4. 1904 Stanford president David Starr Jordan builds at the northeast corner of Camino Real and Seventh. His assistant Vernon Kellogg also builds cottage. Camino Real just south of Ocean becomes known as “Professor’s Row.”
1905 Poet George Sterling moves to Carmel. His house becomes the nucleus of a literary colony.
Arts and Crafts Society organized.
1910 Forest Theater founded by Herbert Heron and Forest Theater Society formed. Open air facility opens July 9, 1910, with a production of “David.” 1912 Forest Theater improved with larger stage with dressing rooms beneath. Electricity installed a year later. Western Drama Society breaks away from the Forest Theater Society and also begins producing plays. Arts and Crafts Society becomes third producer. 1913 Permanent population 550 by unofficial count with several thousand summer visitors.
Devendorf issues another promotional brochure.
1914 Robinson and Una Jeffers arrive in Carmel from Monterey. 1915 Carmel Highlands subdivided by Devendorf and Highlands Inn completed in 1917. 1916 Carmel incorporates.
Attachment 4
101
1928 Robinson and Una Jeffers begin building Tor House on Carmel Point. 1919 Three societies producing plays at the Forest Theater reunite. 1922 City purchases Devendorf Park and the Sand Dunes from James Devendorf. 1923 Opening of the Bank of Carmel by State bank charter. 1927 Carmel Art Association organized.
1929 Residential character of Carmel-by-the-Sea proclaimed by ordinance.
Bath house sold by City to Mrs. W.C. Mann who dismantled it. 1937 Highway 1 opened down the coast of California.
1930s Perry Newberry suggests building a fence around Carmel and charging a toll to enter. 1940 Carmel High School opened.
1941 Town experiences nightly blackouts during World War II. Carmelites rally to support troops through recycling programs, donations, and entertainment in the form of USO entertainment at Fort Ord.
1946 Monterey County Symphony founded, housed at Sunset Auditorium.
Village Corner constructed on NE corner of Dolores Street and Sixth Avenue.
Hugh Comstock appointed to Planning Commission.
1947 Planning Commission delivers a statement of policy that outlines a strict adherence to “Carmel tradition,” from which there should be “no departure.” Home prices skyrocketed after war. Home on Casanova that sold for $8,500 in 1946 sold for $14,000 in 1947.
1948 Hugh Comstock launches “Dream Houses for the Common Man” project. 1948 Anti-rooming house law upheld in court.
Newspaper article claims anti-progress/modernization sentiments still strong. Carmel fought gas and electricity and in 1948 refuses to own its utilities. No numbers on homes or mail delivery.
Community bulletin board used by all.
Buildings in commercial district could not exceed two stories. Bowling alleys, pool halls, or major industries not permitted in town.
1949 City purchases All Saints’ Church for use as a City Hall annex.
Attachment 4
102
1949 Founded by Bing Crosby, the Carmel Youth Center, a recreational center for teenagers is established.
1949 Construction began on Carmel Youth Center, designed by Robert Jones. 1950s City Council issued an ordinance stating that any Carmelite over 10 had to be clothed “from shoulder to knee.”
City made plans to purchase 600-feet-long beach strip Santa Lucia to the Walker House.
New post-War architectural development boom.
Mark Mills moved to Carmel from San Francisco (where he lived briefly after living at Taliesin West).
City employees sign non-Communist oath.
1950 Chamber of Commerce established (Carmel merchants participated in Monterey Peninsula Chamber of Commerce). Residents opposed.
Carmel’s telephone central office building completed.
Carmel Foundation, a group dedicated to elderly and the maintenance of Town House, a social center for elderly, founded.
1950 Ground broken for new All Saints’ Episcopal Church on White Cedar tract, which was purchased from Mrs. Margaret Hitchcock for $12,000. Church designed by Robert R. Jones. 1950 City Hall expands into adjacent former All Saints’ Church building. 1952 Della Walker House (designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1949), completed on West side of Scenic Road and Santa Lucia.
1953 First worship service for Carmel Presbyterian Church held in Carmel Woman’s Club. 1954
Carmel Ballet Academy Building, designed by Elston and Cranston, constructed on Mission Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues.
1954 Carmel Presbyterian Church formally organized with 70 charter members. 1955 One-hour-parking signs installed on Ocean Avenue.
1955 Forest Theater Workshop inaugurated.
New shopping center proposed at corner of Ocean and Junipero, which was at this time occupied by Murphy’s lumberyard and the San Carlos Canning Company. Property owned by Leslie Fenton.
1955 Newly constructed Carmel Presbyterian Church dedicated.
Attachment 4
103
1956 Robinson Jeffers sells a portion of his property for subdivision. More is sold after his death in 1962.
1956 Citizen’s committee recommended closing Ocean Avenue to traffic and discontinuing additional parking at beach for tourists.
City Council purchased parking lot across street from post office for $45,000 and Murphy Lumber Yard lot on Ocean for $117,000.
1958 City Council instituted an Arts Commission, which was particularly charged with operation and maintenance of the Forest Theater.
Forestry Commission instituted to conserve trees and guide reforestation. City Council embarks on monthly special tree tour meetings.
1959 State of California gifted half-block-long strip of Ocean Avenue between Carpenter and Highway 1 to Carmel.
Carmel General Plan adopted.
Carmel Citizens’ Committee formed with membership of 600. 1960 Carmel Plaza, designed by Olaf Dahlstrand, opens.
1962 First official Carmel Sand Castle contest held.
50 gift shops, 20 art galleries, 24 restaurants, 50+ hotels/motels.
Shell Oil Station, designed by Burde, Shaw, and Associates, constructed on SE corner of San Carlos Street and Fourth Avenue.
1964 Citizens approve a $575,000 bond measure to purchase Sunset Center and its two-block site. 1965 Sunset Center purchased by the City.
1965 Wells Fargo Bank, designed by Olaf Dahlstrand, constructed on E side of San Carlos between Ocean and Seventh Avenues.
1966 Vocal city council member Gunnar Norberg chairs Carmel’s Golden Anniversary celebration, marking the 50-year anniversary of Carmel’s incorporation. 1966 New Carmel police station, designed by Burde, Shaw and Associates, completed on Junipero and Fourth.
1968 Carmel Plaza additions approved despite public controversy. 1969 Carmel passes emergency ordinance regulating the use of public property. 1970 Council member Gunnar Norberg leads successful fight to save the Forest Theater. 1971 California Supreme Court strikes down the 1969 public property ordinance.
Attachment 4
104
1972 Northern California Savings and Loan building, designed by Burde Shaw Associates constructed on Dolores and Seventh.
1972 City of Carmel purchases the Flanders Estate, including 14.9 acres of land, eventually developed into Mission Trail Park.
1972 California voters pass Proposition 20, creating the California Coastal Commission. 1973 The Carmel Pine Cone publishes the first cartoon by artist Bill Bates. 1976 Gunnar Norberg selected as mayor and serves two terms until 1980. 1976 Carmel citizens group Old Carmel, and former Carmel Pine Cone editor Frank Lloyd fight for and save Hugh Comstock’s Village Corner restaurant.
1976 California State Legislature adopts the California Coastal Act of 1976. 1976 First architectural survey of Carmel’s Significant Buildings conducted by Richard Janick, architectural historian. The survey concluded with a Proposed Carmel Significant Building list published in the Monterey Peninsula Herald in 1978.
1978 Carmel citizens pass an ordinance to make the mayor an elected position. 1978 First major study of Carmel’s significant historic buildings conducted by architectural historian and Monterey Peninsula College instructor Richard Janick. A list of 112 structures was published in the Monterey Peninsula Herald.
1980 Former Carmel mayor Barney Laiolo (having served from 1968-1972) becomes Carmel’s first elected mayor.
1982 Charlotte Townsend becomes second female mayor in Carmel’s history. 1982 Mayor Charlotte Townsend wins a second consecutive term. 1984 Carmel passes new general plan.
1984 Improvements to M. J. Murphy’s 1913 All Saints Episcopal Church updated and improved in an effort to modernize City Hall.
1984 Marjory Lloyd, local Carmel historian and advocate, forms the Carmel Heritage Society. 1985 Mayor Townsend’s Beach Task Force completes Phase One of Carmel beach/bluff stabilization and the installment of new drainage infrastructure, in response to the 1983 winter storm.
Attachment 4
105
9.8 Who’s Who in Carmel
*The purpose of this appendix is to provide a biographical information on historic figures in Carmel’s history, especially the creative people from all disciplines who shaped Carmel’s character. It is in no way intended as a complete list, but rather a synopsis of information collected during the preparation of this report. Exclusion from this appendix does not diminish the significance of any individual historic person.
Elsie Allen – Founding president of the Arts and Crafts Club of Carmel, Allen was a former editor of Harper’s magazine and retired faculty member of Wellesley College.
Mary Austin – Born on September 9, 1868 in Carlinville, Illinois, Austin was a prolific writer who published some thirty-two volumes in addition to approximately two hundred articles in periodicals.
Austin moved to a ranch near Bakersfield with her family when her father died in 1888. Married to Stafford Wallace Austin in 1891, she gave birth to a daughter the following year who was later found to be mentally retarded. She separated from her husband and moved to Carmel in 1906. Unable to afford the construction of a house on the lot she had purchased, she rented a cottage and later stayed in the Pine Inn. San Francisco architect Louis Mulgardt designed a studio platform around the limbs of an tree on her North Lincoln property. Austin called it her wick-i-up and spent many house there writing about nature and women’s rights. In 1908, thinking herself hopelessly ill, she went to Italy to study prayer and mysticism with the Blue Nuns. Her book, Christ in Italy, was a product of her experience there. In 1912 she returned to Carmel and finally built a cottage beside her tree house. In 1924 she established herself in Santa Fe where she fought for the preservation and rehabilitation of Indian and Spanish arts and handicrafts.
Leonard Bacon – Bacon moved to Carmel in the 1920s. He wrote the satirical verse “Guinea Fowl”, “Lost Buffalo” and others for Harper’s Weekly.
Raymond Stannard Baker (AKA David Grayson) – Journalist, Pulitzer Prize winning biographer and essayist, Baker was born in Lansing, Michigan on April 17, 1870. From 1892 to 1897 he was a reporter for the Chicago Record. He moved to New York with his wife and children in 1898 to work for McClure’s Magazine of which he served as associate editor until 1906. Baker then joined in the purchase of American Magazine, of which he was one of the editors until 1915. He was asked by Woodrow Wilson to edit his papers. Baker received the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1940 for Woodrow Wilson:
Life and Letters. He died in 1946.
Frederick Ritchie Bechdolt – Born on July 27, 1874 in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania where he received his formal education, Bechdolt later went from placer mining in the Klondike, to cow punching, to rubbing shoulders with criminals at San Quentin and Folsom. When he first arrived in Carmel in 1907, he rented a cottage in the Eighty Acres until he met and married Adele Hare. His novels include When the West Was Won, The Hard Rock Man, Takes of Oldtimers and 9009 in collaboration with James Hopper. He also wrote for various newspapers including the Seattle Star and Los Angeles Times. In addition to being a prolific writer, Bechdolt served as postmaster, city council member and police commissioner. He died in 1950.
William Rose Benet – Poet and novelist, Benet was born on February 2, 1886. He was on the staff of Century Magazine from 1911 to 1918. From 1919 and 1920 Benet was assistant editor of the Nation’s Business, and went from there to the Literary Review of the New York Evening Post, from which the Saturday Review of Literature grew. In 1942, he received the Pulitzer Prize for The Dust Which Is God, an autobiographical verse narrative. Benet shared a cottage in Carmel with his former Yale classmate Sinclair Lewis.
Attachment 4
106
Geraldine Bonner – Bonner moved to Carmel after the San Francisco earthquake. She was a writer for the San Francisco Argonaut and author of The Pioneer and The Emigrant Trail.
Daisy Bostick – Daisy Fox Desmond Bostick first came to Carmel from San Jose as a guest of the Newberrys in 1910. She moved to the village permanently in 1918, pursuing a variety of activities including managing the Hotel Carmel with her husband Lou Desmond and writing a column for the Carmel Pine Cone. An acute observer of life in Carmel, she co-authored Carmel at Work and Play with Dorothea Castelhun in 1925.
Arthur (Artie) Bowen – Born in Sotoville in January 1887, Bowen moved to Carmel from San Jose. He built a cottage for himself on the east side of Casanova between Ninth and Tenth where he resided until his marriage in 1906. He worked for Devendorf for six years and later went into contracting and remodeling. He died in 1969.
Van Wyck Brooks – Literary historian and novelist, Brooks arrived in Carmel for a short period in 1911.
He was the author of The World of H.G. Wells and America’s Coming of Age. Although he was critical of the lifestyle of the bohemians in Carmel, he returned for extended visits during the 1930s and 1940s.
Davenport Bromfield – In April of 1888 W.C. Little and Bromfield were commissioned to survey Carmel City for Santiago Duckworth. Bromfield, Little’s apprentice, ended up doing most of the work while living in a small cottage he built for himself on the east side of Carpenter Street between Second and Third.
Ferdinand Burgdorff – Born on November 7, 1881 in Cleveland, Ohio. Burgdorff first came to Carmel in 1908 to visit his friend and fellow Bohemian Club member, Charles Rollo Peters. He soon returned and rented a small portion of the kitchen belonging to the Arts and Crafts Club, which he used as his first studio while often swapping notes with Sidney Yard. He later built a home on Boronda Road in Pebble Beach. Burgdorff died in 1975.
Argyll Campbell – Born on December 2, 1892 in San Jose, Campbell was the city attorney and responsible for drafting many of Carmel’s first zoning laws and ordinances. He is best remembered for writing Carmel’s “Magna Carta”: The City of Carmel-by-the-Sea is hereby determined to be primarily, essentially, and predominately a residential city wherein business and commerce have in the past, are now, and are proposed in the future to be subordinated to its residential character.
Dorothea Castelhun – Castelhun moved to Carmel from Massachusetts during the 1920s. She published the series of stories for girls, The Penelope Books, and co-authored Carmel at Work and Play with Daisy Bostick.
Father Angelo Casanova – Casanova, a priest at San Carlos Church, was responsible for the partial restoration of the Carmel Mission in 1884, which involved putting a roof on the church to protect it from the elements.
Lena Cherry – Cherry was a poet and artist who moved to Carmel in 1920 with her first husband M.I.T. professor, Dr. Alfred E. Burton. Six years later she left him and their three children for inventor Carl Cherry. They purchased Delos Goldsmith’s house which was constructed between 1892 and 1894. After her husband died, Cherry created the Carl Cherry Foundation and remodeled their house into a gallery and theater.
Hugh Comstock – Hugh Comstock developed the Fairy Tale style of architecture with which Carmel has become closely identified. Born in Evanston, Illinois in 1893, Comstock moved to Santa Rosa with his Attachment 4
107
family in 1907. In 1924, he came to Carmel to visit his sister and met and married Mayotta Brown. The two decided to remain in Carmel as Mayotta had a successful doll making business. Comstock’s career as a designer-builder began when his wife asked him to build a cottage for her dolls. The “Doll’s House” became the first of many Fairy Tale style cottages he would design and build. Comstock’s interest in architecture eventually changed, however, to the development of the post-adobe system of construction.
Josephine Culbertson – Culbertson came to Carmel in 1906 with her friend and companion, Ida Johnson.
Soon they opened a studio to display their art and built a home at Lincoln and Seventh, known as “Gray Gables.” They helped organize the Carmel Art Association, of which Culbertson was the founding vicepresident. In addition to their artistic endeavors, they established The Dickens Club, a local boys club.
John Cunningham – Cunningham originally appeared in Carmel in 1926 with a cast of amateur actors from Berkeley. He stayed on for a few months painting sets for the Forest Theater. A decade later he returned with his wife, Pat, and set up permanent residence. In 1939, the Cunninghams bought the Carmel Art Institute from Armin Hansen and Paul and Kit Whitman.
Pat Cunningham – Cunningham, an oil painter and muralist, was the first woman president of the California Art Association. She and her husband, John, bought the Carmel Art Institute from Armin Hansen and Paul and Kit Whitman in 1939.
Dene Denny – born in Callahan, California, Denny acquired a degree from the University of California at Berkeley. She moved to Carmel in 1924 with her companion, Hazel Watrous. They first built a studio on Dolores near First, which Watrous also designed. From 1927 to 1928 they leased the Golden Bough Playhouse from Edward Kuster and presented eighteen plays. They formed the Denny-Watrous Gallery in 1928 which sponsored concerts and art exhibitions. They also co-founded the Bach Festival in 1935.
Eva K. DeSabla – DeSabla was first elected to public office as a City Trustee October 31, 1916 when Carmel-by-the-Sea incorporated. She was reelected April 12, 1920 and appointed president, but resigned from office September 29, 1920. She came to Carmel from Marysville, where she was known as Eva K.
Couvileau.
Frank Devendorf – Born April 6, 1856, Devendorf left his native town of Lowell, Michigan at sixteen to join his mother who lived in San Jose. He later established himself in the real estate business there and in Stockton. In 1902 he acquired Carmel City from Santiago Duckworth and the following year established the Carmel Development Company with Frank Powers. He set the stage for the development of Carmelby-the-Sea and became its unofficial mayor. He and his wife Lillian had four daughters Edwina, Marion, Myrtle and Lillian.
Paul Dougherty – An artist who achieved fame as a seascapist, Dougherty was a National Academician who settled in Carmel Highlands in 1928. He served as president of the Carmel Art Association in 1940.
Harry Downie – Downie was a cabinetmaker from San Francisco. He was commissioned by Monsignor Philip G. Scher of San Carlos Church to restore the Carmel Mission in 1931. He died March 10, 1980 and was buried alongside the mission.
Santiago Duckworth – In 1888, Santiago J. Duckworth purchased 324 acres of land from Honoré Escolle and filed a subdivision map for Carmel City. The area was surveyed by W.C. Little and generally bounded by Monte Verde on the west, Forest Road on the east Twelfth Avenue on the south and First Avenue on the north. Duckworth, already established in the real estate business in Monterey, planned on developing Carmel City as a summer resort for Catholics, akin to the Methodist retreat already established Attachment 4
108
in Pacific Grove. He opened the Hotel Carmelo on the northeast corner of Ocean Avenue and Broadway (Junipero) in 1889.
Louise Norton Drummage – A native of Illinois, Louise came to California in 1897 to work at the Agnew State Hospital in San Jose. While taking a holiday in Pacific Grove in 1899, she met and later married Melvin Norton, proprietor of the Cash Package Grocery. The couple first visited nearby Carmel in June 1903 where they bought property and established the village’s first restaurant. They built a house at Seventh and San Carlos, which was later moved to Ninth and San Carlos. In 1906, Louise opened a bakery, and later built the Tel and Tel Building, constructed by Percy Parkes, which was razed in 1957.
She later married William T. Drummage.
William T. Drummage – Drummage was sent to Carmel in 1892 as the resident agent for Abbie Jane Hunter. He and his mother moved from San Jose to Carmel in 1898 to a house he built on the lot bounded by San Carlos, Mission and Fourth streets. In 1899, Abbie Jane Hunter sold Drummage a portion of her Carmel holdings. He was Carmel’s first plumber. He later married the widow Louise Norton.
Amos Engle – A landscape artist, Engle moved to Carmel during the 1920s.
Nora May French – A gifted poet and protégé of George Sterling, French came to Carmel in 1907.
Sterling built a cabin for her in the Eighty Acres so she would have a place to write. She later committed suicide.
Delos Goldsmith – Born in Painsville, Ohio on September 3, 1828, Goldsmith moved to San Francisco at nineteen where he worked as a carpenter. He moved to Carmel in 1888 and began constructing homes.
He was the uncle of Wesley Hunter, husband of Abbie Jane Hunter.
Lee Gottfried – A builder responsible for numerous homes and commercial buildings, alone and as half of the partnership of Gottfried and Hale, Lee Gottfried was active in village life, helping to organize the Abalone League of softball teams and the building and loan society.
Eunice Gray – Gray moved to Carmel during the 1920s and lived in one of the first beach cottages, “The Barnacle.” She wrote Cross Trails and Chaparral.
Charles Sumner Greene – Greene, along with his brother Henry Mather Greene, established the architectural firm of Greene and Greene in Pasadena. Together the brothers developed the Craftsman style of architecture into a high art. D.L. James engaged Charles Greene in 1918 to design a home on a rocky bluff overlooking the Pacific Ocean in the Carmel Highlands. Charles Greene Charles Greene left Pasadena and settled in Carmel, where he built his own home and studio on Lincoln Street. Greene was a member of the Civic Committee of the Arts and Crafts Club and in 1921 designed the War Memorial Arch at San Carlos and Ocean Avenue. He was also one of Carmel’s first Planning Commissioners. His daughter Bettie built stables on Junipero and Fifth streets which were razed in 1958.
Arnold Genthe – Prussian Arnold Genthe had originally intended to become a teacher in his homeland.
He came to Carmel via San Francisco, where he became a member of the Bohemian Club and a fledgling photographer, not long after his friend George Sterling. He built a redwood home on Camino Real near Eleventh and continued to develop his skill and his reputation as a portrait and landscape photographer.
While living in Carmel, he took his first color photographs. In San Francisco in 1911, he displayed one of the first exhibitions of color photographs in the United States.
Attachment 4
109
Armin Carl Hansen – Born in San Francisco on October 23, 1886, Hansen studied art at the California School of Design and later in Stuttgart, Germany. He was a painter and etcher who was noted for his portraits of Spanish and Portuguese fisherman of the Monterey Bay. A National Academician, he was an organizer of the Carmel Art Association—of which he was later president—and the Carmel Art Institute.
He died April 23, 1957.
Ella Reid Harrison – Ella Reid Harrison can be considered the most generous supporter of Carmel’s library. Harrison bequeathed a large portion of her estate including bonds, land, books and furniture to the city on the condition that they be used to build a public library in memory of her late husband, California Supreme Court Justice Ralph Chandler Harrison.
Herbert Heron – Heron was born in 1883 in New Jersey. He had been a professional actor with the Belasco and Morasco Stock Company in Los Angeles and first visited Carmel in July of 1908. Returning one year later, Heron built a home at Guadalupe and Mountain View. The following year he formed the Forest Theater Society. Heron also opened the first genuine book shop in 1918 in the Eighty Acres. It was later moved to the Seven Arts Building on the corner of Lincoln and Ocean which he built in 1925, and sold in 1940. In later years he served on the city council and as mayor from 1930 to 1934.
James Hopper – Hopper was born in Paris on July 23, 1876. His first book, Caybigan, was published in 1906. He taught school in the Philippines for a while, but returned to the United States to dedicate himself to writing. He wrote more than four hundred short stories and several novels for popular magazines such as Collier’s and The Saturday Evening Post. He moved to Carmel permanently after the San Francisco earthquake in 1906. First renting a cottage on Dolores and Ninth, he later moved into George Sterling’s house. After it burnt down, he built a new home on the same site. His first wife, Mattie, was particularly active in raising funds for the development of Devendorf Park. In 1938, Hopper married Elayne Lawson of Monterey, and died in 1956. His daughter Janie married actor Richard Boone and Herb Vial.
Abbie Jane Hunter – Hunter founded the Women’s Real Estate and Investment Company in 1892. She acquired partial interest in the development of Carmel City and sponsored the Carmel Bathhouse (built by Delos Goldsmith). She is credited with coining the name Carmel-by-the-Sea.
Robinson Jeffers – Jeffers was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied various fields including forestry and medicine before deciding to become a poet. Initially considered to have an unpromising career, his genius blossomed during the 1920s. His principal work, Roan Stallion, Tamar and Other Poems, was published in 1925. Jeffers and his wife, Una, began renting a house on Monte Verde near Ocean in 1914. Several years later they purchased land on Carmel Point and hired Michael J. Murphy to build a house. Constructed of native granite, they called it “Tor House” because the treeless, windswept lot facing the ocean reminded them of the tors in England. Observing the stone masons during the construction, Jeffers later built “Hawk Tower.”
David Starr Jordan – The first president of Stanford University, Jordan built a house at the northeast corner of Camino Real and Seventh in 1905. That section of the street later became known as “Professor’s Row.” Jordan was also the author of Blood of the Nation, The Higher Sacrifice and The Strength of Being Clean.
William Keith – California’s best known landscape artist, Keith was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland on November 21, 1838. he was a prolific artist, however, 2,000 of his paintings, sketches and studies were destroyed in the San Francisco fire of 1906. He died April 13, 1911.
Attachment 4
110
Harry Lafler – Literary editor of the Argonaut, Lafler moved to the Carmel area after the San Francisco earthquake. He actually lived down the coast most of the time and wrote for local papers. He also worked on the publication of poems by Nora May French after her death.
Father Fermín Francisco de Lasuén – The building at Mission San Carlos de Borromeo was begun in 1793 under the direction of Father Lasuén.
Sinclair Lewis – The first American to win the Nobel Prize for literature in 1930, twenty-three year-old Lewis joined the MacGowan sisters in Carmel in 1908 to act as their secretary and collaborator. The three had met at Helicon Hall, a utopian writer’s colony in New Jersey established by Upton Sinclair. For a little over a year Lewis lived in a house on the beach near the MacGowan house; that spring he shared his modest quarters with friend William Rose Benet. He worked off and on as a reporter before becoming a novelist. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1926 but refused it saying he did not believe in prizes. His principal works include: Elmer Gantry, Main Street, Babbit and Arrowsmith.
W.C. Little – In April of 1888 W.C. Little and Davenport Bromfield were commissioned to survey Carmel City for Santiago Duckworth.
Grace and Alice MacGowan – The MacGowan sisters moved to Carmel in 1908 to join the literary colony. They had already achieved wide popular success with their novels, short stories, essays and poems. They bought a two-story, shingled house located on a cliff above the beach at what came to be known as “Cooke’s Cove.” They were active in the Forest Theater Society from its founding in the spring of 1910.
Xavier Martinez – Martinez was born in Guadalajara, Mexico on February 7, 1874. He moved to San Francisco in 1893 to study art and in 1895 went to Europe for six more years of study. Martinez returned to San Francisco where he taught at the California School of Arts and Crafts. Most of his impressionist paintings are of the Piedmont hills where he lived; however, he spent summers teaching at the Arts and Crafts Club School and made frequent trips to Carmel to visit friends and sketch. He died January 13, 1943. His house at Carmelo and Sixteenth was occupied by his wife and daughter until 1989.
Laura Maxwell – Maxwell was born in Carson City, Nevada on October 13, 1887. She moved to Carmel permanently in 1918 and opened her first studio at Carmelo and Santa Lucia. She died August 7, 1967.
Joseph Mora – Sculptor, painter and writer, Mora was born in Uruguay and came to the United States as a child. He studied art in New York and Boston. After World War I, he moved to Carmel, purchasing a full block at San Carlos and First where he built his home and studio. Soon after his arrival he was commissioned to do the Serra Cenotaph for the Carmel mission which was completed and dedicated in 1924. Shortly afterward he sold his property in town and moved to Sunridge Road in Pebble Beach.
Other notable works by Mora include a monument to Cervantes at Golden Gate Park, the Bret Harte Memorial at the Bohemian Club, and the Memorial Fountain at the Salinas County Courthouse.
Mary DeNeale Morgan – Born in San Francisco in 1868, DeNeale Morgan attended the California School of Design from 1888 to 1890. She later exhibited her art throughout the United States. She visited Carmel briefly in 1903 with her family who helped run the Pine Inn for a little more than a month for Frank Devendorf. Morgan returned the following year and occupied a cottage on Monte Verde near the Pine Inn. Six years later she established her permanent home and studio in the former Sidney Yard studio on Lincoln near Seventh. An avid painter in tempera and oils, active in the support of the Forest Theater and All Saints Church, and one of the founders of the Carmel Art Association, she died in October 1948.
Attachment 4
111
Michael J. Murphy – Born June 26, 1885 in Mendon, Utah, Murphy first came to Carmel in 1902. Two years later Frank Devendorf hired him to do the building for the Carmel Development Company. Murphy went on to become the most prolific designer-builder in the history of Carmel, with the Pine Inn, Highlands Inn, La Playa Hotel, Sundial Lodge, Tor House, Harrison Memorial Library, and numerous houses to his credit. In 1924 he established M.J. Murphy Inc., which sold building supplies, did rock crushing and concrete work and operated a lumber mill and cabinet shop located between San Carlos and Mission.
M.M. Murphy – Murphy moved to Carmel during the 1920s and lived at Twelfth and Casanova. He was an author, paleontologist and Navajo Indian Reservation official.
Perry Newberry – Perry Newberry came to Carmel with his wife, Bertha, in 1910. He was formerly on the art staff of the San Francisco Examiner. He became the assistant editor of the Carmel Pine Cone and later its owner until he sold it in 1935. In 1922, he successfully ran for the Board of Trustees and became the fifth mayor of Carmel. Newberry fought to preserve the unique and rural quality of Carmel before passing away in 1938.
Helen Parkes – Helen Parkes was one of the multi-faceted women who pepper the early history of Carmel. Her accomplishments include stints on the city council and the first planning commission, service as assistant postmistress, botany instructor at Cedar Croft, and reader of the Christian Science Church. She was one of the first members of the Forest Theater Society, and wrote and produced one of its plays, The Columbine. In many of her activities she was joined by her lifelong friend, Stella Vincent.
Earl Percy Parkes – One of the early builders of Carmel, Parkes counted among his commissions the Seven Arts Building erected for Herbert Heron, the Corner Cupboard or Drummage’s Drive-in Market, and Monte Verde Inn. He also built a residence for Jo Mora on San Carlos 3 southwest of First Avenue, and a home for Charles Sumner Greene on Monte Verde between Thirteenth and Santa Lucia Avenues.
Ralph Pearson – Pearson, a noted etcher, moved to Carmel from New Mexico during the 1920s.
Charles Rollo Peters – Born in San Francisco on April 10, 1862, Peters left the insurance business to become an artist in 1885. Following five years of study in San Francisco and Paris, he settled on the Monterey Peninsula. Peter’s home was a gathering place for other artists when he was not working. He died in 1928.
Frank Powers – Generally credited as one of the founders of Carmel, Powers and James Franklin Devendorf became partners in the Carmel Development Company in 1903. An attorney, Powers loved nature and the arts. He maintained the old Murphy property on San Antonio as a vacation home for his family.
Jane Gallatin Powers – Married to Frank Powers, Jane Powers was a painter and a founding member of the Arts and Crafts Club. She was the daughter of one of California’s wealthiest industrialists, Albert Gallatin, and the sister-in-law of Ernest Seton Thompson.
Ira Remsen – An artist, Ira Remsen was a New Yorker who had studied painting in Paris. His studio on Dolores Street became the permanent home for the Carmel Art Association in 1933, five years after the artist himself had committed suicide. During his residency in Carmel (on the Highlands), Remsen was active in the Arts and Crafts Club, the Carmel Art Association, and the Forest Theater.
William Ritschel – Marine landscape artist Ritschel was born in Nuremberg, Bavaria in 1864. He came to United States in 1895 and settled in New York City. Having later visited Carmel, he returned in 1918 Attachment 4
112
to build his “Castle” in the Highlands with the help of a Spanish stone mason. Ritschel was a founder the Carmel Art Association and a National Academician. His second wife was Elanora Havel.
Dane Rudhyar – Musician and philosopher, Rudhyar moved to Carmel during the 1920s.
Frederick Preston Search – An accomplished cellist and composer, Search and his wife established their home on the corner of Thirteenth and Monte Verde in 1914. From 1920 to 1933 he directed the orchestra at the Del Monte Hotel. Later he lived on Jamesburg Road in the Carmel Valley.
Catherine Comstock Seideneck – Seideneck was the daughter of Nellie Comstock, the patron of the Carmel Art Institute, and the sister of Hugh Comstock. She taught leather work at the School of Fine Arts at the University of California at Berkeley and later at the Carmel Arts and Crafts Summer School.
George Seideneck – Seideneck was born in Czechoslovakia in 1885. He moved to Chicago as a young man where he studied at the Art Institute and later became a commercial illustrator. Upon moving to California, Seideneck was a long time staff artist with the coastal laboratories of the Carnagie Institute as well as photographer and artist of landscapes and portraits. He belonged to the group which formed the Carmel Art Association and became its first president. His other cultural activities included the Carmel Music Society. Seideneck designed the walls and corners of Devendorf Park. He and his wife Catherine opened their studio in the Studio Building on Ocean Avenue August 17, 1922 and built their home in the Carmel Valley.
Father Junipero Serra – Serra was born in Petra on the Isle of Mallorca on November 24, 1713. He entered the Order of Saint Francis at a young age. At thirty-six, he was sent to Mexico where he was a missionary for nineteen years before being sent to California to establish a chain of missions. He arrived on the shores of the Monterey Bay in 1770 with the Portola exhibition and established the Carmel Mission. Serra went on to establish seven more missions and died on August 28, 1784.
William Posey Silva – An artist, Silva built the Carmelita Gallery on San Antonio north of Ocean Avenue.
Louis Slevin – An avid photographer, Slevin held the first of many posts in Carmel. A man of many facets, Slevin was a shopkeeper, postmaster, city treasurer, writer, and stamp collector, collector of rare books, and maritime historian. Ranging from 1899 to 1935, Slevin’s photographs provide important documentation of the changes in the Monterey Bay area.
Robert Stanton – Carmel architect Robert Stanton was the designer of many notable buildings in the Monterey and Santa Cruz area. A native of Torrance, California, Stanton worked for the architect Wallace Neff as a traveling superintendent during the early 1930s. In 1934, he moved to Carmel which he had developed a liking for during his honeymoon at the Highland Inn twelve years earlier. His first commission in the area was the Salinas County Courthouse in 1935. He also designed some sixteen hospitals and forty schools.
Lincoln Steffens – Political writer and social critic, Steffens was born on April 6, 1866 in San Francisco.
He received a Ph.D. from the University of California. He became a “muckraking” reporter and held several editorial positions with magazines including McClure’s Magazine and American Magazine. He and his wife, Ella Winter, moved into a cottage on San Antonio near Ocean during the 1920s where he wrote his autobiography and edited the Pacific Weekly.
George Sterling – Poet George Sterling came to California in 1890 from Sag Harbor Long Island. He studied for the priesthood for three years, then left to work for his uncle, Frank Havens, as an insurance Attachment 4
113
Agent. He married Carrie Rand and settled in Piedmont. His friend, Ambrose Bierce, helped him publish his first collection of poems in 1903. Jack London introduced him to Mary Austin who in turn introduced him to Carmel in the summer of 1905. He built a house in the Eighty Acres on Torres between Tenth and Eleventh. Sterling committed suicide in 1926.
Joyce Stevens – An artist, architect and environmentalist, Joyce Stevens worked as a watercolorist before earning an architecture degree at the University of Washington. After working for several firms in Alaska, she designed a building at Ladd Air Force Base near Fairbanks. She arrived in the Monterey Area in 1962, designing several buildings at Fort Ord. By 1964, she resided in Carmel, designing a modernist home for herself. A devoted Conservationist, Joyce Stevens coauthored the book, “Coastal California’s Legacy: the Monterey Pine Forest,” in 2011 as part of her decades-long effort to preserve the area’s native pine forests. She succeeded and in 2014, the Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District purchased the 851-acre Rancho Aguajito property and dedicated it as the Joyce Stevens Monterey Pine Forest Preserve.160
Saidee Van Brower – Saidee Van Brower was first elected city clerk in 1920 and won every bid for reelection thereafter. A dance instructor in Berkeley, Van Brower was one of the many artistic-minded people who moved to Carmel in 1907. She performed in the Forest Theater productions as well as directed the corps de ballet.
Stella Vincent – Like her close friend Helen Parkes, Stella Vincent was prominent in several aspects of village life. Librarian from 1911 until 1915, she was assistant postmistress during the tenure of I.E.
Payne and assumed the principal post in 1918, serving until 1929. She was one of the founding members of the Forest Theater Society, was an officer of the Bank of Carmel established in 1923, and was an early member of the Christian Science Church.
Grace Wallace – Wallace moved to Carmel during the 1920s and lived at “Wee Gables” on Camino Real near Thirteenth. She was known for her plays Sun Gazers and Poorest of the Poor.
Hazel Watrous – Watrous was a supervisor for the Alameda school system. She moved to Carmel in 1924 with her companion Dene Denny, who she met at Berkeley. They first built a studio on North Dolores, which Watrous also designed. From 1927 to 1928 they leased the Golden Bough Playhouse from Edward Kuster and presented eighteen plays. They formed the Denny Watrous Gallery in 1928 which sponsored concerts and art exhibitions. They also co-founded the Back Festival in 1935. In addition to being active in drama, music and art, they designed thirty-six houses in Carmel. Watrous also served on the city council.
Florence Wells – Wells came to Carmel in 1908. She was one-time president of San Francisco Women’s Press Club. Wells owned and built the first house on the Point, “The Driftwood.” Edward Weston – A nationally recognized photographer, Weston moved to Carmel in 1929 and established a small studio to support his children. In 1932 Weston, along with Ansel Adams, was one of the seven founding members of the F/64 Club which promoted straight photography as a true art form.
Weston is best known for his interpretations of the natural environment (Point Lobos, Big Sur, Carmel Valley and the Southwest) and for his insightful portraiture. In 1937 he relocated to a small cabin built by his son above Wild Cat Creek in Big Sur.
George W. Whitcomb – Born in 1898, Whitcomb was one of the builders who shaped early Carmel. Like many of his contemporaries in Carmel, he was not formally trained as an architect; rather, he had been an
160 “Ninety Years of Life – and 60 Years of Conservation,” Carmel Pine Cone, 1/27/2017.
Attachment 4
114
instructor in mechanical drawing and manual training in Minnesota before coming to Carmel. His first local project was the Hagemeyer studio and home, now the Forest Lodge on Mountain View, in the 1920s.
Paul and Kit Whitman – The Whitmans helped found the Carmel Art Institute in 1937.
Michael Williams – One-time city editor of the San Francisco Examiner. Williams moved to Carmel after the San Francisco earthquake. He was noted for his collaboration with Upton Sinclair on two books in 1908 as well as his own books, The Little Flower of Carmel and The Little Brother Francis of Assisi.
Harry Leon Wilson – Author of The Spenders and The Lions of the Lord and contributing editor of the Puck in New York, Wilson was one of the first writers to move to Carmel along with George Sterling.
His home, known as “Ocean Home,” was located near Sterling’s in the Eighty Acres.
Fannie Yard – The wife of Artist Sidney Yard, she was the director of Cedar Croft, the Arts and Crafts Club Summer School.
Attachment 4
115
9.9 Biographical Information on Architects Working in Carmel between 1940 and 1986 Miles Bain - Designer/builder Miles Bain is best known for building Frank Lloyd Wright’s Walker House and the Nathaniel Owings House. Bain arrived to Carmel in the 1920s to work as an estimator for contractor George Mark Whitcomb.161 In the 1930s, Bain earned his own contractor license and constructed a number of houses in Carmel. After WWII, Bain and Whitcomb partnered up again to work for Bechtel Corporation, building oil-pumping stations in Saudi Arabia. Upon his return to Carmel, Bain received building commissions for the residences of Frank Lloyd Wright, Nathaniel Owings, Ansel Adams, and Neil Weston. Bain’s Carmel office was listed in 1963 City Directories.
Richard Barrett - Born in 1943, Richard Barrett received a Master of Architecture degree from Yale University and worked for the San Francisco office of Skidmore Owings & Merrill for several years and moved to Monterey, where he was employed for Hall & Goodhue (now HGHB Architects). While employed at Hall & Goodhue, he designed the Roman House on Junipero Avenue in 1973. In 1976 he established his own practice in Carmel-by-the-Sea and continues to practice in 2022. His modernist designs reflect his principle that modern buildings should harken to past romantic movements and should not all reflect the harshness of the International Style. More recent houses utilize modern interpretations of buildings from the English Arts & Crafts Movement. Additional commissions in Carmel include The Sweeney House (1976) on Mission Street south of Thirteenth Avenue, and the MacKenzie House (1979) on Eight Avenue north of Santa Fe Street.162
Carl Bensberg - An architect, is shown in City Directories as residing in Carmel from 1947 through 1963.
Ernest and Richard Bixler - Ernest Bixler (1898-1978) was a prominent builder/contractor in Carmel in the 1940s and 1950s. Bixler was introduced to the contracting business from his father and was trained as a carpenter in Oakland.163 He began working as a builder in Carmel and Pebble Beach in 1940 while serving as Carmel’s Postmaster. After WWII, Bixler served on Carmel’s Planning Commission at a time when the community’s zoning standards were in a state of flux. He retired from contracting in 1966. His own residence in Carmel is a hipped roof, California Ranch style building. Bixler is listed in City Directories as residing in Carmel at the southwest corner of Eleventh Avenue and Junipero from 1947 to 1963.
George Brook-Kothlow – A Minnesota native, George Andrew Brook-Kothlow (1934-2012) graduated from the University of Colorado, Boulder with a degree in architecture. Following graduation, he trained for several years with Frank Lloyd Wright’s granddaughter, Elizabeth Wright-Ingraham, and with San Francisco architect Warren Callister. He moved to Big Sur in 1966 and designed his first home there in what would be termed “Bohemian Modern,” a design idiom that emanated from the Beat movement in the 1960s/1970s that emphasized a return to the land via handmade houses of natural materials that embraced the natural environment. His typical houses were designed under Wrightian Organic architectural principles combined with the use of exposed structural elements and Redwood sheathing. His buildings would be constructed “from the ground up,” using salvaged and on-site materials, such as reclaimed wood taken from demolished railroad trestles. An example of his Carmel designs is a house on Seventh Avenue east of Forest Road.164
161 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Mary D. Crile House, 2. 162 Carmel Modernism, Exhibit by the Monterey Area Architectural Resources Archive (MAARA), Carl Cherry Center for the Arts, Carmel-by-the-Sea, 2017. “Richard Barrett (Biography),” MAARA archives. 163 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Ernest Bixler House, 2. 164 “George Andrew Brook-Kothlow (obituary),” Monterey Peninsula Herald, 9/23/2012. Richard Olsen, “In Memory of George Brook-Kothlow, Architect.
Attachment 4
116
Burde, Shaw & Associates –Walter Burde (FAIA) graduated from the Miami University (Ohio) School of Architecture in 1934 and began his career locally designing hospitals and residences in the Toledo, Ohio area. Following World War II, he began his private practice in 1950, as chief designer for Robert Jones, AIA, aiding design in the award winning Monterey Airport. Walter Burde has won numerous architectural awards, including the American Institute of Architects (AIA) National Honor Award (1969), the Governor’s Design Award (1966), the Monterey Bay Chapter Awards of Merit (1959 and 1976), and became a Fellow at the American Institute of Architects in 1987. His work has been published in numerous architectural journals. Walter Burde was active in the local community and held every office in the Monterey Bay Chapter of the AIA, receiving the Robert Stanton, FAIA award in recognition of his outstanding service. He designed numerous commercial, civic and residential buildings in the region and collaborated with fellow architect Will Shaw under the firm name Burde Shaw Associates. 165
Born in Los Angeles in 1924, William Vaughn Shaw (FAIA) received his Bachelor of Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley in 1950. Shortly thereafter, he moved to Carmel, where he established his own firm. Will Shaw was admitted to the American Institute of Architects in 1957, served as president of the local Monterey Chapter in 1964 and was awarded his fellowship to the AIA in 1984. Will Shaw was active in local community development and served in various civic capacities. In 1978 Will Shaw, along with Ansel Adams and Fred Farr, founded the Big Sur Foundation, dedicated to the preservation of the Big Sur coastal environment.
Walter Burde joined Will Shaw’s practice in Carmel, California in 1953 when the latter renamed the firm Burde, Shaw and Kearns, Associates (later Burde Shaw Associates). The partners developed a symbiotic partnership, with Walter Burde reportedly being the more artistic of the two partners and Will Shaw the pragmatist. The firm designed numerous successful and significant commercial, civic and residential projects in the greater Monterey Peninsula area. In Carmel, significant commercial buildings include the Palo Alto-Salinas Savings and Loan Association building on the corner of Dolores Street and Seventh Avenue (1972); and the Shell Oil Gas Station on the corner of San Carlos Street and Fourth Avenue (1963). The latter project received a Governor’s Design Award in 1966 for its outstanding design.166 In 1969, the partners split the two firm offices, with Walter Burde retaining the Carmel office; and Will Shaw retaining the Monterey office. However, the two continued to collaborate both professionally and in their various civic endeavors.
Thomas Church - One of the leading American Modernist landscape architects active from the 1930s to the 1970s, Thomas Church is known for his pioneering Modern garden designs that were appropriated to the local environment and climate. His design approach influenced the next generation of landscape architects, including Garrett Eckbo, Robert Royston, Lawrence Halprin, Theodore Osmundson, and Douglas Baylis, acknowledged as pioneers of the “California Style” of landscape design.167 Church was educated at the University of California and Harvard, where he became fascinated with issues of California’s climate and outdoor living. 168 By 1930 Church had established his own practice in San Francisco, the neoclassical style was the prevailing approach in landscape and city planning design.
Church’s unique approach towards unifying building and landscape with particular attention towards climate context and lifestyle gave birth to Modern landscape design and planning. Church and William
165 Janick, Richard and Kent Seavey, Celebrating Walter Burde, F.A.I.A., unpublished manuscript, MAARA archives; Walter Burde, FAIA Nomination Application, 1987, MAARA archives. 166. “Architects Saluted for Design,” Monterey Peninsula Herald, 12/26/66. “Architect Association Honors 2 Peninsulans,” Monterey Peninsula Herald, 4/18/84.
167 Corbett, 19.
168 Marc Treib, editor. Modern Landscape Architecture: A Critical Review, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1992, 169.
Attachment 4
117
Wurster, of Wurster, Bernardi and Emmons, were close friends and collaborated on many house and garden projects throughout their careers.169
Elston and Cranston (Thomas S. Elston and William L. Cranston) - The architectural firm of Elston and Cranston made significant contributions to the post-WWII architectural character of Carmel with their Modernist residential work that reflect the Bay Area regionalist styles popular during their time.170 Born in Manila, Philippines and educated in the U.S., William L. Cranston (1918-1986) received his architectural degree from Princeton University.171 After World War II, Cranston arrived to Carmel and worked for developer Frank Lloyd designing speculative housing. In 1948, Cranston partnered with Thomas S. Elston, a fellow speculative housing designer. Cranston was President of the Monterey Bay Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and a member of the Carmel Valley Master Plan Committee.172 The firm is also known for their school designs in the region. Their design for the Carmel Middle School won the Northern California AIA Merit Award in 1963.173 Examples of Cranston’s work in Carmel include the L. L. Spillers Guest Cottage and the house for Dr. and Mrs. Chester Magee.174 Cranston is listed in City Directories as residing in Carmel from 1947 to 1963.
Olof Dahlstrand (1916-2014) –Born in Wisconsin, Olof Dahlstrand graduated with a degree in architecture from Cornell University in 1939. After designing buildings for the defense industry during World War II, he relocated to the San Francisco Bay area where he designed seven buildings in the Wrightian Organic idiom for individual clients. He established his architectural practice in Carmel in 1960, designing residences, schools and commercial buildings, including the 1966 Carmel Valley Shopping Center and the Wells Fargo Savings Bank (1964), extant on Dolores Street in Carmel and an example of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Organic architectural style. Dahlstrand was an active participant in Carmel’s community, having served on both the planning commission and city council. He retired in 1984, but he continued to do renderings for other architects in the latter part of his career.175 Gardner Dailey – Daily was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University, and Heald’s College of Engineering. Dailey established his practice in San Francisco in 1926, embracing many of the stylistic tenets of the Bay Area traditions exemplified in his design of the Miller House in Carmel. One of the leading architects in the region at that time, Dailey reviewed building plans for Samuel Morse and the Del Monte Corporation of Pebble Beach.176 His work was featured in House and Home in February 1954 in which the Dailey’s three design guidelines, verticality, rhythm and outdoor enclosure, were upheld as the lessons to make “any house more livable.” In Carmel Gardner Dailey designed his own house on Ocean Avenue near Carpenter Street.177 Gordon Drake (1917-1952) – Born in Childress, Texas in 1917, Gordon Drake graduated with an architecture degree from the University of Southern California in 1941. His early influences were the work of Harwell Hamilton Harris and Carl Birger Troedsson. He designed his first structure as a U.S.
Marines combat leader during World War II and worked at designing affordable houses for veterans following the war. The latter effort was an attempt to develop an architectural training and construction
169 Corbett, 12.
170 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, L. L. Spillers Guest Cottage, 2. 171 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, L. L. Spillers Guest Cottage, 2. 172 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, L. L. Spillers Guest Cottage, 3. 173 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, L. L. Spillers Guest Cottage, 3. 174 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Dr. & Mrs. Chester Magee, 2. 175 Olaf Dahlstrand biography, Carmel Modernism, 2017. “Olaf Dahlstrand (obituary), Monterey Peninsula Herald, 7/22/2014. “Olaf Dahlstrand (1916-2014),” Environmental Design Archives, University of California, Berkeley:
https://archives.ced.berkeley.edu/collections/dahlstrand-olof. 176 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Gardner A. Dailey House. 177 House & Home, February 1954, 124-129.
Attachment 4
118
school for World War II veterans that designed simple houses along modernist design principles. When he relocated to northern California in 1951 he planned to develop the training program in earnest; however, he died in a skiing accident in 1952.178
John H. Gamble – John Howard Gamble began his design career in Monterey California in 1948. During his lifetime he created hundreds of designs for homes and commercial structures on the Monterey Peninsula. A licensed California architect, his work has been featured in Architectural Digest and many other architectural periodicals. John moved his offices to Carmel, California in 1957, where he formed John Gamble and Associates with John Cocker, a Pebble Beach architect. His son, John Beeson Gamble continues to design in the region today. John H. Gamble’s homes were designed along modernist styles, includin g Wrightian Organic and Regional Expressionist styles, modern, rarely varying from this paradigm. His Carmel projects include the Jerome Politzer House on Mission Street northeast of Tenth Avenue and the Lillian Lim House (1965) on Dolores Street at the SE corner of Second Avenue.179 Donald Goodhue (FAIA) – Donald Goodhue received his Masters Degree from Harvard University in 1956. Following graduation, worked for the San Francisco office of Skidmore Owings and Merrill before moving to Carmel to work under Olof Dahlstrand from 1958 – 1959. In 1960, Donald Goodhue opened his own firm, teaming with cofounder Gordon Hall, forming the firm of Hall and Goodhue (later Hall Goodhue Haisley and Barker, or HGHB) in Monterey. Donald Goodhue was director of the Monterey Bay Chapter of the American Institute of Architects in 1970 and 1975. He was awarded Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1987. The firm worked extensively on the Monterey Peninsula, developing master plans and architectural designs for a diverse client base. Architectural projects include the Carmel Center Shopping Center, the Monterey Savings and Loan Building (Salinas), and the Customs House Urban Renewal Plan. In Carmel-by-the-Sea, the firm designed the Harrison Memorial Library annex.180
Roger and Lee Gottfried - Roger Gottfried, an architect, is listed as a resident in Carmel City Directories from 1947 through 1963.
Albert Henry Hill (1913-1984) – Hill is a prominent figure in California architectural history for his contributions towards the emergence of the Second Bay Tradition style, which combined elements of the International Style with regional and vernacular influences.181 Born in England and educated at University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard University, Hill studied under Bauhaus proponents, Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer.182 Hill worked with John Ekin Dinwiddie and Eric Mendelssohn in San Francisco in the late 1940s prior to establishing his private practice in Carmel and San Francisco. His partnership with architect Jack Kruse produced a number of “weekend houses” in Carmel, characterized by sharp and angular forms, use of traditional materials, and integration of the house into its local setting.183 The partnership lasted until Hill’s death in 1984.184 Hill moved to Carmel in 1971, designing numerous homes throughout the region and serving on Carmel’s planning commission.185 Hill’s Carmel modernist houses
178 MAARA archives and “Drake, Gordon (1917-1952),” Environmental Design Archives, University of California, Berkeley: https://archives.ced.berkeley.edu/collections/drake-gordon. 179 “John H. Gamble (obituary),” Monterey Peninsula Herald, 11/6/1997. 180 Seavey, Kent and Richard Janick, Donald Goodhue, FAIA (Unpublished Manuscript), Monterey Area Architectural Resources Archives (MAARA).
181 Dave Weinstein, “Flamboyant modernism: Henry Hill’s stellar taste and love for the arts is reflected in the homes he designed,” in San Francisco Chronicle, 11 June 2005. 182 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Henry Hill House, 2. 183 Progressive Architecture, “Three Weekend Houses,” August 1962, 120-125. 184 Progressive Architecture, “Three Weekend Houses,” August 1962, 120-125. 185 Monica Hudson, Images of America: Carmel-by-the-Sea, Arcadia Publishing, 2006, 122.
Attachment 4
119
include the three “Weekend Houses” (Vacation, Kruse and Cosmas houses - 1962) on Lopez Avenue north of Fourth Avenue, the Vivian Homes House (1962) on Mountain View Avenue and the Golub House (1972) on San Antonio Avenue.
Robert Jones (1911-1989) –A Carmel architect for 50 years, Robert R. Jones designed numerous residences and commercial buildings in the Monterey region Born in Berkeley in 1911, he was educated at the University of California, Berkeley before locating on the Monterey Peninsula to work for architect Robert Stanton. Jones opened his own architectural practice in 1939 designing house plans for war housing and FHA apartments. By the war’s end, Jones opened additional offices in Merced and Oxnard.
On the Peninsula, his firm designed 27 canneries and reduction plants, as well as public buildings in Carmel and Pacific Grove, including an addition to the Pacific Grove Library. Jones designed several buildings the Monterey Peninsula Airport. His modernist design for the Monterey Airport Administration Building was considered won a major design award from the Smithsonian Institute. He also designed the Elk Lodge in Monterey. In Carmel, he designed the All Saints Episcopal Church and the Carmel Youth Center. Jones also designed a number of houses in the region and developed a signature, flat-roofed Modern style.
Paffard Keatinge-Clay (Born 1926) – Born in England in 1926, Paffard Keatinge-Clay moved to the United States, where he apprenticed with several important architects, such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier and the firm of Skidmore Owings and Merrill. His modernist designs in the San Francisco Bay area include an addition to the San Francisco Art Institute and the Student Union Building at San Francisco State University. As a Taliesen apprentice with Frank Lloyd Wright in Arizona, Keatinge-Clay designed the 1952 meditation room at the Carl Cherry Center for the Arts in Carmel.186 Jon Konigshofer (1906-1990) – Konigshofer began his career in the office of local designer, M.J.
Murphy, a practitioner of the more traditional styles popular in Carmel during the first half of the twentieth century.187 Konigshofer was an adherent of Frank Lloyd Wright and applied Wright’s philosophies to the houses he designed in Carmel. Through the use of inexpensive materials and effective budgeting, Konigshofer eventually became known for the minimalism and affordability of his designs, and is regarded as one of the foremost pioneers of Modernism in Carmel. The Monterey Peninsula Herald described Konigshofer – along with M.J. Murphy and Hugh Comstock – as having “influenced house design [in Carmel] more than any other.” Similar to Frank Lloyd Wright and Hugh Comstock, Konigshofer was neither licensed nor degreed in architecture, yet his buildings, according to the Herald, “attracted as much comment and praise in the architectural world as those designed by many a high ranking degreed architect.”188 Jon Konigshofer’s buildings include the Robert Buckner House (1947), the house at Thirteenth and Scenic (Kip Silvey), the house at Santa Lucia and Casanova (E.S. Hopkins), the Sand and Sea development (1941) on San Antonio Avenue, and the Keith Evans House (1948) on Franciscan Way.
John (‘Jack’) Walter Kruse (1918-2000) - Formed a partnership with prominent Carmel architect Albert Henry Hill in 1948 after having worked together in the San Francisco office of influential European Modernist architect, Eric Mendelssohn. Hill was known to have been the principal designer and Kruse the engineer.189 The firm of Hill and Kruse was based in San Francisco and designed over 500 commercial and residential buildings. His partnership with architect Henry Hill produced a number of residences in Carmel, characterized by sharp and angular forms, use of traditional materials, and integration of the
186 Seavey, Kent. Carl Cherry Center for the Arts (DPR523 Form), 2001, 4. Kent Seavey, Paffard Keatinge-Clay (unpublished manuscript), MAARA archives.
187 “Modern Style in Carmel Brings Cries of Anguish.”
188 “Carmel’s Architecture Both Interesting and Livable.” 189 Monica Hudson, Images of America: Carmel-by-the-Sea, Arcadia Publishing, 2006, 123.
Attachment 4
120
house into its local setting, an example being Walter Kruse’s house, one of three designs by Hill and Kruse on Lopez Avenue.
190 The partnership lasted until Hill’s death in 1984.191 Frank Lloyd - Local builder Lloyd and his family arrived in Carmel in 1911 at which time his family bought a block of property along San Carlos Street. Lloyd was educated at McGill University in Montreal, Canada where he received his Bachelor of Arts. Upon returning to Carmel in 1934, Lloyd decided to permanently settle there and built a house on his family’s property. Lloyd held various jobs throughout the 1930s and 1940s from fisherman to writer for local newspapers. He constructed 12 houses in Carmel after WWII, some designed by himself, and others designed by the architectural firm of Elston and Cranston. An active member of the community, Lloyd was a member of the Carmel Citizens Committee, an environmentalist, and elected official to the Carmel City Council.192 Rowan Perkins Maiden (1913-1957) – An architect and student of Frank Lloyd Wright, Maiden apprenticed at Taliesen West from 1939 to 1941. He settled in New Monterey on Huckleberry Hill in 1948 and designed several residences for artists in the area. Although steeped in Wright’s Organic architectural philosophy, he designed modernist homes in his own vision of the style. His design in Carmel for Dorothy Green Chapman (on the Inventory of Historic Resources) was featured in Sunset Magazine in 1952 and House Beautiful in 1957. Maiden’s most visible work is his design for Nepenthe Restaurant in Big Sur, completed just before his untimely death after falling off a roof in 1957. His Carmel commissions include the Chapman House (1949) on San Antonio Avenue southeast of Fourth Avenue.193
Clarence Mayhew - Born in 1907, Mayhew was educated at the University of California, Berkeley.194 He was employed in the San Francisco office of prominent early twentieth century architects, Miller and Pflueger, before opening his own private practice in 1934. Some of his most significant work was designed from 1934-1942. Some of his inspirations derived from the traditional craftsmanship of Japanese architecture, which led him to write the article, “The Japanese Influence,” for the 1949 catalogue of the “Domestic Architecture of the San Francisco Bay Region” exhibit.195 In Carmel, Mayhew designed the Helen Proctor House (1948) on Scenic Road near Eleventh Avenue. Mayhew retired in 1955.196 Mark Mills (1921-2007) - A native of Arizona, Mills completed his Bachelor of Science in architectural engineering at the University of Colorado prior to working in the offices of Frank Lloyd Wright as a Taliesin Fellow from 1944-1948.197 As a Taliesin Fellow, Mills worked on such projects as the Johnson Wax Building in Wisconsin. Mills eventually moved to San Francisco to work for the firm of Anshen + Allen. Other pioneering works of Modernism include his dome house in Cave Creek, Arizona designed with architect Paolo Soleri and the Eichler homes for Anshen + Allen architects in San Francisco in 1950.
Mills’ designs for the Marcia Mills House (1952) and Fairfield House (1953) on Mission Street and Rio Road in Carmel demonstrate Wrightian influences in the use of local building materials, an abstract plan, and landscape setting. His sculptural design of a residence for an artist in Carmel, featuring intersecting
190 Progressive Architecture, “Three Weekend Houses,” August 1962, 120-125. 191 Progressive Architecture, “Three Weekend Houses,” August 1962, 120-125. 192 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Frank Lloyd House, 3. 193 “Rowan P. Maiden (obituary),” Carmel Pine Cone, 1/17/1957. “Mrs. Chapman Works to Preserve Carmel,” Monterey Peninsula Herald, 4/9/1964.
194 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Helen I. Proctor House, 2. 195 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Helen I. Proctor House, 2. 196 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Helen I. Proctor House, 2. 197 NorCalMod, 282.
Attachment 4
121
barrel vaults and a sprayed Gunite exterior, was widely published and praised in 1972. Mills remained in Carmel and worked until his death in 2007.198
Charles Willard Moore (1925-1993) – Born in Benton Harbor, Michigan, Charles Moore received a bachelor’s degree in architecture from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1947. He traveled extensively, first in Europe, then in Japan while he served in the Army Corps of Engineers during the Korean conflict. He earned a master’s degree and fine art doctorate from Princeton in 1957, writing his master’s thesis on Monterey Adobe architecture. Moore relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area where he became a partner in the firm Moore, Lyndon and Turnbull – famous for their Third Bay Region residential designs at Sea Ranch (1966) in Sonoma County, which won numerous awards, both locally and from the American Institute of Architects. He designed numerous residential and commercial buildings, many steeped in a Bay Region modernist style. His final design was for the Dart Wing addition to the Monterey Museum of Art at La Mirada in 1992. Steeped in an understanding of architectural history, Moore spoke often about not replicating historic architectural designs, noting that such a practice gives a “movie set air” to the region’s genuine historic buildings. Charles Moore traveled and taught extensively throughout his career and served as chair of the architecture department at the University of California, Berkeley from 1962 to 1965. He also taught at Yale, Princeton and UCLA. The American Institute of Architects awarded him a Gold Medal in 1991. In Carmel, Moore designed the Warren Saltzman House (1966) on Palou Avenue.199
Athanase Nastovic (1888-1965) – A native of Belgrade, Serbia, Athanase N. Nastovic taught at the architecture department of Moscow University. He immigrated to Oakland, California with his wife, Olga in 1924 where the architect began designing commercial and residential buildings, including an apartment building on Kempton Avenue, where he resided. In 1927, the Monterey Herald noted the architect’s design of a number of buildings in the Hatton Fields area of Carmel in period revival styles.
He received contracts for the design/build of additional Monterey-peninsula buildings, but he went bankrupt during the Great Depression. The last known West Coast reference to the architect’s work appeared in the Los Angeles Times in 1932, where his work was being displayed in a local exhibit. He passed away in Flushing Grove, New York in 1965 and is buried in Cedar Grove Cemetery.
Guy Rosebrook - Trained as an architect in various firms in San Francisco before obtaining licensure, Rosebrook worked for many years as the supervising architect of Standard Oil of New Jersey before returning to California during the Depression. In 1940, he moved to Salinas, where he designed Moderne style commercial buildings. One of his more notable works was a Spanish Revival style house for Maria Antonio Field on Highway 68. Many of Rosebrooks’ residential designs in Carmel are extant, though have been altered.200
Marcel Sedletzky - Known for a design aesthetic that reflected his Modernist European training and exposure to the forceful Modernism of Le Corbusier, as well as the effects of the natural environment that characterized the Craftsmen and Bay Area Traditions. Born in Russia, Sedletzky lived most of his life in Monterey, California and Mexico.201 In addition to his practice, Sedletzky played an important role in the architectural department at Cal-Poly, San Luis Obispo, and helped to establish the university’s reputation
198 “Mark Mills (obituary),” Monterey Peninsula Herald, 6/20/2007. Janey Bennett, The Fantastic Seashell of the Mind: The Architecture of Mark Mills (ORO Editions, 2017). 199 Muschamp, Herbert, “Charles Moore, Innovative Post-Modern Architect, is Dead at 68,” New York Times, 12/17/1993; “Architect Charles Moore Dies,” San Francisco Examiner, 12/17/1993; Steve Hauk, “The Man Who Made Architecture Fun,” Monterey Peninsula Herald, 1993. See also: Charles Moore Foundation: Biography, http://www.charlesmoore.org/who.html.
200 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Frances C. Johnson House, 2. 201 http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0625/next_week.html, accessed 28 March 2008.
Attachment 4
122
as a top architectural school on the West Coast.202 His design for the Esther M. Hill House in Carmel is the only known example of Sedletzky’s work in Carmel, and a representative example of the Third Bay Region Style.
David Allen Smith (Born 1935) – Born in 1935 in Detroit, Michigan, David Allen Smith earned an architecture degree from the University of Southern California. After working for several firms in Los Angeles, he moved to Carmel in 1956 to work for Burde Shaw and Associates. After opening his own firm, he designed numerous Bay Region-style modernist residences in Carmel and the Monterey Peninsula region, many of them published in architectural journals. His Garcia House in Carmel won an AIA Honor Award in 1976. His design for Reflections (1972) is a recent example of the Bay Region style constructed in Carmel.203
Edwin Snyder (1888-1969) - Born in Stockton, California, Edwin Lewis Snyder was educated at the University of California, Berkeley and the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Prior to establishing his own firm in Berkeley, Snyder worked in the offices of Day and Weeks, then one of the prominent San Francisco firms of the early twentieth-century, and the large real estate firm of Mason-McDuffie designing period revival homes. Snyder represented that group of architects who continued the traditional as opposed to modernist trends in design, as is evidenced in his Monterey Colonial Revival style design for the Spinning Wheel Restaurant in Carmel. 204
Robert Stanton - Trained as a contractor, Stanton arrived to Carmel in 1925. He was trained in the southern California office of architect Wallace Neff before returning to Carmel in 1936 to set up his own practice, housed in a Tudor Revival style French Norman chalet.205 Stanton had a profound influence in the region, training a generation of local architects. He helped establish the Monterey Bay Chapter of the American Institute of Architects in the 1950s, of which he was the first fellow.206 His many other community activities included serving as board member and president of the Monterey Peninsula Community Chest, president of the Monterey History and Art Association, the Monterey County Symphony Association, and the Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art.207 One of Stanton’s notable works in Carmel includes the Church of the Wayfarer on Lincoln and his own residence. Stanton is listed as residing in Carmel according to 1963 City Directories.
Ralph L Stean – Born in Massachusetts, Ralph Leo Stean (1918-2004) was leading building contractor for the Carmel Valley Fire District Station in 1948. Stean resided in Carmel Valley and constructed a number of post-adobe houses in the Carmel Valley region. Stean was the contractor for the hyperbolic-roofed Donna Hofsas House (1960) and resided at the property in the 1970s where he ran for City Council in 1976.208
Robert A. Stephenson – Born in Findley, Ohio, Robert Anderson Stephenson, AIA (1917-2012) studied architectural drafting at the University of Southern California and became a civilian draftsman for the United States Navy following graduation. Stephenson moved to Carmel in 1947 to work for the architect Robert Stanton and for Hugh Comstock briefly in the 1950s. He subsequently opened R.A. Stephenson Building Design, where he worked until his retirement in 1998. He was active in Carmel politics as a
202 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Esther M. Hill House, 2. 203 “David Allen Smith (unpublished biography),” MAARA archives. 204 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Spinning Wheel Restaurant, 2. 205 Monica Hudson, Images of America: Carmel-by-the-Sea, Arcadia Publishing, 2006, 84. 206 Monica Hudson, Images of America: Carmel-by-the-Sea, Arcadia Publishing, 2006, 84. 207 “Stanton to be honored by fellow architects,” Carmel Pine Cone, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Calif., 24 August 1972. 208 Richard Janick, Donna Hofsas House (DPR523 Form), 2002. “Wilder Files for Carmelo District; Three for Tularcitos,” Carmel Pine Cone, 3/14/52; “Twelve Candidates Vie for Three Seats,” Carmel Pine Cone, 2/26/76.
Attachment 4
123
member of the Planning Commission and later a City Council member. He was also active in Carmel’s music community and supported the Monterey County Symphony and the Carmel Bach Festival.
Stephenson designed homes in Carmel including his own residence at Forest Street and Eighth Avenue.209 John H. Thodos (1934 - 2009) –The son of Greek immigrants, John Harry Thodos earned a degree in architecture from the University of Oregon in 1960 and established his own firm in Portland, Oregon after working with Northwest Regional-style architect William Fletcher and Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM). He also served on the Portland Design Review Commission and the city’s Metropolitan Arts Commission. In the mid-1970’s, after rejecting a move back to his native Greece, he purchased a home in Carmel, despite having never visited previously, to use as a design studio, allowing him to get away one week per month from his Portland office. A few years after that, he purchased an empty lot on Scenic Road between Ocean Avenue and Eighth and proceeded to design and build a glass and wood home which eventually became known as the “Light House” that was widely published and won an AIA Honor Award. In 1989, Thodos moved his office to Carmel to live and work here full time. He was a modernist architect known for fitting buildings onto challenging sites and connecting indoor spaces to the outdoors with expansive, light-filled spaces. As a Carmel architect, John Thodos designed numerous awardwinning houses, as well as, commercial work in Carmel and the Monterey Peninsula area, winning 15 awards from the American Institute of Architects. His Carmel designs include the “Light House” on Scenic Road and the design for his private residence on Torres Street. These are excellent examples of his unique architectural style and can be seen as part of the Bay Region Modern-style idiom, taking the historical precedents of the Second- and Third- Bay Region influences a step further. In 2010, he was posthumously inducted into the AIA College of Fellows for design excellence. 210
George Thomson - Prior to forming his partnership with Joe Wythe, George Thomson worked in the offices of influential modernists Frank Lloyd Wright and Bruce Goff.211 Helen Warren - Although not an architect or designer by profession, Helen Warren’s design for her own house in Carmel illustrates the tradition of women working in the architectural profession in post-World War II Carmel.212 Most were not designers but real estate entrepreneurs and builders, such as Dene Denny and Hazel Watrous, contractors who designed approximately thirty residences in Carmel in the 1920s.213 Although not much information is available on Warren’s contribution to the architectural character of Carmel, her work is reflective of the times and demonstrates knowledge of using vernacular materials in the contemporary design traditions.
George Whitcomb – An architect, Whitcomb is listed in City Directories as a resident of Carmel from 1947 to 1963.
George Willox – An architect, Willox is listed in City Directories as a resident of Carmel from 1947 to 1963.
Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) - Considered one of the founding fathers of Modernism, Frank Lloyd Wright has influenced generations of architects through his early Prairie Style houses, exemplified by the Robie House in Chicago, and later with his design philosophy of “organic” architecture, exemplified by
209 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Robert A. Stephenson House, 2. “Robert Anderson Stephenson (1917-2012) Obituary,” The Salinas Californian, 2/27/12. 210 Thodos, Diane, “Remembering John Thodos, Award Winning Architect – 1934-2009,” MAARA archives. “John Harry Thodos Obituary, http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/John-Harry-Thodos-87248601; AIA Monterey Bay Arts and Architecture Lecture Series: Creating the Architecture of the Monterey Peninsula: John Thodos, FAIA presented by Erik Dyar, AIA (September 23, 2021). https;// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyUcqKXzjAk 211 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Norman Rial House, 2. 212 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Helen T. Warren House, 2. 213 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Helen T. Warren House, 2.
Attachment 4
124
Fallingwater in Bear Run, Pennsylvania. Wright’s extensive body of work included a number of building types, including schools, museums, offices, and hotels. In addition to these, Wright was also known for his design of interior features including furniture and stained glass windows. Other high-profile works throughout the U.S. include the Johnson Wax Headquarters building and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. The Walker House (1952) in Carmel is a representative example of Wright’s concept of “organic” architecture, with its use of native wood and stone materials, window patterns and careful siting. Wright influenced numerous Carmel architects, including Mark Mills and Jon Konigshofer.214 William Wurster (1895-1973) - Born in Stockton, California, William Wurster has been widely recognized as the father of “Everyday Modernism,” utilizing the vernacular architectural forms and materials of the California landscape in novel ways, particularly his residential designs in the 1930s to the 1950s.215 Educated at the University of California, Berkeley, Wurster began his career in the New York office of Delano and Aldrich, and subsequently in the San Francisco office of John Reid. He founded his own practice in 1924, and was later joined by Theodore Bernardi in 1934 and Donn Emmons in 1945. In addition to his practice, Wurster taught at MIT and the University of California, Berkeley. Wurster returned to California in 1950 and held the post of Dean of Architecture at U.C. Berkeley until 1963, where he is most well known for combining the architecture, landscape architecture and city and regional planning departments to create the College of Environmental Design. William Wurster, Theodore Bernardi, and Donn Emmons were named Fellows of the AIA and Wurster received the coveted AIA Gold Medal Award for lifetime achievement in 1969. The Dianthe Miller House, Nelson Nowell House, and Albert Merchant House in Carmel are representative examples of Wurster’s design aesthetic, mixing natural materials and new technologies. In Carmel, Wurster designed two houses on Scenic Rd.: the Nelson Nowell House (1947) and the Merchant House (1961). The Nelson Nowell House was featured in the First Museum Exhibition of Domestic Architecture of the San Francisco Bay region held at the San Francisco Museum of Art in 1946.216
Frank Wynkoop - Born in Denver, Colorado, Frank Wynkoop is known primarily for his school and public building designs and in the mid-twentieth century, had established offices throughout California, including San Carlos, San Francisco, Fresno, Bakersfield, and Carmel. Wynkoop’s best known work in Carmel was his sea house on Carmel Point. At the time of its construction in 1952, the building was the subject of much controversy with its U-shaped plan, lack of chimney and flue, and inverted, butterflyshaped roof.217 Joseph Henry Wythe (1920 - 2019) – Raised in San Jose and a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley with a degree in architecture, Joseph Wythe apprenticed under Bruce Goff at Oklahoma University before moving to Monterey in 1951. Following a meeting with Frank Lloyd Wright, Wythe became interested in the master’s Organic architectural designs and designed residences in partnership with George Thomsen. His best-known architectural design in Carmel is the Rial House at Lincoln Street and Fourth Avenue in 1963.218 Wythe also taught architecture at Monterey Peninsula College. After his marriage with Idaho native, Lois Renk, the couple relocated to Sandpoint, Idaho in 1977.
214 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Mrs. Clinton Walker House, 4. 215 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Helen Nelson Nowell House, 3-4. 216 Department of Parks and Recreation, Building, Structure, and Object Record, Helen Nelson Nowell House, 3-4. 217 Pete Gilman, “New Carmel Point House Has Many Novel Features,” 10 April 1952; https://digital.lib.washington.edu/php/architect/record.phtml?type=architect&architectid=410&showall=0&lname= Wynkoop&lcity=&lstateprov=&lcountry=&bionote=&award=&family=&nationality=United+States&birthdate=&d eathdate=; accessed 31 March 2008.
218 “Joseph Wythe biography, “Carmel Modernism (2017 exhibit at the Cherry Center for the Arts; Joseph Wythe obituary: https//lakeviewfuneral.com/obituaries/joseph-wythe/179/.
Attachment 4
125
9.10 Decision-Making Criteria
Section 17.32.040 of the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea’s Historic Preservation Ordinance establishes the eligibility criteria for listing on the City’s Inventory of Historic Resources. Of particular importance is Section 17.32.040.D, which addresses the criteria for properties that qualify under California Register Criterion 3 only. For consistency between the Historic Context Statement and the Historic Preservation Ordinance, Section 17.32.040 shall serve as the primary decision-making criteria when evaluating the eligibility of individual properties for the Inventory of Historic Resources. The information contained in the Significance sections (2.4.3, 3.4.3, 4.5.3, 5.6.3, and 6.5.3) at the end of each Theme is provided to supplement the decision-making criteria found in the Preservation Ordinance.
Attachment 4
CITYOF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA
HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD
RESOLUTION NO. 2022-010-HRB
A RESOLUTION OF THE HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA RECOMMENDING CITY COUNCIL APPROVAL OF AN UPDATE TO THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THESEA’S HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT FOR THE TWENTY-YEAR PERIOD OF 1966-1986 WHEREAS, the Context Statement is a vital tool in the City’s preservation program, used to establish a baseline of information against which the potential historic significance of a property is evaluated. The Context Statement is maintained as directed by the Carmel General Plan and Coastal Land Use Plan (General Plan/Coastal LUP G1-4, O1-14, P1-85) and the City Municipal Code (CMC 17.32.060); and
WHEREAS, the Historic Context Statement was first adopted in 1997 and was updated in 2008; and
WHEREAS, on April 4, 2022, the City authorized a contract with PAST Consultants, LLC to update the Historic Context Statement to include the twenty-year period 1966 to 1986; and WHEREAS, the update is funded by a $30,000 grant from the California Office of Historic Preservation; and
WHEREAS, on April 14, 2022, Historic Resources Board Chair Erik Dyar and Board member Kathryn Gualtieri were appointed as subcommittee members for the Historic Context Statement Update and met with PAST Consultants and Staff on April 29, June 10, and July 21, 2022; and
WHEREAS, on May 16, 2022 and June 20, 2022, public workshops were held and it was recommended that upon satisfying the grant funding requirements for PAST Consultants’ twenty-year (1966 to 1986) update, the City should pursue a more comprehensive “Phase II” update to refresh the entire document; and
WHEREAS, on July 18, 2022, the Historic Context Statement Working Draft was presented to the Historic Resources Board and all comments were considered for inclusion into the final document.
Attachment 5
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, THAT THE HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA DOES HEREBY accept the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea Historic Context Statement Update for the twenty-year period of 1966-1986 and recommends City Council adoption of the Update.
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED BY THE HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA this 15th day of August, 2022, by the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
APPROVED: ATTEST:
Erik Dyar, Chair Leah Young, Historic Resources Board Secretary Attachment 5
CITYOF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA
PLANNING COMMISSION
RESOLUTION NO. 2022-035-PC
A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA RECOMMENDING CITY COUNCIL APPROVAL OF AN UPDATE TO THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THESEA’S HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT FOR THE TWENTY-YEAR PERIOD OF 1966-1986 WHEREAS, the Historic Context Statement is a vital tool in the City’s preservation program, used to establish a baseline of information against which the potential historic significance of a property is evaluated. The Context Statement is maintained as directed by the Carmel General Plan and Coastal Land Use Plan (General Plan/Coastal LUP G1-4, O1-14, P1-85) and the City Municipal Code (CMC 17.32.060); and
WHEREAS, the Historic Context Statement was first adopted in 1997 and was updated in 2008; and
WHEREAS, on April 4, 2022, the City authorized a contract with PAST Consultants, LLC to update the Historic Context Statement to include the twenty-year period 1966 to 1986; and WHEREAS, the update is funded by a $30,000 grant from the California Office of Historic Preservation; and
WHEREAS, on April 14, 2022, Historic Resources Board Chair Erik Dyar and Board member Kathryn Gualtieri were appointed as subcommittee members for the Historic Context Statement Update and met with PAST Consultants and Staff on April 29, June 10, and July 21, 2022; and
WHEREAS, on July 18, 2022, the Historic Context Statement Working Draft was presented to the Historic Resources Board and all comments were considered for inclusion into the final document; and
WHEREAS, on August 15, 2022, the Historic Resources Board passed Resolution 2022- 010-HRB to accept the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea Historic Context Statement Update for the twenty-year period of 1966-1986 and recommend City Council adoption of the Update; and WHEREAS, the California Environmental Quality Act (California Public Resources Code §§ 21000, et seq., "CEQA"), together with State Guidelines (14 California Code Regulations §§ 15000, et seq., the "CEQA Guidelines") and City Environmental Regulations (CMC 17.60) require the review of certain projects for environmental impacts and preparation of environmental documents; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission finds that pursuant to CEQA regulations, the project will have no impact on the environment and is not considered a project requiring Attachment 6
compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (Section 21065 of the California Public Resources Code); and
WHEREAS, on October 12, 2022, the Planning Commission held a public hearing to receive public testimony, including without limitation, information provided to the Planning Commission by City staff and through public testimony; and WHEREAS, notice of the public hearing was published on October 30, 2022 in the Carmel Pine Cone in compliance with State law (California Government Code 65091); and WHEREAS, the facts set forth in the recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by reference.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, THAT THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA DOES HEREBY accepts the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea Historic Context Statement Update for the twenty-year period of 1966-1986 and recommends the City Council adopt the Update in a manner fully in conformity with the Coastal Act (CA Section 30510).
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED BY THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA this 12th day of October, 2022, by the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
APPROVED: ATTEST:
Michael LePage, Chair Leah Young, Planning Commission Secretary Attachment 6
CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA
CITY COUNCIL
Staff Report
December 6, 2022
PUBLIC HEARINGS
TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
SUBMITTED BY: Marnie R. Waffle, AICP, Principal Planner APPROVED BY: Chip Rerig, City Administrator
SUBJECT:
Consideration of a Mills Act Contract Application, MA 21-238 (L’Auberge Carmel Hotel), submitted by Mr. David Fink on behalf of Esperanza Carmel Commercial, LLC for the L’Auberge Carmel Hotel located on Monte Verde Street 2 northeast of 7th Avenue in the Residential and Limited Commercial (RC) Zoning District - Applicant request for continuance to a date uncertain RECOMMENDATION:
Consider a request from the applicant for further continuance of Mills Act Historical Property Contract MA 21-238 (L’Auberge Carmel) for the historic “Sundial Lodge” now known as the L’Auberge Carmel Hotel located on Monte Verde Street 2 northeast of 7th Avenue (APN 010-191-005) and authorize the City Administrator to execute the contract.
BACKGROUND/SUMMARY:
Continuance Request
After the public notice had been published, the City received a request from the applicant, David Fink, to remove this item from the December agenda and further continue it to a date uncertain. Due to the notice being published, this item could not be pulled from the agenda. Therefore, Council is being asked to consider this request for further continuance first. This provides for two options:
1. If Council chooses to grant the request for continuance, staff will continue to work with the applicant to return at a future date.
2. If Council chooses not to grant this request for further continuance, they can consider and take action on the application due to the fact that it was properly noticed and the staff report below has been included in the public agenda.
Staff Report
The project site is located on Monte Verde Street 2, northeast of 7th Avenue in the Residential and Limited Commercial (RC) District. The existing hotel is known as L’Auberge Carmel. It is a three-story, woodframed hotel surrounding an open interior courtyard, designed by architect Albert Farr in the Medieval Revival style and constructed circa 1930 by M.J. Murphy.
A Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Form 523A was completed for the property in 2002 by Kent L. Seavey (Attachment 3), and the property was added to the Carmel Inventory on May 25, 2005. A Resolution Designating a Historic Resource for the “Sundial Lodge” was recorded with the County Recorder on October 19, 2006 (Document #2006092967).
On July 2, 2021, on behalf of Esperanza Carmel Commercial, LLC, David Fink applied for a Mills Act Historical Property Contract. The Mills Act is an incentive program for owners of historic resources listed on the Carmel Inventory and the local Register of Historic Resources. The property was placed on the local register on September 15, 2003, and the local inventory on May 25, 2005.
On January 24, 2022, the Historic Resources Board adopted Resolution 2022-001-HRB (Attachment 5), recommending that the City Council enter into a Mills Act Contract with Esperanza Carmel Commercial, LLC for the historic “Sundial Lodge” property.
Contract Value
The Monterey County Assessor’s Office is responsible for determining the value of a property under Mills Act Contract in accordance with sections 439 through 439.4 of the Revenue and Taxation Code. Properties with a Mills Act Contract are not valued based on sales data but by a prescribed income capitalization method (Attachment 4). After a Contract is approved, it is forwarded to the Monterey County Assessor, who determines the Mills Act value.
On March 1, 2022, the Mills Act contract was presented to the City Council with a recommendation to adopt Resolution 2022-024 and enter into a Mills Act contract. Government Code Section 36936 requires three yes votes to adopt a resolution. The mayor and one council member were recused from the item, requiring the three remaining Councilmembers to vote in the affirmative to pass the Resolution. Concerns were raised regarding the tax implications of entering into the contract, and on a motion to adopt the Resolution, the motion failed by a 2-1 vote. Staff was directed to return to the Council for reconsideration without a Resolution after consulting with the City Attorney, who determined that a resolution was not required for the action. Members of the Council also requested that staff obtain a preliminary calculation of Mills Act Contract values to understand the potential local tax revenue offset. The Assessor’s Office typically does not provide preliminary amounts, but in this case, agreed to give an estimate if staff could provide recent income information for the business.
On August 2, 2022, Staff returned to the City Council without a Resolution and the requested preliminary calculation of the Mills Act Contract valuation of the property. Staff reached out to the applicant/hotel operator, Mr. David Fink, and requested the information needed for the County to perform a preliminary calculation but was not able to obtain the information. At the August 2nd meeting, Mr. Fink requested that the City Council continue the item, offering to use the additional time to work with city staff and the County on a preliminary calculation.
Since the August 2nd meeting, staff has reached out more than once to the applicant inquiring about the status of the preliminary calculation and his efforts to work with the County. The applicant recently responded and stated that he is not required to obtain a preliminary estimated tax calculation and does not wish to do so now. As a result, the Assessor’s Office did not receive any income information, and cannot provide the estimated value of property tax reduction for the Council’s consideration.
STAFF ANALYSIS
A Mills Act contract under State law is an agreement between the City of Carmel and a property owner of a historic building listed on the Carmel Register. In exchange for reduced property taxes, the property owner is contractually obligated to perform annual maintenance on the building. The property owner benefits from a reduction in property taxes. The City benefits from assurance, via contract, that the historic building is rehabilitated, maintained, and preserved with a portion of those property taxes the city is giving up.
The primary purpose for offering Mills Act contracts in the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea is to assist in and ensure the rehabilitation or restoration and long-term maintenance of historic resources.
All properties listed on the City’s Historic Register in all districts that have and be, preserved in their historical size, form, and design without significant alterations are eligible for Mills Act contracts.
All Mills Act contracts have a term of 10 years, and one year is added to this term annually upon each anniversary date of the contract unless one or both parties (City and property owner) have taken action to terminate the contract. The City Administrator is authorized to initiate contract termination on the City's behalf based on the Planning Department's recommendations. The contract rights and obligations are binding upon all successive owners of the property during the life of the contract. The property retains the lower Mills Act tax rate when sold. To end a contract, either party may submit a notice of non-renewal to the other party. Such notices shall cause the contract to terminate at the end of the then-current 10-year contract period. Cancellation of a contract by the City due to non-compliance requires a public hearing and, if canceled, results in the immediate termination of the contract and a penalty equal to 12.5 percent of the assessed market value of the property.
The contract requires that the historical elements of the property are maintained in good condition. This includes a plan for rehabilitation and maintenance and may include a program to restore deteriorated features. All recipients of Mills Act contracts are required to implement a rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance plan prepared by a qualified professional. An annual report is submitted to the Planning Department specifying all work done to maintain and preserve the historic resource over the year in compliance with the approved rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance plan. All rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance work must be completed in conformance with the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation. All Mills Act contracts must specify that the rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance plan shall be updated at least every ten years by a qualified professional and approved by both parties.
The Historic Resources Board considers each application for a Mills Act contract and recommends that the City Council approve, approve with conditions, or deny the application.
The City Council considers the recommendations from the Historic Resources Board at a public hearing and resolves to approve, approve with conditions, or deny the proposed contract with sufficient time for action by the City Clerk so that recordation of approved contracts occurs before December 31st of the year in which the application is received.
To approve a Mills Act contract, the Historic Resources Board and the City Council must both make all of the following findings:
i. The building is designated a historic resource by the City and is listed on the Carmel Register.
Staff Response: The property was designated as a historical resource on May 25, 2005, and a Resolution was recorded with Monterey County on October 19, 2006. According to a September 15, 2003 staff report to the Historic Preservation Committee, the property was voluntarily placed on the local historic inventory by then-owner Auberge Carmel, LLC, represented by Mr. David Fink. The application meets this finding. ii. The proposed rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance plan is appropriate in scope and sufficiently detailed long-term rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance. Required maintenance and rehabilitation should be more significant than just routine maintenance that would be expected for any property.
Staff Response: The proposed plan includes rehabilitation and maintenance activities that will protect the integrity of the resource by replacing aging infrastructures such as plumbing and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems and repairing character-defining features such as the original wood windows. Ongoing maintenance activities include foundation inspections, roof maintenance, cleaning and inspecting all chimneys and flues, and termite testing. All exterior modifications are subject to Design Review approval and a determination of consistency with the Secretary’s Standards. Therefore, the application meets this finding.
iii. Alterations to the historic resource have been in the past, and will continue to be in the future, limited to interior work and to exterior rehabilitation and alterations that:
(A) Comply with the Secretary’s Standards (future additions only); and (B) Do not significantly alter, damage or diminish any primary elevation or character-defining feature; and (C) Do not increase floor area on the property by more than 15 percent beyond the amount established in the documented original or historic design of the resource; and (D) Do not result in any second-story addition to a single-story historic resource.
Staff Response: After purchasing the property in 2002, Mr. Fink applied to the City to remodel the hotel.
The renovation was reviewed by Ms. Sheila McElroy of Circa: History Property Development for consistency with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. The renovation was consistent with the Secretary’s Standards by the Historic Preservation Committee and did not include any increase in floor area. The hotel’s primary elevation and character-defining features were preserved, and the Planning Commission approved the project. The application meets this finding. iv. The Mills Act contract will aid in offsetting the costs of rehabilitating and maintaining the historic resource.
Staff Response: Construction was completed on the hotel in 1930 and renovated 20 years ago. A rehabilitation and maintenance plan prepared by Mr. Christopher Barlow, AIA, EDAC, LEED AP, NCARB, with input from historic preservation professional Mr. Kent Seavey, proposes the following rehabilitation work: replace existing plumbing throughout the building; replace the existing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems; repair and rehabilitate existing windows for thermal performance; and, repair and replacement of insulation. Proposed maintenance activities include foundation inspections and repairs; exterior paint; roof maintenance; cleaning, inspecting, and repairing chimneys and flues; and termite testing/treatment. The total cost of rehabilitation and maintenance is estimated to be $850,000 over the next ten years. The savings in property taxes would aid in offsetting these costs. The application meets this finding.
v. Approval of the Mills Act contract will represent an equitable balance of public and private interests and will not result in a substantial adverse financial impact on the City.
Staff Response: Approval of the Mills Act Contract would be consistent with Goal 1-5 and Objective 1-16 of the Land Use & Community Character Element of the General Plan, which encourages providing incentives for property owners to preserve and rehabilitate historic resources. Although the adoption of a Mills Act Contract would decrease property tax revenue to the City, the financial impact would be minimal because:
1) The City Council adopted Resolution 2016-068 on September 13, 2016, limiting the number of Mills Act Contracts approved to fifteen (15) in three calendar years. The Mills Act Contract has been approved in the last three years, and that approval was granted in November 2019. 2) Carmel currently has 283 historic resources, and since the adoption of the Mills Act program in 2004, the City has entered into a total of ten Mills Act Contracts. 3) The City would continue to receive a portion of the property tax revenue, and the investment in rehabilitation and maintenance support local tourism, which benefits both private and public interests. 4) The value of preserving the historic hotel offsets the loss of property tax revenue.
FISCAL IMPACT:
The City will have a diminished tax base from the property at Monte Verde 2 northeast of 7th Avenue for the contract term. The amount is unknown at this point.
PRIOR CITY COUNCIL ACTION:
On March 3, 2020, the City Council adopted standard contract language for Mills Act Contracts.
ATTACHMENTS:
Attachment 1) Standard Mills Act Contract 12.06.22
Attachment 2) Exhibit A - Legal Description
Attachment 3) Exhibit B - DPR 523A 'Sundial Lodge'
Attachment 4) Exhibit C - Maintenance Plan 01.04.22
Attachment 5) Resolution 2022-001-HRB
Attachment 6) Photos of the exterior
OAK #4831-0417-0411 v2
RECORDING REQUESTED BY
CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA
AND WHEN RECORDED MAIL TO
Carmel City Hall
Attn: Community Planning & Building
P.O. Box CC
Carmel-By-The-Sea, CA 93921 This space reserved for the Recorder’s use only
CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA
MILLS ACT HISTORIC PROPERTY PRESERVATION CONTRACT
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered by and between the CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA a municipal corporation (hereinafter referred to as “City”), and ESPERANZA CARMEL COMMERCIAL, LLC (hereinafter referred to as “Owner”).
RECITALS
(i) California Government Code Section 50280, et seq. (known as the Mills Act) authorizes cities to enter into contracts with the owners of qualified historic properties to provide for their appropriate use, maintenance, and restoration such that these historic properties retain their historic characteristics;
(ii) The Owner possesses fee title in and to that certain real property, together with associated structures and improvements thereon, located at Monte Verde 2 northeast of 7th Avenue (APN: 010-191-005), Carmel-By-The-Sea, California, (hereinafter referred to as the “Historic Property”). A legal description of the Historic Property is attached hereto, marked as “Exhibit A” and is incorporated herein by reference; (iii) The property is identified as a historic resource on the City of Carmel-By-The-Sea’s Historic Inventory and Register of Historic Resources and is further described in the DPR 523A Form attached hereto, marked as “Exhibit B” and is incorporated herein by reference;
(iv) City and Owner, for their mutual benefit, now desire to enter into this Agreement both to protect and preserve the characteristics of historical significance of the Historic Property, as it exists at the date of this contract and as described in the City’s Register of Historic Resources and the National Register of Historic Places, and to qualify the Historic Property for an assessment of valuation pursuant to the provisions of Article 1.9 (commencing with Section 439) of Chapter 3 of Part 2 of Division 1 of the California Revenue and Taxation Code.
Attachment 1
OAK #4831-0417-0411 v2
NOW, THEREFORE, City and Owner, in consideration of the mutual covenants and conditions contained herein, do hereby agree as follows:
1. INCORPORATION OF RECITALS. All recitals are incorporated into this Agreement.
2. EFFECTIVE DATE AND TERM. This Agreement shall be effective and commence on the date the Agreement is signed by the City unless otherwise indicated by the County of Monterey and shall remain in effect for a minimum term of ten (10) years thereafter.
3. AUTOMATIC RENEWAL. Each year, upon the anniversary of the effective date of this Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “annual renewal date”), one (1) year shall be added automatically to the term of this Agreement, unless timely notice of nonrenewal is given as provided in paragraph 4 of this Agreement. The total length of the contract shall not exceed twenty (20) years.
4. NOTICE OF NONRENEWAL. If City or Owner desires in any year not to renew this Agreement, that party shall serve written notice of nonrenewal in advance of the annual renewal date of this Agreement as follows: Owner must serve written notice of nonrenewal at least ninety (90) days prior to the annual renewal date; City must serve written notice of the nonrenewal at least sixty (60) days prior to the annual renewal date.
If notice is not received, the Agreement shall automatically be renewed for another year.
Upon receipt by Owner of a notice of nonrenewal from the City, Owner may make a written protest. At any time prior to the annual renewal date, City may withdraw its notice of nonrenewal.
5. EFFECT OF NOTICE OF NON-RENEWAL. If either City or Owner serves timely notice of nonrenewal in any year, and this contract is not renewed, this Agreement shall remain in effect for the balance of the period remaining since the original execution or the last annual renewal date.
6. FEES. The City may require that the Owner(s) of the Historic Property pay a fee that shall not exceed the reasonable cost of providing services, such as inspections, pursuant to Government Code Section 50281.1 (Article 12 of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 1 of Title 5 of the Government Code), for which the fee is charged.
7. VALUATION OF PROPERTY. During the term of this Agreement, Owner is entitled to seek an assessment of the valuation of the Historic Property pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 3 of Part 2 of Division 1 of the California Revenue and Taxation Code.
8. PRESERVATION OF PROPERTY. Owner shall preserve and maintain the characteristics of historical significance of the Historic Property and agrees to complete rehabilitation and/or maintenance activities as defined in the Rehabilitation/Restoration and Maintenance Plan attached as “Exhibit C”. Requests for revisions to the Maintenance and Attachment 1
OAK #4831-0417-0411 v2
Rehabilitation plan shall be reviewed by the Historic Resources Board prior to implementation. In addition, Owner shall comply with the terms of the City’s Historic Preservation Ordinance (CMC 17.32). Owners shall not be permitted to further impede any view corridor with any new structure, including but not limited to walls, fences, or shrubbery, so as to prevent the viewing of the Historic Property from the public right-ofway.
9. RESTORATION OF PROPERTY. Owner shall, where necessary, restore and rehabilitate the Historic Property to conform to the rules and regulations of the Office of Historic Preservation of the State Department of Parks and Recreation, U. S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation, the State Historical Building Code, and the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea, all as amended.
10. INSPECTIONS. Owner shall allow periodic examinations, at least every five (5) years, with reasonable notice thereof, of the interior and exterior of the Historic Property by representatives of the County of Monterey Assessor and the City of Carmel-By-The-Sea as may be necessary to determine Owner’s compliance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. The City will coordinate inspections by such other agencies that have jurisdiction and will keep them to the minimum necessary to determine such compliance.
11. PROVISION OF INFORMATION. Owner shall furnish City with any and all information required by City, in order to determine the eligibility of the Historic Property, and that City deems necessary or advisable to determine compliance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement.
12. ANNUAL REPORT. Owner shall submit an annual report at least 90 days prior to each annual renewal date (October 1st) to the Department of Planning and Building specifying all work that has been done to maintain and preserve the historic resource over the preceding year in compliance with the approved maintenance plan.
13. CANCELLATION. The City has the right to cancel the contract if the owner allows the property to deteriorate to the point that it no longer meets the standards for a qualified historical property. The City also has the right to cancel this contract if the owner(s) breaches the provisions of paragraphs # 8, 9, 10, or 12 of this Agreement after the City has provided reasonable notice of any failure to comply with the agreement and a public hearing. Notice of the hearing shall be mailed to the last known address of each owner of the property, with the notice conforming to the provisions of Government Code section 6061., If after notice and a hearing, the contract is canceled, termination of the Agreement is immediate, and the owner shall pay a cancellation fee equal to 12.5 percent of the current fair market value of the property, as determined by the Monterey County Assessor as though the property were free of the contractual restriction. The cancellation fee shall be paid to the Assessor, at the time and in the manner that the Assessor shall prescribe. City’s right to cancel this Agreement pursuant to this paragraph Attachment 1
OAK #4831-0417-0411 v2
shall in no way limit or restrict its rights or legal remedies arising from City’s Historic Preservation Ordinance and Municipal Code.
14. ENFORCEMENT OF AGREEMENT. In lieu of and/or in addition to any provisions to cancel this Agreement as referenced herein, City may specifically enforce, or enjoin the breach of, the terms of this Agreement.
15. WAIVER. City does not waive any claim or default by Owner if City does not enforce or cancel this Agreement. All remedies at law or in equity, which are not otherwise provided for this Agreement or in City’s regulations governing historic properties are available to City to pursue in the event there is a breach of this Agreement. No waiver by City of any breach or default under this Agreement shall be deemed to be a waiver of any other subsequent breach thereof or default hereunder.
16. BINDING EFFECT OF AGREEMENT. Owner hereby subjects the Historic Property to the covenants, reservations, and restrictions set forth in this Agreement. City and Owner hereby declare their specific intent that the covenants, reservations, and restrictions as set forth herein shall be deemed covenants running with the land and shall pass to and be binding upon the Owner’s successors and assigns in title or interest to the Historic Property. A successor in interest shall have the same rights and obligations under this Agreement as the original owner who executed the Agreement.
Each and every contract, deed, or other instrument hereinafter executed, governing or conveying the Historic Property, or any portion thereof shall conclusively be held to have been executed, delivered, and accepted subject to the covenants, reservations, and restrictions expressed in this Agreement regardless of whether such covenants, reservations, and restrictions are set forth in such contract, deed or other instrument.
City and Owner hereby declare their understanding and intent that the burden of the covenants, reservations, and restrictions set forth herein touch and concern the land in that it restricts development of the Historic Property. City and Owner hereby further declare their understanding and intent that the benefit of such covenants, reservations and restrictions touch and concern the land by enhancing and maintaining the cultural and historic characteristics and significance of the Historic Property for the benefit of the public and Owner.
17. NOTICE. Any notice required to be given by the terms of this Agreement shall be provided at the address of the respective parties as specified below, by personal delivery or United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed as follows:
City: Carmel-By-The-Sea
Community Planning & Building Department
Attn: Community Planning & Building Director
P.O. Box CC
Carmel-By-The-Sea, CA 93921
Attachment 1
OAK #4831-0417-0411 v2
Owner: Esperanza Carmel Commercial, LLC
PO Box 134
Carmel, CA 93921
Notice to successors in interest to either party shall be sent to the appropriate address.
In the case of future Owner(s) of the Historic Property, notice shall be sent to the address on file with the county property tax office in power at the time.
18. RECORDATION. No later than twenty (20) days after the parties execute and enter into this Agreement, the City shall cause this Agreement to be recorded in the Office of the County Recorder of the County of Monterey. From and after the time of the recordation, this Agreement shall impart a notice thereof to all persons as is afforded under state law.
19. STATE LAW. The Owner or agent of Owner shall provide written notice of this Agreement to the State Office of Historic Preservation within six (6) months of the date of this Agreement.
20. GOVERNING LAW; VENUE. This Agreement shall be constructed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State of California. Should either party to this agreement bring legal action against the other, the case shall be handled in Monterey County, California and the party prevailing in such action shall be entitled to a reasonable attorney fee which shall be fixed by the judge hearing the case and such fee shall be included in the judgment together with all costs.
21. AMENDMENTS. This agreement may be amended in whole or in part, only by a writtenrecorded instrument executed by the parties hereto.
22. DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY; EMINENT DOMAIN; CANCELLATION. If the Historic Property is destroyed by an earthquake, fire, flood, or another natural disaster such that in the opinion of the City Building Official more than sixty percent (60%) of the original fabric of the structure must be replaced, this Agreement shall be canceled because the historic value of the structure will have been destroyed. If the Historic Property is acquired in whole or in part by eminent domain or other acquisition by any entity authorized to exercise the power of eminent domain, and the acquisition is determined by the City Council to frustrate the purpose of this Agreement, this Agreement shall be canceled. No cancellation fee pursuant to Government Code Section 50286 shall be imposed if the Agreement is canceled pursuant to this paragraph. Such Agreement shall be null and void for all purposes of determining the value of the property so acquired.
23. INDEMNIFICATION. Owner shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless City and its elected officials, officers, agents, and employees from any actual or alleged claims, demands, causes of action, liability, loss, damage, or injury to property or persons, including wrongful death, whether imposed by a court of law or by administrative action of any Attachment 1
OAK #4831-0417-0411 v2
federal, state or local government agency, arising out of or incident to the direct or indirect use, operation, or maintenance of the Historic Property by Owner or any contractor, subcontractor, employee, agent, lessee, licensee, invitee, or any other person; (ii) Owner’s activities in connection with the Historic Property; and (iii) any restriction on the use of development of the Historic Property, from application or enforcement of the City’s Municipal Code, or from the enforcement of this Agreement.
This indemnification includes, without limitation, the payment of all penalties, fines, judgments, awards, decrees, attorneys’ fees, and related costs or expenses, and the reimbursement of the City, its elected officials, employees, and/or agents for all legal expenses and costs incurred by each of them. Owner’s obligation to indemnify shall survive the termination, cancellation, or expiration of this Agreement and shall not be restricted to insurance proceeds, if any, received by City, its elected officials, employees, or agents.
24. SEVERABILITY. In the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement are held to be unenforceable or invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, or by subsequent preemptive legislation, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions, or portions thereof, shall not be affected thereby.
IN WITNESS THEREOF, the City and Owners have executed this Agreement on the day and year this Agreement is signed by the City unless otherwise indicated by the County of Monterey.
CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA:
By: _______________________ Date: __________________
Name: Richard L. Rerig (“Chip”)
Title: City Administrator
PROPERTY OWNER(S):
By: __________________________ Date: ___________________ Name: Patrice Pastor
Esperanza Carmel Commercial, LLC
Title: Property Owner
Attachment 1
OAK #4831-0417-0411 v2
EXHIBIT A
LEGAL DESCRIPTION
EXHIBIT B
DPR 523A FORM for ‘Sundial Lodge’
EXHIBIT C
REHABILITATION/RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN
Attachment 1
Order Number: 2714-5947535
Page Number: 6
First American Title
LEGAL DESCRIPTION
Real property in the City of Carmel, County of Monterey, State of California, described as follows:
LOTS 18 AND 20 IN BLOCK 74, AS SAID LOTS AND BLOCK ARE SHOWN ON THAT CERTAIN MAP ENTITLED, MAP OF "CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA", FILED MARCH 7, 1902
IN THE OFFICE OF THE COUNTY RECORDER OF THE COUNTY OF MONTEREY, STATE OF CALIFORNIA, IN VOLUME 1 OF MAPS, "CITIES AND TOWN", AT PAGE 2.
APN: 010-191-005
Attachment 2
Attachment 3
Attachment 3
Attachment 3
Attachment 3
Property Address: Monte Verde St. at Seventh Ave.
Owner Name: L'Auberge Carmel / David Fink
Owner Telephone No.: (831) 917-2322
Plan Prepared by: Christopher Barlow AIA, EDAC, LEED AP, NCARB Maintenance/ Completed/ Year of Building Description Cost Rehabilitation Proposed Completion Feature of Work
Maintenance Proposed 2029 Foundation
Rehabilitation Proposed 2022 Plumbing
Rehabilitation Proposed 2024 Mechanical
Maintenance Proposed 2027 Exterior walls
Maintenance Proposed 2022-2032 Exteriors
Rehabilitation Proposed 2022 Windows
Rehabilitation Proposed 2023 Windows
Rehabilitation Proposed 2028 Roof, Ext. walls
Maintenance Proposed 2030 Wood, thruout
Rehabilitation Proposed 2025 Hardscape
Rehabilitation Proposed 2026 Hardscape
$45,000
New drainage at courtyard (currently surface drainage only, see photo 16) Replace existing aged interior plumbing piping throughout building
BUILDING SYSTEMS UPGRADES
Maintain Roof, Clean Chimneys/Flues, Inspect and seal plaster (annually) $150,000 Exterior and Interior Features Upgrades Subtotal
$75,000
Note: Frequency of Repairs continues beyond 2032 based on interval proposal.
Note: Dollar amounts will be review at 10 year intervals and adjusted for inflation. $850,000
$850,000
$80,000
$0
Proposed Work Total
REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCE TOTAL
Exterior and Interior Features Upgrades Subtotal
Completed Work Total
Retaining Wall repair at existing stairs and property line (see photo 15) $35,000 Conduct exterior window condition assessment and provide survey of repairs $10,000 $115,000
$75,000
$470,000
$45,000
HARDSCAPE AND LANDSCAPE
Repair and replace existing Heating, Ventilation and Air Condition system(s) Insulation repairs and replacement
Termite testing and repairs
EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR FEATURES, MATERIALS, AND FINISHES Repair and Rehabilitate existing Windows for increased thermal performance Paint exterior of all exterior walls (every six years)
Mills Act Rehabilitation and Maintenance Plan
City of Carmel
$95,000
$175,000
$30,000
Building Systems Upgrades Subtotal $270,000
Mills Act Rehabilitation and Maintenance Plan
L'Auberge Carmel, Monte Verde Street and Seventh Ave, Carmel-By-The-Sea, California
STRUCTURAL UPGRADES
Foundation Inspection and localized repairs (as needed) Structural Upgrades Subtotal
$30,000
Attachment 4
CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA
HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD
HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD RESOLUTION NO. 2021-001-HRB
A RESOLUTION OF THE HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA
RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL ENTER INTO A MILLS ACT CONTRACT WITH ESPERANZA CARMEL COMMERCIAL, LLC FOR THE PROPERTY LOCATED ON MONTE VERDE 2 NORTHEAST OF 7TH AVENUE ALSO KNOWN AS L’AUBERGE CARMEL
APN 010-191-005
WHEREAS, David Fink (“Applicant”) submitted an application on behalf of Esperanza Carmel Commercial, LLC requesting to enter into a Mills Act contract (MA 21-238, L’Auberge Carmel) described herein as (“Application”); and
WHEREAS, the Application has been submitted for the property located on Monte Verde 2 northeast of 7th Avenue Residential and Limited Commercial (R-C) District (Block 74, Lots 18 & 20); and
WHEREAS, the Applicant is requesting to enter into a Mills Act contract with the City and in accordance with Carmel Municipal Code (CMC) Section 17.32.100.B.6 (Review Process), the HRB shall consider the application and make recommendations to the City Council to approve, approve with conditions, or deny the application; and
WHEREAS, the agenda for the Historic Resources Board Meeting was posted in three locations on January 21, 2022 in compliance with State law indicating the date and time of the public hearing; and
WHEREAS, on January 24, 2022, the Historic Resources Board held a public meeting to consider the application for a Mills Act contract, including without limitation, information provided to the Historic Resources Board by City staff and through public testimony; and WHEREAS, this Resolution and its findings are made based upon evidence presented to the Board at the January 24, 2022 meeting including, without limitation, the staff report and attachments submitted by the Community Planning and Building Department; and WHEREAS, the Historic Resources Board did hear and consider all said reports, attachments, recommendations and testimony herein above set forth and used their independent judgement to evaluate the project; and
WHEREAS, the facts set forth in the recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by reference.
Attachment 5
Resolution No. 2022-001-HRB
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Historic Resources Board of the City of CarmelBy-The-Sea does hereby make the following findings and determinations regarding the Mills Act Contract:
FINDINGS REQUIRED FOR A MILLS ACT CONTRACT
For each of the required findings listed below, staff has indicated whether the application supports adoption of the findings. For all findings checked "no" the staff report discusses the issues to facilitate the Historic Resources Board decision-making. Findings checked "yes" may or may not be discussed in the report depending on the issues.
CMC 17.32.100.B.6.c YES NO
i. The building is designated as an historic resource by the City and is listed on the Carmel Register.
✔
ii. The proposed rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance plan is appropriate in scope and sufficient in detail to guide long-term rehabilitation/restoration and maintenance. Required maintenance and rehabilitation should be more significant than just routine maintenance that would be expected for any property. ✔
iii. Alterations to the historic resource have been in the past, and will continue to be in the future, limited to interior work and to exterior rehabilitation and alterations that:
(A) Comply with the Secretary’s Standards (future additions only); and (B) Do not significantly alter, damage or diminish any primary elevation or character-defining feature; and
(C) Do not increase floor area on the property by more than 15 percent beyond the amount established in the documented original or historic design of the resource; and
(D) Do not result in any second-story addition to a single-story historic resource.
✔
iv. The Mills Act contract will aid in offsetting the costs of rehabilitating and maintaining the historic resource..
✔
v. Approval of the Mills Act contract will represent an equitable balance of public and private interests and will not result in substantial adverse financial impact on the City.
✔
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Historic Resources Board of the City of Carmel-by-theSea does hereby recommend that the City Council approve a Mills Act Contract (MA 21-238, L’Auberge Carmel) for the property located on Monte Verde 2 northeast of 7th Avenue (APN 010- 191-005).
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED BY THE HISTORIC RESOURCES BOARD OF THE CITY OF CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA this 24TH day of January, 2022, by the following vote:
Attachment 5
Resolution No. 2022-001-HRB
AYES: CHROMAN, DYAR, GUALTIERI, HALL, POMEROY
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
APPROVED: ATTEST:
_________________________ _________________________
Erik Dyar Margi Perotti
Chair Historic Resources Board Secretary
Attachment 5
L’AUBERGE CARMEL
1 Monte Verde Street at Seventh Ave.
Photos by Jenna Tyndall from Wald, Ruhnke and Dost Architects (June 28, 2021) Photo #1, Main façade looking South along Monte Verde
Photo #2, Main façade looking North along Monte Verde
Attachment 6
Photo #3, North elevation looking from City Hall parking lot Photo #4, Partial South elevation looking from Seventh Avenue Attachment 6
Photo #5, radial plaster cracking at Southwest building corner Photo #6, holes in foundation, plaster and tile at Southwest corner Attachment 6
Photo #7, hairline cracking in plaster above double windows by main entry Photo #8, radial cracking in plaster above main entry doors.
Attachment 6
Photo #9, holes in foundation near Northwest building corner Photo #10, cracked step/foundation at Northwest building corner Attachment 6
Photo #11 window sill at North side of building
Photo #12, bent/damaged flashing at second level opening Attachment 6
Photo #10, weathered/oxidized roofing at central courtyard Photo #11, damaged rafter tails at roof as seen from courtyard Attachment 6
Photo #12, rotted supports at exterior planter box
Photo #13, damaged downspout (typical condition at perimeter) Attachment 6
Photo 14, Water damage at upper-level balcony
Attachment 6
Photo 15, Existing retaining wall
Attachment 6
Photo 16, temporary surfact drainage at courtyard
Attachment 6