to connect fleet operators with financial incentives (such as the California Air Resources Board's Clean Vehicle Rebate Project and the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program) for commercial ZEV purchases and the installation of EV charging infrastructure. Direct outreach efforts should focus on supporting small and minority-owned businesses, providing them with information about available financial incentives and resources like commercial EV rate plans that reduce charging costs during off-peak hours.
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Mobility and Land Use
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Mobility and Land
Use 5.e
Partnership Form partnerships with local business organizations, such as the Camarillo Chamber of Commerce and Rotary Club, to engage the commercial sector in the ZEV transition process. Additionally, pursue public-private partnerships with businesses to co-locate ZEV charging and fueling infrastructure in commercial areas, making it accessible for both fleet operators and the public.
Mobility and Land
Use 5.f
Structural
Change
Adopt an EV reach code by 2027 that requires new commercial construction to install EV chargers according to Tier 2 CalGreen standards (20% of total parking spaces).
Additionally, investigate the opportunities to establish a licensing fee for commercial delivery vehicles, such as those used by Amazon and FedEx, with the revenue directed towards funding commercial ZEV adoption and expanding EV charging infrastructure.
Offer discounted licensing fees for delivery companies utilizing ZEVs.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
Mobility and
Land Use 6
Electrify or otherwise decarbonize 12% of off-road equipment in Camarillo by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Mobility and Land
Use 6.a
Feasibility Conduct a comprehensive assessment of off-road equipment in Camarillo to identify fleets with high potential for decarbonization and those requiring targeted support.
The assessment will include an inventory of current equipment, identification of available electric or biofuel alternatives for each equipment type, and direct outreach to fleet operators in the community to understand barriers and opportunities for transition. During this process, the City will also evaluate the infrastructure needs for supporting the transition to zero-emission off-road equipment, including charging stations and renewable diesel supply chains. Identify locations within Camarillo that could serve as hubs for electric off-road equipment charging and maintenance.
Mobility and Land
Use 6.b
Education Launch a multilingual outreach campaign to educate contractors, residents, and fleet operators on the benefits of transitioning to zero-emission off-road equipment. This campaign should provide hands-on demonstrations of electric alternatives, as well as highlight public health benefits, safety improvements, and available incentives like the Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Program (CORE).
Mobility and Land
Use 6.c
Equity,
Funding
Collaborate with the Ventura County Climate Pollution Reduction Grant Advisory Group and VCAPCD to review existing off-road equipment replacement rebate programs for procedural equity. Focus on connecting small and minority-owned businesses, as well as residents with low to moderate incomes, to these rebates.
Provide targeted assistance to fleets that need additional support to transition to zero-emission equipment.
Mobility and Land
Use 6.d
Partnerships,
Funding
Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions and VCAPCD to establish an Off-road Equipment Replacement Program. This program will provide free consultations to fleet operators identified in the feasibility study, helping them transition to zero- emission equipment. The program will also offer support for accessing rebates and incentives and connect operators with local repair services capable of maintaining the new equipment.
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Climate Action Plan
July 2026 39
Mobility and Land Use
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Mobility and Land
Use 6.e
Structural
Change
Develop a small off-road equipment (SORE) and renewable diesel ordinance aligned with CARB requirements. This ordinance will enforce CARB’s requirements that:
Starting in 2024, SORE such as leaf blowers and lawn mowers must be zero- emission at the time of replacement;
Starting in 2028, portable generators must be zero-emission at time of replacement; and
Starting in 2024, all fleets subject to the In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation (i.e., self-propelled off-road diesel vehicles 25 horsepower or greater with some exceptions) must procure and only use renewable diesel fuel.
In the ordinance, include enforcement mechanisms and incentives for early adoption.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health
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Climate Action Plan
July 2026 40
D. SOLID WASTE MEASURES
Camarillo recognizes that responsible solid waste management plays a key role in reducing GHG emissions and protecting public health. When organic waste decomposes in landfills, it generates methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Diverting organics from landfills reduces these emissions while creating beneficial community resources like compost and edi ble food recovery. Through Solid Waste Measure 1, the City will support implementation of SB 1383 and assist the State in achieving its goal of reducing landfilled organic waste by 75 percent by 2030. Actions focus on collaboration with waste haulers, periodic waste characterization studies, equitable multilingual outreach to rental and low- income households, expanded organics collection in public spaces, and enforcement mechanisms paired with clear signage and shared services where appropriate.
Regional partnerships and grant funding will support staffing, program expansion, and edible food recovery efforts.
To address inorganic waste, Solid Waste 2 emphasizes reducing waste generation through increased reuse, repair, and recycling. The City will work with its waste hauler and regional partners to better understand waste patterns, expand recycling options for hard- to-recycle materials, and promote reusable alternatives through education and policy implementation, including verification of the Sustainable Foodware Ordinance. Targeted outreach and funding strategies will help broaden access to reuse, repair, and recycling resources across the community. Together, these measures support cost savings, protect natural resources, and move Camarillo toward a more circular and resilient materials management system.
Table 12 Solid Waste Measures and Actions Table
Solid Waste
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Solid Waste 1 Implement SB 1383 and reduce landfilled organic waste to assist the State in achieving the goal of 75% by 2030.
Solid Waste 1.a Feasibility Collaborate with local waste haulers to conduct periodic waste characterization studies (every 4-5 years) to analyze the waste stream. Use these studies to inform the development of new programs and policies aimed at increasing waste diversion and reducing contamination rates in Camarillo.
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Climate Action Plan
July 2026 41
Solid Waste
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Solid Waste 1.b Education Create a comprehensive Waste Diversion Outreach and Training Program that is promoted Citywide, which includes:
1. Outreach and training done through newsletters, website and social media platforms, as well as at local community events.
2. Explore a multilingual education program accessible to all residents and employees, focusing on circular economy practices, waste diversion strategies, and the impact of overconsumption.
3. Free or reduced-cost backyard composting bins and kitchen food waste containers.
4. Host free compost/mulch giveaways for community members to increase visibility and reach procurement goals.
5. A dedicated online resource center on the City’s website offering information on waste diversion, composting, and the importance of proper waste sorting.
Solid Waste 1.c Equity Develop an equitable outreach program focused on increasing organic waste diversion in rental housing, with targeted efforts for low- and medium-income properties. This program should:
1. Distribute food scrap collection information directly to tenants, providing new residents with the tools to participate in organics recycling.
2. Explore opportunities to provide multilingual outreach materials to residents so they have the tools to help divert organics.
Solid Waste 1.d Funding Work with the Ventura County Resource Management Agency and surrounding jurisdictions to pursue regional, State, and federal grants. Use these funds to support staffing, enhance organic waste reduction initiatives, and expand waste diversion programs across the City.
Solid Waste 1.e Partnerships Coordinate with County agencies to reach out to local agricultural representatives, hospitality businesses, and community organizations to lead initiatives for organic waste diversion and recycling. This coordination should also focus on creating and implementing an edible food recovery program that connects commercial food generators with local food banks, aiming to recover at least 20% of edible food currently being disposed of, in line with SB 1383 goals.
Solid Waste 1.f Structural
Change
Implement and enforce SB 1383 compliance by introducing fines, while considering shared collection services in multifamily properties. Work with the City hauler to ensure signage is installed.
Solid Waste 1.g Feasibility Identify public spaces that require additional organics collection and recycling bins and install them accordingly.
Co-benefit(s) Cost Savings, Protection of Natural Resources Solid Waste 2 Increase reuse, repair, and recycling to reduce inorganic waste generation.
Solid Waste 2.a Feasibility Work with the City hauler to identify waste generation patterns and explore opportunities for reducing waste through increased reuse, repair, and recycling.
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Climate Action Plan
July 2026 42
Solid Waste
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Solid Waste 2.b Education Launch a Citywide educational campaign that focuses on promoting the benefits of reuse, repair, and recycling. The campaign should include informational resources placed on the City’s website, use social media outreach, and form local partnerships to educate the community on waste reduction practices. Highlight the environmental and economic benefits of waste reduction and provide residents with practical tips on how to repair, reuse, upcycle, and recycle.
Solid Waste 2.c Equity/
Education
Develop a targeted outreach program to provide residents, including low-income and vulnerable communities, with equitable access to reuse, repair, and recycling resources.
Solid Waste 2.d Funding Secure funding from regional, State, and federal sources to support the expansion of recycling infrastructure, repair cafes, and reuse programs. Explore additional grant opportunities to fund community repair centers and subsidize the costs of reusable products for low-income residents.
Solid Waste 2.e Partnerships Work with Ventura County Waste Management to develop a comprehensive recycling program for hard-to-recycle items and promote the use of reusable products in the community.
Solid Waste 2.f Structural
Change
Verify the implementation of a Sustainable Foodware Ordinance to phase out single- use plastic foodware and promote the use of compostable or reusable alternatives.
Co-benefit(s) Cost Savings
E. WATER AND WASTEWATER MEASURES
Camarillo is taking a proactive approach to water conservation and recycled water expansion to reduce GHG emissions and strengthen community resilience. Reducing water use lowers energy demand for treatment and delivery, while decreasing wastewater generation. Through W ater and Wastewater 1, the City aims to continue water conservation and efficient water use public outreach by expanding educational outreach and supporting water -saving upgrades in low - income households through partnerships and targeted funding.
Water and Wastewater 2 focuses on increasing the community’s access to and use of recycled water by working with the Camarillo Water Division to identify infrastructure and treatment expansion opportunities. Recycled water use will be prioritized in new developments and historically underserved areas through municipal code updates, education al campaigns, and public-private partnerships. These efforts will help reduce GHG emissions, enhance water security, and confirm that all Camarillo residents benefit from a more sustainable and climate - resilient water system.
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July 2026 43
Table 13 Water and Wastewater Measures and Actions Table Water and Wastewater
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Water and
Wastewater 1
Continue water conservation and efficient water use public outreach.
Water and
Wastewater 1.a
Education Continue the City’s water conservation program and incorporate State requirements to limit use of drinking water for ornamental turf in AB 1572.
Additionally, incorporate other State regulations that require reduced water consumption such as the State’s Making Conservation as a Way of Life. Include multilingual materials and workshops in disadvantaged communities to promote broad and equitable access to information.
Water and
Wastewater 1.b
Equity Continue the City’s water conservation program to provide communities with access to water conservation rebates and incentives, in partnership with Calleguas Municipal Water District, Metropolitan, and others.
Water and
Wastewater 1.c
Funding Identify and pursue funding opportunities from State and federal sources, such as the California Department of Water Resources to expand community water conservation initiatives. Leverage regional rebate programs, including those through Metropolitan Water District bewaterwise.com, to help customers implement water efficient updates.
Water and
Wastewater 1.d
Structural Change The City is planning to implement an AMI smart water meter program.
Collaborate with the public to educate them on the technology available to track water use through their AMI water meter, and the ways to detect leaks and reduce water consumption.
Co-benefit(s) Cost Savings
Water and
Wastewater 2
Continue to look for cost effective opportunities to expand use of local recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Plant.
Water and
Wastewater 2.a
Feasibility The City performed a 2024 Recycled Water Planning Study evaluating ways of expanding the recycled water system. While current limitations exist for opportunities to expand the recycled water system beyond the current system which beneficially reuses 90 to 95% of all recycled water produced by the WRP wastewater facility thereby offsetting electrical usage of well pumps farmers and others would normally use, this issue should be evaluated yearly to see if new opportunities exist for additional recycled water production, distribution, and storage, and the report updated again in 2029 after more is known about the significant upgrades to take place at the WRP facility which will affect availability for recycled water expansion.
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Climate Action Plan
July 2026 44
Water and Wastewater
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Water and
Wastewater 2.b
Education If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, develop a multi- faceted educational campaign in collaboration with Camarillo Water Division to raise awareness about the benefits of recycled water among Camarillo residents, businesses, and agriculture where it is cost effective to expand recycled water deliveries. The campaign will:
1. Provide clear information on the safety and environmental benefits of using recycled water.
2. Include community engagement sessions, online resources, and informational brochures distributed at community events and through local schools.
3. Focus on dispelling common misconceptions about recycled water, especially in residential areas.
4. Highlight successful recycled water projects in neighboring communities as case studies.
Water and
Wastewater 2.c
Equity If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, assess historically marginalized communities within Camarillo to determine if recycled water can be expanded to those areas in a cost-effective way.
Water and
Wastewater 2.d
Funding If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, pursue State and federal funding opportunities, such as the California State Water Resources Control Board's Recycled Water Program and the US Bureau of Reclamation's WaterSMART grants, to finance the expansion of recycled water infrastructure in Camarillo. Consider collaborating with Ventura County or other stakeholder agencies to apply for these grants and allocate the funding in a way that supports both infrastructure development and community education efforts.
Water and
Wastewater 2.e
Feasibility The City performed a 2025 Stormwater Diversion Feasibility Study to evaluate if capturing and treating wet-weather stormwater flows and dry-weather storm drain runoff was feasible and cost effective. While the study found it is not cost effective to capture and treat stormwater at this time, the City coordinates with other agencies to provide incentives for residents to capture rainwater through use of rain barrels. Rebates are available through bewaterwise.com, and information is also listed on our website under rebates and incentives at this location: cityofcamarillo.org/waterconservation. The conclusions of the study should be reevaluated again in 2030 after more is known about the significant upgrades to take place at the WRP facility which will affect availability for recycled water expansion and ability to treat stormwater system flows.
Co-benefit(s) Increased Resilience
F. CARBON SEQUESTRATION MEASURES
Camarillo is enhancing its carbon sequestration efforts by investing in nature -based climate strategies such as tree planting, compost application, and soil health improvement. These
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strategies help reduce atmospheric GHGs while offering a host of community benefits, including heat mitigation, improved air quality, and increased green space access.
Carbon Sequestration 1 will help Camarillo meet SB 1383’s organic waste procurement requirements by expanding compost application on public lands and supporting community-wide compost use. Programs will focus on equitable compost distribution, educational outreach, and establishing a regional procurement network.
Through Carbon Sequestration 2, the City will develop a Community Urban Forest Plan to guide tree planting, protect existing canopy, and prioritize areas that experience high heat and lack tree cover. This effort will include ordinance updates, community partnerships, and equity -focused outreach to confirm all residents benefit from a growing and resilient urban forest. Together, these measures will support Camarillo’s broader climate goals, strengthen natural carbon sinks, and advance a circular and climate-resilient local economy.
Table 14 Carbon Sequestration Measures and Actions Table Carbon Sequestration
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Carbon
Sequestration 1
Increase carbon sequestration in the community by achieving SB 1383 procurement requirements (0.08 tons recovered organic waste per person to meet SB 1383 requirements) by 2030.
Carbon
Sequestration 1.a
Feasibility Conduct a comprehensive feasibility study to assess the potential for expanding compost application across various land types in Camarillo, including urban agriculture, community gardens, and degraded lands. The study should explore alternative carbon sequestration methods like biochar and assess their potential integration into the City’s carbon reduction strategy.
Carbon
Sequestration 1.b
Education Partner with local schools (including California State University Channel Islands), community serving organizations (e.g., Pleasant Valley Recreation & Parks District and Studio Channel Islands), and environmental organizations to develop educational programs and workshops on the benefits of composting, how to participate in local compost programs, and ways to apply compost at home.
Distribute informational materials that detail where compost can be obtained and the environmental impact of compost application.
Carbon
Sequestration 1.c
Equity Implement a community compost distribution initiative that provides free or subsidized compost to low-income households, small businesses, and historically marginalized neighborhoods. This program should include free delivery and assistance with compost application for those with mobility challenges or limited access to transportation.
Carbon
Sequestration 1.d
Funding Allocate dedicated staff to pursue State and federal grants that support SB 1383 compliance, particularly those that fund compost distribution and application programs. Explore opportunities to establish a revolving fund to provide ongoing financial support for compost-related projects and initiatives.
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Carbon Sequestration
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Carbon
Sequestration 1.e
Partnership Collaborate with regional waste haulers, local composting facilities, the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Park District, and agricultural stakeholders to create a regional compost procurement and distribution network. This partnership could also explore shared resources such as compost spreading equipment and jointly funded educational campaigns to promote compost use across the community.
Carbon
Sequestration 1.f
Structural
Change
Enforce and exceed SB 1383 requirements by establishing a Citywide compost application program that mandates an annual minimum application of compost on public lands, parks, and green spaces. Implement procurement policies that prioritize high-quality, locally sourced compost for these applications.
Co-benefit(s) Protection of Natural Resources, Skill-building and Educational Opportunities Carbon
Sequestration 2
Increase carbon sequestration and reduce urban heat island effect by adopting policies developed through the Community Urban Forest Plan.
Carbon
Sequestration 2.a
Feasibility Develop and adopt a Community Urban Forest Plan by 2027 to identify and prioritize tree planting areas in the City. The Plan will:
• Inventory the existing urban forest as a baseline and identify areas in Camarillo that have below average canopy coverage and high urban heat island effects. • Identify a phased timeframe for program implementation. • Establish a management plan for existing trees that will focus on promoting street tree health, enhancing resilience, increasing the environmental benefits and co-benefits from trees, and engaging the community in urban forest management.
• Prioritize the use of native and fire-resistant plant and tree species to enhance ecological integrity and reduce wildfire risk.
• Establish a tracking system to assess progress towards annual goals and annual benchmarks.
Carbon
Sequestration 2.b
Education Promote Camarillo's tree planting initiatives by creating an interactive section on the City’s website that highlights the benefits of urban trees. Post the Urban Forest Management Plan, along with an interactive map showing areas of existing and planned tree canopy. Include resources on tree care, the environmental benefits of urban forests, and opportunities for residents to participate in tree planting events.
Carbon
Sequestration 2.c
Equity Prioritize tree planting in neighborhoods with high exposure to extreme heat and vulnerable populations, including low-income communities, older adults, children, and those with chronic health conditions. Provide targeted outreach and support to these communities to maximize the benefits of urban tree coverage.
Carbon
Sequestration 2.d
Funding Establish a Tree Trust Fund dedicated to supporting tree planting and maintenance efforts, particularly in areas with low canopy coverage. The fund could be used to subsidize tree purchases, maintenance services for low-income residents, and staffing for urban forest management. Additionally, actively seek out federal and State grants, such as those from the USDA, California ReLeaf, and the Urban and Community Forestry Program, to finance large-scale tree planting projects.
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Carbon Sequestration
Measure/Action
Number
Pillar Action
Carbon
Sequestration 2.e
Partnership Partner with local nurseries, arborists, the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Park District, community organizations, and environmental nonprofits (e.g., TreePeople) to host community tree planting events throughout the year, with a focus on Arbor Day.
These events should also include educational components to teach residents about tree care and the benefits of a healthy urban forest. Additionally, collaborate with regional waste management and recycling services to support and fund tree planting initiatives through joint sustainability programs.
Carbon
Sequestration 2.f
Structural
Change
Update the City's tree planting ordinance (13.12) to enhance tree protection and planting initiatives. The update should include:
1. Expanded duties for the City’s tree management department, including oversight of tree planting and maintenance in public spaces.
2. Requirements for street trees in all zoning districts to promote consistent canopy cover.
3. Shade tree requirements and the inclusion of permeable surfaces in new developments to maximize tree health and urban cooling.
4. Prohibitions against harmful practices such as tree topping to maintain long- term health and stability of the urban forest.
5. Implementation of comprehensive tree care standards to maintain a healthy urban forest.
6. Incorporation of native and fire-resistant species standards into tree selection and planting requirements to promote climate resilience and wildfire safety.
Co-benefit(s) Improved Public Health, Increased Resilience, Protection of Natural Resources
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4. IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING
This CAP provides a pathway for Camarillo to meet its 2030 GHG emissions reduction target and make meaningful progress toward achieving carbon neutrality by 2045. The measures and actions outlined in the CAP are grounded in State regulations and current climate sc ience, and reflect reasonable assumptions about future technologies, adoption patterns, and cost trends.
The City will regularly monitor and update the CAP to remain responsive to new developments and confirm continued progress. This chapter presen ts Camarillo’s implementation strategy, outlining how actions will be tracked, reported, and refined over time to keep the City on course toward its climate goals.
4.1 CAP Implementation
The success of Camarillo’s CAP depends on collaboration and engagement across the community including the City, residents, businesses, utilities, and local and regional partners. Equally important is the ongoing monitoring of CAP measures and actions to confirm accountability and effectiveness. The following sections outline the funding strategies and implementation schedule that will guide the successful rollout of the CAP.
CAP FUNDING STRATEGIES
A successful CAP requires dedicated funding to implement its measures and actions effectively.
While some initiatives may be low -cost or supported by existing City operations, others will require additional resources to carry out. Camarillo will primarily pursue State and federal grants, as well as public -private partnerships, to fund CAP implementation while minimizing the fiscal impact on the City. Table 15 outlines potential funding sources for each measure and highlights the importance of strategic financial planning to support long-term success.
Grants
State, federal, and philanthropic grants present significant opportunities to fund climate action.
These programs offer billions of dollars for projects aligned with GHG emissions reduction, equity, and climate resilience goals. By proactively tracking grant opportunities, aligning projects with funding priorities, and setting annual application goals, Camarillo can enhance its competitiveness for these awards. Effective grant applications require data-driven justifications, regional collaboration, and clearly defined outcomes. The City will partner with regional agencies, use available technical assistance, and maintain alignment with State and federal programs to strengthen its funding prospects.
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Public-Private Partnerships
Public-private partnerships offer an effective tool for financing large-scale sustainability projects.
By working with private sector partners, Camarillo can access capital and expertise to advance clean energy, resilient infrastructure, and low-carbon transportation. Public-private partnerships can reduce upfront costs, accelerate innovation, and support local economic development. The City will seek opportunities to partner with private entities to enhance project feasibility, drive investment, and establish Camarillo as a leader in local climate action.
CAP Funding Monitoring and Implementation
To confirm the CAP remains financially sustainable, Camarillo will implement a monitoring framework that tracks funding opportunities, grant submissions, and partnership development.
Maintaining an ongoing inventory of grant programs and funding partners will help t he City set measurable targets and adjust its approach as needed. This structured, proactive strategy will support the ongoing implementation of CAP actions and maintain momentum across all sectors.
CAP IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE
Tracking the timeline of each reduction measure is critical to successful CAP implementation. The City will follow a phased approach, with regular progress checks and updates. Table 15 identifies the implementation phase for each measure and action, confirming accountability and helping to prioritize near-term, mid-term, and long-term efforts. • Phase 1– 2026 – 2027
• Phase 2 – 2028 – 2030
• Phase 3 – 2031 – 2033
CAP IMPLEMENTATION SUMMARY
Table 15 outlines the implementation schedule for each CAP action, identifies the lead City department(s) responsible for execution, lists the key performance indicators and data sources that will be used to track progress, and highlights potential funding opportunities to support each measure.
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Table 15 Climate Action Plan Measures and Actions – Implementation Roadmap Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Cornerstone 1 Create a comprehensive Safe Pathways program to foster safe and connected active transportation networks throughout the community.
Funding Source(s) • Caltrans Action Transportation Program • Caltrans Highway Safety Improvement Program
• California Office of Traffic Safety
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Adoption of Safe Pathways Program
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Public Works, Community Development
Cornerstone 1.a Conduct an analysis of existing bicycle and pedestrian conditions along routes to schools, parks, highly visited shopping centers, and community centers prior to the development of the Safe Pathways Plan. The analysis will include factors such as access to bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure with a focus on identifying existing inequalities (e.g., neighborhoods currently disconnected from schools due to freeways and other busy roads).
Phase 1
Cornerstone 1.b Develop and implement a Safe Pathways Plan focused on creating safe and connected active transportation networks throughout the City with connectivity to schools, parks, and community centers. The plan shall include:
• A prioritized list and implementation schedule of bikeways to install along routes including shared-use paths, buffered bike lanes, bike boulevards, and separated bikeways. • Analysis of underutilized roadways that can potentially converted into dedicated active transportation routes.
• Investigation of bicycle parking infrastructure improvements as well as equipment repair infrastructure at schools and recreational locations along routes. • A schedule for reducing vehicle speed limits at prioritized locations. • Available funding sources for infrastructure buildout.
Phase 1-2
Cornerstone 1.c Dedicate staff time to identifying and pursuing funding for the development of the Safe Pathways Plan and planned infrastructure build-out from several State programs (e.g., Caltrans Active Transportation Program, Caltrans Highway Safety Improvement Program, California Office of Traffic Safety).
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Cornerstone 1.d Partner with community-based organizations with connections to historically marginalized community members to directly engage historically marginalized community members in the development of the Safe Pathways Plan to identify and address existing conditions, equity impacts, and implementation concerns (e.g., work schedules may not permit parents to accompany students to/from school, barrier to purchasing/maintaining bicycles and appropriate safety equipment).
Phase 1
Cornerstone 1.e Provide regular project updates to the community via various modes of communication to explain the benefits of safe pathways for all community members and what safe pathways mean in the City of Camarillo. Host a series of listening sessions for community members to discuss challenges with the Safe Pathways Plan, allowing the City to address those concerns and implement necessary improvements. Throughout the process, provide clear opportunities and examples of how community members can participate in the planning and implementation process, including what they can do at home and in their communities.
Phase 1 Cornerstone 1.f Partner with the Camarillo Police Department, Pleasant Valley School District, California State University, Channel Islands, youth sports leagues, and/or community groups such as Bike Ventura County to conduct traffic safety workshops, establish walking school buses, and create designated carpool drop-off/pick-up zones to support the implementation of the Safe Pathways Plan.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 1 Reduce CPA 100% Green Power opt-out rates to 10% by 2030 and maintain through 2040.
Funding Source(s) • California Energy Commission Energy Conservation Assistance Act (ECAA) Program Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Share (%) of CPA 100% Green Power opt-out rates
Responsible City
Department(s)
• City Manager’s Office, Community Development
Building Energy 1.a Work with CPA to conduct an annual analysis of opt-out rates in the community and expand the research to understand the community’s concerns with switching to 100% renewable electricity. Include targeted outreach to residents living on low and moderate incomes, vulnerable communities, and emergency buildings. Additionally, conduct analysis to understand the potential costs associated with switching to 100% Green Power to understand potential cost differences.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Building Energy 1.b Expand the partnership with CPA to conduct more robust educational campaigns, including tabling at community events, establishing informational resources on the City's website, regularly posting on social media, and developing energy bill inserts, to highlight the benefits of renewable energy and promote the available incentives. Include targeted outreach to convert SCE direct access customers to CPA. Additionally, provide educational resources and guidance to the community to support comprehension of energy bills and promote participation in CPA programs.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 1.c Work with CPA to create the funding and subsidy plan/program for customers enrolled in the CARE or FERA programs to opt-up to CPA’s 100% Green Power option. This may include subsidizing costs to customers who participate in CARE/FERA programs through non-discounted customer rate increase or obtainment of funding for vulnerable communities.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 1.d Partner with community-based organizations to help community members living on low and moderate incomes access CPA’s CARE and FERA programs and receive decreased electricity rates.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Building Energy 2 Electrify 95% of new construction by 2026 or achieve equivalent reductions in GHG emissions.
Funding Source(s) • California Energy Commission's Building Initiative for Low-Emissions Development (BUILD) • Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities (AHSC) Program • California Electric Homes Program (CalEHP)
• California Energy Commission’s Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) • Inflation Reduction Act
• Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
• Public-private partnerships
• Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Share (%) of new building permits for all-electric buildings Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development, Building & Safety
Building Energy 2.a Partner with another jurisdiction or multiple jurisdictions in the region to conduct a comprehensive feasibility study or utilize a recent feasibility study to identify barriers to electrification in new construction, with a particular focus on:
1. Cost analysis for electrification across different building types, including multifamily and affordable housing, to promote equitable implementation.
2. Technological limitations in commercial and industrial buildings, assessing where exemptions might be necessary and how to mitigate their impact.
3. Strategies for cost mitigation for low-income and affordable housing developments.
During the process, work with CPA to provide projections on load changes due to electrification.
Phase 1
Building Energy 2.b Create a public awareness campaign targeted to local developers and builders to highlight the long-term cost savings and environmental benefits of all-electric buildings with materials available in multiple languages. Host informational sessions and workshops on the benefits and requirements of electrification, targeting housing developers, contractors, and real estate professionals.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 2.c Identify cost-effective strategies for how to facilitate both construction and on-bill cost savings and prevent energy utility bills increases for residents living on low and moderate incomes.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Building Energy 2.d Leverage and promote State and federal incentives for all-electric construction, such as the California Energy Commission’s BUILD Program and the California Electric Homes Program (CalEHP).
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 2.e Partner with labor unions and trade schools to offer training programs for electricians, plumbers, and other relevant trades on the latest electrification technologies and building practices. Include surveying of local contractors to assess what skills and knowledge they need to implement electrification measures effectively.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 3 Electrify existing residential and commercial buildings to reduce natural gas consumption.
Funding Source(s) • California Air Resources Board
• Inflation Reduction Act
• Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
• Block grants
• Green bonds
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Change (%) in natural gas consumption and share (%) of building permits for electric appliances Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development, Building & Safety
Building Energy 3.a By 2027, complete an existing building electrification study to identify costs and benefits associated with electrifying residential and commercial building systems, including long-term costs of transitioning fuel use and hurdles to equitable implementation.
Phase 1
Building Energy 3.b Collaborate with local utilities to educate homeowners and businesses on participating in demand response programs (e.g., CPA’s Power Response programs), emphasizing the financial and environmental benefits of reducing energy use during peak periods. Conduct targeted outreach to homeowners, commercial property owners, small businesses, and minority-owned businesses to inform them of the benefits and strategies for building electrification. Include materials on the financial benefits of replacing natural gas appliances with electric ones. Utilize utility bill inserts, webinars, social media, and an updated website to promote incentives, rebates, and the All-Electric Building Initiative. Include information on weatherization, electric appliances, and energy benchmarking for nonresidential buildings.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Building Energy 3.c Partner with CPA and SCE to assess and revise residential incentives for procedural equity, removing barriers such as credit checks and other roadblocks. Additionally, promote existing tax credits and work with CPA and 3CREN to establish programs for rebates for electrical appliances.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 3.d Identify and pursue funding through CARB, DOE block grants, green bonds, and other sources to support both residential and commercial electrification. Facilitate funding opportunities for commercial business electrification by identifying and supporting grant opportunities available to the community, prioritizing small and frontline community owned businesses.
Phase 1-3
Building Energy 3.e Partner with Ventura County 3CREN and the Ventura County Climate Coalition to develop an electrification concierge program, which would guide residents and building owners through the technical steps for electrifying buildings as well as connect them to incentives (e.g., rebates, subsidies, and tax credits) and other resources (e.g., multilingual education and technical expertise).
Phase 2
Building Energy 3.f Adopt a program by 2026 requiring all new central air conditioning unit installations and replacements be two -way, providing both heating and cooling with a single unit; and by 2027 include major renovations under the single margin source energy score . Include the following aspects in the code development and enforcement:
1. Establish a robust permitting compliance program, including routine staff training, web- based compliance tools, and fee structures to encourage voluntary compliance. Track reach code effectiveness and update as needed to meet goals.
2. Simplify and expedite the permitting process for the installation of smart panels, heat pump water heaters, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and heat pump heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to facilitate the transition to electrified buildings.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Building Energy 4 Increase generation and storage of local renewable energy by supporting distributed energy resources such as solar, wind, and battery systems, and by supporting the development of resilient microgrids that can operate independently during grid disruptions.
Funding Source(s) • U.S. Department of Energy’s Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES) Pilot Program • California Climate Investments for LDES in disadvantaged communities • Green bonds
• Public-private partnerships
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Solar and battery capacity added (MW)
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development
Building Energy 4.a Launch an outreach campaign to educate residents, businesses, and property owners about the benefits of local renewable energy generation and storage. Include workshops and informational materials on the advantages of energy storage systems, such as reduced energy bills, increased energy resilience during grid outages, and support for community-wide energy independence. Partner with local schools, community organizations, the Library, and/or the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Parks District to promote renewable energy education and demonstrate small-scale renewable energy projects, such as solar PV and battery back-up that power lights at a park.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 4.b Prioritize and support the development and deployment of energy storage solutions as a critical step toward enabling large-scale integration and utilization of renewable energy within the community’s energy systemin historically marginalized communities to promote equitable access to renewable energy generation and storage. Develop targeted programs that offer financial assistance, incentives, or rebates to low-income households for installing solar panels and battery storage. Collaborate with community organizations to identify barriers to participation and develop solutions so that all residents benefit from the transition to renewable energy.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Building Energy 4.c Secure funding for renewable energy generation and storage projects through grants, State and federal funding opportunities, and public-private partnerships. Explore innovative financing mechanisms such as green bonds, community solar programs, and energy performance contracting. Establish a revolving loan fund to provide low-interest loans for renewable energy and storage installations, with a focus on supporting low-income and small business participants.
Phase 1-2
Building Energy 4.d Work with SCE, CPA, Ventura County 3CREN, the Ventura County Climate Coalition, and community organizations to site storage and renewable generation at locations in the City, which would best support overall grid functionality while electrifying the building stock and maximizing the utilization of existing electrical infrastructure.
Phase 1
Building Energy 4.e Streamline the permitting processes for the installation of renewable energy generation and storage systems, including smart panels, two-way AC systems, and substantial remodels.
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
1 Establish safe active transportation infrastructure to connect residents to community resources such as the downtown core, parks, trails, commercial office areas, and public transit stops to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis score by 2045.
Funding Source(s) • Sustainable Transportation Equity Project (STEP) • Caltrans Sustainable Transportation Planning Grants
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Bike Network Analysis score
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development, Public Works
Mobility and Land Use
1.a
Review and update the General Plan and Zoning Code to integrate Complete Streets principles, so roads are designed to safely accommodate pedestrians, cyclists, and other active transportation users of all ages and abilities. Additionally, promote land use patterns to encourage active transportation, and reduce car dependence and vehicle miles travelled. Offer incentives for developers to include active transportation features like bike lanes, racks, and pedestrian-friendly pathways.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
1.b
Conduct an analysis of existing bicycle and pedestrian conditions with a focus on identifying residential communities, commercial uses, schools, and open spaces currently disconnected from community resources due to freeways and lack of connections on busy roads to identify priority connections. This analysis will be part of a comprehensive study aimed at identifying high stress streets into active transportation corridors, which will inform updates to the Bikeway Master Plan to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis (BNA) score by 2045. The study will assess the community appetite and geographical viability of establishing climate- friendly transportation solutions (e.g., electric bike-sharing programs, zero-emission bus routes, expanded pedestrian pathways, and dedicated micromobility lanes) and prioritize developing safe and reliable active transportation corridors between residential and commercial areas and will consider latent active transportation demand, GHG emission reduction potential, and potential economic benefits for local businesses and residential properties.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
1.c
Launch an education campaign focused on promoting the use of climate-friendly transportation options in Camarillo and branding Camarillo as a connected community. Increase community awareness of active transportation infrastructure projects occurring and those completed.
Develop and maintain City webpage and app showing pedestrian and bike trails, bike lanes, and bus times and routes. Distribute active transportation maps and promotional materials to hotels and tourism centers to increase visitor use of active transportation and include clear, easy to read maps and way-finding signage at parks throughout the community.
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
1.d
Prioritize the development of an equitable active transportation system where all Camarillo residents have access to critical connections and mobility options. Partner with entities such as the Ventura County Transportation Commission and the California Air Resources Board to expand existing rebate programs, helping families living on low and fixed incomes purchase alternative modes of transportation (e.g., bicycles, scooters, rollerblades, skates, skateboards) and appropriate safety gear. Incorporate equity metrics into the roadway study to increase access for residents living on low and moderate incomes, as well as vulnerable communities, to the benefits of the active transportation corridors.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
1.e
Pursue federal, State, and regional grant opportunities to fund climate-friendly transportation initiatives. Identify and apply for grants specifically aimed at enhancing mobility options, such as the Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) and the Low-Carbon Transit Operations Program (LCTOP). Collaborate with the Climate Connectivity Commission to establish a dedicated team responsible for grant writing and management to provide timely application and effective use of funds for projects that align with the City's climate action goals.
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
1.f
Partner with the Ventura County Transportation Commission (VCTC) to conduct the study (Mobility and Land Use 1.b), plan the conversion (Mobility and Land Use 1.a), and identify and pursue funding (Mobility and Land Use 1.e).
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
1.g
Update and implement the Bikeway Master Plan to double Camarillo’s BNA score (or similar bicycle network scoring criteria). Identify locations throughout the City to install additional bike repair stations, including near parks along bicycle routes, and consider partnering with a local bike shop to provide quarterly bicycle repair support for residents traveling along a main bike path or at a designated, central location. Additionally, develop a Maintenance Plan that outlines ongoing routine inspections and repairs to confirm the continued functionality, as well as a map showing all the repair stations.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
2 Expand Camarillo Area Transit’s (CAT) fixed route and trolley coverage across community wide residential zones, commercial zones, and the Camarillo Train Station to increase public and shared transit mode share from 1% to 2% by 2030 and to 6% by 2045.
Funding Source(s) • Subsidized transit programs
• Low Carbon Transit Operations Program (LCTOP)
• SCE’s Charge Ready Transport program
• Hybrid and Zero Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Public transit mode share (%)
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development, Public Works
Mobility and Land Use
2.a
Develop an ongoing educational campaign centered around the CAT services, as well as the Camarillo Train Station, to inform residents of the fixed route, trolley, Metrolink and Amtrak routes and schedules as well as the availability of the Dial-A-Ride service.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
2.b
Continue participating in countywide free fare programs such as the Youth Ride Free, College Ride and Free Fare Days programs to encourage ridership.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
2.c
Pursue funding for CAT’s expanded coverage through local programs such as SCE’s Charge Ready Transport program and State programs such as the Hybrid and Zero Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project. Align funding sources for coverage expansion with efforts to electrify the transit fleet (SMP Measure M-TR-2).
Phase 2
Mobility and Land Use
2.d
Partner with the Ventura County Transportation Commission to plan the expansion and identify and pursue funding.
Phase 2
Mobility and Land Use
2.e
Work with Ventura County Transportation Commission to implement expanded, networked, on-demand, and zero-emission transit services in Camarillo that are connected to active transportation infrastructure, residential and commercial zones, and regional public transit system to help reduce single occupancy vehicle commutes to the Camarillo Train Station.
Additionally, provide mobility options in lower-density areas by establishing regional transportation hubs that are connected to CAT’s fixed-route and trolley routes.
Phase 3
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
3 Decarbonize long-distance VMT by increasing public charger access from 100 to 481 chargers by 2030 at key commercial centers (outlet mall, Camarillo airport, Camarillo Train Station).
Funding Source(s) • California Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Project 2.0 (Fast Charge California Project) • Caltrans’ Sustainable Transportation Planning Grants
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• # of public chargers installed at commercial centers
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development, Public Works
Mobility and Land Use
3.a
Conduct a feasibility study to identify optimal locations for public EV charger installations (i.e., Level 2 and DC Fast Charger) at key commercial centers. The study should include an assessment of electrical infrastructure needs, potential renewable energy integration, and strategies for maximizing charger accessibility for long-distance travelers. This study will inform the placement and quantity of chargers needed to meet the target goals by 2030 and 2045.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
3.b
Launch an education campaign targeting both residents and visitors to Camarillo, promoting the availability and benefits of EV charging at key commercial centers. Include information on the environmental and cost-saving advantages of using EVs, as well as details on available incentives for purchasing EVs and using public chargers. Partner with local businesses and tourism boards to distribute materials and raise awareness, making sure visitors are informed about the City’s EV-friendly infrastructure.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
3.c
Develop a plan to provide equitable access to EV charging stations at commercial centers, particularly for low-income residents and those without home charging options. This plan should include targeted outreach and incentives for low- and moderate-income EV drivers, as well as the implementation of affordable pricing structures at public charging stations. Engage with community groups to make sure that charger placements meet the needs of all residents, including those who rely on public transportation.
Phase 1
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Timeframe
Implementation Notes
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Mobility and Land Use
3.d
Identify and apply for federal, State, and local grants, such as those available through the Federal Charging and Fueling Infrastructure (CFI) program and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). Partner with regional organizations to leverage existing funding opportunities and explore innovative financing options like on-bill financing for commercial property owners.
Additionally, work with Ventura County to access funding to install publicly available chargers, as well as to explore public-private partnerships that can attract private investment in EV infrastructure.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
3.e
Collaborate with the Camarillo Premium Outlets (Simon Property Group) and Camarillo Airport to secure funding for the installation of sufficient EV charging stations to accommodate the 10 million annual visitors to the outlet mall. This partnership will play a key role in reducing VMT and decarbonizing transportation within the City.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
3.f
Amend the municipal code to require the installation of EV chargers at key commercial centers like Camarillo Premium Outlets, Camarillo Airport, and the Camarillo Train Station. Require that new and redeveloped parking lots designate a minimum of 20% of spaces for EV charging.
Additionally, require that all new large-scale commercial developments and parking facilities install sufficient EV chargers to meet projected demand, in alignment with the Ventura County Electric Vehicle Ready Blueprint.
Phase 1
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Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
4 Decarbonize internal trip VMT by increasing passenger zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 26% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Funding Source(s) • Low Carbon Fuel Standard’s credits
• Driving Clean Assistance Program
• CEC’s Energy Conservation Assistance Act
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• ZEV share (%) of passenger vehicles
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development
Mobility and Land Use
4.a
Develop an Electric Vehicle Readiness Plan that outlines a comprehensive strategy to increase ZEV adoption and expand infrastructure. This plan should include direct community engagement, particularly with residents living in multifamily housing and low- and moderate- income households, to identify barriers to ZEV adoption. The plan will also prioritize locations for new EV infrastructure, provide equitable distribution of chargers and consistency with the County of Ventura’s EV Blueprint(s) and the City's General Plan, and identify strategies to foster public-private partnerships for EV charger infrastructure.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
4.b
Launch a public awareness campaign to educate the community about the benefits of ZEVs, available financial incentives, and the City's streamlined permitting process for home EV charger installations. The campaign will include targeted outreach to renters and property owners in multifamily buildings, so that all residents are informed about how to access and benefit from ZEV programs, including cost-saving opportunities through off-peak charging rates (CPA’s Residential EV Rate Schedule).
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
4.c
Collaborate with affordable housing providers and community organizations to pilot a ZEV car- share program at selected affordable housing sites. The pilot will include the installation of EV charging stations at these sites, providing residents with access to affordable, zero-emission transportation options. This initiative will focus on expanding mobility options for low-income households and increasing equitable access to ZEV benefits.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
4.d
Partner with State and local agencies, such as the California Air Resources Board and the VCAPCD, to expand access to financial incentives like the Driving Clean Assistance Program.
Work with Partners such as CPA and SCE to offer additional rebates and financing options for purchasing ZEVs, as well as for installing home EV chargers, electrical panel upgrades, and Level 2 chargers. This effort will prioritize support for low-income households and renters in multifamily buildings.
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
4.e
Establish partnerships with regional organizations like 3C-REN, CPA, and VCAPCD to provide multilingual education and outreach on ZEV adoption. These partnerships will focus on disseminating information about available rebates, public charger locations, and the benefits of transitioning to ZEVs, making sure that all community members, including non-English speakers, have access to the resources they need to make the switch to zero-emission vehicles.
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
4.f
Adopt an EV reach code requiring new multifamily residential developments to install EV chargers based on Tier 2 CalGreen standards (20% of total parking spaces). Additionally, implement a Citywide EV Infrastructure Plan, aligned with the Ventura County Electric Vehicle Ready Blueprint, aiming to install a targeted number of public EV chargers across residential, commercial, and public areas by 2030 to support the increased adoption of passenger ZEVs.
Assess the City’s EV charging permit process and streamline it in accordance with AB 1236.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
5 Increase commercial zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption to 15% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Funding Source(s) • Low Carbon Fuel Standard’s credits
• CEC’s Energy Conservation Assistance Act
• CARB’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project
• CEC’s California Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Project 2.0 • Energy Infrastructure Incentives for Zero-Emission (EnergIIZE) Commercial Vehicles Project Transit Set-Aside • Caltrans’ Sustainable Transportation Planning Grants
• Depot Charging and Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure for Zero-Emission Medium and Heavy-Duty on-road, off-road, and specialty vehicles Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• ZEV share (%) of commercial vehicles
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development
Mobility and Land Use
5.a
Engage directly with commercial fleet operators and delivery service providers to assess current ZEV capacity and understand operational needs. Determine if a phased approach is necessary for implementing the licensing fee and identify gaps in the existing ZEV charging infrastructure to support efficient route planning and operations. This analysis will help inform the timeline and scale of infrastructure improvements required to support widespread commercial ZEV adoption.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
5.b
Develop and distribute educational materials targeted at commercial fleet operators, highlighting the environmental and financial benefits of transitioning to ZEVs. These materials should include case studies, such as the transition of the municipal fleet to ZEVs, and cover topics like maintenance cost savings, potential revenue from public charging stations, and steps for integrating ZEVs into existing fleets. Additionally, directly connect fleet operators to Cal Fleet Advisors for technical assistance and host workshops and webinars to facilitate knowledge sharing and encourage fleet operators to make the transition.
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
5.c
Partner with private car-share providers to increase access to commercial ZEVs for residents living on low incomes and those in multifamily housing who lack access to EV charging stations.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
5.d
Collaborate with State programs such as Cal Fleet Advisors to connect fleet operators with financial incentives (such as the California Air Resources Board's Clean Vehicle Rebate Project and the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program) for commercial ZEV purchases and the installation of EV charging infrastructure. Direct outreach efforts should focus on supporting small and minority-owned businesses, providing them with information about available financial incentives and resources like commercial EV rate plans that reduce charging costs during off-peak hours.
Phase 1-2 Mobility and Land Use
5.e
Form partnerships with local business organizations, such as the Camarillo Chamber of Commerce and Rotary Club, to engage the commercial sector in the ZEV transition process.
Additionally, pursue public-private partnerships with businesses to co-locate ZEV charging and fueling infrastructure in commercial areas, making it accessible for both fleet operators and the public.
Phase 1-2
Mobility and Land Use
5.f
Adopt an EV reach code by 2027 that requires new commercial construction to install EV chargers according to Tier 2 CalGreen standards (20% of total parking spaces). Additionally, investigate the opportunities to establish a licensing fee for commercial delivery vehicles, such as those used by Amazon and FedEx, with the revenue directed towards funding commercial ZEV adoption and expanding EV charging infrastructure. Offer discounted licensing fees for delivery companies utilizing ZEVs.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
6 Electrify or otherwise decarbonize 12% of off-road equipment in Camarillo by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Funding Source(s) • Rebates
• Incentives
• CEC’s Depot Charging and Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure for Zero-Emission Medium and Heavy-Duty on-road, off-road, and specialty vehicles
• CARB’s Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Rebates issued (#) or equipment replaced through Off-road Equipment Replacement Program Responsible City
Department(s)
• Community Development
Mobility and Land Use
6.a
Conduct a comprehensive assessment of off-road equipment in Camarillo to identify fleets with high potential for decarbonization and those requiring targeted support. The assessment will include an inventory of current equipment, identification of available electric or biofuel alternatives for each equipment type, and direct outreach to fleet operators in the community to understand barriers and opportunities for transition. During this process, the City will also evaluate the infrastructure needs for supporting the transition to zero-emission off-road equipment, including charging stations and renewable diesel supply chains. Identify locations within Camarillo that could serve as hubs for electric off-road equipment charging and maintenance.
Phase 1
Mobility and Land Use
6.b
Launch a multilingual outreach campaign to educate contractors, residents, and fleet operators on the benefits of transitioning to zero-emission off-road equipment. This campaign should provide hands-on demonstrations of electric alternatives, as well as highlight public health benefits, safety improvements, and available incentives like the Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Program (CORE).
Phase 1-3
Mobility and Land Use
6.c
Collaborate with the Ventura County Climate Pollution Reduction Grant Advisory Group and VCAPCD to review existing off-road equipment replacement rebate programs for procedural equity. Focus on connecting small and minority-owned businesses, as well as residents with low to moderate incomes, to these rebates. Provide targeted assistance to fleets that need additional support to transition to zero-emission equipment.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Mobility and Land Use
6.d
Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions and VCAPCD to establish an Off-road Equipment Replacement Program. This program will provide free consultations to fleet operators identified in the feasibility study, helping them transition to zero-emission equipment. The program will also offer support for accessing rebates and incentives and connect operators with local repair services capable of maintaining the new equipment.
Phase 2
Mobility and Land Use
6.e
Develop a small off-road equipment (SORE) and renewable diesel ordinance aligned with CARB requirements. This ordinance will enforce CARB’s requirements that:
Starting in 2024, SORE such as leaf blowers and lawn mowers must be zero-emission at the time of replacement;
Starting in 2028, portable generators must be zero-emission at time of replacement; and Starting in 2024, all fleets subject to the In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation (i.e., self-propelled off-road diesel vehicles 25 horsepower or greater with some exceptions) must procure and only use renewable diesel fuel.
In the ordinance, include enforcement mechanisms and incentives for early adoption.
Phase 1-2
Solid Waste 1 Implement SB 1383 and reduce landfilled organic waste to assist the State in achieving the goal of 75% by 2030.
Funding Source(s) • CalReycle Organics Grant Program
• California Climate Investments
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Change (%) in landfilled organic waste
Responsible City
Department(s)
• City Manager’s Office
Solid Waste 1.a Collaborate with local waste haulers to conduct periodic waste characterization studies (every 4-5 years) to analyze the waste stream. Use these studies to inform the development of new programs and policies aimed at increasing waste diversion and reducing contamination rates in Camarillo.
Phase 1-3
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Solid Waste 1.b Create a comprehensive Waste Diversion Outreach and Training Program that is promoted at the Camarillo Library, City Hall, and Pleasant Valley Recreation & Parks District parks and facilities, which includes:
1. Outreach and training done through newsletters, website and social media platforms, as well as at local community events.
2. Explore a multi-lingual education program accessible to all residents and employees, focusing on circular economy practices, waste diversion strategies, and the impact of overconsumption.
3. Free or reduced-cost backyard composting bins and kitchen food waste containers.
4. Host free compost/mulch giveaways for community members to increase visibility and reach procurement goals.
A dedicated online resource center on the City’s website offering information on waste diversion, composting, and the importance of proper waste sorting.
Phase 1
Solid Waste 1.c Develop an equitable outreach program focused on increasing organic waste diversion in rental housing, with targeted efforts for low- and medium-income properties. This program should:
1. Distribute food scrap collection information directly to tenants, providing new residents with the tools to participate in organics recycling.
2. Explore opportunities to provide multilingual outreach materials to residents so they have the tools to divert organics.
Phase 1-3
Solid Waste 1.d Work with the Ventura County Resource Management Agency and surrounding jurisdictions to pursue regional, State and federal grants. Use these funds to support staffing, enhance organic waste reduction initiatives, and expand waste diversion programs across the City.
Phase 1-3
Solid Waste 1.e Coordinate with County agencies to reach out to local agricultural representatives, hospitality businesses, and community organizations to lead initiatives for organic waste diversion and recycling. This coordination should also focus on creating and implementing an edible food recovery program that connects commercial food generators with local food banks, aiming to recover at least 20% of edible food currently being disposed of, in line with SB 1383 goals.
Phase 1
Solid Waste 1.f Implement and enforce SB 1383 compliance by introducing fines, while considering shared collection services in multifamily properties. Work with the City hauler to ensure signage is installed.
Phase 1-3
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Solid Waste 1.g Identify public spaces that require additional organics collection and recycling bins and install them accordingly.
Phase 1
Solid Waste 2 Increase reuse, repair, and recycling to reduce inorganic waste generation.
Funding Source(s) • California Climate Investments
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Change (%) in landfilled inorganic waste
Responsible City
Department(s)
• City Manager’s Office
Solid Waste 2.a Work with the City hauler to identify waste generation patterns and explore opportunities for reducing waste through increased reuse, repair, and recycling.
Phase 1
Solid Waste 2.b Launch a Citywide educational campaign that focuses on promoting the benefits of reuse, repair, and recycling. The campaign should include informational resources placed on the City’s website, use social media outreach, and form local partnerships to educate the community on waste reduction practices. Highlight the environmental and economic benefits of waste reduction and provide residents with practical tips on how to repair, reuse, upcycle, and recycle.
Phase 1-3
Solid Waste 2.c Develop a targeted outreach program to provide residents, including low-income and vulnerable communities, with equitable access to reuse, repair, and recycling resources.
Phase 1-2
Solid Waste 2.d Secure funding from regional, State and federal sources to support the expansion of recycling infrastructure, repair cafes, and reuse programs. Explore additional grant opportunities to fund community repair centers and subsidize the costs of reusable products for low-income residents.
Phase 1-2
Solid Waste 2.e Work with Ventura County Waste Management to develop a comprehensive recycling program for hard-to-recycle items and promote the use of reusable products in the community.
Phase 1-2
Solid Waste 2.f Verify the implementation of a Sustainable Foodware Ordinance to phase out single-use plastic foodware and promote the use of compostable or reusable alternatives.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Water and Wastewater
1 Continue water conservation and efficient water use public outreach.
Funding Source(s) • EPA’s WaterSense program
• California Department of Water Resources Grants
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Change (%) in per capita potable water consumption
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Public Works – Water Division
Water and Wastewater
1.a
Continue the City’s water conservation program and incorporate State requirements to limit use of drinking water for ornamental turf in AB 1572. Additionally, incorporate other State regulations that require reduced water consumption such as the State’s Making Conservation as a Way of Life. Include multilingual materials and workshops in disadvantaged communities to promote broad and equitable access to information.
Phase 1
Water and Wastewater
1.b
Continue the City’s water conservation program to provide communities with access to water conservation rebates and incentives, in partnership with Calleguas Municipal Water District, Metropolitan, and others.
Phase 1
Water and Wastewater
1.c
Identify and pursue funding opportunities from State and federal sources, such as the California Department of Water Resources to expand community water conservation initiatives. Leverage regional rebate programs, including those through Metropolitan Water District bewaterwise.com, to help customers implement water efficient updates.
Phase 1
Water and Wastewater
1.d
The City is planning to implement an AMI smart water meter program. Collaborate with the public to educate them on the technology available to track water use through their AMI water meter, and the ways to detect leaks and reduce water consumption.
Phase 2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Water and Wastewater
2 Continue to look for cost effective opportunities to expand use of local recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Plant.
Funding Source(s) • California State Water Resources Control Board's Recycled Water Program • US Bureau of Reclamation's WaterSMART grants
Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Change (%) in local recycled water usage
Responsible City
Department(s)
• Public Works – Camarillo Sanitary District, Water Division Water and Wastewater
2.a
The City performed a 2024 Recycled Water Planning Study evaluating ways of expanding the recycled water system. While current limitations exist for opportunities to expand the recycled water system beyond the current system which beneficially reuses 90 to 95% of all recycled water produced by the WRP wastewater facility thereby offsetting electrical usage of well pumps farmers and others would normally use, this issue should be evaluated yearly to see if new opportunities exist for additional recycled water production, distribution, and storage, and the report updated again in 2029 after more is known about the significant upgrades to take place at the WRP facility which will affect availability for recycled water expansion.
Phase 1
Water and Wastewater
2.b
If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, develop a multi-faceted educational campaign in collaboration with Camarillo Water Division to raise awareness about the benefits of recycled water among Camarillo residents, businesses, and agriculture where it is cost effective to expand recycled water deliveries. The campaign will:
1. Provide clear information on the safety and environmental benefits of using recycled water.
2. Include community engagement sessions, online resources, and informational brochures distributed at community events and through local schools.
3. Focus on dispelling common misconceptions about recycled water, especially in residential areas.
4. Highlight successful recycled water projects in neighboring communities as case studies.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Water and Wastewater
2.c
If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, assess historically marginalized communities within Camarillo to determine if recycled water can be expanded to those areas in a cost-effective way.
Phase 1-2
Water and Wastewater
2.d
If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, pursue State and federal funding opportunities, such as the California State Water Resources Control Board's Recycled Water Program and the US Bureau of Reclamation's WaterSMART grants, to finance the expansion of recycled water infrastructure in Camarillo. Consider collaborating with Ventura County or other stakeholder agencies to apply for these grants and allocate the funding in a way that supports both infrastructure development and community education efforts.
Phase 1-3
Water and Wastewater
2.e
The City performed a 2025 Stormwater Diversion Feasibility Study to evaluate if capturing and treating wet-weather stormwater flows and dry-weather storm drain runoff was feasible and cost effective. While the study found it is not cost effective to capture and treat stormwater at this time, the City coordinates with other agencies to provide incentives for residents to capture rainwater through use of rain barrels. Rebates are available through bewaterwise.com, and information is also listed on our website under rebates and incentives at this location:
cityofcamarillo.org/water conservation. The conclusions of the study should be reevaluated again in 2030 after more is known about the significant upgrades to take place at the WRP facility which will affect availability for recycled water expansion and ability to treat stormwater system flows.
Phase 1-2
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Carbon Sequestration 1 Increase carbon sequestration in the community by achieving SB 1383 procurement requirements (0.08 tons recovered organic waste per person to meet SB 1383 requirements) by 2030.
Funding Source(s) • CDFA’s Healthy Soils Program
• California Wildlife Conservation Board’s Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Program Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Compost procured and applied to lands (tons)
Responsible City
Department(s)
• City Manager’s Office
Carbon Sequestration
1.a
Conduct a comprehensive feasibility study to assess the potential for expanding compost application across various land types in Camarillo, including urban agriculture, community gardens, and degraded lands. The study should explore alternative carbon sequestration methods like biochar and assess their potential integration into the City’s carbon reduction strategy.
Phase 1
Carbon Sequestration
1.b
Partner with local schools (including California State University Channel Islands), community serving organizations (e.g., Pleasant Valley Recreation & Parks District and Studio Channel Islands), and environmental organizations to develop educational programs and workshops on the benefits of composting, how to participate in local compost programs, and ways to apply compost at home. Distribute informational materials that detail where compost can be obtained and the environmental impact of compost application.
Phase 1-3
Carbon Sequestration
1.c
Implement a community compost distribution initiative that provides free or subsidized compost to low-income households, small businesses, and historically marginalized neighborhoods. This program should include free delivery and assistance with compost application for those with mobility challenges or limited access to transportation.
Phase 1-2
Carbon Sequestration
1.d
Allocate dedicated staff to pursue State and federal grants that support SB 1383 compliance, particularly those that fund compost distribution and application programs. Explore opportunities to establish a revolving fund to provide ongoing financial support for compost- related projects and initiatives.
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Carbon Sequestration
1.e
Collaborate with regional waste haulers, local composting facilities, the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Park District, and agricultural stakeholders to create a regional compost procurement and distribution network. This partnership could also explore shared resources such as compost spreading equipment and jointly funded educational campaigns to promote compost use across the community.
Phase 1-3
Carbon Sequestration
1.f
Enforce and exceed SB 1383 requirements by establishing a Citywide compost application program that mandates an annual minimum application of compost on public lands, parks, and green spaces. Implement procurement policies that prioritize high-quality, locally sourced compost for these applications.
Phase 1 – 2
Carbon Sequestration 2 Increase carbon sequestration and reduce urban heat island effect by adopting policies developed through the Community Urban Forest Plan.
Funding Source(s) • CALFIRE’s Urban and Community Forestry Grants • California Wildlife Conservation Board’s Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Program Key Performance
Indicator(s)
• Adoption of Community Urban Forest Plan
Responsible City
Department(s)
• City Manager’s Office, Community Development
Carbon Sequestration
2.a
Develop and adopt a Community Urban Forest Plan by 2027 to identify and prioritize tree planting areas in the City. The Plan will:
• Inventory the existing urban forest as a baseline and identify areas in Camarillo that have below average canopy coverage and high urban heat island effects. • Identify a phased timeframe for program implementation. • Establish a management plan for existing trees that will focus on promoting street tree health, enhancing resilience, increasing the environmental benefits and co- benefits from trees, and engaging the community in urban forest management. • Prioritize the use of native and fire-resistant plant and tree species to enhance ecological integrity and reduce wildfire risk.
• Establish a tracking system to assess progress towards annual goals and annual benchmarks
Phase 1
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Carbon Sequestration
2.b
Promote Camarillo's tree planting initiatives by creating an interactive section on the City’s website that highlights the benefits of urban trees. Post the Urban Forest Management Plan, along with an interactive map showing areas of existing and planned tree canopy. Include resources on tree care, the environmental benefits of urban forests, and opportunities for residents to participate in tree planting events.
Phase 1
Carbon Sequestration
2.c
Prioritize tree planting in neighborhoods with high exposure to extreme heat and vulnerable populations, including low-income communities, older adults, children, and those with chronic health conditions. Provide targeted outreach and support to these communities to maximize the benefits of urban tree coverage.
Phase 1-2
Carbon Sequestration
2.d
Establish a Tree Trust Fund dedicated to supporting tree planting and maintenance efforts, particularly in areas with low canopy coverage. The fund could be used to subsidize tree purchases, maintenance services for low-income residents, and staffing for urban forest management. Additionally, actively seek out federal and State grants, such as those from the USDA, California ReLeaf, and the Urban and Community Forestry Program, to finance large- scale tree planting projects.
Phase 1-2
Carbon Sequestration
2.e
Partner with local nurseries, arborists, the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Park District, community organizations, and environmental nonprofits (e.g., TreePeople) to host community tree planting events throughout the year, with a focus on Arbor Day. These events should also include educational components to teach residents about tree care and the benefits of a healthy urban forest. Additionally, collaborate with regional waste management and recycling services to support and fund tree planting initiatives through joint sustainability programs.
Phase 1-3
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Measure/ Action ID Action
Implementation
Timeframe
Implementation Notes
(for City to Populate)
Carbon Sequestration
2.f
Update the City's tree planting ordinance (13.12) to enhance tree protection and planting initiatives. The update should include:
1. Expanded duties for the City’s tree management department, including oversight of tree planting and maintenance in public spaces.
2. Requirements for street trees in all zoning districts to promote consistent canopy cover.
3. Shade tree requirements and the inclusion of permeable surfaces in new developments to maximize tree health and urban cooling.
4. Prohibitions against harmful practices such as tree topping to maintain long-term health and stability of the urban forest.
5. Implementation of comprehensive tree care standards to maintain a healthy urban forest.
6. Incorporation of native and fire-resistant species standards into tree selection and planting requirements to promote climate resilience and wildfire safety.
Phase 2
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4.2 CAP Monitoring
Ongoing monitoring is critical to confirm that Camarillo stays on track to meet its GHG emissions reduction targets. Regular tracking and assessment will allow the City to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAP’s measures and maintain transparency and accountability in implementation. To support t his, the City will complete communitywide GHG emissions inventories every two to three years using established protocols aligned with State guidance and climate commitments.
In addition to emissions inventories, the City will monitor implementation progress using the key performance indicators and data sources identified in Table 15. These indicators will provide insight into the success of each measure and highlight areas where adjustments may be needed.
Continuous performance tracking will allow the City to respond proactively if progress lags or new opportunities emerge.
4.3 CAP Update Schedule
If future GHG emissions inventories show that Camarillo is not making sufficient progress toward its 2030 emissions reduction target, the City will consider updating the CAP to incorporate new or more ambitious strategies. Updates could include scaling up existing measures, introducing new policies or programs, or shifting voluntary efforts to mandatory requirements to confirm progress toward emissions goals . These updates will reflect advancements in technology, new State regulations, and emerging best practices, while building on the performance data and lessons learned from this CAP’s implementation.
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Appendix A
Regulatory Background
1 Regulatory Background
As the impacts of climate change are being recognized, many strategies that address climate change have emerged at all levels of government. This section provides an overview of the regulatory context at the international, State, and local levels relative to the City of Camarillo’s actions toward reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
International Climate Action Guidance
1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The primary international regulatory framework for GHG reduction is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC is an international treaty adopted in 1992 with the objective of stabilizing atmospheric GHG concentrations to prevent disruptive anthropogenic climate change. The framework established non-binding limits on global GHG emissions and specified a process for negotiating future international climate-related agreements.1
1997 Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted in 1997 to extend and operationalize the UNFCCC. The protocol commits industrialized nations to reduce GHG emissions per county- specific targets, recognizing that they hold responsibility for existing atmospheric GHG levels. The Kyoto Protocol involves two commitment periods during which emissions reductions are to occur, the first of which took place between 2008-2012 and the second of which has not entered into force.2
2015 The Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate agreement that was adopted in 2015 and has been ratified by 190 countries worldwide.3 The Paris Agreement establishes a roadmap to keep the world under 2° C of warming with a goal of limiting an increase of temperature to 1.5° C. The agreement does not dictate one specific reduction target, instead relying on individual countries to set nationally determined contributions (NDCs) or reductions based on GDP and other factors. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) limiting global warming to 1.5° C will require global emissions be reduced through 2030 and hit carbon neutrality by mid-century.4
Glasgow Climate Pact (2021)
The Glasgow Climate Pact7 (Pact) was adopted by nearly 200 nations in 2021 and builds on the 2015 Paris Agreement. The Pact includes an agreement to revisit the emissions reduction plans to keep 1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf 2 UNFCCC. What is the Kyoto Protocol? https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol 3 UNFCCC. Paris Agreement - Status of Ratification. https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/status-of-ratification 4 IPCC. Global Warming of 1.5 C. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ City of Camarillo
Climate Action Plan
2 the 1.5°C target achievable and is the first global climate agreement that commits to phasing down the use of unabated coal. Further, the Pact includes a commitment to provide climate finance to developing countries.
California Regulations and State GHG Targets
California remains a global leader in the effort to reduce GHG emissions and combat climate change through its mitigation and adaptation strategies. With the passage of Assembly Bill (AB) 32 in 2006, California became the first state in the United States to mandate GHG emission reductions across its entire economy. To support AB 32, California has enacted legislation, regulations, and executive orders (EO) that put it on course to achieve robust emission reductions and address the impacts of a changing climate. The following is a summary of executive and legislative actions most relevant to the City of Camarillo’s Climate Action Plan (CAP).
2002 Senate Bill 1078
In 2002, (Senate Bill) SB 1078, established the California Renewables Portfolio Standards (RPS) Program and was accelerated in 2006 by SB 107, requiring that 20 percent of retail electricity sales be composed of renewable energy sources by 2010. EO S-14-08 was signed in 2008 to further streamline California's renewable energy project approval process and increase the State's RPS to the most aggressive in the nation at 33 percent renewable power by 2020. 2002 Assembly Bill 1493
In 2002, AB 1493, also known as the Pavley Regulations, directed the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to establish regulations to reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles to the maximum and most cost-effective extent feasible. CARB approved the first set of regulations to reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles in 2004, with the regulations initially taking effect with the 2009 model year.
2005 Executive Order S-3-05
EO S-3-05 was signed in 2005 establishing statewide GHG emissions reduction targets for the years 2020 and 2050. The EO calls for the reduction of GHG emissions in California to 2000 levels by 2010, 1990 levels by 2020, and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. The 2050 emission reductions target would put the State’s emissions in line with the worldwide reductions needed to reach long- term climate stabilization as concluded by the IPCC 2007 Fourth Assessment Report. 2006 Assembly Bill 32
California’s major initiative for reducing GHG emissions is outlined in AB 32, the “California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006,” which was signed into law in 2006. AB 32 codifies the statewide goal of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and requires CARB to prepare a Scoping Plan that outlines the main State strategies for reducing GHG emissions to meet the 2020 deadline. In addition, AB 32 requires CARB to adopt regulations to require reporting and verification of statewide GHG emissions.
Based on this guidance, CARB approved a 1990 statewide GHG baseline and 2020 emissions limit of 427 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (MMT CO2e). The Scoping Plan was approved by CARB on December 11, 2008, and included measures to address GHG emission reduction strategies related to Regulatory Background
3 energy efficiency, water use, and recycling and solid waste, among other measures. Many of the GHG reduction measures included in the Scoping Plan (e.g., Low Carbon Fuel Standard, Advanced Clean Car standards,5 and Cap-and-Trade)6 have been adopted since approval of the Scoping Plan.
In May 2014, CARB approved the first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan. The 2014 Scoping Plan update defined CARB’s climate change priorities for the next five years and set the groundwork to reach post-2020 statewide goals. The update highlighted California’s progress toward meeting the “near-term” 2020 GHG emission reduction goals defined in the original Scoping Plan. It also evaluated how to align the State’s longer-term GHG reduction strategies with other State policy priorities, including those for water, waste, natural resources, clean energy, transportation, and land use (CARB 2014).
2006 Senate Bill 107
SB 107 builds on SB 1078 and requires investor-owned utilities, energy service providers, and Community Choice Aggregations to procure an additional 1 percent of retail sales per year from eligible renewable sources until 20 percent is reached, no later than 2010. The California Public Utilities Commission and California Energy Commission are jointly responsible for implementing the program.
2007 Executive Order S-1-07
Also known as the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, EO S-1-07, issued in 2007, established a statewide goal that requires transportation fuel providers to reduce the carbon intensity of California’s transportation fuels by at least 10 percent by 2020. EO S-1-07 was readopted and amended in 2015 to require a 20 percent reduction in carbon intensity by 2030, the most stringent requirement in the nation. The new requirement aligns with California’s overall 2030 target of reducing climate changing emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, which was set by SB 32 and signed by the governor in 2016.
2007 Senate Bill 97
Signed in August 2007, SB 97 acknowledges that climate change is an environmental issue that requires analysis in California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) documents. In March 2010, the California Natural Resources Agency adopted amendments to the State CEQA Guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions. The adopted guidelines give lead agencies the discretion to set quantitative or qualitative thresholds for the assessment and mitigation of GHG and climate change impacts.
2008 Senate Bill 375
SB 375, signed in August 2008, enhances the State’s ability to reach AB 32 goals by directing CARB to develop regional GHG emission reduction targets to be achieved from passenger vehicles by 2020
5 On September 19, 2019, the National Highway Traffic Safety Agency (NHTSA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final action entitled the One National Program on Federal Preemption of State Fuel Economy Standards Rule. This action finalizes Part I of the Safer, Affordable, Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule. This rule states that federal law preempts State and local tailpipe GHG emissions standards as well as zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates. The SAFE Rule withdraws the Clean Air Act waiver it granted to California in January 2013 as it relates to California’s GHG and zero emission vehicle programs. 6 California’s Cap-and-Trade program was renamed to the Cap-and-Invest program in September 2025; Legislative Analyst’s Office.
December 2025. Overview of New Updates to the Cap-and-Invest Program. https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/5097 City of Camarillo
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4 and 2035. In addition, SB 375 directs each of the State’s 18 major Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), including the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) in Los Angeles, to prepare a “sustainable communities strategy” (SCS) that contains a growth strategy to meet these emission targets for inclusion in the MPO’s Regional Transportation Plan (RTP).
On March 22, 2018, CARB adopted updated regional targets for reducing GHG emissions from 2005 levels by 2020 and 2035. The SCAG, of which Burbank is a member, was assigned targets of an 8 perfect reduction in GHGs from transportation sources by 2020 and a 19 percent reduction in GHGs from transportation sources by 2035. In the SCAG region, SB 375 also provides the option for the coordinated development of subregional plans by the subregional Councils of Governments and the County Transportation Commissions to meet SB 375 requirements. 2008 Executive Order S-14-08
EO S-14-08 was issued in 2008 and sets a statewide target of 33 percent renewable energy use by 2020.
2009 California Green Building Code
The California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) is Part 11 of the California Building Standards Code or Title 24 and is the first statewide “green” building code in the nation. The purpose of CALGreen is to improve public health, safety, and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings. Enhancements include reduced negative impact designs, positive environmental impact designs, and encouragement of sustainable construction practices.
The first CALGreen Code was adopted in 2009 and has been updated in 2013, 2016, and 2019. The CALGreen Code will have subsequent, and continually more stringent, updates every three years. 2009 Senate Bill X7-7
In 2009, SB X7-7, also known as the Water Conservation Act, was signed, requiring all water suppliers to increase water use efficiency. This legislation sets an overall goal of reducing per capita urban water use by 20 percent by2020.
2011 Senate Bill 2X
In 2011, SB 2X was signed, requiring California energy providers to buy (or generate) 33 percent of their electricity from renewable energy sources by 2020. 2012 Assembly Bill 341
AB 341 directed the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) to develop and adopt regulations for mandatory commercial recycling. As of July 2012, businesses are required to recycle, and jurisdictions must implement a program that includes education, outreach, and monitoring. AB 341 also set a statewide goal of 75 percent waste diversion by the year 2020.
Senate Bill 743 (2013)
SB 743 introduces a new performance metric, vehicle miles traveled (VMT), as a basis for determining significant transportation impacts under CEQA. Projects that are projected to increase VMT may mitigate their impacts through measures such as car-sharing services, unbundled parking, improved transit, and enhanced pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure.
Regulatory Background
5 2014 Assembly Bill 32 Scoping Plan Update
In 2014, CARB approved the first update to the Scoping Plan. This update defines CARB’s climate change priorities and sets the groundwork to reach the post-2020 targets set forth in EO S-3-05. The update highlights California’s progress toward meeting the near-term 2020 GHG emissions reduction target, defined in the original Scoping Plan. It also evaluates how to align California’s longer-term GHG reduction strategies with other statewide policy priorities, such as water, waste, natural resources, clean energy, transportation, and land use. 2014 Assembly Bill 1826
AB 1826 was signed in 2014 to increase the recycling of organic material. GHG emissions produced by the decomposition of these materials in landfills were identified as a significant source of emissions contributing to climate change. Therefore, reducing organic waste and increasing composting and mulching are goals set out by the AB 32 Scoping Plan. AB 1826 specifically requires jurisdictions to establish organic waste recycling programs by 2016, and phases in mandatory commercial organic waste recycling over time.
2015 Senate Bill 350
SB 350, the Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015, has two objectives: to increase the procurement of electricity from renewable sources from 33 percent to 50 percent by 2030 and to double the energy efficiency of electricity and natural gas end users through energy efficiency and conservation.
2015 Executive Order B-30-15
In 2015, EO B-30-15 was signed, establishing an interim GHG emissions reduction target to reduce emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. The EO also calls for another update to the CARB Scoping Plan.
2016 Senate Bill 32
On September 8, 2016, the governor signed SB 32 into law, extending AB 32 by requiring the State to further reduce GHGs to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (the other provisions of AB 32 remain unchanged). The bill charges CARB to adopt the regulation so that the maximum technologically feasible emissions reductions are achieved in the most cost-effective way. 2016 Senate Bill 1383
Adopted in September 2016, SB 1383 requires CARB to approve and begin implementing a comprehensive strategy to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. The bill requires the strategy to achieve the following reduction targets by 2030:
▪ Methane – 40 percent below 2013 levels
▪ Hydrofluorocarbons – 40 percent below 2013 levels
▪ Anthropogenic black carbon – 50 percent below 2013 levels SB 1383 also requires the CalRecycle, in consultation with the CARB, to adopt regulations that achieve specified targets for reducing organic waste in landfills. The bill further requires 20 percent of edible food disposed of at the time to be recovered by 2025.
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Climate Action Plan
6 2017 Scoping Plan Update
On December 14, 2017, CARB adopted the 2017 Scoping Plan, which provides a framework for achieving the 2030 goal set by SB 32. The 2017 Scoping Plan relies on the continuation and expansion of existing policies and regulations, such as the Cap-and-Trade Program, as well as implementation of recently adopted policies, such as SB 350 and SB 1383 .
The 2017 Scoping Plan also puts increased emphasis on innovation, adoption of existing technology, and strategic investment to support its strategies. As with the 2014 Scoping Plan Update, the 2017 Scoping Plan does not provide project-level thresholds for land use development. Instead, it recommends that local governments adopt policies and locally appropriate quantitative thresholds consistent with statewide per capita goals of six metric tons (MT) CO2e by 2030 and two MT CO2e by 2050. As stated in the 2017 Scoping Plan, these goals may be appropriate for plan-level analyses (city, county, subregional, or regional level), but not for specific individual projects because they include all emissions sectors in the State (CARB 2017). 2018 Senate Bill 100
Adopted on September 10, 2018, SB 100 supports the reduction of GHG emissions from the electricity sector by accelerating the State’s RSP Program, which was last updated by SB 350 in 2015.
SB 100 requires electricity providers to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 percent of total retail sales by 2020, 60 percent by 2030, and 100 percent by 2045. 2018 Executive Order B-55-18
On September 10, 2018, the governor issued Executive Order B-55-18, which established a new statewide goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045 and maintaining net negative emissions thereafter. This goal is in addition to the existing statewide GHG reduction targets established by SB 375, SB 32, SB 1383, and SB 100.
Assembly Bill 2127 (2018)
AB 2127 directs the California Energy Commission (CEC) to prepare and biennially update a statewide assessment of the electric vehicle charging infrastructure needed to support the levels of electric vehicle adoption for the state to meet its goal of putting at least five million zero-emission vehicles on California roads by 2030.
Innovative Clean Transit Rule (2018)
The Innovative Clean Transit Rule, adopted by CARB in 2018, requires public transit agencies to gradually transition to 100% zero-emissions bus fleets by 2040. This regulation applies to all transit agencies that own, operate, or lease buses with gross vehicle weight rating above 14,000 pounds.
Executive Order N-79-20 (2020)
On September 23, 2020, the governor issued EO N-79-20, which sets new statewide goals for phasing out gasoline-powered cars and trucks in California, which is applicable to state agencies.
The EO requires 100% of in-state sales of new passenger cars and trucks to be zero-emission by 2035; 100% of in-state sales of medium- and heavy-duty trucks and busses to be zero-emission by 2045, where feasible; and 100% of off-road vehicles and equipment sales to be zero-emission by 2035, where feasible.
Regulatory Background
7 Senate Bill 27 (2021)
Adopted on September 23, 2021, SB 27 requires the state Natural Resources Agency to establish carbon sequestration goals for natural and working lands by July 2023. SB 27 also requires the Natural Resources Agency to create a registry of projects for public and private investment and track the carbon benefits of each project. The projects that would be part of this program may not generate compliance offsets under California’s Cap-and-Trade program. Additionally, as part of the next Scoping Plan Update, CARB is required to establish specific CO2 removal targets starting in 2030.
Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) Regulation (2021)
The ACT Regulation requires that manufacturers of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (Class 2b through Class 8) selling vehicles in California begin shifting toward zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) by model year 2024. Under its provisions, sales of ZEVs must increase steadily over time: for example, by model year 2035 manufacturers must achieve approximately 55% zero-emission sales for Class 2b-3, 75% for Class 4-8 straight trucks, and 40% for Class 7-8 tractor trucks. In addition to the manufacturer sales requirement, the regulation imposes a one-time reporting obligation on large fleets or entities (those with greater than 50 trucks) to report current fleet makeup and operations.
Enforcement of the ACT regulation remains uncertain at this time. On June 12, 2025, House Joint Resolution 87 was signed into law nullifying the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) notice which granted CARB's waiver request for the regulation. The future of its implementation remains unclear as California pursues legal action against the resolution.
Small Off-road Engine Regulations (2021)
In 2021, CARB approved amendments to the Small Off-road Engine (SORE) Regulations. The SORE regulations are intended to reduce emissions from equipment with SOREs and transition such equipment to zero-emission equipment. SORE equipment includes spark-ignition engines 25 horsepower, or below, which are used in most lawn and garden equipment. The regulations set emission standards for smog-forming pollutants to zero for all new SOREs (except for generator and large pressure washer engines) beginning with model year 2024. The regulations set more stringent emission standards for new portable generators and large pressure washer engines beginning with model year 2028. The regulations apply to manufacturers, sellers, retailers, and distributors producing, distributing, and selling new SOREs.
U.S. EPA has granted CARB an authorization to waive federal preemption for its current SORE regulations. CARB will fully implement the regulations beginning with the 2026 model year and implement the regulations for the remainder of the 2025 model year.
Senate Bill 379 (2022)
Adopted September 16, 2022, SB 379 requires cities and counties to implement an online, automated permitting platform to verify solar installation code compliance and issue permits in real time for residential solar energy systems no larger than 38.4 kilowatt hours.
Senate Bill 1020 (2022)
Adopted September 16, 2022, SB 1020 expedites the previous goals established by SB 100, by establishing a clean electricity goal for end-use customers of 90% by 2035, and 95% by 2040.
Additionally, SB 1020 requires 100% of all electricity procured to serve all state agencies to be clean energy by December 31, 2035.
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Climate Action Plan
8 Senate Bill 1063 (2022)
Adopted September 16, 2022, SB 1063 creates appliance efficiency standards set by the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission, which may now take effect sooner than one year after their adoption/revision. SB 1063 builds on Title 20 efficiency standards enforced through the California Energy Commission and first adopted in 1977.
Assembly Bill 1909 (2022)
Adopted September 16, 2022, AB 1909 removes prohibition of operating motorized electric bicycles or Class 3 bikes on bicycle paths or trails, bikeways, or bicycle lanes. However, the bill also includes an exemption for the Department of Parks and Recreation, which may prohibit these classes of bicycles on any bicycle path or trail within the department’s jurisdiction, where appropriate.
Assembly Bill 1857 (2022)
Adopted September 16, 2022, AB 1857 amends various sections of the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989, which required jurisdictions to divert 50% of solid waste through source reduction, recycling, and composting activities, with no more than 10% through transformation. AB 1857 repeals the provision that jurisdictions may divert 10% through transformation (e.g., incineration). Additionally, AB 1857 requires the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery to establish the Zero-Waste Equity Grant Program to support targeted strategies and investments in communities transitioning to zero-waste circular economies.
Assembly Bill 1985 (2022)
Adopted September 16, 2022, AB 1985 establishes penalties applied to jurisdictions for not meeting SB 1383 requirements. Penalty will be based on the percentage of the target the jurisdiction was able to achieve.
Assembly Bill 1279 (2022)
In September 2022, AB 1279 (e.g., the California Climate Crisis Act) was approved, which established a legally binding requirement for California to achieve and maintain carbon neutrality no later than 2045. Assembly Bill 1279 also established the requirement to achieve a Statewide reduction in GHG emissions of 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045. This indicates that the remaining 15 percent to achieve carbon neutrality can be achieved via carbon sequestration and other non-direct-GHG-emissions-reductions techniques.
2022 Scoping Plan Update (2022)
In response to the passage of AB 1279 and the identification of the 2045 GHG reduction target, CARB adopted the Final 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan in November 2022. The 2022 Update builds upon the framework established by the 2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan and previous updates while identifying new, technologically feasible, cost-effective, and equity- focused paths to achieve California’s climate goals. The 2022 Update includes policies to achieve a significant reduction in fossil fuel combustion, further reductions in short-lived climate pollutants, support for sustainable development, increased action in natural working lands to reduce emissions and sequester carbon, and the capture and storage of carbon. The 2022 Update assesses the progress California is making toward reducing its GHG emissions by at least 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, as called for in SB 32 and laid out in the 2017 Scoping Plan, addresses recent legislation and direction from Governor Newsom, extends and expands upon these earlier plans, and implements a goal of reducing anthropogenic emissions to 85 percent below 1990 levels by Regulatory Background
9 2045, as well as taking an additional step of adding carbon neutrality as a science-based guide for California’s climate work.9
Advanced Clean Cars II (2022)
By 2035 all new passenger cars, trucks and SUVs sold in California will be ZEVs. The Advanced Clean Cars II regulations take the state’s already growing ZEV market and robust motor vehicle emission control rules and augments them to meet more aggressive tailpipe emissions standards and ramp up to 100% ZEVs.
Enforcement of the Advanced Clean Cars II regulation remains uncertain at this time. On June 12, 2025, House Joint Resolution 88 was signed into law nullifying the U.S. EPA’s notice which granted CARB's request for the regulation. The future of implementation remains unclear as California pursues legal action against the resolution.
Senate Bill 1020 (2022)
SB 1020, also known as the Clean Energy, Jobs, and Affordability Act of 2022, would build off of existing laws and require that eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources supply 90% of all retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers by December 31, 2035, 95% of all retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers by December 31, 2040, 100% of all retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers by December 31, 2045, and 100% of electricity procured to serve all state agencies by December 31, 2035, as specified.
Advanced Clean Fleets Regulation (2023)
Adopted by CARB in 2023, the Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) regulation requires fleets that are well suited for electrification to reduce emissions through requirements to phase-in the use of ZEVs for targeted fleets.
In 2025, California withdrew the request for a federal waiver for the addition of the ACF regulation to the State’s emissions control program. At this time, CARB is not enforcing the portions of the ACF regulation that require a federal waiver. However, not all elements of the ACF regulation require a federal waiver or authorization. The State and local government fleets portion of the ACF regulation remains unaffected. Additionally, CARB is encouraging affected industries and fleets to continue reducing their GHG emissions.
Assembly Bill 2684 (2024)
Adopted September 30, 2024, AB 2684 requires cities and counties to update the Safety Element chapter of the general Plan after January 1, 2028, to address extreme heat hazards.
Senate Bill 1221 (2024)
Adopted September 25, 2024, SB 1221, also known as Empowering neighborhood-scale decarbonization for a cleaner, safer future, will create long-term energy affordability for Californians, reduce emissions from the state’s building stock, and create an equitable transition toward carbon neutrality by 2045. Signed by Governor Gavin Newsom, this legislation authorizes the California Public Utilities Commission to create up to 30 “neighborhood decarbonization zones.” In these zones, communities can transition from gas to zero-emissions alternatives, such as electric heating and cooking appliances.
AB 130 New Exemptions Under CEQA (2025)
California Assembly Bill (AB) 130, signed into law on June 30, 2025, includes provisions that affect both the electrification of buildings and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
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Climate Action Plan
10 While generally aimed at increasing housing and expediting development, the bill places a moratorium on local governments from adopting new residential energy "reach codes" between October 1, 2025, and June 1, 2031. This freeze on new, stricter codes applies to residential units and also suspends the 2028 statewide energy code update cycle. Local governments may still update reach codes if the changes are substantially equivalent to codes in effect as of September 30, 2025, if deemed necessary for health and safety emergencies, or if the changes are needed to align with a General Plan adopted before June 10, 2025.
City of Camarillo Sustainability Plans and Policies
The City of Camarillo has completed previous emissions inventories, developed a list of sustainability best practices, prepared a wastewater master plan, approved a Sustainability Plan for Municipal Operations, and adopted an updated Safety Element, each of which are discussed below.
Historical GHG Emission Inventories
In December 2015, the City of Camarillo completed three GHG emission inventories as part of a regional GHG emission inventory for Ventura County.7 The GHG emission inventories, covering the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, were completed by Ventura County Regional Energy Alliance. They represent the City’s early actions towards tracking GHG emissions and promoting regional climate action.
Sustainability Best Practice Activities
As a member of the Institute for Local Government’s Beacon Program, the City of Camarillo was awarded the Beacon Spotlight Award for Sustainability Best Practice Activities in 2016 and 2017, and the Beacon Spotlight Award for Agency Energy Savings in 2016. The awards reflect the City of Camarillo’s growing efforts to save energy, reduce GHG emissions, and create a more sustainable community. Recognized activities range from the installation of public electric vehicle charging stations and energy efficient technologies to the maintenance of a community-wide database to identify potential vacant and underutilized infill sites for development.8 Wastewater Master Plan
The City’s Wastewater Master Plan (WMP) is a forward-looking planning tool that details the condition of the City’s wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure and provides a roadmap to maintain the City’s reliable wastewater service to the residents, businesses, and visitors of the City. The long-term improvements included in the WMP were designed with consideration for the State’s GHG emissions reduction goals, such as those established by SB 1383.9
7 Ventura County Regional Ene4rgy Alliance. 2015. Climate on the Move. https://www.vcenergy.org/wp- content/uploads/Climate_on_the_Move_Final.pdf. Accessed August 29, 2022. 8 Institute for Local Government. 2019. City of Camarillo Sustainability Best Practice Activities. https://www.ca- ilg.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/camarillo_bp_final_0.pdf?1567027440. Accessed August 29, 2022. 9 Camarillo Sanitary District. 2022. Wastewater Master Plan. https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/City%20Manager/Sustainability/Wastewater%20Master%20Plan.pdf. Accessed August 29, 2022.
Regulatory Background
11 Sustainability Master Plan for Municipal Operations
The Sustainability Master Plan (SMP) for Municipal Operations is a planning document that establishes a comprehensive framework to guide how the City’s municipal operations reduce environmental impacts, improve resilience, and advance sustainability goals in a fiscally responsible and operationally feasible manner. The SMP evaluates existing conditions such as energy, water, fleet, and emissions, sets measurable goals for climate action and resource efficiency, and identifies implementation actions to integrate sustainability across all City departments and infrastructure.
The actions included in the SMP are designed with consideration for state and regional GHG reduction targets and best practices for climate adaptation and resilience Safety Element Update
The Safety Element Update is a required component of the City’s General Plan that identifies natural and human-caused hazards that pose risks to community health, safety, and property, and establishes goals, policies, and strategies to reduce those risks and improve resilience. The update incorporates the latest scientific data and state legal requirements regarding hazards such as wildfire, flooding, earthquakes, and climate change, including climate adaptation and evacuation planning, and guides local decisions related to land use, permitting, and emergency preparedness to protect residents, businesses, and infrastructure.
Appendix B
City of Camarillo
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Safety Element Update
Table of Contents
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment i
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................. 1
1.1 Background on Climate Change ..................................... 1
1.2 Camarillo Snapshot ........................................................ 1
1.3 Report Overview ............................................................ 2
1.4 Lexicon........................................................................... 3
1.5 Vulnerability Assessment Methodology ........................ 4 2 Exposure to Climate Hazards .................................................... 9
2.1 Climate Drivers .............................................................. 9
2.2 Hazards ........................................................................ 10 3 Sensitivity ................................................................................ 20
3.1 Vulnerable Populations ............................................... 20
3.2 Natural and Managed Resources ................................. 22
3.3 Buildings and Facilities................................................. 22
3.4 Critical Infrastructure and Services .............................. 22 4 Adaptive Capacity ................................................................... 23
4.1 Extreme Heat and Warm Nights .................................. 23
4.2 Riverine and Stormwater Flooding, and Droughts ....... 24
4.3 Wildfires, Landslides, and Air Quality .......................... 25
4.4 Multiple Climate Hazards ............................................ 26 5 Vulnerability Analysis .............................................................. 27
5.1 Vulnerable Populations ............................................... 27
5.2 Natural and Managed Resources ................................. 33
5.3 Buildings and Facilities................................................. 36
5.4 Critical Infrastructure and Services .............................. 38 6 Conclusion............................................................................... 41 7 References .............................................................................. 44 Tables
Table 1 Impact and Adaptive Capacity Scoring Rubric ............... 8 Table 2 Vulnerability Score Matrix ............................................. 8 Table 3 Vulnerable Populations in Camarillo ........................... 21 Table 4 Program, Plans, and Policies to Manage Impacts of Increased Temperature ........................................................... 23 Table 5 Programs, Plans, and Policies to Manage Precipitation Impacts ................................................................................... 24 Table 6 Programs, Plans, and Policies to Manage Wildfire Impacts ................................................................................... 25 Table 7 Programs, Plans, and Policies to Manage Multiple Climate Hazard Impacts .......................................................... 26 Figures
Figure 1 California Adaptation Planning Phases to Assessing Vulnerability .............................................................................. 4 Figure 2 Vulnerability Assessment Flow Diagram........................ 5 Figure 3 Wildfire Hazard Severity Zones in Camarillo................ 14 Figure 4 Landslide Susceptibility in Camarillo ........................... 16 Figure 5 100 and 500 Year Floodplain in Camarillo ................... 18 City of Camarillo
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Introduction
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 1
1 Introduction
1.1 Background on Climate Change
This report evaluates how climate change may impact vulnerable populations, natural and managed resources, buildings and facilities, and infrastructure and critical services in Camarillo. This report is consistent with Government Code § 65302 (as amended by Senate Bill (SB) 379) which requires cities, counties, and unincorporated areas across California to prepare a Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment to inform updates to the Safety Element of the General Plan. Understanding Camarillo’s vulnerabilities to climate change provides a foundation to develop required climate adaptation goals, policies, and implementation programs for the Safety Element.
1.2 Camarillo Snapshot
Camarillo is located along Highway 101 in western Ventura County and encompasses approximately 20 square miles at the base of the Conejo Grade within the Oxnard Plain. The city is located approximately 8 miles from the coastline and Pt. Mugu entrance to the Naval Base Ventura County. Camarillo is home to California State University Channel Islands, which was opened in 2002. The economy of Camarillo is made up of a mix of educational and health services, and agriculture. The largest employer in Camarillo is the Pleasant Valley School District. The City’s local economy is comprised of many small to medium-sized businesses with 500 or less employees.
Since being incorporated as a city in 1952 there has been a steady rate of growth with the current population of Camarillo at approximately 115,000 full-time residents (Ventura County LHMP 2022).
Causes of Climate Change
Climate change is caused by the addition of excess
greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere, which
traps heat near the earth’s surface raising global
average temperatures creating the greenhouse
effect. This increase in average temperatures across
the globe affects precipitation patterns, the severity
of wildfires, the prevalence of extreme heat events,
water supply, and ocean temperatures and
chemistry (NASA 2024). According to the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
GHGs are now higher than they have been in the
past 400,000 years, raising carbon dioxide levels
from 280 parts per million to 410 parts per million in
the last 150 years (IPCC 2021). The dramatic
increase in GHGs is attributed to human activities
beginning with the industrial revolution in the
1800s, which represented a shift from an agrarian
and handicraft-based economy to one dominated by
industry and machine manufacturing (NASA 2024).
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2 1.3 Report Overview
1. Introduction provides a lexicon of terms used throughout the report and describes the methodology and key data sources used to prepare the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment.
2. Climate Hazards outlines climate drivers, relevant climate hazards, historical hazards events, how hazards are expected to change, and includes figures mapping climate hazards spatially across Camarillo.
3. Sensitivity identifies populations and assets most at risk to climate change.
4. Adaptive Capacity summarizes plans, policies, and programs that help Camarillo cope with climate hazard events.
5. Vulnerability Analysis describes potential impacts for each hazard based on sensitive community, natural, and built assets, with consideration given to their adaptive capacity. The chapter includes vulnerability scores of low, medium, or high for each population group and asset. See Vulnerability Scoring Methodology section below for more detail.
6. Conclusion presents the key findings of this report.
Introduction
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 3
1.4 Lexicon
Several words and phrases are used throughout the plan to illustrate climate vulnerabilities within Camarillo. ▪ Adaptation. The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, either to minimize harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate (IPCC, 2012). ▪ Adaptive Capacity. Camarillo’s ability to cope with and adjust to the impacts of climate change (Cal OES 2020).
▪ Asset. A resource, structure, facility, or service that is relied on by a community.
▪ Cascading Impact. Climate hazard caused impacts that
compromise infrastructure or disrupt critical services (i.e., power supply or water conveyance) broadening the scope of impact past a singular subject to reliant subsystems and populations (Collins et al. 2019).
▪ Climate Driver. A change in the climate which acts as the main source of change for subsequent climate hazards. Climate drivers relevant to the county and discussed in this report are temperature and precipitation.
▪ Climate Hazard. A dangerous or potentially dangerous condition created by the effects of the local climate (Cal OES 2020). Climate hazards of concern for Camarillo are extreme heat and warm nights, drought, wildfire, landslides, riverine and stormwater flooding, and air quality.
▪ Compounding Risk. When two or more extreme events or
average events occur simultaneously and increase the scope of impact or severity of the event; an additional risk brought about by increased frequency of events from climate change
(Seneviratne et al. 2012).
▪ Impact. Effects on natural and human systems including effects on lives, livelihoods, health, ecosystems, economies, societies, cultures, services, and infrastructure due to the interaction of climate hazards and the vulnerabilities of the system or asset effected (IPCC 2012).
▪ Mitigation. An act or sustained actions to reduce, eliminate, or avoid negative impacts or effects (Cal OES 2020).
▪ Resilience. The capacity of an entity (an individual a community, an organization, or a natural system) to prepare for disruptions, to recover from shocks and stresses, and to adapt and grow from a disruptive experience (Cal OES 2020)
▪ Sensitivities. The degree to which a species, natural system, community, asset, or other associated system would be affected by changing climate conditions (Cal OES 2020).
▪ Vulnerable Populations. Vulnerable populations experience heightened risk and increase sensitivity to climate change and have less capacity and fewer resources to cope with, adapt to, or recover from climate impacts (Cal OES 2020).
▪ Vulnerability. The propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected (IPCC 2012).
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4 1.5 Vulnerability Assessment Methodology
The following section details state guidance, methods, and sources used in the production of this report.
California Adaptation Planning Guide Phases
The City of Camarillo Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment follows the vulnerability assessment process recommended by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), as documented in the 2020 California Adaptation Planning Guide (Cal APG). The adaptation planning process outlines by the Cal APG consists of four phases, illustrated in Figure 1, with Phase 2 detailing the vulnerability assessment process (Cal OES, 2020). The City of Camarillo Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment is prepared consistent with Phase 2 of the Cal APG and is composed of the following parts found in Figure 2.
Figure 1 California Adaptation Planning Phases to Assessing Vulnerability
Source: 2020 California Adaptation Planning Guide
Introduction
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 5
Figure 2 Vulnerability Assessment Flow Diagram
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6 Key Data Sources
The following data sources and tools, many of which are recommended within the Cal APG, were used in preparation of this report. ▪ Cal-Adapt is an online tool that presents historic and modeled projections based on 10 different global climate models. The tool was developed and is maintained by the University of California with oversight from the California Energy Commission (CEC). This tool is used to present projection data related to minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, extreme heat, warm nights, drought, and wildfire.
▪ California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment was developed by the CEC and other State of California coordinating agencies to present up-to-date climate science, projections and potential impacts associated with climate change. The CEC and
coordinating agencies developed nine regional reports to provide regional-scale climate information to support local planning and action. The Los Angeles Region Summary Report (2018) presents an overview of climate science, regional projections, specific strategies to adapt to climate impacts, and key research gaps needed to spur additional progress on safeguarding the Los Angeles Region (including Camarillo) from climate change. The Los Angeles Region Summary Report was used to understand regional changes that may affect Camarillo both directly and indirectly.
▪ Ventura County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan presents information on existing processes and plans in place that address the County and Camarillo’s ability to prepare for climate change impacts and informed the adaptive capacity discussion of this report. The Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (2022) was also used to identify recent historical events.
▪ The California Healthy Places Index (HPI) is an online mapping tool that reports on community conditions that are known to predict health outcomes and life expectancy. The tool was prepared by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California, a collaborative of local health departments in Southern California.
HPI displays 25 community characteristics at various legislative boundaries, including census tracts and city and county boundaries. The community characteristics relate to the following identified Policy Action Areas: economic, education, housing, health care access, neighborhood, clean environment, transportation, and social factors. HPI applies a relative percentile score across all census tracts in California using statistical modeling techniques based on the relationship of the Policy Action Areas to life expectancy at birth. Low percentile scores reflect unhealthy conditions. HPI was used to prepare the social sensitivity index score as described in more detail below. HPI is a useful in providing both big picture and localized insights into community health HPI was used to prepare the social sensitivity index score as described in more detail below.
HPI is useful in providing both big picture and localized insights into community health. HPI was updated in the Spring of 2022 to include data averages from the U.S. Census 2015-2019 ACS. ▪ U.S. Census, 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS) presents demographic data by census tract and was used to supplement the HPI percentile score. U.S. Census data was used to identify the percentage of the Camarillo population that corresponds to each vulnerable group.
▪ CalEnviroScreen4.0 uses a variety of statewide indicators to characterize pollution burden (the average of exposures and environmental effects) and population characteristics (the Introduction
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 7
average of sensitive populations and socioeconomic factors).
The model scores each of the indicators using percentiles and combines the scores to determine a CalEnviroScreen score for a given census tract relative to others in the state. Designated disadvantaged communities are those communities that scored within the highest 25 percent of census tracts across California (CalEnviroScreen percentile scores of 75 or higher), in addition to other parameters relating to income status.
Data Limitations
The limitations of this report and analysis stem from gaps in data availability and completeness of data methods. Census data can miss portions of the population (e.g., unhoused populations) and general demographic information may not accurately capture populations vulnerable to climate change (Cantwell 2021). Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 100-year and 500-year flood plains do not account for climate change projections, flood zones are instead based on historical information. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) are based on vegetation, fire history, and terrain but also has similar limitations, projections of future fire hazard zones are not included (OSFM 2024). Extrapolating landslides and air quality hazard exposure data in the context of climate change is difficult for many reasons including compounding effects and therefore expected, exposures are likely to be underestimated.
The data presented in Cal-Adapt tools are projections, or estimates, of the future. The limitation in these projections is that the long-term behavior of the atmosphere is expressed in averages – for example, average annual temperature, average monthly rainfall, or average water equivalent of mountain snowpack at a given time of year. The averages discussed often downplay the extremes by which daily weather events occur and when presented as an average, only show moderate changes within the climate. For example, using averages can result in an omission of the frequency of extremes. For example, in the case of extreme weather events, atmospheric rivers may increase, while low-moderate intensity weather events decrease through the end of the century. In instances of modeled precipitation projections, an average maintains a quantification similar to historic levels which does not account for anticipated fluctuations in extremes (CEC 2024).
Vulnerable Communities Identification
Vulnerable population indicators are included in the report according to the following methodology, which determines the significance of the population in the city of Camarillo. The list of vulnerable populations considered in this assessment originates from the Southern California Climate Adaptation Planning Guide (SCAG APG). Each population statistic from the SCAG APG list is identified for the city from the U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS). If the data is not available for the population, the Healthy Places Index (HPI) is used or the CalEnviroScreen resource is considered (more information can be found in the Key Data Sources section). A vulnerable population statistic is considered significant if the U.S. Census statistic is larger than the state average for that same population group. If the statistic originates from the HPI, it is considered significant between the 0-25 percentile for unhealthy conditions (in comparison to other cities in the state). If the statistic is acquired from CalEnviroScreen, it is considered significant above the 75th percentile.
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8 Vulnerability Scoring Methodology
Vulnerability scoring is a valuable step in the climate vulnerability assessment process because it identifies which assets and populations face the highest threat to climate hazards. This can aid in the prioritization of adaptation actions. The vulnerability score is a combination of the impact and the adaptive capacity score. The impact and adaptive capacity scores are developed using a qualitative methodology outlined in the Cal APG, as seen in Table 1. Impact and adaptive capacity scores are identified for every asset and population for each climate hazard. The vulnerability score is calculated by combining the two scores as demonstrated in Table 2. The range of vulnerability scores spans between 1 through 5 with 4- 5 indicating the highest vulnerability.
Table 1 Impact and Adaptive Capacity Scoring Rubric
Score Impact Adaptive Capacity
Low Impact is unlikely based on projected exposure; would result in minor consequences to public health, safety, and/or other metrics of concern.
The population or asset lacks capacity to manage changes; major changes would be required.
Medium Impact is somewhat likely based on projected exposure; would result in some consequences to public health, safety, and/or other metrics of concern.
The population or asset has some capacity to manage climate impact; some changes would be required.
High Impact is highly likely based on projected exposure; consequences to public health, safety, and/or other metrics of concern.
The population or asset has high capacity to manage climate impact; minimal to no changes are required.
Source: Cal OES 2020
Table 2 Vulnerability Score Matrix
Potential
Impacts
High 3 4 5
Medium 2 3 4
Low 1 2 3
High Medium Low
Adaptive Capacity
Source: Cal OES 2020
Exposure to Climate Hazards
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 9
2 Exposure to Climate Hazards
Climate change is a global phenomenon that can impact local health, natural resources, infrastructure, emergency response, and many other aspects of society. Projected changes to the climate are dependent on location. The Cal-Adapt tool provides climate data from global scale models that have been localized (downscaled) to
3.7 mile by 3.7-mile grids (CEC 2024). The data in Cal-Adapt is combined with information from the California Fourth Climate Change Assessment to model future changes in specific types of hazards within this assessment. Projections throughout this section are outlined by two separate Representative Concentration Pathways1 (RCP) (CEC 2024).
▪ RCP 4.5 is a medium emissions scenario where global emissions peak by the year 2040.
▪ RCP 8.5 is a high emissions scenario in which global emissions continue to rise through the end of the 21st century.
Projections are forecasted to mid-century (2035-2064) and end- century (2070-2099) as 30-year averages to be compared to a modeled historical baseline (1961-1990) (CEC 2024).
This section presents information on temperature and precipitation, which are characterized as climate drivers. Subsequently, this section provides information on projected changes to natural hazards, including extreme heat, drought, wildfire, landslides, air quality, and riverine and stormwater flooding, which result from changes to climate drivers.
1 Representative Concentration Pathways1 (RCP) is a greenhouse gas concentration (not emissions) trajectory adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
2.1 Climate Drivers
In Camarillo, the climate drivers of concern include temperature and precipitation. All projections are pulled from the Cal-Adapt Local Climate Change Snapshot tool and supplemented with the Los Angeles regional information found in the California Fourth Climate Change Assessment Los Angeles Regional Report (CEC 2024, Hall et al. 2018).
Temperature
Camarillo’s historical (1961-1990) average maximum temperature is
73.3°F and average minimum temperature is 48.6°F. Camarillo mid- century projection for average maximum temperatures shows a
3.4°F (RCP 4.5) to 4.2°F (RCP 8.5) increase. The mid-century projection for average minimum temperatures shows a 3.1°F (RCP
4.5) to 3.9°F (RCP 8.5) increase in maximum temperatures. The end of the century projections for average maximum temperatures are expected to increase in Camarillo by approximately 4.4°F (RCP 4.5) to 7.0°F (RCP 8.5). The end of the century projections for average minimum temperatures are expected to increase by approximately
4.1°F (RCP 4.5) to 6.8°F (RCP 8.5) (CEC 2024). Temperature increases affects extreme heat and warm nights, drought, wildfire, and air quality (Hall et al. 2018).
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10 Precipitation
Precipitation across the Ventura County region is highly variable, with some areas averaging 8 inches annually and others up to 38 inches (County of Ventura 2022). The observed 30-year average annual precipitation is 14.7 inches. Annual precipitation projections for Camarillo under RCP 8.5 demonstrate a 0.2-inch decrease by mid-century and 0.1-inch increase by end-century in annual precipitation totals (CEC 2024). Despite small changes in average precipitation, dry and wet extremes are both expected to increase in the future. By the late-21st century, the wettest day of the year is expected to increase across most of the Los Angeles region, with some locations experiencing 25-30 percent increases under RCP8.5 (Hall et al. 2018). There will be more dry periods punctuated by increased precipitation intensities of the largest storms or wet periods, producing little net change in precipitation totals but more extreme conditions (Hall et al. 2018). Precipitation changes are expected to affect wildfire, drought, landslides, riverine and stormwater flooding, and air quality.
2.2 Hazards
This section outlines projected changes for the following climate hazards:
Extreme Heat and Warm Nights
Drought
Wildfire
Landslides
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding
Air Quality
Exposure to Climate Hazards
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 11
Extreme Heat and Warm Nights
Extreme heat events are defined as days in which the daily maximum temperature exceeds the 98thpercentile value of the historical average. For Camarillo, the threshold temperature is 92.1°F (CEC, 2022). Exposure to extreme heat can cause direct heat-related illness (heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke) and death, and can also exacerbate certain existing medical conditions (Hall et al. 2018). Increased frequency of extreme heat days can result in increased public health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations like older adults, young children, and individuals with underlying chronic diseases, through heat- related illnesses and increased vector-borne illnesses. Warm nights can further exacerbate the risk of heat illness because they affect the body’s ability to cool after a day of heightened temperatures. In Camarillo, a warm night is when the daily minimum temperature is above the threshold temperature of 63.4°F. Camarillo has a historic average of 4 extreme heat days annually, which is projected to increase to 11 days by mid-century and 24 days by the end of the century under RCP 8.5. Camarillo has historically experienced 6 warm nights a year and is projected to experience a mid-century total of 28 nights (RCP
8.5) and an end-century total of 30 (RCP 4.5) to 63 nights (RCP 8.5) (CEC 2024). Extreme heat can also damage roadways, overload electrical grid systems, and result in vegetation die-off or stress. Future climate changes, especially increases in extreme heat, are expected to disproportionately burden low-income residents and communities of color across the region (Hall et al. 2018).
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12 Drought
Climate change will increase the likelihood that low-precipitation years will coincide with above- average temperature years. Warming temperatures increase seasonal dryness and the likelihood of drought due to decreased supply of moisture and increased atmospheric demand for moisture as evaporation from bare soils and evapotranspiration from plants increases. The increased moisture loss from soils and vegetation amplifies dryness during periods without precipitation.
The Southern California region is prone to periods of extreme drought and has experienced severe dry conditions between 2011-2015 (Hall et al. 2018). Extremely dry years are projected to increase over Southern California, potentially a doubling or more in frequency by the late-21st century (Hall et al. 2018).
The duration of dry spells, or the number of consecutive days with precipitation totals less than 1mm, is projected to vary based on emissions scenario. Like patterns in precipitation some of the annual variability is obscured within 30-year averages. Despite this, the clear trend is for maximum lengths of dry spells to increase through the end of century (CEC 2024). The modeled historical average maximum length of a dry spell for Camarillo is 157 days. The mid-century projections show an increase in the length of the average maximum dry spell between 8 days (RCP
4.5) and 9 days (RCP 8.5). Subsequently, the end of century projections shows an increase between 7 days (RCP 4.5) and 16 days (RCP 8.5).
Drought can affect vulnerable populations as well as economic productivity throughout Camarillo.
Vulnerabilities for natural and managed resources can include stressed vegetation and habitat depletion while populations may be more vulnerable to heat stress and dehydration (Hall et al. 2018).
Exposure to Climate Hazards
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 13
Wildfire
In Southern California, the occurrences of wildfires and the average burned area are projected to increase by the mid-21st century under RCP 8.5 (Hall et. al 2018). This trend is projected to occur in Camarillo through mid and end-century projections (CEC 2024). Wildfire events are a product of temperature increases compounded with precipitation declines creating wildfire prone conditions. Ventura County’s wildfires are influenced by Santa Ana Winds, which are responsible for the region’s most destructive wildfires. Nearly 80% of wildfires occur during the summer and fall, with a quarter of annual wildfires occurring during Santa Ana events (Hall et al. 2018). Areas in Camarillo that are at significant risk to wildfire are located along the northern, eastern, and northeastern portions of the city. These areas are categorized as CAL FIRE Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ), shown in Figure 3. There are several critical facilities within the VHFHSZ including transportation infrastructure assets along Highway 101. The St. John’s Hospital in the northern portion of the city is adjacent to VHFHSZ. Several roads and residential areas are also located within the city’s fire zones including State Highway 101 in the southeastern portion of the city.
Wildfires can create risk of injury, death, or financial hardship if personal property is damaged as well as physical damage to all other assets creating cascading risks for vulnerable populations when infrastructure is damaged or off-line. The 2017 Thomas Fire burned 281,893 acres in both Ventura County and Santa Barbara County, though Camarillo did not incur any structural damage, and was only indirectly impacted due to smoke and by providing mutual aid and evacuation centers. In 2018, the Hill Fire started in the Camarillo area and burned 4,531 acres (County of Ventura 2022).
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14 Figure 3 Wildfire Hazard Severity Zones in Camarillo
Exposure to Climate Hazards
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 15
Landslides
The Ventura Region is projected to experience increases to wildfire exposure and precipitation extremes and subsequently landslide-prone conditions (CEC 2024). Landslide risks in Camarillo occupy regions that overlap with wildfire zones, and along sloped areas in the hills north of the city. The Ventura County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Exposure Assessment details past natural hazard events and specific assets at risk within Camarillo to landslides, as well as the number of people affected in the city. Figure 4 shows landslide susceptibility in Camarillo, with the highest risk areas being situated in the northern portion of the city. Specifically, landslide risk is significant in the region north of Ventura Boulevard and west of Las Posas Road, as well as in the region east of North Lewis Road and north of Mission Oaks Boulevard.
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16 Figure 4 Landslide Susceptibility in Camarillo
Exposure to Climate Hazards
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 17
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding
Climate change may cause low-lying areas throughout Camarillo to experience more frequent flooding and could increase the extent of 100-year floods. Riverine flooding is projected to increase as precipitation extremes increases (CEC 2024). Figure 5 maps the 100- and 500-year floodplains within Camarillo. Stormwater systems may be overwhelmed more frequently as more extreme rain events occur, causing localized flooding which could impact properties and close streets. Numerous facilities and infrastructure occupy 100-year or 500-year floodplains in Camarillo including several parks, a hospital, fire stations within and adjacent to floodplains, several schools, and wastewater facility are in existing flood plains.
Flooding impacts directly create physical damages from inundation (Hall et. al 2018). Flooding can also cascade into power, wastewater, and storm drainage infrastructure, exacerbating public health concerns.
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18 Figure 5 100 and 500 Year Floodplain in Camarillo
Exposure to Climate Hazards
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 19
Air Quality
Worsening air quality due to climate change can create respiratory issues for vulnerable populations and impact indoor areas without adequate air filtration systems. There are several types of air quality decline sources found below:
▪ Dust. Increased temperature leads to lack of soil moisture and increased dry, dusty conditions (Hall et al. 2018).
▪ Smog. Increases in ambient temperature can lead to higher rates of smog also referred to as ozone. Ground-level ozone specifically will be experienced at higher rates leading to raised cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality rates (CDPH 2014). Ground- level ozone has also been shown to have particularly disproportionate adverse impacts on populations experiencing houselessness and lower median income (PNAS 2021). Camarillo will experience increases in ozone concentrations in parallel to temperature increases. ▪ Fewer Natural Filtrations. Precipitation variability and long periods of dry spells lead to less reliable air quality for the entire region. Moisture in the air can filter pollutants and provide for overall improved conditions (Hall et al. 2018). ▪ Wildfire Smoke. Temperature, severe wildfire conditions, and the area burned by wildfires throughout the state has increased and will continue to increase. Higher temperatures accompanied by an increase in the incidence and extent of large wildfires will lead to increased wildfire smoke exposure and associated toxins, air pollution, and particulate matter (Hall et. al 2018).
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20 3 Sensitivity
Populations and assets are affected by climate change depending on their sensitivity to climate hazards. This section identifies sensitive populations and assets within Camarillo. Potential impacts from the climate hazards of concern on sensitive populations and assets are presented in the Vulnerability Analysis section.
Vulnerable Populations
Natural and Managed Resources
Buildings and Facilities
Infrastructure and Critical Services
3.1 Vulnerable Populations
While all people in a community will experience climate change, some may be more affected than others. For
example, older adults and young children may be more
at-risk to heat illness during an extreme heat event. Several factors influence sensitivity to climate hazards including an individual’s health, age, and ability, societal disadvantages, inequities in access to health care, economic opportunity, education and other resources, and inequities found in basic needs and exposure to environmental stressors (Cal OES 2020). Vulnerable populations experience heightened risk to climate change and have fewer resources to adapt and recover from climate change impacts.
Camarillo has several vulnerable populations that will be disproportionately impacted by climate change. These include those listed in Table 3 below.
▪ Individuals with high outdoor exposure. People experiencing houselessness and outdoor workers.
▪ Under-resourced individuals. Renters and individuals without a computer.
▪ Individuals facing societal barriers. Communities of color. ▪ Individuals with chronic health conditions or health related sensitivities. Older adults, children, individuals with disabilities (physical and cognitive), and Military Veterans.
Sensitivity
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 21
Table 3 Vulnerable Populations in Camarillo
Population Population Description
Percentage of
Population or Households
People experiencing houselessness Individuals who currently lack fixed, regular, and adequate housing 0.07% Outdoor workers Individuals older than 16 who work outdoors 7% Unemployed Individuals without active employment 17.1%
Older adults Individuals 65 years or older 20.4%
Children Individuals 5 years and younger 6.2%
Miliary Veterans Individuals who have served but are not currently serving in the US Armed Forces 6.4% Communities of color All individuals that do not identify as white 25.4% Renters Housing units that are renter occupied 34.8%
Individuals with disabilities Individuals with access and functional needs (physical and mental) 12.9% Households without broadband internet Households without access to broadband internet. 10.2% Source: The percentages used in this table were acquired from the California Healthy Places Index 3.0, U.S. Census, 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS), Ventura County 2022 Homeless Count, and CalEnviroScreen 4.0.
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22 3.2 Natural and Managed
Resources
Natural and managed resources within Camarillo as
detailed in the Open Space and Conservation Element of
the General Plan include agriculture and open space,
water, watersheds, air and arable soil, soil quality, and the foothill recreational areas (City of Camarillo 2006). Prime agricultural land is primarily along the southern city border, between highway 101 and Pleasant Valley Road. Natural watercourses include the Calleguas Creek, Conejo Creek, and the Revolon/Beardsley Wash, all of which provide groundwater and aquifer recharge as well as storm runoff.
The City offers recreational areas, primarily in the foothills, as well as municipal and regional parks (City of Camarillo 2006). These various resources provide habitat and improve air and water quality, and are sources of community resilience, recreation, and economic productivity to the city. They are spread throughout the city and face various levels of exposure to climate hazards.
3.3 Buildings and Facilities
Climate change is expected to amplify extreme weather
and climate hazards in Camarillo. A jurisdiction’s
vulnerability increases when buildings and facilities are not designed, operated, and/or maintained to function effectively under extreme weather conditions or can be damaged by extreme weather conditions. The following buildings and facilities would be particularly sensitive to climate change: municipal buildings, educational facilities, and residential and commercial
developments.
3.4 Critical Infrastructure and
Services
Within Camarillo there is a large array of critical
infrastructure and services that are vulnerable to climate change. Assets within this category include water
services, wastewater, solid and hazardous waste and recycling, fire services, emergency Services, medical services, utilities and major utility corridors, public transportation, roadways, and active transportation routes. The Camarillo Airport is in the southwestern region of the city, and contains other critical services, such as the Hazardous Materials unit.
Adaptive Capacity
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 23
4 Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is the ability to adjust to the consequences of climate change. This section summarizes the ways in which the City currently manages for the negative impacts of climate change. Types of adaptive capacity include adjustments in behavior, resources, and technologies.
The City of Camarillo has actively taken steps to increase the county’s adaptive capacity. Existing policies, plans, programs, and institutions that increase the city’s resilience to climate change impacts are organized by climate hazard and listed in Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, and Table 7. The Adaptive capacity findings are overlayed with impacts of each climate hazard on different asset categories to produce a vulnerability score for each asset in the Vulnerability Analysis section (section 5).
4.1 Extreme Heat and Warm Nights
Table 4 lists programs, plans, and policies that help communities become more resilient to an increase in extreme heat and warm nights.
Table 4 Program, Plans, and Policies to Manage Impacts of Increased Temperature Existing and Planned Programs, Plans, and Policies Objectives Ventura County Cooling Centers Ventura County maintains designated cooling centers for county residents, especially those more susceptible to heat related illness. The location in Camarillo is the Camarillo Public Library, which operates as a cooling center in response to extreme heat events.
Ventura County Contingency Plan for Heat/Cold
Weather Events (County of Ventura 2020)
This plan describes the roles, responsibilities of County agencies and disaster-related organizations and potential issues associated with an extended weather emergency. Additionally, this plan was developed to ensure effective support and interagency coordination in accordance with the following laws and guidelines including Emergency Services Act (ESA) and Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
Southern California Edison (SCE) Medical Baseline
Allowance Program (SCE 2022)
SCE provides additional electricity at discounted rates to customers with a qualifying medical need. This program often allows heat sensitive individuals to continue operating space cooling equipment more consistently.
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24 4.2 Riverine and Stormwater Flooding, and Droughts
Table 5 lists programs, plans, and policies that help increase the community’s resilience to droughts and riverine and stormwater flooding.
Table 5 Programs, Plans, and Policies to Manage Precipitation Impacts Existing and Planned Programs, Plans, and Policies Objectives Calleguas Municipal Water District (CMWD 2020). The CMWD Urban Water Management Plan includes descriptions of the CMWD services to its retail water purveyors to deliver water supply to Camarillo, projected water demands, and supply reliability during normal water years, single-dry years, and five consecutive dry years.
City of Camarillo Urban Water Management Plan
(Camarillo UWMP 2020).
The Camarillo Urban Water Management Plan includes descriptions of CMWD water supply sources, projected water demands, and supply reliability during normal water years, single-dry years, and five consecutive dry years.
The City of Camarillo supplies most of the water for residents and the remaining residents are served by the Camrosa Water District, Pleasant Valley County Water District, Pleasant Valley Mutual Water Company, and Crestview Mutual Water Company. The plan includes a short chapter discussing the impacts of climate change on the water system with limited strategies for mitigation and adaptation.
Camrosa Water District (CWD) Urban Water
Management Plan (Camrosa Water District 2020).
Calleguas Municipal Water District (CMWD).
The CWD Urban Water Management Plan includes descriptions of CMWD water supply sources, projected water demands, and supply reliability during normal water years and periods of drought. The plan includes a discussion of the impacts of climate change on the system.
Ventura County Integrated Regional Water
Management Plan (County of Ventura 2019)
Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM) is a paradigm for managing water and related resources on a regional scale. IRWM “regions” have been formed across California to develop plans that identify water management challenges, resolve conflicts over the best use of resources, bridge gaps in data, find common ground, and seek innovative solutions among stakeholders. Ultimately the goal is implementation of projects and programs that efficiently address water management priorities. The plan highlights the need to consider the impacts of climate change on water management.
Adaptive Capacity
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 25
4.3 Wildfires, Landslides, and Air Quality
Table 6 lists programs, plans, and policies that help increase the community’s resilience to wildfires.
Table 6 Programs, Plans, and Policies to Manage Wildfire Impacts Existing and Planned Programs, Plans, and Policies Objectives Ventura County Fire Hazard Reduction Program
(FHRP) (VCFD 2022)
The Ventura County Fire Hazard Reduction Program is managed by the Ventura County Fire Department to comply with AB 38 which requires real estate sales of property within a High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone to involve an inspection by local fire authorities to demonstrate compliance with state and local laws regarding defensible space and vegetation management. The Ventura County Fire Department’s Ordinance is designed to minimize fire danger by controlling the density and placement of flammable vegetation. The goal is to maintain trees and vegetation that benefit a property, and to remove hazardous vegetation that provides a combustible fuel supply for wildfire.
Ventura Community Wildfire Protection Plan
(Ventura Land Trust 2022)
The County’s Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) identifies wildfire risks and clarifies priorities for funding and programs to reduce impacts of wildfire on communities at risk. Some actions include vegetation management, wildfire safety education programs, and establishment and maintenance of evacuation routes.
Ventura County Fire Department's Fire Prevention
Bureau (VCFD 2022)
The Ventura County Fire Department’s Fire Prevention Bureau works to ensure safety of communities as an all-hazard full-service agency and provides requirements for rebuilding of structures that were damaged or destroyed. The Bureau’s responsibilities include working with property owners to establish defensible space as part of the Fire Hazard Reduction Program and conduct public education events.
Southern California Edison (SCE) Wildfire Mitigation
Plan (SCE 2023)
The SCE Wildfire Mitigation Plan details the various mitigation efforts the utility is making to reduce the risk of and increase resilience to wildfire. These efforts include risk assessment and mapping, situational awareness and forecasting, public safety power shutoffs, grid hardening, vegetation management, grid operations and protocols, and emergency preparedness. This Plan takes into consideration climate change impacts on wildfire and resilience.
Ventura County Wildfire Action Plan (Ventura
County Fire Department 2016)
The Ventura County Wildfire Action Plan (“Ready, Set, Go!”) is a guide for making homes resistant to wildfires and preparations for leaving in an emergency wildfire situation. The guide includes information on how to establish defensible space, home hardening, and how to conduct a Family Disaster Plan checklist.
Southern California Edison (SCE) Public Safety
Power Shutoff (PSPS) Customer Care Programs fact
sheet (SCE 2022)
SCE operates a notification system to alert customers at least 1 to 2 days prior of a Public Safety Power Shutoff during periods of elevated wildfire risk. During a PSPS, SCE provides various supportive services to customers with qualifying needs including backup power systems rebates and incentives, transportation (Community Crew Vehicles), and community resource centers providing back up power to essential services such as pharmacies, grocery stores, and gas stations.
City of Camarillo
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26 4.4 Multiple Climate Hazards
Table 7 lists programs, plans, and policies that help increase the community’s resilience to multiple climate hazards including hazards outlined previously and in conjunction with others.
Table 7 Programs, Plans, and Policies to Manage Multiple Climate Hazard Impacts Existing and Planned Programs,
Plans, and Policies Objectives
Ventura County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan (County of Ventura 2022)
The Plan assesses hazards within the County and identifies mitigation strategies that reduce or eliminate long-term risks to people and property from those hazards. Climate hazards planned for include drought, flood, landslides, extreme heat, severe storms, and wildfire. The Plan outlines goals and objective to mitigate risk to vulnerable populations and physical assets across Ventura County.
City of Camarillo Emergency Operations Plan
(EOP) (City of Camarillo 2021)
The City’s EOP details a comprehensive emergency management system which enables a planned response to a wide variety of disaster situations. The high-level goals of the EOP are 1) to provide effective life safety measures, reduce property loss, and protect the environment; 2) to provide for the rapid resumption of impacted businesses and community services; 3) the provide accurate documentation and records required for cost recovery efforts. While the plan does not address climate change directly, it establishes a framework of response to multiple hazards exacerbated by climate change including flooding, drought, wildfire, and landslides.
City of Camarillo Emergency Operations Plan
(City of Camarillo 2021)
Camarillo’s Emergency Operations Plan details protocols to prevent, protect, mitigate, respond, and recover from the effects of disasters. The plan includes and Emergency Operations Center for the effective management of emergency situations during a major emergency or disaster and identifies lines of authority and responsibility. The plan reviews potential hazards to impact the city including wildfires, flooding, dam failure, earthquakes, and landslides.
Ventura County Emergency Response Team
(CERT) Program (VCFD 2021)
The CERT program trains volunteers in basic first aid, light search and rescue, and small fire suppression, and are closely associated with Ventura County’s Fire Department. CERT volunteers may assist neighbors and other emergency personnel in times of emergency, and support evacuations along with other responsibilities. The City of Camarillo has CERT Coordinator and provides local educational programs as described above.
Ventura County Alert Program (County of
Ventura 2022)
The County of Ventura uses an emergency notification system for residents to send alerts if there is an emergency in a community. The alert system can be used to alert a home or business using the address, landline, cell phone, email, and TTY device to receive emergency alerts in English and Spanish.
Camarillo General Plan Safety Element (City
of Camarillo 2013)
The Camarillo General Plan Safety Element provides policy direction that supports laws and regulation of future development that will minimize the risk of personal injury, loss of life, property damage, and environmental damage associated with natural and human-caused hazards. The Safety Element does not include goals related to climate adaptation and resilience, and policies that will support the community’s capacity to better withstand the impacts associated with climate change. However, this Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment will inform updates to the Safety Element of the General Plan.
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Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 27
5 Vulnerability Analysis
The following section outlines the impacts each climate hazard has on vulnerable population groups and assets as described in the Sensitivity section (section 3). Existing plans, policies, and programs that contribute to the adaptive capacity of the assets outlined in the Adaptive Capacity section (section 4) is summarized throughout. An impact score and an adaptive capacity score is identified for each asset and climate hazard type producing the overall vulnerability score. Vulnerable populations in the City of Camarillo include the following:
▪ People experiencing houselessness
▪ Outdoor workers
▪ Older adults
▪ Children
▪ Renters
▪ Communities of color
▪ Military Veterans
▪ Individuals with disabilities (physical and cognitive) ▪ Individuals without a computer
The following sections discuss these vulnerable populations, within the subgroups delineated blow, their disproportionate risk to climate hazards in the city, and why there is a connection between specific populations and each relevant climate hazard risk. The vulnerable groups are as follows:
▪ Individuals with high outdoor exposure. People experiencing houselessness and outdoor workers.
▪ Under-resourced individuals. Renters and individuals without a computer.
▪ Individuals facing systemic discrimination. Communities of color.
▪ Individuals with chronic health conditions or health related sensitivities. Older adults, children, individuals with disabilities (physical and cognitive), and Military Veterans.
5.1 Vulnerable Populations
Individuals with high outdoor exposure including people experiencing houselessness and outdoor workers face
disproportionate direct exposure to climate hazards,
causing them to be extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Individuals in these groups often live in homes that are less protected against climate hazards, lack a permanent residence, or don’t have shelter altogether. People experiencing houselessness may not have access to healthcare coverage or financial resources to address health concerns either caused by or exacerbated by climate hazards.
City of Camarillo
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28 Under-resourced individuals often do not have access or the ability to afford resources needed to prepare for, cope with, and recover from climate change impacts. People in this group often face financial barriers and limited access to resources when preparing for and recovering from climate change hazards. Under-resourced individuals often lack the financial resources to evacuate from a climate hazard and/or find an affordable place to evacuate to.
Households without a computer may not receive emergency alerts or governmental guidance before or during a climate hazard event, leaving them in dangerous situations during evacuation scenarios (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Individuals facing systemic discrimination also face additional impacts of climate change. Communities of color are more likely to live in high hazard risk areas and less likely to be homeowners, which leaves them vulnerable to climate hazards.
Individuals with chronic health conditions or health related sensitivities are socially and physiologically vulnerable to climate change impacts and hazards. Older adults and individuals with disabilities may have limited or reduced mobility, mental function, or communication abilities, making it difficult to evacuate during or prepare for a climate hazard event (CDPH 2020). They may also have medical needs for electricity which may be impacted during a public safety power shutoff or climate hazard event. Individuals in these groups are more likely to have pre-existing medical conditions or chronic illnesses that may exacerbate the risk of illnesses and medical problems from climate hazards. Children are socially and physiologically vulnerable to climate hazards with limited understandings of climate hazards and insufficient resources to independently prepare for and safely respond during a climate hazard event. Children, especially young ones, are reliant on their parental figures to ensure their health, safety, and wellbeing (CDPH 2020). Children also have vulnerable physical characteristics because they have not fully physiologically developed and are therefore more vulnerable to health effects of climate change impacts (Kenney et al. 2014). Military Veterans are more likely to be low-income and experience houselessness after their service, which also makes them vulnerable to preparing and responding to climate hazards (Olenick et al. 2015).
Potential Impacts
Extreme Heat and Warm Nights
People experiencing houselessness, older adults, and young children are at risk to health impacts from extreme heat. People experiencing houselessness are exposed to health-related impacts associated with extreme heat because they have limited access to shelter and air conditioning. The primary health impacts to these populations are heat-related illnesses, such as heat stress, heat stroke, and dehydration, which can be life-threatening (CDPH 2020).
Under-resourced individuals may not be able to pay for adequate air conditioning or fans, increasing their exposure to extreme heat.
Under-resourced individuals are less likely to receive medical care for illnesses triggered or exacerbated by extreme heat. Households without a computer may not receive heat advisory warnings or governmental guidance, causing them to experience health impacts from extreme heat exposure (CDPH 2017). Communities of color often live in housing with insufficient protection from extreme heat events and limited or no affordable air conditioning. The primary health impacts to these populations are heat-related illnesses, such as heat stress, heat stroke, and dehydration, which can be life- threatening (CDPH 2020).
Individuals with chronic health conditions or health related sensitivities are particularly at risk to heat related illnesses during extreme heat events. Individuals with disabilities, older adults, and Vulnerability Analysis
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 29
children may have difficulty turning on air conditioning or traveling to cooling centers during extreme heat events. Extreme heat conditions can exacerbate certain disabilities, and other respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, potentially causing heat-related illnesses such as heat stress, heat stroke and dehydrations, which can be-life threatening (CDPH 2020). Children are still physiologically developing which means that they are less able to regulate their bodies during extreme heat events (Kenney et al. 2014).
Drought
People experiencing houselessness are at risk to drought conditions and associated cascading impacts. During prolonged drought conditions, people experiencing houselessness may have difficulty accessing clean and affordable drinking water (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
During periods of prolonged drought, under-resourced individuals are more likely to experience the cost burden associated with increased water rates (Feinstein et al. 2017). These individuals may struggle to access clean and affordable drinking water which may cause dehydration and/or exacerbate underlying health conditions and illnesses (Gamble and Balbuls 2016). Droughts often trigger cascading economic impacts through the agricultural sector, decreasing job availability and leaving under-resourced individuals particularly vulnerable to financial hardships (Howitt et al. 2015).Communities of color are at risk to drought conditions and associated cascading impacts and may face systemic and/or cultural barriers when seeking to access affordable and clean drinking water, which may cause dehydration and/or exacerbate underlying health conditions and illnesses (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Individuals with chronic health conditions or health related sensitivities are at risk to drought conditions and associated cascading impacts. Prolonged drought conditions can lead to water scarcity and individuals may need to rely on poor quality water supplies. Children and older adults are especially at risk to dehydration as their bodies are not able to regulate as well (Kenney et al. 2014). Dehydration may exacerbate underlying health conditions and illnesses.
Wildfire
People experiencing houselessness are particularly at-risk during wildfire events as they often suffer from respiratory conditions, mental illness, and chronic health conditions that may be exacerbated from physical contact with wildfire or smoke inhalation. People experiencing houseless have limited access to shelter and do not have access to transportation to evacuate from burning areas. They may also have their personal belongings destroyed or damaged during a wildfire event (CDPH 2017). After wildfires, there are additional issues of displacement and needs for temporary shelters for uprooted communities.
Under-resourced individuals may experience injuries or death from smoke inhalation or burns and are less likely to receive medical treatment (CDPH 2017). These individuals may have their belongings and homes damaged by a wildfire. If this occurs, under- resourced individuals are likely to suffer from the cost burden associated with losses or damage. Households without a computer may not receive communications and evacuations to safely evacuate from hazard areas. Renters have limited control over home hardening and improvements that may protect against fire and smoke. Subsequently, they may experience economic and health impacts and a greater loss of belongings than homeowners (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Communities of color are more likely to live in wildfire hazard zones and in housing with insufficient protection against wildfire.
City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
30 Individuals in these groups have may face systematic and/or cultural barriers to access resources to safely evacuate hazard areas (Gamble and Balbuls 2016). Individuals in these groups may experience injuries or death from smoke inhalation or burns (CDPH 2017).
Individuals with chronic health conditions or health related sensitivities may experience injuries or death from smoke inhalation or burns (CDPH 2017). Older adults and Military Veterans are vulnerable to health impacts from wildfire smoke and pollutants because they are more likely to have underlying respiratory and/or cardiovascular conditions and illnesses. Children may experience respiratory health impacts from wildfire smoke because their respiratory systems are not fully developed and are sensitive to stressors. Individuals with disabilities, children, and older adults may have difficulty evacuating from wildfires, increasing the risk of health impacts from wildfire smoke inhalation or fire burns (EPA 2022).
Landslides
Vulnerable populations living in areas with high landslide risk may be subjected to disproportionate negative impacts during landslide and debris flow events. People experiencing houselessness have limited access to shelter and do not have access to transportation to evacuate in the event of a landslide. They may also have their personal belongings destroyed or damaged during a wildfire event (CDPH 2017).
Under-resourced individuals may experience injuries during a landslide event and are less likely to receive medical treatment (CDPH 2017). These individuals may have their belongings and homes damaged by a landslide. If this occurs, under-resourced individuals are likely to suffer from the cost burden associated with losses or damage. Households without a computer may not receive communications and evacuations to safely evacuate from hazard areas. Renters have limited control over home hardening and improvements that may protect against debris-flow related damage. Subsequently, they may experience economic and health impacts and a greater loss of belongings than homeowners (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Communities of color are more likely to be situated in wildfire scar zones or landslide prone areas (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Landslides may limit access to transportation systems, healthcare centers, and emergency response to those that are injured or in need or consistent medical care, such as those with chronic health conditions or illnesses. Children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities may not be able to safely evacuate landslide hazard areas.
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding
People experiencing houselessness are disproportionately at risk to health impacts during flood events because they often live in flood hazard areas and do not have access to transportation to evacuate inundated areas. They may also have their personal belongings destroyed or damaged during a flood event (Ramin and Svoboda 2009).
Under-resourced individuals may experience injuries or death from high velocity flooding and are less likely to receive medical treatment (CDPH 2017). Individuals in these groups may experience cost burdens if their belongings and homes are damaged from floodwater inundation. Households without a computer may not receive communications and emergency alerts to safely evacuate from hazard areas (CDPH 2020). Renters have limited control over home improvements that may protect against flood damage.
Subsequently, they may experience economic and health impacts Vulnerability Analysis
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 31
and a greater loss of belongings than homeowners (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Communities of color are more likely to live in flood hazard areas and in housing with insufficient protection against riverine and stormwater flooding. They may face systematic and/or cultural barriers when seeking access to the resources needed to safely evacuate hazard areas (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Older people and children are particularly at risk to injury and/or death from high velocity flooding (CDPH 2017). Riverine and stormwater flooding may also limit access to transportation systems, healthcare centers, and emergency response to those that are injured or in need or consistent medical care, such as those with chronic health conditions or illnesses. Children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities may not be able to safely evacuate floodwater hazard areas.
Air Quality
People experiencing houselessness are disproportionally vulnerable to poor air quality because they are outdoors and are directly exposed to air pollutants (CDPH 2017). They may experience exacerbation or development of respiratory diseases and conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory infections, which in some cases may be life- threatening (Ramin and Svoboda 2009).
Under-resourced individuals may be disproportionally impacted by poor air quality because their housing may lack sufficient air filtration and they may not be able to afford supplemental air filtration equipment (Gamble and Balbuls 2016). Individuals in these groups may experience the development or exacerbation of respiratory illnesses and are less likely to receive medical treatment (CDPH 2017).
Communities of color are vulnerable to health impacts associated with poor air quality because their housing may lack sufficient air filtration and they may not be able to afford supplemental air filtration equipment (Gamble and Balbuls 2016).
Children are extremely vulnerable to health impacts from poor air quality because their respiratory system has not fully developed yet (CDPH 2017). Older adults and Military Veterans are vulnerable to health impacts from poor air quality because they are more likely to have underlying respiratory and/or cardiovascular conditions.
Adaptive Capacity for Vulnerable Populations
Camarillo has plans, policies and programs in place that protect vulnerable populations across all climate hazards. The level of enforceability, implementation, and efficacy varies based on the hazard type.
Camarillo has many plans and policies in place to address extreme heat and its impacts on vulnerable populations. The city has a cooling center at the Camarillo Public Library, which operates in response to extreme heat events. Other extreme heat related plans include the Ventura County Contingency Plan for Heat/Cold Weather Events includes public safety power shut offs in the case of extreme heat conditions that may exacerbate wildfire potential.
These shutoffs may negatively impact vulnerable populations such as older adults and children, who may rely on at-home cooling systems to avoid heat-related health issues. The program does include various support services to customers with qualifying needs to receive backup power systems, rebates and incentives, transportation, and access to essential services.
The Southern California Edison Medical Baseline Allowance Program provides additional electricity at discounted rates to customers with a qualifying medical need, and often allows heat sensitive City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
32 individuals to continue operating their space-cooling equipment at home.
Plans concerning stormwater flooding and drought mainly address infrastructure resilience and water reliability and drainage, in turn helping vulnerable populations. The City provides most of the water to residents, and the City of Camarillo Urban Water Management Plan includes a discussion of climate change impacts to the water system as well as strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The Calleguas Municipal Water District Urban Water Management Plan also includes plans for supply reliability during drought conditions.
Additionally, the City operates the North Pleasant Valley Desalter Facility (Facility) which transforms unusable, brackish groundwater into a local source of high-quality and affordable drinking water while also removing damaging salts from the regional watershed.
This Facility increases the City’s resilience to drought by diversifying the water supply and doubling the City’s local potable water supply.
In addition, this Facility provides enhanced affordability and water rate stability for customers through this drought-resistant local water source. Plans and projects like these can serve as a form of drought and flooding resilience. The Ventura County Multi- Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan assigns a medium capacity to the City residents’ ability to adapt to climate impacts. The plan acknowledges that vulnerable populations within the City may not be able to relocate or protect their home in the case of a flood but provides no guidance on how to address vulnerable populations in the case of flooding events (Ventura County 2022).
There are many programs, plans, and policies in place to mitigate wildfire impacts in Camarillo:
▪ Ventura County Fire Hazard Reduction Program (FHRP)
▪ Ventura County Fire Department’s Fire Prevention Bureau ▪ Southern California Edison’s (SCE) Wildfire Mitigation Plan ▪ Ventura County Wildfire Action Plan
▪ SCE Public Safety Power Shutoff
Vulnerability Score for Vulnerable Populations
Climate Hazard Impact Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Extreme Heat and Warm Nights High Medium 4- High
Drought High High 3- Medium
Wildfire High Medium 4- High
Landslides Medium Low 4- High
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding Medium Medium 3- Medium Air Quality High Low 5- Very High
Vulnerable populations in Camarillo are most vulnerable to extreme heat/warm nights, drought, wildfire, landslides, and air quality.
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Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 33
5.2 Natural and Managed Resources
Primary vulnerabilities for natural and managed resources are associated with climate hazard-caused stress and
physical damage to resource types within this asset
group. Compounding climate hazards stress natural ecosystems beyond their capacity to absorb individual climate hazards. Wildlife will seek out more conducive habitats during climate events such as extreme heat or drought, which can tend to be where people recreate (USDA 2018). Recreational areas are also placed under increased risk via climate projections creating additional stress and competing needs for safe habitats. Impacts related to habitat shifts are exacerbated compared to larger areas as densely populated and limited lands presents issues with re-seeding or re-habitation.
Natural and managed resources are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change in Camarillo.
Potential Impacts
Extreme Heat and Warm Nights
The impacts to natural and managed resources in Camarillo during extreme heat and warm nights are similar to the impacts experienced by vulnerable populations. Wildlife under these conditions face heat stress and heat related illness as well as disrupted reproductive cycles, and compounding risks associated with early and extended seasonal temperature increases (Backlund 2008). Because it is seasonally warmer earlier in the year species can emerge early with no food source and potentially face an untimely cold front, which increases mortality rates. Timing of seasonal warmth may not overlap with food sources and extreme heat may stress dependent vegetation communities and wildlife (Dale 1997, Hamerlynck 1995, Maclean et al. 2011). Plants are more likely to experience heat stress and drying, habitat ranges may shift, and native species may be outcompeted by invasive species capable of surviving the harsh conditions. Some pests can proliferate more easily with warmer temperatures (Hamerlynck 1995), and some plants and animals ill-suited to the new warmer conditions may suffer increased mortality rates (Hall et al. 2018). Natural resources are highly exposed to extreme heat and warm nights. Both mid- and end- of century projections depict dramatic increases in extreme heat days (CEC 2024).
Higher temperatures will decrease the snowpack and raise the snowline, decreasing one of the most important surface water reserves for agriculture (Hall et al. 2018). Extreme heat and warm nights can result in declines in crop yields because of heat stress and anomalous warmth during periods that are typically cooler (Parker et al. 2020). Lower crop yields can increase costs and ultimately decrease agriculture profitability.
Drought
Impacts from drought involve risks associated with water scarcity and availability for reliant natural resources. Drought will disrupt habitats and will decrease the resiliency of wildlife. Extended or variable drought conditions effect the amount and duration of water available in ephemeral and permanent sources, which impacts plants and wildlife dependent on those aquatic resources (Burkett and Kusler 2000).
Like extreme heat and warm nights, drought is linked to declines in crop yields, increasing costs, and decreasing crop profitability.
Drought can result in regional losses of crops and can stress the
City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
34 statewide water supply. Many crops grown in Camarillo, such as avocados, lemons, grapefruits are dependent on high depths of water and subsequently higher water intensity needs.
Wildfire
The largest direct impacts to natural resources are caused by wildfires. The severity and frequency of wildfires can lead to long term habitat conversions, or vegetative communities that no longer support reliant species, and the landscape provides minimal alternative habitats (Bell et al. 1999, Coop et al. 2020). As discussed within the Exposure to Climate Hazards section, extreme wildfire risk days in Camarillo are projected to increase through the end of the century (CEC 2024).
Figure 3 depicts the delineation of Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) which both border and fully encompassing areas with natural resources including some of the city’s prime agricultural land. Given the projected expansion of wildfire prone areas, larger areas of croplands may be within fire hazard severity zones in the future due to climate change. Wildfires can destroy crops and disrupt rangeland operations while wildfire smoke may stress the health of crops and livestock.
Landslides
Landslide susceptibility is limited and the likelihood of landslides occurring is determined by precipitation and wildfire occurring sequentially (Hall et al. 2018). In the event of a landslide there is potential for loss of lands, habitat, and disruption of waterbodies in areas of debris flow. Wildlife and plants face a compounding risk when presented with landslide events. Figure 4 shows landslide susceptibility in Camarillo, with the highest risk areas being situated in the northern portion of the city. Specifically, landslide risk is significant in the region north of Ventura Boulevard and west of Las Posas Road, as well as in the region east of North Lewis Road and north of Mission Oaks Boulevard. Some of the areas with high landslide susceptibility overlap with prime agricultural land or other natural resources in the city.
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding
The major impacts of flooding on natural and managed resources are the damage and destruction that occurs because of related erosion, as well as the degradation of water quality, which impacts survival rates of aquatic species and fish (Talbot et al. 2018). One way that stormwater flooding reduces water quality is by causing algae blooms which lead to plant and wildlife health issues within wetlands and waterbodies (EPA 2022). Other impacts include damage from inundation in storm flooded areas including natural habitats and public and private land surrounding waterbodies in the city. Riverine and stormwater flooding will mostly affect sensitive species of plants and wildlife that are based in low-lying areas of the city, specifically those adjacent to the creeks in the area.
Agricultural operations situated within the FEMA flood zones in Camarillo susceptible to the impacts riverine and stormwater flooding. These operations have the potential to be disrupted during flood events, and inundation is likely to result in crop yield reductions. Agricultural worker’s residences could also be damaged by floodwater inundation (VCAC 2020).
Air Quality
The direct effects of poor air quality on natural resources relates to plant and wildlife health as increased air pollutants are correlated with increased stress and mortality rates. Impacts from air quality can further impact natural resources since air quality declines correspond with other hazards (such as wildfire and extreme heat events), which compounds risks.
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Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 35
The direct impacts of air quality on crop yield within Camarillo of concern is that smoke damage may render crops unsaleable, or poor air quality may impact harvest ability.
Adaptive Capacity for Natural and Managed
Resources
There are no relevant plans programs or policies directly increasing the adaptive capacity of Camarillo natural and managed resources to the climate hazard of extreme heat.
Related to wildfire, there are existing programs and plans outlined in the Ventura County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. The plan identifies natural and managed resources that are susceptible to wildfire and plans for vegetation management as a mitigation effort. Implementation of planning efforts, such as emergency notification and alert systems, exists within the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, the 2022 Ventura County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, and the City of Camarillo Emergency Operations Plan to provide awareness of natural and managed resources impacts around climate hazards.
Indirect planning exists around adaption for natural resources around flooding and drought including the Ventura County Integrated Regional Water Management Plan: Integrated Flood Management Planning Report, Calleguas Municipal Water District (CMWD) Urban Water Management Plan, and the City of Camarillo Urban Water Management Plan.
Vulnerability Score for Natural Resources
Climate Hazard Impact Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Extreme Heat/Warm Nights High Low 4- High
Drought High Low 4- High
Wildfire High Medium 4- High
Landslides High Low 4- High
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding High Medium 4- High
Air Quality Medium Medium 3- Medium
Natural and managed resources in Camarillo are most vulnerable to extreme heat/warm nights, drought, wildfire, and landslides.
City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
36 5.3 Buildings and Facilities
Vulnerabilities within this asset category primarily
concern physical exposure and damages related to
climate hazards. Impacts associated with operations of
critical services are discussed under Critical Infrastructure and Services (section 5.4).
Potential Impacts
Extreme Heat and Warm Nights
Extreme heat could impact occupants of buildings and facilities that are not adequately weatherized for increased temperatures.
Drought
Drought will have minimal impact on the physical structures of buildings and facilities across Camarillo.
Wildfire
The structures and buildings that occupy wildfire hazard zones are at risk of structural damage from wildfires. Wildfire hazard zones may expand by end of century which could lead to more facilities at risk of structural damage. There are many several critical facilities in Camarillo’s wildfire hazard zones shown in Figure 3.
Landslides
Landslide susceptibility in Camarillo overlaps with sloped wildfire hazard zones, in the Camarillo and Las Posas hills (CDOC 2021).
Impacts to buildings and facilities as outlined in the Multi- Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan encompass some residential neighborhoods as well as some commercial developments.
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding
There is some risk of riverine and stormwater flooding to the physical structures outlined under this asset category. The location of floodplains in Figure 5 show a risk of impact based on the 100- and 500-year flood plains, primarily to residences along East Ponderosa Drive, Santa Rosa Road, and along the Calleguas Creek Bed. Commercial buildings below Ventura Boulevard, such as the Camarillo Premium Outlets, are within the 500-year floodplain and are subject to flooding damage.
Air Quality
The impact of reduced air quality will have a similar effect as extreme heat for buildings and facilities. The ability to filter air will greatly affect the reliant subsystems, services, and populations reliant on the buildings and facilities. The direct impact on structures is low.
Adaptive Capacity for Buildings and Facilities
Camarillo has completed some existing adaptive capacity efforts to increase the weatherization of buildings and facilities throughout the city. The Ventura County Fire Hazard Reduction Program is managed by the Ventura County Fire Department to comply with AB 38 which requires real estate sales of property within a High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone to involve an inspection by local fire authorities to demonstrate compliance with state and local laws regarding defensible space and vegetation management. The Ventura County Fire Department’s Ordinance is designed to minimize fire danger by controlling the density and placement of
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Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 37
flammable vegetation. The goal is to maintain trees and vegetation that benefit a property, and to remove hazardous vegetation that provides a combustible fuel supply for wildfire. The 2013 Camarillo General Plan Safety Element and the Ventura County Emergency Operations Plan mention structural resilience and contain planned responses to emergencies that include reducing property loss.
Vulnerability Score for Buildings and Facilities
Climate Hazard Impact Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Extreme Heat/Warm Nights Medium Low 4-High
Drought Low Low 3-Medium
Wildfire High Medium 4-High
Landslides Medium Medium 3-Medium
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding Medium Medium 3-Medium Air Quality Medium Low 4-High
Buildings and facilities in Camarillo are most vulnerable to extreme heat/warm nights, wildfire, and air quality.
City of Camarillo
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38 5.4 Critical Infrastructure and Services
Overall vulnerabilities associated with this asset category involve structural preparedness and service reliability in the face of climate change. This section is mainly
concerned with the cascading impacts physical damages to buildings and facilities can have on services and infrastructure.
Potential Impacts
Extreme Heat and Warm Nights
As temperatures increase, roadways, active transportation routes, and railroads are vulnerable to heat-related damages such as buckled highways, railroad tracks and premature deterioration of infrastructure (Hall et al. 2018). Additional impacts from extreme heat are associated with increased emergency service calls which could strain medical services. Electrical infrastructure could be overwhelmed by demand and result in blackouts or energy providers could conduct power safety shutoffs to avoid impacts to electrical facilities. Power outages have significant impacts on communication networks, water conveyance, and vulnerable populations. The ability for emergency services to fully function is a cascading impact of power outages which can place additional strain on services during extreme heat events.
Drought
Drought can impact water reliability and water infrastructure. All emergency services depend on water, particularly firefighters who require adequate water supply for fire suppression. Water providers within the county will encounter increased difficulty as drought impacts general service reliability. Drought impacts can create service strain for emergency and medical services. Cracked pavements from drought, compounded with extreme heat, affects roadways and transportation routes.
Wildfire
There are some critical facilities located in the Very High Fire Hazards Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) as shown in Figure 3 such as those along Santa Rosa Road, or in the northern portion of the city, along East Las Posas Road and Upland Road. Additionally, the Camarillo Airport is situated near moderate to high fire hazard zones, placing the airport and the neighboring critical facilities at risk of wildfire damage. These facilities and services are at risk of structural damage from wildfire. Infrastructure and dependent populations experience additional cascading impacts around power outages from downed utility lines, power safety shut offs and grid overload.
All forms of power outages can affect how critical services are able to perform their needed functions during a hazard.
Utility lines have the potential to be damaged in high-risk locations, resulting in oil and gas leaks and power outages. Certain high wind conditions can often trigger wildfires, especially when power lines are downed or damaged (Hall et al. 2018). Power safety shut offs in response to wildfire risk can affect service reliability of power.
Increased frequency of wildfires can place strain on fire and emergency services. Evacuation routes could be disrupted during a wildfire event limiting emergency responders and ability for people to evacuate as well.
Landslides
Risk of landslides in Camarillo is significant in the region north of Ventura Boulevard and west of Las Posas Road, as well as in the
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Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 39
region east of North Lewis Road and north of Mission Oaks Boulevard. This leaves critical facilities and services, such as those along Las Posas Road and Santa Rosa Road vulnerable, including the police station, a fire station, and several medical facilities.
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding
Impervious surfaces can impede the absorption of water and augment stormwater flooding in areas of Camarillo. There is risk of damage from increased extreme precipitation events including erosion, washouts, and sinkholes. Storm drainage and flood protection services for the city may be impacted by these events.
Water supply for fire suppression as well as wildfire-caused declines in water quality are additional cascading impacts. Critical facilities, located below Ventura Boulevard, near the Camarillo airport are located within the 500-year floodplain. This includes two fire stations, a police station, a medical facility, and a government building. The airport and the related critical services will also be vulnerable during flood events. Additionally, there are several critical facilities in flood zones along Santa Rosa Road, East Las Posas Road, and East Ponderosa Drive that are vulnerable to flood and storm related damages.
Air Quality
Higher incidence of unsafe air quality generated by increased smog, dust and wildfire smoke can create general strain on existing critical infrastructure and services through increased rates of
hospitalization and emergency and medical services (CDPH 2020).
Adaptive Capacity for Critical Services and
Infrastructure
The relevant existing plans, policies, and programs for Camarillo are mainly multi-hazard based. All multi-hazard plans, programs and systems are designed to address service and infrastructure failings and contingencies. The City of Camarillo Urban Water Management Plan includes a discussion of the impacts of climate change on the water system, with minimal strategies for adaptation and mitigation. Additionally, there is discussion in the City of potential uses for Desalination facilities in the future, but there are currently none operating or under construction. However, as mentioned under Adaptive Capacity for Vulnerable Populations, the City operates the North Pleasant Valley Desalter Facility which transforms unusable, brackish groundwater into a local source of high-quality and affordable drinking water, while also removing damaging salts from the regional watershed. This Facility increases the City’s resilience to drought by diversifying the water supply and doubling the City’s local potable water supply. In addition, this Facility provides enhanced affordability and water rate stability for customers through this drought-resistant local water source. Plans and policies that are relevant to critical infrastructure and services are found below:
▪ Ventura County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan ▪ Ventura County Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)
▪ Ventura County Emergency Response Team
▪ Camarillo Emergency Operations Center
▪ Ventura County Alert Program
▪ Camarillo General Plan Safety Element
Cascading risks of services not being provided, and power dependencies are addressed in relation to wildfire and other climate related hazards throughout these plans and programs.
City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
40 Vulnerability Score for Critical Infrastructure and Services Climate Hazard Impact Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Extreme Heat High Medium 4-High
Drought High High 3- Medium
Wildfire High Medium 4- High
Landslides High Low 5- Very High
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding High Medium 4-High
Air Quality Medium Low 4-High
Critical infrastructure and services in Camarillo are most vulnerable to extreme heat/warm nights, drought, wildfire, landslides, riverine and stormwater flooding, and air quality.
Conclusion
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 41
6 Conclusion
This report evaluates how climate change may impact vulnerable community members, natural resources, critical facilities, buildings, services, and infrastructure in Camarillo. The report provides a list of vulnerable population groups and assets for which adaptation policies and programs should be developed and implemented to increase community resilience. Vulnerability is based on the combination of potential impacts and adaptive capacity, as identified in the Vulnerability Analysis section of the report.
A list of asset categories and related vulnerability scores is provided on the next page. Highly vulnerable assets are discussed below:
▪ All sensitive population groups identified are highly vulnerable to many climate hazards including extreme heat and warm nights, wildfire, landslides, and air quality.
▪ Natural and managed resources are highly vulnerable to extreme heat and warm nights, drought, wildfire, and landslides. ▪ Buildings and facilities in Camarillo are highly vulnerable to extreme heat and warm nights, wildfire, and air quality. ▪ Critical infrastructure and services are highly vulnerable to all climate hazards, including extreme heat/warm nights, wildfire, landslides, riverine and stormwater flooding, and air quality.
This report establishes a foundation for identifying adaptation policies and programs that can increase resilience in Camarillo. The City of Camarillo Safety Element Update will include policies and programs to increase the resilience of the population groups and asset categories with the highest vulnerability to climate change.
City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
42 Vulnerability Score for Population Groups and Assets Climate Hazard Impact Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Vulnerable Populations
Extreme Heat/Warm Nights High Medium 4- High
Drought High High 3- Medium
Wildfire High Medium 4- High
Landslides Medium Low 4- High
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding Medium Medium 3- Medium Air Quality High Low 5- Very High
Natural and Managed Resources
Extreme Heat/Warm Nights High Low 4- High
Drought High Low 4- High
Wildfire High Medium 4- High
Landslides High Low 4- High
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding High Medium 3- Medium
Air Quality Medium Medium 3- Medium
Buildings and Facilities
Extreme Heat/Warm Nights Medium Low 4-High
Drought Low Low 3-Medium
Wildfire High Medium 4-High
Landslides Medium Medium 3-Medium
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding Medium Medium 3-Medium Air Quality Medium Low 4-High
Conclusion
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 43
This assessment is a starting point for identifying adaptation policies and programs that can increase resilience in the city of Camarillo. The City of Camarillo Safety Element Update will include policies and programs that provide resilience benefits to the population groups and asset categories in Camarillo with the highest vulnerability.
Climate Hazard Impact Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Critical Infrastructure and Services
Extreme Heat/Warm Nights High Medium 4- High
Drought High High 3- Medium
Wildfire High Medium 4- High
Landslides High Low 5- Very High
Riverine and Stormwater Flooding High Medium 4- High
Air Quality Medium Low 4- High
City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
44 7 References
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Vulnerability-Indicators.aspx
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Dale, Virginia H. First published: 01 August 1997.Photosynthetic and stomatal responses to high temperature and light in two oaks at the western limit of their range
Feinstein Laura, Phurisamban Rapichan, Ford Amanda, Christine Tyler, and Crawford Ayana. 2017. Drought and Equity in
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Hall, Alex Neil Berg, Katharine Reich. (University of California, Los Angeles). 2018. Los Angeles Summary Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number:
SUM-CCCA4-2018-007.
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Drought for California Agriculture.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, a special report of Working Groups I and II of the IPCC, ed. C. B.
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Maclean, M.D. and R.J. Wilson. 2011. Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk.
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preparedness-and-mitigation/wildfire-preparedness/fire- hazard-severity-zones/
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City of Camarillo
Safety Element Update
46 Parker, Lauren E, McElrone, Andrew J, Ostoja, Steven M, Forrestel, Elisabeth J (Parker et al.). 2020. Extreme heat effects on perennial crops and strategies for sustaining future
production, Plant Science, Volume 295, 10397, ISSN 0168- 9452,
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Seneviratne, S.I., Et.al. 2012. “Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment,” In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance
Climate Change Adaptation A Special Report of Working
Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 109-230. 2012
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Chap3_FINAL-1.pdf
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Southern California Edison (SCE). 2022a. Medical Baseline Program. https://www.sce.com/residential/assistance/medical-
baseline
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Talbot, C.J., Bennett, E.M., Cassell, K. et al. The impact of flooding on aquatic ecosystem services. Biogeochemistry 141, 439– 461 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0449-7
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10.7930/NCA4.2018.
Ventura County. 2020. Contingency Plan for Heat/Cold Weather Events.
_____. 2019. Watersheds Coalition of Ventura County Integrated Regional Water Management Plan.
_____. 2022. Homeless Count and Subpopulation Survey. Ventura County Executive Office and Countywide Continuum of Care Alliance. https://s33020.pcdn.co/wp-
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Report-FINAL.pdf
_____. 2021. Emergency Operations Plan. Ventura County
Operational Area.
_____. 2021. Ventura County Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program.https://www.cityofcamarillo.org/departments/poli ce/cert_registration.php
References
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 47
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_____. 2022. Ventura County Fire Hazard Reduction Program (FHRP).
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https://www.dropbox.com/s/qtrrmt0maqanmrf/CWPP%20
VLT.docx.pdf?dl=0
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Appendix C
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report
prepared by
City of Camarillo
601 Carmen Drive
Camarillo, California 93010
Contact: Jaclyn Lee, AICP, Planning Manager
prepared with the assistance of
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
180 N Ashwood Avenue
Ventura, California 93003
January 2024
Table of Contents
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report i Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Legislative Context .............................................................................................................. 4
2.1.1 Legislative Targets .............................................................................................. 4
2.1.2 Legislative Reduction Programs .......................................................................... 5
2.2 GHG Emissions Inventory Purpose ...................................................................................... 8 3 2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview ................................................................................... 9
3.1 GHG Inventory Methodology .............................................................................................. 9
3.2 2019 Community GHG Inventory ......................................................................................10
3.2.1 2019 Community GHG Inventory Results .........................................................22 4 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Overview ....................................................................................25
4.1 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Results ............................................................................26 5 GHG Forecast ................................................................................................................................33
5.1 Business-as-usual Forecast ...............................................................................................33
5.2 Adjusted Forecast .............................................................................................................35
5.2.1 Legislative GHG Emission Reduction Contribution ...........................................37
5.2.2 Adjusted Forecast Results .................................................................................38 6 Provisional GHG Reduction Targets ..............................................................................................39
6.1 1990 Back-cast ..................................................................................................................39 7 Provisional Climate Action Targets ...............................................................................................41
7.1 GHG Emissions Reduction Target Setting .........................................................................41
7.2 Meeting the Targets ..........................................................................................................43 8 References ....................................................................................................................................44 Tables
Table 1 2019 GHG Community Inventory GHGs and GWPs ..........................................................10 Table 2 2019 Residential and Nonresidential Electricity Activity Data and Emissions Factors .....11 Table 3 2019 Residential and Nonresidential Electricity GHG Emissions Calculations .................12 Table 4 Electricity T&D Loss GHG Emissions Calculations .............................................................12 Table 5 Residential and Nonresidential Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations .......................13 Table 6 Natural Gas Methane Leaks GHG Emissions Calculations ................................................14 Table 7 2019 Community On-road VMT Calculations ...................................................................16 Table 8 2019 Community On-road GHG Emissions Calculations ...................................................16 Table 9 2019 Community Off-road Equipment Sector Attributions ..............................................18 Table 10 2019 Community Off-road GHG Emissions Calculations ..................................................18 Table 11 2019 Community Waste GHG Emissions Calculations ......................................................19 City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
ii
Table 12 Camarillo Water Consumption Per Capita ........................................................................20 Table 13 Other Water District/Company Activity Data ...................................................................20 Table 14 Community Water GHG Emissions Calculations ...............................................................21 Table 15 2019 Wastewater GHG Emissions .....................................................................................21 Table 16 2019 Community GHG Emissions Inventory .....................................................................24 Table 17 2019 Municipal GHG Emission Inventory Results (MT CO2e) ...........................................26 Table 18 Vehicle Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations..............................................................27 Table 19 Transit Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations ...............................................................27 Table 20 2019 Wastewater GHG Emissions .....................................................................................28 Table 21 Buildings and Other Facilities Sector Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations ...............29 Table 22 Buildings and Other Facilities Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations ....................29 Table 23 Streetlights and Traffic Signals Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations ..................30 Table 24 Solid Waste GHG Emission Calculations ...........................................................................30 Table 25 Water Consumption GHG Emissions Calculations ............................................................31 Table 26 Employee Commute GHG Emissions................................................................................31 Table 27 2021 Business Travel GHG Emissions Calculations ...........................................................32 Table 28 GHG Emission Sources and Growth Factors for BAU Scenario Forecast ..........................34 Table 29 BAU Forecast Demographic and Projection Metrics by Forecast Year .............................35 Table 30 BAU Forecast Results Summary by Emission Sector (MT CO2e) .......................................35 Table 31 Camarillo Forecasted RPS and Electricity Emission Factors ..............................................37 Table 32 Summary of Legislative GHG Emissions Reductions (MT CO2e) .......................................38 Table 33 Adjusted Forecast Results (MT CO2e) ...............................................................................38 Table 34 1990 Back-cast ..................................................................................................................40 Table 35 GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Gap Analysis .........................................................42 Figures
Figure 1 Updated Inventory GHG Emissions by Sector ...................................................................23 Figure 2 GHG Emissions Forecast and Provisional Target Pathways (Mass Emissions) ..................43 Introduction
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 3 1 Introduction
This document presents the data, methods, and results for the 2019 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventories and forecast for the City of Camarillo (the City). Included is an analysis of findings and trends in the City’s GHG emissions developed to support the City’s GHG emissions reduction targets and ultimately the City’s Climate Action Plan (CAP) and Sustainability Master Plan (SMP).
California (the State) has set statewide GHG emissions reduction goals to mitigate negative climate change impacts and transition the State to a low-carbon economy. In particular, the State has established goals to reduce statewide GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, as established by Senate Bill (SB) 32 and achieve net zero GHG emissions as soon as possible, but no later than 2045, as established by Assembly Bill (AB) 1279.1The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is the agency responsible for addressing these goals and developing strategies to achieve them. Many local jurisdictions are completing their own GHG inventories, forecasts, and CAPs to align with SB 32 and AB 1279.
Local governments play a fundamental role in reducing local GHG emissions and preparing for a more resilient future. Local government policies can influence high-emissions behavior and mitigate climate change effects.2 To this end, the City is developing a CAP and SMP to align with SB 32, and AB 1279 goals, increase resilience and climate change preparedness, maintain healthy air and water resources, and improve community health and the local economy. The forthcoming CAP will include the 2019 GHG inventory for the community (2019 Community GHG Inventory) and the associated GHG emissions forecast, in addition to the municipal operations inventory (2019 Municipal GHG Inventory). The SMP will also include the 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory. Municipal GHG emissions are a subset of community GHG emissions and are therefore included in the community GHG inventory and associated forecast.
The 2019 Community GHG Inventory completed for the City includes GHG emissions from activities within the City’s jurisdictional boundaries during 2019. Based on the inventory, Rincon developed a back-cast of the City’s GHG emissions to 1990 as well as a forecast to 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045.
The forecast provides an up-to-date projection of how GHG emissions are expected to change for the City in the future based on changes in population and employment, as well as existing State legislation aimed at reducing GHG emissions through 2045. This document also presents provisional GHG targets and a gap analysis, developed to help identify GHG emissions reduction activities that will be needed to achieve the provisional GHG emissions reduction targets. Like all GHG inventories, forecasts, and targets, the analysis in this document relies on the best available data and calculation methodologies currently available.
1 AB 1279 defines net zero GHG emissions as reducing GHG emissions at least 85 percent below 1990 levels. California also set a goal to reach 1990 levels by 2020, as established by AB 32, The 2020 goal set by AB 32 was achieved by the State in 2016. CARB. Frequently Asked Questions – California’s 2022 Climate Scoping Plan. Accessed November 14, 2022 at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022- 06/2022_Scoping_Plan_FAQ_6.21.22.pdf
2 CARB. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
4 2 Background
2.1 Legislative Context
The State of California has developed statewide legislative goals and programs to reduce GHG emissions. CARB, has issued guidance concerning the establishment of GHG emissions reduction targets for local CAPs so local communities can contribute their fair share towards the States achievement of the GHG emissions reductions goals. In the first Climate Change Scoping Plan (hereafter referred to as the 2008 Scoping Plan), CARB encouraged local governments to adopt a reduction target for their own community emissions that parallels the State commitment to reduce GHG emissions.3 In 2017, CARB published the 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan (hereafter referred to as the 2017 Scoping Plan Update) outlining the strategies the State will employ to reach the additional State targets set by SB 32.4
On November 16th, 2022, the finalized 2022 California Climate Change Scoping Plan Update was published includes recommendations for complying with the goal of carbon neutrality by 2045 codified by AB 1279.5
2.1.1 Legislative Targets
The State of California has adopted legislation and policies to address climate change, the most relevant of which are summarized below.
▪ Executive Order S-3-05, signed in 2005, establishes statewide GHG emissions reduction goals to achieve long-term climate stabilization as follows: by 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels and by 2050, reduce GHG emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels. The 2050 goal was accelerated by the 2045 carbon neutral goal established by EO B-55-18 and AB 1279, as discussed below.
▪ Assembly Bill 32, known as the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, requires California’s GHG emissions be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020 (approximately a 15 percent reduction from 2005 to 2008 levels). The 2008 Scoping Plan identifies mandatory and voluntary measures to achieve the statewide 2020 GHG emissions limit.
▪ Senate Bill 32, signed in 2016, establishes a statewide mid-term GHG emissions reduction goal of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. CARB formally adopted the 2017 Scoping Plan Update in December 2017, laying the roadmap to achieve 2030 goals and giving guidance to achieve substantial progress toward the 2050 State goals. The 2022 Scoping Plan Update provides further guidance for reaching the State’s SB 32 goal.
▪ Executive Order B-55-18, signed in 2018, expanded upon EO S-3-05 by creating a statewide GHG emissions goal of carbon neutrality by 2045. EO S-55-18 identifies CARB as the lead agency to 3 CARB. Climate Change Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change. Dec. 2008. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic//cc/scopingplan/document/adopted_scoping_plan.pdf 4 CARB. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf 5 CARB. 2022 Scoping Plan Update. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ab-32-climate-change-scoping-plan/2022-scoping-plan-documents Background
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 5 develop a framework for implementation and progress tracking toward this goal in the 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan Update.
▪ Assembly Bill 1279, known as the California Climate Crisis Act, signed by the governor in 2022, codifies the GHG emissions reduction goals of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045 and expands upon this goal to define carbon neutrality as reducing emissions 85 percent below 1990 levels.
The 2022 Scoping Plan Update (November 2022) provides the pathway for reaching the State’s AB 1279 goal.
2.1.2 Legislative Reduction Programs
Additional legislative programs are expected to reduce GHG emissions in specific sectors throughout California, as identified in the 2017 Scoping Plan Update. Many of these programs were incorporated into the forecast analysis and are summarized in the subsections below.
Transportation Legislation
Advanced Clean Cars Programs
Prior to 2012, mobile emissions regulations were implemented on a case-by-case basis for GHG and criteria pollutant emissions separately. In January 2012, CARB approved a new emissions-control program (the Advanced Clean Cars program) combining the control of smog, soot causing pollutants, and GHG emissions into a single coordinated package of requirements for passenger cars and light trucks model years 2017 through 2025. The Advanced Clean Cars program coordinates the goals of the Low Emissions Vehicles, Zero Emissions Vehicles, and Clean Fuels Outlet programs, and is more stringent than the federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. The new standards will reduce California’s GHG emissions by 34 percent in 2025 and are incorporated into the GHG forecast.6
Advanced Clean Cars II was approved by CARB in August 2022 and expands the program’s roadmap so that by 2035 all new cars and passenger trucks will be zero-emission vehicles (ZEV). This regulation effectively binds the State to EO N-79-20. The executive order was passed by the governor in 2020 and requires all new cars and passenger trucks sold in California be ZEV by 2035.
While these legislations will lead to an expedited timeline for ZEV adoption in California, modeling data is not yet available, and emissions reductions attributable to the Advanced Clean Cars II program were therefore, excluded from the GHG forecast.
Assembly Bill 1493
Signed into law in 2002, AB 1493 (Pavley Standards) required vehicle manufacturers to reduce GHG emissions from new passenger vehicles and light trucks from 2009 through 2016. Regulations were adopted by CARB in 2004 and took effect in 2009 when the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued a waiver confirming California’s right to implement the bill. CARB anticipates that the Pavley I standard will reduce GHG emissions from new California passenger vehicles by 6 CARB. Facts About the Advanced Clean Cars Program. December 2011. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/factsheets/advanced_clean_cars_eng.pdf City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
6 about 30 percent in 2016, while simultaneously improving fuel efficiency and reducing motorists’ costs.7
Innovative Clean Transit
Public transit GHG emissions will be reduced in the future through the Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation, which was adopted in December 2018. It requires all public transit agencies to gradually transition to a 100-percent zero-emission bus fleet by 2040. Under ICT, large transit agencies are expected to adopt Zero-Emission Bus Rollout Plans to establish a roadmap towards zero emission public transit buses.8
Energy Legislation
Title 24
Although it was not originally intended to reduce GHG emissions, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 6: California’s Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, was adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption, which in turn reduces fossil fuel consumption and associated GHG emissions. The standards are updated triennially to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy- efficient technologies and methods. Starting in 2020, new residential developments had to include on-site solar generation and near-zero net energy use. For projects implemented after January 1, 2020, the California Energy Commission (CEC) estimates that the 2019 standards will reduce electricity consumption by 53 percent for residential buildings and 30 percent for non-residential buildings, relative to the 2016 standards. The CEC further estimates residential natural gas efficiency increases of 7 percent for residential end uses.9 No efficiency increases were estimated for commercial natural gas end uses, based on lack of requirements in this sector in the 2019 standards.
These percentage savings relate to heating, cooling, lighting, and water heating only and do not include other appliances, outdoor lighting not attached to buildings, plug loads, or other energy uses. These reductions were incorporated into the forecast, as discussed in Section 5.2. The 2022 standards have been released but no guidance has been provided by the State on the energy reductions expected from these new standards. The 2022 standards were conservatively excluded from the GHG forecast.
The 2017 Scoping Plan Update calls for the continuation of ongoing triennial updates to Title 24 which will yield regular increases in the mandatory energy and water savings for new construction. 2019 Title 24 standards are incorporated into the forecast through 2045, however, future updates to Title 24 standards that may require energy efficiencies beyond current standards for residential and non-residential alterations are not taken into consideration in the GHG forecast analysis due to lack of data and certainty about the magnitude of energy savings realized with future updates.
7 CARB. Clean Car Standards – Pavley, Assembly Bill 1493. May 2013. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccms/ccms.htm
8 Innovative Clean Transit. Approved August 13, 2019. Accessed November 14, 2022 at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019- 10/ictfro-Clean-Final_0.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery 9 California Energy Commission. 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Frequently Asked Questions. January 1, 2020. Accessed November 8, 2022 at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-03/Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ_ada.pdf Background
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 7 Renewables Portfolio Standard, Senate Bill 100, & Senate Bill 1020 Established in 2002 under SB 1078, enhanced in 2015 by SB 350, and accelerated for the first time in 2018 under SB 100, California’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is one of the most ambitious renewable energy standards in the country. The RPS program requires investor-owned utilities, publicly owned utilities, electric service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 50 percent of total procurement by 2026 and 60 percent of total procurement by 2030. The RPS program further requires these entities to increase procurement from GHG-free sources to 100 percent of total procurement by 2045.
California’s RPS was further accelerated in 2022 by SB 1020 which established additional requirements that procurement from eligible renewable energy resources increase to 90 percent of total procurement by 2035 and 95 percent of total procurement by 2040. The requirements of SB 1020 do not affect those previously set forth and are to be considered additional to the existing RPS requirements. The RPS program and SB 1020 were incorporated into the GHG forecast by adjusting the electricity emissions factors for future years, as discussed in Section 4.4.
Waste Legislation
Assembly Bill 939 & Assembly Bill 341
In 2011, AB 341 set the target of 75 percent recycling, composting, or source reduction of solid waste by 2020 calling for the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (also known as CalRecycle) to take a statewide approach to decreasing California’s reliance on landfills.
This target was an update to the former target of 50 percent waste diversion set by AB 939.
As actions under AB 341 are not assigned to specific local jurisdictions, potential future reductions from the bill were conservatively not included in the GHG forecast analysis.
Assembly Bill 1826
In 2014, AB 1826 set regulations in places requiring California businesses to recycle all of their organic waste starting in April 2016. The bill also required jurisdictions across the State to provide organic waste recycling programs to accommodate diverted waste from local businesses. As the City has already implemented an organics collection program, implementation of AB 1826 compliance was not part of the GHG forecast analysis.
Senate Bill 1383
SB 1383 established a methane emission reduction target for short-lived climate pollutants in various sectors of the economy, including waste. Specifically, SB 1383 establishes targets to achieve a 50 percent reduction in the level of the statewide disposal of organic waste from the 2014 level by 2020 and a 75 percent reduction by 2025.10 Additionally, SB 1383 requires a 20 percent reduction in “current”11 edible food disposal by 2025. Although SB 1383 has been signed into law, compliance with this Senate Bill must occur at the jurisdiction-level rather than the state-level. As such, SB 1383 10 CalRecycle. California’s Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy. https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/ 11 SB 1383 does not specify a baseline year for the 20 percent food recovery target, however, CalRecycle’s 2018 statewide waste characterization studies will be used to help measure the baseline for the State to meet its SB 1383 goals. See CalRecycle FAQ accessed November 14, 2022 for more
information:https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/faq/foodrecovery/#:~:text=SB%201383%20requires%20the%20state,for%20individua l%20jurisdictions%20to%20achieve.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
8 is not included as part of the GHG forecast analysis and will be included in the GHG reduction measures in the CAP.
2.2 GHG Emissions Inventory Purpose
Conducting a GHG emissions inventory serves to provide a comprehensive understanding of a jurisdiction’s GHG emissions, and may be developed to serve the following purposes:
▪ Provide an understanding of where the highest sources of GHG emissions in the jurisdiction originate and where the greatest opportunities for emissions reduction exist. ▪ Enable the jurisdiction to understand the scale of GHG emissions from various sources and develop improved GHG emissions accounting and reporting principles. ▪ Create a GHG emissions baseline from which the jurisdiction can establish a forecast, reduction targets, and evaluate future progress.
▪ Help jurisdictions understand how best to meet GHG reduction legislative requirements.
GHG inventories are developed by identifying the sources and sinks (sectors) for GHGs within the geographic or system boundary of interest (e.g., the City of Camarillo), establishing activity data for each sector, and applying an emissions factor to determine the carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e).
On the level of cities or counties, there are often many potential sectors contributing to the jurisdiction’s GHG emissions. However only a select few sectors are typically considered the major contributors to the jurisdiction’s GHG inventory are considered. The GHG emissions sectors used for the City’s GHG inventory are identified in Section 3.
2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 9 3 2019 GHG Community Inventory
Overview
3.1 GHG Inventory Methodology
Consistent with State guidance, the community inventory was prepared using the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. ICLEI protocols are designed for local-scale accounting of GHG emissions that contribute to climate change and provide authoritative guidance to account for GHG emissions accurately and consistently. The ICLEI U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting Greenhouse Gas Emissions Version 1.2 (Community Protocol) serves to guide the measurement and reporting of GHG emissions in a standardized way and is used by other jurisdictions to support their own inventory, forecast, and climate action planning efforts. The Community Protocol also includes steps to evaluate the relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, and accuracy of data used in the GHG inventory.12 GHG Inventory Scope
The 2019 Community GHG Inventory includes an assessment of the City of Camarillo’s community wide GHG emissions that serve as the basis for the GHG emissions forecast and target setting. The inventory includes emissions occurring within Camarillo’s geo-political control (i.e., sources of emissions within the City limits over which the City has significant influence or jurisdictional authority).
GHG Emissions Boundary
The community inventory reports GHG emissions by their source sector, which includes energy, transportation, waste, water, and wastewater. The calculation of GHG emissions uses the best available data and guidance of the ICLEI methodologies. A detailed assessment of the data and its sources, calculation methodologies, and GHG emissions reporting by scope and sector is discussed in Section 3.2.
Greenhouse Gases
The Community Protocol suggests that inventories assess GHG emissions associated with the six internationally recognized GHGs, as outlined in Table 1. The 2019 inventory focuses on the three GHGs most relevant to the City’s operations: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The other gases (hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluorides) are emitted primarily in private sector manufacturing and electricity transmission and are, therefore, omitted from the inventory. This approach is consistent with typical community inventory approaches, as industrial emissions are outside of the City’s jurisdictional control.
Table 1 includes the global warming potentials (GWP) for each gas. The 2019 GHG Community Inventory references 100-year GWP for each gas that are consistent with the Intergovernmental
12 International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI). U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (July 2019). Accessed November 8, 2022 at: https://icleiusa.org/ghg-protocols/.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
10 Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report, which were also used by the State in their latest GHG emissions inventory.13 The GWP refers to the ability of each gas to trap heat in the atmosphere. For example, one pound of methane gas has 28 times more heat capturing potential than one pound of carbon dioxide gas. GHG emissions are reported in metric tons of CO2 equivalent (MT CO2e).
Table 1 2019 GHG Community Inventory GHGs and GWPs
Greenhouse Gas Primary Source 100-year
GWP
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Combustion 1
Methane (CH4) Combustion, anaerobic decomposition of organic waste (e.g., in landfills, wastewater treatment plants)
28 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Leaking refrigerants and fire suppressants 265 Hydrofluorocarbons Leaking refrigerants and fire suppressants 4 - 12,400 Perfluorocarbons Aluminum production, semiconductor manufacturing, HVAC equipment manufacturing
6,630 -
11,100
Sulfur Hexafluoride
(SH6)
Transmission and distribution of power 23,500
Notes: GWP = Global Warming Potential
Generally, GHG emissions were calculated by multiplying the activity data in each GHG emissions sector (e.g., transportation, energy, waste, water) by an associated emission factor. Activity data refer to the relevant measured or estimated energy usage or GHG-generating process data.
Emission factors are observation-based conversion factors used to equate activity data to generated GHG emissions. The 2019 Community GHG Inventory and results are summarized in Section 3.2 below.
3.2 2019 Community GHG Inventory
The 2019 Community GHG Inventory leverages the latest available models and best available data in accordance with the Community Protocol. The inventory serves to provide a comprehensive understanding of the community’s current GHG emissions. The following sections contain further information on the inventory approach, calculation methodologies, data used, and results.
Energy: Residential and Nonresidential Electricity
The community’s residential and nonresidential sectors source electricity from Southern California Edison (SCE) and Clean Power Alliance’s (CPA) three electricity services: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. SCE and CPA provided the activity data through electricity usage reports for the residential sector and nonresidential sector (including commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors), though agricultural energy use for SCE did not pass the 15/15 Rule14 and is aggregated in the reported commercial energy use. While industrial electricity use is typically excluded from GHG
13 IPCC. AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014. Accessed November 14, 2022 at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ 14 The 15/15 Rule is a policy put in place by the California Public Utilities Commission which protects the privacy of energy users.
Aggregated energy information must have more than 15 customers, with no one customer representing 15 percent of the aggregated energy consumption. SCE reports kWh usage for the agricultural sector to be between 8,000,000 – 9,000,000 kWh annually. 2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 11 inventories as cities do not have jurisdiction over industrial emissions, Camarillo’s previous inventories provided by Ventura County Regional Climate Alliance (VCREA)15 include emissions associated with industrial energy use. To maintain consistency with the City’s historic inventories for the forthcoming CAP, industrial electricity use was included in the City’s 2019 Community GHG Inventory.
SCE’s emission factor was sourced from Edison International’s 2020 Sustainability Report.16 CPA’s three emission factors were sourced from the Climate Registry’s Public Report on Utility-Specific Emission Factors and adjusted to account for nitrous oxide and methane emissions with emission factors from the EPA’s Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) for the California grid.17,18 Activity data and emissions factors used are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2 2019 Residential and Nonresidential Electricity Activity Data and Emissions Factors
Sector Provider
Original Activity Data
(kWh)
Emission Factor (MT
CO2e/kWh)
Residential Electricity SCE 152,864,371 0.00018
CPA (100% Green Power) 306,629 0
CPA( Clean Power) 294,456 0.00016
CPA (Lean Power) 107,807,155 0.00027
Nonresidential Electricity1 SCE 239,018,161 0.00018
CPA (100% Green Power) 1,328,072 0
CPA( Clean Power) 774,594 0.00016
CPA (Lean Power) 122,236,215 0.00027
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. Nonresidential electricity includes energy use from commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors.
SCE and CPA emissions factors were weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in each sector (i.e., residential and nonresidential sectors) from SCE and CPA’s three electricity services and the emission factor of each service. As further detailed in the subsection below, electricity activity data and the associated GHG emissions were adjusted to exclude the electricity used for electric vehicle charging since this is accounted for in the on-road transportation subsector. Specifically, on- road passenger electric vehicle miles traveled (EVMT) electricity was subtracted from the residential electricity activity data, while commercial and bus EVMT electricity was subtracted from the nonresidential electricity activity data. These adjustments and GHG emissions calculations are shown in Table 3.
15 Ventura County Regional Climate Alliance (VCREA). Climate on the Move. 2015. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://www.vcenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate_on_the_Move_Final.pdf 16 Edison International. 2020 Sustainability Report. Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.edison.com/content/dam/eix/documents/sustainability/eix-2020-sustainability-report-goals-summary.pdf. 17 The Climate Registry. CRIS Public Reports: Utility-Specific Emission Factors. Accessed November 4, 2022 at https://theclimateregistry.org/registries-resources/carbon-footprint-registry/ 18 EPA Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) (May 17th, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data-explorer.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
12 Table 3 2019 Residential and Nonresidential Electricity GHG Emissions Calculations Sector
Original Activity
Data (kWh)
Annual EVMT
(kWh)
Adjusted Activity
Data (kWh)
Emission
Factor (MT
CO2e/kWh)1
Adjusted GHG
Emissions (MT
CO2e)
Residential
Electricity (SCE &
CPA)
261,272,611 2,236,544 259,036,068 0.0002172 56,269
Nonresidential
Electricity (SCE &
CPA)
363,357,042 843 363,356,199 0.0002098 76,248
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. Emissions factors are weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in the non-residential electricity sector from SCE and CPA’s three electricity services: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. The emissions factor is weighted using SCE’s emissions factor of 0.0001800 MT CO2e/kWh, CPA’s 100% Green Power emissions factor of 0 MT CO2e/kwh, CPA’s Clean Power emissions factor of 0.0001639 MT CO2e/kwh, and CPA’s Lean Power emissions factor of 0.0002708 MT CO2e/kWh.
Energy: Electricity Transmission and Distribution Losses Electricity Transmission and Distribution (T&D) losses arise from electricity lost during delivery to the buildings and associated end-uses in the City. Electricity T&D losses occur in the electricity delivery system and are, therefore, upstream of the delivery endpoints located in Camarillo, but are still associated with energy usage in the City. GHG emissions from electricity T&D losses are calculated using an electricity T&D loss factor of 5.10 percent, obtained from eGRID.19 GHG emissions from electricity T&D losses were calculated separately for each electricity stream in the energy sector (i.e., residential and nonresidential) using the associated weighted emission factor.
T&D losses associated with electric vehicles were considered negligible and, therefore, not included in T&D loss quantification. Electricity T&D GHG emission calculation details are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Electricity T&D Loss GHG Emissions Calculations Sector Activity Data
(kWh)
T&D Losses (kWh)1 Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/kWh)2
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Residential Electricity 259,036,068 13,210,839 0.0002172 2,870 Nonresidential Electricity 363,356,199 18,531,166 0.0002098 3,889 Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. T&D losses associated with EVMT is included under the on-road transportation sector of the City’s GHG inventory
2. Emissions factors are weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in the non-residential electricity sector from SCE and CPA’s three electricity services: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. The emissions factor is weighted using SCE’s emissions factor of 0.0001800 MT CO2e/kWh, CPA’s 100% Green Power emissions factor of 0 MT CO2e/kwh, CPA’s Clean Power emissions factor of 0.0001639 MT CO2e/kwh, and CPA’s Lean Power emissions factor of 0.0002708 MT CO2e/kWh.
Energy: Residential and Nonresidential Natural Gas
GHG emissions from natural gas result from the stationary combustion of natural gas in both the residential and nonresidential building sectors. GHG emission calculations are based on natural gas usage provided by Southern California Gas (SoCalGas) for both the residential sector and the nonresidential sector (i.e., commercial and industrial). Similar to electricity use, industrial use of natural gas is typically excluded from GHG inventories as cities do not have jurisdiction over 19 Ibid.
2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 13 industrial emissions. However, Camarillo’s historic inventories provided by VCREA20 which includes emissions associated with industrial natural gas use (excluding bottled natural gas). To maintain consistency with the City’s historic inventories for the forthcoming CAP, industrial natural gas use was included in the City’s 2019 Community GHG Inventory.
Though primary GHG emissions result from the combustion of natural gas, not all the natural gas used is combusted. It is estimated that 0.5% of reported natural gas consumption is leaked at end- uses and not combusted.21 This results in higher rates of methane leakage, which has a larger GHG impact compared to combusted natural gas. The activity data is adjusted to remove this end-use leakage from the total reported natural gas consumption in both residential and non-residential sectors (end-use leakage is instead accounted for in the section below). An emission factor from the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report is applied to calculate GHG emissions from natural gas combustion.22 Table 5 below details the GHG emissions calculations.
Table 5 Residential and Nonresidential Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations Sector
Original Activity
Data
(therms)
Methane
Leaks: End-use
(therms)
Adjusted Activity
Data (
therms)
Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/therm)
Adjusted GHG
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Residential
Natural Gas
9,601,437 48,007 9,553,430 0.005312 50,743
Nonresidential
Natural Gas
4,230,638 21,153 4,209,485 0.005312 22,358
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Energy: Natural Gas Methane Leaks
Natural gas methane leaks occur during delivery to the buildings along distribution lines and at the point of end-use in the community. Gas methane leaks from delivery occur in the pipeline delivery system and are therefore upstream of the delivery endpoints located in Camarillo and not reflected in reported total natural gas usage, but are still associated with energy usage in the community.
GHG emissions from gas methane distribution leaks are calculated using a methane leak factor of
2.3 percent.23 Gas methane leaks from end-use discussed previously occur within the household or building upon use and are calculated using a methane leak factor of 0.5 percent.24 GHG emissions from both gas methane leaks were calculated separately for the residential and nonresidential gas streams in the energy sector, using a calculated natural gas methane leak emission factor. Gas leakage GHG emission calculation details are shown in Table 6. 20 Ventura County Regional Climate Alliance (VCREA). Climate on the Move. 2015. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://www.vcenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate_on_the_Move_Final.pdf 21 Environmental Defense Fund. USER GUIDE FOR NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE MODELING TOOL. Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/US-Natural-Gas-Leakage-Model-User-Guide.pdf. 22 EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (April 1st, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 23 Alvarez, Ramón et al. (2018). Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain. Science. 361. Accessed November 4, 2022 at: https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aar7204 24 Environmental Defense Fund. USER GUIDE FOR NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE MODELING TOOL.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
14 Table 6 Natural Gas Methane Leaks GHG Emissions Calculations Natural Gas Sector
Leakage
Source
Original
Activity Data
(therms)
Methane Leaks
(therms)
Emission
Factor (MT
CO2e/therm)1
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Residential Natural Gas
Distribution 9,601,437 220,833 0.053067
14,267
End-use 9,601,437 48,007 0.053067
Nonresidential Natural Gas
Distribution 4,230,638 97,305 0.053067
6,286
End-use 4,230,638 21,153 0.053067
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. Emission factor is calculated using the following equation:
2.85 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚 ∗ 95% 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ 0.7 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ 28 𝐶𝑂2𝑒
𝐶𝐻4
∗ 0.001 𝑀𝑇
𝑘𝑔
Transportation: On-road
On-road vehicles in the community produce GHG emissions from the mobile combustion of fossil fuels (i.e., internal combustion engines) and up-stream from the production of electricity (i.e., electric vehicles). GHG emissions from the on-road transportation sector were calculated based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) estimates from a regional travel demand model and differentiated to passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and bus as well as electric vehicles within each category.
The methodology leverages the latest on-road transportation data from CARB’s 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC2021) model25 which provides activity data and emissions inventories for on-road vehicles for a variety of vehicle classes which are driven on roads in California. The EMFAC model was developed to by CARB to establish state-wide and regional on-road GHG inventories which are essential in determining effective regulation and control strategies to fulfill CARB’s mission to promote and protect public health, welfare, and ecological resources.26 EMFAC2021 provides data on the county-wide data level and does not differentiate data according to cities.
Fehr & Peers provided average weekday VMT for each origin-destination pair (i.e., trip origins and destinations that are internal and/or external to the City) using the updated Ventura County Transportation Model (VCTM), trip-based origin-destination model that serves as a sub-area model of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) 2016 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) model.27 These origin-destination VMT groups were provided for both passenger and commercial vehicles. The groups were attributed to the City using Community Protocol Method TR.1.A.1 and converted to an annual VMT average for passenger and commercial vehicles using CARB’s VMT annualization factor (i.e., 347 days per year).28 Since the VCTM only estimated VMT for passenger and commercial vehicles, bus VMT was then added based on analysis performed on EMFAC2021. Within each vehicle category, electric VMT (EVMT) was estimated based on electric vehicle VMT share from EMFAC2021 to account for electric vehicles. EVMT was converted to electricity usage by applying an estimated energy per mile factor
25 California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC) Model. Version 1.0.1. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/.
26 California Air Resources Board (CARB). EMFAC2021 Volume I – User’s Guide. Accessed. 2021. Accessed May 1, 2023 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/EMFAC202x_Users_Guide_01112021_final.pdf 27 Fehr & Peers. Memorandum on VMT Estimates for Camarillo Climate Action Plan (CAP) (August 4, 2022). 28 CARB. Methodological summary of the AB 32 Scoping Plan. Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/document/measure_documentation.pdf 2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 15 from EMFAC2021. Activity data was then converted to GHG emissions using emission factors weighted for residential and nonresidential electricity use in the community. These calculations are shown in detail in Table 7 and Table 8.
To avoid double counting, residential and nonresidential electricity activity data were adjusted by subtracting the electricity used for vehicle charging. These adjustments are discussed in the section above.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
16 Table 7 2019 Community On-road VMT Calculations
Sector
Activity
Data
(miles/day)
EMFAC2021 Bus
VMT Share (%) Annual VMT (miles)
EMFAC2021
EV share (%)
Annual EVMT
(miles)
EMFAC2021
Energy per Mile
(kWh/mile) Annual EVMT (kWh)
On-road Passenger VMT 1,380,291 N/A 478,960,977 1.31% 6,274,389 0.36 2,236,544 On-road Commercial VMT 121,624 N/A 42,203,528 0.00% 0 N/A 0 On-road Bus VMT N/A 0.27% 1,391,993 0.03% 418 2.02 843
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles traveled; kWh = kilowatt hour Table 8 2019 Community On-road GHG Emissions Calculations Sector Activity Data1 Emission Factor GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) On-road Passenger VMT 478,960,977 miles 0.000362 MT CO2e/mile 173,384 On-road Commercial VMT 42,203,528 miles 0.001027 MT CO2e/mile 43,343 On-road Bus VMT 1,391,993 miles 0.001592 MT CO2e/mile 2,216 On-road Passenger EVMT2 2,236,544 kWh 0.0002172 MT CO2e/kWh 486 On-road Commercial EVMT3 0 kWh 0.0002098 MT CO2e/kWh 0.00 On-road Bus EVMT3 843 kWh 0.0002098 MT CO2e/kWh 0.18
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles traveled; EVMT = electric vehicle miles traveled; kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. EVMT activity data does not include kWh associated with T&D losses as these emissions are considered negligible and therefore excluded from the inventory.
2. Emissions factor for on-road passenger EV electricity use is weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in the residential electricity sector from SCE and CPA’s three electricity services:
100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. The emissions factor is weighted using SCE’s emissions factor of 0.0001800 MT CO2e/kWh, CPA’s 100% Green Power emissions factor of 0 MT CO2e/kwh, CPA’s Clean Power emissions factor of 0.0001639 MT CO2e/kwh, and CPA’s Lean Power emissions factor of 0.0002708 MT CO2e/kWh.
3. Emissions factor for on-road commercial and bus EV electricity use is weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in the non-residential electricity sector from SCE and CPA’s three electricity services: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. The emissions factor is weighted using SCE’s emissions factor of 0.0001800 MT CO2e/kWh, CPA’s 100% Green Power emissions factor of 0 MT CO2e/kwh, CPA’s Clean Power emissions factor of 0.0001639 MT CO2e/kwh, and CPA’s Lean Power emissions factor of 0.0002708 MT CO2e/kWh. 2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 17 Transportation: Off-road
Off-road equipment and vehicles in the community generate GHG emissions from the mobile combustion of fossil fuels. Off-road activity data, measured in gallons of fuel consumed by fuel type, were calculated using CARB’s 2021 Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Off-road (OFFROAD2021) emissions database. OFFROAD2021 provides fuel usage results from off-road equipment operation at the county-wide level for sectors such as agricultural, construction, lawn and garden, or recreational equipment.29 Demographic data and land use data relating to population size, number of jobs, and agricultural acreage for Ventura County and the City of Camarillo were used to allocate county-wide off-road fuel usage to the City. The Department of Finance30 was used to determine the proportion of population and jobs in Ventura County compared to Camarillo, while Ventura County 2040 General Plan31, and Camarillo’s 2021 General Plan Annual Progress Report were used to determine agricultural acreage 32 Though Ventura County 2040 General Plan reports land use for 2017 while Camarillo’s 2021 General Plan Annual Progress report provides land use acreage for the year 2021, it is anticipated that agricultural acreage would not change significantly over this timeframe and is therefore are considered an acceptable approximations.
Although the Camarillo Airport is located within the City’s boundaries, it is owned and operated by the County of Ventura. Though the emissions associated with most airport operations are not included in the emissions inventory, the City has an opportunity to partner with the County and identify opportunities to reduce emissions associated with off-road equipment operation at the airport. Therefore, emissions from the offroad equipment associated with the airport are included in the City’s community inventory.
29 California Air Resource Board (CARB). Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Off-road (OFFROAD2021). Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/mobile-source-emissions-inventory/msei-road-documentation-0. 30 State of California Department of Finance Reports E-4. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/Demographics/estimates/
31 Ventura County 2040 General Plan. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://docs.vcrma.org/images/pdf/planning/plans/Final_2040_General_Plan_docs/VCGPU_08_Ag_Element_2020_09_15_web.pdf 32 City of Camarillo. 2021 General Plan Annual Progress Report. Accessed November 8, 2022:
https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/Community%20Development/General%20Plan/2021%20GPA%20Report%20w_at tachments.pdf
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
18 Table 9 2019 Community Off-road Equipment Sector Attributions Equipment Type Attribution Metric Attribution Value
Agricultural Number of Agriculture Acres 0.39%
Airport Under jurisdictional control 100.00%
Cargo Excluded - Not under Jurisdictional Control 0.00% Commercial Excluded - Not under Jurisdictional Control 0.00% Construction Number of Jobs 9.74%
Industrial Number of Jobs 9.74%
Lawn Population 8.05%
Light Number of Jobs 9.74%
Locomotive Excluded - Not under Jurisdictional Control 0.00% Ocean Excluded - Not under Jurisdictional Control 0.00% Oil Number of Jobs 9.74%
Pleasure Population 8.05%
Portable Number of Jobs 9.74%
Transportation Number of Jobs 9.74%
Recreational Population 8.05%
Emission factors for diesel, gasoline, and natural gas usage in off-road vehicles were obtained from the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report.33 These off-road GHG emissions calculation details are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 2019 Community Off-road GHG Emissions Calculations Fuel Type
Activity Data
(gallons)
Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/gallon)
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Diesel 854,395 0.01043 8,910
Gasoline 232,930 0.00924 2,152
Natural Gas 188,915 0.00468 884
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; Values may not add due to rounding Waste
GHG emissions associated with the waste sector result from the decomposition of waste at a landfill. GHG emissions from waste decomposition were calculated using Community Protocol Method SW.4 based on community-generated waste tonnage, default factors for landfill gas collection efficiency (i.e., 0.75) and oxidation rate (i.e., 0.1), and an emissions factor from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Factor Database for mixed municipal solid waste.34 Activity data for community-generated waste were provided for the year 2021 by the City’s waste hauler, E.J. Harrison & Sons. As E.J. Harrison & Sons were unable to provide the City with 33 EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (April 1st, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 34 EPA AP-42 –EPA Emission Factor Database, Chapter 2.4 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (1998) WARM—Exhibit 6 of http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/pdfs/Landfilling.pdf, February 2012. 2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 19 2019 waste activity data, the 2021 data were used as a proxy for the 2019 inventory. This is expected to provide a reasonable estimation of waste emissions as Camarillo did not experience significant population changes over the 2019-2021 period according to population data provided by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)35 and the Department of Finance36 (0.7 percent and 2 percent, respectively). The GHG emissions calculations for waste are shown in Table
11. Table 11 2019 Community Waste GHG Emissions Calculations Sector Activity Data Input
Activity Data
(wet short ton)
Emission Factor (MT
CO2e/wet short ton)1
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Landfill
Decomposition
Community-generated trash 47,776
1.68 23,904 Community-generated green
waste 15,461
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. Emissions factor provided by the EPA AP-42 –EPA Emission Factor Database, Chapter 2.4 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (1998) WARM—Exhibit 6 of http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/pdfs/Landfilling.pdf, February 2012.
Water
Water consumption generates GHG emissions from the electricity used to deliver water to the community, as well as the energy used to treat and convey the water prior to delivery. Water is supplied by Camarillo Water District (CWD), Camrosa Water District, Pleasant Valley County Water District, Pleasant Valley Mutual Water Company, and Crestview Mutual Water Company. Camarillo Water District supplements local water supplies with imported water from Calleguas Municipal Water District (CMWD) and provides water services to approximately 64 percent37 of the City’s population, while the remaining 36 percent is serviced by the other water districts and companies.38 Activity data for water supplied by the City was provided by Camarillo Water District, which includes imported water supplied by CMWD. While activity data for Crestview Mutual was provided by the company, information regarding the company’s energy intensity was not provided. Additionally, activity data for water supplied by Camrosa Water District, Pleasant Valley County Water District, and Pleasant Valley Mutual Water Company were not provided. To maintain consistency and replicability in alignment with ILCEI protocol principles, a per capita water consumption metric was developed to estimate water provided by all other water districts and companies outside of CWD and CMWD. Per capita water consumption was determined based on CWD provided activity data, percent of population served (i.e. 64 percent), and demographic data from the Southern California Association of Bay Area Government’s (SCAG) Regional Transportation Plan.39 Table 12 and Table 13
35Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). Demographics and Growth Forecast. September 2020. Accessed November 17, 2022 at: https://www.mwdh2o.com/media/19043/demographics-and-growth-forecast-technical-report.pdf 36 State of California Department of Finance Reports E-4. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/Demographics/estimates/
37 According to Camarillo’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, Camarillo Water District provides water to 45,136 residents of Camarillo’s total 70,261 residents.
38 City of Camarillo. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (June 31, 2021). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/Public%20Works/water/Camarillo%202020%20UWMP.pdf 39 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) 2018 Regional Transportation Plan demographic data provided by the City via email on July 1, 2022
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
20 show per capita water consumption and subsequent activity data for water districts and companies outside of CWD and CMWD.
Table 12 Camarillo Water Consumption Per Capita
Water Districts Total
Population
Percent of
Population
Serviced
Population
Served Acre Feet Acre-Feet per
capita
Camarillo Water District 71,267 64% 45,782 7,112 0.155
Table 13 Other Water District/Company Activity Data
Water District/Company Total
Population
Percent of
Population
Serviced
Population
Served
Acre-Feet
per Person Acre-Feet
Camrosa Water District, Pleasant Valley
County Water District, Pleasant Valley
Mutual Water Company, and Crestview
Mutual Water Company
71,267 36% 25,485 0.155 3,958.90
Water imported to CWD by CMWD were determined based on total water supplied by CWD to the City and the percent of imported water utilized (59 percent) as reported in Camarillo’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan.40 Energy intensity factors for CWD and CMWD were obtained from Camarillo’s and Calleguas’ 2020 Urban Water Management Plans to estimate electricity usage from the water supplied..41, 42 The energy intensity for CWD includes energy used for the conveyance, treatment, and distribution of locally supplied water, while the energy intensity of CMWD only includes the energy associated with transportation of treated water to water distribution centers.
Energy intensities associated with other districts and companies which supply water to the City were not provided by other water suppliers to Camarillo, and therefore were treated as an imported water supply for a conservative estimation of added GHG emissions.
As locally supplied water energy use is included in non-residential emissions, the emissions associated with CWD supplied water were quantified based on total CWD supplied water and CWD reported energy intensity, but not included in total community GHG emissions for the City. This provides a conservative estimation of conveyance, treatment, and distribution of City supplied water. It is also anticipated that energy use from other water suppliers within the City’s boundaries are also included in the non-residential electricty sector of Camarillo’s Community GHG Inventory.
To provide a conservative estimation of additional GHG emissions associated with imported water transportation and water supplied from other energy sources outside of Camarillo’s City boundaries, GHG emissions were quantified based on respective activity data and CMWD’s energy intensity.
Table 17 shows the City’s water sector GHG emissions and total GHG emissions added to Camarillo’s Community GHG Inventory.
40 City of Camarillo. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (June 31, 2021). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/Public%20Works/water/Camarillo%202020%20UWMP.pdf 41 City of Camarillo. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (June 31, 2021). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/Public%20Works/water/Camarillo%202020%20UWMP.pdf. 42 Calleguas Municipal Water District. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (June 2021). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.calleguas.com/cmwdfinal2020uwmp.pdf.
2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 21 Table 14 Community Water GHG Emissions Calculations
Water District Activity Data
(acre-feet)
Energy
Intensity Factor
(kWh/acre-
foot)
Electricity
Usage (kWh)
Emission Factor
(MT
CO2e/kWh)1
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Local Water Supply
Camarillo Water District 7,112 1,086 7,725,912 0.000209845 1,621 Imported Water Supply
Calleguas Municipal
Water District2 4,196 66 278,200 0.000209845 58
Other Water Suppliers* 3,959 66 262,475 0.000209845 55
TOTAL 113
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent *Includes Camrosa Water District, Pleasant Valley County Water District, Pleasant Valley Mutual Water Company, and Crestview Mutual Water Company
1. Emissions factor is weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in the non-residential electricity sector from SCE and CPA’s three electricity services: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. The emissions factor is weighted using SCE’s emissions factor of 0.0001800 MT CO2e/kWh, CPA’s 100% Green Power emissions factor of 0 MT CO2e/kwh, CPA’s Clean Power emissions factor of
0.0001639 MT CO2e/kwh, and CPA’s Lean Power emissions factor of 0.0002708 MT CO2e/kWh.
2. Acre-feet of water supplied by Calleguas Municipal Water District is determined by allocating 59% of Camarillo Water District total water supplied (7,112 acre-feet) to Calleguas Municipal Water District.
Wastewater
The wastewater treatment produces emissions through every stage of the process. GHG emissions from wastewater treatment were calculated using Community Protocol Methods WW.1(alt) and WW.2(alt) for stationary emissions, WW.8 for process emissions, and WW.12(alt) for fugitive emissions. Activity data was provided by the City in the form of population and employment data and default emission factors were applied based on guidance from the Community Protocol.43, 44 The total stationary, process, and fugitive wastewater emissions generated by the City can be found in Table 15.
Table 15 2019 Wastewater GHG Emissions
Sector
Community
Protocol Method Activity Data Input1
Activity Data
(people)
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Stationary Emissions CH4 and N2O WW.1(alt) and
WW.2(alt)
Serviced Population 104,721
7 Denitrification Process N2O WW.8 111
Effluent Discharge Fugitive N2O WW.12(alt) 2,248
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. Serviced Population = the combined total number of employees and residents in the City 43 Camarillo Sanitary District. Climate Changes Effects Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation Plan (Climate Change Plan) (May 2021).
Provided by email on July 1, 2022.
44 See Community Protocol Methods WW.1.a, WW.2.a, WW.12, and WW.13 for all default inputs including emissions factors used to calculate wastewater emissions.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
22 3.2.1 2019 Community GHG Inventory Results
The inventory provides the City with current GHG emissions estimates that follow the Community Protocol and current best practices for GHG accounting. The results of the GHG inventory are shown in Figure 1 and summarized in detail in Table 16.
2019 GHG Community Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 23 Figure 1 Updated Inventory GHG Emissions by Sector
Energy Residen al
Electricity, 12%
Energy Nonresiden al
Electricity, 16%
Energy Residen al
Natural Gas, 13%
Transporta on Passenger
Vehicles, 35%
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
Residen al
Electricity
Nonresiden al
Electricity
Residen al
Natural Gas
Nonresiden al
Natural Gas
Passenger
Vehicles
Commercial
Vehicles
Buses O road
Equipment
Waste
Genera on
Water
Consump on
Wastewater
Treatment
Energy Transporta on Waste Water Wastewater
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
24 Table 16 2019 Community GHG Emissions Inventory
GHG
Emissions
Sector
GHG Emissions
Subsector Activity Data Emission Factor
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Energy Residential
Electricity
259,036,068 kWh 0.0002172 MT CO2e/kWh 56,269
Residential
Electricity T&D
13,210,839 kWh 0.0002172 MT CO2e/kWh 2,870
Nonresidential
Electricity
363,356,199 kWh 0.0002098 MT CO2e/kWh 76,248
Nonresidential
Electricity T&D
18,531,166 kWh 0.0002098 MT CO2e/kWh 3,889
Residential
Natural Gas
9,553,430 therms 0.005312 MT
CO2e/therm
50,743
Residential
Natural Gas Leaks
268,840 therms 0.053067 MT
CO2e/therm
14,267
Nonresidential
Natural Gas
4,209,485 therms 0.005312 MT
CO2e/therm
22,358
Nonresidential
Natural Gas Leaks
118,458 therms 0.053067 MT
CO2e/therm
6,286
Transportation Passenger VMT 478,960,977 miles 0.000362 MT CO2e/mile 173,384 Commercial VMT 42,203,528 miles 0.001027 MT CO2e/mile 43,343 Bus VMT 1,391,993 miles 0.001592 MT CO2e/mile 2,216
Passenger EVMT 2,350,607 kWh 0.0002172 MT CO2e/kWh 486
Commercial
EVMT
0 kWh 0.0002098 MT CO2e/kWh 0
Bus EVMT 886 kWh 0.0002098 MT CO2e/kWh 0.18
Off-road Diesel 856,449 gallons 0.01043 MT
CO2e/gallon
8,931
Off-road Gasoline 244,548 gallons 0.00924 MT
CO2e/gallon
2,259
Off-road Natural
Gas
190,233 gallons 0.00468 MT
CO2e/gallon
890
Waste Waste
Generation
63,237 wet short
tons
N/A N/A 23,903
Water Imported water
transportation
540,675 kWh 0.0002098 MT CO2e/kWh 113
Wastewater Stationary
Emissions
104,721 serviced
population1
N/A N/A 7
Denitrification
Process N2O
N/A N/A 111
Effluent
Discharge
Fugitive N2O
N/A N/A 2,137
Total 490,710
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles traveled; EVMT = electric vehicle miles traveled; kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. Serviced population is calculated as the combined total number of employees and residents in the City. 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 25 4 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Overview
The 2019 Municipal GHG Emissions Inventory includes all emissions occurring within the City of Camarillo’s direct jurisdictional authority (i.e., sources of emissions resulting from facilities that the City owns and/or operates). The municipal inventory allows the City to track its GHG emissions resulting from the municipally owned facilities, vehicles, and equipment over which it can exert control with GHG reduction policies and ultimately lead by example. The reporting and calculation of GHG emissions are consistent with the recommendations of the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP).45 The operational inventory reports GHG emissions by their source, which includes vehicle fleet, transit fleet, wastewater treatment, buildings and facilities, streetlights and traffic signals, solid waste generation, water consumption, employee commute, and business travel. The calculation of GHG emissions uses the best available data and guidance of the LGOP methodologies.
The City of Camarillo operates and maintains multiple buildings and facilities across the City. The City’s primary GHG emissions originate from fossil fuels burned in vehicles, employee business travel, and wastewater treatment. Fleet data include employee vehicles and agency-owned vehicles and rentals. Water consumption data includes water service provided to the City’s facilities.
Wastewater generation data includes the emissions generated from treating water at the Camarillo Water Reclamation Plant (CWRP), which is located in Camarillo along Conejo Creek. Because the City owns and operates the wastewater facility, it is considered a direct Scope 1 source of emissions under the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP).46 Solid waste generation data include tonnage generated by the City’s facilities across the 2019 calendar year.
The results of GHG emission calculations are presented by emissions scope, relating to the degree of control the City has over emissions sources, and the specific sources that the emissions are associated with. Emissions sources are categorized as direct (i.e., Scope 1) or indirect (i.e., Scope 2 or Scope 3), in accordance with the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard, which are summarized below:
▪ Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions from sources within a local government’s operations that it owns and/or controls. This includes stationary combustion to produce electricity, steam, heat, and power equipment; mobile combustion of fuels; process emissions from physical or chemical processing; fugitive emissions that result from production, processing, transmission, storage, and use of fuels; and other sources.
▪ Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions associated with the consumption of electricity, steam, heating, or cooling that are purchased from a utility provider that also provides energy to other jurisdictions and/or is located outside City boundaries. ▪ Scope 3: All other indirect GHG emissions not covered in Scope 2, such as emissions resulting from the extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels, transport-related activities 45 CARB et al. Local Government Operations Protocol: For the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions inventories (May 2010). Version 1.1. Accessed November 7, 2022 at: https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/protocols/localgov/pubs/lgo_protocol_v1_1_2010-05-
03.pdf.
46 The wastewater facility is owned and operated by the city of Camarillo and provides treatment services within the City’s boundaries.
Because the municipal inventory is a subset of the community inventory there is no double counting despite the qualification of wastewater emissions as Scope 1 emissions for this municipal inventory.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
26 in vehicles not owned or controlled by the City (e.g., employee commuting and business travel, outsourced activities, waste disposal, etc.).
4.1 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Results
A discussion of the emissions by source follows for the eight primary emission sources of: vehicle fleet, transit fleet, wastewater treatment, buildings and facilities, streetlights and traffic signals, solid waste generation, water consumption, employee commute, and business travel. Table 17 presents a summary of the GHG emissions from each source.
Table 17 2019 Municipal GHG Emission Inventory Results (MT CO2e) Sector Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Total
Vehicle Fleet 451 N/A N/A 451
Transit Fleet 623 N/A N/A 623
Wastewater Treatment 1,691 N/A N/A 1,691
Buildings and Facilities 89 138 N/A 227
Streetlights and Traffic Signals N/A 51 N/A 51
Solid Waste Generation N/A N/A 52 52
Water Consumption1 N/A N/A 24 24
Employee Commute N/A N/A 226 226
Business Travel N/A N/A 486 486
Cumulative Emissions 2,853 189 764 3,806
Notes: All values presented are in units of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e); N/A = Not applicable; Values may not add due to rounding.
1. Water consumption energy use is quantified but not included in total cumulative emissions to avoid double counting with buildings and facilities electricity use.
Vehicle Fleet
Vehicle fleet emissions include Scope 1 sources that relate to the mobile combustion of fossil fuels in the City’s fleet vehicles. Fleet vehicles include light and medium-duty vehicles and trucks as well as the use of personal vehicles for work. The employee commute sector accounts for emissions generated by City employees’ trips to and from work and is treated as separate from the use of personal vehicles for work and is discussed in the section below. The City tracks data for the vehicle fleet including diesel and gasoline use, which provided the activity data for this sector. Emission factors for diesel and gasoline were obtained from the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report.47 The GHG emission calculation details associated with vehicle fleet sector sources are provided in Table 18.
47 EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (April 1st, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 27 Table 18 Vehicle Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations GHG Emission Source
Activity Data
(gallons)
Emissions Factor
(MT CO2e/gallon)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission Source
Scope
Diesel 7,243 0.01024268 74 Scope 1
Gasoline 42,710 0.00881184 376 Scope 1
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; Values may not add due to rounding Transit Fleet
Transit fleet emissions include Scope 1 sources that relate to the mobile combustion of fossil fuels in the City’s public transit fleet (e.g., the City’s trolley, buses, and mini vans). The City tracks gasoline usage for the transit fleet, which provided the activity data for this sector. An emission factor for gasoline was obtained from the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report.48 The GHG emission calculation details associated with transit fleet sector sources are provided in Table
19. Table 19 Transit Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations GHG Emission Source
Activity Data
(gallons)
Emissions Factor (MT
CO2e/gallon)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission Source
Scope
Gasoline 70,696 0.00881184 623 Scope 1
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; Values may not add due to rounding Wastewater Emissions
The Camarillo Wastewater Treatment Plant produces emissions through every stage of the process and falls under Scope 1 as it is a City-owned and operated facility. GHG emissions from wastewater treatment were calculated using Community Protocol Methods WW.1(alt) and WW.2(alt) for stationary emissions, WW.8 for process emissions, and WW.12(alt) for fugitive emissions.
Camarillo’s Wastewater Treatment Plant provides sanitary services to 75 percent of the City by area, while Camrosa Municipal Water District provides services to the remaining 25 percent according to Camarillo Sanitary District Climate Change Plan. Activity data was provided by the City in the form of population and employment data and adjusted based on the portion of City area serviced by the Camarillo Wastewater Treatment Plant. Default emission factors were applied to the activity data based on guidance from the Community Protocol.49, 50 The total process and fugitive wastewater emissions generated by the City can be found in Table 20. 48 EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (April 1st, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 49 Camarillo Sanitary District. Climate Changes Effects Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation Plan (Climate Change Plan) (May 2021).
Provided by email on July 1, 2022.
50 See Community Protocol Methods WW.1.a, WW.2.a, WW.12, and WW.13 for all default inputs including emissions factors used to calculate wastewater emissions.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
28 Table 20 2019 Wastewater GHG Emissions
Sector
Community
Protocol Method
Activity Data
Input
Activity
Data
Adjusted
Activity
Data
GHG
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission
Source
Scope
Stationary
Emissions
WW.1(alt) and
WW.2(alt)
Serviced
population1 104,721 78,540
5 Scope 1
Denitrification
Process N2O
WW.8 83 Scope 1
Effluent Discharge
Fugitive N2O
WW.12(alt) 1,603 Scope 1
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; Values may not add due to rounding
1. Serviced population is calculated as the combined total number of employees and residents in the City.
Buildings and Other Facilities
Buildings and facilities generate Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions that relate to the stationary combustion of natural gas (i.e., Scope 1) and the use of electricity (i.e., Scope 2) in the City’s facilities.
Natural gas which is used for heating and cooling of buildings and facilities, is provided to the City by SoCalGas,.51 However, similar to the community natural gas used, not all the natural gas used is combusted. About 0.5% of the natural gas delivered is leaked at end-uses and not combusted.52 The activity data provided by the City is adjusted to remove this end-use leakage and an emission factor from the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report is applied to calculate GHG emissions from natural gas combustion.53 Emissions from the end-use methane leaks are calculated separately using the adjusted activity data and a calculated natural gas methane leak emission factor. While methane leaks also occur during the delivery of natural gas, emissions from this leakage are not included in the sector since the City does not own and operate the system that distributes the natural gas they consume. The GHG emission calculation details associated with the buildings and other facilities sector’s natural gas usage and leakage are provided in Table 21.
51 EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (April 1st, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 52 Environmental Defense Fund USER GUIDE FOR NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE MODELING TOOL. Accessed November 8, 2022:
https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/US-Natural-Gas-Leakage-Model-User-Guide.pdf 53 EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (April 1st, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 29 Table 21 Buildings and Other Facilities Sector Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations GHG Emission Source
Original
Activity Data
(therms)
Adjusted
Activity Data
(therms)
Emissions Factor
(MT CO2e/therm)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission Source
Scope
Natural Gas Consumption
16,047
15,967 0.005312 85 Scope 1
Natural Gas Methane Leaks
(end-use)1 80 0.053067 4 Scope 1
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
1. Emission factor is calculated using the following equation:
2.85 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚 ∗ 95% 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ 0.7 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ 28 𝐶𝑂2𝑒
𝐶𝐻4
∗ 0.001 𝑀𝑇
𝑘𝑔
As of 2019, the City sources its electricity from CPA’s 100% Green Power and Lean Power electricity services.54 Activity data was provided by the City while the emissions factors were sourced from the Climate Registry’s Public Report on Utility-Specific Emission Factors and adjusted to account for nitrous oxide and methane emissions with emission factors for the California grid from eGRID.55, 56 Since the Camarillo does not own or operate the transmission and distribution system delivering the electricity it consumes, emissions from T&D losses are not included in this sector. The GHG emission calculation details associated with buildings and other facilities sector’s electricity usage are provided in Table 22.
Table 22 Buildings and Other Facilities Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations GHG Emission
Source
Electricity
Service
Activity Data
(kWh)
Emissions Factor
(MT CO2e/kWh)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission Source
Scope
Electricity
Consumption
CPA 100% Green
Power
2,521 kWh 0.00 0 Scope 2
CPA Lean Power 509,875 kWh 0.0002708 138 Scope 2
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Streetlights and Traffic Signals
The City’s streetlights and traffic signals generate Scope 2 emissions related to the use of electricity.
In 2019, the City sourced its electricity from CPA’s 100% Green Power and Lean Power electricity services.57 Activity data was provided by the City while the emissions factors were sourced from the Climate Registry’s Public Report on Utility-Specific Emission Factors and adjusted to account for
54 Two municipal accounts purchase electricity at CPA’s 100% Green Power. Overall, one percent of municipal electricity is sourced from carbon-free sources.
55 The Climate Registry. CRIS Public Reports: Utility-Specific Emission Factors. Accessed November 4, 2022 at https://theclimateregistry.org/registries-resources/carbon-footprint-registry/ 56 EPA Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) (May 17th, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data-explorer.
57 Two municipal accounts purchase electricity at CPA’s 100% Green Power. Overall, one percent of municipal electricity is sourced from carbon-free sources.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
30 nitrous oxide and methane emissions with emission factors for the California grid from eGRID.58, 59 Since Camarillo does not own or operate the transmission and distribution system delivering the electricity it consumes, emissions from T&D losses are not included in this sector. The GHG emission calculation details associated with buildings and other facilities sector’s electricity usage are provided in Table 23.
Table 23 Streetlights and Traffic Signals Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations GHG Emission Source
Electricity
Service
Activity Data
(kWh)
Emissions Factor
(MT CO2e/kWh)
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission
Source Scope
Electricity Consumption CPA 100% Green
Power
2,502 kWh 0.00 0 Scope 2
CPA Lean Power 186,519 kWh 0.0002708 51 Scope 2
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Solid Waste
Solid waste generated at municipal buildings and facilities produces Scope 3 GHG emissions from the decomposition of waste at a landfill. GHG emissions from waste decomposition were calculated using Community Protocol Method SW.4 based on waste tonnage provided by the City, default factors for landfill gas collection efficiency (i.e., 0.75) and oxidation rate (i.e., 0.1), and an emissions factor from the EPA Emission Factor Database for mixed municipal solid waste.60 The GHG emissions calculations for municipal solid waste are shown in Table 24.
Table 24 Solid Waste GHG Emission Calculations
Sector Activity Data Input
Activity Data
(wet short ton)
Emission
Factor (MT
CO2e/ton)
GHG
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission
Source
Scope
Landfill
Decomposition
Municipal-generated trash 127 1.68 52 Scope 3
Municipal-generated green waste 12
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Water Consumption
Water consumption generates Scope 3 GHG emissions from the electricity used to deliver water to the City facilities, as well as the energy used to treat and convey the water prior to delivery. The City owns and operates several buildings and facilities that receive water service from CWD. As the City owns CWD, energy associated with CWD operation and the City’s water use is included under the buildings and facilities electricity use sector of the Municipal inventory. GHG emissions associated with the City’s water consumption was quantified for reference but not included in the City’s total municipal GHG Inventory.
58 The Climate Registry. CRIS Public Reports: Utility-Specific Emission Factors. Accessed November 4, 2022 at https://theclimateregistry.org/registries-resources/carbon-footprint-registry/ 59 EPA Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) (May 17th, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data-explorer.
60 EPA AP-42 –EPA Emission Factor Database, Chapter 2.4 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (1998) WARM—Exhibit 6 of http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/pdfs/Landfilling.pdf, February 2012. 2019 Municipal GHG Inventory Overview
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 31 Activity data on the total volume of water consumed was provided by the City. Though CWD receives imported water from CMWD, the added GHG emissions are considered negligible and therefore activity data is assumed to be 100 percent locally sourced. The energy intensity factor for CWD was provided by Camarillo’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan to estimate electricity usage from the water supplied.61 An emission factor weighted based on the community’s nonresidential electricity use was then applied to calculate GHG emissions from the electricity usage. The GHG emission calculations details are provided in Table 25.
Table 25 Water Consumption GHG Emissions Calculations
Water District
Activity
Data (acre-
feet)
Energy
Intensity
Factor
(kWh/acre-
foot)
Electricity
Usage
(kWh)
Emission
Factor (MT
CO2e/kWh)1
GHG
Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Emission
Source
Scope
Camarillo City’s Water
District
107 1,086.32 116,300 0.0002098 24 Scope 3
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; Values may not add due to rounding
1. Emissions factor is weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in the community’s non-residential electricity sector from SCE and CPA’s three electricity services: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. The emissions factor is weighted using SCE’s emissions factor of 0.0001800 MT CO2e/kWh, CPA’s 100% Green Power emissions factor of 0 MT CO2e/kwh, CPA’s Clean Power emissions factor of 0.0001639 MT CO2e/kwh, and CPA’s Lean Power emissions factor of 0.0002708 MT CO2e/kWh.
Employee Commute
Emissions from employee commute include Scope 3 GHG emissions sources from the mobile combustion of fossil fuels generated by the City of Camarillo’s employee vehicles as employees commute to and from work. Activity data was gathered through an employee survey. For the 101 survey respondents, an emission factor from EMFAC2021 was applied to the collected activity data (e.g., commute length, number of days telecommuting per pay period) to calculate the average emissions per employee from commuting. The average was applied to the total number of City employees (i.e., 133 employees in 2020 as a proxy for 2019) to calculate total GHG emissions in the sector. The GHG emissions associated with the employee commute sector are provided in Table 26.
Table 26 Employee Commute GHG Emissions
GHG Emission Source
City
Employees
Emissions per City Employee
(MT CO2e/employee)1
Emissions (MT
CO2e)
Emission Source
Scope
Employee Commute 133 1.69956 226 Scope 3
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; Values may not add due to rounding
1. Calculated as follows from the employee survey and an emission factor for passenger VMT from EMFAC2021: 474,185 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 ∗
0.0003620
𝑀𝑇𝐶𝑂2𝑒
𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒 ÷ 101 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑒𝑠
Business Travel
Business travel results in Scope 3 GHG emissions from the mobile combustion of fossil fuels by passenger cars, trains, and airplanes for City employee’s work-related travel. Activity data in the form of VMT by mode type was provided by the City and emissions factors were sourced from 61 City of Camarillo. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (June 31, 2021). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/Public%20Works/water/Camarillo%202020%20UWMP.pdf City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
32 EMFAC2021 for passenger vehicles, the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report for train, and the BlueSkyModel for airplane.6263, 64 The GHG emission calculation details associated with business travel sector sources are provided below in Table 27.
Table 27 2021 Business Travel GHG Emissions Calculations GHG Emission Source Activity Data
(miles)
Emissions Factor (MT
CO2e/mile)
Emissions (MT CO2e) Emission Source
Scope
Passenger Car 19,721 0.0003620 7.14 Scope 3
Train 1,830 0.0001513 0.28 Scope 3
Airplane 19,786 0.0241767 478 Scope 3
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent 62 California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC) Model. Version 1.0.1. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/.
63 EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories (April 1st, 2022). Accessed November 4, 2022 at:
https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf. 64 The BlueSkyModel was used to determine the emissions factor of airplane business travel. Accessed November 7, 2022 at:
https://blueskymodel.org/air-mile#:~:text=On%20average%2C%20a%20plane%20produces,(CO2)%20per%20mile.
GHG Forecast
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 33 5 GHG Forecast
The City’s 2019 Community GHG Inventory establishes a baseline reference point; however, annual GHG emissions change over time. GHG emissions forecasts provide a way to estimate future emission levels based on population and job growth. Forecasts also account for State legislative actions that are anticipated to reduce GHG emissions. Calculating the difference between the forecasted GHG emissions and the reduction target determines the gap to be closed through local policies. This section includes an estimate of the future emissions for the City in the years 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045 in a business-as-usual scenario (BAU) forecast and an adjusted scenario (adjusted) forecast, which are defined as follows:
▪ Business-as-usual scenario- Provides a forecast of how future GHG emissions would change as population, housing, and job growth occurs and if current activities continued as they did in 2019 absent of any policies or legislation that would reduce local emissions. The BAU forecast is based on growth trends projected in population, housing, employment, and transportation activity over time, consistent with regional projections. ▪ Adjusted scenario- Provides a forecast of how currently adopted legislation would reduce GHG emissions from the business-as-usual scenario. The adjusted scenario represents the State’s contribution to reducing local GHG emissions to meet State goals without any additional contribution from local policies or actions.
5.1 Business-as-usual Forecast
Future GHG emissions for the BAU forecast were calculated using projected demographic data provided by Camarillo for the SCAG 2020 Connect SoCal RTP/SCS. On-road transportation GHG emissions and off-road equipment GHG emissions were also projected using modeled activity data from Fehr & Peers, EMFAC2021, and OFFROAD2021.65, 66, 67 The demographic metrics used to project activity data and associated growth factors for each forecasted GHG emission source are provided in Table 28 for each of the GHG emission sources in the 2019 Community GHG Inventory.
Detailed calculations for the BAU forecast are included in Attachment A.
65 Fehr & Peers. Memorandum on VMT Estimates for Camarillo Climate Action Plan (CAP) (August 4, 2022). 66 California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC) Model. Version 1.0.1. Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/
67 California Air Resource Board (CARB). Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Off-road (OFFROAD2021). Accessed November 8, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/mobile-source-emissions-inventory/msei-road-documentation-0.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
34 Table 28 GHG Emission Sources and Growth Factors for BAU Scenario Forecast GHG Emissions Source
Demographic
Projection Metric Growth Factor Value
Energy
Residential Electricity Households Electricity Consumption (kWh) per Household
9,852
Commercial Electricity1 Employment Electricity Consumption (kWh) per Job 9,105 Residential Natural Gas Households Natural Gas Consumption (therms) per Household
363
Non-residential Natural Gas Employment Natural Gas Consumption (therms) per Job 93 Electricity Transmission and
Distribution Losses (T&D
Losses)
N/A T&D Losses Factor (5.1%) applied to total
Electricity Consumption
N/A
Natural Gas Leakage N/A Leakage Factor (2.3%) applied to total Natural Gas Consumption
N/A
Transportation
On-Road Passenger N/A Annual VMT2 N/A
On-Road Commercial N/A Annual VMT2 N/A
On-Road Bus N/A Annual VMT3 N/A
Off-Road Equipment N/A Fuel usage obtained from OFFROAD2021. N/A Wastewater
Wastewater Process and
Fugitive Emissions
Service Population Wastewater Process and Fugitive
Emissions (MT CO2e) per Serviced Person
0.0215
Water
Water Consumption Service Population Electricity Consumption (kWh) per Serviced Population
5.16 Solid Waste
Solid Waste Disposal Service Population Solid Waste Emissions (MT CO2e) per Serviced Person
0.2283
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; kWh = kilowatt-hour; VMT = vehicle miles traveled; N/A = Not Applicable; Serviced Population = the combined total number of employees and residents in the City
1. Industrial emissions are regulated by CAP-and-Trade and processes are considered relatively stable. As such, it is anticipated that industrial processes, and associated emissions, are not impacting or driving regional job growth. Therefore, growth indicators are only applied to commercial electricity in the nonresidential sector while industrial emissions are held constant under the BAU scenario.
2. Annual VMT for passenger and commercial vehicles are calculated from average weekday VMT data provided by Fehr & Peers for the forecast years. Average weekday data is attributed to Camarillo using Community Protocol Method TR.1.A.1 and converted to annual VMT using CARB’s VMT annualization factor (i.e., 347 days per year).
3. Annual VMT for buses are calculated by applying a VMT bus share factor obtained from EMFAC2021 analysis to the calculated annual VMT for passenger and commercial vehicles.
The BAU forecast was calculated using the growth factors in Table 28, the demographic and projection metrics in Table 29, and the 2019 Community GHG Inventory emission factors. In the BAU forecast, GHG emissions are expected to increase through 2045.
GHG Forecast
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 35 Table 29 BAU Forecast Demographic and Projection Metrics by Forecast Year Demographics/
Sector
Data Source 2030 2035 2040 2045
Population SCAG 2018 Regional
Transportation Plan 74,388 75,240 75,667 76,093
Employment SCAG 2018 Regional
Transportation Plan 35,111 36,246 36,875 37,504
Households SCAG 2018 Regional
Transportation Plan 27,443 27,760 27,924 28,088
Service Population1 Calculated 109,499 111,486 112,542 113,597 On-Road Passenger VMT
(miles)2
Calculated from Fehr &
Peers data 506,583,446 ,593,690 533,604,282 546,614,526 On-Road Commercial VMT
(miles)2
Calculated from Fehr &
Peers data 53,584,955 58,758,378 63,931,801 69,104,877
On-Road Commercial VMT
(bus)3
Calculated from Fehr &
Peers data and
EMFAC2021
1,314,178 1,337,011 1,497,181 1,683,981
Off-road Diesel (gallons) OFFROAD2021 1,197,400 1,216,026 1,237,317 1,260,490 Off-road Gasoline (gallons) OFFROAD2021 2,338,840 2,444,272 2,551,522 2,681,154 Off-road Natural Gas
(gallons) OFFROAD2021 211,931 212,612 212,035 212,035
1. Service population is calculated as the combined total number of employees and residents in the City.
2. On-road passenger and commercial VMT are calculated from average weekday VMT data provided by Fehr & Peers for the forecast years. Average weekday data is attributed to Camarillo using Community Protocol Method TR.1.A.1 and converted to annual VMT using CARB’s VMT annualization factor (i.e., 347 days per year).
3. On-road bus VMT is calculated by applying a VMT bus share factor obtained from EMFAC2021 analysis to the calculated on-road passenger and commercial VMT.
A summary of the BAU forecast results by GHG emission sector is provided in Table 30.
Table 30 BAU Forecast Results Summary by Emission Sector (MT CO2e) GHG Emissions Sector 2030 2035 2040 2045
Energy 242,743 247,236 249,671 252,105
Transportation 254,704 265,395 276,341 287,366
Waste 24,994 25,448 25,689 25,930
Water 119 121 122 1123
Wastewater 2,357 2,400 2,423 2,446
Total 524,917 540,600 554,245 567,969
Change since 2019 7.0% 10.2% 12.9% 15.7%
Notes: all values are presented in MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
5.2 Adjusted Forecast
Several State regulations have been enacted that would reduce the City’s GHG emissions in 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045. The impact of these regulations was quantified and incorporated into the adjusted forecast to project future emissions changes once established State regulations have been City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
36 implemented. The State legislation included in the adjusted forecast result in GHG emission reductions associated with transportation, building efficiency, and renewable electricity. A brief description of each regulation and the methodology used to calculate associated reductions is provided in the following sections. For a description of why specific regulations were included or excluded, see Section 2
Transportation Legislation
GHG emissions from transportation were calculated using CARB’s EMFAC2021 model for Ventura County. Major regulations incorporated into CARB’s 2021 transportation model (EMFAC2021) include Advanced Clean Car Standards (e.g., LEV III, ZEV program), Senate Bill 1, and the Innovative Clean Transit regulation.68
The EMFAC2021 model integrates the estimated GHG emissions reductions into the mobile source emissions portion of the model.69 The degree to which GHG emissions from on-road transportation are anticipated to be reduced by California’s transportation legislation can be quantified as the difference between BAU transportation emissions and adjusted transportation emissions calculated using legislation reduced emissions factors for the target year.
Title 24
Building energy efficiency is determined based on anticipated energy savings in new construction resulting from improvements in heating, cooling, lighting, and water heating as required by Title 24 regulations. The CEC estimates that energy improvements in these utilities will result in 7% less natural gas usage for residential buildings, and a 53% reduction in residential electricity consumption due to increased implementation of rooftop solar. Nonresidential building electricity is estimated to reduce by 30% primarily due to lighting upgrades and is currently not estimated by the CEC to experience natural gas efficiency improvements due to lack of building standard requirements in this sector.70 Title 24 regulations were incorporated into the forecast by applying the estimated 53% electricity consumption and 7% natural gas consumption reductions in residential buildings for each inventory forecast year.71 The adjusted forecast assumes a similar 7% efficiency increase for residential propane use. As Title 24 does not cover process loads which represent the majority of industrial energy use and is regulated under Cap-and-Trade, the 30% anticipated electricity reductions for nonresidential buildings was only applied to commercial electricity in the forecast.
68 Estimated GHG emission reductions from the Advanced Clean Cars II regulation approved by CARB on August 25, 2022 is not incorporated into EMFAC2021 and thus excluded from the adjusted forecast. 69 Additional details are provided in CARB’s EMFAC2021 Technical Documentation, March 2021. (https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/emfac2021_volume_3_technical_document.pdf). Note that the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) regulation is excluded from EMFAC2021 because most of the emissions benefits due to the LCFS come from the production cycle (upstream emissions) of the fuel rather than the combustion cycle (tailpipe). As a result, LCFS is assumed to not have a significant impact on CO2 emissions from EMFAC’s tailpipe emission estimates. 70 California Energy Commission. 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Frequently Asked Questions. January 1, 2020. Accessed November 8, 2022 at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-03/Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ_ada.pdf 71 California Energy Commission. 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Frequently Asked Questions. January 1, 2020. Accessed November 8, 2022 at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-03/Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ_ada.pdf GHG Forecast
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 37 RPS, SB 100, and SB 1020
SCE and CPA currently provide electricity in the City and are subject to RPS requirements. SCE and CPA emission factors were projected through 2045 assuming compliance with the RPS requirements established by SB 100 and SB 1020.72 The forecasted emission factors were used to calculate weighted emission factors for the residential and nonresidential electricity sectors based on the proportion of electricity each provider supplies in the two sectors. The proportions were assumed to remain unchanged from current levels through 2045.73 The resulting weighted residential and nonresidential emissions factors are based on these proportions, and thereby reflect the RPS reductions for both SCE and CPA. As shown in Table 31, the RPS, SB 100, and SB 1020 requirements to reduce overall carbon intensity would reduce the community’s emissions compared to the BAU.
Table 31 Camarillo Forecasted RPS and Electricity Emission Factors Metric 2030 2035 2040 2045
RPS Requirements and Provider-Specific Emission
Factors
SCE Renewables Mix 60% 90% 95% 100%
SCE Emission Factor (MT CO2e/kWh) 0.0001709 0.0000427 0.0000214 0.00 CPA Residential Renewables Mix 60% 90% 95% 100%
CPA Residential Emission Factor (MT CO2e/kWh)1 0.0001095 0.0000274 0.0000137 0.00 CPA Nonresidential Renewables Mix 60% 90% 95% 100%
CPA Nonresidential Emission Factor (MT CO2e/kWh)1 0.0001075 0.0000269 0.0000134 0.00 Weighted Emission Factors
Weighted Residential Emission Factor 0.0001455 0.0000364 0.0000182 0.00 Weighted Nonresidential Emission Factor 0.0001492 0.0000373 0.0000187 0.00 Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; kWh = kilowatt hours
1. CPA-specific emission factors were weighted according to the portion of electricity usage in the residential and non-residential electricity sector from CPA’s three electricity services: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. The emissions factors are weighted using CPA’s 100% Green Power emissions factor of 0 MT CO2e/kwh, CPA’s Clean Power emissions factor of 0.0001639 MT CO2e/kwh, and CPA’s Lean Power emissions factor of 0.0002708 MT CO2e/kWh.
5.2.1 Legislative GHG Emission Reduction Contribution
Based emission reduction potential for each referenced piece of legislation, the City can expect significant help from these State regulations in meeting State GHG emission reduction goals. These GHG emissions reductions are primarily expected in the energy sector and transportation sectors. In the energy sector, Title 24 reductions were accounted for first, followed by California RPS reductions associated with SCE and CPA developments towards renewable electricity. The legislative emissions reductions for Title 24 and California RPS are known to be additive and were calculated separately
72 CPA provides three electricity services to the community: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. Since an average emission factor for CPA was not available, emission factors for each service and the proportion of electricity provided through each service were used to calculate CPA-specific emission factors for the residential and nonresidential sectors. 73 In 2019, SCE provided 59 percent of the community’s residential electricity and 66 percent of the community’s nonresidential electricity. CPA provides three electricity services to the community: 100% Green Power, Clean Power, and Lean Power. In 2019, CPA’s three services provided a total of 41 percent of the community’s residential electricity and 34 percent of the community’s nonresidential electricity.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
38 to avoid double counting. A summary of the reductions from the BAU forecast that can be expected under the adjusted forecast are provided in Table 32.
Table 32 Summary of Legislative GHG Emissions Reductions (MT CO2e) Legislation 2030 2035 2040 2045
California RPS 44,822 124,617 140,468 156,379
Title 24 2,571 3,687 4,290 4,893
Transportation Legislation (Pavley, Innovative Clean Transit, etc.) 47,017 64,084 75,391 83,836
Total 94,409 192,388 220,149 245,108
Notes: all values are presented in MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
5.2.2 Adjusted Forecast Results
In the adjusted forecast, the electricity sector experiences a strong downward trend, approaching zero in 2045 due to stringent RPS requirements from SB 100 and SB 1020. Natural gas emissions are expected to continue on an upward trajectory until 2045 due to housing and employment growth projections. This trend is partially offset due to the increasingly stringent efficiency requirements for new residential construction from Title 24. On-road transportation emissions are expected to decrease through 2045 due to existing fuel efficiency requirements, fleet turnover rates, and increasing vehicle electrification driven by the electric vehicle market. As most current regulations expire in 2025 or 2030, emissions standards will experience diminishing reductions while VMT continues to increase, leading to lower rates of emissions reduction in the on-road transportation sector. Off-road transportation emissions and wastewater emissions are projected to increase through 2045 while water emissions experience a downward trend to zero since the sector’s emissions are directly linked to emissions from electricity. A detailed summary of the projected GHG emissions under the adjusted forecast by sector and year through 2045 can be found in Table 33.
Table 33 Adjusted Forecast Results (MT CO2e)
GHG Emissions Source 2019 2030 2035 2040 2045
Residential Electricity 59,139 40,413 10,159 5,094 0
Non-residential Electricity 80,138 58,780 14,979 7,568 0 Residential Natural Gas 65,009 67,657 68,386 68,763 69,140 Non-residential Natural Gas 28,645 29,692 30,408 30,806 31,203 Energy Sector Total 232,931 196,421 123,903 112,216 100,343 On-road Passenger Vehicles 173,870 145,201 137,038 135,894 136,107 On-road Commercial Vehicles 43,343 46,297 43,829 42,170 42,085 On-road Buses 2,216 1,838 1,635 1,100 667
Off-road Equipment 12,080 13,320 13,939 14,593 15,285 Transportation Sector Total 231,509 206,656 196,441 193,758 194,144 Waste 23,903 24,994 25,448 25,689 25,930
Water 113 84 21 11 0
Wastewater 2,254 2,357 2,400 2,423 2,446
Total GHG Emissions 490,711 430,508 348,212 334,096 322,862 Notes: all values are presented in MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; values may not add due to rounding Provisional GHG Reduction Targets
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 39 6 Provisional GHG Reduction Targets
GHG reduction targets are used for climate action planning to establish measurable metrics intended to guide the community’s commitment to achieve GHG emissions reductions and help gauge progress on reducing emissions over time. GHG emission targets are developed relative to a baseline emission level. California has established statewide GHG emissions reduction goals for 2030 and 2045. CARB’s 2017 Scoping Plan recommends that local agencies provide their fair share GHG reduction to achieve the State’s goals. Thus, local agencies are recommended to establish equivalent reduction targets at the local level by establishing community wide GHG reduction goals for climate action that will help California achieve its 2030 and 2045 goals.
CARB has issued several guidance documents concerning the establishment of GHG emission reduction targets for CAP’s to comply with legislated GHG emissions reductions goals and California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines (CEQA) § 15183.5(b). For example, in the first California Climate Change Scoping Plan,74 CARB encouraged local governments to adopt an evidence based GHG reduction target for community emissions that are based on local emissions sectors and population projections that parallel the State commitment to reduce GHG emissions. In 2016, the State adopted SB 32, mandating a reduction of GHG emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and AB 1279 establishes a State goal of carbon neutrality by 2045 through a reduction of anthropogenic GHG emissions by 85 percent below 1990 levels. Pursuant to the Scoping Plan Update’s recommendations, the community GHG reduction targets will be developed based on local levels of GHG emissions that would be proportional to the statewide goals, relative to 1990.
6.1 1990 Back-cast
The City does not have a 1990 GHG inventory from which to develop GHG reduction targets consistent with SB 32 and AB 1279, however, 1990 GHG emissions can be estimated for the community relative to the City’s updated 2019 inventory using a state-level emissions change metric.
The City’s 1990 GHG emissions have been calculated using the State’s 2019 GHG emissions inventory as compared to the State’s GHG emissions inventory in 1990 to calculate specific percent reduction in the City between 2019 and 1990. This approach assumes that the City’s community GHG emissions have generally tracked with the State’s GHG emissions. The calculation is developed using the published State-wide emissions results from CARB, after removing emissions from sectors not included in the County’s inventory (i.e., agricultural process emissions75 industrial process emissions, and high GWP sectors). The 1990 back-cast for the City is shown in Table 34.
74 2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/document/adopted_scoping_plan.pdf 75 Agricultural process emissions include GHG emissions associated with various processes such as fertilizer application, residue burning, soil management, and manure management. These emissions sources are accounted for in an agricultural GHG inventory which is considered an optional sector for inclusion in Community inventories and is not currently included in the City’s 2019 Community GHG Inventory scope.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
40 Table 34 1990 Back-cast
1990 Back-cast Calculations
2019 Statewide GHG Emissions (MMT CO2e) 280.19
1990 Statewide GHG Emissions (MMT CO2e) 309.60
2019 to 1990 Statewide GHG Emissions Change (%) 10.49%
2019 City GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) 490,711
1990 City GHG Emissions Back-cast (MT CO2e) 542,211
1990 City Population1 52,100
1990 City Per Capita GHG Emissions Back-cast (MT CO2e/person) 10.41
1. 1990 City population data from the State of California Department of Finance. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/Demographics/estimates/e-4-population-estimates-for-california-cities-and-counties-january-1-1981- to-january-1-1990/
Provisional Climate Action Targets
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 41 7 Provisional Climate Action Targets
GHG reduction targets can be set as either an efficiency target (MT CO2e per capita) or as a community-wide mass emissions target (total MT CO2e). With CARB’s 2017 Scoping Plan Update, the State recommends using efficiency metrics for local targets to not penalize cities which are growing at significant rates.76 Efficiency metrics continue to be used and are recommended in the 2022 Scoping Plan.
7.1 GHG Emissions Reduction Target Setting
Target setting is an iterative process which must be informed by the reductions that can realistically be achieved through the development of feasible GHG reduction measures. As such, the targets identified herein should remain provisional until the quantification and analysis of potential GHG reduction measures has been completed. The purpose of target setting is to develop the trajectory toward achieving the State’s 2030 goal and prepare for the deep decarbonization needed by 2045 in a cost-effective manner by setting an incremental path toward achieving the AB 1279 goals. CARB guidance is for jurisdictions to first strive to exceed the SB 32 targets of reducing GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels, while establishing a policy framework to work towards the long-term target of carbon neutrality by 2045. With GHG emission reduction targets in place, the reduction gap that the City will be responsible for through local action can be calculated. The City’s future CAP will assess the GHG reduction gap based on the difference between the adjusted forecast, discussed previously, and the established GHG reduction targets. Table 35 provides a summary of the GHG emission reduction targets and gap in both mass emissions and per capita emissions metrics. The per capita targets are calculated by dividing forecasted GHG emissions by the expected City population in each target year.
76 California Air Resources Board. 2017. California’s Climate Change Scoping Plan, p. 99-102.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
42 Table 35 GHG Emission Reduction Targets and Gap Analysis Emissions Forecast or
Pathway 2019 2030 2035 2040 2045
Mass Emissions Target Pathway Scenario
Adjusted Forecast (MT CO2e) 490,710 430,508 348,212 334,096 322,862 SB 32 & AB 1279 Mass
Emissions Target Pathway
(MT CO2e)1
490,710 325,326 216,884 108,442 0
Remaining Emissions Gap (MT
CO2e)
0 105,182 131,328 225,654 322,862
Per Capita Emissions Target Pathway Scenario
Population 71,267 74,388 75,240 75,667 76,093
Per Capita Adjusted Forecast
(MT CO2e/person)
6.89 5.79 4.63 4.42 4.24
SB 32 & AB 1279 Per Capita
Target Pathway (MT
CO2e/person)2
6.89 4.37 2.88 1.43 0.00
Remaining Per Capita
Emissions Gap (MT
CO2e/person)
0.00 1.41 1.75 2.98 4.24
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Emissions have been rounded to the nearest whole number and therefore sums may not match.
1. The target pathway is calculated by reducing 1990 mass emissions by 40% in 2030 and by 85% in 2045. This provisional target pathway is consistent with both SB 32 and a trajectory set forth to achieve AB 1279.
2. The target pathway is calculated by dividing the mass emissions of the SB 32 and AB 1279 Pathway by the forecasted population.
This provisional target pathway is consistent with both SB 32 and a trajectory set forth to achieve AB 1279.
According to the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP), the feasibility of achieving substantial reductions through local action only is questionable given limitations on local municipality authority. The AEP also states that no city or county is completely autonomous in matters of energy and transportation systems; and notes that a municipality can influence certain matters; however, many decisions about the electricity and transportation systems are under the control of the State and federal government, and/or are controlled by market determinations.
Achieving the established target will require major shifts in how communities within California obtain and use energy, transport themselves and goods, and how the population lives and builds.
These transformations would require implementation across all levels of the economy, not just what local jurisdictions have authority over. As such, placing the burden predominantly on local jurisdictions would thus be highly disproportional, costly, and potentially subject to litigation.77 Establishing a minimum 2030 target of 4.37 MT CO2e per person, or 325,326 MT CO2e per year, for 2030 (the SB 32 target year) and a long-term target of 0 MT CO2e per person, or carbon neutrality, for 2045 will demonstrate the City’s commitment to aligning with State goals. The 2030 target will maintain compliance with SB 32, as well as align with the AB 1279 emissions reduction trajectory.
However, as noted at the beginning of this memorandum, the long-term reduction targets are provisional and may need to be adjusted based on the reductions that can realistically be achieved
77 AEP. Beyond Newhall and 2020: A Field Guide to New CEQA Greenhouse Gas Thresholds and Climate Action Plan Targets in California.
October 2016.
Provisional Climate Action Targets
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 43 from feasible GHG reduction measures that will be identified during the climate action planning process. The intent of the future CAP will be to demonstrate substantial progress toward the long- term State reduction targets. New opportunities are anticipated to emerge that could yield additional reductions beyond those identified in the City’s future CAP. Another phase of local climate action planning will be needed to continue and expand the actions in the future CAP and to explore new strategies to meet the 2045 GHG reduction target. Figure 2 provides a visual representation of future GHG emissions, with the impacts of State legislation and the remaining gap Camarillo will be responsible for the meet the GHG emission reduction targets.
Figure 2 GHG Emissions Forecast and Provisional Target Pathways (Mass Emissions)
7.2 Meeting the Targets
The 2030 and 2045 targets identified above will be achieved through a combination of existing State measures and the implementation of local measures that will be identified in the City’s CAP. Local measures will be identified through a comprehensive assessment of existing local and regional policies, programs, and actions and by assessing any gaps and identifying additional opportunities.
Additional measures will be developed from best practices of other similar and neighboring jurisdictions, as well as those recommended by organizations and agencies, such as the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, the Office of Planning and Research, CARB’s Scoping Plan Updates, and AEP.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
44 8 References
Alvarez, Ramón et al. 2018. Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain. Science. 361. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aar7204.
Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP). 2016. Beyond Newhall and 2020: A Field Guide to New CEQA Greenhouse Gas Thresholds and Climate Action Plan Targets in California. https://califaep.org/docs/AEP-2016_Final_White_Paper.pdf California Air Resources Board (CARB) et al. 2010. Local Government Operations Protocol: For the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions inventories Version 1.1. https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/protocols/localgov/pubs/lgo_protocol_v1_1_2010-05-03.pdf.
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2008. 2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan. https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/document/adopted_scoping_plan.pdf California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2008. Climate Change Draft Scoping Plan Measure Documentation Supplement.
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/document/measure_docu mentation.pdf
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2008. Climate Change Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change.
ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic//cc/scopingplan/document/adopted_scoping_pla n.pdf
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2011. Facts About the Advanced Clean Cars Program. http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/factsheets/advanced_clean_cars_eng.pdf California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2013. Clean Car Standards – Pavley, Assembly Bill 1493. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccms/ccms.htm
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2017. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan, p. 99- 102.
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2017. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2019. Innovative Clean Transit Regulation. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-10/ictfro-Clean- Final_0.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2021. EMFAC2021 Volume I – User’s Guide. Accessed. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-
01/EMFAC202x_Users_Guide_01112021_final.pdf
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2021. Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Off-road (OFFROAD2021). https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/mobile-source-emissions- inventory/msei-road-documentation-0.
References
Greenhouse Gas Analysis, Forecast, and Targets Report 45 California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2022. 2022 Scoping Plan Documents. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ab-32-climate-change-scoping-plan/2022- scoping-plan-documents
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2022. Frequently Asked Questions – California’s 2022 Climate Scoping Plan. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022- 06/2022_Scoping_Plan_FAQ_6.21.22.pdf
California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2023. 2021 EMission FACtor (EMFAC) Model. Version 1.0.1. https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/.
California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). 2023. California’s Short- Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy. https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/ California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). 2023. Food Recovery Questions and Answers.
https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/faq/foodrecovery/#:~:text=SB%201383%20requires %20the%20state,for%20individual%20jurisdictions%20to%20achieve.
California Energy Commission (CEC). 2020. 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Frequently Asked Questions. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020- 03/Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ_ada.pdf
Calleguas Municipal Water District. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. https://www.calleguas.com/cmwdfinal2020uwmp.pdf.
Camarillo Sanitary District. 2021. Climate Changes Effects Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation Plan (Climate Change Plan). Provided by the City via email on July 1, 2022.
City of Camarillo. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/Public%20Works/water/Camarillo% 202020%20UWMP.pdf
City of Camarillo. 2022. 2021 General Plan Annual Progress Report. https://cms7files.revize.com/camarilloca/Departments/Community%20Development/Gene ral%20Plan/2021%20GPA%20Report%20w_attachments.pdf
Edison International. 2020. 2020 Sustainability Report. https://www.edison.com/content/dam/eix/documents/sustainability/eix-2020- sustainability-report-goals-summary.pdf.
Environmental Defense Fund. USER GUIDE FOR NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE MODELING TOOL. https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/US-Natural-Gas-Leakage-Model-User-Guide.pdf.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2012. EPA AP-42 –EPA Emission Factor Database, Chapter
2.4 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (1998) WARM—Exhibit 6. http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/pdfs/Landfilling.pdf Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2022. Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/ghg_emission_factors_hub.pdf.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2023. Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) Data Explorer. https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data-explorer.
Fehr & Peers. 2022. Memorandum on VMT Estimates for Camarillo Climate Action Plan (CAP).
Provided via email on August 4, 2022.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
46 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2014. AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI). 2019. U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://icleiusa.org/ghg- protocols/.
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 2020. Demographics and Growth Forecast.
September 2020. https://www.mwdh2o.com/media/19043/demographics-and-growth- forecast-technical-report.pdf
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 2022. 2018 Regional Transportation Plan demographic data. Provided by the City via email on July 1, 2022 State of California Department of Finance. 2021. Reports E-4. https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/Demographics/estimates/
The BlueSkyModel. 2023. 1 Air Mile, Airlines. https://blueskymodel.org/air- mile#:~:text=On%20average%2C%20a%20plane%20produces,(CO2)%20per%20mile.
The Climate Registry (CRIS). 2023. CRIS Public Reports: Utility-Specific Emission Factors. https://theclimateregistry.org/registries-resources/carbon-footprint-registry/ Ventura County Regional Climate Alliance (VCREA). 2015. Climate on the Move. https://www.vcenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate_on_the_Move_Final.pdf Ventura County. 2020. 2040 General Plan Agricultural Element. https://docs.vcrma.org/images/pdf/planning/plans/Final_2040_General_Plan_docs/VCGPU _08_Ag_Element_2020_09_15_web.pdf
Appendix D
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
Common Sense Exemption Report
prepared for
City of Camarillo
601 Carmen Drive
Camarillo, California 93010 Contact: Jaclyn Lee, AICP,
Planning Manager
prepared by
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
180 N Ashwood Avenue
Ventura, California 93003
April 2026
Table of Contents
Common Sense Exemption Report i
Table of Contents
CEQA Exemption Summary .................................................................................................................... 1 Environmental Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5 Proposed Plan Title ......................................................................................................................... 5 Lead Agency/Plan Sponsor and Contact ......................................................................................... 5 Plan Location and Physical Setting ................................................................................................. 5 General Plan Designation and Zoning ............................................................................................. 8 Description of Plan .......................................................................................................................... 9 Required Approvals ......................................................................................................................23 Environmental Factors Potentially Affected .........................................................................................25 Determination ......................................................................................................................................25 Environmental Checklist .......................................................................................................................27 1 Aesthetics and Scenic Resources ......................................................................................27 2 Agricultural Resources ......................................................................................................31 3 Air Quality .........................................................................................................................33 4 Biological Resources ..........................................................................................................36 5 Cultural Resources and Tribal Cultural Resources ............................................................40 6 Energy ...............................................................................................................................44 7 Geology and Soils ..............................................................................................................46 8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...............................................................................................52 9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials ....................................................................................54 10 Hydrology and Water Quality ...........................................................................................59 11 Land Use and Planning ......................................................................................................64 12 Mineral Resources ............................................................................................................66 13 Noise .................................................................................................................................67 14 Population and Housing ....................................................................................................70 15 Public Services and Recreation .........................................................................................72 16 Transportation ..................................................................................................................75 17 Utilities and Service Systems ............................................................................................77 18 Wildfire..............................................................................................................................81 19 Mandatory Findings of Significance ..................................................................................83 List of Preparers ....................................................................................................................................85 City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
ii
Tables
Table 1 Camarillo 2019 Communitywide GHG Emissions Levels ...................................................10 Table 2 Camarillo CAP Measures and Actions ...............................................................................11 Table 3 Camarillo GHG Emissions Forecasts (MT CO2e) ................................................................23 Table 4 Population and Housing Stock for Camarillo ....................................................................70 Figures
Figure 1 Regional Location ................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 2 Plan Location ....................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 3 Camarillo GHG Emissions Projections and Targets ...........................................................23 Appendices
Attachment A Sources, Health Effects, and Typical Controls Associated with Criteria Pollutants
Attachment B Description of Greenhouse Gases of California Concern
CEQA Exemption Summary
Common Sense Exemption Report 1
CEQA Exemption Summary
This report provides analysis to support the determination by the City of Camarillo (the lead agency, referred to as “City” or “Camarillo”) that the proposed Camarillo Climate Action Plan (CAP) is exempt from CEQA pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3) (“general rule” or “common sense”) and of Title 14, Article 18, 15062 of the California Code of Regulations (statutory).
The following analysis shows that (where the CAP falls within the sphere of the general rule or common sense rule, CEQA applies only to development that has the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment, and it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment), the CAP is not subject to CEQA. Although the City concludes that the is exempt under the common sense exemption, not a categorical exemption, for information purposes the following evaluation also discusses whether the project meets any of the criteria for exceptions to categorical exemptions.
Project Background
The City has developed the CAP in order to achieve several objectives, including reducing GHG emissions, improving quality of life and public health, and enhancing community resilience and adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The CAP establishes targets for reducing GHG emissions by 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045. The CAP also provides a foundation for future sustainable development efforts in Camarillo. It is anticipated that environmental documents for future development projects would identify and incorporate applicable GHG reduction strategies and actions from the CAP.
The CAP addresses communitywide GHG emissions and includes a discrete target for Camarillo to reach an annual level of total mass emissions of 325,326 MT of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030.
This corresponds to a 40 percent reduction in communitywide GHG emissions below 1990 levels, consistent with the California Senate Bill 32 goal for 2030 to reduce total GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels. The CAP also includes a target of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045, consistent with the Assembly Bill 1279 goal.
Based on the conducted GHG emissions forecasts, the CAP includes strategies, measures, and actions to make progress towards achieving the Camarillo 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045 targets. The CAP strategies for GHG emissions reductions include five broad categories: Building Energy; Mobility and Land Use; Solid Waste; Water and Wastewater; and Carbon Sequestration. Across these GHG emissions strategies, 17 measures, each with implementation actions, are identified. A full description of the CAP, including the list of measures and actions, is included under Environmental Assessment, below.
Exemption Analysis
In order to determine if the CAP is exempt, potential CEQA exemptions were reviewed that may apply. The following analysis reviews whether the CAP can be considered exempt from CEQA.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
2 Categorical Exemption
Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15354, “Categorical Exemption” means an exemption from CEQA for a class of projects based on a finding by the Secretary for Resources that the class of projects does not have a significant effect on the environment.
CEQA Guidelines Sections 15300.2(a) through (f) list specific exceptions for which a Categorical Exemption may not be used. These exceptions are as follows:
a. Location. Classes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11 are qualified by consideration of where a plan or project is to be located— a plan or project that would ordinarily be insignificant in its impact on the environment may in a particularly sensitive environment be significant. Therefore, these classes are considered to apply in all instances, except where the plan or project may impact an environmental resource of hazardous or critical concern where designated, precisely mapped, and officially adopted pursuant to law by federal, state, or local agencies.
The CAP involves the adoption of policy documents to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions. This policy document does not in and of itself propose projects or development. Future infrastructure and projects promoted by the CAP would be subject to State and local regulations regarding environmental resources and project-specific development review to enforce compliance with development standards and conditions of approval, which may include environmental review. As such, the CAP does not identify individual development sites and, therefore, would not impact an environmental resource of hazardous or critical concern. The CAP does not trigger this exception.
b. Cumulative Impact. All exemptions for these classes are inapplicable when the cumulative impact of successive projects of the same type in the same place, over time is significant.
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose projects or development. While other climate action plans are also occurring in the region, each climate action plan applies to a specific jurisdiction and does not overlap geographically. Because the CAP does not involve or approve physical development, the proposed plan would not result in impacts that are cumulatively considerable. In addition, through the City’s development review process, future CAP-related projects would be evaluated for potential cumulative impacts and for consistency with all applicable policies of the City’s General Plan, Zoning Ordinance, and other federal, State, or local requirements that may apply to a future development or infrastructure project. Through this development review process, potential cumulative impacts to various natural and human-made resources would be evaluated. Therefore, implementation of the CAP would not contribute to significant cumulative impacts, and the proposed plan does not trigger this exception. c. Significant Effect. A categorical exemption shall not be used for an activity where there is a reasonable possibility that the activity will have a significant effect on the environment due to unusual circumstances.
Due to the absence of unusual circumstances related to the plan area, the CAP would not have a reasonable possibility for a significant effect on the environment due to unusual circumstances and this exception does not apply.
d. Scenic Highways. A categorical exemption shall not be used for a plan or project that may result in damage to scenic resources, including but not limited to, trees, historic buildings, rock outcroppings, or similar resources, within a highway officially designated as a State scenic highway. This does not apply to improvements that are required as mitigation by an adopted negative declaration or certified EIR.
CEQA Exemption Summary
Common Sense Exemption Report 3
The US 101 is an eligible scenic highway that runs through the city; however, it is not officially designated. The closest officially designated scenic highway is State Route (SR) 33 located in Los Padres National Forest, approximately 23 miles northwest of Camarillo.1 While there is an eligible scenic highway that bisects the city, the CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Additionally, proposed future projects related to the CAP would need to comply with General Plan design guidelines within the heritage zone buffer on either side of US 101. Thus, the CAP would result in no impact related to scenic highways. e. Hazardous Waste Sites. A categorical exemption shall not be used for a plan or project located on a site that is included on any list compiled pursuant to Section 65962.5 of the Government Code.
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose projects or development. The CAP does not include specific infrastructure or development projects. Because specific projects are not proposed at this time, the City cannot assess the specific impacts of development or infrastructure on sites included on any list compiled pursuant to Section 65962.5 of the Government Code. Future CAP-related projects would be subject to State and local regulations regarding the treatment of hazardous materials and project-specific development review to enforce compliance with development standards and conditions of approval, which may include environmental review. The CAP does not trigger this exception.
f. Historical Resources. A categorical exemption shall not be used for a plan or project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource.
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose projects or development. The CAP does not include specific infrastructure or development projects. Because specific projects are not proposed at this time, the City cannot assess the specific impacts of development or infrastructure on historical resources. Future CAP-related projects would be subject to the State and local regulations regarding the treatment of historical resources, and project-specific development review to enforce compliance with development standards and conditions of approval, which may include environmental review. The CAP does not trigger this exception.
Common Sense Exemption
Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3), also known as the “general rule” or “common sense” exemption, CEQA exempts activities that can be seen with certainty to have no possibility for causing a significant effect on the environment. CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3) states that “A project is exempt from CEQA if…[t]he activity is covered by common sense exemption that CEQA applies only to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment.
Where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment, the activity is not subject to CEQA.” Whether a particular activity qualifies for the common sense exemption is a question of fact that is supported by substantial evidence submitted in connection with the project (CREED-21 v. City of San Diego (2015) 234 Cal.App.4th 488, 510). The analysis must identify reasonably foreseeable physical changes and consider any environmental impacts that may result from those changes (Wal–Mart
1 California Department of Transportation. 2025. California State Scenic Highway System Map. Available:
https://caltrans.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=465dfd3d807c46cc8e8057116f1aacaa. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
4 Stores, Inc. v. City of Turlock (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 273, 291; Muzzy Ranch Co. v. Solano County Airport Land Use Com. (2007) 41 Cal.4th 372, 386).
The proposed project involves adoption of a policy document to reduce GHG emissions, improve quality of life and public health, and enhance community resilience and adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The CAP does not in and of itself include any proposed projects or development.
The CAP does not propose or approve any physical development and would not result in changes to the physical environment, nor would it result in potential environmental impacts. Furthermore, to provide adequate factual support for the common sense exemption, an Environmental Assessment has been completed analyzing each area of potential CEQA Guidelines Appendix G impact. The Environmental Assessment determined that there would be no significant environmental impacts that would result from implementation of the CAP. As shown below under Environmental Assessment, the proposed plan meets the criteria for the common sense exemption as identified above.
Determination
Based on this analysis, the proposed CAP meets the criteria for a common sense exemption pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines. Furthermore, exceptions to the applicability of a categorical exemption, as specified in Section 15300.2(a) through (f) of the CEQA Guidelines, do not apply. Therefore, the City concludes that the CAP is exempt from CEQA pursuant to the common sense exemption under CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3).
Environmental Assessment
Common Sense Exemption Report 5
Environmental Assessment
Proposed Plan Title
Camarillo Climate Action Plan (CAP)
Lead Agency/Plan Sponsor and Contact
City of Camarillo
601 Carmen Drive
Camarillo, California 93010
Contact: Jaclyn Lee, AICP, Planning Manager
(805) 383-5616
[email protected]
Plan Location and Physical Setting
The Camarillo CAP would apply to all areas, plans, and projects within the City of Camarillo (Camarillo or City) limits. Figure 1 shows the regional location, and Figure 2 shows the plan location.
Regional Location and Setting
Camarillo is approximately 20 square miles and located in Ventura County, California. Camarillo is situated approximately 40 miles southeast of Santa Barbara and 45 miles northwest of Los Angeles.
Camarillo is bordered by the Camarillo Hills and the unincorporated community of Somis on the north; agricultural land on the west (with the City of Oxnard located beyond); agricultural land on the south; the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains in the Camarillo Springs and Conejo Pass areas to its southeast; and agricultural land and hillsides in and bordering the Santa Rosa Valley to the northeast. The city is located at the northeastern edge of the Oxnard Plain, an alluvial plain that covers over 200 square miles in the southern portion of Ventura County. Much of the city is on relatively flat land that gradually slopes up to the Camarillo Hills and other hillside areas, but some areas of the city are in the hills themselves. Several drainages traverse the city, including Conejo Creek and Calleguas Creek. The western edge of the city is located about seven miles from the Pacific Ocean.2
2 Camarillo, City of. 2021. City of Camarillo 2021-2029 Housing Element Draft Initial Study –Negative Declaration. Available:
https://files.ceqanet.lci.ca.gov/271685-1/attachment/S8qd37d4xR4gVmR3v0MJ3HLJdayzWDQOEFlLK93ICgcZXUO1eANByMiUY0ftN5- 0uGu1Qb2ZevOWj85e0 (accessed September 2025).
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
6 Figure 1 Regional Location
Environmental Assessment
Common Sense Exemption Report 7
Figure 2 Plan Location
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
8 Camarillo is bisected by the United States (US) 101 and SR 34 freeways. SR 118 and SR 1 are located just north and west of the city, respectively. These freeways provide regional access to the city.
Camarillo is also served by local, county and regional public transit facilities, including Camarillo Area Transit, Camarillo Trolley Service, Ventura County Transportation Commission (VCTC) Intercity, and Metrolink. There is one Metrolink station located at the intersection of the US 101 and SR 34 freeways.3 In addition, nearby airports include the Camarillo Airport and Ventura County Aviation Unit.
Local Setting
Camarillo is the fifth most populous city in Ventura County, with a population of 69,467 in 2025 according to the California Department of Finance (DOF).4 Nearly all properties in Camarillo are developed. In the sixth cycle Housing Element Update, 19,000 sites were considered for housing, with only 106, roughly six percent, being vacant. Camarillo is primarily characterized by residential development, with neighborhoods composed of single-family homes, townhomes, and apartments.
Commercial and office uses are concentrated along major corridors like Ventura Boulevard and Las Posas Road, while industrial areas are mainly located near Camarillo Airport. The city also includes substantial parks, open spaces, and public facilities such as trails and schools. Agricultural lands and greenbelts surround the southern and eastern edges, preserving rural character and limiting urban sprawl.
Camarillo has a Mediterranean climate and its proximity to the ocean helps to produce moderate temperatures year-round, with rainfall concentrated in the winter months. Ocean breezes cool the region in the summer and warm it in the winter. Average daytime summer temperatures in the area are usually in the high 70s to 80s (Fahrenheit). Nighttime low temperatures during the summer are typically in the high 50s to low 60s, while the winter high temperature tends to be in the 60s.
Characteristic of Camarillo’s mild Mediterranean climate, the winter low temperatures are in the 40s. Annual average rainfall in Camarillo is about 16 inches.5 The region is subject to various natural hazards, including earthquakes, landslides, flooding, and wildfires.
General Plan Designation and Zoning
The CAP would be implemented throughout the city and would apply to all General Plan designations and in all zoning designations.
3 Metrolink. 2025. Find the Nearest Station. Available: https://metrolinktrains.com/rider-info/general-info/stations/ (accessed September 2025).
4 California Department of Finance (DOF). 2025. E-5 Population and Housing Estimates. Available:
https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-5-population-and-housing-estimates-for-cities-counties-and-the-state-2020- 2025/ (accessed September 2025).
5 Camarillo, City of. 2004. General Plan Background. Available:
https://www.ci.camarillo.ca.us/Departments/Community%20Development/General%20Plan/02%20Background%20Element.pdf (accessed September 2025).
Environmental Assessment
Common Sense Exemption Report 9
Description of Plan
Camarillo has developed the CAP in order to achieve a resilient and sustainable community and support regional, State, and global climate goals through achieving the Camarillo’s 2030 and 2045 climate action targets. The CAP seeks to achieve several future targets, including reducing GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and putting Camarillo on a trajectory to meet the State goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045. The CAP is also intended to provide a framework through its actions for a safer future and enhanced quality of life for the community, new economic opportunities through green jobs, and enhanced social equity and citizen engagement on the issue of climate change. The CAP provides a foundation for future sustainable development efforts in Camarillo. It is anticipated that environmental review documents for future development projects would identify and incorporate applicable GHG reduction measures and actions from the Plan.
The CAP addresses communitywide GHG emissions and includes a discrete target for Camarillo to reach maximum annual emissions of 325,326 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e) by 2030. The CAP includes a 2019 communitywide GHG emissions inventory, contains a list of strategies, measures, and actions to achieve Camarillo’s sustainability goals, and focuses on actions through 2030 for purposes of meeting the City’s 2030 GHG emissions target.
The 2019 GHG emissions inventory provides the basis for emissions forecasts for the years 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045. Consistent with State guidance, the community GHG emissions inventory was prepared using the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of GHG Emissions. In 2019, Camarillo’s total GHG emissions were estimated to be 490,710 MT CO2e. GHG emissions in the inventory are categorized based on sectors. These sectors include energy, transportation, waste, water, and wastewater that Camarillo has geo-political control over. Table 1 provides a summary of Camarillo’s 2019 GHG emissions by sector, as well as each sector’s percentage of communitywide emissions. As shown therein, the largest GHG emissions are related to transportation and building energy use.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
10 Table 1 Camarillo 2019 Communitywide GHG Emissions Levels GHG Emissions Sector GHG Emissions Subsector GHG Emissions (MT CO2e) Percent of Total Emissions Energy Residential Electricity 59,139 12%
Nonresidential Electricity 80,137 16%
Residential Natural Gas 65,009 13%
Nonresidential Natural Gas 28,645 6%
Total 232,930 47%
Transportation Passenger Vehicles 173,870 35%
Commercial Vehicles 43,343 9%
Buses 2,216 <1%
Off-road Equipment 12,080 2%
Total 231,509 47%
Waste Waste Generation 23,904 5%
Water Water Conveyance, Treatment,
and Distribution 113 <1%
Wastewater Wastewater Treatment 2,254 <1%
Total Emissions 490,710 100%
MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
Source: City of Camarillo. 2026. Final Climate Action Plan.
The CAP includes a business-as-usual (BAU) forecast and an adjusted forecast of GHG emissions, based on the 2019 inventory, that enables Camarillo to estimate the emissions reductions required to meet its communitywide reduction targets.
The CAP is organized into strategies, each of which includes measures and actions. These strategies focus on building energy, mobility and land use, solid waste, water and wastewater, and carbon sequestration. Table 2 includes a complete list of the strategies, measures, and actions established by the Plan.
Environmental Assessment
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Table 2 Camarillo CAP Measures and Actions
Measure/Action ID Measure/Action Text
Strategy: Cornerstone
Cornerstone 1 Create a comprehensive Safe Pathways program to foster safe and connected active transportation networks throughout the community.
Cornerstone 1.a Conduct an analysis of existing bicycle and pedestrian conditions along routes to schools, parks, highly visited shopping centers, and community centers prior to the development of the Safe Pathways Plan. The analysis will include factors such as access to bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure with a focus on identifying existing inequalities (e.g., neighborhoods currently disconnected from schools due to freeways and other busy roads).
Cornerstone 1.b Develop and implement a Safe Pathways Plan focused on creating safe and connected active transportation networks throughout the City with connectivity to schools, parks, and community centers. The plan shall include:
▪ A prioritized list and implementation schedule of bikeways to install along routes including shared-use paths, buffered bike lanes, bike boulevards, and separated bikeways.
▪ Analysis of underutilized roadways that can potentially be converted into dedicated active transportation routes.
▪ Investigation of bicycle parking infrastructure improvements, as well as equipment repair infrastructure at schools and recreational locations along routes.
▪ A schedule for reducing vehicle speed limits at prioritized locations. ▪ Available funding sources for infrastructure buildout.
Cornerstone 1.c Dedicate staff time to identifying and pursuing funding for the development of the Safe Pathways Plan and planned infrastructure build-out from several State programs (e.g., Caltrans Active Transportation Program, Caltrans Highway Safety Improvement Program, California Office of Traffic Safety).
Cornerstone 1.d Partner with community-based organizations with connections to historically marginalized community members to directly engage historically marginalized community members in the development of the Safe Pathways Plan to identify and address existing conditions, equity impacts, and implementation concerns (e.g., work schedules may not permit parents to accompany students to/from school, barrier to purchasing/maintaining bicycles and appropriate safety equipment).
Cornerstone 1.e Provide regular project updates to the community via various modes of communication to explain the benefits of safe pathways for all community members and what safe pathways mean in the City of Camarillo. Host a series of listening sessions for community members to discuss challenges with the Safe Pathways Plan, allowing the City to address those concerns and implement necessary improvements. Throughout the process, provide clear opportunities and examples of how community members can participate in the planning and implementation process, including what they can do at home and in their communities.
Cornerstone 1.f Partner with the Camarillo Police Department, Pleasant Valley School District, California State University, Channel Islands, youth sports leagues, and/or community groups such as Bike Ventura County to conduct traffic safety workshops, establish walking school buses, and create designated carpool drop-off/pick-up zones to support the implementation of the Safe Pathways Plan.
Strategy: Building Energy
Building Energy 1 Reduce CPA 100% Green Power opt-out rates to 10% by 2030 and maintain through 2040.
Building Energy 1.a Work with CPA to conduct an annual analysis of opt-out rates in the community and expand the research to understand the community’s concerns with switching to 100% renewable electricity. Include targeted outreach to residents living on low and moderate incomes, vulnerable communities, and emergency buildings. Additionally, conduct analysis to City of Camarillo
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understand the potential costs associated with switching to 100% Green Power to understand potential cost differences.
Building Energy 1.b Expand the partnership with CPA to conduct more robust educational campaigns, including tabling at community events, establishing informational resources on the City's website, regularly posting on social media, and developing energy bill inserts, to highlight the benefits of renewable energy and promote the available incentives. Include targeted outreach to convert SCE direct access customers to CPA. Additionally, provide educational resources and guidance to the community to support comprehension of energy bills and promote participation in CPA programs.
Building Energy 1.c Work with CPA to create the funding and subsidy plan/program for customers enrolled in the CARE or FERA programs to opt-up to CPA’s 100% Green Power option. This may include subsidizing costs to customers who participate in CARE/FERA programs through non- discounted customer rate increase or obtainment of funding for vulnerable communities.
Building Energy 1.d Partner with community-based organizations to help community members living on low and moderate incomes access CPA’s CARE and FERA programs and receive decreased electricity rates.
Building Energy 2 Electrify 95% of new construction by 2026 or achieve equivalent reductions in GHG emissions.
Building Energy 2.a Partner with another jurisdiction or multiple jurisdictions in the region to conduct a comprehensive feasibility study or utilize a recent feasibility study to identify barriers to electrification in new construction, with a particular focus on:
1. Cost analysis for electrification across different building types, including multifamily and affordable housing, to promote equitable implementation.
2. Technological limitations in commercial and industrial buildings, assessing where exemptions might be necessary and how to mitigate their impact.
3. Strategies for cost mitigation for low-income and affordable housing developments.
During the process, work with CPA to provide projections on load changes due to electrification.
Building Energy 2.b Create a public awareness campaign targeted to local developers and builders to highlight the long-term cost savings and environmental benefits of all-electric buildings with materials available in multiple languages. Host informational sessions and workshops on the benefits and requirements of electrification, targeting housing developers, contractors, and real estate professionals.
Building Energy 2.c Identify cost-effective strategies for how to facilitate both construction and on-bill cost savings and prevent energy utility bills increases for residents living on low and moderate incomes.
Building Energy 2.d Leverage and promote State and federal incentives for all-electric construction, such as the California Energy Commission’s BUILD Program and the California Electric Homes Program (CalEHP).
Building Energy 2.e Partner with labor unions and trade schools to offer training programs for electricians, plumbers, and other relevant trades on the latest electrification technologies and building practices. Include surveying of local contractors to assess what skills and knowledge they need to implement electrification measures effectively.
Building Energy 3 Electrify existing residential and commercial buildings to reduce natural gas consumption.
Building Energy 3.a By 2027, complete an existing building electrification study to identify costs and benefits associated with electrifying residential and commercial building systems, including long- term costs of transitioning fuel use and hurdles to equitable implementation.
Building Energy 3.b Collaborate with local utilities to educate homeowners and businesses on participating in demand response programs (e.g., CPA’s Power Response programs), emphasizing the financial and environmental benefits of reducing energy use during peak periods. Conduct targeted outreach to homeowners, commercial property owners, small businesses, and minority-owned businesses to inform them of the benefits and strategies for building Environmental Assessment
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electrification. Include materials on the financial benefits of replacing natural gas appliances with electric ones. Utilize utility bill inserts, webinars, social media, and an updated website to promote incentives, rebates, and the All-Electric Building Initiative. Include information on weatherization, electric appliances, and energy benchmarking for nonresidential buildings.
Building Energy 3.c Partner with CPA and SCE to assess and revise residential incentives for procedural equity, removing barriers such as credit checks and other roadblocks. Additionally, promote existing tax credits and work with CPA and 3CREN to establish programs for rebates for electrical appliances.
Building Energy 3.d Identify and pursue funding through CARB, DOE block grants, green bonds, and other sources to support both residential and commercial electrification. Facilitate funding opportunities for commercial business electrification by identifying and supporting grant opportunities available to the community, prioritizing small and frontline community owned businesses.
Building Energy 3.e Partner with Ventura County 3CREN and the Ventura County Climate Coalition to develop an electrification concierge program, which would guide residents and building owners through the technical steps for electrifying buildings as well as connect them to incentives (e.g., rebates, subsidies, and tax credits) and other resources (e.g., multi-lingual education and technical expertise).
Building Energy 3.f Adopt a program by 2027 requiring all new central air conditioning unit installations and replacements in commercial buildings be two-way, providing both heating and cooling with a single unit. Include the following aspects in the program development and enforcement:
1. Establish a robust permitting compliance program, including routine staff training, web-based compliance tools, and fee structures to encourage voluntary compliance.
Track program effectiveness and update as needed to meet goals.
2. Simplify and expedite the permitting process for the installation of smart panels, heat pump water heaters, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and heat pump heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to facilitate the transition to electrified buildings.
Building Energy 4 Increase generation and storage of local renewable energy by supporting distributed energy resources such as solar, wind, and battery systems, and by supporting the development of resilient microgrids that can operate independently during grid disruptions.
Building Energy 4.a Launch an outreach campaign to educate residents, businesses, and property owners about the benefits of local renewable energy generation and storage. Include workshops and informational materials on the advantages of energy storage systems, such as reduced energy bills, increased energy resilience during grid outages, and support for community- wide energy independence. Partner with local schools, community organizations, the Library, and/or the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Parks District to promote renewable energy education and demonstrate small-scale renewable energy projects, such as solar PV and battery back-up that power lights at a park.
Building Energy 4.b Prioritize and support the development and deployment of energy storage solutions as a critical step toward enabling large-scale integration and utilization of renewable energy within the community’s energy systemin historically marginalized communities to promote equitable access to renewable energy generation and storage. Develop targeted programs that offer financial assistance, incentives, or rebates to low-income households for installing solar panels and battery storage. Collaborate with community organizations to identify barriers to participation and develop solutions so that all residents benefit from the transition to renewable energy.
Building Energy 4.c Secure funding for renewable energy generation and storage projects through grants, State and federal funding opportunities, and public-private partnerships. Explore innovative financing mechanisms such as green bonds, community solar programs, and energy performance contracting. Establish a revolving loan fund to provide low-interest loans for City of Camarillo
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renewable energy and storage installations, with a focus on supporting low-income and small business participants.
Building Energy 4.d Work with SCE, CPA, Ventura County 3CREN, the Ventura County Climate Coalition, and community organizations to site storage and renewable generation at locations in the City, which would best support overall grid functionality while electrifying the building stock and maximizing the utilization of existing electrical infrastructure.
Building Energy 4.e Streamline the permitting processes for the installation of renewable energy generation and storage systems, including smart panels, two-way AC systems, and substantial remodels.
Strategy: Mobility and Land Use
Mobility and Land Use 1 Establish safe active transportation infrastructure to connect residents to community resources such as the downtown core, parks, trails, commercial office areas, and public transit stops to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis score by 2045.
Mobility and Land Use
1.a
Review and update the General Plan and Zoning Code to integrate Complete Streets principles, so roads are designed to safely accommodate pedestrians, cyclists, and other active transportation users of all ages and abilities. Additionally, promote land use patterns to encourage active transportation, and reduce car dependence and vehicle miles travelled.
Offer incentives for developers to include active transportation features like bike lanes, racks, and pedestrian-friendly pathways.
Mobility and Land Use
1.b
Conduct an analysis of existing bicycle and pedestrian conditions with a focus on identifying residential communities, commercial uses, schools, and open spaces currently disconnected from community resources due to freeways and lack of connections on busy roads to identify priority connections. This analysis will be part of a comprehensive study aimed at identifying high stress streets into active transportation corridors, which will inform updates to the Bikeway Master Plan to double Camarillo’s Bicycle Network Analysis (BNA) score by 2045. The study will assess the community appetite and geographical viability of establishing climate-friendly transportation solutions (e.g., electric bike-sharing programs, zero-emission bus routes, expanded pedestrian pathways, and dedicated micromobility lanes) and prioritize developing safe and reliable active transportation corridors between residential and commercial areas and will consider latent active transportation demand, GHG emission reduction potential, and potential economic benefits for local businesses and residential properties.
Mobility and Land Use
1.c
Launch an education campaign focused on promoting the use of climate-friendly transportation options in Camarillo and branding Camarillo as a connected community.
Increase community awareness of active transportation infrastructure projects occurring and those completed. Develop and maintain City webpage and app showing pedestrian and bike trails, bike lanes and bus times and routes. Distribute active transportation maps and promotional materials to hotels and tourism centers to increase visitor use of active transportation and include clear, easy to read maps and way-finding signage at parks throughout the community.
Mobility and Land Use
1.d
Prioritize the development of an equitable active transportation system where all Camarillo residents have access to critical connections and mobility options. Partner with entities such as the Ventura County Transportation Commission and the California Air Resources Board to expand existing rebate programs, helping families living on low and fixed incomes purchase alternative modes of transportation (e.g., bicycles, scooters, rollerblades, skates, skateboards) and appropriate safety gear. Incorporate equity metrics into the roadway study to increase access for residents living on low and moderate incomes, as well as vulnerable communities, to the benefits of the active transportation corridors.
Mobility and Land Use
1.e
Pursue federal, State, and regional grant opportunities to fund climate-friendly transportation initiatives. Identify and apply for grants specifically aimed at enhancing mobility options, such as the Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) and the Low- Carbon Transit Operations Program (LCTOP). Collaborate with the Climate Connectivity Commission to establish a dedicated team responsible for grant writing and management Environmental Assessment
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to provide timely application and effective use of funds for projects that align with the City's climate action goals.
Mobility and Land Use
1.f
Partner with the Ventura County Transportation Commission (VCTC) to conduct the study (Mobility and Land Use 1.b), plan the conversion (Mobility and Land Use 1.a), and identify and pursue funding (Mobility and Land Use 1.e).
Mobility and Land Use
1.g
Update and implement the Bikeway Master Plan to double Camarillo’s BNA score (or similar bicycle network scoring criteria) by 2045. Identify locations throughout the City to install additional bike repair stations, including near parks along bicycle routes, and consider partnering with a local bike shop to provide quarterly bicycle repair support for residents traveling along a main bike path or at a designated, central location. Additionally, develop a Maintenance Plan that outlines ongoing routine inspections and repairs to confirm the continued functionality, as well as a map showing all the repair stations.
Mobility and Land Use 2 Expand Camarillo Area Transit’s fixed route and trolley coverage across community wide residential zones, commercial zones, and the Camarillo Train Station to increase public and shared transit mode share from 1% to 2% by 2030 and to 6% by 2045.
Mobility and Land Use
2.a
Develop an ongoing educational campaign centered around the Camarillo Area Transit services, as well as the Camarillo Train Station, to inform residents of the fixed route, trolley, Metrolink and Amtrak routes and schedules as well as the availability of the Dial-A- Ride service.
Mobility and Land Use
2.b
Continue participating in countywide free fare programs such as the Youth Ride Free, College Ride and Free Fare Days programs to encourage ridership.
Mobility and Land Use
2.c
Pursue funding for CAT’s expanded coverage through local programs such as SCE’s Charge Ready Transport program and State programs such as the Hybrid and Zero Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project. Align funding sources for coverage expansion with efforts to electrify the transit fleet (SMP Measure M-TR-2).
Mobility and Land Use
2.d
Partner with the Ventura County Transportation Commission to plan the expansion and identify and pursue funding.
Mobility and Land Use
2.e
Work with the Ventura County Transportation Commission to implement expanded, networked, on-demand, and zero-emission transit services in Camarillo that are connected to active transportation infrastructure, residential and commercial zones, and regional public transit system to help reduce single occupancy vehicle commutes to the Camarillo Train Station. Additionally, provide mobility options in lower-density areas by establishing regional transportation hubs that are connected to CAT’s fixed-route and trolley routes.
Mobility and Land Use 3 Decarbonize long-distance VMT by increasing public charger access from 100 to 481 chargers by 2030 at key commercial centers (outlet mall, Camarillo airport, Camarillo Train Station).
Mobility and Land Use
3.a
Conduct a feasibility study to identify optimal locations for public EV charger installations (i.e., Level 2 and DC Fast Charger) at key commercial centers. The study should include an assessment of electrical infrastructure needs, potential renewable energy integration, and strategies for maximizing charger accessibility for long-distance travelers. This study will inform the placement and quantity of chargers needed to meet the target goals by 2030 and 2045.
Mobility and Land Use
3.b
Launch an education campaign targeting both residents and visitors to Camarillo, promoting the availability and benefits of EV charging at key commercial centers. Include information on the environmental and cost-saving advantages of using EVs, as well as details on available incentives for purchasing EVs and using public chargers. Partner with local businesses and tourism boards to distribute materials and raise awareness, making sure all visitors are informed about the City’s EV-friendly infrastructure.
Mobility and Land Use
3.c
Develop a plan to provide equitable access to EV charging stations at commercial centers, particularly for low-income residents and those without home charging options. This plan should include targeted outreach and incentives for low- and moderate-income EV drivers, as well as the implementation of affordable pricing structures at public charging stations.
City of Camarillo
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Engage with community groups to make sure that charger placements meet the needs of all residents, including those who rely on public transportation.
Mobility and Land Use
3.d
Identify and apply for federal, State, and local grants, such as those available through the Federal Charging and Fueling Infrastructure (CFI) program and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). Partner with regional organizations to leverage existing funding opportunities and explore innovative financing options like on-bill financing for commercial property owners. Additionally, work with Ventura County to access funding to install publicly available chargers, as well as to explore public-private partnerships that can attract private investment in EV infrastructure.
Mobility and Land Use
3.e
Collaborate with the Camarillo Premium Outlets (Simon Property Group) and Camarillo Airport to secure funding for the installation of sufficient EV charging stations to accommodate the 10 million annual visitors to the outlet mall. This partnership will play a key role in reducing VMT and decarbonizing transportation within the City.
Mobility and Land Use
3.f
Amend the municipal code to require the installation of EV chargers at key commercial centers like Camarillo Premium Outlets, Camarillo Airport, and the Camarillo Train Station.
Require that new and redeveloped parking lots designate a minimum of 20% of spaces for EV charging. Additionally, require that all new large-scale commercial developments and parking facilities install sufficient EV chargers to meet projected demand, in alignment with the Ventura County Electric Vehicle Ready Blueprint.
Mobility and Land Use 4 Decarbonize internal trip VMT by increasing passenger zero-emission vehicle adoption to 26% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Mobility and Land Use
4.a
Develop an Electric Vehicle Readiness Plan that outlines a comprehensive strategy to increase zero emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption and expand infrastructure. This plan should include direct community engagement, particularly with residents living in multifamily housing and low- and moderate-income households, to identify barriers to ZEV adoption.
The plan will also prioritize locations for new EV infrastructure, provide equitable distribution of chargers and consistency with the County of Ventura’s EV Blueprint(s) and the City's General Plan, and identify strategies to foster public-private partnerships for EV charger infrastructure.
Mobility and Land Use
4.b
Launch a public awareness campaign to educate the community about the benefits of ZEVs, available financial incentives, and the City's streamlined permitting process for home EV charger installations. The campaign will include targeted outreach to renters and property owners in multifamily buildings, so that all residents are informed about how to access and benefit from ZEV programs, including cost-saving opportunities through off-peak charging rates (CPA’s Residential EV Rate Schedule).
Mobility and Land Use
4.c
Collaborate with affordable housing providers and community organizations to pilot a ZEV car-share program at selected affordable housing sites. The pilot will include the installation of EV charging stations at these sites, providing residents with access to affordable, zero- emission transportation options. This initiative will focus on expanding mobility options for low-income households and increasing equitable access to ZEV benefits.
Mobility and Land Use
4.d
Partner with State and local agencies, such as the California Air Resources Board and the VCAPCD, to expand access to financial incentives like the Driving Clean Assistance Program.
Work with Partners such as CPA and SCE to offer additional rebates and financing options for purchasing ZEVs, as well as for installing home EV chargers, electrical panel upgrades, and Level 2 chargers. This effort will prioritize support for low-income households and renters in multifamily buildings.
Mobility and Land Use
4.e
Establish partnerships with regional organizations like 3C-REN, CPA, and VCAPCD to provide multilingual education and outreach on ZEV adoption. These partnerships will focus on disseminating information about available rebates, public charger locations, and the benefits of transitioning to ZEVs, making sure that all community members, including non- English speakers, have access to the resources they need to make the switch to zero- emission vehicles.
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Mobility and Land Use
4.f
Adopt an EV reach code requiring new multifamily residential developments to install EV chargers based on Tier 2 CalGreen standards (20% of total parking spaces). Additionally, implement a Citywide EV Infrastructure Plan, aligned with the Ventura County Electric Vehicle Ready Blueprint, aiming to install a targeted number of public EV chargers across residential, commercial, and public areas by 2030 to support the increased adoption of passenger ZEVs. Assess the City’s EV charging permit process and streamline it in accordance with AB 1236.
Mobility and Land Use 5 Increase commercial zero-emission vehicle adoption to 16% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Mobility and Land Use
5.a
Engage directly with commercial fleet operators and delivery service providers to assess current ZEV capacity and understand operational needs. Determine if a phased approach is necessary for implementing the licensing fee and identify gaps in the existing ZEV charging infrastructure to support efficient route planning and operations. This analysis will help inform the timeline and scale of infrastructure improvements required to support widespread commercial ZEV adoption.
Mobility and Land Use
5.b
Develop and distribute educational materials targeted at commercial fleet operators, highlighting the environmental and financial benefits of transitioning to ZEVs. These materials should include case studies, such as the transition of the municipal fleet to ZEVs, and cover topics like maintenance cost savings, potential revenue from public charging stations, and steps for integrating ZEVs into existing fleets. Additionally, directly connect fleet operators to Cal Fleet Advisors for technical assistance and host workshops and webinars to facilitate knowledge sharing and encourage fleet operators to make the transition.
Mobility and Land Use
5.c
Partner with private car-share providers to increase access to commercial ZEVs for residents living on low incomes and those in multi-family housing who lack access to EV charging stations.
Mobility and Land Use
5.d
Collaborate with State programs such as Cal Fleet Advisors to connect fleet operators with financial incentives (such as the California Air Resources Board's Clean Vehicle Rebate Project and the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program) for commercial ZEV purchases and the installation of EV charging infrastructure. Direct outreach efforts should focus on supporting small and minority-owned businesses, providing them with information about available financial incentives and resources like commercial EV rate plans that reduce charging costs during off-peak hours.
Mobility and Land Use
5.e
Form partnerships with local business organizations, such as the Camarillo Chamber of Commerce and Rotary Club, to engage the commercial sector in the ZEV transition process.
Additionally, pursue public-private partnerships with businesses to co-locate ZEV charging and fueling infrastructure in commercial areas, making it accessible for both fleet operators and the public.
Mobility and Land Use
5.f
Adopt an EV reach code by 2027 that requires new commercial construction to install EV chargers according to Tier 2 CalGreen standards (20% of total parking spaces). Additionally, investigate the opportunities to establish a licensing fee for commercial delivery vehicles, such as those used by Amazon and FedEx, with the revenue directed towards funding commercial ZEV adoption and expanding EV charging infrastructure. Offer discounted licensing fees for delivery companies utilizing ZEVs.
Mobility and Land Use 6 Electrify or otherwise decarbonize 12% of off-road equipment in Camarillo by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
Mobility and Land Use
6.a
Conduct a comprehensive assessment of off-road equipment in Camarillo to identify fleets with high potential for decarbonization and those requiring targeted support. The assessment will include an inventory of current equipment, identification of available electric or biofuel alternatives for each equipment type, and direct outreach to fleet operators in the community to understand barriers and opportunities for transition. During this process, the City will also evaluate the infrastructure needs for supporting the transition to zero-emission off-road equipment, including charging stations and renewable City of Camarillo
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diesel supply chains. Identify locations within Camarillo that could serve as hubs for electric off-road equipment charging and maintenance.
Mobility and Land Use
6.b
Launch a multi-lingual outreach campaign to educate contractors, residents, and fleet operators on the benefits of transitioning to zero-emission off-road equipment. This campaign should provide hands-on demonstrations of electric alternatives, as well as highlight public health benefits, safety improvements, and available incentives like the Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Program (CORE).
Mobility and Land Use
6.c
Collaborate with the Ventura County Climate Pollution Reduction Grant Advisory Group and VCAPCD to review existing off-road equipment replacement rebate programs for procedural equity. Focus on connecting small and minority-owned businesses, as well as residents with low to moderate incomes, to these rebates. Provide targeted assistance to fleets that need additional support to transition to zero-emission equipment.
Mobility and Land Use
6.d
Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions and VCAPCD to establish an Off-road Equipment Replacement Program. This program will provide free consultations to fleet operators identified in the feasibility study, helping them transition to zero-emission equipment. The program will also offer support for accessing rebates and incentives and connect operators with local repair services capable of maintaining the new equipment.
Mobility and Land Use
6.e
Develop a small off-road equipment (SORE) and renewable diesel ordinance aligned with CARB requirements. This ordinance will enforce CARB’s requirements that:
▪ Starting in 2024, SORE such as leaf blowers and lawn mowers must be zero-emission at the time of replacement;
▪ Starting in 2028, portable generators must be zero-emission at time of replacement; and
▪ Starting in 2024, all fleets subject to the In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation (i.e., self-propelled off-road diesel vehicles 25 horsepower or greater with some exceptions) must procure and only use renewable diesel fuel.
In the ordinance, include enforcement mechanisms and incentives for early adoption.
Strategy: Solid Waste
Solid Waste 1 Implement SB 1383 and reduce landfilled organic waste to assist the State in achieving the goal of 75% by 2030.
Solid Waste 1.a Collaborate with local waste haulers to conduct periodic waste characterization studies (every 4-5 years) to analyze the waste stream. Use these studies to inform the development of new programs and policies aimed at increasing waste diversion and reducing contamination rates in Camarillo.
Solid Waste 1.b Create a comprehensive Waste Diversion Outreach and Training Program that is promoted Citywide, which includes:
1. Outreach and training done through newsletters, website, and social media platforms, as well as at local community events.
2. Explore a multi-lingual education program accessible to all residents and employees, focusing on circular economy practices, waste diversion strategies, and the impact of overconsumption.
3. Free or reduced-cost backyard composting bins and kitchen food waste containers.
4. Host free compost/mulch giveaways for community members to increase visibility and reach procurement goals.
5. A dedicated online resource center on the City’s website offering information on waste diversion, composting, and the importance of proper waste sorting.
Solid Waste 1.c Develop an equitable outreach program focused on increasing organic waste diversion in rental housing, with targeted efforts for low- and medium-income properties. This program should:
1. Distribute food scrap collection information directly to tenants, providing new residents with the tools to participate in organics recycling.
2. Explore opportunities to provide multilingual outreach materials to residents so they Environmental Assessment
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have the tools to help divert organics..
Solid Waste 1.d Work with the Ventura County Resource Management Agency and surrounding jurisdictions to pursue regional, State, and federal grants. Use these funds to support staffing, enhance organic waste reduction initiatives, and expand waste diversion programs across the City.
Solid Waste 1.e Coordinate with County agencies to reach out to local agricultural representatives, hospitality businesses, and community organizations to lead initiatives for organic waste diversion and recycling. This coordination should also focus on creating and implementing an edible food recovery program that connects commercial food generators with local food banks, aiming to recover at least 20% of edible food currently being disposed of, in line with SB 1383 goals.
Solid Waste 1.f Implement and enforce SB 1383 compliance by introducing fines, while considering shared collection services in multi-family properties. Work with the City hauler to ensure signage is installed.
Solid Waste 1.g Identify public spaces that require additional organics collection and recycling bins and install them accordingly.
Solid Waste 2 Increase reuse, repair, and recycling to reduce inorganic waste generation.
Solid Waste 2.a Work with the City hauler to identify waste generation patterns and explore opportunities for reducing waste through increased reuse, repair, and recycling.
Solid Waste 2.b Launch a Citywide educational campaign that focuses on promoting the benefits of reuse, repair, and recycling. The campaign should include informational resources placed on the City’s website, use social media outreach, and form local partnerships to educate the community on waste reduction practices. Highlight the environmental and economic benefits of waste reduction and provide residents with practical tips on how to repair, reuse, upcycle, and recycle.
Solid Waste 2.c Develop a targeted outreach program to provide residents, including low-income and vulnerable communities, with equitable access to reuse, repair, and recycling resources.
Solid Waste 2.d Secure funding from regional, State, and federal sources to support the expansion of recycling infrastructure, repair cafes, and reuse programs. Explore additional grant opportunities to fund community repair centers and subsidize the costs of reusable products for low-income residents.
Solid Waste 2.e Work with Ventura County Waste Management to develop a comprehensive recycling program for hard-to-recycle items and promote the use of reusable products in the community.
Solid Waste 2.f Verify the implementation of a Sustainable Foodware Ordinance to phase out single-use plastic foodware and promote the use of compostable or reusable alternatives.
Water and Wastewater
1 Continue water conservation and efficient water use public outreach.
Water and Wastewater
1.a
Continue the City’s water conservation program and incorporate State requirements to limit use of drinking water for ornamental turf in AB 1572. Additionally, incorporate other State regulations that require reduced water consumption such as the State’s Making Conservation as a Way of Life. Include multilingual materials and workshops in disadvantaged communities to promote broad and equitable access to information.
Water and Wastewater
1.b
Continue the City’s water conservation program to provide communities with access to water conservation rebates and incentives, in partnership with Calleguas Municipal Water District, Metropolitan, and others.
Water and Wastewater
1.c
Identify and pursue funding opportunities from State and federal sources, such as the California Department of Water Resources to expand community water conservation initiatives. Leverage regional rebate programs, including those through Metropolitan Water District bewaterwise.com, to help customers implement water efficient updates.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
20 Measure/Action ID Measure/Action Text
Water and Wastewater
1.d
The City is planning to implement an AMI smart water meter program. Collaborate with the public to educate them on the technology available to track water use through their AMI water meter, and the ways to detect leaks and reduce water consumption.
Water and Wastewater
2 Continue to look for cost effective opportunities to expand use of local recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Plant.
Water and Wastewater
2.a
The City performed a 2024 Recycled Water Planning Study evaluating ways of expanding the recycled water system. While current limitations exist for opportunities to expand the recycled water system beyond the current system which beneficially reuses 90 to 95% of all recycled water produced by the WRP wastewater facility thereby offsetting electrical usage of well pumps farmers and others would normally use, this issue should be evaluated yearly to see if new opportunities exist for additional recycled water production, distribution, and storage, and the report updated again in 2029 after more is known about the significant upgrades to take place at the WRP facility which will affect availability for recycled water expansion.
Water and Wastewater
2.b
If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, develop a multi-faceted educational campaign in collaboration with Camarillo Water Division to raise awareness about the benefits of recycled water among Camarillo residents, businesses, and agriculture where it is cost effective to expand recycled water deliveries. The campaign will:
1. Provide clear information on the safety and environmental benefits of using recycled water.
2. Include community engagement sessions, online resources, and informational brochures distributed at community events and through local schools.
3. Focus on dispelling common misconceptions about recycled water, especially in residential areas.
4. Highlight successful recycled water projects in neighboring communities as case studies.
Water and Wastewater
2.c
If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, assess historically marginalized communities within Camarillo to determine if recycled water can be expanded to those areas in a cost-effective way.
Water and Wastewater
2.d
If new recycled water expansion opportunities are identified, pursue State and federal funding opportunities, such as the California State Water Resources Control Board's Recycled Water Program and the US Bureau of Reclamation's WaterSMART grants, to finance the expansion of recycled water infrastructure in Camarillo. Consider collaborating with Ventura County or other stakeholder agencies to apply for these grants and allocate the funding in a way that supports both infrastructure development and community education efforts.
Water and Wastewater
2.e
The City performed a 2025 Stormwater Diversion Feasibility Study to evaluate if capturing and treating wet-weather stormwater flows and dry-weather storm drain runoff was feasible and cost effective. While the study found it is not cost effective to capture and treat stormwater at this time, the City coordinates with other agencies to provide incentives for residents to capture rainwater through use of rain barrels. Rebates are available through bewaterwise.com, and information is also listed on our website under rebates and incentives at this location: cityofcamarillo.org/waterconservation. The conclusions of the study should be revaluated again in 2030 after more is known about the significant upgrades to take place at the WRP facility which will affect availability for recycled water expansion and ability to treat stormwater system flows.
Carbon Sequestration 1 Increase carbon sequestration in the community by achieving SB 1383 procurement requirements (0.08 tons recovered organic waste per person to meet SB 1383 requirements) by 2030.
Carbon Sequestration
1.a
Conduct a comprehensive feasibility study to assess the potential for expanding compost application across various land types in Camarillo, including urban agriculture, community gardens, and degraded lands. The study should explore alternative carbon sequestration Environmental Assessment
Common Sense Exemption Report 21
Measure/Action ID Measure/Action Text
methods like biochar and assess their potential integration into the City’s carbon reduction strategy.
Carbon Sequestration
1.b
Partner with local schools (including California State University Channel Islands), community serving organizations (e.g., Pleasant Valley Recreation & Parks District and Studio Channel Islands), and environmental organizations to develop educational programs and workshops on the benefits of composting, how to participate in local compost programs, and ways to apply compost at home. Distribute informational materials that detail where compost can be obtained and the environmental impact of compost application.
Carbon Sequestration
1.c
Implement a community compost distribution initiative that provides free or subsidized compost to low-income households, small businesses, and historically marginalized neighborhoods. This program should include free delivery and assistance with compost application for those with mobility challenges or limited access to transportation.
Carbon Sequestration
1.d
Allocate dedicated staff to pursue State and federal grants that support SB 1383 compliance, particularly those that fund compost distribution and application programs.
Explore opportunities to establish a revolving fund to provide ongoing financial support for compost-related projects and initiatives.
Carbon Sequestration
1.e
Collaborate with regional waste haulers, local composting facilities, the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Park District, and agricultural stakeholders to create a regional compost procurement and distribution network. This partnership could also explore shared resources such as compost spreading equipment and jointly funded educational campaigns to promote compost use across the community.
Carbon Sequestration
1.f
Enforce and exceed SB 1383 requirements by establishing a Citywide compost application program that mandates an annual minimum application of compost on public lands, parks, and green spaces. Implement procurement policies that prioritize high-quality, locally sourced compost for these applications.
Carbon Sequestration 2 Increase carbon sequestration and reduce urban heat island effect by adopting policies developed through the Community Urban Forest Plan.
Carbon Sequestration
2.a
Develop and adopt a Community Urban Forest Plan by 2027 to identify and prioritize tree planting areas in the City. The Plan will:
▪ Inventory the existing urban forest as a baseline and identify areas in Camarillo that have below average canopy coverage and high urban heat island effects. ▪ Identify a phased timeframe for program implementation. ▪ Establish a management plan for existing trees that will focus on promoting street tree health, enhancing resilience, increasing the environmental benefits and co-benefits from trees, and engaging the community in urban forest management. ▪ Prioritize the use of native and fire-resistant plant and tree species to enhance ecological integrity and reduce wildfire risk.
▪ Establish a tracking system to assess progress towards annual goals and annual benchmarks.
Carbon Sequestration
2.b
Promote Camarillo's tree planting initiatives by creating an interactive section on the City’s website that highlights the benefits of urban trees. Post the Urban Forest Management Plan, along with an interactive map showing areas of existing and planned tree canopy.
Include resources on tree care, the environmental benefits of urban forests, and opportunities for residents to participate in tree planting events.
Carbon Sequestration
2.c
Prioritize tree planting in neighborhoods with high exposure to extreme heat and vulnerable populations, including low-income communities, older adults, children, and those with chronic health conditions. Provide targeted outreach and support to these communities to maximize the benefits of urban tree coverage.
Carbon Sequestration
2.d
Establish a Tree Trust Fund dedicated to supporting tree planting and maintenance efforts, particularly in areas with low canopy coverage. The fund could be used to subsidize tree purchases, maintenance services for low-income residents, and staffing for urban forest management. Additionally, actively seek out federal and State grants, such as those from City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
22 Measure/Action ID Measure/Action Text
the USDA, California ReLeaf, and the Urban and Community Forestry Program, to finance large-scale tree planting projects.
Carbon Sequestration
2.e
Partner with local nurseries, arborists, the Pleasant Valley Recreation & Park District, community organizations, and environmental nonprofits (e.g., TreePeople) to host community tree planting events throughout the year, with a focus on Arbor Day. These events should also include educational components to teach residents about tree care and the benefits of a healthy urban forest. Additionally, collaborate with regional waste management and recycling services to support and fund tree planting initiatives through joint sustainability programs.
Carbon Sequestration
2.f
Update the City's tree planting ordinance (13.12) to enhance tree protection and planting initiatives. The update should include:
1. Expanded duties for the City’s tree management department, including oversight of tree planting and maintenance in public spaces.
2. Requirements for street trees in all zoning districts to promote consistent canopy cover.
3. Shade tree requirements and the inclusion of permeable surfaces in new developments to maximize tree health and urban cooling.
4. Prohibitions against harmful practices such as tree topping to maintain long-term health and stability of the urban forest.
5. Implementation of comprehensive tree care standards to maintain a healthy urban forest.
6. Incorporation of native and fire-resistant species standards into tree selection and planting requirements to promote climate resilience and wildfire safety.
MT CO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.
Source: Compiled by Rincon based on information contained in the Final CAP.
Table 3 summarizes the communitywide GHG emissions forecasts under the BAU and adjusted scenarios beginning from 2019 through 2045.
Environmental Assessment
Common Sense Exemption Report 23
Table 3 Camarillo GHG Emissions Forecasts (MT CO2e)
GHG Emissions Pathways 2019 2030 2035 2040 2045
BAU Forecast 490,710 524,917 540,600 554,245 567,969 Adjusted Forecast - 430,508 348,212 334,096 322,862
1. Forecast emissions also reflect the subtraction of the Advanced Clean Trucks Regulation (2020) Adjustment and GHG Emissions Reduction from Measure Implementation from Adjusted Forecast Figure 3 depicts the 2030 and 2045 GHG emissions targets for Camarillo. Figure 3 also illustrates the forecasted BAU and adjusted emissions, and the target pathway to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045.
Figure 3 Camarillo GHG Emissions Projections and Targets
Required Approvals
Required approvals include:
▪ Adoption of the City of Camarillo Climate Action Plan Notice of Exemption; and ▪ Adoption of the City of Camarillo Climate Action Plan.
Although individual plans or projects may be implemented later under the umbrella of the Camarillo CAP, each individual plan or project would be subject to separate environmental review under CEQA. The City of Camarillo has sole approval authority over the CAP. There are no other public agencies whose approval is required.
2030 Reduction Gap
(105,616) MT CO2e
2045 Reduction Gap
(327,185) MT CO2e
2030 Target
325,326 MT CO2e
0 100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2019 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
GHG Emissions Reduction Gap
1990 Baseline
BAU Forecast
Adjusted Forecast
Target Pathway
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
24 This page left intentionally blank.
Environmental Factors Potentially Affected
Common Sense Exemption Report 25
Environmental Factors Potentially Affected
The following environmental topics and thresholds originate from the City of Camarillo CEQA Environmental Guidelines.6 This project would potentially affect the environmental factors checked below, involving at least one impact that is “Potentially Significant” or “Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated” as indicated by the checklist on the following pages. □ Aesthetics and Scenic
Resources
□ Agricultural Resources □ Air Quality
□ Biological Resources □ Cultural Resources and
Tribal Cultural
Resources
□ Energy
□ Geology and Soils □ Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
□ Hazards and Hazardous
Materials
□ Hydrology and Water
Quality
□ Land Use and Planning □ Mineral Resources
□ Noise and Vibration □ Population and
Housing
□ Public Services and
Recreation
□ Transportation □ Utilities and Service
Systems
□ Wildfire
□ Mandatory Findings
of Significance
Determination
Based on this initial evaluation, I find that the proposed project will not result in a physical change to the environment that would have a significant effect on the environment and is therefore subject to the Common Sense Exemption pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3)).
Signature Date
Printed Name Title
6 Camarillo, City of. 2020. City of Camarillo CEQA Environmental Guidelines. Available:
https://www.ci.camarillo.ca.us/Departments/Community%20Development/CEQA%20Guidelines/Website%20Final%20CEQA%20Environ mental%20Guidelines%201.pdf. Accessed November 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
26 This page left intentionally blank.
Environmental Checklist
Aesthetics and Scenic Resources
Common Sense Exemption Report 27
Environmental Checklist
1 Aesthetics and Scenic Resources
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
Except as provided in Public Resources Code
Section 21099, would the project:
a. Have a substantial adverse effect on a
scenic vista that is visible from a City
scenic corridor? □ □ □ ■
b. Substantially alter or damage a scenic
resource that is visible from a City scenic
corridor? □ □ □ ■
c. Conflict with applicable General Plan
policies or zoning regulations governing
scenic quality? □ □ □ ■
d. Create a new source of substantial light or
glare which would adversely affect day or
nighttime views in the area? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Setting
Scenic views generally refer to visual access to, or the visibility of, a particular natural or man-made visual resource from a given publicly accessible vantage point or corridor. Focal views focus on a particular object, scene, setting, or feature of visual interest. Panoramic views, or vistas, provide visual access to a large geographic area, for which the field of view can be wide and extend into the distance. Panoramic views are usually associated with vantage points looking out over urban or natural areas that provide a geographic orientation and view not commonly available. Examples of panoramic views might include an urban skyline, a valley, a mountain range, the ocean, or other water bodies.
Camarillo updated its Community Design Element in 2012 and integrated it with the prior Scenic Highways Element. The City seeks to improve the aesthetics of the “Heritage Zone” or all development within 500 feet of a freeway corridor or 1,000 feet of a freeway interchange to give Camarillo a cohesive appearance of architectural styles. The Community Design Element designates the following scenic corridors: US 101, SR 34, Las Posas Road/Upland Road, and Pleasant Valley Road/Santa Rosa Road. The City also prioritizes the protection of scenic open spaces through the Save Open Space and Agricultural Resources Ordinance (SOAR) and Camarillo Urban Restriction City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
28 Boundary (CURB) Element to prevent urban sprawl and maintain the integrity of scenic open spaces.
7 Impact Analysis
a. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista that is visible from a City scenic corridor??
An adverse effect would occur if a proposed plan or project would block or otherwise damage a scenic vista that is visible from a City scenic corridor upon implementation. City scenic corridors include US 101, Las Posas Road/Upland Road, Lewis Road, and Pleasant Valley Road/Santa Rosa Road. The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Because the proposed plan is a policy update that does not involve or approve physical development, it would not result in impacts to scenic vistas. Further, future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would be required to adhere to applicable City development zoning, regulations, and the Camarillo General Plan Community Design Element Objectives 1.2 through 1.8.
These objectives establish the City’s intent to preserve and enhance community character, create pedestrian access and connectivity opportunities, define distinctive themes and styles for the built environment, beautify streets and corridors, protect hillside viewsheds and open space/agricultural lands that surround the city, enhance open space for community wellness, and preserve and enhance historical buildings and landscapes. Compliance with the Camarillo Municipal Code (CMC) and Camarillo General Plan would require that potential future infrastructure development and redevelopment related to the CAP would be integrated with the existing character of the Camarillo community, minimizing potential impacts to scenic vistas. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact to scenic vistas visible from a City scenic corridor.
NO IMPACT
b. Would the project substantially alter or damage a scenic resource that is visible from a City scenic corridor?
City scenic corridors include US 101, Las Posas Road/Upland Road, Lewis Road, and Pleasant Valley Road/Santa Rosa Road. While the CAP would span the whole city, including areas that may be visible from City scenic corridors, the CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would be required to adhere to applicable City development zoning, regulations, and the Camarillo General Plan Community Design Element Objectives 1.2 through 1.8. These objectives establish the City’s intent to preserve and enhance community character, create pedestrian access and connectivity opportunities, define distinctive themes and styles for the built environment, beautify streets and corridors, protect hillside viewsheds and open space/agricultural lands that surround the city, enhance open space for community wellness, and preserve and enhance historical buildings and landscapes. Additionally, any potential future infrastructure development and redevelopment related to the CAP that could occur in the vicinity of designated scenic corridors would be required to comply with the Scenic Corridor Design Guidelines established by the Community Design
7 Camarillo, City of. 2012. General Plan, Community Design Element. Available:
https://www.ci.camarillo.ca.us/Departments/Community%20Development/General%20Plan/10%20Community%20Design%20Element% 2006-2012.pdf?t=202109021328460. Accessed September 2025.
Environmental Checklist
Aesthetics and Scenic Resources
Common Sense Exemption Report 29
Element.8 Compliance with the CMC and Camarillo General Plan would require that potential future infrastructure development and redevelopment related to the CAP would be integrated with the existing character of the Camarillo community, minimizing potential impacts to views from City scenic corridors. Thus, the CAP would result in no impact related to scenic resources that are visible from a City scenic corridor.
NO IMPACT
c. Would the project conflict with applicable General Plan policies or zoning regulations governing scenic quality?
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Because the proposed plan does not involve or approve physical development or zoning changes, the CAP would not conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would be reviewed for consistency with the applicable requirements to the City’s Zoning Ordinance and adopted goals and policies of the Camarillo General Plan, including Community Design Element Objectives 1.2 through 1.8, as well as the Land Use, Circulation, and Open Space & Conservation Elements. Additionally, any future projects implemented under the CAP would be required to comply with the CURB Element and SOAR ordinance, which limit development outside of the urbanized areas of Camarillo and maintain the integrity of rural and agricultural lands.9 Thus, the CAP would result in no impact related to the visual character of the city or conflicts with regulations governing scenic quality.
NO IMPACT
d. Would the project create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area?
Camarillo is an urbanized community and contains many existing sources of light and glare including street and vehicle lighting, security lighting, interior and exterior building lighting, and reflective building materials.
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. As such, the CAP would not result in intensified development and associated sources of light and glare. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would be reviewed for consistency with the applicable requirements of CCR Title 24 lighting standards (CCR Title 24 Part 6) and CMC Chapter
19.47, Lighting Regulations, which provide requirements for exterior lighting and building materials to limit glare and light trespass, including nighttime light trespass.10, 11 In addition, future projects and actions would be reviewed for consistency with the Camarillo General Plan and other applicable
8 Camarillo, City of. 2012. General Plan, Community Design Element. Available:
https://www.ci.camarillo.ca.us/Departments/Community%20Development/General%20Plan/10%20Community%20Design%20Element% 2006-2012.pdf?t=202109021328460. Accessed September 2025. 9 Camarillo, City of. 2016.Camarillo Urban Restriction Boundary. Available:
https://www.ci.camarillo.ca.us/Departments/Community%20Development/General%20Plan/03%20CURB%202016.pdf. Accessed September 2025.
10 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2022. 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings.
Available: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/CEC-400-2022-010_CMF.pdf. Accessed September 2025. 11 Camarillo, City of. 2025. CMC Chapter 19.47 - Lighting Regulations. Available:
https://library.municode.com/ca/camarillo/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT19ZO_IIIGEPR_CH19.47LIRE. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
30 regulatory land use actions prior to approval. Compliance with these regulations would minimize environmental impacts related to light and glare by limiting the use of highly reflective materials and requiring the shielding of exterior lighting. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to light and glare.
NO IMPACT
Environmental Checklist
Agricultural Resources
Common Sense Exemption Report 31
2 Agricultural Resources
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
Would the project:
a. Convert Prime Farmland, Farmland of
Statewide Importance, or Unique Farmland
(Farmland), as shown on the maps
prepared pursuant to the Farmland
Mapping and Monitoring Program of the
California Resources Agency, to non-
agricultural use? □ □ □ ■
b. Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural
use or a Williamson Act contract? □ □ □ ■
c. Involve other changes in the existing
environment which, due to their location
or nature, could result in conversion of
Farmland to non-agricultural use? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Setting
Camarillo is characterized primarily by urban and suburban development with some rural and agricultural land. Maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program identify Camarillo as mostly Urban and Built-up Land. However, the city contains some Farmland of Statewide Importance, Prime Farmland, and Unique Farmland. 12 There are also many Williamson
Act contracts within and immediately surrounding the city, especially along the northwest boundary.
13 Impact Analysis
a. Would the project convert Prime Farmland, Farmland of Statewide Importance, or Unique Farmland (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use? b. Would the project conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use or a Williamson Act contract?
c. Would the project involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use?
12 California Department of Conservation. 2025. California Important Farmland Finder Map. Available:
https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/ciff/. Accessed September 2025. 13 California Department of Conservation. 2025. Williamson Act Enrollment Finder. Available:
https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/WilliamsonAct/App/index.html. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
32 Camarillo contains Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, and Farmland of Statewide Importance, as well as lands under Williamson Act contracts. The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. In addition, residents voted to protect agricultural and open space areas (SOAR ordinance) in the city by designating the CURB and restricting urban sprawl and development into agricultural areas beyond the CURB. As such, the CAP would not convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance, or conflict with existing zoning and existing Williamson Act contract. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to degradation of agricultural resources or conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture uses, nor would there be conflict with existing agricultural zoning or General Plan land use designations.
NO IMPACT
Environmental Checklist
Air Quality
Common Sense Exemption Report 33
3 Air Quality
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
Would the project:
a. Conflict with or obstruct implementation
of the current Ventura County Air Quality
Management Plan?? □ □ □ ■
b. Result in a cumulatively considerable net
increase of ROC and/or NOx emissions? □ □ □ ■
c. Expose sensitive receptors to substantial
pollutant concentrations of fugitive dust,
carbon monoxide, toxic air contaminants,
and/or San Joaquin Valley Fever spores? □ □ □ ■
d. Result in other emissions s that create
objectionable odors adversely affecting a
substantial number of people? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Setting
Camarillo is in Ventura County, which is part of the South Central Coast Air Basin (SCCAB). SCCAB encompasses Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties and is characterized by shared meteorological and topographical conditions that influence regional air pollution patterns. The Ventura County Air Pollution Control District (VCAPCD) monitors and regulates the local air quality in Ventura County and manages the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). Air quality is affected by stationary sources (e.g., industrial uses and oil and gas operations) and mobile sources (e.g., motor vehicles). Air quality at a given location is a function of several factors, including the quantity and type of pollutants emitted locally and regionally, and the dispersion rates of pollutants in the region.
The air quality in SCCAB is influenced by a wide range of emission sources, such as dense population centers, heavy vehicular traffic, industry, and weather.
The VCAPCD is required to monitor air pollutant levels to ensure National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) are met. If the standards are met, SCCAB is classified as being in “attainment.” If the standards are not met, SCCAB is classified as being in “nonattainment,” and the VCAPCD is required to develop strategies to meet the standards. According to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Area Designation Maps, the SCCAB is identified as being in nonattainment for ozone NAAQS and CAAQS and nonattainment for particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10). 14 In February 2022, the VCAPCD adopted
the 2022 Ventura County AQMP, which provides a strategy for the attainment of federal ozone
14 CARB. 2025. Ambient Air Quality Standards Designation Tool. Available: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/capp/cst/tch/ambient-air-quality- standards-designation-tool. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
34 standards.
15 In addition, San Joaquin Valley Fever (formally known as Coccidioidomycosis) is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis. San Joaquin Valley Fever (Valley Fever) is a disease of concern in SCCAB. Infection is caused by inhalation of Coccidioides immitis spores that have become airborne when dry, dusty soil or dirt is disturbed by natural processes, such as wind or earthquakes, or by human-induced ground-disturbing activities, such as construction, farming, or other activities.
16 Impact Analysis
a. Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the current Ventura County Air Quality Management Plan??
The CAP does not contain any policies that would conflict with or hinder implementation of any air pollution control measures in the 2022 Ventura County AQMP. Rather, the CAP is a policy document that includes strategies such as Measures Building Energy 1 and 2, Measures Mobility and Land Use 2, 4 and 5, Measure Solid Waste 1, and Measure Carbon Sequestration 2 that would reduce GHG emissions, with co-benefits to air quality. These measures would lead the CAP to align with the goals of the 2022 Ventura County AQMP to improve air quality in SCCAB, meet State and national air quality standards, and reduce exposure of sensitive receptors to toxic air contaminants. Therefore, the CAP would be consistent with the 2022 Ventura County AQMP, and their adoption would have no impact related to a conflict with or obstruction of the applicable air quality plan.
NO IMPACT
b. Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of ROC and/or NOx emissions?
c. Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations of fugitive dust, carbon monoxide, toxic air contaminants, and/or San Joaquin Valley Fever spores? The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Because the proposed plan does not involve or approve physical development or zoning changes, the CAP would not result in new criteria air pollutant emissions, including ROC and/or NOx emissions, or the exposure of sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations including fugitive dust, carbon monoxide, toxic air contaminants, and/or San Joaquin Valley Fever spores. Future projects involving construction activities that occur during implementation of the CAP would undergo project-specific review to address potential temporary air quality impacts. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would also be reviewed for consistency with VCAPCD air quality regulations and other applicable local, State, and federal regulations once project details and locations are known. The long-term implementation of the CAP would have co-benefits to air quality, including reduced air pollutant emissions within Camarillo. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to criteria pollutant emissions, including ROC and/or NOx emissions, and the
15 Ventura County Air Pollution Control District. 2022. 2022 Ventura County Air Quality Management Plan. Available:
https://www.vcapcd.org/wp-content/uploads/pubs/Planning/AQMP/2022/Final-2022-AQMP-with-appendices-20221130.pdf Accessed September 2025.
16 Ventura County Air Pollution Control District (VCAPCD). 2003. Ventura County Air Quality Assessment Guidelines. Available:
http://www.vcapcd.org/pubs/Planning/VCAQGuidelines.pdf. Accessed September 2025.
Environmental Checklist
Air Quality
Common Sense Exemption Report 35
exposure of sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations including fugitive dust, carbon monoxide, toxic air contaminants, and/or San Joaquin Valley Fever spores.
NO IMPACT
d. Would the project result in other emissions s that create objectionable odors adversely affecting a substantial number of people?
The occurrence and severity of potential odor impacts depend on a number of factors, including the nature, frequency, and intensity of the source; the wind speeds and direction; and the sensitivity of the receiving location, each contribute to the intensity of the impact. Although offensive odors seldom cause physical harm, they can be annoying and cause distress among the public and generate citizen complaints.
The California Air Resources Board Air Quality Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective identifies land uses associated with odor complaints which include: sewage treatment plants, landfills, recycling facilities, waste transfer stations, petroleum refineries, biomass operations, auto body shops, coating operations, fiberglass manufacturing, foundries, rendering plants, and livestock operations.17 The CAP would not facilitate development, such as sewage treatment plants or landfills, that could create substantial odors. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to odors exposure.
NO IMPACT
17 California Air Resources Control Board (CARB). 2005. Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective. Available:
https://forms.cupertino.org/inc/pdf/SR85/Exhibit%20G%20- %20CARB%20Air%20Quality%20and%20Land%20Use%20Handbook%202005.pdf. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
36 4 Biological Resources
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
Would the project:
a. Have a substantial adverse effect, either
directly or through habitat modification, on
any species identified as a candidate,
sensitive, or special status species by the
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? □ □ □ ■
b. Have a substantial adverse effect on any
riparian habitat or other sensitive natural
community identified by the California
Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service? □ □ □ ■
c. Have a substantial adverse effect on state
or federally regulated and/or protected
wetlands through direct removal, filling,
hydrological interruption, or other means? □ □ □ ■
d. Interfere substantially with the movement
of any native resident or migratory fish or
wildlife species or with established native
resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or
impede the use of native wildlife nursery
sites? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Setting
Special-status” species are either federally or state-listed as endangered, threatened, or sensitive. “Endangered” species are those considered in imminent danger of extinction due their limited numbers. “Threatened” species refers to those likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future, primarily on a local scale. “Sensitive” species are those that are naturally rare or have been locally depleted or put at risk by human activities.
Camarillo is a primarily urbanized community with some suburban and semi-rural characteristics due to agricultural and open space on the city’s perimeter. The Camarillo General Plan Open Space and Conservation Element incorporates goals and policies to protect biological resources and environmentally sensitive wildlife habitats via the consolidation of development within already urbanized areas and maintaining the integrity of open space and agricultural areas. The Open Space and Conservation Element also includes the following policies intended to decrease development pressure on sensitive or biologically productive areas. Such policies include the following:
Environmental Checklist
Biological Resources
Common Sense Exemption Report 37
▪ Policy 3: Continue to abide by Camarillo’s SOAR (Save Open-space and Agricultural Resources) ordinance, which amended the city’s General Plan in 1998 with the adoption of the CURB line. ▪ Policy 4: Protect and preserve valuable agricultural land by encouraging actions such as agricultural zoning and use of the Williamson Act.
▪ Policy 5: Encourage private and quasi-private landowners to provide open space for recreation, landscaping and preservation of natural land features where feasible. ▪ Policy 7: Identify and protect natural watersheds, natural drainage beds and water recharge areas to achieve recovery of local water and the preservation of natural plant and animal habitat.
▪ Policy 8: Preserve the natural features and general environmental characteristics of the hillside areas with minimum disturbance to native plants and animals. Establish open space areas that maintain and enhance the hillsides and provide a buffer between developments and open space and agriculture.
▪ Policy 10: Encourage development in areas where services and facilities already exist and are underused. Promote efficient extension of utilities and services. ▪ Goal G: Recreation: Protect natural area and allow minimal development in environmentally- sensitive areas and those serving as wildlife habitats; Protect wildlife areas and resting areas to maintain a balanced ecology and continued high-value recreation management. 18
In addition, migratory and nesting birds protected by Sections 3503, 3503.5, and 3513 of the California Fish and Game Code (CFGC) and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) may utilize trees, landscaping, and structures throughout Camarillo for nesting habitat. CMC Chapter 13.12, City Trees and Other Plantings, regulates the planning, trimming, or removal of trees requiring City permits for alterations of City trees.
19 There is also a substantial greenbelt of contracted agricultural preserves and open space in the Las Posas and Santa Rosa Valleys along the city’s northern and eastern boundaries, and a compatible adopted Open Space Plan (Thousand Oaks) protecting the Conejo Valley/Hidden Valley/ Lake Sherwood expanse to the east along with the Point Mugu State Recreational Area, the Santa Monica Mountains, and the Pacific Ocean protecting the south. The greatest threat of development is from the west, where the land is level and eminently developable, although the Ventura County Open Space Plan and the increased number of agricultural preserves have lessened this threat. The City, along with the City of Oxnard, the County of Ventura, and Local Agency Formation Commission have agreed to protect much of these lands through a “Greenbelt Agreement.”
20 18
Camarillo, City of. 2006. Camarillo General Plan, Open Space and Conservation Element. Available:
https://www.ci.camarillo.ca.us/Departments/Community%20Development/General%20Plan/OpenCons.pdf?t=202109021328520.
Accessed September 2025.
19 Camarillo, City of. 2025. Camarillo Municipal Code, Chapter 13.12 - CITY TREES AND OTHER PLANTINGS. Available:
https://library.municode.com/ca/camarillo/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT13STSIPA_CH13.12CITROTPL. Accessed September 2025.
20 Oxnard, City of. 1984. Resolution No. 84-9. Available: https://www2.vcrma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/the-city-of-camarillo-and- the-city-of-oxnard-establishing-a-greenbelt.pdf. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
38 Impact Analysis
a. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modification, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? d. Would the project interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites?
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Because the CAP does not involve or approve physical development or zoning changes, the proposed plan would not directly result in impacts related to wildlife species identified as candidate, sensitive, or special status. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would undergo project-specific developmental review to address potential impacts and would be required to comply with the MBTA, CFCG, and the Federal and California Endangered Species Acts. Future projects would also be required to illustrate consistency with SOAR, the Greenbelt Agreements, and Goal G and Policies 3,4,5,7,8, and 10 of the Open Space and Conservation Element. CAP Measure Carbon Sequestration 2 would also improve protections for migrating bird and wildlife species by increasing protections and establishing routine maintenance procedures for urban trees. Further, Impacts identified for an individual project would be addressed through the project approval process specific to concerns for that project. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to candidate, sensitive or special status species, wildlife migration, or migratory wildlife corridors.
NO IMPACT
b. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
c. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally regulated and/or protected wetlands through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? Camarillo includes wetland and riparian habitats including riverine, freshwater forested/shrub wetland, forested/shrub, freshwater pond, and freshwater emergent wetland. 21 These habitats are
primarily located in the northwest part of the city, which is outside of the CURB would be protected from development subject to SOAR, and along the east side of the city. Wetlands within the southeastern portion of the city designated as Conejo Creek Voter Participation Area have additional development protections despite being within the CURB due to resident feedback.
However, development is unrestricted by SOAR along Calleguas Creek wetland and riparian habitat that is north of the Voter Participation Area.
22 The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document
to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Any future infrastructure development or redevelopment that would occur during implementation of the CAP would be required to comply with Policy 7 of the Open Space and Conservation Element, which directs the City to preserve natural watersheds,
21 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2025. National Wetlands Inventory Mapper. Available:
https://fwsprimary.wim.usgs.gov/wetlands/apps/wetlands-mapper/. Accessed September 2025. 22 Camarillo, City of. 2023. 2023 General Plan Annual Progress Report. Available:
https://www.cityofcamarillo.org/General%20Plan%20Annual%20Progress%20Report%20Full%20Packet.pdf. Accessed September 2025.
Environmental Checklist
Biological Resources
Common Sense Exemption Report 39
natural drainage beds and water recharge areas, as well as federal and State regulations such as the Clean Water Act and California Fish and Game Code, which protect riparian and wetland habitats.
Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to riparian habitat, sensitive natural communities, or wetlands.
NO IMPACT
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
40 5 Cultural Resources and Tribal Cultural
Resources
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
Would the project:
a. Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a historical resource
pursuant to Section 15064.5 of the State
CEQA Guidelines? □ □ □ ■
b. Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of an archaeological resource
pursuant to Section 15064.5 of the State
CEQA Guidelines? □ □ □ ■
c. Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a tribal cultural resource,
defined in Public Resources Code Section
21074 as either a site, feature, place,
cultural landscape that is geographically
defined in terms of the size and scope of
the landscape, sacred place, or object
with cultural value to a California Native
American tribe, and that is:
1. Listed or eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical
Resources, or in a local register of
historical resources as defined in Public
Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or
2. A resource determined by the lead
agency, in its discretion and supported
by substantial evidence, to be significant
pursuant to criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code
Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria
set forth in subdivision (c) of Public
Resources Code Section 5024.1, the City
shall consider the significance of the
resource to a local California Native
American tribe? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Checklist
Cultural Resources and Tribal Cultural Resources
Common Sense Exemption Report 41
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
d. Disturb any human remains, including
those interred outside of formal
cemeteries? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Setting
Cultural Resources
CEQA requires that a lead agency determine whether a project could have a significant effect on historical resources (PRC Section 21084.1), unique archaeological resources (PRC Section 21083.2[g]). A historical resource is a resource listed in or determined to be eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) (Section 21084.1), a resource included in a local register of historical resources (Section 15064.5[a][2]), or any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript that a lead agency determines to be historically significant (Section 15064.5[a][3]). A unique archaeological resource is an archaeological artifact, object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that, without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria: (1) contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and that there is a demonstrable public interest in that information, (2) has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type, (3) is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person.
Impacts to cultural resources that qualify for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or alter the significance of resources listed in or eligible for listing in the CRHR are considered a significant effect on the environment. These impacts could result from physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of a historical resource would be materially impaired (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5[b][1]).
Material impairment is defined as demolition or alteration in an adverse manner of those characteristics of a historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion or eligibility for inclusion in the CRHR (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5[b][2][A]).
According to the Community Design Element of the Camarillo General Plan, there are several historic buildings which reflect the early character of Camarillo and provide an identifiable asset to the community design of Camarillo. These buildings include:
▪ St. Mary Magdalen Church on Ventura Boulevard
▪ Evangelical Free Church on Ventura Boulevard
▪ Adolfo Camarillo House on Mission Oaks Boulevard
▪ St. John’s Seminary
▪ Griffin residence on Daily Drive
▪ Charles Daily House
The Conservation and Open Space Element also discusses the historical preservation of buildings and archaeological sites. Goal G of the Conservation and Open Space Element aims “to preserve and City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
42 protect historic, scenic, geological and archeological sites for the enjoyment of present and future generations.”
Tribal Cultural Resources
PRC Section 21074 (a)(1)(A) and (B) defines tribal cultural resources as “sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American tribe” and is:
1 Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in PRC Section 5020.1(k), or 2 A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of PRC Section 5024.1.
In applying these criteria, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.
Impact Analysis
a. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to Section 15064.5 of the State CEQA Guidelines?
b. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to Section 15064.5 of the State CEQA Guidelines?
Although the City contains historic and archaeological resources, the CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Because the proposed plan does not involve or approve physical development, the CAP would not create an adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5 or cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource. The CAP envisions small-scale sustainable infrastructure development and redevelopment that would generally be limited to previously developed and disturbed areas of Camarillo where the presence of archaeological resources is unlikely. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would undergo project- specific development review to address potential impacts and would be required to comply with Goal G of the Open Space and Conservation Element related to the preservation of historic and archaeological resources. Future projects would also be reviewed for compliance with applicable State, regional, and local regulations regarding cultural resources. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to historic and archaeological resources.
NO IMPACT
c. Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code Section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
1. Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or
2. A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Environmental Checklist
Cultural Resources and Tribal Cultural Resources
Common Sense Exemption Report 43
Section 5024.1, the City shall consider the significance of the resource to a local California Native American tribe?
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Because the CAP does not involve or approve physical development, the proposed plan would not create a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would undergo project-specific developmental review to address potential impacts and would be required to comply with federal, State, and local tribal cultural and archaeological regulations prior to final siting and construction. Future projects would be required to comply with all applicable State and federal policies which enforce guidelines for the protection and preservation of cultural resources in the city. As such, tribal cultural resources would be protected prior to and/or upon discovery. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would comply with the city’s commitment to preserving cultural and historic resources, as outlined in Goal PQPF-2 of the Community Design Element.23 As such, tribal cultural resources would be protected prior to and/or upon discovery. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to tribal cultural resources.
NO IMPACT
d. Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries?
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. Because the proposed plan does not involve or approve physical development, the CAP would not disturb human remains. Future projects that occur during implementation of the CAP would be subject to State of California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 which states that, if human remains are unearthed, no further disturbance can occur until the county coroner has made the necessary findings as to the origin and disposition of the remains pursuant to the PRC Section 5097.98.
Compliance with these regulations would confirm the CAP would result in no impact related to disturbing human remains.
NO IMPACT
23 City of Camarillo. 2012. General Plan Community Design Element. Available:
https://www.cityofcamarillo.org/Departments/Community%20Development/General%20Plan/10%20Community%20Design%20Element %2006-2012.pdf?t=202109021328460. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
44 6 Energy
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
Would the project:
d. Consume energy resources in a wasteful,
inefficient, or unnecessary amount
during project construction and/or
operation? □ □ □ ■
e. Conflict with or obstruct a state or local
plan for renewable energy or energy
efficiency? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Setting
Most of the electricity generated in California is from natural gas-fired power plants, which provided approximately 40 percent of total electricity generated in 2024. In 2024, California generated 216,181 gigawatt hours (GWh) (78 percent) of electricity and imported 62,157 GWh (22 percent) from outside the state.
24 Relevant State plans and policies that aim to increase energy efficiency and the production of renewable energy include SB 1020, the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen or Title 24 Part 11), and the 2022 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24 Part 6). SB 1020 supports the reduction of GHG emissions from the electricity sector by accelerating the State RPS Program and requires electricity providers to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 90 percent of total retail sales by 2035, 95 percent by 2040, and 100 percent by 2045. CALGreen institutes mandatory minimum environmental performance standards for all ground-up new construction of non-residential and residential structures. In addition, the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards establish energy-efficiency standards for residential and non- residential buildings to reduce California’s energy demand. Title 24 is updated periodically to incorporate and consider new energy-efficiency technologies and methodologies as they become available. New construction and major renovations must demonstrate their compliance with the current Building Energy Efficiency Standards through submission and approval of a Title 24 Compliance Report to the local building permit review authority and the CEC.
Electricity to Camarillo is supplied by Clean Power Alliance (CPA), however Southern California Edison (SCE) maintains the electrical infrastructure. Residents and businesses are automatically enrolled in the CPA, which offers three power mix options; the Lean Power (40 percent renewable energy), Clean Power (50 percent renewable energy), and 100 percent Green Power (100 percent renewable energy).
25 Previously, tenants could have also elected to enroll with the Southern
24 California Energy Commission. 2024. 2024 Total System Electric Generation. Available: https://www.energy.ca.gov/data- reports/energy-almanac/california-electricity-data/2024-total-system-electric- generation#:~:text=In%202024%2C%20total%20system%20electric,(3%2C361%20GWh)%20from%202023. Accessed September 2025. 25 Clean Power Alliance (CPA). 2025. Rate Options. Available: https://cleanpoweralliance.org/rateoptions/. Accessed September 2025.
Environmental Checklist
Energy
Common Sense Exemption Report 45
California Edison default power mix of 31.4 percent eligible renewable (100 percent to fund solar energy sources), SCE’s “Green Rate 50 percent Option” (50 percent to fund solar energy sources), or SCE’s “Green Rate 100 percent Option”. However, these programs are currently not taking enrollments because interest has exceeded capacity.26
Impact Analysis
a. Would the project consume energy resources in a wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary amount during project construction and/or operation?
The CAP involves the adoption of a policy document to reduce Camarillo’s GHG emissions and does not in and of itself propose or grant entitlements for specific projects or development. The CAP would not result in a potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources. Rather, it would assist in reducing use of non- renewable energy resources in buildings and transportation and increasing the production of local renewable energy through Measure Cornerstone 1, Measures Building Energy 1 through 4, and Measures Mobility and Land Use 1 through 6. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to the wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy.
NO IMPACT
b. Would the project conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency?
The CAP contains climate action strategies to reduce communitywide GHG emissions, including Measures Building Energy 1 through 4 that encourage energy efficiency in buildings and increased production and use of renewable energy within Camarillo. The CAP would not conflict with or obstruct a State or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency and, rather, would align with the goals of SB 1020, CALGreen, and Title 24. Therefore, the CAP would result in no impact related to conflicts with or obstruction of a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency.
NO IMPACT
26 Southern California Edison (SCE). 2025. Green Rates. Available : https://www.sce.com/residential/rates/standard-residential-rate- plan/green-rates. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
46 7 Geology and Soils
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
Would the project:
a. Directly or indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including the
risk of loss, injury, or death involving
rupture of a known earthquake fault, as
delineated on the most recent Alquist-
Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map
issued by the State Geologist for the area
or based on other substantial evidence of
a known fault? □ □ □ ■
b. Directly or indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including the
risk of loss, injury, or death involving
strong seismic ground shaking? □ □ □ ■
c. Directly or indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including the
risk of loss, injury, or death involving
seismic-related ground failure, including
liquefaction? □ □ □ ■
d. Directly or indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including the
risk of loss, injury, or death involving
landslides? □ □ □ ■
e. Result in substantial soil erosion or the
loss of topsoil during project construction
and/or operation? □ □ □ ■
f. Be located on a geologic unit or soil that
is unstable, or that would become
unstable as a result of the project, and
potentially result in onsite or offsite
landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence,
liquefaction or collapse? □ □ □ ■
g. Be located on expansive soil, as defined
in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building
Code (1994), creating substantial direct
or indirect risks to life or property? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Checklist
Geology and Soils
Common Sense Exemption Report 47
Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
h. Have soils incapable of adequately
supporting the use of septic tanks or
alternative wastewater disposal systems
where sewers are not available for the
disposal of wastewater? □ □ □ ■
i. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique
paleontological resource or site or unique
geologic feature? □ □ □ ■
Environmental Setting
As discussed in the Camarillo General Plan Safety Element, there are many types of soils within Camarillo. Generally, soils in Camarillo are expansive in nature and have a high shrink-swell potential. Highly expansive soils are present in the east and west ends of the city. Less expansive soils are present in the core of the city.27
Subsidence is the ground settlement that results over time from the extraction of oil or groundwater. This process usually extends over a large area and occurs on a gradual basis so the settlement effects on a single site, relative to its immediate neighbors, may be negligible as the neighboring properties are also subsiding. Inundation is a potential secondary effect of subsidence in Ventura County. Both the ocean and the Santa Clara River could flood into depressed areas of the Oxnard Plain. The Santa Clara River is building up sediments within its present course while no longer adding deposits to the remainder of the Oxnard Plain. If the old deposition consolidates, a flood could change the river course and thus inundate the lower land. Extraction of oil and/ or water could increase the potential for such an occurrence and increase the area affected. Additionally, there are several active faults in or near the city including the Simi/ Santa Rosa fault zone, Bailey Fault, Camarillo Fault, Wright Road Fault, Sycamore Canyon and Boney Mountain Faults, Oak Ridge Fault, Ventura- Pitas Point and Country Club Faults, Red Mountain/ San Cayetano/ Santa Susana/ San Fernando Fault System, Santa Ynez Fault, North County Line Faults, and San Andreas Fault.
According to the Department of Conservation’s California Geological Survey, there are Alquist-Priolo Fault Zones along the perimeters of the city and have been several Alquist-Priolo site investigation reports.28
Impact Analysis
a. Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault?
27 Camarillo, City of. 2025. General Plan Safety Element Update. Available: https://www.ci.camarillo.ca.us/CC%20-%20RESOLUTION%20- %202025-73%20SAFETY%20ELEMENT%20UPDATE.pdf?t=202509251502180. Accessed September 2025. 28 California Department of Conservation. 2025. California Geological Survey. Available:
https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/informationwarehouse/apreports/. Accessed September 2025.
City of Camarillo
Camarillo Climate Action Plan
48 b. Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving strong seismic ground shaking? c. Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? d. Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving landslides?
Camarillo, like the rest of Southern California, is located within a seismically active region. A major earthquake and related ground shaking occurring in or near Camarillo could cause many casualties and deaths, along with extensive property damage. Ensuing incidents could involve landslides, fires, damaged roadways and utilities, power outages, and hazardous materials (hazmat) spills. Significant aftershocks could also increase damage to structures already weakened by the initial quake. There is also the possibility of flooding because of dam failures at Pyramid Lake and/or the Bard Reservoir (near Simi Valley). A major earthquake could exceed the response capabilities of first responders, the Ventura County Operational Area (OA), and the Cal OES. Damage control and disaster relief support would be likely required from other agencies and organizations.29 As a result of an earthquake, the City would be vulnerable to ground shaking, slope instability, landslides, and liquefaction. Liquefaction is a phenomenon involving the loss of shear strength of the soil. The shear strength loss results from the increase of poor water pressure caused by the rearrangement of soil particles induced by shaking or vibration. Included among the main areas of concern for liquefaction are Pleasant Valley, Santa Rosa Valley, and the Oxnard Plan.