o Other (Please specific):____
o N/A (Not applicable)
[If “Yes” above for Question 4…]
[6.] On average, how many people (who are impacted by gun violence) do you as an individual serve each month?
(Drop-down menu)
[If “Yes” above for Question 4…]
[7.] Some professions seek to serve as many clients as possible. If you are serving fewer people than you’d like to, what is the reason? [a] Accidental (for example, unintended or a mistake) (Open response)
[8.] Which of the following do you as a professional need to better serve people impacted by gun violence?
This is vital. This is
greatly needed.
This is important but
not essential. This is
somewhat needed.
This is unnecessary.
This is not needed.
Training on how to de-
escalate conflicts
Gun safety training
Other professional training
or education on gun
violence reduction
Long-term (five-year or
longer) funding to support
programs and services
A grant writer to help
obtain funding
More time to spend with
patients or clients
More opportunities to
coordinate or network with
other professionals on this
issue
Guidance on how to
identify those who are at
risk of committing violence
Guidance on how to
identify those who might be
victims of violence
A phone number or hotline
I can call for advice if I’m
concerned about a patient
or client
Referrals I can give for
social services
(employment, housing,
childcare, etc.)
Referrals I can give for
mental health treatment
[If marked “greatly needed” or “somewhat needed” for coordination with professionals …] [9.] You said that more opportunities to coordinate or network with other professionals is needed. What might that look like?
(Open response)
[If marked “greatly needed” or “somewhat needed” for other training/education…] [10.] You said that professional training or education on gun violence reduction is needed. What kind of training or education would be helpful?
(Open response)
[11.] What other resources, services, or programs are needed to help you or your organization better serve people impacted by gun violence?
(Open response)
[12.] How comfortable do you feel asking patients/clients about guns (for example, if there is a gun in the home or if they safely store their gun)?
o Very comfortable
o Somewhat comfortable
o Neither comfortable nor uncomfortable
o Somewhat uncomfortable
o Very uncomfortable
o N/A (I don’t provide direct services to clients/patients) [13.] Have you ever used a firearm in self-defense (to protect yourself or someone else) in a professional capacity or while on the job?
o Yes
o No
These next questions will ask about your thoughts and perceptions about gun violence. Gun violence includes any violence caused by firearms, including community violence, domestic violence, suicide, and accidental harm.
[14.] When thinking about gun violence, how safe do you feel where you work (for example, in a hospital, at a school, in a community which you serve, etc.)? o Very safe
o Somewhat safe
o Neither safe nor unsafe
o Somewhat unsafe
o Very unsafe
[If selected “Very unsafe” or “Somewhat unsafe” above for Question 14…] [15.] You said you feel very or somewhat unsafe where you work. What is the reason for this? Select all that apply.
o I’m afraid of mass shootings at my workplace
o I’m afraid of retaliatory shootings at my workplace
o I’m afraid that someone I serve (a client, patient, etc.) might have a gun o The neighborhood where I work feels unsafe
o Other (please specify):_____
[16.] How likely do you think that you will be a victim of gun violence in the future? o Very likely
o Somewhat likely
o Neither likely nor unlikely
o Somewhat unlikely
o Very unlikely
[If selected “Very likely” or “Somewhat likely” above for Question 16…] [17.] You said that you think you could possibly be the victim of gun violence in the future. What type of gun violence?
o Community violence (for example, street violence, school shootings, etc.) o Domestic violence
o Suicide
o Accidental harm
o Other (Please specify):____
[18.] What do you think are the main causes of gun violence? (Open response)
[19.] What do you think are the best solutions for gun violence reduction? This could include short-term solutions, long-term solutions, policy solutions, or anything else. (Open response)
[20.] What are some of the main challenges or barriers faced by you as a professional or your organization to reducing gun violence?
[Open response]
[21.] Below is a list of different services that are intended to reduce gun violence. What services, programs, or resources do you think are most needed to help local communities impacted by gun violence?
This is vital.
This is
greatly
needed.
This is important but
not essential. This is
somewhat needed.
This is unnecessary.
This is not needed.
Mental health counseling
Suicide prevention programs
Domestic violence support
center/services
Substance use counseling or
treatment
Gun violence survivor support
groups/services
General gun safety training
Gun safety training in schools (for
students)
Help with economic security
(employment, housing, childcare,
etc.)
Improvements in community
conditions/infrastructure (such as
better street lighting, more parks,
etc.)
Gang prevention programs
(alternatives to joining gangs)
Afterschool or youth programs
Mentorship programs
Street outreach programs
Increased law enforcement
Gun violence restraining order
(GVRO) or “red flag law” for those
with mental health crises
Gun violence restraining order
(GVRO) or “red flag law” for those
at risk of committing violence
[22.] What other resources, services, or programs are needed to help local communities impacted by gun violence?
(Open response)
[23.] Do you know of any local organizations, groups, or networks that are working on gun violence reduction in the County? If so, please mention the exact organization names. [Open response]
[24.] Have you experienced gun violence in the last five years in the course of carrying out your professional duties? (This can include being threatened with a gun, being shot at, or being shot while on the job.)
o Yes
o No
[If “Yes, I have personally experienced this” above for Question 24…] [25]. What type of gun violence have you experienced in the last five years while on the job? Select all that apply.
o Someone threatened to shoot me (but did not show a gun) o Someone threatened me by showing me a gun
o Someone threatened me by pointing a gun at me
o I was shot at (but I wasn’t hit)
o I was shot
[If answered “Yes” above in Question 24…]
[26.] What relationship do you/did you have to the person who committed the gun violence against you? The person who committed the violence was… o Someone I know personally
o A co-worker or colleague
o A customer, client, patient, or someone else I professionally serve o Other (Please specify): ________
[27.] Are you Hispanic, Latino, or Latin?
o Yes
o No
[28.] Which one of these groups would you say best represents your race? For the purposes of this survey, Hispanic is not a race.
o [a] White
o [b] Black/African American
o [c] Asian/Asian American
o [d] American Indian/Alaska Native
o [e] Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
o [f] Multiracial/two or more races
o [g] Choose not to answer
o [h] Other (please specify): __________
[29.] How do you describe yourself?
o [a] Male
o [b] Female
o [c] Transgender
o [d] Do not identify as female, male, or transgender
[30.] What zip code do you live in?
[Open response]
[31.] What is the highest grade or year of school you completed? o [a] 8th grade or less
o [b] Some high school (grades 9-11)
o [c] Grade 12 or GED certificate (high school graduate) o [d] Technical school graduate
o [e] Some college
o [f] College graduate
o [g] Postgraduate or professional degree
[32.] Last year, what was your total household income?
(Drop-down menu)
[33.] What is your age in years?
[Drop-down menu of number of years]
[34.] Do you have any other comments you would like to share? [Open response]
That concludes the survey! Thank you so much for your time and responses. We truly appreciate it.
If you’d like to sign up to receive updates on gun violence reduction efforts from the County, please click here
.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding the survey and/or needs assessment, you may contact [email protected]
.
Appendix B: Community Survey
San Diego County
Gun Violence Reduction
Community Survey
Thank you for your interest in this survey! The County of San Diego and HARC (a research nonprofit) are conducting a community needs assessment about gun violence reduction. By “gun violence” we mean any type of violence (or threat of violence) involving a firearm. This includes community violence (for example, street violence, gang violence, etc.), domestic violence, suicide, or accidental harm.
This survey is for San Diego County residents only.
[Note in Somali] If you would like to take this survey in Somali, please click here. [/Note in Somali] If you are a professional (for example, a physician, police officer, counselor, etc.) who works with people impacted by gun violence, you may take the professional survey [link follows] here.
This survey should take no more than 20 minutes, but take as long as you need. Your answers can be saved and completed at another time.
You will have a chance to win one of five $50 Visa gift cards. At the end of the survey, please provide your name and contact for a chance to win.
This survey contains questions about personal experience with gun violence, including how gun violence has impacted friends or family. Please be advised to proceed if you are ready to discuss this topic at this time.
This survey is completely anonymous. Responses will not contain identifying information, and all survey responses will be combined at the group level and will not be reported individually.
If you leave your contact information for the gift card lottery, then your responses are confidential with HARC, and your individual responses will not be shared.
If you’ve been a victim of gun violence, and need help, please reach out to these services or organizations:
San Diego County Resource Hotline: 211 (https://211sandiego.org/)
National Domestic Violence Hotline: 800-799-7233 (https://www.thehotline.org/)
San Diego Access and Crisis Line: 888-724-7240
(https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/bhs/ACL.html)
If you have any questions or concerns, you may contact HARC at [email protected] .
[i.] Do you live in the County of San Diego?
o Yes [continues to the survey]
o No [exits survey]
Experiences
[1.] Have you, a family member, or a close friend experienced gun violence in the last five years? (This can include being threatened with a gun, being shot at, or being shot.) Please select all that apply.
o [a] Yes, I have personally experienced this.
o [b] Yes, someone in my family.
o [c] Yes, a close friend.
o [d] No, no one.
[If “Yes, I have personally experienced this” above for Question 1…] [2.] What type of gun violence have you experienced in the last five years? Select all that apply. o [a] Someone threatened to shoot me (but did not show a gun) o [b] Someone threatened me by showing me a gun
o [c] Someone threatened me by pointing a gun at me
o [d] I was shot at (but I wasn’t hit)
o [e] I was shot
[If answered “Yes, I have personally experienced this” above in Question 1…] [3.] What relationship do you/did you have to the person who committed the gun violence against you? The person who committed the violence was… o [a] My spouse or partner
o [b] A family member
o [c] My girlfriend/boyfriend
o [d] My neighbor
o [e] My classmate
o [f] My co-worker or colleague
o [g] A customer, client, or patient
o [h] My friend
o [i] A stranger (no relationship)
o [j] Myself
o [k] Other (Please specify): ________
[If answered “Yes, I have personally experienced this” above in Question 1…] [4.] Are there any comments that you would like to share about your experience with gun violence?
o [a] Yes: [Open response] ________
o [b] No
[5.] Have you known anyone, such as family, friend, co-worker, or neighbor, who has been injured or killed by a firearm in the last five years? This can include community violence, domestic violence, suicide, or accidental harm.
o [a] Yes
o [b] No
[If “Yes” above for Question 5…]
[6.] What was your relationship to the person or persons who was injured or killed? Please select all that apply. The person (or persons) was…
o [a] My child
o [b] My parent
o [c] My sibling
o [d] My spouse or partner
o [e] Another family member
o [f] My girlfriend/boyfriend
o [g] My friend
o [h] My colleague or co-worker
o [i] My classmate
o [j] My neighbor
o [k] Myself
o [l] Other (Please specify): _________
[7.] What type of gun violence was this?
o [a] Accidental (for example, unintended or a mistake) o [b] Suicide or attempted suicide
o [c] Intentional assault by a domestic partner (for example, a spouse, boyfriend/girlfriend, etc.)
o [d] Intentional assault by someone else (for example, a friend, a stranger, etc.) o [e] I don’t know
o [f] Other (Please specify): _____
The next few questions are about gun ownership. This survey is anonymous, and the responses will not contain identifying information. If you provide your contact for the gift card raffle, this information will be confidential with HARC researchers (it won’t be shared). Also, the responses from all surveys will be combined at the group level and will not be reported individually. [8.] Is there a firearm in your home (such a handgun, shotgun, rifle, etc.)? o [a] Yes
o [b] No
[If “Yes” above for Question 7…]
[9.] Why do you have a firearm in your home? Please select all that apply. o [a] It is for recreation/sport (for example, target shooting or hunting)
o [b] It is for self-defense/security (for example, defending yourself or your property) o [c] It is for work (for example, for law enforcement) o [d] It was given or inherited from a family or friend o [e] Other (Please specify): __________
[If “Yes” above for Question 7…]
[10.] Is the firearm in your home safely stored (such as in a safe or locked container)? o [a] Yes
o [b] No
[11.] Have you ever used a firearm in self-defense (to protect yourself or someone else)? o [a] Yes
o [b] No
[12.] Who were you defending or protecting? Please select all that apply. o [a] Myself
o [b] A family member
o [c] A friend
o [d] A colleague or co-worker
o [e] A stranger
o [f] Other (please specify): ____
[13.] Did you discharge the firearm or was it just presented? o [a] I discharged the firearm
o [b] I only presented the firearm
[14.] What was the reason for self-defense with a firearm? [Open response]
[15.] Did you report this incident to law enforcement?
o [a] Yes
o [b] No
Perceptions
These next questions will ask about your thoughts and perceptions about gun violence. Gun violence includes any violence caused by firearms, including community violence, domestic violence, suicide, and accidental harm.
[16.] How concerned are you about gun violence in your community (where you live, work, worship, go to school, etc.)?
o [a] Very concerned
o [b] Somewhat concerned
o [c] Not too concerned
o [d] Not concerned at all
[17.] When thinking about community gun violence (such as street violence or gang violence), how safe do you feel in your community?
o [a] Very safe
o [b] Somewhat safe
o [c] Neither safe nor unsafe
o [d] Somewhat unsafe
o [e] Very unsafe
[18.] How likely do you think that you or someone you know would be a victim of gun violence in the future?
o [a] Very likely
o [b] Somewhat likely
o [c] Neither likely nor unlikely
o [d] Somewhat unlikely
o [e] Very unlikely
[If selected “Very likely” or “Somewhat likely” above for Question 16…] [19.] You said that you think you or someone you know could possibly be the victim of gun violence in the future. What type of gun violence?
o [a] Community violence (for example, street violence, school shootings, etc.) o [b] Domestic violence
o [c] Suicide
o [d] Accidental harm
o [e] Other (Please specify): ________
[20.] What do you think are the main causes of gun violence? This can include structural, root causes or immediate, everyday causes.
[Open response]
[21.] What do you think are the best solutions for gun violence reduction? This could include short-term solutions, long-term solutions, policy solutions, changes in your community, or anything else.
[Open response]
[22.] Below is a list of different services that are intended to reduce gun violence. What services, programs, or resources do you think are most needed to help local communities impacted by gun violence?
[Instruction for paper version: Please mark an “X” in the appropriate category for each resource.] This is vital. This is
greatly needed.
This is important
but not essential.
This is somewhat
needed.
This is unnecessary.
This is not needed.
Mental health counseling
Suicide prevention programs
Domestic violence support
center/services
Substance use counseling or
treatment
Gun violence survivor
support groups/services
General gun safety training
Gun safety training in
schools (for students)
Help with economic security
(employment, housing,
childcare, etc.)
Improvements in community
conditions/infrastructure
(such as better street
lighting, more parks, etc.)
Gang prevention programs
(alternatives to joining
gangs)
Afterschool or youth
programs
Mentorship programs
Street outreach programs
Increased law enforcement
Gun violence restraining
order (GVRO) or “red flag
law” for those with mental
health crises
Gun violence restraining
order (GVRO) or “red flag
law” for those at risk of
committing violence
[23.] What other resources, services, or programs are needed to help local communities impacted by gun violence?
[Open response]
[24.] Do you know of any local organizations, groups, or networks that are working on gun violence reduction in your community? If so, please mention the exact organization names. [Open response]
Demographics
[25.] Are you Hispanic, Latino, or Latina?
o [a] Yes
o [b] No
[26.] Which one of these groups would you say best represents your race? For the purposes of this survey, Hispanic is not a race.
o [a] White
o [b] Black/African American
o [c] Asian/Asian American
o [d] American Indian/Alaska Native
o [e] Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
o [f] Multiracial/two or more races
o [g] Choose not to answer
o [h] Other (please specify): __________
[27.] How do you describe yourself?
o [a] Male
o [b] Female
o [c] Transgender
o [d] Do not identify as female, male, or transgender
[28.] Have you ever served in the U.S. military?
o [a] Yes
o [b] No
[29.] What zip code do you live in?
[Open response]
[30.] What is the highest grade or year of school you completed? o [a] 8
th grade or less
o [b] Some high school (grades 9-11)
o [c] Grade 12 or GED certificate (high school graduate) o [d] Technical school graduate
o [e] Some college
o [f] College graduate
o [g] Postgraduate or professional degree
[31.] Last year, what was your total household income?
[Open response]
[32.] What is your age in years?
[Drop-down menu of number of years]
[33.] How many people, including yourself, live in your household? [Drop-down menu of number of adults]
[Drop-down menu of number of children]
[34.] Do you have any other comments you would like to share? [Open response]
That concludes the survey! Thank you so much for your time and responses. We truly appreciate it.
If you’ve been a victim of gun violence, and need help, please reach out to these services or organizations:
San Diego County Resource Hotline: 211 (https://211sandiego.org/)
National Domestic Violence Hotline: 800-799-7233 (https://www.thehotline.org/)
San Diego Access and Crisis Line: 888-724-7240
(https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/sdc/hhsa/programs/bhs/ACL.html)
If you’d like to sign up to receive updates on gun violence reduction efforts from the County, please click here
.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding the survey and/or needs assessment, you may contact [email protected].
For a chance to win one of five $50 Visa gift cards, please enter your name, phone number, and e-mail below. Your name and contact information will not be linked to your survey responses. Winners will be selected at random. We will contact you if you are selected by the end of March 2023.
Name: _______________
Phone number: _________________
E-mail: _________________
Appendix C: General Listening Session Questions
1. How big of a problem would you say gun violence is in your community?
2. There are different kinds of gun violence: community violence (such as gang and street violence), domestic violence, suicide, and accidental harm. What kind of gun violence are you most concerned about and why?
3. There can be long-term, foundational causes of violence as well as more immediate, everyday causes of violence. What do you think are the main foundational structural causes of gun violence in your community?
4. What do you think are the more immediate, everyday causes of gun violence in your community?
5. What do you think are some possible solutions to gun violence in your community?
6. What do you think are the main barriers or obstacles to gun violence reduction in your community?
7. What are some examples of local groups, services, programs, or resources that are working toward gun violence reduction in your community? What makes these efforts successful?
8. In thinking about groups, services, programs, or resources in your community, what do these local groups need? What resources, coordination, or support do these local groups need?
9. What groups, programs, services, or resources would you like to see in your community? What does your community need that it doesn’t have?
Appendix D: Code of Civil Discourse
Source: National Conflict Resolution Center. https://ncrconline.com/mediation-conflict-resolution/the- code-of-civil-discourse/
Appendix E: Youth Listening Session Questions
1. How big of a problem would you say gun violence is in your community?
2. What role do you think youth have to play in gun violence reduction efforts?
3. In thinking about the causes of gun violence, how can schools, families, local governments, nonprofits, and others better support youth?
4. In thinking about gun violence reduction, what groups, programs, services, or resources would you like to see in your school or community?
5. What do you think are some possible solutions to gun violence in your community?
If time permits, further questions are below.
6. There are different kinds of gun violence: community violence (such as gang and street violence), domestic violence, suicide, and accidental harm. What kind of gun violence are you most concerned about and why?
7. What do you think are the main causes of gun violence in your community?
Appendix F: Post-Listening Session Mini Survey
San Diego County Gun Violence Reduction Needs Assessment Community Listening Session
- Attendee Survey -
1. How did you hear about these listening sessions?
________________________________________________________________________
2. How could these listening sessions be improved?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. How would you like to be engaged in this project moving forward? ________________________________________________________________________
4. Please feel free to share any comments about your experience or opinions regarding gun violence in San Diego County.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. What is your zip code? ______________________________
6. How do you describe yourself?
o Male
o Female
o Transgender
o Do not identify as female, male, or
transgender
7. Which best describes your racial/ethnic identity? (Please select one.) o White (not of Hispanic origin)
o Latino/Hispanic
o Asian/Asian American
o Black/African American
o Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
o American Indian/Alaska Native
o Multiracial/two or more races
o Other:
___________________________
8. What is your age, in years? __________________________
Appendix G: Mini Survey Results
Attendees of the listening sessions (excluding the two youth listening sessions) were invited to complete a brief, eight-question survey. This “mini survey” captured basic information such as demographics (age, race, gender) and residence (zip code) and allowed attendees to write-in their suggestions and opinions.
The results of the mini survey reflect only a rough picture of those who attended. Not all attendees took the mini survey. In one sparsely attended session, no attendees took the survey, while in another well- attended session, nearly half took the survey. The mini survey was optional, and the logistics of each event differed (e.g., the time available at the venue afterward, table space available to write on, etc.).
Although imprecise, the results nonetheless provide useful context.
The mini survey asked for basic demographic information as well as several open-ended questions.
Table 1 below lists the attendance and number of completed mini surveys for each public listening session. Approximately 322 San Diego County residents attended the 7 listening sessions that offered a mini survey, and 70 attendees completed the mini survey, which was a 26.5% survey completion rate.
Mini surveys were not distributed at the two youth listening sessions.
Table 1. San Diego Gun Violence Listening Sessions
Date Location Number of
attendees
Number of
attendees that
completed survey
November 16, 2022 Virtual 5 0
November 17, 2022 Jackie Robinson YMCA
(San Diego) 9 0
November 28, 2022 Remnant Church
(San Diego) 65 22
December 1, 2022 Virtual 40 9
December 5, 2022 Civic Center Public Library
(Chula Vista) 22 9
December 7, 2022 One Safe Place
(San Marcos) 25 15
December 15, 2022 Ronald Reagan Community Center
(El Cajon) 98 15
December 20, 2022 UC San Diego Park & Market 30 0
January 5, 2023 San Diego School of Creative and
Performing Arts 28 0
Total 322 70
Participant Gender
The majority of the participants that completed the mini survey were male (56.5%).
Figure 1. Survey Participant Gender
Note: n = 69
Male
56.5%
Female
43.5%
Racial/Ethnic Identity
Mini survey participants were asked their racial/ethnic identity. More than half of participants (52.2%) were White (not of Hispanic origin). Nearly one fourth (23.9%) were Latino/Hispanic, and 9% were Black/African American.
About 6.0% of mini survey participants responded with “other,” and specified their responses with the following: Arab (n = 1), Russian (n = 1), Mexicano (n = 1), Chicano (n = 1).
The other participants identified as multiracial/two or more races (4.5%), Asian/Asian American (3.0%), and American Indian/Alaska Native (1.5%).
Figure 2. Survey Participant Racial/Ethnic Identity
Note: n = 67
52.2%
23.9%
9.0%
4.5%
3.0%
1.5%
6.0%
White (not of Hispanic origin)
Latino/Hispanic
Black/African American
Multiracial/two or more races
Asian/Asian American
American Indian/Alaska Native
Other
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Participant Age
More than two thirds of mini survey participants were 50 years or older (69.9%), with participants in the ages 50-59 composing 30.2%. Approximately 9.5% of mini survey participants were aged 30-39 or 40-39.
Less than 5% were aged 20-29, and 6.3% were under 20 years old.
Figure 3. Survey Participant Ages
Note: n = 63
6.3% 4.8%
9.5% 9.5%
30.2%
22.2%
17.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Under 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79- -• • • • • • •
Participant City of Residence
Mini survey participants were asked the zip code of their residence. These zip codes were then grouped by city. Below is a list of the mini survey participants’ city of residence, from most common to least common.
For a list of zip codes, please see Appendix N.
Table 2. City of Residence
City Number of
responses
San Diego 28
Chula Vista 6
El Cajon 6
Del Mar 3
Oceanside 3
National City 2
Escondido 2
Lakeside 2
Santee 2
Solana Beach 2
San Marcos 2
Vista 2
La Mesa 1
Encinitas 1
Ramona 1
Total 63
Participant’s Feedback
The mini survey asked participants a series of prompts: “How did you hear about these listening sessions?” “How could these listening sessions be improved?,” “How would you like to be engaged in this project moving forward?” and “Share any additional comments about your experience or opinions regarding gun violence in San Diego County.” Qualitative analyses revealed the common themes of each question. Responses that could not be categorized with a theme were categorized as “other” and listed below.
How did you hear about these listening sessions?
Mini survey participants’ responses for how they heard about the listening sessions varied. The most common responses were the San Diego Gun Owners Association (n = 14), Community Wraparound (n = 12), and from an email (n = 12).
Other responses included social media, news or TV (n = 8), a gun safety organization (n = 6), a friend/family/coworker (n = 5), a local group or organization (n = 5), and word of mouth (n = 4).
Less common responses included Pastor Sandoval (an Advisory Group member and session host; n = 3), Board of Supervisors (n = 2), and “other” (n = 3). The responses specified in “other” include: “a program,” “gun violence,” and another Advisory Group member and session host.
Figure 4. How did you hear about these listening sessions?
Note: n = 69. Some responses may have more than one theme.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Board of supervisors
Pastor Sandoval
Other
Word of mouth
Friend/family/coworker
A local group or organization
A gun safety organization
Social media, news, or tv
Community Wraparound
An email
San Diego Gun Owners Association
..
How could these listening sessions be improved?
When asked how the listening sessions could be improved, many mini survey participants answered that there are no suggestions or that the listening session was good as it is (n = 11). Other mini survey participants made suggestions to change the logistics such as the time, location, and duration of the event (n = 11).
A few other suggestions included to reach more diverse views, including students (n = 6) and to limit speaking time (n = 5). Less common suggestions included to make changes or edits to questions (n = 4), to advertise more (n = 4), to share the report and solutions (n = 4), to stay on topic during the listening session (n = 3), and commitment from the county (n = 2).
Figure 5. How could these listening sessions be improved?
Note: n = 49. Some responses may have more than one theme.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Need commitment from county
Stay on topic
Share report and solutions
Make changes to questions
Advertise more
Limit speaking time
Reach more diverse views including students
No suggestions/It was good
Make logistic changes (hour, locaiton, time, etc.)
..
..
How would you like to be engaged in this project moving forward? Mini survey participants were asked how they would like to be engaged in the project. Some answered that they would like to receive project updates (n = 14).
Others responded that they would like to be engaged by having public comment opportunities (n = 7), by listening and attending sessions (n = 7), and by being involved in the research and data (n = 6). Less common responses included by participating (n = 4), by providing and helping with resources (n = 2), and by education and “spreading the word” (n = 2).
Figure 6. How would you like to be engaged in this project moving forward?
Note: n = 45. Some responses may have more than one theme.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
By providing and helping with resources
By spreading the word and education
By participating (not specified)
I would like to be invovled in the research and data
With public comment
By listening and attending sessions
With project updates
I
I
I
.., I
..,
Additional Comments or Opinions regarding Gun Violence
Lastly, listening sessions attendees were asked to share any comments about their experience or opinions in the post-listening session mini survey. Responses varied and some common themes, reflecting those above, are as follows:
• Focus on mental health resources or resources to manage emotions (n = 8) • I have issues with the term “gun” violence (n = 7)
• Resources are needed (n = 5)
• We need to enforce current laws (n = 4)
• Focus on children and school programs (n = 4)
• I support gun safety and safe storage education (n = 3) • I am proud or hopeful about this project (n = 3)
• We need more severe penalties (n = 3)
• I enjoyed this session, or this session was educational (n = 3)
Figure 7. Any comments about your experience or opinions regarding gun violence in San Diego County
Note: n = 51. Some responses may have more than one theme.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
I support gun violence prevention
I support gun safety and safety storage education
Need more severe penalties
I proud/hopeful about this project
I enjoyed this session/session was educational
Need to enforce current laws
Focus on children and school programs
Resources are needed
I have issues with the term "gun" violence
Focus on mental health/resources to manage emotions
T T
Appendix H: Public Listening Session Themes: Defining the Problem of Gun Violence
Theme N
Don’t focus on “gun violence” 20
Gun violence is a big problem 17
Community violence (including gangs) 17
Suicide 13
Impacts on youth 11
Feel unsafe in neighborhood 7
Domestic violence 5
Feel unsafe in public (e.g., schools, stores) 5
Criminals are the problem 5
Semi-automatic weapons 2
Men/boys are often the perpetrators 2
Mass shootings 2
Appendix I: Public Listening Session Themes: Causes of Gun Violence
Theme N
Mental health/trauma 17
Lack of family/social support 12
Ease of access to illegal guns 8
Popular culture 4
Drug abuse 4
Lack of law enforcement 4
Gun manufacturers 4
Lack of economic opportunities 3
Hate 2
Appendix J: Public Listening Session Themes: Solutions to Gun Violence
Theme N
Funding of community-based organizations 16
Youth mentorship 11
Other support programs for youth 11
Enforce the laws (including gun laws) 9
Gun safety education 8
Higher criminal penalties 5
Mental health support 5
GVROs 5
Support for parents/families 4
Safe storage 4
Education on gun violence reduction resources 3
Federal gun control 3
Gun buybacks 3
Restrictions on gun lobbying 2
Suicide prevention programs 2
No more gun laws 2
More concealed carry weapons (CCW) licenses 2
Police training 2
Violence interruption/street outreach 2
Background checks 2
No guns in schools 2
Improve County contract procurement process 2
Aftercare for victims 2
Gun sale restrictions 2
Hospital-based violence intervention 2
Appendix K: Public Listening Session Themes: Other Themes
Theme N
Support for gun rights 14
Critiques or skepticism of gun violence reduction
study
11 Improve listening sessions 4
Openness to dialogue 4
Appendix L: Youth Listening Session Themes
Theme N
Gun violence personally affects me 10
We must talk about/engage the issue 10
Gun violence is a big problem 8
Desensitization to gun violence 5
It affects mental health 5
Appendix M: Mini Survey Participant Residence by Zip Code
Zip Code City Number of responses
92103 San Diego 5
92020 El Cajon 4
92105 San Diego 4
91910 Chula Vista 3
92014 Del Mar 3
92101 San Diego 3
92114 San Diego 3
91950 National City 2
92025 Escondido 2
92040 Lakeside 2
92056 Oceanside 2
92071 Santee 2
92075 Solana Beach 2
92078 San Marcos 2
92081 Vista 2
92104 San Diego 2
91911 Chula Vista 1
91913 Chula Vista 1
91915 Chula Vista 1
91941 La Mesa 1
92019 El Cajon 1
92021 El Cajon 1
92024 Encinitas 1
92057 Oceanside 1
92065 Ramona 1
92102 San Diego 1
92110 San Diego 1
92111 San Diego 1
92115 San Diego 1
92116 San Diego 1
92117 San Diego 1
92120 San Diego 1
92122 San Diego 1
92127 San Diego 1
92129 San Diego 1
92184 San Diego 1
Total 63
Appendix N: Community Survey Responses for Solutions
Response N
Background checks 175
Mental health care 170
Harsher punishment 141
Ban automatic/assault/military-grade weapons 138
Gun safety training 117
Limit gun ownership/access to guns 111
Gun control/gun laws 102
Support/more concealed carry weapons (CCW)
licenses
95 Prosecute criminals 87
Education 87
Enforce existing laws 76
Support gun ownership/arm citizens 75
Imprison criminals/keep in jail 68
More police/support the police 63
Economic justice/good jobs/housing 56
Ban guns 44
Require gun licenses 40
Support parents/single parents/families 38
Gun buy backs 38
Require gun insurance 29
Waiting period for gun sales 28
Youth programs/support/mentoring 28
Safe storage 28
GVROs 27
Border control 27
Gun safety training for youth 27
Higher minimum age to buy gun 23
Constitutional carry/open carry 21
Support 2nd Amendment 20
Challenge glorification of guns/violence 19
Police reform 19
Address drugs 16
Ban high-capacity magazines 16
Require gun registration 16
Reduce gang violence/crack down on gangs 16
More healthcare 15
Address domestic violence 15
Safety net/social services 14
Make easier to identify/report threats 14
Resources for affected communities 13
God/faith/spiritual education 13
Limit ammo purchases 12
Fewer guns 12
Limit number of guns owned 12
Enforce gun laws 12
Drug treatment 11
Restrict access to illegal guns 11
Address racism/misogyny 11
Death penalty 11
Don't demonize guns/gun owners 11
Gang prevention/violence intervention programs 11
Control illegal gun sales 11
Federal gun laws 11
Get rid of "gun free zones" 10
Sue gun manufacturers/make liable 10
Ban ghost guns 10
Gun owners liable for crimes committed with gun 9
Fewer gun laws 9
More research on guns/violence 9
Repeal/change 2nd Amendment 8
Promote community cohesion/involvement 8
3 strikes law 8
Conflict resolution in workplace/schools 8
Inmate rehabilitation 8
School safety measures 7
Gun laws don't work 7
Gun tax 7
Ban guns for criminals 7
Get rid of/limit gun lobby 6
Address homelessness 6
"Violence" not "gun violence" 6
Make parents liable for kids' gun crime 6
Education on emotional coping strategies 6
Ban/restrict concealed carry weapons (CCW)
licenses
5 Don't know 5
Community policing 5
Give school staff guns 5
Gun safety outreach 5
Community-based education 5
Built trust between police/community 4
No gun shows 4
More lenient punishment 4
Childcare/after school programs 4
Suicide prevention program 4
Fire judges/prosecutors who don't enforce laws 4
Remove no-cash bail 4
Teach kids emotional regulation 4
Gun database 4
Require making guns safer 4
Alternative emergency response calls 3
Drug legalization 3
No more gun laws 3
Educate gun owners 3
Education about guns 3
Deport immigrant criminals 3
People need to be responsible 3
Repeal Prop 47 and 57 3
Self-defense classes 3
Stop DEI/"equity rhetoric" 3
Teach diversity/tolerance 3
teach kids positive values 3
Ban guns for mentally ill 2
Coordination b/w govt dept 2
Crack down on drugs/cartel 2
Limit high-capacity guns 2
Better gun violence education 2
Family values/morals 2
Improve environment/infrastructure 2
Don't publicize mass shooters 2
Defund the police 2
De-escalation training 2
Better politicians 2
Change marriage laws 2
Drug education 3
Challenge "gun culture" 2
N/A/no comment 2
No guns that appeal to children 2
destroy guns used for crime 2
Religion in public school 2
Repeal CA gun roster 2
"School choice" 2
Republicans 2
Required training for concealed carry weapons
(CCW) licenses
2 Discipline children 2
Address bullying 2
Sue the NRA 2
take guns away from problematic owners 2
Address social media’s detrimental impact 2
Community volunteer/participation 2
Track at-risk people 2
Build better doors and walls 1
Concealed carry weapons (CCW) class in high
school
1 Change news coverage 1
Close boyfriend loophole 1
Collaboration across gov't agencies 1
Community watch programs 1
Congressional term limits 1
Crime prevention 1
Criminal database 1
Critical thinking skills 1
Culture of love 1
"Castle doctrine" 1
Deport undocumented criminals 1
Don't count suicide as "violence" 1
Don't excuse criminal activity 1
Don't forfeit gun if mental health care 1
Don't let "thugs" raise kids 1
Don't listen to the news 1
Don't portray criminals as victims 1
Don't vote for Republicans 1
Educate on 2nd Amendment 1
Educate on value of police 1
Educate people about self defense 1
Educate public on GVROs 1
Expand CA Bureau of Firearms staff 1
Faster police response times 1
fewer police with guns 1
Fine gun shops 1
fingerprint technology on gun 1
Get rid of wokeness 1
Give vouchers to buy gun 1
Gov't surveil terrorists 1
Gun safety taught by parents 1
Gun training for County contractors 1
Harsher punishment of political corruption 1
Have women elected to office 1
Ignore the issue of gun violence 1
Involve the community 1
Keep guns from kids 1
Lower population 1
Education on safe storage, GVROs for police 1
Mandatory ROTC 1
Mandatory voting/civic classes 1
March for Our Lives recommends 1
Media reporting defense gun use 1
Mental health support for police 1
metal detectors in public 1
More calming spaces/nature 1
More gun recreation sites 1
More public funding for solutions 1
"Criminalize road rage" 1
No ADF influence 1
No ammo registration 1
No ban on high-capacity ammo 1
No city worker vax mandate 1
No CRT in schools 1
No gun control for "law-abiding citizens" 1
"Disarm hate" & "Extreme risk" laws 1
No handgun roster 1
Make criminal penalties clear 1
No restriction on gun types 1
No restrictions on semiautomatic rifles 1
No solution 1
Oakland Ceasefire program 1
Pay social workers more 1
Pay teachers more 1
A plan to address root causes 1
Perpetrator pays for funeral 1
Police in schools 1
Pro-gun laws 1
promote youth shooting sport 1
Protect children from sexual predators 1
Protect children's parks 1
Protect due process 1
PSAs 1
Public education by health providers 1
Publicize harsh punishment 1
Quick execution process 1
Raid homes for illegal guns 1
Reform GVROs 1
Regulate gun biz 1
Regulate police gun use 1
Reinstitute fairness doctrine 1
Abortion access 1
Remove Nathan Fletcher 1
Anti-gang laws 1
anti-gun campaigns 1
Reporting system for when gun shots are heard 1
Ban Polymer80 Inc. from selling guns 1
Require Doctor's note for gun 1
Require gun owners to know whereabouts of gun 1
Require register home-made guns 1
Ban realistic toy guns 1
Respect other people 1
Restorative justice 1
Restrict sales at gun shows 1
Safe outlets for anger 1
School staff training to handle threats 1
Ban silencers 1
Stop and frisk 1
Ban some guns 1
stop producing guns 1
Stop states from allowing permit-less guns 1
Store high-capacity guns at armory 1
Better healthcare/support for veterans 1
Better parole/probation 1
Take threats more seriously 1
Better police patrols 1
Bipartisan compromise 1
teach kids self-respect 1
Teach lifestyle consequences 1
Teach problem solving 1
Tear down gun industry 1
Birth control 1
Teach respect for guns/life 1
Treat human life as sacred 1
Treatment to curb recidivism 1
Unseat pro-gun control public officials 1
Welfare reform 1
Victims fund from gun fees 1
Mental health screening police/military 1
Appendix O: Community Survey Responses for Other
Resources/Programs/Services
Response N
None/N/A 37
More policing 37
Harsher punishment 33
Jail criminals 30
Gun training/safety training 28
Mental health care 27
Police reform/training 27
Gun buy backs 21
Support concealed carry weapons (CCW) 21
Faith/church programs 20
Above list is good start 19
Support/fund police 18
Enforce existing laws 17
Support mother/father/family 16
Economic support/security/opportunity 14
I don't know/not sure 14
Youth support/programs 14
Support gun ownership/arm citizens 13
Gun safety training for kids 12
Prosecute criminals 12
Border control 11
Housing 10
Concerns with GVROs 10
Self defense training 9
Limit guns/gun ownership 9
Education 9
Ban guns 9
Gun control 9
Organizations 7
Healthcare 7
Don't focus on "gun violence" 7
Background checks 7
Jobs/job training 6
School security/safety drills 6
Anti-bullying/anti-hate programs in school 6
Conflict resolution training 6
Stop glorification of violence 6
Community centers/programs 6
Safe storage/gun lock 5
Mental health first-responders 5
Support/teach the 2nd Amendment 5
Address homelessness 4
Community outreach/outreach to at-risk
communities
4 Community policing 4
Cut welfare 4
No additional programs 4
No/less gov't bureaucracy 4
Better politicians/leaders 4
Rehabilitate criminals 4
Ban assault/automatic/weapons of war 4
Death penalty 4
Address drugs 4
Teach children to love/respect 4
Violence intervention/prevention programs 4
Require gun license 3
GVROs 3
Youth shooting sports 3
No gun-free zones 3
Social programs/social services 3
Better monitor gun purchases 3
Gang police units 3
Don't let criminals have guns 3
Arm school staff 3
Gun tax 3
Constitutional carry/open carry 3
Fix the courts 3
Limit/defund NRA 2
No GVROs 2
Defund the police 2
Deport the undocumented 2
Disarm police 2
Penalties for false GVRO reporting 2
Police crackdown on gangs 2
Focus on criminals 2
Don't demonize guns/gun owners 2
Educate public on laws 2
Public education on gun violence prevention 2
Food security 2
Raise awareness safe gun ownership/storage 2
Apolitical school education 2
Remove politicians 2
Apprentice/internship programs 2
Return cash bail 2
Gun violence research 2
Ask impacted communities what they need 2
Built infrastructure 2
Gun owner insurance 2
PSAs on TV/radio 2
Street surveillance cameras 2
Lower taxes 1
Make gun manufacturers liable for gun deaths 2
Support for domestic violence survivors 2
Mandatory gun ownership 2
Community-based organizations 2
Gun self-defense training in school 2
System for reporting threats 2
Tax corporations/wealthy 2
Crackdown on cartels 2
Crisis hotlines 2
Waiting periods 2
Greater ghost gun penalties 1
Gun transfer if suicidal 1
Gun violence prevention community meetings 1
Have people work/go to school 1
Raise price of ammo 1
Hold authorities accountable if ignore threats 1
Home security 1
Identify threats 1
Incapacitate mentally ill 1
Incentive for community college 1
Incentivize gun ownership/training/concealed
carry weapons (CCW)
1 Increase age limit for gun ownership 1
"Neighbors talking to neighbors" 1
"Pro-gun laws" 1
Keep guns from mentally ill 1
Keep gun violence issue in the news 1
Knock and talks 1
Less gov't regulations 1
Less police 1
1 strike law 1
Location detector for shots fired 1
2 strikes law 1
3 strikes law 1
Make gun stores liable 1
Make guns more expensive 1
Make Mexico secure southern border 1
Make parents liable for kid's gun use 1
Advertise gun violence safety programs 1
Maybe a free car 1
Ban abortion 1
Ban gun marketing to children 1
Metal detectors in public venues 1
Better jobs 1
More well-managed public spending 1
More social workers 1
Neighborhood watch 1
No "woke" prosecutors 1
Ban guns from men 1
No CRT 1
No gun buy back 1
Better reporting of those not able to have gun 1
No guns on campuses 1
Childcare 1
No new gun laws 1
Civics education 1
Collaborate with pro-gun groups 1
Oakland Ceasefire program 1
Community/social pressure against gun use 1
Consensus-building programs 1
Penalty for gun stores for illegal sales 1
People need hope 1
Constitutional law classes for elected officials 1
Counter influence of Soros 1
Police search all suspicious cars 1
Political will 1
Prevent gun trafficking 1
Prevention is important 1
Private programs, not gov't programs 1
Proactive policing 1
Promote traditional marriage 1
Criminal justice reform 1
Protests 1
Discipline kids 1
Public education on fetal alcohol spectrum
disorder
1 Don't early release felons 1
Public funding 1
Don't fund ineffective programs 1
Racial justice 1
Don't infringe on gun rights 1
Record/report failed background checks 1
Don't turn to gov't for solutions 1
Remove illegal guns 1
Don't use term "gang" 1
Repeal "pro-criminal" state laws 1
Report domestic violence/hate incidents 1
DVROs 1
Require gun safety features 1
Require mental health/drug treatment 1
Restorative justice programs 1
Educate parents 1
Review/revise gun owner permitting 1
Roads and infrastructure 1
Safe schools 1
Safe storage training for parents 1
Educate public on gun stats 1
Safety/gun violence presentation for school kids 1
Emotional management training in school 1
Security at parks 1
Empathy training for teachers/kids 1
Proposals from Everytown 1
Speed up concealed carry weapons (CCW) license
application process
1 Spend tax money responsibly 1
Stop and frisk 1
Factual information for victims 1
Public warning signs on danger of guns 1
Federal gun tracking system 1
Federal NRA funding 1
Fewer community organizers 1
Financial incentive for stores to not sell guns 1
Support for families of victims 1
Find root causes of gangs 1
Support hunting/marksmanship 1
Focus on accurate stats 1
Protections against fraud/waste 1
Survey is misleading 1
Sustainable funding 1
Free market capitalism 1
Get money out of politics 1
Get rid of liberals 1
Tell gun violence reduction success stories 1
Tip line with reward for illegal guns 1
Too many to list 1
Training for mass shooting 1
Treat PTSD of shooting victims 1
Treat transgender people for mental illness 1
Tutorials on how to get a gun/ concealed carry
weapons (CCW)
1 Universal basic income 1
Unions 1
Girl Scouts/Boy Scouts 1
Waiting period waiver for self defense 1
Gov't involvement 1
Warning signs at gun shops 1
Stop wokeness 1
Appendix P: Community Survey Responses for “Causes”
Response N
lack of gun education/education 28
Racism 28
People are the problem, not guns 25
Domestic violence 23
Men/masculinity 23
No fathers in the home 23
No values/morals in society 22
Lack of responsibility/accountability 20
No value for human life 19
Need more armed citizens/coral snakes 16
Improper storage 16
Cartel/across the border 15
Violence culture/culture 15
Suicide/suicidal 13
Politicians/politics/politics and guns
interconnected
13 Illegal immigrants 12
Lack of empathy/emotional intelligence 11
Alcohol abuse 11
Not enough police 11
Socioeconomic/lack of opportunity 10
Depression 9
Easy access to guns when upset 9
Democrats/liberals 9
White supremacy 8
Lack of community 8
Lack of gun legislation 8
Lack of hope 7
Police presence/use of firearms 7
Need to enforce red flag laws 7
Poor coping skills 6
Inequity/perceived inequity 6
Homeless 6
Media misinformation/overhype 6
Structural issues 6
Lack of consequences 6
Need to protect gun owners 6
Structural issues 6
Lack of consequences 6
Poor conflict resolutions skills 5
Bad people/evil people 5
Conflict in society 5
Too many laws 5
No cash bail release 5
Ignorance 4
Lack of community resources 4
Sex/human trafficking 4
Entitlement 3
Black people/black on black crime 3
Too many gun free zones 3
Corrupt government 3
People are violent by nature 2
Kids getting lost and into trouble 2
Social media 2
Poor leadership 2
Republicans 2
No role models 1
Need rehabilitation, not punishment 1
Need easier access to guns 1
Need data on gun violence 1
Appendix Q: Community Survey Responses for “Other Comments”
Response N
No/N/A 95
The problem isn't guns or "gun violence" 44
Thank you 35
Support 2nd Amendment/gun rights 33
No new gun laws/gun control doesn't work 32
Support gun ownership/arm citizens 22
Don't demonize/blame/burden guns/gun owners 21
Prosecute criminals 14
Enforce existing laws 14
Address mental health 12
Guns help with self defense 11
Gun safety training 11
Focus on root causes 10
Harsher punishment 10
Gun control 10
More police/support the police 9
Gun violence is a big problem 7
I live in fear of gun violence 6
I hope for change 6
Concerns with GVROs 6
Look at cultures/countries with less gun violence 6
Gun safety education in school/to kids 6
Limit gun ownership/access 6
Support the family/role of parents 5
Importance of religion/faith 5
Address homelessness 5
Make change to survey 5
Ban military/assault weapons/ammunition 5
Support/more concealed carry weapons (CCW) 5
Keep criminals in jail 4
Control the border 4
Address drug problem 4
Address economic inequality/poverty/jobs 4
Gun-free zones don't work 3
Good luck 3
Invest in people/communities 3
Ban guns 3
Suicide/self-defense is not "gun violence" 3
I want to know survey findings/resulting policies 3
Support the Constitution 3
This survey is biased 3
Criminals are the problem 3
School gun violence is shameful/intolerable 3
Don't release inmates early 2
Gun control is racist 2
Concealed carry weapons (CCW) license for
someone who files restraining order
2 Don't take guns away from "law abiding citizens" 2
Defund the police 2
Gun violence is a public health crisis 2
Address police brutality/abuse 2
Education 2
I’m against Prop 47 2
Mentally ill shouldn't have guns 2
Imprison criminals 2
Register guns 2
Youth programs 2
Support gun violence research 2
support safe storage 2
Support Sheriff's Dept. 2
Tax ammunition 2
We need to stand up to NRA 2
Liberals/Democrats are the problem 2
Gun violence devastated our family 2
Guns result in gun violence 2
Listen to/Have empathy for "the other side" 2
I disagree with the Left 2
School safety is my priority 2
2nd Amendment is anachronistic 2
Bring back 3 strikes law 2
This is a waste of money 2
My family members/friends were in mass
shootings
2 Background checks 1
Ban some guns 1
Being a victim made me want a gun 1
Death penalty 1
Democrats want to raise taxes 1
Destroy all guns 1
Disappointed with gov't 1
Don't ban guns 1
Don't fund ineffective programs 1
Don't infringe on my rights 1
Don't support NRA 1
I don't trust the police 1
Educate public on public dangers of gun
ownership
1 Exasperated nothing is done 1
Fix the problem without spending more money 1
"Let's Go Brandon" 1
Focus on safety, not gun rights 1
Gang prevention programs 1
Get partisan politics out of law/policymaking 1
Get school community volunteers 1
Government needs to find a solution 1
Governor Newsome is a failure 1
Gov't serves the people, not rule people 1
Gun ownership is human right 1
Gun ownership protects freedom 1
Gun protected my family 1
Gun safety events at gun stores 1
Gun violence is gender violence 1
Guns protect the working class 1
GV caused by bad upbringing 1
Have data drive decisions 1
Have effective solutions/recommendations 1
Help victims of crime 1
I don't feel safe 1
I fear erosion of gun rights 1
I feel hopeless to stop mass shootings 1
Keep dangerous weapons at shooting ranges 1
Keep up the good work 1
Leaders don't have courage to challenge 2A 1
Legal gun owners aren't the problem 1
Let ex-convicts own guns 1
Jail/fire gov't officials/politicians 1
I've been in law enforcement 20+ years 1
Look at link between white supremacists and gun
violence 1
Make county a leader in combating gun violence 1
Make ghost gun possession felony 1
Mental health is problem in rural areas 1
Inmate rehabilitation 1
No guns for household with mental illness 1
Need new politicians 1
No cops on campuses/schools 1
"MAGA" 1
No one solution for gun violence 1
No solution without giving up guns 1
I'm afraid police will harm me/my family 1
Nothing will change 1
Nowhere is safe from gun violence 1
Only legislation will solve this 1
Overturn Citizens United 1
Paying for security at synagogues is a great
burden 1
Penalize gun manufacturers 1
People are numb to gun violence 1
People need basic needs met 1
Please fairly report all data 1
police reform 1
Prevent people from lending their gun 1
Promote communication as alternative to
violence 1
If guns are outlawed, only criminals will have guns 1
Protect domestic violence survivors 1
Protect youth in schools 1
"Sorry for being a White male" 1
I worry about minority families 1
Replicate effective programs 1
Report mental health risks to police 1
Right-wing fascism is a problem 1
Safe storage hinders self defense 1
San Diego is not a nice place to live anymore 1
Saving lives is more important than gun
ownership 1
Seek input of those with lived experience 1
Sheriff's Dept. didn't investigate a local shooting 1
"The Constitution is not a crime" 1
Some gun control measures weren't listed on
survey 1
South Denver Moms Demand Action has good
recommendations 1
Stop all violence 1
Stop SANDAG mileage tax 1
Subsidize gun ownership for low-income
communities 1
"Wild west"/"vigilante justice" is scary 1
I want to not live in fear of gun violence 1
Support GVROs 1
Accidental discharge is not "gun violence" 1
Support Sheriff's concealed carry weapons (CCW)
application process 1
Address bullying 1
Some questions are too personal 1
Need affordable housing 1
I volunteer for GV prevention 1
I support gun rights but not for automatic
weapons 1
Survey questions not relevant 1
Against Prop 57 1
Teach children values/character 1
Teach kids gun safety at home 1
Teach self-defense classes 1
I love San Diego County 1
Society should obey laws 1
I fostered children impacted by gun violence 1
This is my number one issue 1
This problem must be solved 1
This survey is a joke 1
Amend the Constitution 1
This survey isn't about health 1
Thoughts and prayers aren't enough 1
Understand difference between AR 15 and
assault weapon 1
Use Nextdoor and school districts for project
outreach 1
Use other methods (focus groups, church
meetings, etc.) 1
Utah is example of success of arming teachers 1
Value human life 1
Vote Republican 1
Warnings on violent video games 1
We deserve to feel safe 1
We need federal action 1
We need new solutions 1
Arm/train teachers 1
We need true "community" 1
we suffer with fewer police 1
We're all at risk of GV 1
The problem is automatic weapons 1
Appendix R: Literature Review References
“Community.” 2023. Prevent Firearm Suicide.
https://preventfirearmsuicide.efsgv.org/interventions/community/
“Community-Based Violence Interruption Programs Can Reduce Gun Violence.” 2023. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/community-based-violence-interruption- programs-can-reduce-gun-violence/
“Individual.” 2023. Prevent Firearm Suicide.
https://preventfirearmsuicide.efsgv.org/interventions/individual/
“Relationship.” 2023. Prevent Firearm Suicide.
https://preventfirearmsuicide.efsgv.org/interventions/relationship/
“Societal.” 2023. Prevent Firearm Suicide. https://preventfirearmsuicide.efsgv.org/interventions/societal/
Anderson, J. 26 June 2018. “We Need to Talk About “Gun Violence”: Reflections on Terminology and Contexts of Violence.” Somatosphere.
http://somatosphere.net/2018/we-need-to-talk-about-gun- violence-reflections-on-terminology-and-contexts-of-violence.html/
Barton, C. 11 Aug 2021. “New York to Roll Out Pioneering Violence Prevention Program That Involves Financial Incentives.” The Trace.
https://www.thetrace.org/2021/08/new-york-advance-peace-gun- violence-prevention-program/
Bauchner, H., Rivara, F. P., Bonow, R. O., Bressler, N. M., Disis, M. L. N., Heckers, S., ... & Robinson, J. K. (2017). Death by gun violence—a public health crisis. JAMA psychiatry, 74(12), 1195-1196. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2657419
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Gramlich. J. 3 February 2022. “What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S.” Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/02/03/what-the-data-says-about-gun-deaths-in-the-u-s/
Gross, S., Possley, M. and Stephens, K. 2017. “Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States.” National Registry of Exonerations.
https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/documents/race_and_wrongful_convictions.pdf .
Gun violence measures in San Jose, CA (NYTimes Op-ed):
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Hemenway, D., & Miller, M. (2013). Public health approach to the prevention of gun violence. N Engl J Med, 368(21), 2033-2035.
https://apha.confex.com/apha/141am/webprogram/Handout/id2046/Handout--Oral_290579.pdf
Henderson, J. 1 May 2018. “Gun Cultures Reflect Broader Changes in American Society.” Somatosphere. http://somatosphere.net/2018/gun-cultures-reflect-broader-changes-in-american-society.html/
Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solution. “Firearm Suicide.” https://efsgv.org/firearm-suicide/
Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solution. “Public Health Approach to Gun Violence Prevention.” https://efsgv.org/learn/learn-more-about-gun-violence/public-health-approach-to-gun-violence- prevention/
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Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solution. “Public Health Approach to Gun Violence Prevention.” https://efsgv.org/learn/learn-more-about-gun-violence/public-health-approach-to-gun-violence- prevention/
Kapadia. F. Dec 2022. “Gun Control for Health: A Public of Consequence.” AJPH, December 2022. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307133
Leap, J, et al. December 2020. “Newark Community Street Team Narrative Evaluation.” UCLA Luskin and Newark Community Street Team.
https://www.newarkcommunitystreetteam.org/wp-
content/uploads/2021/02/NCST-Evaluation_FINAL.pdf
Lee, K. 2018. “Amid Rising Gun Violence, Accidental Shooting Deaths Have Plummeted. Why?” Los Angeles Times, 2018, January 1st edition.
http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-accidental-gun-deaths- 20180101-story.html.
MacGillis, A. 30 Jan 2023. “When Law Enforcement Alone Can’t Stop the Violence.” The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/02/06/when-law-enforcement-alone-cant-stop-the- violence
Matthay, E., Farkas, K., Rudolph, K., Zimmerman, S., Barragan, Ml, Goin, D., and Ahern, J. 2019. “Firearm and Nonfirearm Violence After Operation Peacemarker Fellowship in Richmond, California, 1996-2016.” AJPH (109):11. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305288
Mozaffarian, D., Hemenway, D., & Ludwig, D. S. (2013). Curbing gun violence: lessons from public health successes. JAMA, 309(6), 551-552. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1556167
National Criminal Justice Association. Oct 2021. An Overview: Community Violence Intervention Strategies.
https://370377fc-459c-47ec-b9a9-
c25f410f7f94.filesusr.com/ugd/cda224_c5b96183fb614e9692f99513646abd0d.pdf
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c25f410f7f94.filesusr.com/ugd/cda224_c5b96183fb614e9692f99513646abd0d.pdf
National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS)
https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/datasources/nvdrs/index.html
Papachristos AV, Braga AA, Hureau DM. Social networks and the risk of gunshot injury. J Urban Health. 2012 Dec;89(6):992-1003. doi: 10.1007/s11524-012-9703-9. PMID: 22714704; PMCID: PMC3531351.
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14. PMID: 24228655; PMCID: PMC3910040.
Papachristos, A. V., & Kirk, D. S. (2015). Changing the street dynamic: Evaluating Chicago's group violence reduction strategy. Criminology & Public Policy, 14(3), 525-558. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0dee0da-bf1c-44e1-bce0- 50c3eca9aa09/files/mffca50f72cc77cde9578ea69ee72a2a5
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violence-intervention-research/
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Santa Clara County Public Health. 2022. “Cost of Gun Violence in Santa Clara County.” https://publichealth.sccgov.org/sites/g/files/exjcpb916/files/documents/SCPubHealth_2022_Gun_Violenc e_Report.pdf
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Appendix S: Community Survey: Organizations to Address Gun Violence
Table 7. Organizations, Groups, and Networks to Address Gun Violence – Community Survey Local Organizations Count
A Girl & A Gun, San Diego 1
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 1
All gun clubs 2
All law-abiding concealed carry holders 1
American Foundation for Suicide Prevention 1
Bishop Bowsers No Shots Fired 1
Black Gun Owners Association 1
Black Guns Matters 1
Boy Scouts of America - San Diego-Imperial Council and local units 2 Boy Scouts of America 1
Boys to Men Counseling 1
Brady Campaign 3
Cal Guns 1
California Moms Demand Action 2
California PTA 1
California Rifle and Pistol Association (CRPA) 11
Carlsbad Police Department 1
CCW USA 1
Center for Community Solutions 2
Child Evangelism Fellowship 1
Church Tsidkenu 1
Churches 5
City Attorney Mara Elliott 1
City Parks 1
Clean-up groups 1
Community Against Gun Violence 2
Community Health Improvement Partners 1
County of San Diego Gun Violence Reduction Project 1
Domestic Violence Hotline at Center for Community Solutions 1 Escondido Fish & Game Association 2
Everytown for Gun Safety 2
Foothills Church 1
Gang Commission 1
Giffords Law Center 1
Girl Scouts of America 1
Gun Owners of America 4
Gun Policy Coalition 1
Gun shops/stores/ranges with training classes 2
Gun Talk Radio 1
Local Organizations Count
Head Start 1
Hold My Guns 1
Hood Proverbz 1
Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership 2
Knights of Columbus 1
Lemon Grove Rod and Gun Club 2
Libraries 1
Lions Club 1
March For Our Lives 6
Mental Health America 1
Moms Demand Action 36
Mosques 1
Mothers Against Gun Violence 1
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) San Diego 1
National African American Gun Association 1
National Conflict Resolution Center 1
National Parent Teacher Association (PTA) 1
National Rifle Association (NRA) 17
Neighborhood watches 1
No Shots Fired 2
North County San Diego Moms Demand Action 1
North County Shooting Center 1
Paving Great Futures 1
Pink Pistols 1
Poway Weapons and Gear 2
Project AWARE 1
San Diegans for Gun Violence Prevention 1
San Diego County Gun Owners 66
San Diego County Sheriff’s Department 1
San Diego County Suicide Prevention Council 1
San Diego Police Department 2
Sandy Hook Promise 5
Say San Diego 1
San Diegans for Gun Violence Prevention (SD4GVP) 8
Shaphat Outreach 1
Solutions for Change 1
South Bay Rod and Gun Association 1
Students Demand Action 2
Survivors of Suicide Loss 1
Synagogues 1
Team Enough 3
Up2SD.org 1
U.S. Concealed Carry Association (USCCA) 2
Attachment B
Of S-4
8iiii~ t
GUN VIOLENCE COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
June 2023
,()
(,,04• -c Safe\~
SUICIDE COUNTS & RATES
■ From 2017-2021, the overall suicide rate in San Diego County decreased by 17%. The firearm related suicide rate decreased by 18%.
■ From 2017-2021, the most common method of suicide death in San Diego County was firearm, followed by asphyxia (hanging/ suffocation) and drug-medication. ■ During this 5-year period, firearm-related suicide accounted for 36-39% of all suicide deaths.
Asphyxia accounted for 30-34% and drug-medication accounted for 9-15%. ■ Medical Examiner case data can be found on the County of San Diego open data portal:
https://data.sandiegocounty.gov/Safety/Medical-Examiner-Cases/jkvb-n4p7 ■ Note: The in-cell bar graphs in the table below are a visual representation comparing highest to lowest suicide method rates per 100,000 of the county's population for each year.
Department of the Medical Examiner
San Diego County Suicide Death Counts and Rates per 100,000 of Population, 2017 - 2021 llfJ~r.1 ■ T• r•:I,n,u• "'7:T,Jt"i-~ I I : I • I I I
County Population Estimate 3,303,367 3,321,118 3,333,319 3,331,279 3,315,404 +0.4% Overall Suicides1 Count 453 460 423 414 378 -17%
Rate 13.7 13.9 12.7 12.4 11.4
Count 166 172 166 147 137 Firearm -18%
Rate 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.1
Count 135 152 132 142 126 Asphyxia (Hanging/Suffocation) I 4)6 ~-0 3) -7%
Rate j:1-.1 4.3
Count 67 55 40 47 43 Drug - Medication
J I l I I
-36%
Rate 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.3
Count 37 35 47 43 34 Jumping
I l I
-8%
Rate 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0
Count 14 14 9 9 10 Cutting/Stabbing
o.4 l 0.3 j
-29%
Rate 0.4 0.3 0.3
Count 11 11 7 5 7 Train
0.3 ~ o.3 I
-37%
Rate 0.2 0.2 0.2
Count 23 21 22 21 21
All Others2
I ] J] j J
-9%
Rate 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6
Data Sources: Population Estimates are from SAN DAG Population Estimates 2017-2021; Suicide death information is from the Department of the Medical Examiner, 2017-2021.
In-cell Bar Graphs: In-cell bar graphs have been included to show how suicide method rates compare to one another in a given year.
Orange-colored longer bars represent higher values and shorter bars represent smaller values.
Table Notes:
1 Although the Medical Examiner has jurisdiction over all known or suspected suicides that occur within San Diego County, these case counts include only those suicides where both the death and the incident/event causing death occurred within the county; suicide deaths that occured within the county as a result of an incident/event outside of the county are not included in these counts. 2 "All Others" includes methods of death that averaged 5 cases or fewer during the 5 year period reviewed (for exmaple: carbon monoxide, motor vehicle, poison, fire).
HOMICIDE COUNTS & RATES
■ From 2017-2021, the overall homicide rate in San Diego County increased by 45%. The firearm related homicide rate increased by 59%.
■ From 2017-2021, the most common manner of homicide death in San Diego County was firearm, followed by cutting/stabbing, and blunt force.
■ During this 5-year period, firearm-related homicide accounted for 53-60% of all homicide deaths.
Cutting/stabbing accounted for 16-23% and blunt force accounted for 3-13%. o Of all firearm-related homicides, law enforcement involved shootings accounted for 7-27% of firearm-related homicide deaths.
o Of all firearm-related homicides, possible domestic violence involved homicides accounted for 4-23% of firearm-related homicide deaths. ■ Medical Examiner case data can be found on the County of San Diego open data portal:
https://data.sandiegocounty.gov/Safety/Medical-Examiner-Cases/jkvb-n4p7 ■ Note: The in-cell bar graphs in the table below are a visual representation comparing highest to lowest homicide method rates per 100,000 of the county's population for each year.
Department of the Medical Examiner
San Diego County Homicide Death Counts and Rates per 100,000 of Population, 2017 - 2021 - -· -- r..:_ ..-
: .. l'fH • ll,hl't .... } •• • ~H•W
~{ ~.
}~
~·
.·~ ~ :~/;~ ~J): I I I : I I
.~, ,-._~}~
County Population Estimate 3,303,367 3,321,118 3,333,319 ·3,331,279 3,315,404 Overall Homicides1 Count
Rate
95 93 99 118 138
2.9 2.8 3.0 3.5 4.2
Firearm
Count
Rate
52 56 52 69 83
1.6 1.7 1.6 2.11 2.5
Possible DV Involved Shooting
3 _ Count -
(Subset of all Firearm-related Homicides) Rate
Cutting/Stabbing Count
Rate J
17 19
0.5 I 0.6
19 27 22
J o. 6 l o. s I o. 1
Blunt Force Count
Rate l
3 7
0.1 I 0.2
12 J Q4
13 9
0.4 l 0.3 I
Assault Count
Rate
16 6
0.5 I 0.2
1 4
0.0 0.1
9 0.3
All Others 4 Count
Rate
7 5
0.2 ] 0.2
14 9
0.4 J 0.3 J
12 l I 0.4
Data Sources: Population Estimates are from SANDAG Population Estimates 2017-2021; Homicide death information is from the Department of the Medical Examiner, 2017-2021.
+0.4%
+45%
+59%
-36%
-67% .
+29%
+300%
-44%
+71%
In-cell Bar Graphs: In-cell bar graphs have been included to show how homicide method rates compare to one another in a given year.
Orange-colored longer bars represent higher values and shorter bars represent smaller values.
Table Notes:
1 Although the Medical Examiner has Jurisdiction over all known or suspected homicides that occur within San Diego County, these case counts include only those homicides where both the death and the incident/event causing death occured within the county; homicide deaths that occurred within the county as a result of an incident/event outside of the county are not included in these counts. 2 These cases are a subset of the overall firearm-related Homicide case counts. 3 Possible DV (Domistic Violence) Involved shooting cases are a subset of the overall firearm-related homicides. These are cases where the suspect had a dating relationship/romantic relationship with the decedent (real or imagined). Can be a current partner/spouse or ex partner/spouse. Also applies if there was no true dating relationship but the suspect wanted the relationship and victim refused. 4 "All Others" includes methods of death that averaged 5 cases or fewer during the 5 year period reviewed {for exmaple: asphyxia, motor vehicle, fire, drug related).