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Attachment: Campbell Assessment Report 07.09.25 (Hazardous Vegetation Abatement) 2025 WEED ABATEMENT PROGRAM
CITY OF CAMPBELL
ASSESSMENT REPORT
Situs APN OWNER ADDRESS
TAX ROLL
AMT
Exhibit A
Tera sawa, Yoshinobu And Sachiko $105.00Jeffrey78120 404-24-070 Dhulipala, Viswanath L And Swarna $105.00Kenneth72521 404-26-014 Colvill, Nicholas S And Yamato- $105.00Sobrato73822 404-26-016 Tuber Robert S And Ross Christine L $105.00Sobrato65423 404-26-023 West Virginia Crossing Llc $105.00Kenneth99624 404-30-020 King, Nelson Trustee $105.00Sobrato91225 404-30-062
Lim, Chuck And Li , Helen Xiaoli $105.00Sobrato88826 404-30-064 Pacific Redbrick Partners Llc $105.00Sobrato80027 404-30-070 Li, Poking And Chen , Christine M $105.00Laura61128 404-31-001 Uhrowczik, Norma Trustee $105.00Laura62129 404-31-002
Uhrowczik, Norma Trustee $105.00Laura62930 404-31-003
Tiwari Tanya And Joshi, Aditya $105.00Sunnyoaks77531 404-32-014 Dreamhouse3 Investment Llc $315.00Sunnyoaks80332 404-32-016 Lo, Ping $201.00Sunnyoaks81733 404-32-017
Chau, Hien Quang And Tran , Loan $105.00Marilyn77234 404-32-045 Johnson, Thomas E $105.00Sharmon Pa
lms80535 404-32-054
Chern, Harry And Kathy K $105.00Sharmon Palms81736 404-32-055 Lim, Mui Chun And Wong , Tsuey Yi $105.00Marilyn74737 404-33-002 Noonan, Rhonda G Trustee $105.00Marilyn81538 404-33-013
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Attachment: Campbell Assessment Report 07.09.25 (Hazardous Vegetation Abatement) 2025 WEED ABATEMENT PROGRAM
CITY OF CAMPBELL
ASSESSMENT REPORT
Situs APN OWNER ADDRESS
TAX ROLL
AMT
Exhibit A
Pastre, Graciela Trustee $105.00Virginia94439 404-33-038 Tagatac, Ernest M And Sandra S $105.00Virginia58740 406-01-006 Altus, Chr
istina M And Stephen S $105.00Virginia62541 406-01-009
Nishijima Alice Et Al $105.00Hazel110342 406-02-027
Hsu Tracy Trustee & Et Al $210.00Hazelwood112143 406-02-034 Knight, Lee A $105.00Hazel90444 406-04-020
Tremain, Matt $3,745.27Linda95545 406-05-017
Lu, Eddie C And Lilien T Et Al $105.00Linda96546 406-05-018 Utschig, William G And Linda E $105.00Linda97547 406-05-019 Campbell, Douglas $105.00Linda97848 406-05-037
Schumacher, Richard $1,339.75Connie89149 406-05-045
Javanmard, Aria $105.00San Tomas Aquino93050 406-06-006 6a Holdings, Llc $210.00San Tomas Aqunio92051 406-06-007 6a Holdings, Llc $210.00Smith120052 406-06-009
Crossen, Dwight E And Judy D $201.00Kara90853 406-06-078 Tibbs, Kevin
W Trustee $105.00Bucknam86554 406-07-004
Vattadi, Tara $105.00Bucknam92555 406-07-010
Gamble, James P Trustee $105.00Lovell104656 406-07-016
Chui, Christopher Et Al $105.00Lovell103257 406-07-017
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Attachment: Campbell Assessment Report 07.09.25 (Hazardous Vegetation Abatement) 2025 WEED ABATEMENT PROGRAM
CITY OF CAMPBELL
ASSESSMENT REPORT
Situs APN OWNER ADDRESS
TAX ROLL
AMT
Exhibit A
Albrecht, Th omas Edward And $105.00Connie103058 406-07-036 Lau, Kenneth W And Irene Sujanto $105.00Connie100859 406-07-039 Makhota, Maxym And Iryna $105.00Connie97660 406-07-042
Khosravi Mehrdad $105.00Connie94861 406-07-044
Khosraviani, Esfandiar And $1,991.96Sunnyoaks87062 406-12-047 Kaplan, Gale H $210.00Sunnyoaks86463 406-12-048
Daftari-farahbakhsh, Nazanin Truste $105.00Steinway119064 406-16-008 Feber, David And Helen $105.00Hacienda123665 406-16-083 Klass, Kevin M And Sharon S Truste $105.00Steinway110966 406-17-001 Chuang, Bing Wen And Tan , Yen $105.00Steinway101767 406-17-035 Reher Brandon W And Kelley Anne $105.00Steinway102168 406-17-036 Huang, Wei H Et Al $105.00Steinway105269 406-17-042
Afshar Shabnam Et Al $105.00Virgina121770 406-18-051
Mccraven Elizabeth J $105.00Virginia123171 406-18-052
Fang Margaret Et Al $105.00Theresa120072 406-19-002
Magill John J And Margaret V $105.00Cora130073 406-19-004 Almasi,
Azita Trustee $2,887.80Hacienda70074 406-19-036
Dougherty, Robert S And Ellen M $105.00Theresa127075 406-19-054 Morris Richard M Trustee $105.00Theresa140476 406-23-024
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Attachment: Campbell Assessment Report 07.09.25 (Hazardous Vegetation Abatement) 2025 WEED ABATEMENT PROGRAM
CITY OF CAMPBELL
ASSESSMENT REPORT
Situs APN OWNER ADDRESS
TAX ROLL
AMT
Exhibit A
Aghazade h, Max And Cynthia E $105.00Theresa142977 406-23-027 Bilek, Bonnie J Trustee $105.00Theresa146178 406-23-029 Krag, Mark D Trustee $105.00Parr99979 406-23-038
Merrill, Nelda G Trustee & Et Al $105.00Vale156080 406-23-039 3932 Middletown Llc $105.00Audrey100181 406-24-002
Parisette, Regina Marahrens $105.00Audrey108082 406-24-023 Bridgejoin Llc $105.00Burrows142083 406-25-039
Chun Goon Jong And Hong So Young $210.00Bracebridge124684 406-25-044 Kobata, Kimiyo $105.00Camden150085 414-04-005
$26,558.36TOTAL
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Attachment: Campbell Assessment Report 07.09.25 (Hazardous Vegetation Abatement) City
Council
Report
TITLE: Public Hearing to Consider Adoption of an Ordinance to Extend Interim Ordinance No. 2331 Which Established Urgency Measures in Response to the 2018 Small Cell Order (FCC 18 -133) by the Federal Communications Commission (File No. PLN -2025-50) (Ordinance / Roll Call Vote)
RECOMMENDED ACTION
That the City Council adopt an ordinance to extend Interim Ordinance No. 2331, which established urgency measures in response to the 2018 Small Cell Order (FCC 18 -133) by the Federal Communications Commission.
BACKGROUND
On July 1, 2025, the City Council adopted Interim Ordinance No. 2331, establishing urgency measures to align the City’s regulations for wireless communications facilities with federal law. This action ensures continued compliance while providing time to develop more comprehensive, permanent policies.
The need for this interim ordinance arose because the City’s existing Wireless Ordinance, adopted in 2017, predates the Federal Communications Commission’s 2018 Declaratory Ruling and Third Report and Order (FCC -18-133), commonly referred to as the “2018 Small Cell Order.” That order significantly curtailed local authority over the siting and regulation of wireless facilities.
As a result, the City’s outdated permit processes have complicated the review and decision-making for new wireless facility applications, necessitating a timely update to the City’s regulatory framework.
DISCUSSION
Interim Ordinance No. 2331 is currently in effect for 45 days and will expire on August 16, 2025. Under Government Code Section 65858, the City Council may extend an interim ordinance for up to 10 months and 15 days following a duly noticed public hearing, with approval by a four-fifths vote.
Item: 15
Category: PUBLIC HEARINGS AND
INTRODUCTION OF
ORDINANCES
Meeting Date: August 4, 2025
15 Packet Pg. 190
Extension of Interim Ordinance No. 2331 (Wireless) Page 2 of 3 Staff recommends the City Council adopt the proposed extension for the maximum allowable duration, or until replaced by a permanent ordinance, whichever occurs first.
This will allow time to develop permanent regulations informed by stakeholder input.
PUBLIC FEEDBACK
At the time of report preparation, no public comments had been received. Community engagement is anticipated during the development of the permanent ordinance and through review of individual project applications under the discretionary processes outlined in Interim Ordinance No. 2331.
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION
Staff recommends that the City Council accept the determination that the adoption of this ordinance is not a “project” under CEQA Guidelines Section 15378, as it has no potential to cause a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment. This ordinance extends the effective period of Ordinance No. 2331 which established urgency measures to align the City’s regulations with federal requirements, including the FCC’s 2018 Small Cell Order, and does not authorize new development or physical alterations.
Additionally, if the adoption of this ordinance were considered a “project” under CEQA, staff further recommends that the Council find it exempt under the common sense exemption (Section 15061(b)(3)) because it can be seen with certainty that the ordinance will not result in significant environmental impacts, and find that the ordinance also qualifies for a categorical exemption under Section 15308, as it is a regulatory action taken to protect the environment while permanent regulations are developed.
FISCAL IMPACT
Because the interim ordinance allows more permits to be processed administratively, extending its effective period is expected to result in a modest ongoing reduction in permit fee revenue for the duration of the extension.
NEXT STEPS
If the extension is approved, staff will:
• Engage with stakeholders, including representatives of the wireless industry, business owners, and community members in development of a new permanent Wireless Communication Facilities Ordinance.
• Develop and return with regulatory recommendations for City Council consideration within the effective period of the Interim Ordinance.
ALTERNATIVES
1. Take no action allowing Interim Ordinance No. 2331 to expire on August 16, 15 Packet Pg. 191
Extension of Interim Ordinance No. 2331 (Wireless) Page 3 of 3 2025. [Note: This action is not recommended by staff since it would not provide adequate time for the City to develop and adopt permanent policies to replace those established by the Interim Ordinance.]
Prepared by:
Stephen Rose, Senior Planner
Reviewed by:
Rob Eastwood, Community
Development Director
Approved by:
Brian Loventhal, City Manager
Attachment:
a. Draft Ordinance
15 Packet Pg. 192
ORDINANCE NO.
BEING AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CAMPBELL EXTENDING URGENCY MEASURES IN RESPONSE TO THE 2018 SMALL CELL ORDER (FCC 18-133) ISSUED BY THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION. (FILE NO. PLN-2025-50)
WHEREAS, on September 19, 2017, the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 2226, which repealed the former, and enacted the current, Chapter 21.34 – Wireless Communications Facilities of the Campbell Municipal Code, which sets forth the City’s standards and procedures for the permitting and regulation of wireless communications facilities on private property in conjunction with the City’s adopted Wireless Facility Design Requirements, which were separately adopted by City Council Resolution No. 1226 on September 5, 2017;
WHEREAS, subsequent to the adoption of Ordinance No. 2226, the Federal Communications Commission issued its Declaratory Ruling and Third Report and Order (FCC 18-133), also known as the “2018 Small Cell Order,” which took effect on January 14, 2019, and significantly limited local authority over the siting and regulation of wireless facilities; WHEREAS, although the 2018 Small Cell Order primarily addresses installations within the public rights -of-way, it also affects private property by broadly interpreting the “effective prohibition” clause under the Federal Telecommunications Act. As a result, local jurisdictions must waive or modify development standards , including height limits and placement requirements, if those standards are found to “materially inhibit” the provision of wireless service, significantly restricting the City’s ability to enforce existing regulations; WHEREAS, pursuant to California Government Code section 65858 and Campbell Municipal Code Section 21.60.090, the City Council is authorized to adopt interim ordinances as urgency measures to protect the public health, safety, and welfare, upon finding that there is a current and immediate threat to the public health, safety, or welfare, and that the approval of additional permits or entitlements would result in that threat; WHEREAS, without interim regulations in place, the City may be forced to process wireless facility applications under outdated or legally vulnerable standards, potentially resulting in adverse aesthetic, environmental, and community impacts, and limiting the City’s ability to mitigate these concerns;
WHEREAS, on July 1, 2025, the City Council adopted Interim Ordinance No. 2331 to temporarily align the City’s wireless facility permitting process with federal law while permanent updates to local regulations are prepared;
WHEREAS, the Community Development Department is currently conducting a study to update the City’s zoning provisions to ensure consistency with current law and to safeguard the public health, safety, and welfare. This study is expected to be completed within a reasonable time, not to exceed the duration of this interim extension, or until a permanent ordinance is adopted, whichever occurs first;
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Attachment: Draft Ordinance (Extension of Interim Ordinance No. 2331 (Wireless))
WHEREAS, Government Code Section 65858 authorizes the City Council to extend an interim ordinance for an additional 10 months and 15 days following public notice and a duly held public hearing;
WHEREAS, this matter was duly noticed and considered at a public hearing in accordance with applicable law;
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that extending Interim Ordinance No. 2331 is necessary to preserve legally defensible local regulations consistent with federal law, while permanent regulations are developed and adopted through the standard legislative process;
WHEREAS, the City Council finds and determines that extending the previously adopted interim ordinance ( Ordinance No. 2331) would not be detrimental to the public interest, health, safety, convenience, or general welfare of the city and is internally consistent with other applicable provisions of the Campbell Municipal Code;
WHEREAS, based on the foregoing findings, the City Council further finds that an ongoing threat to public health, safety, or welfare remains, and that continued application of existing standards, requirements, and permitting procedures would exacerbate this threat.
These conditions, previously addressed by Interim Ordinance No. 2331, warrant its extension while permanent regulations are developed;
WHEREAS, the adoption of this ordinance does not constitute a “project” under CEQA Guidelines Section 15378, as it has no potential to cause either a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical impact on the environment. Alternatively, if deemed a project, the ordinance may be found exempt under the common sense exemption (Section 15061(b)(3)), as it can be seen with certainty that no significant environmental impacts will result, and under Section 15308, as a regulatory action taken to protect the environmen t during the preparation of permanent regulations;
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CAMPBELL DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1 (SEVERABILITY): If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of the Ordinance. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this interim ordinance and each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not declared invalid or unconstitutional without regard to whether any portion of the ord inance would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.
SECTION 2 (CEQA): This Ordinance is not a “project” under CEQA Guidelines Section 15378. Alternatively, it is exempt under the common sense exemption (Section 15061(b)(3)) and Section 15308, as a regulatory action taken to protect the environment.
SECTION 3 (CONFORMANCE WITH LAW ). Any provision of this Ordinance that conflicts with applicable state or federal law shall be interpreted and applied to achieve compliance.
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Attachment: Draft Ordinance (Extension of Interim Ordinance No. 2331 (Wireless))
The provisions of this Ordinance shall prevail over any inconsistent provision of the Campbell Municipal Code for the duration of its effectiveness.
SECTION 5 (PUBLICATION): The City Clerk shall cause this interim ordinance to be published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation within 15 days after its adoption in accordance with Government Code Section 36933.
SECTION 6 (EFFECTIVENESS): Interim Ordinance No. 2 331 is hereby extended for 10 months and fifteen days , or until it is superseded by adoption of superseding ordinance, whichever comes first.
PASSED AND ADOPTED this _____ day of ____________, 2025 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: Councilmembers:
NOES: Councilmembers:
ABSENT: Councilmembers:
ABSTAIN: Councilmembers:
APPROVED:
Sergio Lopez, Mayor
ATTEST:
Andrea Sanders, City Clerk
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Attachment: Draft Ordinance (Extension of Interim Ordinance No. 2331 (Wireless)) City
Council
Report
TITLE: Public Hearing to Consider an Interim Ordinance Adopting Urgency Measures to Implement Senate Bill No. 1123 (2024), as Amended by Assembly Bill No. 130 (2025), Regarding Ministerial Approval of Starter Home Projects. (File No. PLN -2025-62) (Ordinance / Roll Call Vote)
RECOMMENDED ACTION
It is recommended that City Council adopt an Interim Ordinance to implement Senate Bill No. 1123, as amended by Assembly Bill No. 130.
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION
Adoption of this interim ordinance is statutorily exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Government Code Sections 65852.28(e), 65913.4.5(b), and 66499.41(i).
BACKGROUND
At its July 1st meeting, the City Council adopted an interim ordinance to implement Senate Bill (SB) 1123, which took effect that same day. As detailed in the accompanying staff report (reference Attachment B), SB 1123, building upon 2023’s SB 684, establishes a ministerial approval process for small housing developments of up to 10 units. These projects are referred to as “starter home projects,” consistent with the statutory chaptering of the law under the “Starter Home Revitalization Act of 2021.” On June 30th, the day before the City Council meeting, the Governor signed Assembly Bill (AB) 130, a budget trailer bill that made immediate changes to various provisions of state housing law, including amendments affecting the review and approval of starter home projects. As a result, the City must adopt an updated interim ordinance to address these changes.
DISCUSSION
Staff has revised the interim ordinance as follows:
Item: 16
Category: PUBLIC HEARINGS AND
INTRODUCTION OF
ORDINANCES
Meeting Date: August 4, 2025
16 Packet Pg. 196
PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance Page 2 of 4 • Remainder Parcels : AB 130 allows a starter home project to designate a “remainder parcel” that is excluded from both the minimum density calculation and the 10 -parcel limit. This provision enables development on larger sites that would otherwise be ineligible due to density constraints. A remainder parcel must retain existing land uses or structures, may not contain new residential units, and cannot be exclusively dedicated to serving the starter home project (e.g., as a private driveway or resident -only open space). However, a remainder parcel may be developed in the future in accordance with other provisions of State law, except as a subsequent starter home project.
For example, a ¾ -acre single-family parcel that cannot meet the required minimum density for a ten -unit starter home project may designate a ¼ -acre portion as a remainder parcel. The ½ -acre portion could qualify as a compliant starter h ome project site, while the ¼ -acre remainder parcel could subsequently be subdivided through an SB 9 urban lot split.
• Sale, Lease, and Financing Restrictions . AB-130 introduced new restrictions on the sale, lease, or financing of parcels created through a starter home project to ensure orderly development. Specifically, no parcel may be sold, leased, or separately financed until a dwelling unit has been constructed and approved for occupancy, unless it qualifies for one of several enumerated exceptions.
The interim ordinance codifies these exceptions and authorizes the Community Development Director to grant project -specific exceptions through conditions of approval. Because Campbell requires concurrent review of mapping and development proposals as a single process, this restriction is less consequential than in jurisdictions where subdivision and construction are reviewed separately.
NEXT STEPS
California Government Code Section 65858 allows local jurisdictions to adopt an interim ordinance to implement urgency measures, providing sufficient time to address pressing land use matters. Consistent with State law, Campbell Municipal Code Section
21.60.090 (Interim Ordinance) similarly authorizes the City Council to adopt such measures on an interim basis, stating that "the City Council may take appropriate action to adopt an urgency measure, as an interim ordinance, in compliance with State law…" An interim ordinance requires a four -fifths vote of the City Council for adoption and is effective for no more than 45 days. The Council may extend the ordinance for an additional 10 months and 15 days following a noticed public hearing. Government Code Section 65858(a) further allows the City Council to adopt a final one -year extension beyond the first extension, subject to additional public notice and hearing requirements pursuant to Government Code Section 65090.
Staff will return to the City Council at the September 16th meeting to request an extension of the interim ordinance prior to the initial 45 -day expiration. It is anticipated 16 Packet Pg. 197
PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance Page 3 of 4 that the provisions of this interim ordinance will be incorporated into a pending Miscellaneous Municipal Code Update that will be brought to Council later this year.
PUBLIC OUTREACH
Following the July 1 City Council meeting, staff conducted an outreach effort via email (through a MailChimp campaign), the City’s social media channels , and the City website. These messages informed the public of the City’s adoption of a local ordinance implementing starter home projects and directed readers to a new webpage . The webpage includes information about the ordinance, eligibility criteria, and development standards, along with a comprehensive Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section and a density calculator to assess project eligibility.
FISCAL IMPACT
Adoption of the Interim Ordinance will facilitate implementation of mandatory state laws regarding starter home projects. Starter home projects can generate $25,000 to $30,000 in planning entitlement fees, $100,000 to $250,000 in plan review, permit, and mapping fees, and approximately $22,000 per new unit in park impact fees. They also increase assessed property values, leading to long -term gains in property tax revenue, of which the City receives a 10–11% share.
Prepared by:
Daniel Fama, Senior Planner
Reviewed by:
Rob Eastwood, Community
Development Director
Approved by:
Brian Loventhal, City Manager
16 Packet Pg. 198
PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance Page 4 of 4
Attachment:
a. SB-1123 Interim Ordinance (AB-130 Revised)
b. Staff Report
16 Packet Pg. 199
ORDINANCE NO.
AN INTERIM ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CAMPBELL ADOPTING URGENCY MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT SENATE BILL NO. 1123 (2024) AND ASSEMBLY BILL NO. 130 (2025), REGARDING MINISTERIAL APPROVAL OF STARTER
HOME PROJECTS
WHEREAS, on October 11, 2023, the Governor of the State of California signed into law Senate Bill No. 684 (Caballero), to add Sections 65852.28, 65913.4.5, and 66499.41 to the California Government Code, which collectively authorize a streamlined, ministerial approval process for housing development projects of ten or fewer residential units on urban lots under five acres, and allow the application of objective development and design standards; and WHEREAS, on September 19, 2024, the Governor signed into law Senate Bill No. 1123 (Caballero), "An act to amend Sections 65852.28 and 66499.41 of the California Government Code, relating to land use," which clarified and expanded the eligibility criteria for ministerial approval, including: permitting vacant single-family residential lots up to 1.5 acres; prohibiting the inclusion of accessory dwelling units (ADUs ) and junior accessory dwelling units (JADUs) in the 10 -unit cap; authorizing specified height limits on vacant lots; recognizing tenancy -in- common ownership structures; and reducing the minimum density for non -Housing Element sites to 66 percent of maximum allowable density; and
WHEREAS, on June 30, 2025, the Governor signed into law Assembly Bill No. 130 (Committee on Budget), a budget trailer bill that enacted immediate changes to numerous provisions of state housing law, including amendments to Government Code Section 66499.41 to clarify the treatment of remainder parcels, revise the relationship between unit construction and map recordation, and establish new limitations on the sale, lease, or financing of subdivided parcels prior to final inspection; and
WHEREAS, the provisions of Senate Bill No. 1123 and Assembly Bill No. 130 became operative on July 1, 2025, and in the absence of locally adopted development standards, requirements, and implementation procedures, the bill’s mandates could conflict with existing provisions of the Campbell Municipal Code and thereby create uncertainty, inconsistencies, and administrative obstacles to the implementation of the law; and WHEREAS, certain development standards, requirements, and permitting procedures in the Campbell Municipal Code are currently inconsistent with the provisions authorized under Senate Bill No. 1123, including but not limited to lot size minimums, land use definitions , and review procedures; and
WHEREAS, the Community Development Department is studying permanent revisions to the Zoning Code to implement the provisions of Senate Bill No. 1123 and to protect the public safety, health, and welfare; and
WHEREAS, to ensure compliance with Senate Bill No. 1123 prior to its operative date, this interim ordinance establishes ministerial approval procedures, eligibility criteria, subdivision requirements, and objective development standards for qualifying small -scale housing development projects, including provisions for vacant single -family parcels, minimum lot sizes, and affordability obligations; and
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Attachment: SB-1123 Interim Ordinance (AB-130 Revised) (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance)
WHEREAS, Interim Ordinance No. 2323, adopted on July 1, 2025, enacted urgency measures to implement Senate Bill No. 1123 prior to the adoption of Assembly Bill No. 130, and shall be repealed by this interim ordinance
WHEREAS, California Government Code Sections 65852.28(e), 65913.4.5(b) and 66499.41(i) authorize local governments to adopt ordinances implementing the provisions of Senate Bill No. 1123, as amended by Assembly Bill No. 130; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Government Code Section 65858 and Campbell Municipal Code Section 21.60.090, the City Council may adopt an interim ordinance as an urgency measure to protect the public health, safety, and welfare; and
WHEREAS, it is not the intent of this interim ordinance to preclude or deny approvals necessary for the development of housing projects that include a significant component of multifamily housing; and
WHEREAS, based on the foregoing findings, the City Council further finds that there exists a current and immediate threat to the public health, safety, and welfare, and that the approval of additional subdivisions, use permits, variances, building permits, or any other applicable entitlement for use in conflict with this ordinance would exacerbate that threat; and
WHEREAS, adoption of this interim ordinance is not a project for purposes of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), pursuant to California Government Code Sections 65852.28(e), 65913.4.5(b), and 66499.41(i), which exempt the implementation of these statutory provisions from CEQA review.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CAMPBELL DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1 (PURPOSE): This interim ordinance establishes temporary provisions to Title 21 (Zoning) of the Campbell Municipal Code to facilitate the construction of starter home projects and the creation of urban lot splits, as specified by Government Code Sections 65852.28, 65913.4.5, and 66499.41. These provisions ensure compliance with state law reiterating local standards and procedures for ministerial review of qualifying small-scale housing development projects and subdivisions. The provisions of this interim ordinance shall supersede any conflicting provisions within Title 21 (Zoning), all other provisions shall remain in full force and effect.
SECTION 2 (APPLICABILITY) : This interim ordinance applies exclusively to voluntary applications for "starter home projects," as defined herein. Property owners or their authorized representatives may continue to exercise subdivision rights for conforming subdivisions in compliance with Title 20 (Subdivision and Land Development) of the Campbell Municipal Code and the California Subdivision Map Act.
SECTION 3 (DEFINITIONS): In addition to the terms defined by Section 21.72.020 (Definitions of specialized terms and phrases) and Section 4 (Definitions) of interim ordinance No. 2321, the following terms shall have the following meanings as used in this interim ordinance. Where a conflict may exist, the definitions provided in this section shall prevail over any other definition.
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Attachment: SB-1123 Interim Ordinance (AB-130 Revised) (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance)
“Designated remainder parcel” means a portion of an existing lot that is neither included in nor exclusively dedicated to serving the starter home project, retains existing land uses or structures, is not proposed for new residential development, and is designated as a remainder in accordance with Government Code Section 66424.6.
“Final map” means a final map, including parcel maps, prepared in accordance with the Subdivision Map Act (Government Code Section 66410 et seq.) and Title 20 (Subdivisions and Land Development), and based upon an approved or conditionally approved tentative map.
“Living area ” means the finished and heated floor area fully enclosed by the inside surface of walls, windows, doors, and partitions, and having a headroom of at least six and one-half feet, including working, living, eating, cooking, sleeping, stair, hall, service, a nd storage areas, but excluding garages, carports, parking spaces, cellars, half -stories, and unfinished attics and basements.
“Starter home project ” means a proposal to create two or more new lots or new residential condominiums through the filing of a tentative map pursuant to Government Code Section 66499.41, for a housing development project containing no more than ten primary dwelling units in accordance with Government Code Section 65852.28.
"Tentative map" means a tentative map, including tentative parcel maps, prepared in accordance with the Subdivision Map Act (Government Code Section 66410 et seq.) and Title 20 (Subdivisions and Land Development).
"Vacant" means a lot having no permanent structure, unless the permanent structure is abandoned and deemed uninhabitable by the Building Official, excluding (1) housing that is subject to a recorded covenant, ordinance, or law that restricts rent or sales price t o levels affordable to persons and families of low, very low, or extremely low income; (2) housing that is subject to any form of rent or sales price control through a local public entity’s valid exercise of its police power; and (3) housing occupie d by tenants within the five years preceding the date of the starter home project application, including housing that has been demolished or that tenants have vacated prior to the submission of the application.
SECTION 4 (SITE ELIGIBILITY): A starter home project may only be created on a parcel(s) satisfying all of the following general requirements. An application for a starter home project on a parcel(s) not satisfying these requirements shall not be accepted by the Community Development Director pursuant to Section 21.38.040.E (Community Development Director’s determination):
A. Zoning district. The parcel(s) is located within one of the following zoning districts, as defined by Chapter 21.04 (Establishment of Zoning Districts):
1. A multi-family residential zoning district;
2. A mixed-use zoning district;
3. The Single-Family (R-1) Residential Zoning District, provided that the parcel is vacant;
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Attachment: SB-1123 Interim Ordinance (AB-130 Revised) (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance)
4. A legacy zoning district, provided that the parcel’s General Plan land use designation directly corresponds to a multi -family residential or mixed -use zoning district, as specified in Section 21.04.020, Table 21.04 -01 (Zoning Districts and General Plan Designations); or
5. A legacy zoning district, provided the parcel is vacant and its General Plan land use designation directly corresponds to the Single -Family (R -1) Residential Zoning District, as specified in Section 21.04.020, Table 21.04-01 (Zoning Districts and General Plan Designations).
B. Legal parcel. The parcel(s) has been legally created in compliance with Title 20 (Subdivisions and Land Development) and the Subdivision Map Act (Government Code Section 66410 et seq.), as applicable at the time the parcel(s) was created.
The City Engineer may require a certificate of compliance to verify conformance with this requirement.
C. Vacant parcel. A parcel located within the Single -Family (R-1) Residential Zoning District or a legacy zoning district with a low density residential Gen eral Plan land use designation, shall only be eligible for a starter home project if it will meet the definition of “vacant,” as provided in this interim ordinance, no later than the date of recordation of a final map or issuance of a building permit, whichever occurs first.
D. Lot area. The parcel(s) does not exceed the following net lot areas, based on the applicable zoning district:
1. If located within a multi-family residential or mixed-use zoning district: Five (5) acres; or
2. If located within the Single -Family (R-1) Residential zoning district: One and one-half (1½) acres.
E. Substantially surrounded by qualified urban uses. The parcel(s) abuts, or is separated only by an improved public right -of-way from, existing residential, commercial, institutional, public, retail, or transit uses (e.g., light rail lines or passenger terminals) along at least 75 percent of the lot’s perimeter. The remaining portion must abut, or be similarly separated from, properties designated for such uses in the General Plan.
F. Prior subdivisions. The parcel(s) was not created pursuant to Government Code Sections 66411.7 or 66499.41, in accordance with Chapter 20.14 (Urban Lot Splits) and this interim ordinance, respectively, including any designated remainder parcel, as defined herein.
G. Ellis Act. The parcel(s) is one in which an owner of residential real property has not exercised their rights under Chapter 12.75 (commencing with Section 7060) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code to withdraw accommodations from rent or lease within 15 years before the date of application for a starter home project.
H. Hazardous waste site . The parcel(s) is not identified as a hazardous waste site pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 or a hazardous waste site
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designated by the Department of Toxic Substances Control pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 25356.
Exception: This restriction shall not apply where the parcel has been cleared for residential use or mixed-use development by the Department of Public Health, State Water Resources Control Board, or Department of Toxic Substances Control.
I. Flood zone. The parcel(s) is not located within a special flood hazard area or a regulatory floodway, as shown on official maps published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Exception: This restriction shall not apply where FEMA has issued a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) or Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA) for the parcel(s), where the starter home project is constructed in compliance with Chapter 21.22 (Flood Damage Prevention), or where a no-rise certification has been granted in accordance with Section 60.3(d)(3) of Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
J. Earthquake fault zone. The parcel(s) is not located within a delineated earthquake fault zone, as identified in official maps published by the California Geological Survey.
Exception: This restriction shall not apply if the development complies with applicable seismic protection building code standards, including those adopted by the California Building Standards Commission under the California Building Standards Law (Part
2.5, commencing with Section 18901, of Division 13 of the Health and Safety Code) and Chapter 12.2 (commencing with Section 8875) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code, as determined by the Building Official.
K. Natural habitat. The parcel(s) is not recognized by the City as a habitat for protected species identified as candidate, sensitive, or species of special status by state or federal agencies, fully protected species, or species protected by the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. Section 1531 et seq.), the California Endangered Species Act (Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 2050) of Division 3 of the Fish and Game Code), or the Native Plant Protection Act (Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 1900) of Division 2 of the Fish and Game Code).
L. Fire hazard severity zone. The parcel(s) is not located within either (a) a very high fire hazard severity zone, as designated by the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Government Code Section 51178, or (b) a high or very high fire hazard severity zone as shown on maps adopted by the Department pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 4202.
M. Community conservation plan. The parcel(s) is not located on land identified for conservation in an adopted natural community conservation plan pursuant to the Natural Community Conservation Planning Act (Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 2800) of Division 3 of the Fish and Game C ode), habitat conservation plan pursuant to the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. Sec. 1531 et seq.), or other adopted natural resource protection plan, or subject to a conservation easement.
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N. Demolished housing. For a parcel(s) where a prior dwelling unit(s) was demolished within the last five years, the demolished unit(s) was not occupied by a tenant at any time during the five years preceding the date of the starter home project application.
The date of demolition shall be either the date a demolition permit was issued or the date the City documented that an unlawful demolition was performed without a permit.
Exception: This restriction shall not apply to housing that was destroyed by earthquake, fire, flood, wind, or other calamity or act of God or the public enemy, clearly beyond the control of the property owner, as determined by the Building Official.
SECTION 5 (PROJECT ELIGIBILITY). A starter home project shall only qualify for approval under this interim ordinance if the following eligibility requirements are satisfied. An application not eligible for approval as a starter home project shall not be accepted by the Community Development Director pursuant to Section 21.38.040.E (Community Development Director’s determination).
A. Number of units . The starter home project includes no more than ten primary dwelling units, excluding any junior accessory dwelling units.
B. Number of lots. The starter home project results in at least two, but no more than ten new lots, excluding common lots and any designated remainder parcel. For the purposes of this section, the term "lots" includes residential condominiums.
C. Minimum density . The starter home project satisfies the following minimum densities, as applicable.
1. Housing opportunity sites. For parcels identified as housing opportunity sites in the City’s Housing Element, the starter home project results in at least as many primary dwelling units as projected in the Housing Element, provided the number projected is ten or fewer. If the parcel is identified to accommodate low- or very low-income households, the project includes at least as many low- or very low-income units as projected, subject to a recorded affordability restriction for a period of 55 years in accordance with Chapter 21.24 (Inclusionary Housing Ordinance).
2. All other sites. For parcels not identified as housing opportunity sites in the Housing Element, the starter home project results in a number of primary dwelling units needed to achieve a density equal to the greater of the following, excluding the lot area of any designated remainder parcel from the calculation:
a. Sixty-six percent (66%) of the maximum allowable residential density for the parcel as established by the General Plan; or
b. 19.8 units per gross acre, as sixty-six percent (66%) of the default density specified in Government Code Section 65583.2(c)(3)(B).
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D. Replacement housing. If the starter home project includes demolition of existing dwelling units, other than those prohibited by subsection F (Existing housing), the project will create at least as many new residential dwelling units as will be demolished, in compliance with Government Code Section 66300.6.
E. Density bonus. The starter home project does not utilize Density Bonus Law pursuant to Government Code Section 65915 in a manner that results in more than ten primary dwelling units, including any density bonus units, or that includes requested waivers, concessions, or incentives that conflict with any requirement or standard mandated by Government Code Sections 65852.28, 65913.4.5, or 66499.41, or that would otherwise be contrary to state or federal law.
F. Existing housing. The starter home project does not result in the demolition or alteration of any of the following types of housing:
1. Housing that is subject to a recorded covenant, ordinance, or law that restricts rent or sale price to levels affordable to persons and families of low-, very low-, or extremely low-income;
2. Housing that is subject to any form of rent or price control through a public entity’s valid exercise of its police power; or
3. Housing that was occupied by tenants at any time within the five years preceding the date of the application for the starter home project, including housing that has been demolished or that tenants vacated prior to the application submission date.
SECTION 6 (OBJECTIVE STANDARDS ). A starter home project shall comply with the following objective standards, except as provided by Section 7 (Exceptions to objective standards). Standards provided elsewhere in the Multi-Family Development Design Standards (MFDDS), adopted pursuant to Chapter 21. 07 (Housing Development Regulations), not expressly identified in this section, shall not apply.
A. Subdivision standards. The subdivision proposed by a starter home project shall comply with Title 20 (Subdivisions and Land Development), including interim Chapter 20.13 (Subdivision Standards) and interim Section 20.16.030 (Action on tentative parcel maps), and the following objective standards.
1. Minimum net lot area. The subdivision shall result in lots that meet the following minimum net lot area requirements:
a. New lots, excluding common lots, created from a parcel in a multi- family residential or mixed-use zoning district shall have a minimum net lot area of 600 square feet.
b. New lots, excluding common lots, created from a vacant parcel in the Single-Family (R-1) Residential Zoning District shall have a minimum net lot area of 1,200 square feet.
2. Form of subdivision. The subdivision shall result in one of the following ownership forms:
a. Fee simple ownership lots;
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b. Common interest development s (including community apartment projects, condominium projects, planned developments, and stock cooperatives, as defined in Civil Code Section 4100);
c. Interests in a housing cooperative, as defined in Civil Code Section 817;
d. Lots owned by a community land trust, as defined in Government Code Section 66499.41(a)(4)(D); or
e. Interest in a tenancy in common, as described in Civil Code Section 685.
3. Map Act compliance. The subdivision shall conform to all applicable objective requirements of the Subdivision Map Act, except as otherwise expressly provided in this interim ordinance and Government Code Section 66499.41.
4. Utility access. Each new lot shall be served by the local water purveyor and the sanitation district.
5. Preservation of existing dwelling ownership. To ensure unified ownership of existing dwelling units is maintained, and in accordance with Government Code Section 66499.41(a)(13), the subdivision shall not result in any existing dwelling unit on the parcel being transferred or sold under a separate ownership title from any other existing dwelling unit on the same parcel. Examples of non-compliant subdivisions include, but are not limited to: (1) subdividing a parcel to create separate ownership titles for existing dwelling units, allowing them to be sold independently; (2) dividing a parcel with multiple detached units into separate parcels, each with its own title, permitting individual sales; and (3) converting existing rental units into condominiums, resulting in separate ownership titles for each unit.
B. Zoning standards. The primary dwelling units proposed by a starter home project shall comply with the general development standards provided by Table 1 (Starter Home Project Development Standards):
Table 1
(Starter Home Project Development Standards)
Development Standards Requirement (1) (2)
Minimum
Setbacks from
Original Lot Lines
(3)
Front
Primary
Dwelling
Unit
As specified by the applicable form-based-zone in MFDDS Chapter 3 (Sections 3.030 through 3.090), subsection ‘5’ (Building Placement)
Parking
Facilities
(4)
As specified by the applicable form-based-zone in MFDDS Chapter 3 (Sections 3.030 through 3.090), subsection ‘7’ (Parking), except that the front setback shall be reduced to 25 feet.
Interior Side
4 feet Rear
Street Side
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Minimum
Setbacks from
New Lot Lines (3)
(5)
Front
Primary
Dwelling
Unit
As specified by the applicable form-based-zone in MFDDS Chapter 3 (Sections 3.030 through 3.090), subsection ‘5’ (Building Placement) (6)
Parking
Facilities
(4)
As specified by the applicable form-based-zone in MFDDS Chapter 3 (Sections 3.030 through 3.090), subsection ‘7’ (Parking), except that the front setback shall be reduced to 25 feet.
Interior Side (when
between dwelling units)
(7) None, except as otherwise required by the California Building Code Rear (when between
dwelling units) (7)
Street Side 4 feet
Height Limitations
- Primary Dwelling
Units (8)
Maximum Number of
Stories As specified by the applicable form-based-zone in MFDDS Chapter 3 (Sections 3.030 through 3.090), subsection ‘4’ (Building Form) Maximum Overall
Building Height
Maximum Eave/Parapet
Height
No Maximum Minimum Ground Floor
Finish Level
Minimum Floor-to-Floor
(Ground Floor) Height
Building Intensity
Limitations
Maximum Floor Area No Maximum Maximum Lot Coverage
Separation Between Primary Dwelling Units
and Accessory Structures
As specified by Campbell Municipal Code Section
21.36.020 (Accessory structures)
Minimum Open Space Not Applicable
Living Area Minimum (each unit) 150 square feet, subject to the restrictions specified by Health and Safety Code Section 17958.1
Maximum (average) 1,750 square feet (9)
Notes:
1. Where a reference to the Multi-Family Development Design Standards (MFDDS) is provided, the standard shall apply to a lot line, rather than a design site line.
2. Starter home projects located in the Single-Family (R-1) Residential zoning district shall be assigned a presumed form-based-zone designation of T3 Neighborhood (T3N) in accordance with MFDDS § 2.040 (Relationships between zones in general plan land use de signations), as the most restrictive form-based zone assigned to land uses of comparable density.
3. See Section 21.18.040.B (Exceptions) for applicable exceptions to setback and building separation distance requirements.
4. Applies to the vehicular entry to garages, carports, and uncovered parking stalls, measured perpendicularly from the public right-of-way to the nearest point of the garage door, the threshold of a carport or garage entry (without doors), or the outer edge of a parking stall, respectively. All other applicable setbacks continue to apply to these parking facilities. This setback does not apply to parking facilities with vehicular entries that are angled or parallel to the public right-of-way.
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5. New lot lines include those proposed by a tentative map, as well as lot lines resulting from dedication of public right-of-way required pursuant to Chapter 11.24 (Street Improvements).
6. If a new front lot line is created as a result of a public right-of-way dedication pursuant to Chapter 11.24 (Street Improvements), the minimum front setback shall be reduced by an amount equal to the depth of the land required to be dedicated along that frontage
7. In the event a new side or rear lot line is created that is not located between dwelling units, a minimum setback of 4 feet shall apply
8. See Section 21.18.050 (Exceptions to height provisions) for applicable exceptions to the maximum height standard.
9. The average total living area shall be calculated by dividing the combined living area of all units in the starter home project by the total number of primary dwelling units.
C. Site development standards. Starter home projects shall comply with the applicable standards contained in Chapter 21.18 (Site Development Standards), Chapter 21.26 (Landscaping), Chapter 21.28 (Parking and Loading), and Chapter
21.32 (Tree Protection Regulations), except as modified or supplemented by the Multi-Family Development Design Standards (MFDDS) as specified below:
1. Fences and screens. Fences and screening shall comply with MFDDS Section 4.020 (Screening).
2. Landscaping and lighting. Landscaping and lighting shall comply with MFDDS Section 4.030 (Landscaping and Lighting), except that the tree preservation requirements of Chapter 21.32 (Tree Protection Regulations) shall not apply to any tree with a diameter (DBH) of 24 inches or less.
3. Parking. Parking facilities shall comply with MFDDS Section 4.040 (Parking and Loading), except that no more than one parking space (covered or uncovered) per primary dwelling unit shall be required for parcels that are not otherwise exempt from parking requirements under Section
21.28.045.A (Projects located within one-half mile of public transit).
4. Utilities and equipment. Utilities, equipment, and waste storage areas shall comply with MFDDS Section 4.050 (Service and Utility Standards), except that the requirement to replace overhead utility lines with new underground services, as provided in Section 21.18.140.B.2 (Frontage lines and poles), shall not apply.
D. Design standards . The design requirements of MFDDS Chapters 5 (Specific to Building Types), Chapter 6 (Specific to Private Frontage Types), and Chapter 7 (Architectural Standards) shall not apply to starter home projects, except for the bird- safe window treatment requirement specified in MFDDS Section 7.080 (Bird Safety), excluding subsection 1.B.
E. Other standards. In addition to the subdivision, zoning, and design standards set forth in this section, applications for starter home projects shall demonstrate compliance with the following general applicable requirements:
1. Accessibility. For starter home projects that include three or more dwelling units, accessible paths of travel, parking stalls, and adaptable dwelling units shall comply with the applicable provisions of California Building Code
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Chapter 11A, including Section 1102A.3.1. All ground floor dwelling units in buildings without elevators shall be designed as adaptable, incorporating features such as accessible entries, maneuvering clearances, and bathroom and kitchen configurations capable of future accessibility upgrades.
2. Accessory dwelling units. In accordance with Government Code Section 66499.41(g), accessory dwelling units shall not be permitted. However, one junior accessory dwelling unit is allowed per primary dwelling unit, provided it is located entirely within the living area of the associated primary dwelling unit.
3. Stormwater management. The type, location, and design of site design measures, source control measures, and stormwater treatment measures shall comply with Chapter 14.02 (Stormwater Pollution Control) and interim Chapter 20.13 (Subdivision Standards).
SECTION 7 (EXCEPTIONS TO OBJECTIVE STANDARD S). If any objective standards required by this interim ordinance , but not otherwise mandated or authorized under Government Code Sections 65852.28, 65913.4.5, or 66499.41, would have the effect of physically precluding a starter home project from achieving a density of up to 30 dwelling units per gross acre, the Commun ity Development Director shall grant an exception as specified below.
A. Request. A request for an exception shall be explicitly included in the application for a starter home project.
B. Fee. A request for an exception shall be subject to a fee as established by the City’s Schedule of Fees and Charges.
C. Determination. The Community Development Director shall grant an exception only to the minimum extent necessary to remove a physical constraint that would otherwise prevent the starter home project from achieving the number of primary dwelling units resulting from a density of no greater than 30 dwelling units per gross acre. An exception shall not be granted if the starter home project can feasibly be redesigned to comply with the objective standards of this interim ordinance while still achieving the allowable number of primary dwelling units with an average living area of 1,750 square feet per unit, without requiring a change from the proposed building type (e.g., townhomes, detached single family).
D. Remedy. If a disagreement arises regarding the Community Development Director’s application of this section, the procedures for interpretations in Section 21.02.030 (Procedures for interpretations) shall apply, including provisions for appeal.
SECTION 8 (GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS ). The following requirements and restrictions are generally applicable to all housing development projects and may be imposed as conditions of approval by the Community Development Director, as applicable.
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A. Acoustical studies. An acoustical study shall be submitted and its recommendations incorporated into the construction drawings, in compliance with Section 21.16.070 (Noise) and the Noise Element of the General Plan, prior to building permit issuance.
B. Air quality reports. An air quality report shall be submitted and its recommendations incorporated into the construction drawings, in compliance with General Plan Action COS-10.b, prior to building permit issuance.
C. Building and Fire Codes. Title 18 (Building Codes and Regulations) and Title 17 (Fire Protection), incorporating the California Building Code and California Fire Code, apply to all starter home projects.
D. Construction Management Plan. Prior to issuance of a building permit, a construction management plan defining best management practices to reduce construction noise and identifying proposed truck routes, in accordance with General Plan Action N-1.11, shall be provided.
E. Density bonus. If the starter home project utilizes Density Bonus Law pursuant to Government Code Section 65915, an affordable housing agreement, in accordance with Chapter 21.20 (Density Bonus and Other Incentives), shall be recorded prior to final map recordation.
F. Encroachment permits. Separate encroachment permits shall be required for the installation of utilities serving the starter home project, or as otherwise required by the City Engineer. Applicants shall apply for and pay all applicable fees for sanitary sewer, water, electric, and other utility work.
G. Homeowners’ association. If a starter home project includes a common ownership lot or otherwise constitutes a common interest development, a homeowners’ association shall be established in accordance with the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act (Part 5, commencing with Section 4000, of Division 4 of the Civil Code). A draft of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs) shall be submitted for review and approval by the City Attorney prior to final map recordation.
H. Inclusionary housing. In accordance with Government Code Section 66499.41(a)(7), the applicant shall provide affordable housing units or pay a fee in- lieu as may be required by Chapter 21.24 (Inclusionary Housing Ordinance), as well as any low- or very low-income units required by Section 21.25.050(C)(1) (Minimum density), as specified in Government Code Section 66499.41(a)(5)(A). An inclusionary housing agreement shall be recorded prior to final map recordation.
I. Landscaping maintenance. All landscaping shall be maintained in compliance with Section 21.26.040 (Landscaping maintenance requirements) and Section
21.16.110.C.2 (Landscape maintenance).
J. Park impact fee. A fee in-lieu of parkland dedication shall be paid in association with the creation of each new lot in compliance with Chapter 20.24 (Park Impact Fees and Park Land Dedication Subdivisions).
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K. Private maintenance agreements. If a homeowners’ association is not required, and shared maintenance of access ways, utilities, or other private infrastructure is necessary, a private maintenance agreement, road maintenance agreement, or other mechanism acceptable to the City Attorney shall be recorded prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy, consistent with Government Code Section 66499.41(b)(2).
L. Public improvements and dedications. The City Engineer may require the installation of public improvements and right-of-way dedications consistent with City standard specifications, to be provided in compliance with Chapter 11.24 (Street Improvements). A street improvement agreement obligating the installation of such improvements shall be recorded prior to final map recordation.
M. Site maintenance. All exterior areas of the project site shall be kept free from graffiti, trash, rubbish, and litter in compliance with Section 21.16.110 (Site maintenance).
N. Urban lot splits. New lots created by a starter home project shall not be further subdivided pursuant to Chapter 20.14 (Urban Lot Splits), consistent with Government Code Section 66499.41(h)(1). The Community Development Director shall require recordation of a deed restriction on each new lot created by the starter home project to document this restriction.
O. Waste management. Refuse and recycling receptacles shall be kept within the solid waste storage area except during collection, in accordance with Chapter 6.04 (Discarded Materials and Excluded Waste Management).
SECTION 9 (APPLICATION PROCESS ). Applications for starter home projects shall be submitted and processed in compliance with the following requirements:
A. Application types. Starter home projects shall be reviewed ministerially by the Community Development Director through concurrent consideration of a tentative map application for the proposed subdivision and a Zoning Clearance application for the housing development project to be constructed in conjunction with the subdivision. The permitting provisions of Chapter 21.42 (Site and Architectural Review) and Chapter 21.07 (Housing Development Regulations) shall not apply.
B. Application filing. Applications for starter home projects shall be filed concurrently with the Community Development Department, in accordance with Chapter 21.38 (Application Filing, Processing, and Fees).
C. Review process. The Community Development Director shall ministerially review applications for starter home projects in accordance with Chapter 21.39 (Ministerial Approvals). If the Community Development Director determines that the starter home project is eligible for approval and complies with the objective standards and general requirements of State law and this interim ordinance, as applicable, the Zoning Clearance and tentative map shall be approved.
D. Conditions of approval. Approval of a starter home project may include standard conditions of approval that are objective, non-discretionary, and uniformly applicable
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to housing development projects, as necessary to fulfill the requirements of this interim ordinance or any other applicable provision of the Municipal Code.
E. Approval expiration. Approval of a Zoning Clearance application and associated tentative map shall be valid for two years. Within this period, either the final map shall be recorded with the Office of the Santa Clara County Clerk-Recorder or a building permit for the starter home project shall be issued, in accordance with Section 21.56.030 (Permit time limits and extensions).
F. Disapproval. The Community Development Director may disapprove a starter home project that meets the requirements of this interim ordinance only if a written finding is made, based on a preponderance of the evidence, that the project would result in a specific, adverse impact on public health or safety, as defined in Government Code Section 65589.5(d)(2), and that no feasible method exists to satisfactorily mitigate or avoid the impact.
SECTION 10 (PROJECTS DEEMED APPROVED). If the City fails to approve the completed applications for a starter home project with sixty (60) days, and the project is deemed approved by operation of law, all applicable objective standards of this interim ordinance shall apply as conditions of approval. These standards shall apply to the same extent as if the project were approved ministerially pursuant to this interim ordinance.
SECTION 11 (EARLY BUILDING PERMIT ISSUANCE ). Notwithstanding Section 21.56.050 (Issuance of Building Permits), the Building Official shall issue a building permit for one or more primary dwelling units in a starter home project prior to recordation of a parcel map or tract map, provided the following criteria are met and the issuance is consistent with Government Code Section 65913.4.5.
A. Approved project. The starter home project has been approved by the Community Development Director.
B. Complete building permit application. A building permit application has been deemed complete by the Building Official pursuant to Government Code Section 65913.3(b).
C. Covenant and agreement. The property owner has executed and recorded a covenant and agreement, in a form acceptable to the City Attorney, stating that no final inspection, certificate of occupancy, or temporary certificate of occupancy shall be granted for any dwelling constructed under an early-issued building permit until the final map is recorded. The covenant and agreement shall be binding upon the property owner and all successors in interest.
D. Security. Any required right-of-way improvements or dedications imposed as a condition of the Community Development Director’s approval of a starter home project shall, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer, be secured by a bond or letter of credit as follows:
1. Amount. The bond or letter of credit shall be in an amount equal to three hundred percent (300%) of the City Engineer's estimated value of the required improvements.
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2. Timing. The bond or letter of credit shall be provided prior to issuance of a building permit.
3. Release. Upon completion of the required right-of-way improvements and/or dedications, the City Engineer shall release the bond or letter of credit and provide written documentation confirming that the property owner’s obligation has been fulfilled.
4. Form of surety. Letters of credit and performance bonds shall satisfy the following requirements:
a. Letters of credit shall be issued by a financial institution regulated by a state or federal agency and shall certify that the funds necessary to complete the required right-of-way improvements or dedications are on deposit and guaranteed for payment. An instrument of credit issued by a state, federal, or local government agency may also be accepted, provided the agency is financing at least twenty percent (20%) of the cost of the required improvements or dedications. b. Performance bonds shall be issued by one or more duly authorized corporate sureties and shall guarantee the required public improvements and/or right-of-way dedications.
E. Denial. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, the Building Official may deny the issuance of a building permit prior to recordation of a final map by making a written finding, based upon a preponderance of the evidence, that construction of the proposed structure or structures before recordation of the final map would have a specific, adverse impact, as defined and determined in paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Government Code Section 65589.5, upon public health and safety and for which there is no feasible method to satisfactorily mitigate or avoid the specific, adverse impact.
SECTION 12 (SALE, LEASE, AND FINANCING RESTRICTIONS): To ensure coordinated development and compliance with Government Code Section 66499.41(e) this section establishes limits on the sale, lease, or financing of newly created parcels within a starter home project.
A. Restriction. No parcel created through a starter home project may be sold, leased, or separately financed until a dwelling unit has been constructed on the parcel and approved for occupancy.
B. Exceptions. This restriction does not apply to the following types of parcels:
1. Parcels that contain an existing legally permitted dwelling unit;
2. Parcels reserved for internal circulation, open space, or other common areas;
3. The single remaining parcel in the starter home project, provided that all other parcels have been developed with a dwelling unit completed in compliance with all applicable provisions of the California Building Standards Code;
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4. Designated remainder parcels, as defined herein, subject to obtaining a certificate of compliance or conditional certificate of compliance; or
5. Parcels, as identified on a recorded final map, for which a condition of the Community Development Director’s approval of a starter home project expressly authorizes sale, lease, or financing prior to construction of a dwelling unit, subject to any limitations specified therein.
C. Implementation. The Community Development Director shall require, as a condition of starter home project approval, that the restrictions of this section be identified on the final map.
D. Violation. A sale, lease, or financing action in violation of this section shall constitute an illegal subdivision under the Subdivision Map Act and may be subject to the penalties and remedies provided in Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 66499.30) of the Government Code, including civil or criminal action by the City, the withholding of a certificate of occupancy, and the imposition of penalties or liens.
SECTION 13 (SEVERABILITY): If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this interim ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of the interim ordinance. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this interim ordinance and each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not declared invalid or unconstitutional without regard to whether any portion of the ordinance would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.
SECTION 14 (STATE LAW). Any provision of this interim ordinance which is inconsistent with Sections 65852.28, 65913.4.5, and 66499.41 of the California Government Code shall be interpreted in a manner which is the most limiting on the ability t o allow construction of two units to effectuate an urban lot split, but which is consistent with State law. The provisions of this interim ordinance shall supersede and take precedence over any inconsistent provision of the Campbell Municipal Code to that extent necessary to effect the provisions of this interim ordinance for the duration of its effectiveness.
SECTION 15 (REPEAL OF PRIOR INTERIM ORDINANCE): Interim Ordinance No. 2332 is hereby repealed and shall have no further force or effect upon the adoption of this interim ordinance.
SECTION 16 (PUBLICATION): The City Clerk shall cause this interim ordinance or a summary thereof to be published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation within 15 days after its adoption in accordance with Government Code Section 36933.
SECTION 17 (EFFECTIVENESS): This interim ordinance shall become effective immediately upon adoption for a period of 45 days, unless extended by the City Council.
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Attachment: SB-1123 Interim Ordinance (AB-130 Revised) (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance)
PASSED AND ADOPTED this _____ day of ____________, 2025 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: Councilmembers:
NOES: Councilmembers:
ABSENT: Councilmembers:
APPROVED:
________________________
Sergio Lopez, Mayor
ATTEST:
_______________________________
Andrea Sanders, City Clerk
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Attachment: SB-1123 Interim Ordinance (AB-130 Revised) (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance) City
Council
Report
TITLE: Public Hearing to Consider an Interim Ordinance Adopting Urgency Measures to Implement Senate Bill No. 1123 (2024), Regarding Ministerial Approval of Small -Scale Housing Subdivisions (File No.
PLN-2025-62) (Ordinance / Roll Call Vote)
RECOMMENDED ACTION
It is recommended that City Council adopt an Interim Ordinance to implement Senate Bill No. 1123.
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION
Adoption of this interim ordinance is statutorily exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Government Code Sections 65852.28(e), 65913.4.5(b), and 66499.41(i).
BACKGROUND
Senate Bill No. 684: Senate Bill 684 (SB 684) was signed into law by Governor Newsom in October 2023 and took effect on July 1, 2024. The legislation establishes a streamlined, ministerial approval process for housing development projects proposing no more than ten residential units and associated parcels, located within multifamily residential or mixed -use zoning districts that meet specified eligibility criteria. To encourage more modestly sized units that are “affordable by design,” the law limits the average living area to 1,750 square feet.
SB 684 prohibits local agencies from applying maximum density standards. However, to qualify, a project must meet or exceed the maximum General Plan density for the site 1.
Local governments may not impose parcel size or dimension requirements beyond a 600-square-foot minimum, nor may they adopt project -specific development standards, but may grant relief from otherwise applicable standards. The law also prohibits the application of development standards, such as setbacks and height limits, that would 1 For parcels identified in the Housing Element, a project must provide at least the number of units projected for that site, including the number of lower-income (low- or very low-income) units identified in the Housing Element.
Item: 10
Category: PUBLIC HEARINGS AND
INTRODUCTION OF
ORDINANCES
Meeting Date: July 1, 2025
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Attachment: Staff Report (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance) PLN-2025-62 | Interim Ordinance for SB 1123 Page 2 of 5 physically preclude construction of a project at a density of 30 dwelling units per acre or less.
2024 Interim Ordinance : To implement SB 684 locally, the City Council adopted an interim ordinance in June 2024. The ordinance established broad exemptions from the City’s Multifamily Development and Design Standards (MFDDS) , which were developed for larger-scale projects and are generally impractical for small infill developments. The ordinance also introduced targeted amendments to Title 20 (Subdivisions), applicable citywide, to ensure continued access, maintenance, and orderly lot configuration for all subdivisions, not just those processed under SB -684. Since this time, the City has accepted three SB -684 applications, two for townhome developments, and one to subdivide a property with multiple existing units into two parcels.
Senate Bill No. 1123 (SB -1123): Last year, the Legislature adopted and the Governor signed into law SB 1123, which introduces several notable changes to the original SB 684 legislation. These changes take effect July 1, 2025 and are summarized as follows:
• Maximum Density . For parcels not identified in the Housing Element, projects must now achieve at least 66% of the maximum General Plan density or 19.8 units per acre2, whichever is greater. This reduced minimum density requirement substantially expands the number of parcels eligible for development by establishing a density floor that can be met by conventional townhome projects. • Single-Family Residential Parcels. Projects may now be developed on “vacant” parcels located within single-family residential zones. The law defines “vacant” as a parcel with no permanent structures, or with structures that are abandoned and uninhabitable, subject to limited exceptions. For such parcels, newly created lots must have a minimum area of 1,200 square feet; however, cities may adopt a lower minimum lot size at their discretion.
Note: Under the density requirements noted above, a standard 6,000 square -foot single-family parcel would need to be developed with a minimum of three units/lots to qualify for approval. This distinguishes the law from SB -9/SB-450 urban lot splits, which allow single -family parcels to be divided into no more than two parcels.
• Height Requirements. The law now allows cities to apply their local height limits to qualifying projects, where previously, cities were compelled to allow height increases if a local limit would have physically precluded development at 30 units per acre. However, state Density Bonus Law remains available for projects that include below market rate (BMR) units and may still be used to request a waiver of local height limits or other development standards.
2 19.8 units per acre represents 66% of the 30 units/acre “Mullen minimum density.” 10 Packet Pg. 97
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Attachment: Staff Report (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance) PLN-2025-62 | Interim Ordinance for SB 1123 Page 3 of 5 • Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) . If a city allows ADUs or JADUs within a qualifying project —which is not currently required —the law now clarifies that these units do not count toward the ten-unit maximum.
• Maintenance of Fee Ownership . The law now prohibits the use of its subdivision provisions to divide a property with multiple existing dwelling units in a manner that would allow any unit to be sold separately under a new ownership title. This restriction is likely intended to prevent the conversion of existing rental housing into individually owned units that can be sold off on newly created parcels.
DISCUSSION
To comply with SB 1123, staff has prepared a new interim ordinance, included as Attachment A. Consistent with the City’s prior implementing ordinance for SB -684, the proposed ordinance continues the approach of providing broad exemptions from the Multifamily Development and Design Standards (MFDDS), other than its height/story and front setback requirements. In addition to satisfying State requirements, the ordinance incorporates several specific local measures. These reflect feedback provided by the Planni ng Commission at the May 13 study session on pending Miscellaneous Municipal Code Updates being prepared by staff. • Vacancy Status. While SB 1123 defines “vacant,” it does not explicitly specify when vacancy must be determined (although the statutory language suggests the date of application). As a result, the law creates an incentive for existing homes to be speculatively demolished to render a parcel eligible for a SB 1123 project approval. This could lead to the premature loss of viable housing without any guarantee that a new project will move forward, potentially leaving undeveloped blighted lots in established neighborhoods.
To address this concern, the interim ordinance would consider a lot to be “vacant” if a project proposes to demolish an existing home in association with an SB 1123 project. This would allow applications to proceed with SB 1123 projects avoiding a pre-mature demolition of housing and the creation of vacant lots. This will also reduce a barrier to entry by enabling developers to secure planning approval before demolishing an existing home, a condition lenders often require for project financing.
• Utility Undergrounding. The interim ordinance would exempt qualifying projects from the City’s frontage utility undergrounding requirements. “Frontage utilities” refers to overhead utility lines that run parallel to the street along a property’s frontage. This change better aligns infrastructure obligations with project scale, avoiding disproportionate costs for smaller infill developments. It also recognizes that undergrounding is typically infeasible due to the narrow street frontages of most eligible lots.
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Attachment: Staff Report (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance) PLN-2025-62 | Interim Ordinance for SB 1123 Page 4 of 5 • Tree Removal . Given the tight site constraints typical of infill projects allowed under SB-1123, the interim ordinance would allow trees measuring 24 inches or less in diameter to be removed by right, without a separate tree removal permit.
In such cases, trees would be removed only upon issuance of a grading permit to begin construction activity for a project. This change recognizes that per state housing laws, the city is generally compelled to allow removal of the tree if it would physically preclude the development of a housing project at the permitted density.
• Junior ADUs . The interim ordinance would allow Junior Accessory Dwelling Units (JADUs) to be included within a project, provided they are located within the allowable living area of the primary unit. This provision would also allow future homeowners to convert garages into JADUs. Standard ADUs, however, would remain prohibited, as allowed under State Law
NEXT STEPS
California Government Code Section 65858 allows local jurisdictions to adopt an interim ordinance to implement urgency measures, providing sufficient time to address pressing land use matters. Consistent with State law, Campbell Municipal Code Section
21.60.090 (Interim Ordinance) similarly authorizes the City Council to adopt such measures on an interim basis, stating that "the City Council may take appropriate action to adopt an urgency measure, as an interim ordinance, in compliance with State law…" An interim ordinance requires a four -fifths vote of the City Council for adoption and is effective for no more than 45 days. The Council may extend the ordinance for an additional 10 months and 15 days following a noticed public hearing. Government Code Section 65858(a) further allows the City Council to adopt a final one -year extension beyond the first extension, subject to additional public notice and hearing requirements pursuant to Government Code Section 65090.
Staff will return to the City Council at the August 4 meeting to request an extension of the interim ordinance prior to the initial 45 -day expiration. It is anticipated that the provisions of this interim ordinance will be incorporated into a pending Miscellaneous Municipal Code Update that will be brought to Council later this year.
The implementation of SB 1123 and this interim ordinance will result in the potential development of more ten unit housing projects throughout the city, including on single family properties, using a ministerial permitting process. As such, similar to the outreach conducted when the City adopted an interim ordinance implementing SB 450 affecting setback standards in single family neighborhoods earlier this year, the Community Development Department intends to send out a notification to stakeholders describing the changes allowed under SB 1123 , to occur prior to the August 4 Council meeting extending the ordinance.
FISCAL IMPACT
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Attachment: Staff Report (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance) PLN-2025-62 | Interim Ordinance for SB 1123 Page 5 of 5 Current economic conditions have severely limited the development of housing projects other than single -family and townhome developments. SB -1123 is expected to expeditiously facilitate the development of small -scale infill townhome projects throughout the City. These projects —comparable in scale to the 523 Union Avenue development currently under construction—can generate between $25,000 and $30,000 in planning entitlement fees, $100,000 to $250,000 in plan review, permit, and final mapping fees, and approximately $22,000 per new unit in park impact fees. In addition, these projects reset and increase the assessed value of properties, resulting in a long - term increase in property tax revenue, of which the City receives a 10–11% share.
ALTERNATIVE
If the Council does not adopt the interim ordinance, SB -1123 must still be implemented pursuant to State law. However, without local codification that reconciles the law with the City’s Zoning Code and adopts local standards as discussed in this report, its effectiveness will be reduced due to a lack of clarity and the continued application of more stringent requirements that may conflict with or frustrate the intent of the statute.
Prepared by:
Stephen Rose, Senior Planner
Reviewed by:
Rob Eastwood, Community
Development Director
Approved by:
Brian Loventhal, City Manager
Attachment:
a. Draft Interim Ordinance - SB 1123
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Attachment: Staff Report (PLN-2025-62 ~ Starter Home Projects Interim Ordinance) City
Council
Report
TITLE: West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study - Needs Analysis
RECOMMENDED ACTION
That the City Council receive the report and provide feedback on the First Phase report (Needs Analysis) for the West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study.
BACKGROUND
In July 2024, the City of Campbell allocated $100,000 in American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds to conduct a homeless needs analysis and feasibility study for the West Valley region, which includes the Cities of Campbell, Cupertino, Saratoga, Monte Sereno and the Town of Los Gatos. In December 2024, the City contracted with Good City Company to conduct a needs analysis and feasibility study and in Spring 2025, the City of Campbell developed and entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the other West Valley jurisdictions, recognizing that homelessness is a regional challenge and best addressed collaboratively.
The project consists of two components:
1. Phase 1 - Needs Analysis (Completed, this report)
2. Phase 2 - Feasibility Study (In Progress – Fall 2025) This report provides a summary of the completed Phase 1 - Needs Analysis , which outlines the current state of homelessness in the region, identifies service gaps, and informs the subsequent feasibility study to be conducted in the next phase.
DISCUSSION
The Needs Analysis report summarizes the state of the unhoused population in the West Valley area and service needs, utilizing available quantitative data, literature review of existing research and background material, and the results of interviews with key stakeholders, including service providers and currently homeless individuals in the area.
Item: 17
Category: NEW BUSINESS
Meeting Date: August 4, 2025
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West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study Needs Assessment Page 2 of 6 Key Findings
• Homelessness is a Serious Problem: At least 524 individuals across 322 households were counted as homeless in the West Valley area in 2024.
Approximately 40% of the population (214) sought shelter or services for the first time in 2024 while 51% have been homeless for two or more years. • Homelessness is Not One -Size-Fits-All: While there are many homeless individuals who visibly live on the street, there is also a large population who are living in their cars or in transitory sleeping arrangements that are hidden and not visible.
• Families and Youth: At least 38% of the unhoused population in the West Valley area consists of unaccompanied youth and families with children.
Challenges with Congregate Shelters
The Needs Analysis Report discusses several policy implications related to homelessness including funding, coordination across jurisdictions, conflicting policy objectives, demographic disparities, root causes of homelessness. It also describes challenges with the congregate shelter model that has typically been used to provide temporary / emergency housing for the unhoused. Many unhoused people avoid congregate shelters due to safety, privacy concerns, and restrictive rules. These shared, open -space facilities often feel unsafe or confining, especially for vulnerable individuals. Additional barriers include limited availability, long waitlists, and locations far from support networks. Strict rules, such as sobriety requirements and separating families, also deter use. Alternatives can include safe parking, hotel conversions, sanctioned campsites, and tiny home villages.
The West Valley Unhoused Population
The Needs Analysis provides a comprehensive summary and characterization of the unhoused population in the West Valley Area using data from the 2024 Vulnerability Index - Service Prioritization Decision Assistance Tool (VI-SPDAT) survey and the 2023 Point-in-Time Count (PIT Count). Point -in-Time data for 2025 is only available County - wide as of publication. Key findings are highlighted below:
• At least 524 individuals across 322 households were identified as homeless across the five West Valley cities, primarily associated with Campbell, Los Gatos, and Cupertino.
• There are about 200 new intakes of unhoused households per year for the West Valley area.
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West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study Needs Assessment Page 3 of 6 • Fifty-one percent of individuals in the West Valley have been homeless for two years or more, roughly double the national average, but lower than the rest of Santa Clara County.
• A higher rate of individuals in the West Valley are more recently homeless relative to the remainder of the County.
• Nineteen percent of homeless in the West Valley area are youth and nineteen percent are families with children.
• Hispanic/Latino, Black, and American Indian/Alaska Native/Indigenous individuals are substantially overrepresented relative to their share of the population in the West Valley.
• The West Valley area saw a higher domestic violence survivor rate and lower mental, physical, and alcohol/substance use rate than the remainder of the County.
• West Valley individuals were more likely to sleep in their car or couch surf and less likely to utilize a shelter bed than the remainder of the County. • The County-wide Point-in-Time homeless count increased countywide 5 percent between 2019 and 2023 and another 8.2 percent between 2023 and 2025.
Homeless Services in the West Valley
Interviews were conducted with representatives from the following stakeholder service providers groups: Hope's Corner, Abode Services, Los Gatos United Methodist Shower Ministry, Campbell Unhoused Coordinator, HomeFirst, Catholic Charities, LifeMoves, Amigos de Guadalupe, SVILC, St Lukes Pantry Program, WVCS, St Mary's Catholic Church, Silicon Valley Safe Parking, Destination: Home, and Saratoga Rotating Safe Car Park.
Gap Analysis
A homelessness services gap analysis was conducted in the West Valley region to identify unmet needs within the overall system for addressing homelessness. The gaps in service below were identified through interviews with service provider and jurisdiction staff and an assessment of research and best practices. Interviews with homeless individuals also aligned with these results. A lack of funding to support existing or new programs was a central theme across all the identified needs. As described below, there are some services available that serve the West Valley area but they are insufficient in size and scale to support the entire unhoused population (over 500 individuals).
Housing & Shelter
• Lack of affordable permanent housing, especially ELI (Extremely Low Income) housing units. Six Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) units are available for 17 Packet Pg. 224
West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study Needs Assessment Page 4 of 6 Seniors in Cupertino and six Rapid Rehousing units are available in Campbell. In addition, 23 PSH units that are planned as part of the VTA Winchester Station Project in Campbell. Although the project has been approved, it is not anticipated to be completed until 2029.
• Lack of sufficient shelters. There are no standing temporary or interim shelters in the West Valley of the congregate or non -congregate model. Inclement weather hotel vouchers are available or planned in Campbell and Los Gatos, other shelter options are geographically distant. The Los Gatos hotel voucher program has the capacity to serve approximately 14 households, while the City of Campbell’s program can provide about 900 hotel nights through its program which runs through the end of 2026.
• The two existing safe parking programs located in Saratoga, Cupertino, and Campbell can serve up to approximately one third of the known households living in cars. The two programs have the capacity to serve 40 participants annually. • Safety concerns with shelters and campsites
• Transience: moving frequently compounds the challenges of homelessness Service Delivery
• Lack of geographically centralized services
• Inadequate access to healthcare, mental health, and substance use treatment • Insufficient outreach and case management capacity. Abode provides approximately 22 households with intensive case management in Campbell, Los Gatos, and Saratoga, and West Valley Community Services provides case management to approximately 75 households in Cupertino and an additional 25 soft check-ins for Campbell, Los Gatos and Saratoga. In addition, there were 133 individuals that were engaged in Campbell through street outreach services from September 2024 to May 2025.
• Limited transportation options for accessing services • Lack of access to a mailing address or charged smart phone Systemic Gaps
• Lack of shared knowledge and coordination across service providers, jurisdictions, and city departments
• Difficulty in scaling community-based services
Feasibility Study
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West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study Needs Assessment Page 5 of 6 The next phase of the project will include analysis of potential approaches to prevent homelessness and serve the homeless. Possible program models that may be prioritized for analysis in the subsequent feasibility analysis are listed below.
Housing and Shelter
• Permanent Affordable Housing (construction, vouchers, preservation) • Interim Housing (Project Homekey-style approaches, tiny home villages, etc.) • Supportive & Transitional Housing (individual and family) • Rapid Rehousing
• Shelters (congregate and non-congregate)
• Safe Parking
• Sanctioned Camping Sites
Service Delivery
• Expanded Outreach and Casework (including expanding referrals to health, mental health, and substance services)
• Navigation Centers (fixed location associated with housing and mobile/interim) • Day Centers
• Showers and Laundry Services
• Meals
• Training for Law Enforcement Agencies
• Lockers (for secure storage of personal belongings)
• Transportation Support
• Connectivity Support (phones, Wi-Fi, charging, physical mail, training)
FISCAL IMPACT
There are no direct fiscal impacts associated with this item. Further exploration and implementation of proposed policies and programs a fter the completion of the West Valley Feasibility Study may require the City to commit additional resources. Any future implementation costs will be shared among the West Valley jurisdictions, and subject to further Council approval.
NEXT STEPS
Staff will present the completed West Valley Homelessness Feasibility Study in Fall 2025. At that time, Council will have the opportunity to review proposed programs and policies, and provide input on priorities for implementation.
Prepared by:
Eloiza Murillo-Garcia, Housing Program Manager
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West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study Needs Assessment Page 6 of 6 Reviewed by:
Rob Eastwood, Community
Development Director
Approved by:
Brian Loventhal, City Manager
Attachment:
a. West Valley Needs Analysis
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West Valley Homeless Services
Needs Analysis Report
City of Campbell
July 24, 2025
Prepare
d by:
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Acknowledgements
City of Campbell Community Development Department
Rob Eastwood, Community Development Director
Eloiza Murillo-Garcia, Housing Manager
Chris Miranda, Unhoused Specialist
West Valley Jurisdictions
City of Campbell
City of Cupertino
Town of Los Gatos
City of Monte Sereno
City of Saratoga
Good City Company
Nicholas Hamilton, AICP, Public Policy Lead
Aaron Aknin, AICP, Principal
Vera Gil, Housing Specialist
With Special Thanks to
County of Santa Clara, Office of Supportive Housing
Destination: Home
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Contents
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 KEY FINDINGS .............................................................................................................................. .................................. 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 2 Background ................................................................................................................................... 4 UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS TODAY ................................................................................................................. 4 POLICY CONTEXT .............................................................................................................................. ............................ 7 KEY POLICY IMPLICATIONS .............................................................................................................................. ............. 9 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. ............................ 13 Quantitative Needs Analysis ..................................................................................................... 15 Existing Programs, Services, and Systems .............................................................................. 20 PROGRAMS IDENTIFIED .............................................................................................................................. ................. 21 SYSTEMS AND SUPPORTS .............................................................................................................................. ............. 26 Interviews and Insights of Homeless Individuals ................................................................... 29 Gap Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 30 GAPS IN SERVICES FOR CURRENTLY HOMELESS PEOPLE .......................................................................................... 31 SYSTEMS GAPS .............................................................................................................................. .............................. 34 Conclusion & Next Steps ........................................................................................................... 35 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. ................... 35 List of Materials Consulted and Supporting Documents ...................................................... 40
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Attachment: West Valley Needs Analysis (West Valley Homeless Services Feasibility Study Needs Assessment)
NEEDS ANALYSIS REPORT 1
West Valley Homeless Services
Needs Analysis Report
City of Campbell
July 24, 2025
Executive Summary
The West Valley Homeless Services Needs Analysis Report analyzes the state of homelessness and homeless services in 2025 in the five West Valley cities of Santa Clara County: Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno, and Saratoga and identifies gaps in the services provided.
Key findings
x Homelessness is a Serious Problem: At least 524 individuals across 322 households were counted as homeless in the West Valley area in 2024. About 214 new homeless households sought shelter or services for the first time in 2024 and 51 percent have been homeless for two or more years.
x Homelessness is Not One-Size-Fits-All: While there are many homeless individuals who visibly live on the street, there is also a large population who are more hidden. Matching appropriate services to specific individuals is critical. x Impacts on Children: Nineteen percent of homeless households are unaccompanied youth and 19 percent are families with children. In addition, homelessness is associated with significant negative health and child development outcomes.
x Homelessness Affects Us All: Homelessness impacts all members of the community, not just those who are homeless. The effects on housed residents, the economy, and local government services are substantial. x Services and Housing Work: Permanent housing is critical, even if it is expensive and time-consuming. Immediate services are sometimes as important as housing.
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2 CITY OF CAMPBELL WEST VALLEY HOMELESS SERVICES JULY 24, 2025
Introduction
The West Valley cities are located in the heart of Silicon Valley, known for innovation and myriad globally recognized companies. While some of the highest median income zip codes in the state and country are in the area, it is also home to many people facing significant economic challenges. In 2023, Santa Clara County ranked sixth in the US for the prevalence of unsheltered individuals among major population centers, with 412 unsheltered people per 100,000 residents. This data is based on a point-in-time count conducted in January 2023. The County saw a 5 percent increase in homelessness in 2023 compared to 2019 1 and another 8.2 percent
increase between 2023 and 20252.
In July 2024, the City of Campbell allocated
$100,000 in American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA)
funds to conduct a homeless needs analysis and
feasibility study. In December 2024, the City
contracted with Good City Company to conduct a
needs assessment and feasibility study. Good City
Company is a local government consulting firm
based in Redwood City. The firm offers support
to local government agencies in the fields of
planning, economic development, housing, and
city manager’s office services.
The first phase of analysis is reflected in this
needs analysis report, which includes an analysis
of available quantitative data, existing
background material and research, and the
results of interviews with key stakeholders,
including service providers and currently homeless individuals in the area. The needs
1 Love, Hanna, and Tracy Hadden Loh. “Homelessness in US Cities and Downtowns: The Perception, the Reality, and How to Address Both.” Brookings Institution. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/homelessness-in-us-cities- and-downtowns/.
2 County of Santa Clara, California. “County of Santa Clara Releases Preliminary Results of 2025 Point‑in‑Time Homeless Count.” County News Center, June 20, 2025. Accessed July 17, 2025. https://news.santaclaracounty.gov/county-santa-clara-releases- preliminary-results-2025-point-time-homeless-count
“I care about the homeless
here, but I have young kids
and the quality-of-life
impact on families also
matters. The status quo
doesn’t work, and I know
we can do better than
this.”
Local Community Member
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NEEDS ANALYSIS REPORT 3
assessment describes existing services and identifies gaps in services impacting homelessness in the West Valley area. This analysis is intended to establish a baseline of existing conditions regarding homelessness in the West Valley and provide a foundation of information for a subsequent feasibility study for improved services.
Following the completion of this needs analysis, the project team will also conduct a feasibility analysis. A list of items likely to be analyzed in the feasibility study are included in the conclusions section of this needs analysis document.
Figure 1. The five West Valley Jurisdictions (Image credit: Santa Clara County LAFCO, Good City Company)
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4 CITY OF CAMPBELL WEST VALLEY HOMELESS SERVICES JULY 24, 2025
Background
Understanding Homelessness Today
Homelessness is a complex problem, impacting different segments of the community in different ways. Individuals and families at risk of homelessness face constant pressure from forces that ultimately push many into homelessness. These forces are magnified by the housing crisis and felt most acutely where the cost of housing is highest, such as the West Valley.
Addressing homelessness has been an increasing priority in the region, and there are social, public health, economic, and quality of life reasons that motivate this. However, there is also a broadly held moral belief that human beings should live with a level of dignity that is not possible to achieve while being homeless. While the problem can feel nearly impossible to solve, immediate services and long-term housing can substantially reduce homelessness and its negative impacts.
The first image of a homeless person that comes to mind for many is a single male with significant substance abuse and mental health issues. While this characterization represents a visible phenomenon, the data paints a more complex picture. There is also a large hidden population of homeless individuals and families. Across the West Valley cities, 37 percent of homeless households are unaccompanied youth or families with children, and 50 percent are male. Many homeless women and families with children are less visible. A recent study of homeless adults in California showed that a significant portion of homeless people reported not having used drugs regularly in the prior six months
3. Homeless people come from a wide range
of backgrounds, and while some come from outside the community, many were raised or were previously housed in the local community.
California’s housing challenges are well-documented and acutely felt across the entire West Valley of Santa Clara County. Statewide, nearly one-third of California renters pay more than 50
3 Baggett, Travis P., James J. O’Connell, Jesse M. Yedinak, and Thomas J. Stopka. “Illicit Substance Use and Treatment Access Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness.” JAMA 331, no. 12 (2024): 987–997. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.27922.
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NEEDS ANALYSIS REPORT 5
percent of their income toward rent4. California
is also home to a disproportionate number of
homeless residents. While the state is home to
12 percent of the nation’s population, the
homeless population makes up 22 percent of
the nation’s homeless population
5. In 2023,
Santa Clara County had approximately 10,028
people experiencing homelessness
6. This
translates to roughly 2.3 people per 1,000
residents. The West Valley ratio of homeless
people translates to 1.28 people per 1,000.
The high cost of housing is a central cause of
homelessness and is driven not only by demand
but also by the policy decisions and other
factors that have resulted in so few homes being
built relative to jobs. Job growth in the Bay Area
has far exceeded the production of housing for
decades
7. Homelessness is also a health issue. Health and medical issues are both an effect and cause of homelessness. Living on the street, in a car, RV, shelter, or couch surfing can be extraordinarily difficult and result in tremendous adverse social, medical, economic, and safety consequences
8. 4 California Department of Housing & Community Development. Addressing a Variety of Housing Challenges. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-and-research/addressing-variety-housing-challenges. California Department of Housing & Community Development. Addressing a Variety of Housing Challenges. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-and-research/addressing-variety-housing-challenges. 5 Ibid
6 County of Santa Clara and City of San José, "County of Santa Clara and City of San José Release Preliminary Results of 2023 Point-in-Time Homeless Census," County News Center, May 30, 2023, https://news.santaclaracounty.gov/news- release/county-santa-clara-and-city-san-jose-release-preliminary-results-2023-point-time. 7 Kober, Eric. “The Bay Area: The Land of Many Jobs and Too Few Homes.” Manhattan Institute. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://manhattan.institute/article/the-bay-area-the-land-of-many-jobs-and-too-few-homes. 8 Community Solutions. “The Costs and Harms of Homelessness: A Learning Brief Examining the Costs Borne by Individuals, Communities, Systems, and Society.” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://community.solutions/research-posts/the-costs-and- harms-of-homelessness/.
“We want to end
homelessness forever. Even
for people who have a nice
house here now, what
about their kids? What if
life throws their kids a
curveball? Not addressing
homelessness in a serious
way now may come back
to haunt them later.”
Local Homeless Resident
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Some studies have shown the average age of death for homeless individuals to be 44 years of age9. The stigma associated with homelessness can impact all aspects of life for those without a home, and research has shown a correlation between stigma and poorer mental and physical health outcomes
10. Medical debt and loss of work due to illness are major contributing factors to the economic causes of homelessness. Two-thirds of people who have filed for bankruptcy cite these two factors as the primary reason for their bankruptcy
11. While most people with medical debt do
not become homeless, research indicates that medical debt can significantly prolong periods of homelessness. Studies suggest that medical debt, even for relatively small amounts, can extend the length of time a person experiences homelessness by an additional two years on average. For those whose medical debt goes to collections, the impact on overall homelessness duration can be even more significant
12. While single, homeless men are often the most visible in communities, homeless women, families with children, and youth are also prevalent. Women who are homeless or experiencing housing instability are at significantly higher risk for sexual and physical violence
13. The impacts of homelessness on children and child development cannot be understated.
Homelessness and housing instability expose children to prolonged activation of stress responses, also known as “toxic stress,” which is in turn associated with greater instances of a
9 National Health Care for the Homeless Council. “Premature Mortality in Homeless Populations.” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://sbdww.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/PrematureMortalityFinal.pdf. 10 Reilly, Johanna, Angela Greenfield, Rebecca Gillam, and Peter L. H. Barrett. “A Systematic Review of the Effect of Stigma on the Health of People Experiencing Homelessness.” Health & Social Care in the Community 30, no. 6 (2022): 2128–2141. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13884.
11 Himmelstein, David U., Robert M. Lawless, Deborah Thorne, Pamela Foohey, and Steffie Woolhandler. “Medical Bankruptcy:
Still Common Despite the Affordable Care Act.” American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 3 (2019): 431–433. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304901
12 Bielenberg, Joseph E., Maren Futrell, Benjamin Stover, and Annette Hagopian. “Presence of Any Medical Debt Associated With Two Additional Years of Homelessness in a Seattle Sample.” INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 57 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958020923535. 13 Riley, Elise D., Jennifer Cohen, Kelly Knight, et al. “Violence and Emergency Department Use among Community-Recruited Women Who Experience Homelessness and Housing Instability.” Journal of Urban Health. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7010900/#CR5.
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variety of health, social, and developmental problems14. Homeless children are two to four times more likely to have a mental health issue requiring clinical evaluation than low-income children
15. Homeless infants are known to have poor birth outcomes, and homeless children are more likely to be diagnosed with respiratory infections, fevers, injuries, and nutritional problems than housed children16.
Homelessness impacts the entire community, not just those who are homeless. The impact on public services, particularly emergency room visits, is significant, with studies indicating homeless people use the emergency room significantly more than the general population, 17,
which are generally much more expensive than preventative care.
Other community and public health concerns include increased spread of communicable diseases due to lack of access to hygiene, healthcare, and shelter, and unsanitary conditions in campsites and improper waste disposal with impacts both to public health and the environment. Economic issues include potential reduction in property values or commercial activity in areas with visible homeless people or campsites. While harder to quantify, impacts on public safety and economic investment are widely perceived by communities at large. In addressing these concerns there is often a conflict between different policy objectives, as discussed below.
Policy Context
Local, State, and Federal housing policies, programs, and funding play a pivotal role in assisting local jurisdictions and service providers in preventing homelessness and addressing the homelessness crisis. Below, we will discuss how the West Valley municipalities, the State of California, and the Federal government all play vital roles in addressing homelessness.
14 Shonkoff, Jack P., Andrew S. Garner, et al. “The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress.” Pediatrics 129, no. 1 (2012): e232–e246; https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/129/1/e232/31628/The-Lifelong-Effects-of-Early- Childhood-Adversity
15 Bassuk, Ellen L., M. Beardslee, and J. Bassuk. “The Prevalence of Mental Illness in Homeless Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271536943.
16 Clark, Robin E., Marguerite E. Tracy, William B. Whitmore, et al. “Infants Exposed to Homelessness: Health, Health Care Use, and Health Spending from Birth to Age Six.” Health Affairs 38, no. 5 (2019): 721–728. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00090.
17 Vohra, Neha, et al. “Homelessness and the use of Emergency Department as a source of healthcare” International Journal of Emergency Medicine. https://intjem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12245-022-00435-3
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Each of the West Valley municipalities is mandated by State law to draft a Housing Element and submit the element to the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for review and approval. The Housing Element is one of seven mandated elements of each jurisdiction’s General Plan. The Housing Element process is complicated, but it essentially outlines how a city or county will plan for housing needs across different income levels. It is a policy document that identifies current and future housing needs, establishes goals and policies, and provides programs to address those needs, including affordable housing and housing for special needs populations, including homeless people and householders at risk of homelessness.
The State of California plays a role in enforcing State laws relating to housing development and providing resources to municipalities. HCD is responsible for reviewing and monitoring municipalities’ progress in implementing approved housing elements. In addition, State laws, such as Senate Bill 330 (SB 330) and Assembly Bill 1482 (AB 1482), place requirements on cities to streamline the housing development process, uphold renter protections and to comply with no net loss requirements relating to housing redevelopment. AB1482, the California Housing Crisis Act of 2019, provides a form of statewide rent control and just cause eviction protections for residential renters. It limits rent increases to five percent plus the local Consumer Price Index (CPI), or ten percent, whichever is less, and requires landlords to have a valid reason (just cause) to evict a tenant. The law went into effect on January 1, 2020, and is set to expire on January 1, 2030. SB 330, the Housing Crisis Act of 2019, is a California law that aims to address the State's housing shortage by streamlining the housing development process and protecting existing housing. It went into effect in 2020.
The State also provides annual funding allocations for affordable housing and homelessness services. HCD's Super NOFA (Super Notice of Funding Availability) was created to streamline and consolidate funding opportunities for affordable housing by combining previously separate funding streams into a single, streamlined application process for developers, aiming to make funds more accessible and equitable. The Super NOFA is broken down between ownership opportunities and multifamily opportunities. The Multifamily Super NOFA combines affordable development funding and funding opportunities for homeless military veterans. In addition, the State provides HomeKey and Homekey+ funding to provide transitional and permanent supportive housing for the homeless population.
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Santa Clara County’s Department of Office of Supportive Housing (OSH) receives Federal McKinney Act funding for homeless and homeless prevention programs. OSH is responsible for the Continuum of Care (COC) by coordinating the County-wide homeless response, allocating funding throughout the County, and coordinating the Point-in-Time (PIT) homeless count.
Key Policy Implications
Several key findings with policy implications can be drawn from an analysis of the literature and practices of surrounding jurisdictions and are listed below. A bibliography is also provided at the end of this report.
Funding
The current unpredictability of federal and state funding negatively impacts the fight against homelessness by making it difficult to plan and implement effective programs. This can potentially lead to increased homelessness and setbacks in progress. This funding instability also undermines the ability of service providers to maintain stable staffing and operations and continue to provide service levels.
Coordination
Coordination across sectors, jurisdictions, and departments within jurisdictions is critical to developing and implementing lasting impact. As described subsequently, the Continuum of Care model, coordinated entry, the facilitation of coordinated responses by Santa Clara County and the West Valley Cities, the work across departments within cities, and public-private partnerships such as Destination: Home are best practices already underway.
Much of this approach is reflected in the 2020-2025 Community Plan to End Homelessness, which is currently being updated and is also described later in this assessment. Its three goals are to: address the root causes of homelessness through system and policy change, improve the quality of life for unsheltered individuals, and create healthy neighborhoods for all, and expand homelessness prevention and housing programs to meet the need.
Conflicting Policy Objectives
In addressing homelessness, there is often a conflict between different policy objectives. Some approaches are tailored toward minimizing immediate negative impacts on the community at large, such as the removal of encampments. These may provide relief from quality-of-life issues in the immediate area but may also exacerbate the difficulties homeless people experience.
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While providing long-term housing solutions and preventing homelessness are broadly shared community goals, this approach may do little to address the immediate impacts of homelessness on either homeless people or the broader community. In practice, such policy choices are rarely an either-or choice, and a suite of approaches deployed together generally work best.
Challenges of Congregate Shelter
Many unhoused individuals and families prefer not to stay in congregate shelters for logical reasons. A congregate shelter is defined as a type of temporary housing facility that provides shelter for individuals and families in shared, open spaces with limited privacy. These challenges can result in many choosing to live in a car, RV, couch, or on the street18. Approximately twice as many homeless people live outside the shelter system as within it19. These challenges include:
x Concerns about safety and privacy in shelters. Communal living in homeless shelters can be a source of insecurity and unease for some individuals due to factors like the potential for theft, violence, and lack of privacy, especially for those with past traumatic experiences or vulnerable populations. Furthermore, restrictive rules and schedules, limited access to belongings, and the general feeling of being "dormed up" can contribute to a sense of confinement and disconnection.
x Lack of available shelter space, long waiting lists, or shelters are far or difficult to get to relative to where their social, economic, and health networks are located. x Shelters may prohibit pets, visitors, or a large volume of belongings. x While stringent sobriety requirements and the potential for separation of adults or families have been reduced at many facilities, particularly those that are not faith based, these remain concerns among homeless individuals and advocates.
18 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Understanding Encampments of People Experiencing Homelessness and Community Responses: Emerging Evidence as of Late 2018. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Understanding-Encampments.pdf. 19 Ibid
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Alternatives to the congregate model include safe parking programs, sanctioned camping sites, using hotels as temporary, transitional, or permanent non-congregate shelters, and the “tiny home” model of interim housing
20. Demographics and Disparities
The impacts on child development, families with children, and youth aging out of foster care cannot be understated.
21 According to a report from the Terner Institute, stark racial and ethnic disparities in California’s homelessness rates continue to grow22. For instance, despite making up a small percentage of the state's population, Black individuals are disproportionately represented in the homeless population, with a significant increase in their share of the unsheltered population. According to the report, “Black people in California experienced the highest rate of homelessness, about 205 people per 10,000—almost five times higher than the state’s overall homelessness rate of 44 per 10,000. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Native American and Indigenous, and multiracial people also experienced disparate homelessness rates compared to the state’s overall population.” Similar disproportionate rate of homelessness of Black, Hispanic, and Native individuals are reflected in Santa Clara County and the West Valley area
23. Importance of Housing
Affordable housing is crucial to addressing homelessness because it directly tackles the core issue: lack of stable, affordable housing. When people struggle to afford housing, they become vulnerable to losing their homes and falling into homelessness. By increasing the supply of affordable housing, the number of people experiencing homelessness decreases, and those currently experiencing homelessness find stable homes. When rents and property prices
20 Finnigan, Ryan. “Five Recent Trends in Homelessness in California.” Terner Center for Housing Innovation, UC Berkeley.
October 2023. https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Five-Trends-in-CA-Homelessness_Oct-2023-
5.pdf.
21 Murran, Sarah, and Emma Brady. “How Does Family Homelessness Impact on Children’s Development? A Critical Review of the Literature.” Child & Family Social Work 28, no. 2 (2023): 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12968. 22 Finnigan, Ryan. “Five Recent Trends in Homelessness in California.” Terner Center for Housing Innovation, UC Berkeley.
October 2023. https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Five-Trends-in-CA-Homelessness_Oct-2023-
5.pdf.
23 Olivet, Jeff, et al., SPARC/Destination: Home. “Race and Homelessness In Santa Clara County, California.” January 31, 2020. https://destinationhomesv.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/02/RacialEquityReport0131020.pdf?mc_cid=06a7865957&mc_eid=53a9a53ca3.
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increase and wages polarize or don't keep pace, low-income households are at higher risk of losing their housing and becoming homeless.
Short-term and long-term solutions to homelessness are crucial, with short-term interventions providing immediate relief and a path to long-term stability. Short-term solutions, like emergency shelters, offer shelter and access to immediate support services, including mental health and substance abuse programs and assistance. Long-term solutions, such as low barrier, rapid rehousing programs and permanent supportive housing, address many of the underlying dynamics of homelessness and enable individuals to achieve self-sufficiency.
Root Causes and Upstream Issues
Homelessness is a complex issue with certain factors being both a cause and impact of homelessness across economic, social, and personal domains. Some of the upstream causes of homelessness reflect broader dynamics in society, such as income inequality and healthcare access. Addressing them completely may be beyond the scope of local government, however, there are actions local governments can take—alone and in partnership—to make a significant positive impact.
Housing affordability relative to income is a key driver of homelessness
24. The importance of
local governments to encourage the production and preservation of housing at all income levels, and especially at the extremely low-income level, is exceedingly important. While local public subsidies for the development of units are important, the local land use regulatory tools of local government, including but not limited to inclusionary housing programs and community benefits agreements, may have even greater potential for impact.
Prevention of homelessness is crucial. Once someone becomes homeless it is significantly more difficult to get them back into permanent housing. The Homelessness Prevention System, piloted by Destination: Home
25 in 2017, is a nationally recognized model for homelessness prevention piloted in Silicon Valley. A six-year randomized control trial showed that immediate financial assistance to at risk families is a proven solution to keeping families from becoming
24 Powell, Alvin. “Why It’s So Hard to End Homelessness in America.” Harvard Gazette. January 2024. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/01/why-its-so-hard-to-end-homelessness-in-america/. 25 https://destinationhomesv.org/
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homeless26. Similarly, home sharing programs can be an important part of the homelessness prevention ecosystem as they can unlock lower cost housing options relatively quickly and serve to reduce social isolation. However, providers underscore that they are usually not practical for the rapid rehousing of people who are currently homeless. Although not ideal for every community, home-sharing programs have proven effective for achieving functional zero homelessness in many communities, such as Redondo Beach, California. Home-sharing programs are also an important part of the overall response to housing and homelessness in nearby counties such as San Mateo County, which operates a program in partnership with HIP Housing.
Another key tool of local government is raising awareness and promoting actions to address homelessness that can be made at the state or federal levels. Regional and subregional efforts to raise awareness and advocate for increased funding can often be a more effective approach than individual communities doing so alone.
Methodology
This research triangulates quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, and insights from best practices and other research. Quantitative analysis is based on the following core data sources:
2024 Vulnerability Index - Service Prioritization Decision Assistance Tool (VI-SPDAT): A survey and database used to collect data for the Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) and additional data that allows municipal staff to categorize and prioritize needs in the community.
2023 Point-in-Time Count (PIT Count): A count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless people on a single night in January.
Qualitative analysis is based on interviews with stakeholders that included local jurisdiction staff, service providers, and homeless individuals. Meetings and interviews with staff from Santa Clara County, and the cities of Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno, and Saratoga were conducted between February and April 2025.
26 Phillips, David, and James X. Sullivan. “Do Homelessness Prevention Programs Prevent Homelessness? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” The Review of Economics and Statistics (2023). https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01344.
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An initial list of service providers was developed in consultation with staff from Campbell, Santa Clara County, Destination: Home, and the four additional West Valley cities. Additional service providers were interviewed at the recommendation of some of the initial interviews. These stakeholders include service providers active in one or more of the five West Valley cities and are listed below. Service provider interviews were conducted between February and April 2025.
Interviews with currently homeless individuals were conducted in March and April 2025.
Interviews were conducted in person in March 2025 and were facilitated by Campbell’s Unhoused Specialist. Additional observational findings were also made in the field, including from individuals who did not wish to be interviewed. An additional interview was conducted via Zoom and email correspondence as a result of outreach made by a homeless advocate and homeless individual to the project team.
The quantitative and qualitative findings are supported by a literature review of relevant research and public documents regarding related topics, best practices understood in the field today. A list of key resources consulted is included as an attachment to this report.
Service Provider Stakeholders Interviewed
Hope's Corner Abode Services
Los Gatos United Methodist Shower Ministry Campbell Unhoused Specialist HomeFirst Catholic Charities
LifeMoves Amigos de Guadalupe
SVILC St Lukes Pantry Program
WVCS St Mary's Catholic Church
Silicon Valley Safe Parking Destination: Home
Saratoga Rotating Safe Car Park
Table 1. Service Provider Stakeholders Interviewed
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Quantitative Needs Analysis
Available quantitative data was analyzed across several factors including unduplicated intakes over time, location across each of the five cities, how long they have been homeless, and demographic breakdowns by age, gender, household (family) type, and race and ethnicity.
The number of homeless people by City, with the data from the Point-in-Time count (individuals) in blue and the data extrapolated from the VI-SPDAT entries (households) in green, is shown in Figure 2. While it is not reflected in the data presented, we know from prior VI- SPDAT data and interviews with service providers that some homeless people have recently been associated with Monte Sereno.
Figure 2. Homeless Counts by City
Each instance reflected in the data was input following a comprehensive methodology. While these numbers are among the best available, they should be understood to be an absolute floor for the instance of homelessness. This data does not attempt to quantify the total number of homeless people in the community. For example, someone would not be counted if they had not completed a VI-SPDAT assessment or were couch surfing or living in an RV on private property and not visible on the night of the Point-in-Time count. The two data sets were also developed using substantially different methodologies; no trend over time can be inferred from 92 81
48 00
209
60 95
19 0
50 100
150
200
250
Campbell Los Gatos Cupertino Monte Sereno Saratoga
Homeless Counts by City (2023 PIT Count, Total 221 Individuals) Homeless Counts by City (2024 VI-SPDAT, Total 383 Households)
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the VI-SPDAT data collected in 2024 relative to the Point-in-Time data collected in 2023. Point- in-Time data for 2025 is only available County-wide as of publication. The 2025 data indicates homelessness has increased by 8.2 percent since the 2023 count
27. Figure 3. Homeless Inflow - First Time VI-SPDAT Assessment 2016-2024 (VI-SPDAT)
Individuals in the Point-in-Time are included if they are seen on the morning of the count. In the counts, people are associated with a city based on where they are located on a specific night during the count. This involves identifying and counting individuals experiencing homelessness in shelters, transitional housing, or on the streets within the city's designated area. Whereas with the VI-SDAT assessment, the homeless individuals self-identify in which city they last lived, worked, where any children go to school, or where they spend most of their time. While multiple entries were allowed, only six households are counted in more than one West Valley jurisdiction.
27 County of Santa Clara, California. “County of Santa Clara Releases Preliminary Results of 2025 Point‑in‑Time Homeless Count.” County News Center, June 20, 2025. Accessed July 17, 2025. https://news.santaclaracounty.gov/county-santa-clara-releases- preliminary-results-2025-point-time-homeless-count
215
244
255
222
166
139 143
212 214
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
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Figure 3. Homeless Inflow - First Time VI-SPDAT Assessment 2016-2024, illustrates the number of first-time VI-SPDAT assessments during the corresponding years. It can be noted that the number of assessments was lower during the height of the COVID pandemic but sharply increased in 2023 to above the nine-year average of 201.
During the VI-SPDAT assessment, the homeless individuals or families are asked how long they have been homeless. Figure 8., below, shows the West Valley cities saw a higher percentage of individuals who are more recently experiencing homelessness than the remainder of the County.
It also shows that 51 percent have been homeless for two years or more. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines chronic homelessness as: "An individual who has been experiencing continuous homelessness for a year or more or has experienced at least four episodes of homelessness in the past three years, where each episode is at least 30 days in length"
28. While the exact percentage may vary slightly depending on the source, 20 percent of the homeless population in the U.S. is a commonly cited figure for those experiencing chronic homelessness. Also of concern is the high percentage of individuals becoming homeless between one week and three months.
28 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.hud.gov/.
Figure 4. Demographics by Gender in 2024 (VI-SPDAT) Figure 5. Household Type in 2024 (VI-SPDAT) 50% 50%
62%
38%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Man Woman / Other
By Gender
West Valley Cities (n=382)
Non-West Valley Cities (n=7,943)
63%
19% 19%
77%
17%
6%
Single Adult Families with Children Single Youth and
Young Adult
By Household Type (Based on
Type of VI-SPDAT Completed)
West Valley Cities (n=382)
Non-West Valley Cities (n=7,943)
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Figure 4. Demographics by Gender in 2024 (VI-SPDAT), indicates a much higher percentage of women clients in the West Valley geography than the remainder of the County (50 percent compared to 38 percent) while Figure 5. Household Type in 2024 (VI-SPDAT), indicates a significantly higher proportion of youth and young adults relative to the remainder of the County (19 percent compared to 6 percent).
Figure 9. Most Frequent Sleeping Location by Household in 2024, indicates West Valley individuals were more likely to sleep in their car or couch surf than the remainder of the County but less likely to utilize a shelter bed. It also shows 31 percent of households sleep outside and 28 percent in a car compared with 11 percent in shelters and 6 percent in transitional housing.
West Valley individuals were also more likely to be White and less likely to be Hispanic/Latino than the remainder of the County. The largest homeless population in the West Valley identifies as White and second largest as Hispanic, however, those who identify as Hispanic or Black are
Figure 6. Demographics by Age in 2024 (VI-SPDAT) Figure 7. Overall and Homeless Population in West Valley by Race and Ethnicity in 2024 (VI-SPDAT, ACS)
20% 19%
21%
16%
15%
10%9%
21%
25%
19%
18%
8%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 or
Above
West Valley Cities (n=382)
Non-West Valley Cities (n=7,943)
0%
46%
1%
8%
5%
0%
39%
8%
6%
15%
52%
0%
3%
23%
7%
6%
14%
35%
1%
3%
42%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
American Indian, Alaska
Native, or Indigenous
Asian or Asian American
Black, African American, or
African
Hispanic/Latina/e/o
Other
Native Hawaiian or Pacific
Islander
White (Non-
Hispanic/Latina/e/o)
WV Homeless Individuals by Race and Ethnicity (2024 VI- SPDAT)
Non-WV Homeless Individuals by Race and Ethnicity
(2024 VI-SPDAT)
Population Estimates (2023 ACS)
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Figure 8. Time Since Lived in Permanent Stable Housing for 2024 First Time VI-SPDAT Assessment Households (VI-SPDAT) Figure 9. Most Frequent Sleeping Location by Household in 2024 (VI-SPDAT)
Figure 10. By Self-Reported Disability/Vulnerability (VI-SPDAT)
Figure 11. By Level of Housing Intervention (Based on VI- SPDAT Score)
60%
13%
9%
7%
9%
2%
51%
13%
7%
10%
16%
4%
2 years or more
1 - 2 years
6 months to 1 year
3 - 6 months
1 week - 3 months
Less than a week
West Valley Cities (n=382)
Non-West Valley Cities (n=7,943)
5%
7%
16%
8%
21%
41%
5%
8%
12%
16%
28%
31%
Transitional
Housing
Other
Shelters/
Safe Haven
Couch
Surfing
Car
Outdoors
West Valley Cities (n=382)
Non-West Valley Cities (n=7,943)
45%
27%
24%
19%
43%
34%
30%
26%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Domestic
Violence
Survivor
Mental
Health
Physical Drinking and
Drug Use
West Valley Cities (n=382)
Non-West Valley Cities (n=7,943)
7%
42%
51%
7%
33%
60%
Minimal RRH Range PSH Range
West Valley Cities (n=382)
Non-West Valley Cities (n=7,943)
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substantially overrepresented relative to the general population. Overall percentages for each race/ethnicity from the American Community Survey (ACS)29 are provided for comparison. The race/ethnicity percentage is taken against the overall numbers from the ACS and VI-SPDAT, which rely on different methodologies. The relative percentages should be considered as indicative, but no inferences should be made at a granular level.
Figure 10. By Self-Reported Disability/Vulnerability (VI-SPDAT) indicates a higher domestic violence survivor rate and lower mental, physical, and drinking/drug use rate than the remainder of the County. Figure 11. By Level of Housing Intervention (Based on VI-SPDAT Score) shows a higher share of clients appropriate for Rapid Rehousing and lower for Permanent Supportive Housing than the rest of the County.
The VI-SPDAT data shows the homeless population in the West Valley cities is largely single adults, unaccompanied youth and families with children make up 37 percent of homeless households. An unaccompanied youth is defined as someone under the age of 21 who is living either on the streets, in a youth shelter or “couch surfing” and has no adult relative accompanying them. Also of note is that females make up 48 percent of the population, roughly equivalent to the general population. However, women and families tend to be less visible.
Homeless women may be less visible on the local streets because women may be in domestic abuse shelters and families avoid being seen on the street for fear that their children may be taken away from them. Also, during the days, children attend school, and parents are often working and remain less visible.
Existing Programs, Services, and Systems
Good City Company contacted the five West Valley cities to interview key staff members on services that the cities were funding and providing and services being provided by other community partners. Numerous participants, including service providers, local agencies, data collectors, and strategy and program development support, are striving to address one or more aspects of homelessness. The programs identified through the research to date are described below.
29 United States Census Bureau. “2023 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, American Community Survey (ACS).” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://data.census.gov/table?q=DP05&g=160XX00US0610345,0617610,0644112,0648956,0670280.
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Programs Identified
Table 2, below, is a brief overview of each of the services. A short narrative on each program being offered is also provided, with information on the number of clients being served. In the feasibility portion of this report, more details on the overall services will be provided, such as hotel vouchers, rotating safe parking, safe parking programs, etc.
Jurisdiction Clients
Served
Annually
(approx.)
Services
Provided
Service
Provider
Description
Los Gatos 14 Hotel Voucher
Program
City of Los
Gatos/Los
Gatos Faith
based
community
The City provides hotel vouchers
during inclement weather
Los Gatos 29 Food Pantry/
Clothing/Laun
dry/Showers
Faith based
community
Faith based community provides
lunches, laundry vouchers, clothing
to homeless people
Campbell TBD Hotel Voucher
Program
Silicon Valley
Independent
Living Center
Provides hotel vouchers during
inclement weather, phase II will
expand to include older adults and
disabilities
Campbell 20 (13/night) Silicon Valley
Safe Parking
Program, car
repair funding
and gas cards
Amigos de
Guadalupe/Fai
th based
community
Provides safe parking along with case
management, workshops,
Community Nights, laundry cards,
showers, car repair funds, and gas
cards
Campbell 133 Unhoused
Specialist
Staffing
Position
Destination:
Home Grant
Campbell received a grant to cover
the salary for an unhoused specialist
for three years.
Monte
Sereno
N/A Funding Unidentified The City has set aside $20,000 in its budget to provide homeless
services in the West Valley region.
The Council has yet to identify a
project to support.
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Jurisdiction Clients
Served
Annually
(approx.)
Services
Provided
Service
Provider
Description
Saratoga,
Cupertino
(portions of
San Jose)
20 (up to) Rotating Safe
Car Park
Faith based
community
Safe parking program operates in
Saratoga and West San Jose at local
churches. Wi-Fi and food provided.
Cupertino,
Saratoga,
Campbell,
Los Gatos
75 Cupertino;
25 soft check-
ins for
Saratoga,
Campbell, Los
Gatos
Ready to eat
meals,
clothing, vet
services, park-
it market, Case
management
West Valley
Community
Services
WVCS provides services at its
Cupertino location and with its
mobile food pantry. Services include
case management, ready-to-eat
meals, clothing, veterinary services
for pets, and dental clinics.
Campbell,
Los Gatos,
Saratoga
22 Case
management
Abode
Services
Provides case management in three
of the West Valley cities.
Throughout
Santa Clara
County
TBC Homeless
Healthcare
Programs
Santa Clara
Valley
Healthcare
Mobile clinic and street medicine
team
Throughout
Santa Clara
County
94 Case
management,
transitional
housing, and
shelters in the
County
LifeMoves Tiny Homes and transitional shelters
serve WV residents outside of those
jurisdictions
Throughout
Santa Clara
County
18 Temporary
housing and
support
services for
youth
Bill Wilson
Center
Shelters are not located in the WV
cities, but services are offered to all
WV cities.
Los Gatos Hotel Voucher Program
In June 2023, the Town of Los Gatos Town Council approved $50,000 for unhoused services. Of the $50,000, $10,000 was allocated to a shower ministry program, $20,000 towards a temporary Table 2. Existing Programs and Services Overview
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restroom and $20,000 for a hotel voucher program.
The program has provided 211 hotel nights booked during emergencies triggered by severe weather conditions like extreme heat (100 degrees Fahrenheit), extreme cold (below 40 degrees Fahrenheit), poor air quality (above 150 on the Air Quality Index), and/or medical situations requiring a short-term stay. The hotel vouchers are only available to known members of the Los Gatos’ homeless community. There are currently nineteen people on this known unhoused list (14 have used the vouchers at places like Los Gatos Lodge, the Garden Inn, and the Best Western). There have also been three qualifying “medical stays.”
Los Gatos Food Pantry, Clothing Closet, Laundry Voucher, and Showers Los Gatos Methodist Church conducts a weekly outreach program on Thursdays from 2–3:30 PM at the church gym, offering showers, lunch, toiletries, and new socks and undergarments.
The program is primarily funded by the congregation and community donations, with the Town of Los Gatos contributing funding to cover cleaning services for the showers. The program serves 8–14 mostly senior, male regulars. St. Vincent de Paul provides laundry vouchers, and gift cards to places like Subway and Togo's are also distributed.
Bill Wilson Cetner
The Bill Wilson Center (BWC) offers a range of services to the West Valley Cities, including temporary housing, mental health care, supportive services, and advocacy, with a focus on ending youth and family homelessness. They provide services to runaway and homeless youth, young adults, and families, helping them develop self-confidence and personal assets. The Bill Wilson Center provided services to 18 households affiliated with the West Valley in 2024.
Abode
Abode is a major homeless services provider in the Bay Area and provides a variety of services, including interim housing. Abode provided targeted street outreach services to 22 high vulnerability individuals affiliated with the West Valley in 2024
Campbell Hotel Voucher Program
In December 2024, the City of Campbell City Council allocated $147,500 to the Silicon Valley Independent Living Center (SVILC) to operate a hotel voucher program serving homeless
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people. The two-year pilot program offers up to 30 nights a year in the city’s Motel 6 for homeless individuals and families, as well as those on the verge of homelessness. In total, the program could provide up to nine hundred overnight stays over the two-year period. SVILC will provide support services during the stays, including mental health services, job support, case management, referrals to substance abuse programs, and food.
Silicon Valley Safe Parking Program
The Silicon Valley Safe Parking Program (SVSP) partners with Amigos de Guadalupe, the City of Campbell, and the City of San Jose, and operates in Campbell and Willow Glen/West San Jose.
The program provides rotating safe parking sites at local churches. Through a grant from the City of Campbell, Amigos de Guadalupe offers a car repair program and gas cards. In addition, a contract from the Santa Clara County’s OSH funds case management, workshops, community meals, laundry cards, and free shower access. In addition to support services, such as referrals to mental health and substance abuse programs, clients may receive assistance to pay for car registration or minor car repairs.
Campbell Unhoused Specialist
The City of Campbell has a budgeted
Unhoused Specialist position that had been
filled throughout the first half of 2025 but was
recently vacated. The position is funded for the
next three years by a grant from Destination:
Home. The specialist proactively conducts
outreach in the streets and other publicly
accessible areas to connect individuals with
services and support. Key activities include
identifying homeless individuals, engaging in
conversations with them, and conducting a VI-
SPDAT intake survey to determine eligibility for
housing programs such as permanent
supportive housing, transitional housing, and
rapid rehousing. The specialist provides
information about available community
resources and services such as food pantries
and the shelter hotline phone number. They
Figure 12. Hygiene Kit (Image credit: City of Campbell)
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also distribute hygiene kits (soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, deodorant, shampoo, etc.), and has bottles of water and other frequently needed supplies. The specialist also plays an important role in providing feedback to City staff regarding the needs of homeless people in the community.
Rotating Safe Car Park (RSCP)
The Rotating Safe Car Park operates in the West
Valley, mostly in Cupertino, West San Jose, and
Saratoga. The faith-based community commits
to serving up to sixteen vehicles for at least one
month and up to three months per calendar
year. Participants park overnight at the current
RSCP location and receive access to additional
supportive services. Each location offers a
hospitality hour where guests can socialize and
enjoy home-cooked meals or snack foods.
Personal items (e.g., socks, toothbrushes,
sleeping bags) are distributed, as needed.
Amigos de Guadelupe also provides case
management to some of the program
participants.
West Valley Community Services Programs
West Valley Community Services (WVCS) offers
services to Cupertino, Los Gatos, and Saratoga. WVCS has a mobile market which serves clients living in Los Gatos, Saratoga, and West San Jose with barriers to transportation. The homeless people in these communities can also receive ready-to-eat meals and fresh fruit or vegetables from the mobile market. The organization offers pop-up dental and pet clinics at the WVCS site in Cupertino. WVCS’s Haven to Home Program serves the homeless community by providing supportive services and resources. The Haven to Home program offers homeless clients access to food, bus passes, laundry funds, hygiene kits, shelter referrals, safe parking, and employment resources. In addition to the services, the agency also partners with the Rotating Safe Car Park to provide support services.
“It is a difficult and time-
consuming to recruit new
churches and other
community organizations
to host safe parking sites.
Community members have
valid concerns. They can be
overcome, but it can take a
long time.”
Brian Link, Silicon Valley Safe Parking
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Santa Clara Valley Healthcare Homeless Healthcare Programs The Valley Homeless Healthcare Program includes fixed location clinics and three mobile health centers30. This overall program operates at a much larger geography across Santa Clara County that includes the West Valley cities. The Backpack Homeless Healthcare Program utilizes a “street medicine” program to send trained professionals with medical supplies to provide healthcare services to people where they are located
31. An after-hours nurse advice hotline is
also available.
Other agencies also provided services to households affiliated with the West Valley in 2024, including emergency shelter beds. These include HomeFirst (125 households) LifeMoves (80 households), the Salvation Army (23 households), Family Supportive Housing - San Jose Family Shelter (16 households), People Assisting the Homeless (9 households), and Willow Glen Studios at Pedro Street interim housing (6 households), When available, the vast majority of emergency shelter beds in the County are located within the City of San Jose, with additional shelter locations in Sunnyvale, Mountain View, Gilroy, Santa Clara, and Palo Alto.
Systems and Supports
Santa Clara County Continuum of Care (CoC)
In 1995, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) introduced a new policy requiring communities to submit a single application for McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Grants. This streamlined approach aimed at enhancing coordination among housing and service providers on a local level and promotes the development of Continuums of Care (CoCs). By mandating a single application, HUD sought to encourage a more structured and strategic approach to both housing and service provision for homeless individuals. CoCs, in turn, offered a strategic framework by providing homeless households with housing and services tailored to their diverse needs. HUD distributes funding to Santa Clara County through the Continuum of Care Program, and in turn, the Santa Clara County CoC distributes funding to programs serving Santa Clara County.
30 Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. “Valley Homeless Healthcare Program (VHHP).” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://scvmc.scvh.org/hospitals-clinics/valley-homeless-health-care-program-vhhp. 31 Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. “Backpack Homeless Healthcare Program.” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://scvmc.scvh.org/hospitals-clinics/valley-homeless-health-care-program-vhhp/backpack-homeless-healthcare- program.
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In Santa Clara County, the CoC is made up of a group of stakeholders committed to ending and preventing homelessness in our community. CoC responsibilities include implementing community-wide efforts to end homelessness and ensuring programmatic and systemic effectiveness. Through CoC, the County has implemented a coordinated entry process to match homeless people to community resources. The CoC is also charged with tracking and managing homeless households in its area of coverage. This includes the biannual homeless counts referred to as the Point-in-Time count.
In 2024, the County of Santa Clara received nearly $48 million in Continuum of Care grants to provide rental subsidies and supportive services to vulnerable populations, including people fleeing domestic violence, youth transitioning out of foster care, and to address homelessness and those at risk of homelessness. These grants are the County’s largest source of federal funding to address homelessness, ensuring people are housed and have necessary supportive services. It also helps fund the HMIS system that tracks homelessness data.
Coordinated Entry
The coordinated entry system is designed to help homeless people find housing and support services more efficiently. It creates a standardized, consistent process for accessing services, assessing needs, prioritizing those most in need, and connecting people with appropriate resources. In the County’s coordinated entry system, any homeless individual can complete a standard assessment tool called the Vulnerability Index-Service Prioritization Decision Assessment Tool or VI-SPDAT. This assessment considers a household’s situation and identifies the best type of housing program to serve you.
VI-SPDAT
VI-SPDAT (Vulnerability Index - Service Prioritization Decision Assistance Tool) is a survey used to assess the needs and vulnerabilities of individuals experiencing or at risk of homelessness. It helps prioritize those most in need of available supportive, transitional, or permanent housing.
The VI-SPIDAT assessment is organized into steps. First, trained community partners conduct the VI-SPIDAT assessment at shelters, support service locations, or while conducting outreach.
The gathered information is entered into the HMIS system, and the households/individuals receive a vulnerability score. After receiving the vulnerability score, clients are placed in the community queue, based on the score, for Rapid Rehousing (RR), Transitional Housing (TH), or Public Housing and Supportive Services (PSH). Eligible households who are the most vulnerable and the most in need will be connected to available housing programs first.
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HMIS
HMIS is an acronym for Homeless Management Information System. It is a database that collects and tracks data on homeless individuals and families or those at risk of becoming homeless. HMIS coordinated entry gathers information on demographics, housing status, service needs, and other relevant data points about individuals and families served by homeless assistance programs. This database helps agencies coordinate services, track outcomes, and improve the overall effectiveness of programs for homeless households. Participation in HMIS is a federal requirement for agencies to access federal funding.
2020-2025 Community Plan to End Homelessness
In 2015, community partners joined forces to create a roadmap for ending homelessness in Santa Clara County. The plan centered around a collaborative response and the Housing First model. The 2020-2025 Community Plan to End Homelessness, which was endorsed by every city in the County, set an ambitious goal to create 6,000 new housing opportunities and identified innovative strategies and programs for reducing homelessness. The 2020–2025 Community Plan to End Homelessness, which serves as a roadmap for ending homelessness in Santa Clara County, is organized around three main strategies:
1) Address the root causes of homelessness through system and policy change. 2) Improve the quality of life for unsheltered individuals and create healthy neighborhoods for all.
3) Expand homelessness prevention and housing programs to meet the need.
An update to the Community Plan is underway, and additional information is expected to be available around the time of publication of this report.
Destination: Home
Destination: Home, a public-private partnership, aims to end homelessness. Founded in 2008, it emerged from a Blue-Ribbon Commission’s recognition of the need for a collaborative approach to achieve collective impact in our community. In 2011, Destination: Home officially became an initiative of the Health Trust and played a pivotal role in launching Housing 1,000, a three-year campaign to house 1,000 of the most vulnerable chronically homeless individuals,
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including men, women, and families. The
campaign’s success paved the way for the
adoption of a Housing First approach in Santa
Clara County and laid the foundation for the
2016 voter approval of a historic $950 million
investment in affordable housing in Santa Clara
County, Measure A. In 2017, Destination: Home
transitioned into a Supporting Organization
under the umbrella of the Silicon Valley
Community Foundation.
Destination: Home convenes and collaborates with stakeholders across our community to advance strategies that address the root causes of homelessness and help ensure that all community members have a chance for a stable home. The organization advocates policies, develops ideas and programs, and invests in strategies that reduce and prevent homelessness.
West Valley Jurisdiction Homeless Services Collaboration Since 2023, staff from the West Valley city’s Community Development and Housing Departments have been meeting monthly to collaborate and share resources in addressing homelessness and housing goals. The cities have collectively sponsored a housing fair, including service providers with unhoused services, and have met with affordable housing developers to discuss opportunities for development.
While there is a lack of dedicated homeless shelters in the vicinity of the five West Valley cities, they have all agreed to collaborate on a feasibility study to explore the feasibility of a shelter and other support services and programs that could be offered. A Memorandum of Understanding among the five cities was developed in Fall of 2024. The cities also continue to work with the County of Santa Clara and other organizations to provide resources and support.
Interviews and Insights of Homeless Individuals
Central themes from in-depth interviews with three homeless individuals in the West Valley area are described below. Most of the individuals were raised in the West Valley area, while one had moved to the Bay Area approximately three years prior. Note that these themes were all “Not having housing is life
threatening.”
Local Homeless Resident
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consistent with the conversations and interviews separately conducted by the Campbell Unhoused Specialist in their interactions.
General Themes
x All expressed a notably elevated level of concern for others living on the street. x All felt that broader community is not bothered by the existence of homeless people within their own community, but that they are bothered when they must see it.
Needs Identified by Homeless Individuals
A generally consistent set of needs was identified by the homeless individuals we spoke with.
Permanent housing was the top need, followed by several other needs, listed in approximate order of priority:
x Permanent Housing (including permanent
supportive housing)
x Transportation access (specifically free or
discounted transit passes)
x Health care access (including doctors’
offices, pharmacy, and OTC meds)
x Lack of somewhere to safely store
possessions/things are regularly stolen
x Difficulty charging phones
x Difficulty of moving from one camping
site to another camping site
x Difficulty in participating processes to
address homelessness
Gap Analysis
A homeless services gap analysis is a tool used to identify unmet needs within a community's system for addressing homelessness. It helps pinpoint areas where services are lacking or insufficient, allowing for better resource allocation and targeted interventions. It assesses the current system and compares it to what is needed to effectively address homelessness. “It is the government’s job
to overcome the chaos of
homelessness and provide
real solutions.”
Local Homeless Resident
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Gaps in Services for Currently Homeless People
The gaps in service described below are informed by service providers and City and County staff and an assessment of research and best practices. Most were also reinforced by conversations held with homeless individuals.
Housing
Affordable housing, whether temporary or permanent, is a high need not just in the West Valley, but throughout Santa Clara County and California. According to Destination:
Home, at least 75 percent of Santa Clara County’s homeless population are unsheltered.
This means they are living on the streets, in vehicles, tents or other places not suitable for habitation. Although jurisdictions in the West Valley offer safe parking sites and hotel stays, none of these are classified as transitional or permanent housing. Housing to serve homeless households specifically includes the following:
Permanent affordable housing includes the construction of 100 percent affordable developments, inclusionary units,, the provision of Section 8 vouchers, and the rehabilitation of existing units to serve the extremely low-income. In addition, extremely low-income (ELI) units can be provided in mixed-income housing developments.
Permanent supportive housing combines longer-term rental assistance with supportive services and case management for individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. In the West Valley area there are presently six units of permanent supportive housing in Cupertino and 23 that have been approved in Campbell.
32 Temporary shelters, both congregate and non-congregate, include warming centers, cold weather shelters, and shelters associated with navigation centers. Santa Clara County has the largest total population of homeless individuals, the highest rate of unsheltered homeless, and lowest shelter beds relative to individuals needing support of any of the nine Bay Area counties. When shelter beds are available in other parts of the County, barriers to connecting West Valley residents to those beds include transportation challenges and the disruption of existing geographically rooted social, health, and economic networks. Currently, the Town of Los Gatos offers hotel stays for inclement
32 County of Santa Clara, Office of Supportive Housing, Supportive Housing Development Update, January 28, 2025, https://files.santaclaracounty.gov/exjcpb1571/2025-01/housing-bond-report-25.pdf.
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weather to approximately 29 known unhoused individuals. The program has served 14 individuals over the last year. The City of Campbell recently started a hotel stay program, which will offer up to 30 nights a year for unhoused individuals and families, as well as those on the brink of homelessness. That could amount to as many as 900 overnight stays over the two-year trial period. Silicon Valley Independent Living Center provides support services during the stays, including mental health care, job support, connections to housing programs, case management, substance abuse programs, and food.
Physically Coordinated Services
Service providers believe the homeless community could benefit from multiple service providers being available at one location, whether it is a brick-and-mortar navigation center like the San Mateo County Navigation Center or a mobile navigation center that travels to various locations. Despite outreach workers’ best efforts, it is often more effective for service providers to engage with households in their current living location or encampments. Currently, physically coordinated navigation services are not available in any of the West Valley jurisdictions.
Safety
Some people experiencing homelessness
may choose to sleep on the street instead
of in a shelter due to various factors,
including safety concerns, mental health
issues, and a preference for their routines
and independence. Shelters can feel
overwhelming due to crowded
environments, rules, and a perceived lack
of safety, even though sleeping on the
street may leave them more vulnerable.
Transience
Moving frequently is difficult for homeless people. They try to stay in areas where they are comfortable living but are often asked to move by property owners or law enforcement. This means that they must relocate several times a month or even during a week. Moving can often be additionally destabilizing. This is a problem which will impact “People steal stuff. They
will steal it right out from
under you when you are
asleep.”
Local Homeless Resident
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nearly all unhoused individuals and families.
Transportation
Transportation has been mentioned multiple times by service providers as something that is lacking for the West Valley unhoused. Often, major bus lines are only available along the larger corridors. Transportation options are needed for the mobility-challenged to access health care appointments and to access shelter opportunities. Interviews with stakeholders and support service providers indicate that very few of the unhoused are able to secure transit passes.
Healthcare, Mental Health, Substance Use Services
Many homeless people do not have access to sufficient medical, mental health, or substance use services. Many service providers and homeless people who were interviewed have expressed a need for bringing free dental and health care to homeless people in addition to the mental health services and substance abuse programs offered by support service providers.
Outreach and Case Management
Lighter-touch outreach reaching more individuals and more intensive casework were identified as needs. There is a call for more coordinated case management at some rotating safe parking sites and the faith-based service locations. This would mean a case manager who works with the clients to put together comprehensive goals and plans to secure housing and a job. This can be accomplished through a service provider like Abode or Amigos de Guadalupe, a County Office of Supportive Housing (OSH) assigned caseworker or through the mobile/brick and mortar navigation center. The case manager would be able to provide the VI-SPDAT intake, which would not only provide demographics to the County, but may lead to the individual receiving much-needed services, including housing.
Connectivity
Often, homeless individuals need a means of communication to sign up for support services. It can also be exceedingly difficult for homeless individuals to receive or submit paperwork due to lack of access to a mailbox. Technology also plays an important role in improving health and well-being. It can be used to reach out to loved ones, access resources, and a way to access medical assistance. However, technology can often
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exclude those at the greatest risk. Even for those with a smart phone, using websites to apply for services can be difficult on a phone and some people who have been homeless for an extended period of time may not have strong skills navigating complex websites.
California LifeLine offers low-cost and free monthly telephone services to eligible, low- income California residents. Participants can qualify for the program if they receive public benefits or meet household income limits, however, the phones must often be mailed to a mailbox. Phones are also frequently lost, stolen, or broken. Additionally, access to electricity to charge the phone is difficult and there are data limits on the devices.
Funding
The overall lack of funding to support the programs identified in this report is a central challenge. Experts generally agree that homelessness prevention, extremely low-income housing, and other programs and services have been underfunded for decades. The current public funding context makes it even more challenging to sustain current levels or strengthen such services.
Systems Gaps
Some gaps relate more to the system of services, knowledge, and logistics of connecting people with services. These gaps are described below.
Knowledge Gaps
Existing available services provided by others are sometimes not known to other providers. Similar gaps between public agencies and departments within a city can also be an issue, e.g., coordination between housing and police departments instead of a “whole of government” approach.
Scaling Impact
There remain questions regarding how to scale and make existing services more effective and efficient at achieving impact instead of creating something new.
Geography
Location of available services: many services are located where people would be required to travel long (or difficult) distances or to locations they do not want or
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would have great difficulty in traveling to. This contrasts with an approach of “meeting people where they are at” and offering services in a location where they are more likely to be matched with those who need them.
Conclusion & Next Steps
Feasibility Analysis
In the next phase of this project, we will analyze the feasibility of programs to prevent homelessness and serve homeless individuals and households. Some services may be appropriate for one segment of the homeless population, but not another segment. Below is a list and a brief explanation of the programs that are likely to be analyzed and discussed in detail in the next phase. Some services respond directly to a need discussed above, while others address multiple needs.
Permanent Affordable Housing
Permanent affordable housing can come in a multitude of varieties. For this report, we are exploring permanent affordable housing that serves extremely low income households by either construction of the units, provision of Section 8 vouchers, rehabilitation of existing units to serve the extremely low income. In addition, Extremely Low Income (ELI) units can be provided in a mixed-income or 100 percent affordable housing development. These developments are highly subsidized through a combination of municipal, Low Income Housing Tax Credits, and commercial loans.
Interim Housing
Interim Housing, exemplified by Project Homekey, was a statewide effort to build on the success of the COVID-era success of Project Roomkey, where the State of California rented vacant rooms at hotels to house homeless people or those at risk of homelessness. Homekey was an opportunity for jurisdictions to develop a broad range of housing types by converting hotels, motels, hostels, single-family homes and multifamily apartments, adult residential facilities, manufactured housing, and commercial properties to permanent or interim housing for homeless households. It should be noted that the program is being replaced by Homekey+ which is focused exclusively on Permanent
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Supportive Housing, not interim housing. Tiny home villages are another recognizable form of interim supportive housing to address homelessness, providing a pathway to stable housing and self-sufficiency. They focus on rapid construction of modular units, offering private spaces with support services and case management.
Supportive Housing and Transitional Housing
Supportive housing and transitional housing are both housing options for homeless individuals and families, but they differ in their goals and duration of support. Transitional housing offers temporary housing with support services to help people move to permanent housing within a set timeframe, while supportive housing provides long-term affordable housing with ongoing support to help residents maintain tenancy.
Rapid Rehousing
Rapid rehousing is often part of the low barrier approach which emphasizes providing housing first paired with support services. Rapid rehousing typically provides housing subsidies, heavy case management and support services.
Navigation Center
A Navigation Center for homeless individuals and households is a short-term, low-barrier housing program that provides a safe, temporary place to stay, along with intensive support services, to homeless individuals. It is designed to help people transition to stable, permanent housing by offering resources such as case management, connection to public benefits, health services, and employment opportunities.
Shelters
Homeless shelters offer a range of options, from emergency shelters for immediate needs to more long-term solutions. These include emergency shelters, women's shelters, youth shelters, family shelters, cold weather shelters, and warming centers. There are congregate, non-congregate types of shelters as well.
A congregate shelter is a type of emergency shelter that provides communal spaces where individuals sleep in shared areas, offering minimal privacy. These
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shelters are often established in large, open settings like schools, churches, or community centers, designed for emergencies. A non-congregate shelter provides private, individual, or family units for shelter, such as hotel rooms, tiny homes, or apartments, instead of a large, shared space.
Safe Parking
Safe parking sites are sanctioned sites where individuals and families living in their vehicles can register and park overnight. Support services like case management and meals are sometimes offered as well. There are rotating shelters where the location moves every 30 days, and shelters that are more long-term and established.
Day Center
A day center is a facility that provides daytime support services to homeless people, offering a safe space to access resources, receive assistance, and potentially transition out of homelessness. Unlike shelters that offer overnight accommodation, day centers focus on daytime services, such as meals, showers, laundry, counseling, job training, and access to case managers. They serve as drop-in centers and can be tailored to those with additional needs like substance abuse or mental illness, providing a space to connect with services and support.
Showers and Laundry
Homeless households need a convenient location to bathe and do laundry. Often this is a mobile shower and laundry service. Other times a fixed location, or vouchers for laundromats or showers at gyms are provided.
Meals
Warm prepared meals can be provided to serve the unhoused. They are often provided by service providers, community- based organizations, and grassroots initiatives. Food pantries can also provide homeless individuals with packaged food that can be eaten at a later time.
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Training for Law Enforcement Agencies
Many jurisdictions in California have programs that train law enforcement personnel to handle situations involving homeless people. These programs often focus on de-escalation tactics, mental health crisis intervention, and understanding the underlying causes of homelessness. Some agencies have designated officers who specialize in working with the homeless population. These officers often receive specialized training, are familiar with local resources, and aim to connect individuals with appropriate support.
Lockers
Some cities offer storage lockers for homeless individuals specifically in public spaces such as libraries and community centers.
Transportation Support
Homeless individuals often need transportation that is convenient to access and affordable. Free transit passes and vouchers for rides to doctor appointments, etc., can also be provided.
Sanctioned Camping Sites
Sanctioned camping sites, also known as safe sleeping sites or safe stay communities, are designated areas where homeless individuals can stay in tents or other temporary shelters without fear of being arrested or cited for camping. These sites often provide basic services like sanitation, food, and access to case management.
Expanded Outreach and Casework
Broader proactive outreach efforts and more intensive casework have been identified as a need. Outreach workers can identify and engage people over time, which can eventually lead to connecting an individual with a caseworker or other services. Expanding casework for homeless individuals could involve increasing access to personalized, consistent support services that address both immediate and long-term needs. This can be achieved by hiring and deploying trained case managers with specialized knowledge in housing navigation, mental health, and
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substance use treatment. Effective casework requires establishing and maintaining trust which typically takes time and repeated engagement.
Connectivity
Additional support to help homeless people have access to phones, Wi-Fi, charging, technology skills, and somewhere to receive physical mail could be explored.
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List of Materials Consulted and Supporting Documents
Baggett, Travis P., and Stefan G. Kertesz. “Addressing Unsheltered Homelessness—Time for an All-I n Approach.” JAMA, vol. 330, no. 18, November 14, 2023, pp. 1723–1724. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2830616.
Baggett, Travis P., James J. O’Connell, Jesse M. Yedinak, and Thomas J. Stopka. “Illicit Substance Use and Treatment Access Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness.” JAMA 331, no. 12 (2024): 987–997. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.27922.
Bassuk, Ellen L., M. Beardslee, and J. Bassuk. “The Prevalence of Mental Illness in Homeless Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271536943.
Bay Area Council Economic Institute. Bay Area Homelessness: A Regional View of a Regional Crisis. San Francisco: Bay Area Council Economic Institute, June 2021. https://www.bayareaeconomy.org/files/pdf/HomelessnessReportJune2021.pdf.
Ben-Moshe, Leah Simon-Weisberg, and Janey Rountree. Five Trends in California Homelessness. Terner Center for Housing Innovation, October 2023. https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Five-Trends-in-CA- Homelessness_Oct-2023-5.pdf.
Bielenberg, Joseph E., Maren Futrell, Benjamin Stover, and Annette Hagopian. “Presence of Any Medical Debt Associated With Two Additional Years of Homelessness in a Seattle Sample.” INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 57 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958020923535.
California Department of Housing & Community Development. Addressing a Variety of Housing Challenges. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-and-research/addressing-variety-housing-challenges.
Clark, Robin E., Marguerite E. Tracy, William B. Whitmore, et al. “Infants Exposed to Homelessness: Health, Health Care Use, and Health Spending from Birth to Age Six.” Health Affairs 38, no. 5 (2019): 721–728. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00090.
Community Solutions. “The Costs and Harms of Homelessness.” Accessed May 1, 2025. https://community.solutions/research- posts/the-costs-and-harms-of-homelessness/.
Community Solutions. “The Costs and Harms of Homelessness: A Learning Brief Examining the Costs Borne by Individuals, Communities, Systems, and Society.” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://community.solutions/research-posts/the-costs-and- harms-of-homelessness/.
County of Santa Clara, California. “County of Santa Clara Releases Preliminary Results of 2025 Point‑in‑Time Homeless Count.” County News Center, June 20, 2025. Accessed July 17, 2025. https://news.santaclaracounty.gov/county-santa-clara-releases- preliminary-results-2025-point-time-homeless-count
Desmond, Matthew. “Homelessness in US Cities and Downtowns.” Brookings, April 12, 2023. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/homelessness-in-us-cities-and-downtowns/.
Fazel, Seena, et al. “The Prevalence of Mental Illness in Homeless Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” The Lancet, vol. 379, no. 9810, 2012, pp. 220–227.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271536943_The_Prevalence_of_Mental_Illness_in_Homeless_Children_A_Systemati c_Review_and_Meta-Analysis.
Finnigan, Ryan. “Five Recent Trends in Homelessness in California.” Terner Center for Housing Innovation, UC Berkeley. October 2023. https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Five-Trends-in-CA-Homelessness_Oct-2023-5.pdf.
Freimarck, Annalise. “West Valley Cities Team Up to Consider Homeless Shelter.” San José Spotlight, April 19, 2025. https://sanjosespotlight.com/west-valley-cities-campbell-cupertino-los-gatos-saratoga-monte-sereno-team-up-to- consider-homeless-shelter/.
Fuller, Thomas. “San Jose Considers Arresting Homeless People Who Refuse Housing.” The New York Times, April 20, 2025. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/20/us/san-jose-homeless-arrest.html.
Gordon, Sophie. “Talking about homes: What we can learn from homelessness and poverty research” Frame Works UK https://frameworksuk.org/wp-content/uploads/talking_about_homes.pdf
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Himmelstein, David U., Robert M. Lawless, Deborah Thorne, Pamela Foohey, and Steffie Woolhandler. “Medical Bankruptcy: Still Common Despite the Affordable Care Act.” American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 3 (2019): 431–433. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304901.
Housing California. “Causes of Homelessness.” Accessed May 1, 2025. https://www.housingca.org/policy/focus/causes/.
Karlinsky, Sarah. Structured for Success: Reforming Housing Governance in California and the Bay Area. SPUR, January 2024. https://www.spur.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/SPUR_Structured_for_Success.pdf.
Kober, Eric. “The Bay Area: The Land of Many Jobs and Too Few Homes.” Manhattan Institute. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://manhattan.institute/article/the-bay-area-the-land-of-many-jobs-and-too-few-homes.
Koseff, Alexei. “Homelessness Study Flips Commonly Held Beliefs About Causes.” The Mercury News, March 7, 2025. https://www.mercurynews.com/2025/03/07/study-california-homeless-drugs/.
Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. Homeless Mortality in Los Angeles County: CHIE Brief. Accessed May 1, 2025. http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/chie/reports/HomelessMortality_CHIEBrief_Final.pdf.
Love, Hanna, and Tracy Hadden Loh. “Homelessness in US Cities and Downtowns: The Perception, the Reality, and How to Address Both.” Brookings Institution. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/homelessness-in-us- cities-and-downtowns/.
Murran, Sarah, and Emma Brady. “How Does Family Homelessness Impact on Children’s Development? A Critical Review of the Literature.” Child & Family Social Work 28, no. 2 (2023): 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12968.
National Health Care for the Homeless Council. “Premature Mortality in Homeless Populations.” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://sbdww.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/PrematureMortalityFinal.pdf.
National Low Income Housing Coalition. “Unsheltered Homelessness Associated with Increased Emergency Department Visits.” Accessed May 1, 2025. https://nlihc.org/resource/unsheltered-homelessness-associated-increased-emergency-department- visits.
Olivet, Jeff, et al., SPARC/Destination: Home. “Race and Homelessness In Santa Clara County, California.” January 31, 2020. https://destinationhomesv.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/02/RacialEquityReport0131020.pdf?mc_cid=06a7865957&mc_eid=53a9a53ca3 Phillips, David, and James X. Sullivan. “Do Homelessness Prevention Programs Prevent Homelessness? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” The Review of Economics and Statistics (2023). https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01344.
Powell, Alvin. “Why It’s So Hard to End Homelessness in America.” Harvard Gazette. January 2024. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/01/why-its-so-hard-to-end-homelessness-in-america/.
Reid, Carolina, Ryan Finnigan, and Shazia Manji. California’s Homekey Program: Unlocking Housing Opportunities for People Experiencing Homelessness. Terner Center for Housing Innovation, March 2022. https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/wp- content/uploads/2022/03/Homekey-Lessons-Learned-Final-March-2022.pdf.
Reid, Carolina. “On the Edge of Homelessness: The Vulnerability of Extremely Low-Income Households in the Bay Area.” Terner Center for Housing Innovation, December 2, 2021. https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/research-and-policy/edge-of- homelessness-extremely-low-income-bay-area/.
Reilly, Johanna, Angela Greenfield, Rebecca Gillam, and Peter L. H. Barrett. “A Systematic Review of the Effect of Stigma on the Health of People Experiencing Homelessness.” Health & Social Care in the Community 30, no. 6 (2022): 2128–2141. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13884.
Rhoades, Harmony; Wenzel, Suzanne; Rice, Eric; Winetrobe, Hailey; Henwood, Benjamin. “No Digital Divide? Technology Use Among Homeless Adults
Riley, Elise D., Jennifer Cohen, Kelly Knight, et al. “Violence and Emergency Department Use among Community-Recruited Women Who Experience Homelessness and Housing Instability.” Journal of Urban Health. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7010900/#CR5.
Santa Barbara County Public Health Department. Premature Mortality Among the Homeless Population in Santa Barbara County. April 2011. https://sbdww.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/PrematureMortalityFinal.pdf.
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42 CITY OF CAMPBELL WEST VALLEY HOMELESS SERVICES JULY 24, 2025
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. “Backpack Homeless Healthcare Program.” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://scvmc.scvh.org/hospitals-clinics/valley-homeless-health-care-program-vhhp/backpack-homeless-healthcare- program.
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. “Valley Homeless Healthcare Program (VHHP).” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://scvmc.scvh.org/hospitals-clinics/valley-homeless-health-care-program-vhhp.
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. “Valley Homeless Healthcare Program (VHHP): Backpack Homeless Healthcare Program.” Accessed May 1, 2025. https://scvmc.scvh.org/hospitals-clinics/valley-homeless-health-care-program-vhhp/backpack- homeless-healthcare-program.
Shonkoff, Jack P., Andrew S. Garner, et al. “The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress.” Pediatrics 129, no. 1 (2012): e232–e246. https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/129/1/e232/31628/.
State of California, Department of Housing and Community Development; https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grants-and- funding/homekey/program-background; Accessed April 28, 2025 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.hud.gov/.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Understanding Encampments of People Experiencing Homelessness and Community Responses: Emerging Evidence as of Late 2018. Accessed May 10, 2025. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Understanding-Encampments.pdf.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Understanding Encampments of People Experiencing Homelessness and Community Responses: Emerging Evidence as of Late 2023. Office of Policy Development and Research, 2023. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Understanding-Encampments.pdf.
United States Census Bureau. “2023 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, American Community Survey (ACS).” Accessed May 10, 2025. https://data.census.gov/table?q=DP05&g=160XX00US0610345,0617610,0644112,0648956,0670280.
Vohra, Neha, et al. “Homelessness and the Use of Emergency Department as a Source of Healthcare.” International Journal of Emergency Medicine. https://intjem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12245-022-00435-3.
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Council
Report
TITLE: Hamilton Avenue Public Improvement Plan - Kickoff Meeting
RECOMMENDED ACTION
That the City Council provide early input on the following: 1) the proposed outreach strategy, including whether additional stakeholder groups or engagement formats should be included; 2) the preliminary project schedule and proposed meeting frequency; and 3) any initial priorities or guiding principles for staff and the consultant team to consider as the project begins.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this report is to formally initiate (“kickoff”) the Hamilton Avenue Public Improvement Plan and introduce the consultant team selected to lead this effort.
This report also provides a broad overview of the work plan, outreach strategy, and project schedule, including as it relates to other ongoing transportation related projects.
BACKGROUND
In 2025, following a competitive selection process, the City selected Mithun Inc. to lead the preparation of the Hamilton Avenue Public Improvement Plan. This effort is supported by a $400,000 Priority Development Area (PDA) grant awarded by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) in 2023.
The plan will help implement the City’s General Plan and Housing Element, which envisions over 1,000 new housing units in the Hamilton Avenue/Highway 17 area. To support this level of new development and improve access to the Hamilton Light Rail station, the plan will identify and prioritize multimodal transportation improvements along the corridor. This work also implements the vision established in the 2040 General Plan, which designates the Hamilton area as a priority for transportation upgrades, gateway enhancements, and transit-oriented housing through the development and adoption of a comprehensive plan for the Hamilton Avenue corridor.
DISCUSSION
Mithun Inc. was selected to lead the development of the Hamilton Avenue Public Improvement Plan (see “Background”) . T he City will benefit from a collaborative, Item: 18
Category: NEW BUSINESS
Meeting Date: August 4, 2025
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multidisciplinary team with extensive experience in corridor access improvements, multimodal planning, and placemaking. Mithun is an integrated design firm and brings together a group of expert partners, including:
• Fehr & Peers – Transportation and multimodal planning • BKF Engineers – Civil engineering and design
• Forward City Labs – Community and stakeholder engagement • ESA – CEQA and NEPA environmental review
This team is experienced in coordinating a community -informed vision and well - positioned to implement the tasks outlined in the Work Plan and to lead a timely, collaborative process, as detailed in the Outreach Strategy and Project Schedule (see related discussion topics).
Work Plan
The Public Improvement Plan will create a cohesive vision and roadmap for transforming the Hamilton Avenue/Highway 17 corridor, integrating relevant findings and strategies from other ongoing transportation initiatives in the area (see related discussion under “Transportation Project Coordination).
The project will include the following core tasks and deliverables:
• Community Engagement & Public Meetings
Please find relevant discussion under “Outreach Strategy”. • Existing Conditions Analysis : The team will perform a targeted analysis that will evaluate transportation, infrastructure, and land use conditions within 15 feet of 18 Packet Pg. 275
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the public right -of-way, with an extended 30 -foot area at potential gateway locations.
• Complete Streets Improvement & Gateway Features Plan : The plan will identify opportunities for pedestrian, bicycle, transit, and streetscape improvements consistent with the City’s General Plan and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission’s (MTC) Transit -Oriented Communities (TOC) Policy. Through coordination with other Public Works projects, it will also address key barriers such as SR -17 and Los Gatos Creek, propose strategies for mobility hubs and curbside use, establish sustainable and resilient streetscape, and explore gateway features or public art at major intersections (e.g., Hamilton at Highway 17, Winchester, and Bascom).
• Transit-Oriented Communities (TOC) Policy Consideration : The project will evaluate existing policies for consistency with MTC’s Transit -Oriented Communities Policies with the support of City staff.
• Engineer’s Estimates of Probable Costs : Preliminary cost estimates will be prepared based on City -approved conceptual designs to support a future financing plan for implementation that could include grant applications and development impact fees.
• Environmental Review : The project will complete the required environmental review under CEQA and NEPA to facilitate adoption of the plan.
Final deliverables will include concept -level design plans, planning-level cost estimates, and implementation strategies to help position the City to pursue future capital funding to implement the corridor improvements. These elements will be compiled into a comprehensive Hamilton Avenue Public Improvement Plan, which is anticipated to be brought forward for City Council adoption in 2027 (see “Project Schedule”).
Outreach Strategy
To guide development of the Hamilton Avenue Public Improvement Plan, the City has established a comprehensive outreach strategy to ensure that community input meaningfully informs each phase of the project. The strategy is designed to build public awareness, gather local insights, and foster community support for improvements to the Hamilton Avenue corridor.
The engagement strategy includes a series of public -facing activities, aligned with project milestones, to collect input from a broad range of stakeholders, including residents, business and property owners, transit users, schools, and community organizations.
Key components include:
• Seven (7) public hearings , including three (3) Planning Commission meetings, and four (4) City Council meetings (including the subject meeting). 18 Packet Pg. 276
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• Four (4) major community events, including a walk audit, a visioning workshop, a business/property owner focus group, and a final open house. • One (1) online survey and one (1) pop -up/intercept survey , to reach broader audiences and ensure accessibility for those unable to attend in person. • Bilingual engagement materials (English and Spanish), with clear visuals and accessible formats to support participation across language and literacy levels. • Multiple outreach methods , including a project webpage, email listserv, social media, flyers, A -frame signs, direct mailers, and partnerships with community - based organizations.
Stakeholder outreach has been structured to engage three (3) key groups:
• Businesses, property owners, City staff, elected officials, transit and funding agencies;
• Local residents, transit riders, the school district, the Campbell Chamber of Commerce, and neighborhood associations; and
• Community-based and advocacy organizations, as well as the broader Campbell community.
Engagement activities are designed to ensure a transparent and well -documented planning process. Feedback collected will be actively used to shape the Plan’s design recommendations and ensure they reflect the needs and priorities of those who live, work, and invest in the Hamilton Avenue corridor.
Project Schedule
The project is expected to be completed within 22 months – with the project concluding in 2027. The schedule below highlights key milestones, with all dates considered tentative and subject to change:
2025
o August 4th – City Council Kick-Off Meeting #1 (subject meeting) o September – Walk Audit
o October – Planning Commission Meeting #1 (TOC Policies) o November – Visioning Workshop
o November – City Council Meeting #2 (TOC Policies)
2026
o February – Business/Property Owner Focus Group Meeting o June – Final Open House/Community Workshop
o September – Planning Commission Meeting #2 (Draft Plan) o October – City Council Meeting #3 (Draft Plan)
2027
o February – Planning Commission Meeting #3 (Final Plan) 18 Packet Pg. 277
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o March – City Council Meeting #4 (Final Plan / Adoption) The schedule is designed to align with key decision -making milestones and provide ample opportunities for community engagement at each phase of the project. It also facilitates early policy direction from the City Council to guide the overall approach. Staff will continue to monitor progress and adjust the timeline as needed to ensure a thorough and effective process.
TRANSPORATION PROJECT COORDINATION
The City is currently advancing several separate transportation-related initiatives aimed at improving mobility, safety, and connectivity throughout Campbell. These efforts, which vary in scope and timeline, include both planning and infrastructure projects currently underway, including:
• Multimodal Transportation Plan
o A Citywide plan to create a safe and connected sustainable multimodal transportation network and a community -prioritized list of projects, policies, and programs.
• Hamilton Avenue / State Route 17 Bicycle Overcrossing Feasibility Study o A feasibility study evaluating alternatives for a dedicated bicycle and pedestrian bridge over State Route 17.
• Hamilton / Highway 17 Southbound Off-Ramp Widening Project o A capital improvement project to design and construct the widening of the existing off -ramp from southbound Highway 17 to Hamilton Avenue to reduce congestion and improve traffic operations and safety. • Comprehensive Traffic Safety Action Plan
o A data-driven initiative to identify and prioritize traffic safety improvements across the city, addressing high -collision areas and aligning with the FHWA's Safe Systems Approach principles to eliminate traffic -related fatalities and serious injuries.
• Urban Land Institute Technical Assistance Panel (ULI TAP) o A short-term advisory effort involving outside experts convened by the ULI to provide independent recommendations for land use, urban design, and development strategies bookended by the Downtown and Pruneyard. • East Campbell Avenue Plan Line
o A planning and engineering study to define the future street layout (“plan line”) of East Campbell Avenue, guiding future improvements and ensuring right-of-way preservation for multimodal transportation needs. 18 Packet Pg. 278
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Given the number of concurrent efforts, Planning and Public Works staff are proactively coordinating across these projects to align schedules, key milestones, and public engagement activities. This coordination aims to avoid confusion in public outreach caused by overlapping initiatives and to promote clear, consistent communication. Staff are also working to share information between projects and ensure that recommendations and outcomes are aligned and not in conflict with one another. By integrating engagement efforts where appropriate, the City can enhance community participation and support a more cohesive and coordinated approach to long -term transportation planning.
FISCAL IMPACT
A $400,000 Priority Development Area (PDA) grant from MTC fully covers the base service contract with Mithun, Inc . To ensure flexibility, the project also has a $50,000 contingency fund to cover unforeseen project needs that may arise during plan development. Of this contingency amount, $25,000 was included in the FY2026 Adopted Budget, and the remaining $25,000 is anticipated to be incorporated into the FY2027 Operating Budget.
Prepared by:
Stephen Rose, Senior Planner
Reviewed by:
Rob Eastwood, Community
Development Director
Approved by:
Brian Loventhal, City Manager
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City
Council
Report
TITLE: Resolution Amending the First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services (Resolution/Roll Call Vote)
RECOMMENDED ACTION
That the City Council adopt a Resolution amending the First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services to provide for a merit increase.
BACKGROUND
In August 2022, the City of Campbell (“City”) entered into an Agreement for City Clerk Services (“Agreement”) with Andrea Sanders (hereafter, “City Clerk”). In August 2023, the City and the City Clerk agreed to a First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services (“First Amended Agreement”) to, among other things, provide for a salary adjustment and to change when the City Clerk has her annual performance evaluation from the month of August to the month of June.
On August 20, 2024, the City and the City Clerk agreed to amend the First Amended Agreement to , among other things, provide for a salary adjustment reflecting a merit increase within the City Clerk classification from Step 2 of the Salary Schedule of Seventy-nine Dollars and Nineteen cents ($79.19) per hour to Step 3 of the Salary Schedule of Eighty-three Dollars and Eighteen cents ($83.18) per hour.
On June 16, 2025, the City Council conducted its annual performance evaluation of the City Clerk. Following their deliberation, the City Council directed staff to return to the City Council with an additional amendment to the First Amended Agreement for their consideration and approval, as more fully outlined below.
DISCUSSION
Following the City Clerk ’s recent annual performance evaluation, the City Council directed staff to return to them with a proposed amendment to the First Amended Agreement, previously amended by Resolution No. 13202. This further amendment would reflect a merit increase within the City Clerk classification from Step 3 of the July 1, 2025 Salary Schedule of Eighty-three Dollars and Eighteen cents ($83.18) per hour to Step 4 of Eighty-seven Dollars and Thirty-one cents ($ 87.31) per hour . This adjustment would allow the City Council to acknowledge the City Clerk’s strong work Item: 19
Category: NEW BUSINESS
Meeting Date: August 4, 2025
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Resolution Amending First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services Page 2 of 3 performance and unwavering commitment to her job as city clerk and to show their appreciation for her significant contributions to the City.
Per the City Council’s direction, a ttached to this memorandum for the City Council’s review and approval is staff’s proposed resolution further amending the First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services to provide for a salary adjustment for the City Clerk to Step 4 of the July 1, 2025 Salary Schedule of Eighty-seven Dollars and Thirty-one cents ($87.31) per hour . Specifically, the resolution provides for an amendment to the First Amended Agreement to replace the second sentence of paragraph “2.” entitled, “PAYMENT” with the language below:
“The compensation for City Clerk as of the first pay period in August 2024 is Eighty-seven Dollars and Thirty-one cents ($8 7.31) per hour , which amount may be adjusted from time to time.”
For the reasons set forth above, staff recommends the City Council adopt the attached resolution.
FISCAL IMPACT
The merit increase provided for in the resolution further amending the First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services is fully funded within the Fiscal Year 202 6 adopted budget, consistent with the City’s long range budget model.
ALTERNATIVES
1. Do not adopt the attached resolution.
2. Provide direction on alternative changes to the First Amended Agreement.
Prepared by:
Angelique Gaeta, Assistant City Manager
Approved by:
Brian Loventhal, City Manager
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Resolution Amending First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services Page 3 of 3 Attachment:
a. Resolution to Amend First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services b. First Amended Agreement City Clerk Services
19 Packet Pg. 282
RESOLUTION NO. _______________
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CAMPBELL
APPROVING AN ADDITIONAL AMENDMENT TO THE FIRST AMENDED
AGREEMENT FOR CITY CLERK SERVICES TO PROVIDE
FOR A MERIT INCREASE
WHEREAS, the City Council entered into a n Agreement for City Clerk Services (“Agreement”) with Andrea Sanders (hereafter, “City Clerk”), effective August 2022; and WHEREAS, in August 2023, the City Council approved a First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services (“First Amended Agreement”) to provide for a salary adjustment and certain specified benefits; and
WHEREAS, in August 2024, the City Council approved an amendment to the First Amended Agreement to provide for a salary adjustment and certain specified benefits; and
WHEREAS, Section 2.16.020 of the Campbell Municipal Code provides that compensation for all appointed officers and employees of the City shall be fixed by Resolution; and
WHEREAS, on June 16, 2025 , the City Council conducted its annual performance evaluation of the City Clerk and endorsed her commendable performance; and WHEREAS, the City Council then directed staff to return to the City Council with an additional amendment to the First Amended Agreement to provide for a merit increase in the salary for the City Clerk from Step 3 to Step 4 based on her strong performance as City Clerk;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council hereby approves an additional amendment to the First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services to adjust the salary of the City Clerk by amending the second sentence of paragraph “2.” entitled, “PAYMENT” to provide as follows:
“The compensation for City Clerk as of the first pay period in August 2024 is Eighty -seven Dollars and Thirty-one cents ($8 7.31) per hour, which amount may be adjusted from time to time.”
PASSED AND ADOPTED this day of 2025, by the following roll call vote:
AYES: Councilmembers:
NOES: Councilmembers:
ABSENT: Councilmembers:
APPROVED:
_____________________
Sergio Lopez, Mayor
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Attachment: Resolution to Amend First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services (Resolution Amending First Amended Agreement for City ATTEST:
__________________________
Andrea Sanders, City Clerk
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Attachment: Resolution to Amend First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services (Resolution Amending First Amended Agreement for City
CITY OF CAMPBELL
FIRST AMENDED AGREEMENT FOR CITY CLERK SERVICES
This First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services (" First Amended Agreement") is between the City of Campbell (" City"), a municipal corporation and general law city, and Andrea Sanders ( hereafter, collectively referred to as "Parties"), and is effective upon execution.
WHEREAS, Campbell voters approved the conversion of the City Clerk position from an elected position to an appointed position at the November 2, 2012 General Municipal Election; and
WHEREAS, on July 1, 2022, the City Council appointed Andrea Sanders, then Deputy City Clerk, as Acting Interim City Clerk, pursuant to Government Code Section 36510; and
WHEREAS, on August 2, 2022, the City Council appointed Andrea Sanders as the City Clerk, pursuant to Government Code Section 36510, at a rate of pay of$ 65. 16 per hour; and
WHEREAS, City desires to continue to employ Andrea Sanders ( hereafter, " City Clerk") as its City Clerk and Andrea Sanders desires to continue to be employed by the City as its appointed City Clerk; and
WHEREAS, City desires to provide City Clerk with certain benefits, establish certain conditions of employment, and set working conditions for City Clerk.
NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of each other' s mutual promises, the undersigned Parties agree as follows:
1. DUTIES: City Clerk agrees to perform the function and duties of the City Clerk as set forth in applicable State or local laws, ordinances, resolutions, and policies, including the duties as outlined in the attached Job Description.
2. PAYMENT: During the term of her employment, City agrees to pay City Clerk for services rendered, pursuant to this First Amended Agreement, an annual base salary within the range adopted by the City Council for the position of City Clerk.
The compensationfor City Clerk as of the 7thday of August, 2023, is Seventy-Six Dollars and Eighty- Eight Cents ($ 76.88) per hour, which amount may be adjusted from time to time. The compensation shall be payable in bi-weekly installments at the same time as other employees of City are paid.
Compensation will be evaluated at least annually. This evaluation will include consideration of the salary range for the position of City Clerk; annual increases afforded classified management employees; the City' s willingness/ ability to grant
August 2023
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Attachment: First Amended Agreement City Clerk Services (Resolution Amending First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services) increases, as well as merit increases; " across- the- board" increases; and such one- time payments and/ or bonuses available or provided to management employees. Salary adjustments can be made by City Council Resolution. City Clerk shall be entitled to receive holidays, sick leave, disability, retirement, life and other insurance, and other benefits and compensation, including car allowance and City contributions toward deferred compensation plan, as provided to other City classified management employees. For health insurance benefits, the City shall pay the full premium towards any health plan the City Clerk elects for her and her dependents.
3. CONTINUING EDUCATION: During the term of this employment contract, continuing education shall be maintained toward achieving Master Municipal Clerk Designation, and such other continuing education as is annually approved by the City Council.
4. EVALUATION: The City Council shall review and evaluate City Clerk annually during the month of June. As part of the review process, a subcommittee of the City Council may conduct a review and make recommendations to the City Council. City Clerk may also be reviewed and evaluated at any other times the City Council deems necessary and appropriate.
5. TERM: This First Amended Agreement shall remain in effect from year to year until terminated.
6. TERMINATION: Because an intimate and confidential relationship is necessary between City Clerk and City, City Clerk understands and agrees that City Clerk serves at the pleasure of City, and may be terminated at the will of the City Council at any time and without prior notice, and without statement of reasons or grounds therefore. City may terminate this First Amended Agreement at any time, provided City continues to pay City Clerk's salary and benefits for a period of six (6) months from the date City Clerk vacates the position of City Clerk. City Clerk shall not be removed during the sixty (60) day period following any change in membership of the City Council except upon a vote of at least four/fifths of the City Council.
7. RESIGNATION: In the event City Clerk voluntarily chooses to resign her employment, City Clerk shall give City at least thirty ( 30) days' written notice so City may undertake a reasonable effort to find a successor.
8. BONDS: City shall bear the full cost of any fidelity or other bonds required of City Clerk under any law or ordinance.
9. NON-WAIVER: City's waiver of any term, condition or covenant, or breach of any term, condition or covenant shall not be construed as the waiver of any term,
August 2023
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Attachment: First Amended Agreement City Clerk Services (Resolution Amending First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services) condition or covenant or waiver of the breach of any other term, condition, or covenant.
10. ENTIRE AGREEMENT: This First Amended Agreement contains the entire agreement between City and City Clerk relating to the matters contained herein.
Any prior agreements, promises, negotiations, or representations not expressly set forth in this First Amended Agreement are of no force or effect. Subsequent modifications to this First Amended Agreement shall be in writing and signed by both City and City Clerk.
11. SEVERABILITY: If any term, condition, or covenant of this First Amended Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions of this First Amended Agreement shall be valid and binding on City and City Clerk.
12. GOVERNING LAW: This First Amended Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California.
13. EXECUTION: This First Amended Agreement may be executed in counterparts and will be binding as so executed.
The undersigned Parties having read and understood the foregoing terms and conditions of this First Amended Agreement hereby agree to be bound thereby.
Dated: 97a.??/,? 0/ ya} 66,M
Andrea Sands, City Clerk
City of Campbell: /
Dated: id/ 0Z! 6 by yit. 14,(-/ / 6-7144/(---)
Anne Bybee, Mayor
August 2023
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Attachment: First Amended Agreement City Clerk Services (Resolution Amending First Amended Agreement for City Clerk Services) City
Council
Report
TITLE: Council Committee Reports
RECOMMENDED ACTION
That the City Council report on activities from their committee assignments.
DISCUSSION
This is the section of the City Council Agenda that allows the City Councilmembers to report on items of interest and the work of City Council Subcommittees.
MAYOR LOPEZ
Campbell Ministerial Interfaith Group
City Attorney Performance/Compensation Subcommittee
City Clerk Performance/Compensation Subcommittee
City Manager Performance/Compensation Subcommittee
Finance Subcommittee
West Valley Mayors and Managers
Bay Area Quality Management District Board of Directors** Cities Association of Santa Clara County - City Selection Committee League of Cities Peninsula Division Executive Committee** Silicon Valley Clean Energy Audit Committee**
Valley Transportation Authority Board of Directors**
Silicon Valley Clean Energy JPA Board of Directors (Alt.)
VICE MAYOR FURTADO
Advisory Commissioner Appointment Interview Subcommittee City Attorney Performance/Compensation Subcommittee
City Clerk Performance/Compensation Subcommittee
City Manager Performance/Compensation Subcommittee
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG)
Silicon Valley Regional Interoperability Authority (SVRIA) Treatment Plant Advisory Committee (TPAC)
West Valley Sanitation District
West Valley Solid Waste Authority JPA
West Valley Stormwater Authority
Item: 20
Category: COUNCIL COMMITTEE
REPORTS
Meeting Date: August 4, 2025
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Council Committee Reports Page 2 of 3
Friends of the Heritage Theater Liaison (Alt.)
Santa Clara County Emergency Operational Council (EOAC)** (Alt.) Silicon Valley Animal Control Authority Board (SVACA) (Alt.) Valley Transportation Authority Policy Advisory Committee (Alt.) West Valley Mayors and Managers (Alt.)
COUNCILMEMBER BYBEE
Education Subcommittee
Legislative Subcommittee
Cities Association of Santa Clara County:
Board Representative
Legislative Action Committee
Santa Clara County Library District JPA Board of Directors Silicon Valley Animal Control Authority Board (SVACA)
Campbell Historical Museum & Ainsley House Foundation Liaison (Alt.) West Valley Sanitation District (Alt.)
COUNCILMEMBER HINES
DCBA Liaison
Economic Development Subcommittee
Finance Subcommittee
Santa Clara Valley Water District County Water Commission Cities Association of Santa Clara County:
Board Representative (Alt.)
Legislative Action Committee and City Selection Committee (Alt.) Santa Clara County Housing and Community Development Advisory Committee (Alt.) West Valley Stormwater Authority (Alt.)
West Valley Solid Waste Authority JPA (Alt.)
COUNCILMEMBER SCOZZOLA
Advisory Commissioner Appointment Interview Committee
Campbell Historical Museum & Ainsley House Foundation Liaison Economic Development Subcommittee
Education Subcommittee
Friends of the Heritage Theater Liaison
Legislative Subcommittee
Cities Association of Santa Clara County Executive Board** Santa Clara County Housing and Community Development Advisory Committee Silicon Valley Clean Energy JPA Board of Directors
Silicon Valley Clean Energy JPA Board of Directors: Executive Committee** 20 Packet Pg. 289
Council Committee Reports Page 3 of 3
Silicon Valley Clean Energy Finance and Administration Committee** Silicon Valley Clean Energy Legislative Committee**
Valley Transportation Authority Policy Advisory Committee DCBA Liaison (Alt.)
Santa Clara County Library District JPA Board of Directors (Alt.) Santa Clara Valley Water District: County Water Commission (Alt.) Association of Bay Area Governments (Alt.)
**appointed by other agencies
Prepared by:
Kristen Epolite, Deputy City Clerk
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