RESOLUTION NO. 2023-212
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING AN UPDATE TO THE SAN DIEGO COUNTY MULTI
JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
WHEREAS, the City Council for the City of Carlsbad, California has determined that it is desirable and in the public interest to qualify for hazard mitigation program grants and post-disaster mitigation funds; and
WHEREAS, having a Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (HAZMIT Plan) allows San Diego County and participating cities to qualify for hazard mitigation program grants and post-disaster federal mitigation funds pursuant to the federal Disaster Mitigation Act; and WHEREAS, the County of San Diego and the 18 incorporated cities located within the County, combined efforts to develop and maintain a unified HAZMIT Plan that encompasses the region; and WHEREAS, FEMA has reviewed the HAZMIT Plan and found it meets all requirements; and WHEREAS, the local adoption of the HAZMIT Plan is the last step required for the HAZMIT Plan to receive formal approval by FEMA.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Carlsbad, California, as follows:
1. That the above recitations are true and correct.
2. That the City Council approves the Carlsbad-specific section of the updated Multi Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (Attachment A).
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED at a Regular Meeting of the City Council of the City of Carlsbad on the 25th day of :!!:!.!Y, 2023, by the following vote, to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
Blackburn,
Bhat-Patel, Acosta, Burkholder, Luna.
None.
ABSTAIN: None.
None. ABSENT:
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KEITH BLACKBURN, Mayor
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SHERRY FREISINGEf, City Clerk
(SEAL)
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
City of Carlsbad Annex
San Diego County, California
2023
Attachment A
i
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SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources 2 1. SECTION ONE: Determine the Planning Area and
Resources
1.1. Planning Area: City of Carlsbad
The City of Carlsbad is a coastal community in northern San Diego County, California located 87 miles south of Los Angeles and 35 miles north of San Diego, surrounded by mountains, lagoons, and the Pacific Ocean. The City shares legal boundaries with the Cities of Oceanside to the north, Vista and San Marcos to the east, and Encinitas to the south. Referred to as “The Village by the Sea” by locals, Carlsbad is a prime tourist destination hosting LEGOLAND California, regional shopping centers, specialty retail outlet stores, expansive variety of dining experiences, top rated golf courses and world class resort properties.
The city covers 42 square miles with an estimated 2020 population of 118,313.
Carlsbad has a semi-arid Mediterranean climate and averages 263 sunny days per year. Winters are mild with periodic rain. Frost is rare along the coast, but sometimes occurs in inland valleys in December and January. Summer is almost rain free, but sometimes overcast and cool with fog off the Pacific. While most days have mild and pleasant temperatures, hot dry Santa Ana winds bring high temperatures on a few days each year, mostly but not exclusively in the fall.
As of the 2010 United States Census, the racial makeup of Carlsbad was 82.8% White, 1.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, 7.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 4.0% from other races, and 4.2% from 2 or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.3%.
Out of 39,964 households in 2011, there were 67.5% families, of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them and 54.3% were married-couple families. There were 32.5% nonfamily households, of which 25.5% were made up of a householder living alone and 8.3% were a householder living alone who was 65 years or over. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.10. Of the population 25 years and over, 95.7% graduated from high school and 51.3% held a bachelor's degree or higher. 65.2% of the population 16 years and over was in the labor force. As of the 2020 San Diego County Point in Time census, Carlsbad’s homeless population was 147 individuals.
A full-service city, Carlsbad has its own police and fire services, a water district, parks and recreation, and library and cultural arts departments, in addition to standard administrative and public works functions. Known for its financial stability, the city maintains an AAA credit rating and has a general fund reserve balance exceeding $61 million. Additionally, Carlsbad has drafted ordinances protecting sensitive wildlife habitat, becoming one of the first municipalities in California to do so, pledging to protect about 40 percent of the city as permanent open space.
Carlsbad is the home of the second largest county regional airport, McClellan-Palomar Airport, with about 145,862 flights per year. Carlsbad's core industries include information technology, video game development, manufacturing, robotics, medical devices, life science, wireless technology, clean technology, action sports, tourism, design development, and real estate.
1.2. Community Rating System Requirements
The Community Rating System (CRS) is a FEMA program and rewards communities that go beyond the minimum standards for floodplain management under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources 3 Communities can potentially improve their Community Rating System and lower NFIP premiums by developing a CRS Plan.
For more information on the National Flood Insurance Program, see http://www.fema.gov/national- flood-insurance-program.
Community Rating System (CRS)
Planning Steps
Local Mitigation Planning
Handbook Tasks
(44 CFR Part 201)
Step 1. Organize
Task 1: Determine the Planning Area and
Resources
Task 2: Build the Planning Team
44 CFR 201.6(c)(1)
Step 2. Involve the public Task 3: Create an Outreach Strategy 44 CFR 201.6(b)(1)
Step 3. Coordinate Task 4: Review Community Capabilities 44 CFR 201.6(b)(2) & (3)
Step 4. Assess the hazard Task 5: Conduct a Risk Assessment 44 CFR 201.6(c)(2)(i)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(2)(ii) & (iii) Step 5. Assess the problem Step 6. Set goals Task 6: Develop a Mitigation Strategy 44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(i)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(ii)
44 CFR 201.6(c)(3)(iii)
Step 7. Review possible activities
Step 8. Draft an action plan
Step 9. Adopt the plan Task 8: Review and Adopt the Plan 44 CFR 201.6(c)(5)
Step 10. Implement, evaluate, revise
Task 7: Keep the Plan Current
Task 9: Create a Safe and Resilient
Community
44 CFR 201.6(c)(4)
TABLE 1: F E M A L O C AL M IT I G A T IO N P L AN N I N G HA N D B O O K 1 .1 DE S C R IB E S T HE C R S
R E Q U IR E M E N TS M E T B Y T H E CO UN T Y O F S AN DI E G O M U L TI- J UR IS D I C T IO N AL H A Z AR D M I T I G AT I O N P L AN.
SECTION ONE | Determine the Planning Area and Resources 4 Any jurisdiction or special district may participate in the hazard mitigation planning process. However, to request FEMA approval, each of the local jurisdictions must meet all requirements of 44 CFR §201.6. In addition to the requirement for participation in the process, the Federal regulation specifies the following requirements for multi-jurisdictional plans:
• The risk assessment must assess each jurisdiction’s risk where they may vary from the risks facing the entire planning area. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(iii))
• There must be identifiable action items specific to the jurisdiction requesting FEMA approval or credit of the plan. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(3)(iv))
• Each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan must document that is has been formally adopted. (44 CFR §201.6(c)(5))
The hazard mitigation plan must clearly list the jurisdictions that participated in the plan and are seeking plan approval. The San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and annexes meet all requirements.
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team
5 2. SECTION TWO: Build the Planning Team
2.1. Planning Participants
The City of Carlsbad local planning group (LPG) for emergency planning is composed of members from the Carlsbad Emergency Management Administrative Team (CEMAT). The LPG identified current capabilities available for implementing hazard mitigation activities. Representatives of numerous City departments involved in hazard mitigation planning included:
Administrative Services – Finance:
Roxanne Muhlmeister, Assistant Finance Director
Shea Sainz, Senior Contract Administrator
Rosario Aranda, Associate Contract Administrator
Administrative Services – Human Resources:
Judy von Kalinowski, Human Resources Director
Darrin Schwabe, Human Resources Manager
Administrative Services – Information Technology:
Doug Kappel, Information Technology Manger
Javier Ruiz, Information Technology Manager
Administrative Services – Innovation & Economic Development:
David Graham, Chief Innovation Officer
Communications & Engagement:
Karen Whitehead, Media & Graphics Supervisor
Nikki Matosian, Community Relation Manger
Sarah Lemons, Community Relation Manger
Tom Mallory, Communications Coordinator
Community Services – Office of the City Clerk:
Faviola Medina, City Clerk Services Manger
Tammy Cloud-McMinn, Senior Deputy City Clerk
Hector Gomez, Senior Deputy City Clerk
Community Services – Community Development:
Kerry Jezisek, Senior Program Manager
Community Services – Library & Cultural Arts:
Debbie Jo McCool, Associate Analysist
Fiona Everett, Senior Management Analysist
Community Services – Parks & Recreation:
Lori Swenck, Recreation Area Manager
Mike Pacheco, Recreation Services Manager
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team
6 Fire Department:
Michael Calderwood, Fire Chief
Nick Ordille, Assistant Fire Chief
Randy Metz, Fire Marshall
David Harrison, Assistant Director of Emergency Services Marie Jones-Kirk, Program Manager
Don Rawson, Emergency Services Coordinator
Police Department:
Jason Jackowski, Lieutenant
Public Works – Environmental Management:
Tim Murphy, Senior Program Manager
James Wood, Environmental Manager
Mike Grim, Senior Program Manager
Public Works – Fleet & Facilities:
Charles Balteria, Program Manager
Public Works – Transportation:
Michael O’Brian, Public Works Superintendent
Jonathon Schauble, Senior Engineer
Stephen Stewart, Municipal Projects Manager
Public Works – Utilities:
Don Wasko, Utilities Manager
Andrew Wilson, Utilities Supervisor
Public Works – Construction Management & Inspection:
Emily Hasegawa, Municipal Projects Manager
2.2 Planning Process
This version of the city’s Hazard Mitigation Plan was revised to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities. Generally, hazard priorities remained unchanged, though some hazards (such as Climate Change) prevalence and/or probability of occurrence increased and, therefore, needed an updated Vulnerability Assessment. All Hazard Profiles were researched for current content, data, and details.
The goals and objectives in this plan were informed by the risk assessment findings, the localized hazard identification and loss/exposure estimates, and the City’s capabilities assessment. These preliminary goals, objectives, and actions represent a vision of long-term hazard reduction and/or capabilities enhancement. To help further the development of the goals and objectives, the LPG compiled and reviewed current jurisdictional sources including the City’s planning documents, codes, and ordinances.
The plan goals, objectives, and actions were updated to reflect current priorities within existing plans such as the jurisdiction’s General Plan’s Safety and Housing elements.
The 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic had some impact on the overall progress on the 2018 plan and action items, but the pandemic did not negatively impact the community’s vulnerability. The plan was created in tandem with existing local plans and procedures and thus supported the city’s pandemic response, which helped minimize the impact to the city and its assets.
SECTION TWO | Build the Planning Team
7 2021 LPG Schedule of Meetings
January 5, 2021 February 2, 2021 March 2, 2021 April 6, 2021 May 4, 2021 June 1, 2021 July 6, 2021 August 3, 2021
September 7, 2021 October 5, 2021 November 2, 2021 December 7, 2021 2022 LPG Schedule of Meetings
January 4, 2022 February 1, 2022 March 1, 2022 April 5, 2022 See the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan’s Section Two for details about the county-wide Planning Process.
SECTION THREE | Create an Outreach Strategy
8 3. SECTION THREE: Create an Outreach Strategy
See the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan’s Section Three for details about the county-wide outreach strategy.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
9 4. SECTION FOUR: Review Community Capabilities
Local mitigation capabilities are existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources that reduce hazard impacts or that could be used to implement hazard mitigation activities and must be included in a hazard mitigation plan by the planning team.
The planning team also may identify additional types of capabilities relevant to mitigation planning.
4.1. Capability Assessment
The primary types of capabilities for reducing long-term vulnerability through mitigation planning are:
• Planning and Regulatory
• Administrative and Technical
• Financial
• Education and Outreach
Based on the capability assessment, the City of Carlsbad has existing regulatory, administrative/technical, and fiscal mechanisms in place to mitigate hazards. In addition to these existing capabilities, there are opportunities to enhance and/or refine these policies and programs to further protect the community.
Some examples of potential opportunities are organized below by regulatory, administrative/technical, fiscal, and outreach opportunities.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
10 4.1.1. Planning and Regulatory
Planning and regulatory capabilities are the plans, policies, codes, and ordinances that prevent and reduce the impacts of hazards. Please indicate which of the following your jurisdiction has in place:
Plans Yes/No
Year
Does the plan address hazards?
Does the plan identify projects to include in the mitigation strategy?
Can the plan be used to implement mitigation actions?
Comprehensive/Master Plan
Yes
2015 Yes
Capital Improvements Plan
Yes
2020 Yes
Economic Development Plan
Yes
2020 Yes
Local Emergency Operations Plan
Yes
2021 Yes
Continuity of Operations Plan
Yes
2021 Yes
Transportation Plan
Yes
2020 Yes
Stormwater Management Plan
Yes
2016 Yes
Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Yes
2013 Yes
M. Real estate disclosure requirements
Yes
2020 Yes
Other special plans (e.g., brownfields
redevelopment, disaster recovery, coastal zone
management, climate change adaptation)
Y 2019
Y 2021
Y 2020
Coastal Zone Land Use Plan
Disaster Recovery Plan
Climate Action Plan
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
11 Building Code, Permitting, and Inspections Yes/No Are codes adequately enforced? Building Code Yes Version/Year: 2019 Triennial Edition of Title 24 Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule
(BCEGS) Score
No
Fire department ISO rating Yes Rating: 3
Site plan review requirements Yes Yes
Land Use Planning and Ordinances Yes/No
Is the ordinance an effective measure for reducing hazard impacts?
Is the ordinance adequately administered and enforced?
Zoning ordinance Yes Yes
Subdivision ordinance Yes Yes
Special purpose ordinances (floodplain
management, storm water management, hillside
or steep slope ordinances, wildfire ordinances,
hazard setback requirements)
Yes Yes
Growth management ordinances (also called “smart
growth” or anti-sprawl programs)
Yes Yes
Flood insurance rate maps Yes Yes
Acquisition of land for open space and public
recreation uses
Yes Yes
Other N/A
How can these capabilities be expanded and improved to reduce risk? Future opportunities for regulatory enhancement may focus on compliance with state legislation, including amending the City’s General Plan Public Safety Element to reference the 2023-2028 San Diego County MJHMP and Carlsbad Annex.
Additionally, Carlsbad will continue to implement mitigation policies and programs to include regulatory requirements for flooding and coastal hazards; geology and seismicity; airport and railroad hazards; and soils and materials hazards.
TABLE 2: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
12 4.1.2. Administrative and Technical
Administrative and technical capabilities include staff and their skills and tools that can be used for mitigation planning and to implement specific mitigation actions. For smaller jurisdictions without local staff resources, if there are public resources at the next higher-level government that can provide technical assistance, indicate so in your comments:
Administration Yes/No
Describe capability
Is coordination effective?
Planner(s) or engineer(s) with knowledge of land
development and land management practices
Yes
Manage general, community and urban plans; manage
land use and land development projects; review and write environmental documents; prepare and coordinate
processing of local, state, and federal permits; review and analyze technical drawings, specifications, and reports; perform site inspections and field research; research,
review and prepare ordinances and policies; review
projects and advise citizens and developers during
application process to ensure compliance with City
regulations; prepare planning reports, use GIS
products/maps; perform quality control, coordinate
various departments and agencies, monitor mitigation
requirements for environmentally sensitive projects and perform proper documentation and reporting.
Engineer(s) or professional(s) trained in
construction practices related to buildings and/or
infrastructure
Yes
Conduct inspections of private and public construction
projects inspecting materials and workmanship to ensure compliance with approved plans and specifications.
inspect conditions prior to the start of construction, during construction and upon completion.
Planners or Engineer(s) with an understanding of
natural and/or manmade hazards Yes
Carlsbad Planners and Engineers understand the
importance of mitigation measures in their respective
area of expertise as it relates to hazards risks.
Mitigation Planning Committee Yes
Carlsbad utilizes its Carlsbad Emergency Management
Administrative Team (CEMAT) for planning mitigation.
Maintenance programs to reduce risk (e.g., tree
trimming, clearing drainage systems)
Yes
Perform a variety of semi-skilled and skilled work in
pruning, trimming, felling, and topping trees; to operate and maintain tree trimming equipment; and to do related work such as clearing draining systems.
Mutual aid agreements Yes
Carlsbad has several mutual aid agreements in place
related to mitigation planning.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
13 Staff Yes/No
FT/PT
1 Is staffing adequate to enforce regulations?
Is staff trained on hazards and mitigation?
Is coordination between agencies and staff effective?
Chief Building Official Yes
FT-1 Yes
Floodplain Administrator Yes
FT-1 Yes
Emergency Manager
Yes
FT-2
PT-1
Yes
Surveyors No
Staff with education or expertise to assess the
community’s vulnerability to hazards
Yes
FT-2
PT-1
Yes
Community Planner Yes
FT-5 Yes
Scientists familiar with the hazards of the
community No
Civil Engineer Yes
FT-4 Yes
Personnel skilled in GIS and/or HAZUS Yes
FT-5 Yes
Grant writers Yes
PT-3* *Part of other duties as assigned to full-time positions Other N/A
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
14 Technical Yes/No
Describe capability
Has capability been used to assess/mitigate risk in the past? Warning systems/services
(Reverse 911, outdoor warning signals)
Yes
AlertSanDiego for Reverse 911 operations, Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) for emergency notifications, Changeable Message Boards
All have been used to mitigate risks from hazards in the past Hazard data and information Yes Previous Regional and Carlsbad-specific hazard data and information has been used to identify and mitigate risks in the past
Grant writing Yes
PT-3* *Part of other duties as assigned to full-time positions Hazus analysis Yes FEMA Hazus Program has been used to identify and mitigate risks in the past
Other N/A
How can these capabilities be expanded and improved to reduce risk? Other future enhancements may include providing hazard training for staff or hazard mitigation grant funding in partnership with the County of San Diego and Cal OES. City staff are aware of the benefits of participating in training and webinars offered by Cal OES Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Team related to HMGP opportunities, HMGP Sub application Development support, and other funding programs, such as Prepare California Jumpstart.
Other opportunities may be related to coordinating and educating key stakeholders in the city. Other stakeholders may be interested in aligning efforts related to hazard mitigation and supporting HMGP Sub applications and other hazard mitigation trainings.
TABLE 3: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA CONTINUED.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
15 4.1.3. Education and Outreach
Identify education and outreach programs and methods already in place that could be used to implement mitigation activities and communicate hazard-related information:
Program/Organization Yes/No
Describe program/organization and how relates to disaster resilience and mitigation.
Could the program/organization help implement future
mitigation activities?
Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations
focused on environmental protection,
emergency preparedness, access, and
functional needs populations, etc.
Yes
Carlsbad partners with several citizen groups and non-
government organizations related to coastal zone resources, sensitive habitat management protection, community
emergency response, and access and functional needs
coordination, all of which help implement
mitigation activities
Ongoing public education or information
program (e.g., responsible water use, fire
safety, household preparedness,
environmental education)
Yes
Carlsbad has several community educational programs in almost all its departments, as well as a specific Communication & Engagement Department
Natural disaster or safety related school
programs
Yes Both the Police and Fire Departments offer disaster and safety programs to local schools
StormReady certification No
Firewise Communities certification No
Public-private partnership initiatives addressing
disaster-related issues
Yes Ready Carlsbad Business Alliance
Other N/A
How can these capabilities be expanded and improved to reduce risk? The city may also expand outreach capabilities related to the implementation of the 2023-2028 County of San Diego MJHMP and the City’s Annex. Specific enhancements may include continued public involvement through social media posts, community education, and advertisements focused on hazard mitigation projects successes mitigation as well as focused outreach to under-represented and special-interest groups. The city may also develop outreach kits for partner organizations.
The city will continue its Hazard Reduction Program, which takes a proactive approach to mitigate hazards within the City of Carlsbad by inspecting privately owned open space lands ensuring city guidelines are appropriately maintained within these areas.
Property owners on vacant parcels in the Hazard Reduction Program receive an annual "Notice to Destroy Weeds & Remove Rubbish," and they are expected to maintain their property free of fire hazards or nuisance vegetation year-round.
TABLE 4: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA CONTINUED.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
16 4.2. Safe Growth Audit
Identify gaps in your community’s growth guidance instruments and improvements that could be made to reduce vulnerability to future development:
Comprehensive Plan Yes No
Land Use
1. Does the future land-use map clearly identify natural hazard areas? X
2. Do the land-use policies discourage development or redevelopment within natural hazard areas?
X
3. Does the plan provide adequate space for expected future growth in areas located outside natural hazard areas? X
Transportation
1. Does the transportation plan limit access to hazard areas? X
2. Is transportation policy used to guide growth to safe locations? X
3. Are movement systems designed to function under disaster conditions (e.g., evacuation)? X Environmental Management
1. Are environmental systems that protect development from hazards identified and mapped? X
2. Do environmental policies maintain and restore protective ecosystems? X
3. Do environmental policies provide incentives to development that is located outside protective ecosystems? X
Public Safety
1. Are the goals and policies of the comprehensive plan related to those of the FEMA Local Hazard Mitigation Plan? X
2. Is safety explicitly included in the plan’s growth and development policies? X
3. Does the monitoring and implementation section of the plan cover safe growth objectives? X TABLE 5 : FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.2 DATA CONTINUED.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
17 Zoning Ordinance Yes No
1. Does the zoning ordinance conform to the comprehensive plan in terms of discouraging development or redevelopment within natural hazard areas? X
2. Does the ordinance contain natural hazard overlay zones that set conditions for land use within such zones? X
3. Do rezoning procedures recognize natural hazard areas as limits on zoning changes that allow greater intensity or density of use? X
4. Does the ordinance prohibit development within, or filling of, wetlands, floodways, and floodplains?
X
Subdivision Regulations Yes No
1. Do the subdivision regulations restrict the subdivision of land within or adjacent to natural hazard areas? X
2. Do the regulations provide for conservation subdivisions or cluster subdivisions to conserve environmental resources? X
3. Do the regulations allow density transfers where hazard areas exist? X
Capital Improvement Program and Infrastructure Policies Yes No
1. Does the capital improvement program limit expenditures on projects that would encourage development in areas vulnerable to natural hazards? X
2. Do infrastructure policies limit extension of existing facilities and services that would encourage development in areas vulnerable to natural hazards? X
3. Does the capital improvement program provide funding for hazard mitigation projects identified in the FEMA Mitigation Plan? X
Other Yes No
1. Do small area or corridor plans recognize the need to avoid or mitigation natural hazards? X
2. Does the building code contain provisions to strengthen or elevate construction to withstand hazard forces? X
3. Do economic development or redevelopment strategies include provisions for mitigation natural hazards? X
4. Is there an adopted evacuation and shelter plan to deal with emergencies from natural hazards? X
TABLE 6: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.2 DATA CONTINUED.
Questions were adapted from Godschalk, David R. Practice Safe Growth Audits, Zoning Practice, Issue Number 10, October 2009, American Planning Association.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
18 4.3. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
As a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), a community develops capabilities for conducting flood mitigation activities. The hazard mitigation plan must describe each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP. Participating communities must describe their continued compliance with NFIP requirements. The mitigation plan must do more than state that the community will continue to comply with the NFIP. Each jurisdiction must describe their floodplain management program and address how they will continue to comply with the NFIP requirements. The local floodplain administrator is often the primary source for this information.
Jurisdictions where FEMA has issued a floodplain map but are currently not participating in the NFIP may meet this requirement by describing the reasons why the community does not participate. Plan updates must meet the same requirements and document any change in floodplain management programs.
The City of Carlsbad is a participant in the NFIP and has been a participant since June 14, 1977
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
19 NFIP Topic Source of Information Comments
Insurance Summary
How many NFIP policies are in the
community? What is the total premium
and coverage?
State NFIP Coordinator
or FEMA NFIP Specialist
284 Policies
$152,501.00 Premiums
$76,394,500 Coverage
How many claims have been paid in the
community? What is the total amount of
paid claims? How many of the claims
were for substantial damage?
FEMA NFIP or
Insurance Specialist
11 Paid Claims
$149,376.74 Total Paid
Unknown
How many structures are exposed to
flood risk within the community?
Community Floodplain
Administrator (FPA)
Describe any areas of flood risk with
limited NFIP policy coverage
Community FPA and FEMA
Insurance Specialist
Staff Resources
Is the Community FPA or NFIP
Coordinator certified? Community FPA No
Is floodplain management an auxiliary
function? Community FPA Yes
Provide an explanation of NFIP
administration services (e.g., permit
review, GIS, education or outreach,
inspections, engineering capability)
Community FPA
Permit Review
LOMC processing
General information services
GIS mapping
What are the barriers to running an
effective NFIP program in the community,
if any?
Community FPA Staff resources
Compliance History
Is the community in good standing with
the NFIP?
State NFIP Coordinator,
FEMA NFIP Specialist,
community records
Yes
Are there any outstanding compliance
issues (i.e., current violations)? No
When was the most recent Community
Assistance Visit (CAV) or Community
Assistance Contact (CAC)?
2012
Is a CAV or CAC scheduled or needed? No
TABLE 7: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.3 DATA.
SECTION FOUR | Review Community Capabilities
20 NFIP Topic Source of Information Comments
Regulation
When did the community enter the NFIP?
Community Status Book
http://www.fema.gov/
national-flood-insurance-
program/national-flood-
insurance-program-
community-status-book
June 14, 1977
Are the FIRMs digital or paper? Community FPA Both
Do floodplain development regulations
meet or exceed FEMA or State minimum
requirements? If so, in what ways?
Community FPA Flood plain regulations currently meet FEMA and California State minimum requirements
Provide an explanation of the permitting
process.
Community FPA,
State, FEMA NFIP All projects shall comply with cities flood plain management regulations. Required findings for
approval of projects include that the site is safe from flooding, does not cause or create hazards to adjacent
properties, does not have adverse impact upstream
or downstream and cumulative effect of projects does
not increase water surface elevation. Typically, special permits are required for proposed construction within
potential flood areas.
Flood Insurance Manual
http://www.fema.gov/
flood-insurance-manual
Community FPA, FEMA CRS
Coordinator, ISO
representative
CRS manual http://
www.fema.gov/library/
viewRecord.do?id=2434
Community Rating System (CRS)
Does the community participate in CRS? Community FPA,
State, FEMA NFIP No
What is the community’s CRS Class
Ranking?
Flood Insurance Manual
http://www.fema.gov/
flood-insurance-manual
N/A
What categories and activities provide
CRS points and how can the class be
improved?
N/A N/A
Does the plan include CRS planning
requirements
Community FPA, FEMA CRS
Coordinator, ISO
representative
N/A
CRS manual http://
www.fema.gov/library/
viewRecord.do?id=2434
TABLE 8: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.3 DATA CONTINUED.
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
21 5. SECTION FIVE: Conduct a Risk Assessment
The planning team conducts a risk assessment to determine the potential impacts of hazards to the people, economy, and built and natural environments of the community. The risk assessment provides the foundation for the rest of the mitigation planning process, which is focused on identifying and prioritizing actions to reduce risk to hazards.
In addition to informing the mitigation strategy, the risk assessment also can be used to establish emergency preparedness and response priorities, for land use and comprehensive planning, and for decision making by elected officials, city and county departments, businesses, and organizations in the community.
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
22 5.1. Hazards Summary
The City of Carlsbad has identified one high ranking hazard within its service area: Wildfire. Additionally, the plan will address additional hazards, which could adversely impact system resiliency and disrupt continuity of operations within the city’s service area, including Earthquake, Climate Change, and Flooding.
Hazard Location
(Geographic
Area
Affected)
Maximum Probable
Extent
(Magnitude/Strength)
Probability of
Future Events
Overall
Significance
Ranking
Avalanche Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Climate Change (Drought,
Erosion, Extreme Cold,
Extreme Heat, Sea Level
Rise, Severe Winter
Weather, Storm Surge)
Significant Moderate Likely Medium
Dam Failure Negligible Moderate Unlikely Low
Earthquake Significant Severe Likely Medium
Expansive Soils Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Flood Limited Moderate Likely Medium
Hail Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Hurricane Negligible Moderate Unlikely Low
Landslide Limited Moderate Occasional Low
Lightning Limited Moderate Occasional Low
Severe Wind Significant Moderate Likely Medium
Subsidence Negligible Weak Unlikely Low
Tornado Negligible Moderate Occasional Low
Tsunami Limited Moderate Occasional Medium
Wildfire Extensive Severe Highly Likely High
TABLE 9: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 5.1 DATA.
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23 Definitions for Classifications Location (Geographic Area Affected) • Negligible: Less than 10 percent of planning area or isolated single-point occurrences • Limited: 10 to 25 percent of the planning area or limited single-point occurrences • Significant: 25 to 75 percent of planning area or frequent single-point occurrences • Extensive: 75 to 100 percent of planning area or consistent single-point occurrences Maximum Probable Extent (Magnitude/Strength based on historic events or future probability) • Weak: Limited classification on scientific scale, slow speed of onset or short duration of event, resulting in little to no damage
• Moderate: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset or moderate duration of event, resulting in some damage and loss of services for days • Severe: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of onset or long duration of event, resulting in devastating damage and loss of services for weeks or months • Extreme: Extreme classification on scientific scale, immediate onset, or extended duration of event, resulting in catastrophic damage and uninhabitable conditions Hazard Scale / Index Weak Moderate Severe Extreme
Drought Palmer Drought Severity
Index3
-1.99 to
+1.99
-2.00 to
-2.99
-3.00 to
-3.99
-4.00 and
below
Earthquake
Modified Mercalli Scale4 I to IV V to VII VII IX to XII Richter Magnitude5 2, 3 4, 5 6 7, 8
Hurricane Wind Saffir-Simpson Hurricane
Wind Scale6
1 2 3 4, 5
Tornado Fujita Tornado Damage Scale7 F0 F1, F2 F3 F4, F5 Probability of Future Events
• Unlikely: Less than 1 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.
• Occasional: 1 to 10 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
• Likely: 10 to 90 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of 1 to 10 years
• Highly Likely: 90 to 100 percent probability of occurrence in the next year or a recurrence interval of less than 1 year.
Overall Significance
• Low: Two or more criteria fall in lower classifications, or the event has a minimal impact on the planning area. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a minimal or unknown record of occurrences or for hazards with minimal mitigation potential. • Medium: The criteria fall mostly in the middle ranges of classifications and the event’s impacts on the planning area are noticeable but not devastating. This rating is sometimes used for hazards with a high extent rating but very low probability rating.
• High: The criteria consistently fall in the high classifications and the event is likely/highly likely to occur with severe strength over a significant to extensive portion of the planning area.
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24 o Cumulative meteorological drought and wet conditions: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/ o Earthquake intensity and effect on population and structures: http://earthquake.usgs.gov o Earthquake magnitude as a logarithmic scale, measured by a seismograph:
http://earthquake.usgs.gov
o Hurricane rating based on sustained wind speed: http://nhc.noaa.gov o Tornado rating based on wind speed and associated damage: http://spc.noaa.gov Critical Facility Type Jurisdiction Name Counts
Airport – Control Tower Carlsbad 1
Airport - Runway Carlsbad 2
Airport – Terminal - Small Carlsbad 1
Emergency - EOC Carlsbad 2
Emergency - FIRE Carlsbad 7
Emergency - POLICE Carlsbad 1
Water - Waste Carlsbad 4
5.1.1 Hazards
Hazard Profile Descriptions
The city’s Local Planning Group reviewed the hazards identified in the previous Hazard Mitigation Plan and evaluated each to see if they still posed a risk to the jurisdiction. In addition, the hazards listed in the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook were also reviewed to determine if they should be added to the list of hazards to include in the plan revision.
The list of priority hazards was determined by the Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team using jurisdictional- level hazard maps and data, historical records, vulnerability assessments, and input from subject matter experts.
Based on this FEMA Standardized evaluation, in accordance with information covered within the HAZUS Data Evaluations, Vulnerability Assessments, Hazard Seminar Series, and input from Subject Matter Experts and the public, the City of Carlsbad has prioritized the following hazards into High, Medium, and Low rankings (in no order of prioritization within individual categories):
High Medium Low
• Wildfire • Climate Change (Drought,
Erosion, Extreme Heat,
Sea Level Rise, Severe
Winter Weather, Storm
Surge)
• Avalanche
• Earthquake • Dam Failure
• Flood • Expansive Soils
• Landslide • Hail
• Severe Wind • Hurricane
• Tsunami • Lightning
• Subsidence
• Tornado
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25 The final list of prioritized hazards for the City of Carlsbad were hazards with a High or Medium Overall Significance Rating which have the most impact to the planning area:
1. Wildfire: Carlsbad is susceptible to vegetation fires year-round. The proximity of vegetation (Wildland-Urban Interface) and climate contribute to this hazard. This threat is concentrated in Carlsbad’s eastern sectors and canyon areas.
Carlsbad experienced significant wildland fires in 1996 and 2014 and was threatened by the Firestorms of 2003 and 2007. Wildland fires typically originate east of Carlsbad and are driven west by Santa Ana (strong easterly) winds. Exceptions to this can occur as was the case during the 2014 Poinsettia Fire.
Wind driven fires can occur at any time of the year but are most likely, and most severe, during Santa Ana conditions. Wildland fires may either occur with advanced warnings or may be short notice events.
Carlsbad has identified wildfire as a high potential hazard-related exposure/loss event to its jurisdiction.
Hazard Profile and Problem Description
A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetation and exposing or possibly consuming structures and threatening lives. When wind-driven, they spread quickly. They can be naturally occurring, man-made or the result of technology failures. They are fueled by grasses, brush, trees and other structures.
A Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) fire (often called Wildland, Vegetation, or Brush fires) are wildfires in a geographical area where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with wildland or vegetative fuels.
Significant development in Carlsbad, and throughout San Diego County, is located along canyon ridges at the Wildland/Urban Interface. Areas that have experienced prolonged droughts or are excessively dry are at risk of wildfires. The risk can become severe or worse during high wind conditions. When these conditions present the National Weather Service issues a Red Flag Warning.
People start most wildfires, usually the result of as debris burns, arson, or carelessness. Lightning strikes are the next leading cause of wildfires. Wildfire behavior is based on three primary factors: fuel, topography, and weather. The type, and amount of fuel, as well as its burning qualities and level of moisture affect wildfire potential and behavior. The continuity of fuels, expressed in both horizontal and vertical components is also a determinant of wildfire potential and behavior.
Topography is important because it affects the movement of air (and thus the fire) over the ground surface.
The slope and shape of terrain can change the speed at which the fire travels, and the ability of firefighters to reach and extinguish the fire. Weather affects the probability of wildfire and has a significant effect on its behavior. Temperature, humidity, and wind (both short and long term) affect the severity and duration of wildfires.
San Diego County’s topography consists of semi-arid coastal plain and rolling highlands, which, when fueled by shrub overgrowth, occasional Santa Ana winds and high temperatures, creates an ever-present threat of wildland fire. Extreme weather conditions such as high temperature, low humidity, and/or winds of extraordinary force may cause an ordinary fire to expand into one of massive proportions. Under current climate conditions, the wildfire threat to property, lives, and ecosystems in the San Diego region is very high.
With hotter temperatures and possibly fewer rainy days in the coming decades, vegetation could become drier.
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26 As a result, it is likely that San Diego region will see an increase in the frequency and intensity of fires, and the fire season could become longer and less predictable, making firefighting efforts more costly. Many consider the fire “season” now to be year-round, temporarily mitigated in the weeks following heavy winter rains.
An increase in wildfire also affects public health. Fire-related injuries and death are likely to increase as wildfires occur more frequently. Wildfires can also be a significant contributor to air pollution. Wildfire smoke contains numerous toxic and hazardous pollutants that are dangerous to health and can worsen lung disease and other respiratory conditions.
Regionally, wildland fires prompted five Proclaimed States of Emergency, and Urban/Intermix Fires prompted four Proclaimed States of Emergency in the County of San Diego between 1950-2014. In October of 2003, the second-worse wild-land fire in the history of San Diego County destroyed 332,766 acres of land, 3,239 structures, and 17 deaths at a cost of $450M. San Diego County’s worst wildfire occurred in October 2007. At the height of the firestorm there were seven fires burning within the County. The fires destroyed 369,000 acres (13% of the County), 2,670 structures, 239 vehicles, and two commercial properties.
There were 10 civilian deaths, 23 civilian injuries, and 10 firefighter injuries. The cost of the fire exceeded $1.5 billion. During the May 2014 San Diego County firestorm, 14 wildfires burned near simultaneously. The second of those fires to erupt was the Poinsettia Fire in Carlsbad. Unlike many wildfires which start in rural areas of the county, the Poinsettia Fire started in the geographic center of the city. The Poinsettia Fire After Action Report, copies of which were provided to San Diego County OES and Cal OES, is filed in the City of Carlsbad EOC.
Location and Extent
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) has mapped fire threat potential throughout California. CAL FIRE ranks fire threat according to the availability of fuel and the likelihood of an area burning. The rankings include little or no fire threat, moderate, high, and very high fire threat. Large amounts of open space and wildland make Carlsbad susceptible to brush fires year-round. The proximity of native vegetation and the climate of the region contribute to a moderate to high threat of wildfires in the city.
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27 SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
28 Most of Carlsbad has only moderate fire threat; however, there is high and very high fire threat in the central and eastern portions of the city.
Based upon this information, the Carlsbad Fire Department has developed response preplans for the most likely wildland fire threats to the city. These preplan areas include: Hosp Grove, Calavera Hills, Sunny Creek Road, Box Canyon, Dank Tank and Green Valley.
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29 SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
30 2. Earthquake: Recent research suggests the Newport-Inglewood-Rose Canyon Fault, which runs offshore of Carlsbad, may can produce a 7.3 quake. Such a quake might pose an increased risk to life and property, due to structural damage, liquefaction, and/or tsunami. Other faults in the region include the Coronado Bank, La Nacion, Elsinore, Agua Caliente, and San Jacinto. Although modeling suggests Carlsbad is outside of the heavy shaking and damage zones associated with a 7.8 magnitude earthquake along the San Andres fault, the city should be prepared to provide mutual aid support to those directly impacted as described in the Southern California Catastrophic Earthquake Response Plan.
Hazard Profile and Problem Description
Carlsbad lies within a medium-low probabilistic peak ground acceleration zone. There are no active faults that run directly through Carlsbad and the California Geologic Survey does not include the City of Carlsbad on its list of cities affected by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act.
Based on current science, local geologists do not agree earthquake swarms are an accurate indicator of pending large-scale earthquake activity.
Evidence of damage should be investigated following any significant ground shaking activity in the region. Given the current technology, earthquakes are likely to be a no notice event.
Liquefaction: During an earthquake, shaking of granular loose soil saturated with water can lead to liquefaction, a condition in which sediments below the water table temporarily lose strength during an earthquake and behave as a viscous liquid rather than a solid. This can weaken structural foundations.
Historically, seismic shaking levels in the San Diego region, including in Carlsbad, have not been sufficient to trigger liquefaction, and as such, the city generally has a low liquefaction risk. However, there are areas of the city that have a higher risk of liquefaction due to the presence of hydric soils or soils that are often saturated or characteristic of wetlands. These areas are limited to the immediate vicinity of the Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos Lagoons.
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31 Evidence of liquefaction-related damage should be investigated following any significant ground shaking activity in the region.
Like earthquakes, liquefaction is likely to be a no notice event. (See Appendix 2:
Earthquake/Liquefaction).
3. Flooding: The San Diego Region is divided into 11 hydrologic units that flow from elevated regions in the east toward coastal lagoons, estuaries, or bays in the west. Carlsbad is located within the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HU), also referred to as the Carlsbad Watershed Management Area, which is approximately 210 square miles in area, extending from the headwaters above Lake Wohlford in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and from Vista and Oceanside in the north to Solana Beach, Encinitas, and the community of Rancho Santa Fe to the south. There are numerous important surface hydrologic features within the Carlsbad HU including four unique coastal lagoons, three major creeks, and two large water storage reservoirs.
Hazard Profile and Problem Description
Floods are typically described in terms of their statistical frequency. For example, a 100-year floodplain describes an area within which there is a one percent probability of a flood occurring in any given year.
FEMA prepares Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that identify 100-year and 500-year flood zones. The potential flood hazard areas identified on the FIRM maps in Carlsbad include the entire coastline, creeks and tributaries, and lagoons. Most jurisdictions within San Diego County, including the City of Carlsbad, participate in the National Flood Insurance Program. Pursuant to the City of Carlsbad’s Local Coastal Plan and Carlsbad Municipal Code Title 21 (Zoning), development is restricted within 100-year floodplain areas.
The City of Carlsbad flooding response procedures were presented to the City Council in 2015. Flooding may either occur with advanced warnings or be a short notice event.
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32 4. Climate Change (Drought, Erosion, Extreme Cold, Extreme Heat, Sea Level Rise, Severe Winter Weather, and Storm Surge): Climate change is not a hazard in and of itself, but rather is a factor that could affect the location, extent, probability of occurrence, and magnitude of climate-related hazards.
Hazards related to the Climate Change hazard for the planning area are drought, erosion, extreme cold, extreme heat, sea level rise, severe winter weather and storm surge.
Hazard Profile and Problem Description
Higher temperatures, changes in precipitation, decreased water supplies accompanied by increased demand, increased risk of wildfire, a greater number of extremely hot days, the decline or loss of plant and animal species, and other impacts of climate change are expected to continue to affect Carlsbad.
Numerous observations document the impacts of global climate change, including increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, more intense heat waves, and rising global average sea level. Scientists have high confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise in the foreseeable future, largely due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to the physical impacts to the environment from increased temperatures, sea level rise, and more frequent extreme weather events, global climate change is predicted to continue to cause ecological and social impacts.
Ecological impacts of climate change include greater risk of extinction of species, loss of species diversity, and alteration of global biogeochemical cycles, which play an essential role in nutrient distribution. The social impacts of climate change include impacts on agriculture, fisheries, energy, water resources, forestry, construction, insurance, financial services, tourism and recreation.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increased global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. The overwhelming majority of climate scientists agree that human activities, especially burning of fossil fuels, are responsible for most of the global warming observed.
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography planning partners define Climate Change as any systematic change in the long-term statistics of climate elements and weather events (such as temperature,
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
33 pressure, or winds) sustained over several decades or longer.91F91F91F Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.
Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.
Hazard Impact
Coastal regions, such as Carlsbad, are vulnerable to oceanic flooding and the increasing occurrence of heat waves, whose temperatures are likely lower than in inland regions but rarely occurred historically.
However, the health impacts of less intense heat waves on those living in the coastal zone may be more severe than elsewhere in the county because the population is less acclimated to the heat.
Neighborhoods with less access to air conditioning and natural shading from vegetation are more susceptible to extreme heat.
While the scope, severity, and pace of future climate change impacts are difficult to fully predict, it currently impacts emergency management planning and may aggravate the magnitude and frequency of emergencies.
Climate change also has public health impacts. City residents, who are already more vulnerable to health challenges, are likely to be the most affected by climate change. Increases in extreme heat events can increase the risk of heat-related illness or death, or the worsening of chronic health conditions. Food scarcity and higher food prices from impacts to agriculture can cause increased hunger and reduced availability of nutrition.
The increased frequency of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, wildfires, and storm surges can cause injury or death, illness, and increases or shifts in infectious diseases. Global climate change may cause ecological and social impacts. Ecological impacts may include greater risk to species and habitats.
Social impacts may affect food, water, livability, recreation, tourism, development, turf and landscaping, flower and strawberry production, and insurance.
Implementing appropriate warnings and communication or extremes such as heatwaves and/or smoke from wildfires and developing responses to prepare for these extremes is critically important, especially in the most vulnerable communities. To move forward, the region can assess current measures, such as cooling centers to take refuge from extreme heat, urban greening, residential and commercial structure fire resistance and community fire mitigation and escape routes.
Other ways to prevent and mitigate further impacts include:
• Testing and monitoring adaptation strategies.
• Identifying thresholds to determine when it may be necessary to relocate or redesign infrastructure.
• Continual improvement of extreme forecasts to allow longer lead times to prepare for the extremes.
By assessing ongoing changes in risk—in addition to the traditional practice of risk assessment based on observed hazard events—this plan’s hazard mitigation strategies can better reduce risk from hazards expected going forward. In general, to prepare and mitigate impacts of climate change, develop integrated multi-agency, multi-jurisdiction approach that uses best information, best practices, and considers the needs of under-resourced, disadvantaged communities and individuals.
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34 5.1.2 Hazard Omission Rationale
Hazard Description Reason for Exclusion
Avalanche A mass of snow moving down a slope.
There are two basic elements to a slide: A
steep, snow-covered slope and a trigger
Snowfall in city foothills is
negligible; poses no threat
compared to other hazards
Dam Failure A dam failure can take several forms,
including a collapse of, or breach in, the
structure. While most dams have storage
volumes small enough that failures have
few or no repercussions, dams storing
large amounts can cause significant
flooding downstream.
Historically, only two major dam
failures have been recorded in San
Diego County: The Hatfield Flood of
1916 caused the failure of the
Sweetwater and Lower Otay Dams.
Expansive Soils Expansive soils shrink when dry and swell when wet. This movement can exert
enough pressure to crack sidewalks,
driveways, basement floors, pipelines and
even foundations
Presents a minor threat to limited
portions of the city
Hail Can occur during thunderstorms that bring
heavy rains, strong winds, hail, lightning,
and tornadoes
Occurs during severe
thunderstorms; most likely to occur
in the central and southern states;
no historical record of this hazard
in the region.
Hurricane Hurricanes, tropical storms, nor’easters,
and typhoons, also classified as cyclones,
include any closed circulation developing
around a low-pressure center in which the
winds rotate counterclockwise in the
northern hemisphere (or clockwise in the
Southern Hemisphere) and whose
diameter averages 10 to 30 miles across. A
tropical cyclone refers to any such
circulation that develops over tropical
waters.
Prevailing winds take hurricane
tracks westward off of Northern
Baja and the few that may drift
further north dissipate in the colder
offshore waters and become
rainmakers rather than causing
destructive winds.
Lightning Lightning is defined by the NWS as any
and all of the various forms of visible
electrical discharge caused by
thunderstorms.
The US National Centers for
Environmental Information reports
that the County averages only
three days of lightning a year,
making it a minor threat compared
to other hazards.
Severe Wind Severe wind is commonly associated with
severe thunderstorm winds, severe winter
storms (exceeding 58 mph) and
tornadoes.
Maximum sustained wind speed
recorded in the region is less than
60 miles per hour and would not be
expected to cause major damage or
injury.
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35 Subsidence Occurs when large amounts of ground
water have been withdrawn from certain
types of rocks, such as fine-grained
sediments. The rock compacts because
the water is partly responsible for holding
the ground up. When the water is
withdrawn, the rocks fall in on themselves.
Soils in the County are mostly
granitic. Presents a minor threat to
limited parts of the county. No
historical record of this hazard in
the region.
Tornado A tornado is a violent windstorm
characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped
cloud. It is spawned by a thunderstorm (or
sometimes because of a hurricane) and
produced when cool air overrides a layer
of warm air, forcing the warm air to rise
rapidly. The damage from a tornado is a
result of the high wind velocity and wind-
blown debris.
Less than one tornado event occurs
in the entire State of California in
any given year; poses very minor
threat compared to other hazards.
No historical record of this hazard
in the region.
Tsunami Tsunamis are a series of large waves of
extremely long wavelength and period
usually generated by a violent,
impulsive undersea disturbance or activity
near the coast or in the ocean. When a
sudden displacement of a large
volume of water occurs (or if the sea floor
is suddenly raised or dropped by an
earthquake) big tsunami waves
can be formed.
Historic seismic shaking levels in
the San Diego region, including in
Carlsbad, have not been sufficient
to trigger tsunamis, and as such,
the city generally has a low tsunami
risk.
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
36 5.2 Potential Hazard Exposure and Loss Estimates
The City of Carlsbad reviewed a set of jurisdictional-level hazard maps and data provided by the County of San Diego, including detailed critical facility information and localized potential hazard exposure/loss estimates related to residential, commercial, and critical asset/facilities to identify the top hazards threatening the city. Potential hazard exposure/loss estimates are summarized in Table 5.2.
According to the 2022 FEMA Repetitive Loss Summary Report, City of Carlsbad has one Repetitive Loss property, and zero Severe Repetitive Loss properties. The Repetitive Loss property is nonresidential.
TABLE 5.2: SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL HAZARD-RELATED EXPOSURE/LOSS IN CITY OF CARLSBAD.
Residential Commercial Critical Facilities
Hazard Type
Exposed
Population-
2022
Number of
Residential
Buildings -
2022
Potential
Exposure
Loss for
Residential
Buildings-
2022
Number of
Commercial
Buildings-
2022
Potential
Exposure
Loss for
Commercial
Buildings-
2022
Number of
Critical
Facilities-
2022
Potential
Exposure
for Critical
Facilities-
2022
Coastal Storm 341 16 6,217,600 0 0 0 0
Sea Level Rise
Coastal Flooding 622 21 8,160,600 4 1,209,400 10 63,690,000 Mean Higher High
Water 70 1 388,600 0 0 4 24,780,000
Dam Failure 1,258 523 203,237,800 24 7,256,400 5 29,728,000 Earthquake (Loss)
(Annualized Loss -
Includes shaking,
liquefaction and
landslide
components)
1067 6314 3,079.694,441 377 165,506,390
Info not
provided in
county
table
Info not
provided in
county
table
100 Year Info not
provided in
county
table
Info not
provided in
county
table
Info not
provided in
county
table
Info not
provided in
county
table
Info not
provided in
county
table
Info not
provided in
county
table
Info not
provided in
county
table
500 Year 19,092 4,538 1,763,466,800 352 106,427,200 4 143,152,000 Floods (Loss)
100 Year 2,497 619 240,543,400 15 4,535,250 19 123,880,000 500 Year 2,497 619 240,543,400 15 4,535,250 19 123,880,000
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
37 Residential Commercial Critical Facilities
Hazard Type
Exposed
Population-
2022
Number of
Residential
Buildings -
2022
Potential
Exposure
Loss for
Residential
Buildings -
2022
Number of
Commercial
Buildings-
2022
Potential
Exposure
Loss for
Commercial
Buildings -
2022
Number of
Critical
Facilities-
2022
Potential
Exposure for
Critical
Facilities- 2022
Wildfire/Structure Fire
High Fire Hazard 24,365 8,513 3,307,300,500 238 71,959,300 19 682,173,700 Very High Fire Hazard 19,479 5,075 1,972,145,000 561 169,618,350 17 383,777,700 Rain-Induced Landslide
High Risk 2,163 24 9,324,000 1 302,350 0 0
Moderate Risk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsunami 4,259 114 44,300,400 1 302,350 9 60,030,000
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
38 5.3 Development Trends
Development Since 2018 Plan
City of Carlsbad Community Development Department tracks total building permits issued from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2022. A summary of this development is shown in Table XXX. The development in the identified hazard areas, including the 1% annual chance floodplains and high wildfire risk areas, were completed in accordance with all current and applicable development codes and standards and should be adequately protected. Thus, with the exception of more people living in the area potentially exposed to natural hazards, this growth should not cause a significant change in City’s vulnerability to identify priority hazards.
The City issued permits for more than 1,300 new dwelling units and over 2.6 million square feet of non- residential (e.g., commercial and industrial) space. By fiscal year and quadrant, this new construction breaks down as follows:
5.3 Table: City of Carlsbad Development July 1, 201, to June 30, 2022 Dwellings and Non-residential Square Permitted1
Fiscal year Dwelling
units
permitted
Percent of units by quadrant Non-residential
square feet
permitted
Percent of units by quadrant
NW NE SW SE NW NE SW SE
2017-2018 341 31% 62% 3% 4% 1,643,467 7% 39% 4% 50%
2018-2019 375 34% 41% 5% 21% 315,194 46% 28% 1% 25%
2019-2020 242 34% 12% 25% 28% 372,455 21% 71% 2% 6%
2020-2021 251 48% 16% 28% 8% 216,834 5% 83% 0% 11%
2021-2022 111 65% 5% 14% 16% 107,935 91% 0% 0% 9%
Total units 1,320 39% 33% 13% 15% 2,655,885 17% 44% 3% 36% 1Source: Growth Management Plan Monitoring Reports for Fiscal Years 2017-2018 through 2020-2021; Development Monitoring Reports for May 2022 and October 2022.
The city uses quadrants to identify four major sections of the city from its major arterial roads, El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road being the dividing intersections for each quadrant. Figure XXX identifies those areas.
SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
39 SECTION FIVE | Conduct a Risk Assessment
40 The permitted commercial and industrial construction noted in the table occurred or is occurring in existing developed areas, such as business and industrial parks. Similarly, construction of the more than 1,300 new homes occurred or is underway as infill development dispersed throughout the city in older neighborhoods, previously approved master plans and in Carlsbad’s downtown.
In Section 5.1, Hazards Summary, wildfire is the only hazard identified with a “high” significance ranking due in part to the Carlsbad’s large amount of natural open space, largely occurring in the hills and valleys in the eastern third of the city. Many of these areas and adjacent developed lands are within the Very High or High Fire Hazard Severity Zones as identified by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. As the table above demonstrates, most (72 percent) residential construction since 2017- 2018 has occurred in the northern half of the city, with slightly more development in the northwest (39 percent) than the northeast (33 percent). The two quadrants with the greatest non-residential construction since 2017- 2018 include the northeast (44 percent) and the southeast (36 percent).
While development has continued to occur in areas of the city assessed to be higher fire hazard risk, three factors help to mitigate vulnerability: lower population density of non-residential construction types, implementation of modern codes and development standards, and development of infill locations.
The non-residential development is reported in terms of square footage, which is disproportionately high when compared to number of employees in business park/industrial park settings typical of Carlsbad. As such, high square footage is not synonymous with high population and/or at-risk populations. Secondly, the development occurring in the past five years has been evaluated for consistency with modern city codes, standards and land use regulations, including the Growth Management Plan, which requires all necessary infrastructure (roads, utilities, public safety facilities, etc.), to be installed concurrent with need. The guarantee of facilities ensures that both public safety infrastructure and service capacity grow to meet the needs of additional areas and populations and maintain desired levels of service. Finally, as previously mentioned, the growth that is occurring within the city is largely infill, taking place on vacant or underdeveloped lots surrounded by existing buildings and infrastructure. While development is occurring within areas that have been assessed as higher fire risk, it does not represent a trend of creating additional wildland-urban interface or development in additional risk areas.
Future Development
Looking to the future, residential and non-residential development will continue to be characterized as infill, whether in the city’s downtown, master plan areas or business parks. A notable exception is the city’s Sunny Creek area east of El Camino Real and north of Faraday Avenue. While much of this area is set aside as permanent open space, some areas are vacant and remain developable. Some developable portions of Sunny Creek are in the identified fire hazard zones. Any development applications submitted in the Sunny Creek area will be evaluated by city staff for consistency with all applicable codes, regulations, and standards to ensure the necessary infrastructure is in place to serve and protect future homes and businesses.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
41 6. SECTION SIX: Develop a Mitigation Strategy
The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy describes how the community will accomplish the overall purpose, or mission, of the planning process.
The mitigation strategy is made up of three main required components: mitigation goals, mitigation actions, and an action plan for implementation. These provide the framework to identify, prioritize, and implement actions to reduce risk to hazards.
Mitigation goals are general guidelines that explain what the community wants to achieve with the plan They are usually broad policy-type statements that are long-term, and they represent visions for reducing or avoiding losses from the identified hazards
Mitigation actions are specific projects and activities that help achieve the goals.
The action plan describes how the mitigation actions will be implemented, including how those actions will be prioritized, administered, and incorporated into the community’s existing planning mechanisms.
In a multi-jurisdictional plan, each jurisdiction must have an action plan specific to that jurisdiction and its vulnerabilities.
Although not required, some communities choose to develop objectives to help define or organize mitigation actions. Objectives are broader than specific actions, but are measurable, unlike goals.
Objectives connect goals with the actual mitigation actions
6.1. Mitigation Action Evaluation
Use this worksheet to help evaluate and prioritize each mitigation action being considered by the planning team. For each action, evaluate the potential benefits and/or likelihood of successful implementation for the criteria defined below.
Rank each of the criteria with a -1, 0 or 1 using the following scale:
• 1 = Highly effective or feasible
• 0 = Neutral
• -1 = Ineffective or not feasible
Example Evaluation Criteria:
• Life Safety – How effective will the action be at protecting lives and preventing injuries? • Property Protection – How significant will the action be at eliminating or reducing damage to structures and infrastructure?
• Technical – Is the mitigation action technically feasible? Is it a long-term solution? Eliminate actions that, from a technical standpoint, will not meet the goals. • Political – Is there overall public support for the mitigation action? Is there the political will to support it?
• Legal – Does the community have the authority to implement the action? • Environmental – What are the potential environmental impacts of the action? Will it comply with environmental regulations?
• Social – Will the proposed action adversely affect one segment of the population? Will the action disrupt established neighborhoods, break up voting districts, or cause the relocation of lower income people?
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
42 • Administrative – Does the community have the personnel and administrative capabilities to implement the action and maintain it or will outside help be necessary? • Local Champion – Is there a strong advocate for the action or project among local departments and agencies that will support the action’s implementation? • Other Community Objectives – Does the action advance other community objectives, such as capital improvements, economic development, environmental quality, or open space preservation? Does it support the policies of the comprehensive plan?
Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Structure and Infrastructure Projects
GOAL 1: Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to existing assets, including people and critical infrastructure, due to structure fire/wildland fire
Develop a comprehensive
approach to reducing the
possibility of damage and losses
due to structure fire/wildland fire
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
Coordinate with and support
existing efforts to mitigate
structural fire/wildland fire
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
Maintain GIS mapping to best
reflect potential vulnerability of
assets from structural
fire/wildland fire
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 7
Maintain adequate emergency
response capability 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 7
TOTAL SCORE 4 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 3 4 34
Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Structure and Infrastructure Projects (continued)
GOAL 2: Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to existing assets, including people and critical infrastructure, due to earthquakes/liquefaction
Develop a comprehensive
approach to reducing the
possibility of damage and losses
due to earthquakes
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 8
Protect existing assets with the
highest relative vulnerability to
the effects of earthquakes
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 6
Coordinate with and support
existing efforts to mitigate
earthquake hazard
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 7
Community outreach 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 5
TOTAL SCORE 4 3 3 4 3 1 2 4 0 2 26
GOAL 3: Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to existing assets, including people and critical infrastructure, due to hazardous materials
Develop a comprehensive
approach to reducing the
possibility of damage and losses
due to hazardous materials-
related hazards
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 8
Increase awareness and
knowledge of hazardous materials
mitigation principles and practice
among local officials
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 6
TOTAL SCORE 2 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 2 14
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
43 Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Structure and Infrastructure Projects (continued)
GOAL 4: Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to existing assets, including people and critical infrastructure, due to severe winter storms/flooding Develop a comprehensive
approach to reduction the
possibility of damage and losses
due to severe winter
storms/flooding
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 8
Protect existing assets with the
highest relative vulnerability to
the effects of floods (100-year
floodplain)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 9
Protect floodplains from
inappropriate development 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 9
TOTAL SCORE 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 0 3 26
GOAL 5: Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to existing assets, including people and critical infrastructure, due to climate change
Develop a comprehensive
approach to reducing the
possibility of damage and losses
due to climate change
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
Increase awareness and
knowledge of climate change
among senior city leadership
and/or local officials
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Increase public awareness and
knowledge of damages and losses
due to climate change through
community awareness
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8
TOTAL SCORE 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 27
Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Structure and Infrastructure Projects (continued)
GOAL 6: Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to existing assets, including people and critical infrastructure, due to dam failure
Develop a comprehensive
approach to reduction the
possibility of damage and losses
due to dam failure
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 8
Coordinate with and support
existing efforts to mitigate dam
failure (e.g., US Army Corps of
Engineers, US Bureau of
Reclamation, California
Department of Water Resources)
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Protect inundation areas from
inappropriate development 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 9
TOTAL SCORE 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 25
GOAL 7: Reduce the possibility of damage and losses to existing assets, including people and critical infrastructure, due to IT vulnerabilities/cyber insecurities Develop a comprehensive
approach to reducing the
possibility of damage and losses
due to IT vulnerabilities/cyber
insecurities
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Increase awareness and
knowledge of IT
vulnerabilities/cyber insecurities
among senior city leadership
and/or local officials
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6
Prepare cyber security plans and
policy 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 5
TOTAL SCORE 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 3 1 2 12
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
44 Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Natural Systems Protection
The City of Carlsbad has no mitigation actions related to natural systems protection Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Education and Awareness Programs
GOAL 8: Increase public understanding and support for effective hazard mitigation Educate the public to increase
awareness of hazards and
opportunities for mitigation
actions
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 6
Promote partnerships between
the state, counties, and local
jurisdictions and agencies to
identify, prioritize, and implement
mitigation actions
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Work with the Chamber of
Commerce, businesses, and other
local agencies to promote hazard
mitigation in the local community
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
TOTAL SCORE 3 1 0 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 23
GOAL 9: Build and maintain local capacity and commitment to hazard mitigation goals Increase awareness and
knowledge of hazard mitigation
principles and practice among
local officials
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 9
Implement actions associated with
hazard mitigation plan 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 5
Continue GIS mapping of potential
hazard areas 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 7
TOTAL SCORE 3 2 2 1 3 3 1 3 0 3 21
Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Education and Awareness Programs (continued)
GOAL 10: Increase situational awareness of MJHMP, natural, technological, and human causes hazards identified in the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Integrate MJHMP into other city
planning documents 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 9
Include at CEMAT, CERT, and
Ready Carlsbad Business Alliance
(RCBA) elements of MJHMP and
EOP as regular part of agenda
discussion
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 8
Share EOC operational
environment and situational
awareness displays utilizing
technology such as Microsoft
Teams and Zoom
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 7
TOTAL SCORE 3 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 24
Mitigation Action Life
Safety
Property
Protection Technical Political Legal Environmental Social Administrative Local Champion
Other
Community
Objectives
Total
Score
Local Plans and Regulations
GOAL 11: Update Carlsbad's General Plan to support hazard mitigation efforts Address climate change
adaptation and resiliency
strategies
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Address in the housing element
and safety element of the General
Plan a risk assessment associated
with hazards which may require
enhanced evacuation strategies
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8
TOTAL SCORE 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 17
TABLE 10: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 6.1 DATA.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
45 6.1.1. Financial
Identify whether your jurisdiction has access to or is eligible to use the following funding resources for hazard mitigation:
Funding Resource
Access/
Eligibility
(Yes/No)
Has the funding resource been used in past and for what type of activities?
Could the resource be used to fund future mitigation
actions?
Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Capital improvements project funding Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Impact fees for homebuyers or developers for
new developments/homes
Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Incur debt through general obligation bonds Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Incur debt through special tax and revenue
bonds
Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Incur debt through private activity bonds Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Capital improvements project funding Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes Yes
Previous mitigation measures and available
for future mitigation actions if needed
How can these capabilities be expanded and improved to reduce risk? The City may update existing policies, plans, and programs, such as the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). Updates may be to incorporate hazard information and to include hazard mitigation actions and climate adaptation strategies that relate to infrastructure systems resiliency associated with the water and wastewater systems. Approved projects related to hazard mitigation, including the CIP, are available on the city’s webpage. ( Projects in the Works | Carlsbad, CA (carlsbadca.gov)
Also, capital investments and improvements related to seismic retrofits, cooling center upgrades, water supply systems, and wastewater treatment plan (WWTP) upgrades may be added to outreach materials as they are related to hazard mitigation. Additionally, given the prioritization of flooding mitigation projects, the city may apply for HMGP grants to fund implementation costs associated with key CIP projects and related projects in the city’s mitigation strategy. These fiscal capabilities may be supported by city staff or augmented with consultant staff.
TABLE 11: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 4.1 DATA CONTINUED.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
46 6.2. Mitigation Action Implementation
A mitigation action is a specific action, project, activity, or process taken to reduce or eliminate long- term risk to people and property from hazards and their impacts. Implementing mitigation actions helps achieve the plan’s mission and goals. The actions to reduce vulnerability to threats and hazards form the core of the plan and are a key outcome of the planning process. This annex details the following mitigation action implementations:
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
47 6.2.1 Hazard Mitigation Action Plan
Action
Items
Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timeline Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Support and maintain a
comprehensive approach to
reduce the possibility of damage
and losses due to structure
fire/wildland fire
Structure &
Wildland Fire
1 High Carlsbad Fire
Prevention
Carlsbad
Community
Development
Carlsbad Fire
Department
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure adherence to current state
and federal codes for development
and open space areas and ensure
City plans are updated through a
comprehensive approach.
Minimize loss of life,
structures and protected
environmental space.
Support existing efforts to mitigate
structural fire/wildland fire
Structure &
Wildland Fire
1 High Carlsbad Fire
Prevention
Carlsbad Fire
Department
Carlsbad
Emergency Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure adherence to current state
and federal codes for development
and open space areas and ensure
City plans are updated through a
comprehensive approach.
Minimize loss of life, structures and
protected environmental space.
Maintain GIS mapping capabilities
to reflect potential vulnerability
of assets from structural
fire/wildland fire
Structure &
Wildland Fire
1 High Carlsbad GIS
Carlsbad
Emergency Services
No funding
required
2023-
2028
An ongoing effort of Carlsbad
Emergency Services, Carlsbad Fire
Department and Carlsbad GIS is to
ensure city readiness with current
GIS mapping.
Support City’s readiness to
respond to and recover from a
disaster or emergency.
Maintain emergency response
capabilities
Structure &
Wildland Fire
1 High Carlsbad Fire
Department
Carlsbad
Emergency Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure emergency plans, annexes
and appendices are updated to
current state, county, and local
requirements. Provide for ongoing
review process to ensure
emergency response capabilities.
Ensure City’s readiness to respond
to and recover from a disaster or
emergency.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
48 Action
Items
Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timelin
e
Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Minimize loss of life, structures and
protected environmental space.
Support and maintain a
comprehensive approach to reduce
the possibility of damage and
losses due to earthquakes
Earthquake 2 Medium Carlsbad Fire
Prevention
Carlsbad Community
Development
Carlsbad Fire
Department
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure adherence to current state
and federal codes for new
construction and ensure City plans
are updated through a
comprehensive approach.
Minimize loss of life,
structures and protected
environmental space.
Protect existing assets with the
highest relative vulnerability to the
effects of earthquakes
Earthquake 2 Medium Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Carlsbad Fleet &
Facilities
Carlsbad Construction
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure adherence to current state
and federal codes for new
development and retrofit
structures and ensure City plans
are updated through a
comprehensive approach.
Minimize loss of life and structures
space.
Support existing efforts to mitigate
earthquake hazards
Earthquake 2 Medium Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure adherence to current state
and federal codes for development
and open space areas and ensure
City plans are updated though a
comprehensive approach.
Minimize loss of life, structures and
protected environmental space.
Support community outreach
efforts related to hazard mitigation
Earthquake 2 Medium Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Carlsbad
Communication &
Engagement
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
This action will build upon
Emergency Services community
outreach and education efforts
related to overall preparedness and
response to potential earthquakes.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
49 Action
Items
Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timeline Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Support and maintain a
comprehensive approach to
reducing the possibility of damage
and losses due to hazardous
materials-related hazards
Wildfire,
Manmade
3 Low Carlsbad Fire
Department
Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure adherence to current state
and county requirements for the
reporting and storage of
hazardous materials. Ensure City
plans are updated with current
requirements.
Minimize loss of life, structures
and protected environmental
space.
Support ongoing awareness of
hazardous materials mitigation
principles and practice among local
officials
Wildfire,
Manmade
3 Low Carlsbad Fire
Department
Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Provide routine presentations to
local officials on hazardous
materials mitigation efforts.
Support and maintain a
comprehensive approach to reduce
the possibility of damage and losses
due to severe winter storms/flooding
Flooding,
Climate Change
(Severe Winter
Weather, and
Storm Surge)
4 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works
Carlsbad Community
Development
Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure City current and future
infrastructure and development
goals and plans reflect current
state and county regulations,
requirements, and plans.
Minimize loss of life, structures,
city infrastructure and open
space.
Protect existing assets with the
highest relative vulnerability to the
effects of floods (100-year
floodplain)
Flooding,
Climate
Change
(Severe
Winter
Weather, and
Storm Surge)
4 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works
Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure City current and future
infrastructure and development
goals and plans reflect current
state and county regulations,
requirements, and plans.
Minimize loss of life, structures,
city infrastructure and
open space.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
50 Action
Items
Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timeline Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Support protection of floodplains from
inappropriate development
Flooding, Climate
Change (Severe
Winter Weather)
4 Medium Carlsbad Community
Development
Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure adhere to federal, state
and county regulations and
guidance in development in
flood-prone areas.
Minimize loss of life, structures,
City infrastructure and open
space.
Support and maintain a
comprehensive approach to reduce
the possibility of damage and
losses due to climate change
Climate
Change
(Drought,
Extreme Heat,
Severe Winter
Weather)
5 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works-
Environmental
Sustainability
Carlsbad Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Continue update of City’s existing
Climate Action Plan to reflect
current regulations, best
practices, and community
involvement to reduce possible
damage or loss due to climate
change.
Meet or exceed federal and
state requirements for climate
change related mitigation.
Support ongoing awareness of
climate change among senior city
leadership and/or local officials
Climate
Change
(Drought,
Extreme Heat,
Severe Winter
Weather)
5 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works-
Environmental
Sustainability
Carlsbad
Emergency Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Provide presentations to City
Council with update on City’s
Climate Action Plan goals and
priorities.
Meet or exceed state and federal
requirements for reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions.
Support public awareness and
knowledge of damages and losses
due to climate change through
community awareness
Climate
Change
(Drought,
Extreme Heat,
Severe Winter
Weather, Sea
Level Rise)
5 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works-
Environmental
Sustainability
Carlsbad
Communications &
Engagement
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Provide public education
materials through City website,
social media channels,
community outreach events and
Earth Month activities.
Meet or exceed state and federal
requirements for reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions.
Meet or exceed state recycling
mandates.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
51 Action Items Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timeline Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Support and maintain a
comprehensive approach to reduce
the possibility of damage and losses
due to dam failure
Climate Change
(Drought,
Extreme Heat,
Severe Winter
Weather, Sea
Level Rise)
6 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works -
Utilities
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Adhere to state, county and
local jurisdiction regulations and
requirements for dam
operations, maintenance, and
inspections.
Ensure awareness of Maerkle
and Lake Calavera Dam
Emergency Action Plans
Support existing efforts to mitigate
dam failure (e.g., US Army Corps of
Engineers, US Bureau of Reclamation,
California Department of Water
Resources)
Climate Change
(Drought,
Extreme Heat,
Severe Winter
Weather, Sea
Level Rise)
6 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works -
Utilities
Carlsbad Public
Works -
Engineering
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Continue to follow regulations
and best practices as required
by regulatory agencies on dam
operations and maintenance.
Support current regulations and
requirements.
Minimize possibility of
dam failure or impact of
emergency situations.
Protect inundation areas from
inappropriate development as
appropriate
Climate Change
(Drought,
Extreme Heat,
Severe Winter
Weather, Sea
Level Rise)
6 Medium Carlsbad Public
Works -
Utilities
Carlsbad Public
Works –
Engineering
Carlsbad
Community
Development
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Review development design
standards for all flood-prone
areas within jurisdiction.
Support and maintain a comprehensive
approach to reduce the possibility of
damage and loss due to IT and
Cybersecurity threats
Cybersecurity 7 Medium Carlsbad
Information
Technology
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Educate city staff and local
officials on Cybersecurity
threats and best practices.
Minimize Cybersecurity risks to
city data and assets.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
52 Action Items Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timeline Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Support ongoing awareness of IT and
Cybersecurity threats among senior
city leadership and/or local officials
Cybersecurity 7 Medium Carlsbad
Information
Technology
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Provide routine presentations to
leadership and City Council on IT
vulnerabilities and
Cybersecurity risks.
Support awareness among
leadership and local officials.
Maintain Cybersecurity plans and
policies
Cybersecurity 7 Medium Carlsbad
Information
Technology
Carlsbad
Leadership
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Update existing plans and
policies as needed based on
federal and state government
guidance and industry best
practices,
Minimize Cybersecurity risks to
city data and assets.
Educate the public to increase
awareness of hazards and mitigation
opportunities
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
8 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Carlsbad
Fire
Prevention
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Continue to provide community
education outreach on hazards
and mitigation actions.
Increase community awareness
and engagement on how to
mitigate hazards.
Promote partnerships between the
state, counties, and local jurisdictions
and agencies to identify, prioritize, and
implement mitigation actions
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
8 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Other City
departments
tasked with
LHMP actions
or hazard
mitigation
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Serve as an active member of
county and local jurisdiction
committees, agencies and
community partners that
support hazard mitigation.
Reinforce a coordinated
partnership among the
agencies and community
partners in hazard mitigation.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
53 Action Items Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timeline Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Collaborate with the Chamber of
Commerce, businesses, and other
local agencies to promote hazard
mitigation in the local community
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
8 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Other relevant
City
departments
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Continue to engage Chamber
members through Ready
Carlsbad Business Alliance on
key hazard mitigation strategies
for businesses.
Continue to engage Carlsbad
school districts on key hazard
mitigation strategies for
schools.
Minimize loss of life, structures
and financial impact to
businesses due to a disaster or
emergency.
Support ongoing awareness of hazard
mitigation principles and practice
among local officials
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
9 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Submit County of San
Diego 2023-2028 MJHMP
for City Council approval.
Provide staff reports or
presentations to City Council
as needed.
Support ongoing awareness
among local officials.
Implement actions associated with the
MJHMP
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
9 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Work with lead agency and
supporting departments to
ensure action items are
reviewed for status updates on
a routine basis.
Support a jurisdiction with an
updated, well-rounded
approach to hazard mitigation.
SECTION SIX | Develop a Mitigation Strategy
54 Action Items Hazards Goals Priority Lead Agency/
Supporting
Departments
Estimated Costs &
Possible Funding
Timeline Ideas for Integration
Benefits: (Losses Avoided)
Continue GIS mapping of potential
hazard areas
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
9 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
An ongoing effort of Carlsbad
Emergency Services, Carlsbad
Fire Department and Carlsbad
GIS is to ensure city readiness
with current GIS mapping
Integrate MJHMP into other city
planning documents as appropriate
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
10 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Work with city staff tasked with
updating city plans (e.g.,
General Plan-Public Safety &
Housing elements) to support
integration of MJHMP.
Support a coordinated effort to
ensure key actions and
requirements are part of the
other city plan as appropriate.
Include hazard mitigation in agenda
discussions with CERT and Ready
Carlsbad Business Alliance (RCBA)
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
10 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Incorporate MJHMP action items
into seasonal hazard
discussions, e.g., October-
earthquakes.
Support City’s community
resilience goal to education
residents and businesses on
preparedness and response
needs.
Share EOC operational environment
and situational awareness displays
utilizing technology such as Microsoft
Teams and Zoom
High Significant
Hazard, All
Hazards
10 Medium Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Costs
undetermined/
General Fund
2023-
2028
Ensure technology upgrades for
buildout of City’s EOC to support
expanding technology needs.
Supports city’s readiness in
responding to a disaster or
emergency in an in-person or
virtual EOC environment
53 SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
7. SECTION SEVEN: Keep the Plan Current
Hazard Mitigation Plan maintenance is the process the planning team establishes to track the plan’s implementation progress and to inform the plan update. The plan must include a description of the method and schedule for monitoring, evaluating, and updating it within a 5-year cycle. These procedures help to:
• Ensure that the mitigation strategy is implemented according to the plan. • Provide the foundation for an ongoing mitigation program in your community. • Standardize long-term monitoring of hazard-related activities. • Integrate mitigation principles into community officials’ daily job responsibilities and department roles.
• Maintain momentum through continued engagement and accountability in the plan’s progress.
Hazard Mitigation Plan updates provide the opportunity to consider how well the procedures established in the previously approved plan worked and revise them as needed. This annex is part of the most recent San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan update. The plan was last updated in 2018. See the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan for more information.
7.1. Mitigation Action Progress
Plan monitoring means tracking the implementation of the plan over time. The plan must identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be monitored.
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
54 7.1 Table: Mitigation Action Progress Report
Action Item Responsible
Agency
Reporting
Period
Project
Status
If completed,
how funded
What was
accomplished
Obstacles If uncompleted,
explain why
Carryforward
to 2023-2028
1 Carlsbad Emergency
Management
Administrative Team
(CEMAT)/Hazard
Mitigation Working
Group to develop
hazard mitigation public
awareness strategies
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
2018-2023 Completed Not applicable Ensured the
city’s LHMP
actions were
integrated into
city plans and
public
education and
community
outreach
strategies.
None Not applicable Yes
2 Continue with Hosp
Grove trimming and
replanting efforts.
Carlsbad Parks &
Recreation
2018-2023 Completed Grant Funding
and General
Fund
Hosted (2)
community
events to assist
with trimming &
planning efforts
Staff shortages
global pandemic
Not applicable Yes
This is part
of the city’s
Carlsbad
Community
Forest and
Trails plans
3 Continue to maintain
the City’s weed
abatement ordinance to
facilitate the removal of
annual
weeds/vegetation or
habitat.
Carlsbad Fire
Prevention
2018-2023 Completed
for
reporting
period, but
is an
ongoing
program
General Fund Reduction in the
number of non-
compliant
property
owners
Increased
coordination
with City’s Code
Enforcement
team
None Not applicable Yes
This is part
of the city’s
Hazard
Reduction
Program
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
55 Action Item Responsible
Agency
Reporting Period Project Status If completed, how
funded
What was
accomplished
Obstacles If uncompleted,
explain why
Carryforward
to 2023-2028
4 Investigate feasibility of
maintaining hazardous
materials business plans
in Mobile Data
Computer.
Carlsbad Fire
Department
2018-2020 Completed General Fund Businesses who
store or
generate
hazardous
materials are
integrated into
the Carlsbad Fire
Department’s
response system
application.
This feature
allows fire
operations
personnel to
view facility
hazard material
inventory and
site maps
before arriving
on-
scene
None Not appliable No
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
56 Action Item Responsible
Agency
Reporting
Period
Project
Status
If completed,
how funded
What was
accomplished
Obstacles If uncompleted,
explain why
Carryforward
to 2023-2028
5 Continue periodic
updates of local building
codes, public works
construction codes,
zoning and grading
ordinances to reflect
legislative changes.
Carlsbad Fire
Prevention
Carlsbad
Community
Development
Carlsbad Public
Works
Department
Carlsbad City
Attorney Office
2018-2023 Completed
for
reporting
period, but
is an
ongoing
effort
General fund Ensure all city
planning,
development,
permitting,
inspections and
code
enforcement
practices reflect
current local
and state codes
Updates made to
existing city
ordinances to
reflect changes
to codes
None Not applicable Yes
6 Update hazardous
material business plan
library.
Carlsbad Fire
Prevention
2019-2023 Completed
for
reporting
period, but
is ongoing
effort
Not applicable Digitize
hazardous
material plans
for easier access
by city staff
Global pandemic
slowed the
progress of the
project
Not applicable Yes
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
57 Action Item Responsible
Agency
Reporting
Period
Project Status If completed,
how funded
What was
accomplished
Obstacles If uncompleted,
explain why
Carryforward
to 2023-2028
7 Provide information to
the public on the city
website and through
public education
opportunities.
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
Carlsbad Fire
Prevention
2018-2023 Completed General fund Staff provided
information
None Not applicable Yes
8 Update and adopt Local
Coastal Program (LCP) to
include assessment of
impacts and
vulnerabilities
associated with sea level
rise, such as inundation,
flooding, wave impacts
and erosion.
LCP will identify strategies
and adaptation measures
to minimize
risks.
Carlsbad
Community
Development
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
2019-2019 Completed General fund Adoption of the
Plan by:
Carlsbad City
Council and
California
Coastal
Commission
None Not applicable No
9 Adopt Climate Change
Action Plan (CAP), which
contains information
about the impacts of
climate change and a
comprehensive strategy
to reduce the
community’s
greenhouse gas
emissions that are
contributing to climate
change.
Carlsbad
Environmental
Sustainability
2015-2023 Initial plan
completed
Plan
update is
in progress
General fund
and grants
Through
implementation
of the existing
CAP, the city
surpassed its
2020
greenhouse
reduction
targets.
Staff changes
Global pandemic
slowed the
progress of the
project
Not applicable Yes
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
58 Action Item Responsible
Agency
Reporting
Period
Project Status If completed,
how funded
What was
accomplished
Obstacles If uncompleted,
explain why
Carryforward
to 2023-2028
10 Coordinate city IT and
Cybersecurity planning
with County
Cybersecurity Planning
Group.
Carlsbad
Information
Technology
Carlsbad
Emergency
Services
2020-2023 Completed
for reporting
period, but
is an
ongoing
program
General fund Enhancing the
city’s
Cybersecurity
process and
procedures to
minimize
potential risks
None Not applicable Yes
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
59 7.2. Plan Update Evaluation
Plan Section Considerations Explanation
Planning
Process
Should new jurisdictions and/or
districts be invited to participate in
future updates?
Yes, as new business and/or community sector organizations form during the next project period.
Have any internal or external agencies
been invaluable to the mitigation
strategy?
Carlsbad Community Development Department
Carlsbad Community Services
Carlsbad Communication & Engagement Department
Carlsbad Construction Management & Inspection
Department
Carlsbad Emergency Management Administrative Team (CEMAT) Carlsbad Fire Department Emergency Services
Carlsbad Fire Department Fire Prevention
Carlsbad Fleet & Facilities Department
Carlsbad GIS Department
Carlsbad Information Technology Department
Carlsbad Parks & Recreation Department
Carlsbad Utilities Department
California Department of Water Resources
Carlsbad Chamber of Commerce
Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)
Ready Carlsbad Business Alliance
US Army Corps of Engineers US
Bureau of Reclamation
Can any procedures (e.g., meeting
announcements, plan updates) be
done differently or more efficiently?
Yes, the continuance of virtual meetings developed during the worldwide pandemic.
Has the Planning Team undertaken any
public outreach activities?
Yes, a variety of outreach activities continue to be developed and implemented and are ongoing.
How can public participation be
improved?
The City of Carlsbad has always had strong public participation and the goal is to keep the community engaged in the planning process.
Have there been any changes in public
support and/or decision -maker
priorities related to hazard mitigation?
Yes, the worldwide pandemic saw several conflicting priorities related to public mitigation support.
Capability
Assessment
Have jurisdictions adopted new
policies, plans, regulations, or reports
that could be incorporated into this
plan?
Yes, updated hazard mitigation plans are part of an ongoing aspect of Carlsbad’s mitigation efforts.
Are there different or additional
administrative, human, technical, and
financial resources available for
mitigation planning?
Potentially, as staff positions change, and budget priorities shift, this capability may see some limitation of available resources.
Are there different or new education
and outreach programs and resources
available for mitigation activities?
Carlsbad is always striving to incorporate new outreach programs and resources into its mitigation activities. Increased coordination with Carlsbad Prevention and Preparedness teams on outreach and engagement opportunities.
Has NFIP participation changed in the
participating jurisdictions? No change
noted.
TABLE 12: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 7.2 DATA.
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
60 Plan Section Considerations Explanation
Risk
Assessment
Has a natural and/or technical
or human-caused disaster
occurred?
Worldwide pandemic.
Should the list of hazards addressed
in the plan be modified? Hazards modifications have been made.
Are there new data sources and/or
additional maps and studies available?
If so, what are they and what have they
revealed? Should the information be
incorporated into future updates?
As new sources of GIS products, and technological tools (mobile apps, etc.) emerged, they have been identified and incorporated in the plan.
Do any new critical facilities or
infrastructure need to be added to the
asset lists?
Not currently.
Have any changes in development
trends occurred that could create
additional risks?
Section 5.3 discusses development since the 2018 Plan and future development for the jurisdiction. With the exception of more people living in the area potentially exposed to natural hazards, this growth should not cause a significant change in the City’s vulnerability to identify priority hazards.
Are there repetitive losses and/or
severe repetitive losses to document? No.
Mitigation
Strategy
Is the mitigation strategy being
implemented as anticipated? Were the
cost and timeline estimate accurate?
Yes.
Should new mitigation actions be
added to the Action Plan? Should
existing mitigation actions be revised
or eliminated from the plan?
Already projected to increase by three additional mitigation goals moving into the next project period.
Are there new obstacles that were not
anticipated in the plan that will need to
be considered in the next plan
update?
Unknown.
Are there new funding sources to
consider? Unknown.
Have elements of the plan been
incorporated into other planning
mechanisms?
Yes, there is a strong connection between mitigation planning and Carlsbad’s General Plan.
Plan Maintenance
Procedures
Was the plan monitored and evaluated
as anticipated? Yes.
What are needed improvements to the
procedures?
Ensure continued monitoring and evaluation by appropriate city staff members during the next project period.
TABLE 13: FEMA LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING HANDBOOK WORKSHEET 7.2 DATA CONTINUED
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
61 7.3. Implementation through existing programs and other planning mechanisms Implementation and maintenance of this LHMP Update is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This section provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan implementation and maintenance and outlines the method and schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the Plan. The section also discusses incorporating the LHMP Update into existing planning mechanisms and how to address continued public involvement.
7.3.1 Implementation
Once adopted, this LHMP Update faces the truest test of its worth: implementation. While this Plan contains many worthwhile actions, the city will need to decide which action(s) to undertake first. Two factors will help with making that decision: the priority assigned the actions in the planning process and funding availability. Low or no-cost actions most easily demonstrate progress toward successful LHMP implementation.
An important implementation mechanism that is highly effective and low-cost is incorporation of the hazard mitigation plan recommendations and their underlying principles into other plans and mechanisms, such as general plans, stormwater plans, Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), evacuation plans, and other hazard and emergency management planning efforts for the City. City already implements policies and programs to reduce losses to life and property from hazards. This LHMP Update builds upon the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms.
Mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-day functions and priorities of government and development. Implementation can be accomplished by adhering to the schedules identified for each action and through constant, pervasive, and energetic efforts to network and highlight the multi-objective, win-win benefits to each program and the Carlsbad community and its stakeholders.
This effort is achieved through the routine actions of monitoring agendas, attending meetings, and promoting a safe, sustainable community. Additional mitigation strategies could include consistent and ongoing enforcement of existing policies and vigilant review of programs for coordination and multi- objective opportunities.
Simultaneous to these efforts, it is important to maintain a constant monitoring of funding opportunities that can be leveraged to implement some of the more costly recommended actions. This could include creating and maintaining a bank of ideas on how to meet local match or participation requirements. When funding does become available, the city will be in a better position to capitalize on the opportunity.
Funding opportunities to be monitored include special pre- and post-disaster funds, state and federal programs and earmarked funds, benefit assessments, and other state and federal grant programs, including those that can serve or support multi-objective applications.
7.3.2 Responsibility for Implementation of Goals and Activities The staff appointed to represent each department within the city are charged with implementation of various actions in this LHMP Update. During the annual reviews as described later in this section, an assessment of progress on each of the goals and activities in the LHMP Update should be determined and noted. At that time, recommendations were made to modify timeframes for completion of activities, funding resources, and responsible entities. On an annual basis, the priority standing of various activities may also be changed. Some activities that are found not to be doable may be deleted from the Plan
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
62 Update entirely and activities addressing problems unforeseen during Plan development may be added.
7.3.3 Role of Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) in Implementation and Maintenance
With adoption of this LHMP Update, the City’s Emergency Services will be responsible for the LHMP implementation and maintenance. The HMPC identified in Section 2 (or a similar committee) will reconvene annually to ensure mitigation strategies are being implemented and the city continues to maintain compliance with the NFIP. As such, the city will continue its relationship with the HMPC, and:
▪ Act as a forum for hazard mitigation issues
▪ Disseminate hazard mitigation ideas and activities to all participants ▪ Pursue the implementation of high-priority, low/no-cost recommended actions ▪ Ensure hazard mitigation remains a consideration for community decision makers ▪ Maintain a vigilant monitoring of multi-objective cost-share opportunities to help the community implement the plan’s recommended actions for which no current funding exists ▪ Monitor and assist in the implementation and update of this Plan
7.4 Maintenance
Plan maintenance implies an ongoing effort to monitor and evaluate LHMP implementation and to update this Plan as progress, roadblocks, or changing circumstances are recognized.
7.4.1. Maintenance Schedule
▪ Carlsbad Emergency Services is responsible for initiating Plan reviews. In order to monitor progress and update the mitigation strategies identified in the mitigation action plan, the HMPC will revisit this Plan annually each year and following a hazard event. With this LHMP Update anticipated to be fully approved and adopted in October 2023, the next formal Plan update for the Placer County Planning Area will occur in 2024.
7.4.2. Maintenance Schedule
The City Emergency Services is responsible for initiating Plan reviews. To monitor progress and update the mitigation strategies identified in the mitigation action plan, Emergency Services and the HMPC will revisit this Plan annually each year and following a hazard event.
7.4.3. Maintenance Evaluation Process
Evaluation of progress can be achieved by monitoring changes in vulnerabilities identified in the LHMP.
Changes in vulnerability can be identified by noting:
▪ Decreased vulnerability as a result of implementing recommended actions ▪ Increased vulnerability as a result of failed or ineffective mitigation actions ▪ Increased vulnerability as a result of new development (and/or annexation). ▪ Increased vulnerability resulting from unforeseen or new circumstances.
Updates to this LHMP will:
▪ Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation ▪ Document success stories where mitigation efforts have proven effective
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
63 ▪ Document areas where mitigation actions were not effective ▪ Document any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked ▪ Incorporate new data or studies on hazards and risks
▪ Incorporate new capabilities or changes in capabilities ▪ Incorporate growth and development-related changes to infrastructure inventories ▪ Incorporate new action recommendations or changes in action prioritization.
Changes will be made to this LHMP update to accommodate for actions that have failed or are not considered feasible after a review of their consistency with established criteria, time frame, community priorities, and/or funding resources. All mitigation actions will be reviewed as well during the monitoring and update of this Plan to determine feasibility of future implementation. Updating of this LHMP will be by written changes and submissions, as the HMPC deems appropriate and necessary
7.5 Annual Plan Review Process
For the LHMP Update review process, Placer County OES, as lead along with the County CRS Coordinator, will be responsible for facilitating, coordinating, and scheduling reviews and maintenance of the LHMP. The LHMP is intended to be a living document. The review of the 2021 LHMP Update will normally occur on a quarterly basis each year and will be conducted by the HMPC as follows:
▪ The Placer County OES will place an advertisement in the local newspaper advising the public of the date, time, and place for each quarterly review of the LHMP Update and will be responsible for leading the meeting to review the Plan.
▪ Notices will be mailed to the members of the HMPC, federal, state, and local agencies, non-profit groups, local planning agencies, representatives of business interests, neighboring communities, and others advising them of the date, time, and place for the review. ▪ County/City/District officials will be noticed by email and telephone or personal visit and urged to participate.
▪ Members of the County’s Planning Commission and other appointed commissions and groups will also be noticed by email and either by telephone or personal visit. ▪ Prior to the review, department heads and others tasked with implementation of the various activities will be queried concerning progress on each activity in their area of responsibility and asked to present a report at the review meeting.
▪ The local news media will be contacted, and a copy of the current Plan will be available for public comment at Placer County.
▪ After the review meeting, minutes of the meeting and a quarterly report will be prepared by the HMPC and forwarded to the news media (public) and the ISO/CRS specialist for the CRS program.
The report will also be presented to the County Board of Supervisors for review, and a request will be made that the Board take action to recognize and adopt any changes resulting from the review.
7.5.1 Criteria for Annual Reviews
The criteria recommended will be utilized in reviewing and updating the LHMP. More specifically, the reviews should include the following information:
▪ Community growth or change in the past quarter.
▪ The number of substantially damaged or substantially improved structures by flood zone. ▪ The renovations to public infrastructure including water, sewer, drainage, roads, bridges, gas lines, and buildings.
▪ Natural hazard occurrences that required activation of the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and whether or not the event resulted in a presidential disaster declaration.
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
64 ▪ Natural hazard occurrences that were not of a magnitude to warrant activation of the EOC or a federal disaster declaration but were severe enough to cause damage in the community or closure of businesses, schools, or public services.
▪ The dates of hazard events descriptions.
▪ Documented damages due to the event.
▪ Closures of places of employment or schools and the number of days closed. ▪ Road or bridge closures due to the hazard and the length of time closed. ▪ Assessment of the number of private and public buildings damaged and whether the damage was minor, substantial, major, or if buildings were destroyed. The assessment will include residences, mobile homes, commercial structures, industrial structures, and public buildings, such as schools and public safety buildings.
▪ Review of any changes in federal, state, and local policies to determine the impact of these policies on the community and how and if the policy changes can or should be incorporated into the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Review of the status of implementation of projects (mitigation strategies) including projects completed will be noted. Projects behind schedule will include a reason for delay of implementation.
7.5.2 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms
Another important implementation mechanism that is highly effective and low-cost is incorporation of the 2023 LHMP recommendations and their underlying principles into other City plans and mechanisms.
Where possible, Plan participants will use existing plans and/or programs to implement hazard mitigation actions. As previously stated in Section 7.1 of this plan, mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-day functions and priorities of government and development. The point is re- emphasized here.
As described in this LHMP’s capability assessment, the City already implements policies and programs to reduce losses to life and property from hazards. This Plan builds upon the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms. These existing mechanisms include:
▪ City general and master plans, to include Public Safety and Housing elements ▪ City Emergency Operations Plans and other emergency management efforts ▪ City Climate Change Plan
▪ City ordinances
▪ Flood/stormwater management/master plans
▪ Capital improvement plans and budgets
▪ Other plans and policies outlined in the capability assessment ▪ Other plans, regulations, and practices with a mitigation focus HMPC members involved in these other planning mechanisms will be responsible for integrating the findings and recommendations of this LHMP with these other plans, programs, etc., as appropriate. As described in Section 7.1 Implementation, incorporation into existing planning mechanisms will be done through the routine actions of:
▪ Monitor other planning/program agendas
▪ Attend other planning/program meetings
▪ Participate in other planning processes
The successful implementation of this mitigation strategy will require constant and vigilant review of existing
SECTION SEVEN | Keep the Plan Current
65 plans and programs for coordination and multi-objective opportunities that promote a safe, sustainable community.
Efforts should continuously be made to monitor the progress of mitigation actions implemented through these other planning mechanisms and, where appropriate, their priority actions should be incorporated into updates of this hazard mitigation plan.