Agenda packet — Cathedral City City Council, January 28, 2026 (part 2 of 3)

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census tracts or 30 percent of the total. The second highest is CVAG with 31 census tracts designated, or 24 percent. WRCOG has 80 census tracts, or 22 percent.93

Figure 4-1 CalEPA Priority Populations in Riverside−San Bernardino−Ontario MSA

SOURCE: CCI, 2024; ESA, 2025
Vulnerability Assessment
The following section presents a vulnerability assessment to describe the increased risk faced by priority populations to the effects of climate change hazards, including increased air pollution, extreme heat and extreme temperatures, flooding, drought, and wildfires.

Air Pollution
The impacts of climate change combined with the region’s unique geographic and environmental conditions are likely to contribute to worsening air quality in the future. Positioned downwind of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and surrounded by high mountain ranges, the San Bernardino valley region is subject to some of the most significant air quality issues in the United States.

Similarly, the Western Riverside and Coachella Valley subregions, located north of the Salton

93 US Census Bureau, 2020
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Sea, typically experience high levels of ozone and particle pollution, and may experience worsening conditions due to increasing airborne dust.94 Rising levels of air pollution from primary pollutants – ozone, PM 2.5 and diesel PM – is contingent on various factors, including local and regional emission rates, temperature, wind patterns, and wildfire severity. Regional wildfires are expected to become more frequent and severe in the coming decades and cause worsening pollution due to far-ranging smoke impacts.95 Ozone
Climate change directly contributes to rising global temperatures that can have adverse effects on the natural environment. Rising temperatures can exacerbate ground-level ozone formation and intensify the 'heat island' effect in urban areas. Ozone pollution is largely attributed to trucks, cars, planes, trains, industrial facilities, agricultural operations, construction sites, and dry cleaning.96 Levels of ozone tend to peak in the afternoon and on hot days. Exposure to ozone, even at low levels, can lead to a variety of negative health impacts, such as lung irritation, inflammation, and the worsening of chronic illnesses. Sensitive groups are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ozone, including children, older adults, outdoor workers, and individuals who spend extended periods outdoors.

Inland Empire communities typically have some of the highest levels of ozone pollution in Southern California and exceed state and/or federal ozone standards.97 Most of San Bernardino County and eastern Riverside County are within the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District (MDAQMD). The non-desert portions of Riverside County (Riverside County portion of the Mojave Desert Air Basin and Salton Sea Air Basin, or Coachella Valley) and San Bernardino County (southwestern corner of San Bernardino County) are within the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). Ozone concentrations in SCAQMD exceed both California Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

The northwestern and central MDAQMD region is in nonattainment for NAAQS for ozone; the north, east, and southern areas of the MDAQMD region, including the CVAG subregion, is either in attainment or unclassified for NAAQS for ozone.98,99 However, WRCOG’s Resilient IE describes projections for both San Bernardino and Riverside counties.100 Ozone pollution and high ozone days are anticipated to increase by 2050; San Bernardino County could experience more than 7 additional days per year with unhealthy ozone levels by 2050, and ozone pollution in Western Riverside County is projected to increase by 5 to 10 parts per billion (ppb) by 2050.101

94 Hopkins, 2018
95 CNRA, 2018
96 OEHHA, 2021
97 SCAQMD, 2022
98 Includes western Riverside County and southwestern corner of San Bernardino County that are not within SCAQMD.
99 CARB, 2022c
100 WRCOG, 2020
101 WRCOG, 2020
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Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)
Fine particulate matter or PM 2.5 refers to a mixture of tiny airborne particles made up of organic chemicals, dust, soot, and metals. Each particle is less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, smaller than the width of a human hair. PM 2.5 particles originate from various sources, including vehicles, factories, wood burning, and other human activities. This pollution poses significant risk to human health as the small particle size can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to a range of health issues including heart and lung disease. Children, older adults, and individuals with asthma or other existing lung or heart disease are most susceptible to the adverse effects of PM 2.5.102 The MDAQMD region that includes the majority of San Bernardino County and eastern Riverside County is in attainment for state standards (AAQS) and in attainment and/or unclassified for national standards (NAAQS) for PM 2.5.103 The SCAQMD region that includes the non-desert areas of Riverside County and San Bernardino County is in nonattainment for both AAQS and NAAQS.104
Diesel Particulate Matter (diesel PM)
Diesel particulate matter comes from the exhaust of trucks, buses, trains, ships, and other equipment powered by diesel engines. This kind of particulate matter consists of a mixture of gases and solid particles that encompass a wide array of chemicals. Diesel PM is found in greater concentrations near ports, rail yards, and highways. Similar to PM 2.5, diesel PM particles can travel deep into the lungs and cause health problems including eye, throat, and nose irritation, heart and lung disease, and lung cancer. Children and older adults are more sensitive to the adverse effects of diesel PM exposure.105
Vulnerabilities
Increasing concentrations of ozone, PM 2.5, and diesel PM are expected to pose significant health risks for more sensitive groups in the Inland Empire. These groups include children, older adults over age 65, individuals with existing health conditions, individuals without reliable access to health care, pregnant individuals, outdoor workers, and people experiencing homelessness. Air pollution negatively impacts health outcomes by contributing to chronic disease and respiratory issues, such as asthma, pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and bronchitis. It can also affect cardiovascular health, leading to heart disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrest. Other factors that contribute to poor air quality, such as extreme heat events or wildfires, may require shelter-in- place practices that can disrupt daily routines, affect work and school attendance, as well as individual and household incomes, and mental and physical health.

Extreme Heat
Inland Empire residents are familiar with warmer conditions due to the region’s desert-like environments and Mediterranean and semi-arid climate known for hot and dry summers. The

102 OEHHA, 2021
103 CARB, 2022c
104 Includes western Riverside County and southwestern corner of San Bernardino County that are not within SCAQMD.
105 OEHHA, 2021
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built environment is generally designed to withstand warmer temperatures. However, climate change will bring a new “normal” characterized by increased average and maximum temperatures, alongside more frequent and intense extreme heat days that persist for extended durations. Historically in San Bernardino County and Riverside County, extreme heat days averaged 4 days from 1961−1990.106 For San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, on average this is expected to increase to 27 additional extreme heat days per year by mid-century under a Medium Emissions (RCP 4.5) Scenario.107 The urban heat island effect is also expected to further exacerbate these conditions in more heavily urban areas. In these areas the high density of buildings, paved roads, and other high albedo and impermeable surfaces absorb and re-emit the sun’s heat with greater intensity, resulting in higher daytime and nighttime temperatures.

These conditions have the potential to impact public health, air pollution, energy demand and costs, water resources, and natural lands and wildlife. Specific to public health, higher temperatures can increase risk for heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke, and worsen existing cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. Severe cases, such as heat stroke, can impact mental health and lead to missed school and workdays, cause stress, aggression, fatigue, confusion, coma, and even death. Extreme heat is the cause of more deaths per year on average than all other weather-related hazards in the United States combined.108 There were over 10,000 heat-related deaths recorded in the U.S. from 2004 to 2018.109 In 2006, a prolonged heat wave in California killed over 140 people and resulted in nearly 1,200 hospitalizations and more than 16,000 emergency department visits.110
Flooding
While annual average precipitation levels are expected to decrease in Southern California, the severity of individual precipitation events is likely to increase, increasing the risk from urban flooding, riverine flooding, and landslides and mudslides.111 Additionally, the Inland Empire’s unique topography makes it susceptible to flooding. Existing designated floodplains within SBCOG are also expected to expand, reflecting increased flood risk to infrastructure for energy transmission, stormwater draining, and transportation. More frequent and severe flooding can affect critical and emergency services, evacuation routes, and emergency response. It can also result in property damage, population displacement, injuries, and economic impacts on agriculture. Prolonged flooding can lead to increased mold, contributing to respiratory health issues. There is also potential for stagnant waters to facilitate transmission of vector-borne diseases, such as West Nile virus.

Vulnerabilities
Flooding can have a particularly negative effect on vulnerable populations, including individuals experiencing homelessness, older adults over age 65 and living alone, and rural residents who

106 Cal-Adapt, 2018
107 Cal-Adapt, 2018
108 Bedsworth et al., 2018
109 USEPA, 2022
110 Knowlten et al, 2008
111 WRCOG, 2020
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rely heavily on transportation infrastructure.112 Other vulnerable groups include those without access to a car, children, and individuals with disabilities. Rural populations face increased risk from potential flash floods that can occur in remote desert areas. For farmers and agricultural workers, there is an increased risk of displacement and economic loss due to potential damage to crops and other agricultural equipment.

Homes, buildings, and roadways are also at risk, especially if they are not built for precipitation and flooding hazards. Damage to property disproportionately affects low-income communities as these households often lack financial resources essential for rebuilding after a flood.

Flooding can also result in extreme air quality impacts, as evidenced by the aftermath of the flooding from Tropical Storm Hilary in 2023. The erosion of topsoil, mudflows, and dirt deposits resulted in high levels of particulate matter in the air, leading to unhealthy to hazardous air quality index values in Coachella Valley, which was highly unusual for that time of year.

Drought
Southern California has long experienced periods of drought, however, with climate change droughts are expected to occur more frequently, more intensely, and for longer durations than the region's historical norms. More severe and prolonged drought can affect reliability and quality of water supplies, leading to shortages that can affect water prices, costs for food, and water security. Dry conditions increase the region’s susceptibility to wildfires and poor air quality.

Additionally, stress on vegetation and trees can increase pests and diseases that contribute to plant mortality, and further increase wildfire risks. Communities that rely on agriculture may face significant economic challenges as crops are threatened by these adverse conditions.

Vulnerabilities
Agricultural workers and low-income households may be disproportionately affected by drought, due to impacts on working lands, water shortages, water limits, and increases in costs for water.

Individuals and families that depend on income from agriculture, including immigrant communities and seasonal workers will be most affected by these conditions.

Wildfires
Climate change creates more favorable conditions for frequent wildfires and prolonged fire seasons, due to warming global temperatures, drought and dry conditions, and loss of vegetation from these factors. Regional wildfires can significantly affect air quality due to large amounts of carbon dioxide, black carbon, brown carbon, and ozone precursors that are released into the atmosphere.113 Wildfire smoke can travel long distances and impact communities far removed from fire sites.

In the Inland Empire, wildfire is a natural hazard that has a high probability of occurring and represents one of the greatest risks to life and property.114 The mountain regions of the Inland Empire in particular are expected to see increases in wildfire events by mid-century.

112 WRCOG, 2020
113 NOAA, 2018
114 WRCOG, 2020
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Vulnerabilities
The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires can disproportionately affect low-income residents, individuals with disabilities or mobility issues, individuals without access to health care, individuals without access to a vehicle, children under age 5, adults over age 65 and who live alone, linguistically isolated individuals, and people experiencing homelessness. These groups may have greater difficulty with evacuations during wildfire threats, due to limited financial resources, unreliable transportation, or language barriers during emergencies.

As wildfires also contribute to heightened air pollution, there is higher risk to outdoor workers and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. For communities that are safe distances away from active fires, there may still be impacts from wildfire smoke that requires sheltering indoors, affecting outdoor workers, active commuters, and individuals experiencing homelessness.

Agricultural workers face heightened risks of economic loss resulting from potential damage to crops and reduced work opportunities. Agricultural workers, low-income individuals and households, and individuals who are out of the workforce may face additional challenges in recovering from property losses caused by wildfires, including potential limitations in accessing financial resources and support services.

Summary of Vulnerabilities
The compounding impacts of climate change, including worsening air quality, extreme heat, flooding, drought, and wildfires, pose significant and disproportionate challenges for populations that are already burdened by pollution or have low incomes. Poor air quality is especially harmful to children, older adults, and those with existing health concerns. Extreme heat amplifies the risk of heat-related illnesses and increases demand and cost for energy resources. Flooding and wildfires increase the threat of displacement and exacerbate challenges for communities with limited resources for adaptation and response.

Co-Benefits to CCAP Measures
Identifying populations burdened by pollution and understanding their climate change vulnerabilities allows for targeted planning to ensure adopted measures are tailored to address specific challenges. Many of the measures identified in this CCAP provide additional social, economic, or environmental advantages to these populations in addition to reducing GHG emissions. The primary goal of the co-benefits assessment is to qualitatively identify the indirect benefits (co-benefits) that the CCAP measures could provide in areas such as public health, economic development, resource allocation, and others. This information is crucial in empowering communities to assess the advantages specific to their jurisdictions when evaluating and prioritizing measures to reduce GHG emissions. These co-benefits directly impact the well- being, awareness, and resilience of communities. Co-benefits evaluated for this CCAP are described below.

Air Pollution
The CCAP includes GHG reduction measures that will result in enhanced air quality for the region. As outlined in the Vulnerability Assessment, San Bernardino and Riverside counties face a high air pollution burden compared to national averages. Priority populations in these counties are exposed to air pollution at significantly higher rates and possess fewer resources to shield 220

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themselves from its effects. Implementing GHG reduction measures that reduce air pollution will help alleviate existing burdens on vulnerable populations. Communities that bear a disproportionate burden of PM 2.5, Diesel PM, ozone, and fugitive emissions will experience fewer harmful pollutant exposures, leading to improved health outcomes through a reduction in respiratory, cardiovascular, and other health-related issues.

Other Pollution
Various activities involved in the extraction, refining, transportation, and storage of fossil fuels have the potential to cause soil and groundwater contamination due to leaks, spills, and other discharges along the entire supply chain. Priority populations are often faced with increased exposure to hazardous pollution resulting from such incidents. GHG reduction measures that facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources can help alleviate these pollution burdens.

Public Health
Measures aimed at reducing GHG emissions can have broader public health benefits beyond lower pollution levels. For example, initiatives focused on decreasing vehicle travel by improving bicycle networks can promote increased physical activity, leading to better health outcomes.

Additionally, by reducing vehicle travel, such measures can contribute to a decrease in road accidents, decreasing injury and mortality rates. Pollution reduction has significant implications for public health, reducing the risks associated with chronic diseases, respiratory issues, and overall physical and mental well-being. It's important to note that priority populations, which often face the harshest conditions from pollution and environmental degradation, can particularly benefit from these measures that prioritize public health co-benefits.

Resource Conservation
GHG reduction measures are often tied to greater resource conservation through the prioritization of optimal resource use. The preservation of ecosystems and other natural resources helps ensure they are available for future generations. A key component of this is responsible management and production of resources such as energy, water, waste, and raw materials. Priority populations in particular can benefit from these measures as they are often disproportionally impacted by resource scarcity and environmental pollution. Reduced energy consumption can lead to lower utility costs, which is particularly beneficial for low-income households that typically spend a higher percentage of their income on energy bills. Sustainable land use practices can lead to the creation of green spaces and healthier living environments, contributing to a higher quality of life in these communities. Additionally, investments in waste reduction initiatives contribute to environmental health and create job opportunities in recycling and waste management sectors, often in areas where low-income groups reside.

Economic Development
Many of the GHG reduction measures in this plan will contribute to economic benefits by generating new opportunities in the form of “green” jobs and improved resource distribution.

Measures that promote energy conservation and community resilience drive economic revitalization across a diverse range of sectors, including transportation, agriculture, waste 221

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management, and water conservation. Growth in these sectors can provide opportunities for priority populations in the form of green jobs which often provide skill development and livable wages. The positive effects of these changes extend beyond direct employment in green industries, stimulating greater overall economic activity within communities, even for those not directly engaged in the green sector. A thriving green economy enhances this effect because as green businesses grow, they demand services and goods, stimulating other local businesses and creating a cycle of positive economic growth.

Community Awareness & Capacity Building
A number of the GHG measures presented in this plan center around expanding community awareness of climate change and building capacity for resilience. Educating community members on climate hazards and vulnerabilities lays a foundation for informed action. Enhanced awareness of climate threats increases individual and collective capacity for communities to address climate change in their day-to-day lives, as part of their sustainability activities including commutes, purchases, material discards, and other actions. Residents become more empowered to take action when they are well informed and are also better able to participate directly in planning processes.

This also helps to increase local support for cities to invest resources and funding for climate action.

Parks and Urban Greening
Urban greening measures contribute to lower GHG emissions by increasing energy efficiency and reducing the urban heat island effect. Green spaces have been shown to improve mental and physical health outcomes, increase property values, encourage social cohesion, and improve air quality. For priority populations these efforts are particularly beneficial as these communities are often located in environments with fewer green amenities or limited access to green spaces.

Urban greening provides aesthetic improvements to the environment and promotes physical activity, improved physical and mental health, placemaking and community gathering, and outdoor recreation. Urban greening measures can improve air quality by producing oxygen and trapping particulate matter and other pollutants on leaf surfaces. Urban greening can also mitigate hazards such as stormwater flooding and the urban heat island effect, to which low-income communities are particularly vulnerable.

Community Resilience
Measures that promote community resilience can be particularly beneficial to priority populations, which typically have a lower capacity to adapt to climate change hazards. With fewer resources, priority populations face greater challenges in anticipating, preparing for, and recovering from climate-related shocks like heat waves, wildfires, and flood events, as well as infrastructure disruptions such as power outages and stormwater system backups. Measures that promote urban greening, energy efficiency, water conservation, and other sustainability benefits not only reduce GHG emissions but also enhance overall community resilience for these populations.
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GHG Reduction Measure Co-Benefits Analysis
The GHG reduction measures in this plan will bring both direct and indirect co-benefits to communities throughout the Inland Empire. The three regional measures in the CCAP are assessed individually, while the CCAP’s extensive local measures, as outlined in Section 6 for CVAG, SBCOG and WRCOG, are grouped into categories that represent an overarching strategy (e.g., Shift to Renewable Energy) to facilitate the co-benefits assessment. Measures within an overarching strategy are expected to yield similar co-benefits. In some cases, an individual measure has been grouped with more than one strategy.

Table 4-1 summarizes the anticipated co-benefits associated with each regional measure and with each grouping of local measures included in the CCAP that have similar characteristics in terms of how they provide co-benefits. These co-benefits are discussed in the following section. The table also identifies the Air Quality Co-benefits Category that represents each measure or measure grouping, which is used in the co-pollutants analysis at the end of the chapter. 223

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Table 4-1
Summary of Anticipated Co-Benefits

Air Quality
Co-benefits
Category
Air
Pollution
Other
Pollution
Public
Health
Resource
Conservation
Economic
Development
Community Awareness &
Capacity Building
Parks and Urban
Greening
Community
Resilience
Regional GHG Reduction Measures
EV
Infrastructure
Vehicle
Electrification X X X X X X
Decarbonize
Existing
Buildings
Building &
Appliance
Electrification

X X X X X X
Goods
Movement
Vehicle
Electrification X X X X
Local GHG Reduction Measures
Building and
Appliance
Electrification
Building
Electrification X X X X X X
Energy
Efficiency
and
Resilience
Energy
Efficiency X X X X X X
Green
Building and
Urban Design
Energy
Efficiency X X X X X X X
Shift to
Renewable
Energy
Renewable
Energy X X X X X X X
Reduce VMT
through Land
Use Changes
VMT
Reduction X X X X X X
Clean
Vehicles and
Reduced
Tailpipe
Emissions
Vehicle
Electrification

X X X X
Mode Shift VMT
Reduction X X x X X X
Expand and
Improve
Transit
VMT
Reduction X X X X
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Table 4-1
Summary of Anticipated Co-Benefits

X X X X X X X
Water
Conservation
Energy
Efficiency X X X
Expand
Community
Resilience
NA

X X X
Promote
Sustainable
Business
Practices
NA

X X X
Expand
Carbon
Sequestration
NA

X X X X
Local
Agriculture

NA X X X X
NOTES:

NA – Not assessed by the CCAP for air quality benefits. 225

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Regional Measures
Light Duty EV Infrastructure
Expansion of EV infrastructure will help support a faster transition to zero emission vehicles and yield significant GHG reductions locally and regionally, especially for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. This transition will provide direct co-benefits for improved air quality and public health.

Additional indirect benefits can accrue from lower healthcare costs related to hospital visits for respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, which are frequently exacerbated in populations residing closer to major corridors, as well as decreased noise pollution attributed to ZEVs. This is particularly important for dense, residential clusters located near major roadways and goods movement corridors, where many priority populations reside. Publicly available EV infrastructure also expands options for personal vehicle ownership.

Decarbonize Existing Buildings
Existing buildings contribute significantly to regional GHG emissions due to their energy needs for heating and cooling. Generally, decarbonizing existing buildings requires a transition to renewable electricity as a primary energy source, along with increased energy efficiency and more reliance on renewable or low-carbon fuels where a shift to electrification is not feasible.

Building electrification can provide multiple co-benefits for lower-income and rent-burdened households, including reduced utility bills, better indoor air quality and improved energy resilience.

Decarbonize Goods Movement
Goods movement is a significant and key marker of Southern California's economy. However, goods movement corridors often traverse dense urban communities, affecting local and regional air quality and posing significant exposure and risk to public health. A map of priority populations in relation to goods movement infrastructure in western Riverside-San Bernardino- Ontario MSA is shown in Figure 4-2 Decarbonizing goods movement involves vehicle electrification and a transition to cleaner fuels, which reduces air pollution and leads to improved public health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. Moreover, the transition to decarbonized goods movement holds the potential to mitigate noise pollution, fostering a quieter and more pleasant living environment for nearby residents. Ultimately, these co-benefits contribute to the creation of healthier and more resilient communities.

Local Measures
Building and Appliance Electrification
Building and appliance electrification can lead to several health and economic co-benefits. The adoption of electric appliances and systems can lead to significant energy cost savings for residents. Electric appliances are generally more energy-efficient, reducing utility bills and alleviating the financial burden on low-income households. Additionally, the shift away from fossil fuel-powered appliances, such as gas stoves and water heaters, can contribute to improved indoor air quality and improved health outcomes.
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Figure 4-2 CalEPA Priority Populations and Goods Movement in Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA

SOURCE: Caltrans, 2024; CCI, 2024; ESA, 2025
Furthermore, the introduction of reach codes for new buildings that go beyond the state’s minimum requirements can result in the construction of more energy-efficient and sustainable housing options for priority populations. This can translate into more comfortable and healthier living conditions, as well as a decreased reliance on fossil fuels.

The electrification of landscaping equipment and the replacement of older, inefficient appliances with electric alternatives can also promote environmental sustainability and reduce noise pollution in these communities. Table 4-2 identifies local measures that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to support building and appliance electrification.

Table 4-2
Building and Appliance Electrification Measures
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LE-4 Building and Appliance Electrification
WRCOG LE-8 Reach Codes for New Buildings - Going Beyond Title 24 CVAG Measures
CVAG Energy-1 Building Electrification
CVAG Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG MO-31,32,33 Upgrade Existing Home Appliances
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Table 4-2
Building and Appliance Electrification Measures
Regional: SBCOG Energy-3 Building Electrification

Energy Efficiency
The implementation of energy efficiency measures can result in a variety of co-benefits by way of reducing financial burdens associated with energy costs, improving quality of life in urban and climate-impacted areas, and promoting more widespread access to resources. For example, improving energy efficiency of existing buildings, whether residential, commercial, or municipal, can lead to substantial reductions in energy usage and associated bills. This financial relief is particularly impactful for low-income households where utility costs can account for a significant proportion of their monthly budget.

Other measures such as energy efficiency workshops and programs tailored for priority populations can empower residents with knowledge and skills to manage their energy consumption more effectively, leading to long-term behavioral changes that contribute to further savings and environmental benefits. Things like upgrades in traffic and street lighting not only enhance community safety but also reduce municipal energy costs, freeing up public funds that can be reinvested in local communities.

The introduction of energy performance targets for new and existing constructions ensures that buildings are not only more cost-effective to maintain but also healthier to live in. Improved insulation, air sealing, and the installation of ENERGY STAR certified appliances and fixtures like ceiling fans and LED bulbs enhance indoor air quality and comfort, reducing health risks associated with poor insulation and ventilation.

Promoting energy efficiency for low-income populations and incentivizing home energy assessments directly engages residents in energy-saving practices. These initiatives, coupled with support for the deployment of new technologies like occupant-controlled smart thermostats and solar window films, ensure that the latest advancements in energy efficiency are accessible to all.

Additionally, larger infrastructure projects like the Sanitary District WRP Energy Efficiency Project and the Coachella Valley Water Authority Well Site Energy Improvements not only enhance the resilience and efficiency of essential public services but also present opportunities for local job creation and skill development in emerging green sectors. Table 4-3 identifies local measures that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to improve energy efficiency and resilience.

Table 4-3
Energy Efficiency Measures
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LE-3 Improve Energy Efficiency of Existing Buildings WRCOG LE-5 Traffic & Street Light Upgrades
County of Riverside Measure 1.1 Energy Efficiency Training, Education, and Recognition in the Residential Sector County of Riverside Measure 1.2 Increase Community Participation in Existing Energy Efficiency Programs County of Riverside Measure 1.3 Home Energy Evaluations County of Riverside Measure 1.4 Residential Home Energy Renovations County of Riverside Measure 2.1 Exceed Energy Efficiency Standards County of Riverside Measure 3.1 Energy Efficiency Training, Education, and Recognition in Commercial Sector County of Riverside Measure 3.2 Increase Business Participation in Existing Energy Efficiency Programs County of Riverside Measure 3.3 Non-Residential Building Energy Audits County of Riverside Measure 3.4 Non-Residential Building Retrofits 228

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Table 4-3
Energy Efficiency Measures
County of Riverside Measure 4.1 Exceed Energy Efficiency Standards County of Riverside Measure 6.2 Light-Reflecting Surfaces for Energy Saving CVAG Measures
CVAG Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures
CVAG Energy-3 Smart Thermostat
CVAG Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic Encapsulation CVAG Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG Energy-1 Energy Efficiency for Existing Buildings: Education and Outreach SBCOG Energy-2 Promote Energy Efficiency in Low-Income Residents SBCOG Energy-1 Promote Commercial and Industrial Facility Commissioning Regional: SBCOG Energy-3 Energy Efficiency for Existing Buildings Regional: SBCOG Energy-2 Outdoor Lighting
Regional: SBCOG Wastewater-2 Equipment Upgrades

Green Building and Urban Design
The implementation of green building and urban design measures holds numerous co-benefits for priority populations when tailored to ensure improvements for these communities. The planting of shade trees and the incorporation of cool roofs and pavements can mitigate the urban heat island effect, providing relief from extreme heat during hot summers. This is especially crucial for priority populations, as they often reside in areas with limited green spaces.

Moreover, the emphasis on green building practices can help ensure that housing in priority populations becomes more sustainable and affordable in the long term. Energy-efficient structures and the use of renewable materials can lower utility costs, making housing more affordable for low-income individuals and families. Additionally, the creation and preservation of urban forests, parks, open spaces, and rooftop gardens contribute to improved mental and physical well-being by offering recreational opportunities and green spaces for relaxation.

Urban tree planting initiatives and GHG performance standards for new development can further reduce air pollution, mitigate the effects of climate change, and promote healthier communities.

Overall, the integration of these green building and urban design measures in a way that prioritizes the needs of priority populations will result in cooler, more energy-efficient, affordable, and environmentally friendly neighborhoods. Table 4-4 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to support green building and urban design.

Table 4-4
Green Building and Urban Design Measures
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LE-6 Shade Trees
WRCOG LE-7 Cool Roofs and Pavements
County of Riverside Measure 6.1 Tree Planting for Shading and Energy Saving County of Riverside Measure 6.2 Light-Reflecting Surfaces for Energy Saving CVAG Measures
CVAG Energy-5 Solar Window Film
CVAG Energy-6 Cool Roofs
CVAG Agriculture-1 Urban Tree Planting
SBCOG Measures
Regional: SBCOG Land Use-1 Promote Rooftop Gardens
Regional: SBCOG Land Use-2 Urban Tree Planting
Regional: SBCOG PS-1 GHG Performance Standard for New Development

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Shift to Renewable Energy
Energy production is fundamental for powering essential aspects of daily life, from heating and cooling homes to operating appliances and medical equipment. The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy offers several co-benefits for priority population. For example, traditional energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas significantly contribute to GHG emissions and air pollution, impacting both climate change and public health.

The adoption of Community Choice Energy/Green Grid Offerings and the expansion of local renewable energy production can lead to more affordable and accessible clean energy options for priority population residents. This can also result in lower electricity bills, reducing the financial strain on low-income households. Similarly, upgrading municipal facilities to incorporate renewable energy not only reduces emissions but can also generate cost savings that the community can reinvest in programs and services. Other benefits can come from the development of alternative energy sources and the utilization of open spaces for renewable energy projects which can create job opportunities within priority populations, contributing to economic development.

The promotion of Net Zero Buildings and the inclusion of electric charging infrastructure in renewable energy master plans ensure that priority populations have access to energy-efficient and sustainable housing options and transportation choices, reducing both energy costs and emissions. Measures related to solar installations and on-farm renewable energy generation can provide priority populations with cleaner and more affordable energy sources.

Overall, measures focused on shifting to renewable energy offer opportunities for reduced energy costs, job creation, improved housing and transportation options, and enhanced environmental quality, ultimately improving the well-being of residents throughout the region. Table 4-5 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to support the shift to renewable energy.

Table 4-5
Renewable Energy Measures
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LE-1 Expand Local Renewable Energy Production
WRCOG LE-2 Community Choice Energy/Green Grid Offerings County of Riverside Measure 9.1 Promote Clean Energy
County of Riverside Measure 9.2 Join Community Choice Aggregation Program CVAG Measures
CVAG Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial and Industrial Development CVAG Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and Existing Warehouse Space CVAG Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes
CVAG Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing Commercial and Industrial Buildings SBCOG Measures
Regional: SBCOG Energy-4 Solar Installations for New Commercial/Industrial Development Regional: SBCOG Energy-5 On-site Solar Energy for New and Existing Warehouse Space Regional: SBCOG Energy-6 Solar Installations for Existing Housing Regional: SBCOG Energy-7 Solar Installations for Existing Commercial Buildings Regional: SBCOG Wastewater-1 Methane Recovery
Regional: SBCOG Agriculture-1 Methane Capture at Large Dairies

Reduce VMT Through Land Use Changes
The design of the built environment significantly impacts reliance on motorized vehicles, determining the extent to which vehicle travel is necessary or avoidable. Strategic land use 230

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changes can support reductions in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) by encouraging a concentration of uses which minimizes car dependency. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) through land use changes presents several co-benefits for priority populations.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and the expansion of public transportation, such as a Metrolink expansion, can improve accessibility to jobs, education, and essential services, reducing the need for car ownership and associated expenses. Citywide zoning code updates and subdivision ordinances that prioritize mixed-use and connected development can be used to foster vibrant neighborhoods with access to various amenities, enhancing the overall quality of life for priority populations. Improved access to housing is another co-benefit. Policies related to parking requirements, increased housing density, and enhanced land use diversity can lead to more affordable housing options within these communities. This can alleviate housing cost burdens, making it easier for low-income residents to find suitable accommodation.

In summary, measures aimed at reducing VMT through land use changes, when tailored to the needs of priority populations, offer co-benefits that include increased access to affordable housing, improved transportation options, economic development, reduced urban sprawl, and enhanced environmental quality. Table 4-6 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to reduce VMT through land use changes.

Table 4-6
VMT Reduction Measures
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LT-4 Parking Pricing and Limited Requirements
WRCOG LT-7 Increase Housing Density
WRCOG LT-8 Increase Land Use Diversity
WRCOG LT-9 Transit Oriented Development
WRCOG: RT-1 (Regional) Metrolink Expansion
CVAG Measures
CVAG On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density
CVAG On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity
CVAG On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG Parking Policy and Event Parking
SBCOG 8 Smart Growth and Infill - mix-use development

Clean Vehicles and Fuel Switching
Policy measures related to clean vehicles and reduced tailpipe emissions (fuel switching measures) can result in co-benefits for priority populations in the form of improved air quality, enhanced mobility, and cost-savings. For example, traffic signal coordination and idling ordinances can reduce congestion, leading to lower emissions and better air quality. This is of particular importance for priority populations located near high traffic surface streets who are exposed to pollutants from nearby vehicles. Reducing tailpipe emissions through local and regional Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) initiatives benefits priority populations in the form of improved air quality.

These initiatives can be coupled with efforts to make ZEVs more accessible to priority populations that may not have access to electric vehicle charging at home. Mobility for priority populations is further enhanced by programs like Electric Bike and Scooter Programs and Golf Cart Routes, which offer affordable and eco-friendly transportation alternatives. Other vehicle 231

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transition programs like Neighborhood Electric Vehicles program and Community Fleet Electrification along with Electric-Powered Construction Equipment initiatives not only provide cleaner transportation options but also create local job opportunities in maintenance and operation, fostering economic growth within these communities. Table 4-7 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to support clean vehicles and reduce tailpipe emissions.

Table 4-7
Clean Vehicles and Fuel Switching Measures
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LT-6 Traffic Signal Coordination and Calming Measures WRCOG LT-10 Expanded ZEV Infrastructure and ZEV Purchases WRCOG: RT-3 (Regional) Goods Movement Decarbonization
County of Riverside Measure 7.4 Electrify the Fleet
CVAG Measures
CVAG On-Road-3 Light-Duty Electric Vehicle Infrastructure CVAG On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to Zero Emission Vehicles CVAG Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment Electrification
CVAG Off-Road-1 Lawn and Garden Equipment Electrification SBCOG Measures
SBCOG G-2, G-3 Install Community Charging Stations
Regional: SBCOG On-Road-1 Alternative Fueled Transit Fleets – CNG to Electric Regional: SBCOG Transportation-5 Community Fleet Electrification Regional: SBCOG Off-Road-1 Electric-Powered Construction Equipment Regional: SBCOG Off-Road-2 Idling Ordinance
Regional: SBCOG Off-Road-3 Electric Landscaping Equipment

Mode Shift
Implementing measures that minimize the presence and duration of cars on the road plays a pivotal role in lowering community GHG emissions. These measures can also have co-benefits for priority populations that result from improved local environmental conditions.

Enhanced bicycle transportation systems offer priority population residents accessible and eco- friendly transportation alternatives, reducing the financial burden associated with car ownership.

These measures encourage cycling as a mode of transport, providing a cost-effective way for community members to access jobs, schools, and essential services. Additionally, enhancing pedestrian infrastructure, along with Safe Routes to School initiatives, ensures safer and more convenient mobility options for students and families in these communities, promoting active and healthier lifestyles while reducing the need for car trips. These combined efforts contribute to reduced transportation costs and improved overall well-being for priority populations.

Carshare and carpool programs, coupled with Transportation Demand Management strategies, provide priority populations with cost-effective transportation alternatives, reducing their reliance on private vehicles and associated expenses. These measures not only improve access to jobs, education, and essential services but also contribute to improved air quality in priority populations.

Overall, Mode Shift measures offer co-benefits that include enhanced access to affordable and sustainable transportation options, improved safety, reduced transportation costs, and healthier living environments for priority populations. Table 4-8 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to support mode shift.
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Table 4-8
Mode Shift
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LT-1 Bicycle Infrastructure Improvements
WRCOG LT-2 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements
WRCOG LT-3 Carshare & Carpool Programs
WRCOG: RT-2 (Regional) Transportation Demand Management County of Riverside Measure 7.1 Alternative Transportation Options County of Riverside Measure 7.2 Adopt & Implement Bicycle Master Plan to Expand Bike Routes around the County County of Riverside Measure 7.3 Ride-Sharing and Bike-to-Work Programs within Businesses CVAG Measures
CVAG On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements
CVAG On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility Infrastructure Improvements CVAG On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management
CVAG On-Road-10 Parking Pricing and Limited Requirements SBCOG Measures
Regional: SBCOG Transportation-2 Encourage Use of Mass Transit, Carpooling, Ridesharing, and Telecommuting Regional: SBCOG Transportation-3 Improved Efficiency through Transportation Demand Management and Signal Synchronization
Regional: SBCOG Transportation-4 Expand Bike Routes

Expand and Improve Transit
Fostering an accessible urban mobility landscape through targeted measures benefits priority populations when done in a way that addresses their specific transportation needs. These measures can also contribute to improved environmental conditions for community members.

Increasing transit service frequency and subsidizing transit costs can significantly enhance transportation affordability and mobility resources for priority population residents. These measures facilitate easier access to employment, education, and healthcare facilities while also reducing the financial burden of transportation.

The introduction of dockless/micromobility and new mobility programs, coupled with the expansion of public transit options and "Last Mile" connectivity, promises to bridge existing gaps in transit systems. These interventions cater to the unique needs of priority populations, offering flexible, cost-effective, and efficient transportation alternatives. By promoting mass transit and implementing smart bus technologies, priority populations benefit from improved travel times and transit reliability, which support a high quality of life and economic opportunities. Table 4-9 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to expand and improve transit services.

Table 4-9
Expand and Improve Transit
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LT-5 Increase Transit Service/Frequency
WRCOG LT-11 Subsidized Transit
WRCOG LT-12 Congestion Pricing/Express Lanes
CVAG Measures
CVAG On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency
CVAG On-Road-11 Traffic Signal Coordination
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG On Road-2 SBCOG Smart Bus technologies

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Materials Recycling and Waste Reduction
Materials recycling and waste reduction measures offer a range of co-benefits for priority populations. These measures reduce hazards associated with improper waste disposal, which can lead to improved air and water quality. Recovering and reusing materials, as emphasized in recycling and waste reduction efforts, can stimulate local economic opportunities within priority populations by creating jobs and supporting recycling industries. Similarly, initiatives like zero waste programs and greener waste management practices can generate local jobs in waste management, food recovery, and composting, providing valuable economic opportunities within priority populations. In addition to job creation, collaboration with local food banks, through food share strategies, can help improve food access in these communities, addressing food insecurity issues. Public education and outreach components can be used to empower residents with knowledge about sustainable waste practices, fostering a sense of environmental stewardship and community engagement.

Overall, these measures offer co-benefits that encompass economic opportunities, improved food access, environmental enhancements, and community empowerment, collectively contributing to the well-being and resilience of priority populations. Table 4-10 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to support materials recycling and reduce waste.

Table 4-10
Materials Recycling and Waste Reduction
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LR-1 Zero Waste Initiatives (exceed state mandates) County of Riverside Measure 8.1 Reduce Waste to Landfills CVAG Measures
CVAG Waste-1 Construction and Demolition Waste Diversion CVAG Waste-2 Solid Waste Diversion
CVAG Waste-3 Food Waste and Organics Diversion
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG 20 Construction and Demolition Waste Recovery Ordinance Regional: SBCOG Waste-1 Waste Diversion
Water Conservation
By decreasing water consumption and promoting efficient water use, these measures can lead to reduced energy demands for water treatment and distribution. Pumping, treating, and transporting water requires a significant amount of energy, primarily derived from fossil fuels, contributing to GHG emissions. Additionally, the promotion of water conservation and efficient practices, as seen in public education campaigns, rebate programs, and ordinances, can result in reduced water heating needs, further reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions. Reduced energy demands in water treatment and distribution translate into potential cost savings that can directly benefit financially vulnerable communities. Table 4-11 identifies local strategies that WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG have adopted to conserve water.

Table 4-11
Water Conservation
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LW-1 Increase Recycled Water Use
County of Riverside Measure 5.1 Water Efficiency through Enhanced Implementation of SB X7-7 County of Riverside Measure 5.2 Exceed Water Efficiency Standards CVAG Measures
CVAG Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use
CVAG Water-2 Water Conservation
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Table 4-11
Water Conservation
CVAG Wastewater-1 Water and Wastewater
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG Local WW-1, wastewater-3 Recycled Water
SBCOG Local W-1 Develop Programs to Promote Water Efficiency and Conservation Regional: SBCOG Water-1 Require Adoption of the Voluntary CALGREEN water efficiency measures for New Construction
Regional: SBCOG Water-2 Require Adoption of the Voluntary CALGREEN water efficiency measures for Existing Buildings
Regional: SBCOG Water-3 Encourage Water-Efficient Landscaping Practices

Expand Community Resilience
Measures that increase community resilience to climate change are particularly vital for priority populations as they are often most vulnerable to climate-related hazards. Heat island mitigation measures, for example, help make neighborhoods more livable even during the hottest times of the year. These mitigation measures coupled with placemaking efforts help create accessible neighborhoods where people enjoy spending time in their own community, reducing the need for long commutes and costs associated with traveling. Weatherization programs that offer financial assistance to communities for home improvements are especially beneficial when oriented to priority populations. These programs help ensure communities have proper insulation and efficient filtration systems, which reduce energy costs and improve living conditions. Formalized vulnerability assessments also help highlight the unique conditions within a particular community that need attention in the face of changing climate conditions. Resilience centers with programming and resources support communities before, during, and after disasters.

Communities with these resources are then better equipped to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change, leading to improved sustainability and quality of life in the face of environmental challenges. Table 4-12 identifies local strategies that SBCOG has adopted to increase community resilience.

Table 4-12
Expand Community Resilience
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG 26 Climate Change Awareness and Education

Promote Sustainable Business Practices
Promoting sustainable business practices can yield benefits for low income and pollution burdened communities. The development of sustainable cannabis grow facilities and eco-friendly commercial buildings can lead to a healthier local environment. When designed and managed in resource-conscious ways these businesses can reduce waste and emissions, and even incorporate green spaces into their design, which collectively contribute to better air and water quality in the surrounding areas. Additionally, an emphasis on green jobs opens up new employment opportunities for residents of priority populations. These jobs, which are often in the forefront of sustainable practices and renewable energy technologies, provide employment and skills training in fast-growing, future-proof industries. This can lead to a more resilient local economy and greater job security for community members. Table 4-13 identifies local strategies that SBCOG has adopted to promote sustainable business practices.
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Table 4-13
Promote Sustainable Business Practices
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG 28 Green Jobs

Expand Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration measures can greatly improve air quality, as trees and plants act as natural air filters, absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen. The implementation of shade trees, parks, and rooftop gardens provides natural cooling, reducing the need for air conditioning and thus lowering energy bills. Furthermore, tree give-away programs and initiatives promoting local gardens empower residents of priority populations to actively participate in environmental stewardship. This involvement can foster a sense of community ownership and responsibility towards local environments, while also providing educational opportunities regarding sustainability and climate action. These measures can also create job opportunities in priority populations, offering employment in the planting, maintenance, and care of these green spaces.

Table 4-14 identifies local strategies that WRCOG and SBCOG have adopted to expand carbon sequestration.

Table 4-14
Expand Carbon Sequestration
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LE-6 Shade Trees
CVAG Measures
CVAG Agriculture-1 Urban Tree Planting
SBCOG Measures
SBCOG 27 Carbon Sequestration
REGIONAL: SBCOG Land Use-1 Promote Rooftop Gardens
REGIONAL: SBCOG Land Use-2 Urban Tree Planting
Local Agriculture
A large share of GHG emissions result from food production, including transportation, refrigeration, deforestation for farming, and other food system processes. In addition to reducing GHG emissions from food production, this measure provides benefits to priority populations by supporting local farms, community gardens, and sustainable food production.

For priority populations, access to locally produced, fresh food from community gardens and local farms is particularly valuable. Choosing such options not only lowers GHG emissions associated with food production but also improves community health by addressing health disparities often faced in these communities with limited food access. Local food production and community gardens can lead to the creation of local jobs, enhancing economic resilience within these communities, and improving overall well-being. Sustainable organic farming and production methods can further promote healthier food options. Additionally, local food production reduces emissions related to transportation, as less fuel is needed to transport food to consumers. Thus, supporting local agriculture and community gardens not only addresses environmental concerns but also provides numerous co-benefits that positively impact the lives and livelihoods of priority populations. Table 4-15 identifies local strategies that WRCOG and CVAG have adopted to support local agriculture.
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Table 4-15
Local Agriculture
WRCOG Measures
WRCOG LA-1 Local Agriculture/Community Gardens
CVAG Measures
CVAG Agriculture-2 Local Agriculture and Community Gardens Co-pollutant Analysis
Reduction measures are grouped into one of five different co-pollutant quantification categories as identified in Table 4-16. The emission factors and example calculations for each quantification category are listed in the subsections below.

Building Electrification
As stated above, the electrification of buildings and appliances can lead to better air quality and health outcomes. Specifically, electrification would limit the end-use combustion of natural gas leading to reductions in key criteria air pollutants, namely nitrous oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). Table 4-16 provides the relevant emission factors that can be utilized to estimate the avoided air pollutants as a result of electrification of buildings.

Table 4-16
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Electrification Measures Avoided Air Pollutants from Electrification a
Land Use Type Units NOx SOx PM2.5 VOC CO
Residential lbs/MMBtu 0.0922 0.0006 0.0075 0.0054 0.0392 Commercial/Industrial lbs/MMBtu 0.0980 0.0006 0.0075 0.0054 0.0824 NOTES:
a – Natural gas combustion emission factors are derived from EPA’s AP -42: Compilation of Air Emissions Factors from Stationary Sources.

Available: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-factors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emissions-factors-stationary-sources

For example, using these emissions factors, a building electrification measure that reduces residential natural gas use by 1,000 MMBtu would result in an estimated reduction of 92 lbs of NOx, 0.6 lbs of SOx, 7.5 lbs of PM2.5, and 5.4 lbs of VOCs.115 Energy Efficiency
Like electrification, energy efficiency of buildings can lead to better air quality and health outcomes. Specifically, energy efficiency reduces the upstream combustion of natural gas and the generation of electricity leading to reductions in key criteria air pollutants, namely nitrous oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). Table 4-17 provides the relevant emission factors that can be utilized to estimate the avoided air pollutants that result from improving the energy efficiency of buildings.

Table 4-17
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Electrification Measures Land Use Type Avoided Air Pollutants from Energy Efficiency Fuel Type a,b Units NOx SOx PM2.5 VOC CO
Residential Natural Gas lbs/MMBtu 0.0922 0.0006 0.0075 0.0054 0.0392 Commercial/Industrial Natural Gas lbs/MMBtu 0.0980 0.0006 0.0075 0.0054 0.0824 Residential Electricity lbs/MWh 0.17 0.03 0.04 0.02 N/A Commercial/Industrial Electricity lbs/MWh 0.17 0.03 0.04 0.02 N/A

115 1,000 MMBtu x Air pollutant emission factor (lbs/MMBtu) = Avoided air pollutant emissions (lbs) 237

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Table 4-17
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Electrification Measures Land Use Type Avoided Air Pollutants from Energy Efficiency Fuel Type a,b Units NOx SOx PM2.5 VOC CO
NOTES:
a – Natural gas combustion emission factors are derived from EPA’s AP -42: Compilation of Air Emissions Factors from Stationary Sources.

Available: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-factors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emissions-factors-stationary-sources b – Electricity emission factors are derived from EPA’s Avoided Emissions and geneRation (AVERT) Tool. Available: https://www.epa.gov/avert

For example, using these emissions factors, an energy efficiency measure that reduces commercial natural gas use by 500 MMBtu and commercial electricity by 625 MWh would result in a reduction of 153.2 lbs of NOx, 18.9 lbs of SOx, 31.7 lbs of PM2.5, and 12.9 lbs of VOCs.116 Renewable Energy
Renewable energy can lead to better air quality and public health. Specifically, use of renewable eliminates the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. This results in a reduction of key criteria air pollutants, namely nitrous oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). Table 4-18 provides the relevant emission factors that can be utilized to estimate the avoided air pollutants as a result of renewable energy adoption.

For example, using these emissions factors, a rooftop solar measure that includes the installation of 5 MW of solar capacity in the community in Riverside, California would generate 8,515 MWh of electricity which would result in the avoidance of 256.1 lbs of NOx, 35.6 lbs of SOx, 70.2 lbs of PM2.5, and 26.2 lbs of VOCs.117
VMT Reduction
Reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) improves air quality by decreasing tailpipe emissions of harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which contribute to ground-level ozone and smog formation. Fewer miles driven means less fuel burned in engines powered by fossil fuels, particularly gasoline and diesel, which are major sources of these criteria pollutants. This results in cleaner air, particularly in urban areas with heavy traffic, and leads to public health benefits such as reduced respiratory illnesses, asthma attacks, and premature deaths associated with poor

116 500 MMBtu x air pollutant emission factor (lbs/MMBtu) = Avoided air pollutant emissions from natural gas (lbs) 625 MWh x air pollutant emission factor (lbs/MWh) = Avoided air pollutant emissions from electricity (lbs) Avoided air pollutant emissions from natural gas (lbs) + Avoided air pollutant emissions from electricity (lbs) = Total avoided air pollutants (lbs).
117 5 MW of solar capacity x 1.703 MWh/MW of capacity (PVWatts solar production rate for Riverside, CA) = 8,515 MWh x air pollutant emission factor (lbs/MWh) = Avoided air pollutant emissions from renewable electricity (lbs) Table 4-18
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Renewable Energy Measures Measure Category Avoided Air Pollutants from Energy Efficiency Units NOx SOx PM2.5 VOC CO
Distributed Solar a, b lbs/MWh 0.030 0.004 0.008 0.003 N/A Community Choice Aggregation c lbs/MWh 0.392 0.020 0.028 0.019 N/A NOTES:
a – Electricity emission factors are derived from EPA’s AVERT Tool. Available: https://www.epa.gov/avert b – Location-specific electricity generation resulting from installed solar capacity can be estimated by using NREL’s PVWatts Calculator. Available:
https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/pvwatts.php
c – Electricity emission factors for switching to a CCA are derived from EPA’s eGRID Tool and represents the Statewide grid avera ge emission rates for the power mix in 2021 (latest year available).
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air quality. Table 4-19 provides the relevant emission factors that can be utilized to estimate the avoided air pollutants as a result of VMT reduction.

Table 4-19
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for VMT Reductions a
Vehicle Type b Avoided Air Pollutants from VMT Reductions(g/mile) NOx SOx PM2.5 VOC CO
Passenger 0.057 0.003 0.005 0.111 0.878
Truck 1.687 0.012 0.058 0.073 0.809
Bus 0.984 0.007 0.031 0.121 14.30
NOTES
a – Vehicle emission factors are derived from CARB’s EMFAC2021 model and are specific to the MSA. Emissions factors are calculate d for year 2030 and are a weighted average of all fuel types. EMFAC2021 available: https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions- inventory/45fa18544df1284f533a4c608498ccca09329ce7
b – EMFAC2021 vehicle categories were organized into three vehicle types: passenger, truck, and bus. Passenger vehicles include t he following EMFAC vehicle categories: LDA, LDT1, LDT2, MCY, and MDV). Trucks include the following EMFAC vehicle categories: LHD1 , LHD2, T6 CAIRP Class 4-7,T6 Delivery, T6 Instate, T6 OOS Class 4-7, T6 Public Class 4-7, T6TS, T7 (all) Class 8, T7IS. Busses include the following EMFAC vehicle categories: OBUS, SBUS, PTO, UBUS, All Other Buses.

For example, using these emissions factors, a measure that reduces 1,500,000 passenger VMT per year would result in the avoidance of 188.5 lbs of NOx, 9.9 lbs of SOx, 16.5 lbs of PM2.5, 367.1 lbs of VOCs, and 2,903.5 lbs of CO.118
Vehicle Electrification
Vehicle electrification refers to the replacement of fossil fuel-powered vehicles with electric- powered or other cleaner fuel-powered (e.g. hydrogen) alternatives. Switching from fossil fuel- powered vehicles to zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) improves air quality by eliminating tailpipe emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are major contributors to smog and poor air quality. Since ZEVs produce no direct emissions during operation, they significantly reduce localized air pollution, especially in high-traffic areas. Table 4-20 includes the relevant on road emission factors that can be utilized to estimate the avoided air pollutants as a result of vehicle electrification.

Table 4-20
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Fuel Switching a
Vehicle Type b Fuel Type Emission Factor (g/mile)
NOx SOx PM2.5 VOC CO
Passenger c
Gasoline 0.0652 0.0028 0.0047 0.1247 0.9963
Diesel 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005
Electricity 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
Trucks
Gasoline 0.0284 0.0007 0.0028 0.0226 0.2049
Diesel 1.6557 0.0111 0.0545 0.0499 0.5795
Electric 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000
Natural Gas 0.0026 0.0000 0.0002 0.0001 0.0244
Bus
Gasoline 0.1075 0.0041 0.0063 0.0858 0.6199
Diesel 0.7392 0.0026 0.0065 0.0130 0.0634
Electric 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000
Natural Gas 0.1375 0.0000 0.0178 0.0221 13.6168
NOTES:
a – Vehicle emission factors are derived from CARB’s EMFAC2021 model and are specific to the MSA. Emissions factors are calculate d for year 2030 and are a weighted average of all EMFAC vehicle categories per fuel type associated with either passenger vehicles , trucks, or buses. EMFAC2021 available: https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions-inventory/45fa18544df1284f533a4c608498ccca09329ce7 b – EMFAC2021 vehicle categories were organized into three vehicle types: passenger, truck, and bus. Passenger vehicles include t he following EMFAC vehicle categories: LDA, LDT1, LDT2, MCY, and MDV). Trucks include the following EMFAC vehicle categories:

118 1,500,000 passenger VMT x air pollutant emission factor (g/mile) ÷ 453.592 g/lb = Avoided air pollutant emissions (lbs/yr)
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Table 4-20
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Fuel Switching a
Vehicle Type b Fuel Type Emission Factor (g/mile)
NOx SOx PM2.5 VOC CO
LHD1, LHD2, T6 CAIRP Class 4-7,T6 Delivery, T6 Instate, T6 OOS Class 4-7, T6 Public Class 4-7, T6TS, T7 (all) Class 8, T7IS. Busses include the following EMFAC vehicle categories: OBUS, SBUS, PTO, UBUS, All Other Buses. c – EMFAC2021 assumes that a negligible number of passenger vehicles are natural gas -powered in year 2030, therefore natural gas emission factors are not presented for passenger vehicles.

For example, using the emissions factors for PM2.5, if a measure were to convert 200,000 VMT from gasoline-powered passenger vehicles to electric-powered vehicles, the result would be 2 lbs of avoided PM2.5 emissions.119
Table 4-21 includes the relevant emission factors that can be utilized to estimate the avoided air pollutants as a result of off-road vehicle electrification.

Table 4-21
Air Pollutant Emission Factors for Off-Road Vehicle Electrification a Vehicle Type b Horsepower Tier Emission Factor (g/bhp-hr) NOx VOC PM10
Construction Equipment
25-49 1 5.26 1.32 0.48
25-49 2 4.63 0.22 0.28
25-49 Tier 4 (Interim) 4.55 0.09 0.128
25-49 Tier 4 (Final) 2.75 0.09 0.009
50-74 1 6.54 0.9 0.552
50-74 2 4.75 0.17 0.192
50-74 3 2.74 0.09 0.192
50-74 Tier 4 (Interim) 2.74 0.09 0.112
50-74 Tier 4 (Final) 2.74 0.09 0.009
75-99 1 6.54 0.9 0.552
75-99 2 4.75 0.17 0.192
75-99 3 2.74 0.09 0.112
75-99 4 (Phase-In) 2.15 0.08 0.009
75-99 4 (Final) 0.26 0.05 0.009
Lawn mowers (residential) All N/A 2.436 N/A 0.017
Ride-on Mowers (residential) All N/A 1.515 N/A 0.010
Chainsaws (residential) All N/A 1.456 N/A 0.610
Leafblowers (residential) All N/A 0.717 N/A 0.589
Trimmers/Edgers (residential) All N/A 1.378 N/A 0.314
Lawn mowers (commercial) All N/A 3.909 N/A 0.017
Standing Ride Mowers
(commercial)
All N/A 3.909 N/A 0.017
Ride-on Mowers (commercial) All N/A 2.840 N/A 0.010
Chainsaws (commercial) All N/A 44.552 N/A 0.610
Leafblowers (commercial) All N/A 29.078 N/A 0.589
Trimmers/Edgers (commercial) All N/A 27.071 N/A 0.314
NOTES:
a – Vehicle emission factors are derived from CARB’s California Climate Investments Quantification Methodology Emission Factor Da tabase.

Available: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/california -climate-investments-quantification-benefits-and-reporting-materials b – Construction equipment is assumed to be diesel-powered and all lawn and garden equipment is assumed to be gasoline -powered.

The emission factors listed in Table 4-21 can be used to calculate avoided pollutants from operation of offroad construction and lawn and garden equipment. CARB’s California Climate Investments Quantification Methodology Emission Factor Database includes detailed methodology including equations used for the calculation of co-benefits for each listed

119 200,000 VMT x 0.0047 g/mile gasoline = 940 g PM2.5 – (200,000 VMT x 0.0002 g/mile) = 940 g PM2.5 – 40 g PM2.5 = 900 g PM2.5 avoided (or 2 lbs PM2.5 avoided) through vehicle electrification. 240

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Riverside−San Bernardino−Ontario MSA 4-28 October 31, 2025 Comprehensive Climate Action Plan
pollutant.120 As an example, the equation to calculate NOx emissions avoided from a chainsaw (commercial) over a year period is as follows:

NOx emissions =
(EFNOx × Horsepower × Load Factor ×Hours/yr)
454 × Years
Where:

NOx emissions = Pounds of NOx avoided
EFNOx = Grams of NOx emitted per horsepower-hour (44.552 g/bhp-hr) Horsepower = Maximum average rated horsepower (1.9 hp)
Load Factor = Equipment specific load factor (0.7)
Hours/yr = Annual Use (100.9 hours)
Years = Quantification Period (1 year)
In this example, electrifying a chainsaw (commercial) would result in the avoidance of 13.2 lbs NOx per year.121

120 CARB, 2023b
121 (44.552 g/bhp-hr x 1.9 hp x 0.7 load factor x 100.9 hr/yr) ÷ 454 g/lb x 1 year = 13.2 lbs NOx avoided/yr 241

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Riverside−San Bernardino−Ontario MSA 5-1 October 31, 2025 Comprehensive Climate Action Plan
Chapter 5
Workforce Planning Analysis
The workforce planning analysis identifies key occupations for the workforce necessary to implement CCAP measures. Additionally, it presents trends in the number of jobs, projected change in jobs, and estimates current workforce shortages for the identified occupations. A skills and training assessment is also included that identifies the credentials that employers are seeking for the occupations and the training providers that offer the credentials and other similar credentials in the region. This workforce planning analysis concludes with workforce development strategies that the region could incorporate to address the shortages and other workforce challenges, ensuring successful implementation of the CCAP measures, along with funding opportunities for workforce planning.

Methods
To understand the labor market, each occupation’s data related to employment was pulled from Lightcast, a commercial labor market analytics tool. Measures included jobs (the number of employees payroll for an occupation and those self-employed in an occupation), hires (number of individuals hired in the corresponding year), growth (number of new jobs from increased demand for workers), and separations (number of workers leaving the workforce) by year. Additionally, data on employment concentration was collected. Employment concentration compares how concentrated an occupation is in Inland Empire MSA compared to the nation as a whole. Values greater than one indicate a greater concentration of those jobs in the region compared to the nation, while values under one indicate a smaller concentration.

This analysis also calculated the workforce gap for each occupation. This is intended to identify any labor shortages for occupations needed to implement the CCAP measures. The following formula was used to calculate the workforce gap:

Workforce Gap = Supply (hires) - Demand (growth + separations) Supply is defined as the number of positions filled in a given year with new hires. Demand is the number of workers needed to fill new positions, and the number needed to fill the positions from separations. A positive value means supply is greater than demand, indicating a surplus of workers for the occupation whereas a negative value indicates a shortage of workers for the occupation. It’s important to note that the workforce gap analysis does not factor into demand the number of new jobs that would be created by CCAP measure implementation, it is based on current labor market conditions in the region.

Building Energy
CCAP measures under the Building Energy Sector include installation of solar PV and increased energy efficiency through weatherization, retrofitting buildings, transitioning to LED lighting, and cooling outsides through shade trees, rooftop gardens, cool pavements, and cool roofs.

Additionally, household appliances will transition from using exclusively natural gas to electricity.
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A wide variety of occupations are needed to meet those needs. For increased clean energy production, solar photovoltaic installers, electricians, and other related occupations will help install rooftop solar panels along with energy storage capacity. Various occupations in the construction trades will help implement energy efficiency components for homes and other buildings, including HVAC-R technicians installing heat pumps. Shade trees and rooftop gardens will be installed by landscaping and groundskeeping workers along with requiring work from tree trimmers and pruners. Cool roofs and pavements are constructed by roofers and roofing helpers.

Appliance electrification will require electricians, plumbers, home appliance repairers, and HVAC mechanics and installers. Highway maintenance workers would install LED bulbs for outdoor lights.

Table 5-1 displays the number of workers in these roles for the Riverside-San Bernardino- Ontario MSA in 2015, 2025, and projected for 2035, percent change between 2015 and 2025, projected percent change between 2025 and 2035, and the employment concentration. The occupations with the most growth in the past 10 years were solar photovoltaic installers, HVAC- R mechanics and installers, compliance officers, and highway maintenance workers. These roles are projected to grow, albeit at a slower pace over the next 10 years. Helper-level positions for trades occupations all declined in the past 10 years, but are expected to have a modest rebound in the next 10 years.

For occupations required to produce more renewable energy and storage, electricians, solar photovoltaic installers, roofers, and power plant operators had significant growth and all but power plant operators are expected to continue to increase. Electrical and electronics repairers, power plant operators, and power distributors and dispatchers are projected to have no growth or small declines in employment in the next 10 years.

For activities related to increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, there is a similar mix of occupations with growth and decline. As mentioned above, compliance officers and HVAC-R mechanics had dramatic growth in the past 10 years and are expected to continue to grow.

Carpenters, plumbers, and construction laborers had and are projected to continue modest growth.

Helper-level positions and insulation workers saw a decline in positions the past 10 years, though are projected to have modest growth in the next 10 years.

For appliance electrification, home appliance repairer positions have declined in the past 10 years but are projected to recover and surpass the 2015 level by 2035. Highway maintenance workers, who will upgrade outdoor lights, have grown dramatically in the past 10 years and are projected to continue to grow modestly. For landscapers and tree trimmers, the modest declines of the past 10 years are projected to continue for tree trimmers and slightly reverse for landscapers. For the occupations needed to install cool roofs, roofers gained positions and are projected to continue whereas helper-level roofers declined, but are projected to have modest growth moving forward.

Table 5-1
Employment and Job Concentration in Building Energy Occupations Description 2015
Jobs
2025
Jobs
2035
Jobs
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Percent
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Projected
Job
Change
2025-
2035
Percent
Projected
Job
Change
2025-
2035
2025
Employment
Concentration
Carpenters 19,858 20,278 20,609 420 2% 331 2% 1.75
Compliance Officers 1,954 3,813 4,125 1,860 95% 311 8% 0.84 243

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Table 5-1
Employment and Job Concentration in Building Energy Occupations Description 2015
Jobs
2025
Jobs
2035
Jobs
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Percent
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Projected
Job
Change
2025-
2035
Percent
Projected
Job
Change
2025-
2035
2025
Employment
Concentration
Construction and
Building Inspectors 976 1,524 1,654 548 56% 130 9% 0.91 Construction Laborers 17,480 18,061 19,236 582 3% 1,175 7% 1.12 Electrical and
Electronics Repairers,
Powerhouse,
Substation, and Relay
245 267 268 22 9% 0 0% 0.80
Electricians 7,147 9,591 10,680 2,445 34% 1,088 11% 1.02 First-Line Supervisors
of Construction Trades
and Extraction Workers
6,201 10,422 11,058 4,221 68% 636 6% 1.05
Heating, Air
Conditioning, and
Refrigeration
Mechanics and
Installers
3,267 6,914 7,597 3,647 112% 683 10% 1.33
Helpers--Carpenters 429 165 170 -264 -61% 5 3% 0.63
Helpers--Electricians 670 663 700 -7 -1% 37 6% 0.80
Helpers--Pipelayers,
Plumbers, Pipefitters,
and Steamfitters
424 192 229 -232 -55% 37 19% 0.35
Helpers--Roofers 134 40 52 -94 -70% 11 28% 0.73
Highway Maintenance
Workers 433 783 1,017 351 81% 234 30% 0.45
Home Appliance
Repairers 590 439 454 -151 -26% 16 4% 0.96
Insulation Workers,
Floor, Ceiling, and Wall 278 237 290 -41 -15% 52 22% 0.52 Landscaping and
Groundskeeping
Workers
20,933 20,541 20,733 -392 -2% 192 1% 1.44
Plumbers, Pipefitters,
and Steamfitters 4,986 5,101 5,534 115 2% 432 8% 0.87
Power Distributors and
Dispatchers 177 165 150 -12 -7% -15 -9% 1.37
Power Plant Operators 296 327 292 31 11% -35 -11% 0.86
Roofers 2,126 3,019 3,423 893 42% 404 13% 1.53
Solar Photovoltaic
Installers 374 950 1,186 575 154% 236 25% 2.94
Tree Trimmers and
Pruners 1,381 1,173 1,150 -208 -15% -24 -2% 1.51
Source: Lightcast
The estimated current labor force gaps for Building Energy occupations are shown in Table 5-2.

A few occupations are projected to have a shortage of workers in 2025, including solar photovoltaic installers, HVAC mechanics and installers, electricians, and plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters. These are critical positions to generate clean energy and create more energy efficient buildings. To build more energy, more electrician positions will be needed, along with rooftop solar installers, and roofers. New climate policies will likely spur more demand for nearly all of these roles, with possible exceptions for positions like power plant operators whose positions may change, but not increase in demand. Many of the positions that have a small surplus in workers will see increased demand from CCAP measures and other climate related policies and may experience shortages in the future.
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Table 5-2
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for Energy Building Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment 2025 2025 Hires Growth (New
Jobs) Separations 2025 Workforce
Shortage
Electricians 9,591 5,004 223 4,851 -70
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 5,101 2,691 116 2,606 -30 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics
and Installers 6,914 3,896 158 3,763 -25
Solar Photovoltaic Installers 950 734 49 706 -21
Home Appliance Repairers 439 127 4 124 0
Power Distributors and Dispatchers 165 32 -1 26 6
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters 192 398 9 382 7
Highway Maintenance Workers 783 212 39 166 7
Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall 237 186 10 169 8 Helpers--Roofers 40 130 3 117 10
Tree Trimmers and Pruners 1,173 682 2 670 11
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse,
Substation, and Relay 267 103 2 89 12
Construction and Building Inspectors 1,524 504 30 461 13 Power Plant Operators 327 78 -4 61 20
Helpers--Electricians 663 1,370 9 1,339 22
Helpers--Carpenters 165 489 3 463 23
Compliance Officers 3,813 1,338 68 1,242 29
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and
Extraction Workers 10,422 4,566 189 4,329 49
Roofers 3,019 2,538 105 2,319 115
Construction Laborers 18,061 11,498 284 11,024 191
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 20,541 10,645 102 10,309 234 Carpenters 20,278 13,324 163 12,609 552
Source: Lightcast and ICF
On-Road Transportation
The CCAP recommends several measures to reduce GHG emissions from on-road transportation in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA. These include increased density, installation of bike and pedestrian infrastructure, mass transit/public transportation expansions, EV programs, congestion pricing, and other traffic calming programs.

A wide variety of occupations are needed to accomplish those goals. For increasing density, impacted occupations are primarily construction-related, including carpenters, electricians, and HVAC mechanics and installers, who would build new, more dense homes. Additionally, urban and regional planners, compliance officers, and building inspectors would need to help oversee that new construction. Bike and pedestrian infrastructure will require construction laborers, paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators, and operating engineers. Mass transit and public transit improvements involve bus drivers, locomotive engineers, and other rail operators.

EV programs will also require electricians, along with electronic equipment installers for motor vehicles, transportation equipment, and substations.

Table 5-3 displays the number of workers in these roles for the Riverside-San Bernardino- Ontario MSA in 2015, 2025, and projected for 2035, percent change between 2015 and 2025, projected percent change between 2025 and 2035, and the employment concentration. Over the past ten years several of these occupations have had dramatic changes in the number of employees. For example, the number HVAC-R mechanics and installers has doubled in the past 10 years and is projected to further increase by nearly 10% in the next 10 years. Other positions 245

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Riverside−San Bernardino−Ontario MSA 5-5 October 31, 2025 Comprehensive Climate Action Plan
have had a decrease in the number of positions, such as railroad conductors and operators, locomotive engineers, and construction helper-level positions for carpentry, electrician, and plumbing. Nearly every position related to the on-road actions will increase the number of positions from 2025 to 2035, though at a modest rate. Employment concentration in 2025 is also particularly low for helper-level positions relative the nation as a whole. Many of the positions related to the operation of public transit, including bus drivers, locomotive engineers, and railroad conductors have a higher employment concentration, even as they have declined in number of positions in the past ten years. The greatest expected growth over the next ten years are for helper-level pipelayers and plumbers, highway maintenance workers, and insulation workers.

Table 5-3
Employment and Job Concentration in On-Road Transportation Occupations Description 2015 Jobs 2025
Jobs
2035
Jobs
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Percent
Job
Change
2015-2025
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
Percent
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
2025
Employment
Concentration
Architects, Except Landscape
and Naval 829 878 954 49 5.9% 76 8.6% 0.56
Bus Drivers, Transit and
Intercity 1,598 2,933 3,381 1,335 83.6% 448 15.3% 1.24
Carpenters 19,858 20,278 20,609 420 2.1% 331 1.6% 1.75
Civil Engineers 2,625 3,746 4,138 1,121 42.7% 392 10.5% 0.91 Compliance Officers 1,954 3,813 4,125 1,860 95.2% 311 8.2% 0.84 Construction and Building
Inspectors 976 1,524 1,654 548 56.1% 130 8.5% 0.91
Construction Laborers 17,480 18,061 19,236 582 3.3% 1,175 6.5% 1.12 Electrical and Electronics
Installers and Repairers,
Transportation Equipment
191 98 108 -93 -48.7% 10 10.2% 0.81
Electrical and Electronics
Repairers, Powerhouse,
Substation, and Relay
245 267 268 22 9.1% 0 0.0% 0.80
Electricians 7,147 9,591 10,680 2,445 34.2% 1,088 11.3% 1.02 Electronic Equipment Installers
and Repairers, Motor Vehicles 78 126 118 48 61.9% -9 -6.8% 1.23 First-Line Supervisors of
Construction Trades and
Extraction Workers
6,201 10,422 11,058 4,221 68.1% 636 6.1% 1.05
Heating, Air Conditioning, and
Refrigeration Mechanics and
Installers
3,267 6,914 7,597 3,647 111.6% 683 9.9% 1.33
Helpers--Carpenters 429 165 170 -264 -61.5% 5 2.9% 0.63 Helpers--Electricians 670 663 700 -7 -1.0% 37 5.6% 0.80 Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers,
Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 424 192 229 -232 -54.8% 37 19.4% 0.35 Highway Maintenance Workers 433 783 1,017 351 81.1% 234 29.9% 0.45 Insulation Workers, Floor,
Ceiling, and Wall 278 237 290 -41 -14.6% 52 22.0% 0.52
Locomotive Engineers 828 636 673 -192 -23.1% 36 5.7% 1.46 Operating Engineers and Other
Construction Equipment
Operators
3,894 4,889 5,378 995 25.5% 489 10.0% 0.89
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping
Equipment Operators 527 261 296 -266 -50.4% 34 13.1% 0.48 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters 4,986 5,101 5,534 115 2.3% 432 8.5% 0.87
Railroad Brake, Signal, and
Switch Operators and
Locomotive Firers
352 252 271 -101 -28.6% 19 7.7% 1.38
Railroad Conductors and
Yardmasters 927 883 949 -44 -4.8% 66 7.5% 1.34
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Subway and Streetcar Operators 32 172 203 139 430.3% 32 18.4% 0.73 Traffic Technicians 40 64 76 24 60.0% 12 18.0% 0.59
Urban and Regional Planners 546 572 659 26 4.8% 87 15.2% 1.15 Source: Lightcast
Table 5-4 displays the projected supply, demand, and potential workforce shortages for these occupations. As with the energy sector, several occupations are projected to have a worker shortage in 2025. Several of these roles are related to construction in the trades, such as electricians, HVAC-R mechanics and installers, and plumbers. Architects and civil engineers are also important for construction. Other occupations have no surplus or just a few surplus workers, such as subway and railroad operators, locomotive engineers, traffic technicians, and construction equipment operators. If the policies laid out in the CCAP increase demand for these types of roles the MSA may have a workforce shortage for those occupations.

Table 5-4
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for On-Road Transportation Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025 2025 Hires Growth
(New Jobs) Separations 2025 Workforce
Shortage
Electricians 9,591 5,004 223 4,851 -70
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters 5,101 2,691 116 2,606 -30
Heating, Air Conditioning,
and Refrigeration
Mechanics and Installers
6,914 3,896 158 3,763
-25
Civil Engineers 3,746 1,499 86 1,422 -10
Architects, Except
Landscape and Naval 878 195 15 187 -7
Electronic Equipment
Installers and Repairers,
Motor Vehicles
126 70 -1 73
-2
Subway and Streetcar
Operators 172 24 6 19 0
Railroad Brake, Signal,
and Switch Operators and
Locomotive Firers
252 103 1 101
0 Railroad Conductors and
Yardmasters 883 330 5 325 0
Electrical and Electronics
Installers and Repairers,
Transportation Equipment
98 72 1 70
1 Locomotive Engineers 636 246 -1 244 2
Traffic Technicians 64 30 2 25 3
Paving, Surfacing, and
Tamping Equipment
Operators
261 142 7 129
6 Operating Engineers and
Other Construction
Equipment Operators
4,889 2,549 116 2,427 6
Helpers--Pipelayers,
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters
192 398 9 382 7
Highway Maintenance
Workers 783 212 39 166 7
Insulation Workers, Floor,
Ceiling, and Wall 237 186 10 169 8
Urban and Regional
Planners 572 144 16 120 9
Helpers--Roofers 40 130 3 117 10
Electrical and Electronics
Repairers, Powerhouse,
Substation, and Relay
267 103 2 89 12
Construction and Building
Inspectors 1,524 504 30 461 13
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Table 5-4
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for On-Road Transportation Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025 2025 Hires Growth
(New Jobs) Separations 2025 Workforce
Shortage
Helpers--Carpenters 165 489 3 463 23
Compliance Officers 3,813 1,338 68 1,242 29
First-Line Supervisors of
Construction Trades and
Extraction Workers
10,422 4,566 189 4,329 49
Construction Laborers 18,061 11,498 284 11,024 191
Bus Drivers, Transit and
Intercity 2,933 938 87 650 201
Carpenters 20,278 13,324 163 12,609 552
Source: Lightcast and ICF
Off-Road Transportation
The CCAP contains two measures to reduce GHG emissions from off-road transportation and equipment. First, transitioning to zero-emission offroad equipment used in landscaping, construction, along with other fields. Workers in these fields, landscaping workers and construction equipment operators, would need to be trained with the new equipment.

Additionally, the CCAP recommends jurisdictions limit idling time for construction equipment to three minutes. Compliance officers would need to be trained to enforce this measure.

Table 5-5 displays the employment trends for workers in these roles for the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA. Over the past ten years compliance officers and operating engineers have had an increased number of positions while landscaping workers have slightly declined.

Over the next 10 years, each occupation is expected to gain jobs, though less than 1% growth for landscaping workers. Relative to the nation as a whole, there is a greater concentration of landscaping workers but a lower concentration of compliance officers and operating engineers.

Table 5-5
Employment and Job Concentration in Off-Road Transportation Occupations Description 2015
Jobs
2025
Jobs
2035
Jobs
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Percent
Job
Change
2015-2025
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
Percent
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
2025
Employment
Concentration
Compliance Officers 1,954 3,813 4,125 1,860 95.2% 311 8.2% 0.84 Landscaping and Groundskeeping
Workers 20,933 20,541 20,733 -392 -1.9% 192 0.9% 1.44
Operating Engineers and Other
Construction Equipment Operators 3,894 4,889 5,378 995 25.5% 489 10.0% 0.89 Source: Lightcast
Table 5-6 displays the workforce gap information. Each occupation is projected to have a workforce surplus in 2025. Transitioning to new equipment may not ultimately impact the demand for these positions, but will require re-skilling.

Table 5-6
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for Off-Road Transportation Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025
2025
Hires
Growth (New
Jobs)
Separations
2025
Workforce
Shortage
Operating Engineers and Other Construction
Equipment Operators 4,889 2,549 116 2,427 6
Compliance Officers 3,813 1,338 68 1,242 29
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Table 5-6
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for Off-Road Transportation Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025
2025
Hires
Growth (New
Jobs)
Separations
2025
Workforce
Shortage
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 20,541 10,645 102 10,309 234 Source: Lightcast and ICF
Solid Waste
Zero waste initiatives, like expansion of recycling and composting facilities or expansion of markets for material reuse, will impact five occupations: laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, who typically work within warehouses, industrial truck and tractor operators, who may also work at warehouses, storage facilities, or construction sites, refuse and recyclable material collectors, heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers, who transport goods to and from warehouses, and light truck drivers.

Table 5-7 displays the employment trends for these occupations. In the past decade, each of these occupations have grown by at least 25 percent, with heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers and laborers and freight, stock, and material movers nearly doubling in size. The jobs in each occupation is expected to expand in the next ten years as well. Light truck driver positions are expected to have the highest growth rate at 17 percent and industrial truck and tractor operator positions are expected to have the lowest growth rate of just under 10 percent. All occupations except refuse and recyclable material collectors have significantly higher employment concentrations than the nation as a whole. This is the result of the large goods movement sector in the region.

Table 5-7
Employment and Job Concentration in Waste Occupations
Description 2015
Jobs
2025
Jobs
2035
Jobs
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Percent
Job
Change
2015-2025
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
Percent
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
2025
Employment
Concentration
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck
Drivers 28,186 50,305 56,152 22,119 78.5% 5,847 11.6% 1.90 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 22,411 29,147 31,883 6,736 30.1% 2,737 9.4% 3.26 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and
Material Movers, Hand 45,805 81,514 91,172 35,709 78.0% 9,657 11.8% 2.37 Light Truck Drivers 12,132 15,493 18,169 3,362 27.7% 2,676 17.3% 1.25 Refuse and Recyclable Material
Collectors 921 1,216 1,355 295 32.0% 139 11.4% 0.72
Source: Lightcast
Table 5-8 displays the projected supply, demand, and potential workforce shortages for these occupations. Nearly all of these positions currently have large workforce shortage, with laborers and freight movers with the greatest shortage of nearly 5,000 workers. Relative to the projected employment in 2025, each shortage is around 5 percent of the total workforce size. Only refuse and recyclable material collectors have a worker surplus in 2025. The high demand in the region for warehouse workers, truck and tractor drivers to operate at warehouses, and drivers to deliver goods to and from warehouses, associated with the large goods movement sector in the region, drives the high demand for these workers.
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Table 5-8
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for Waste Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025 2025 Hires Growth (New
Jobs)
Separations
2025
Workforce
Shortage
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material
Movers, Hand 81,514 71,253 2,518 73,531 -4,795
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 50,305 26,872 1,332 27,570 -2,030 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 29,147 17,753 968 18,238 -1,453 Light Truck Drivers 15,493 9,389 457 9,552 -620
Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors 1,216 532 34 486 12 Source: Lightcast and ICF
Agriculture
The primary activity under agriculture is supporting local agriculture and community gardens to produce and distribute food locally. Local agricultural jobs would include farmers, ranchers, agricultural and equipment operators, farmworkers, among other agricultural workers.

Table 5-9 displays the employment trends for these jobs. In the past 10 years, farm, ranchers, and other managers have decreased slightly and farmworkers and laborers have declined by nearly 20 percent. Jobs in these fields are expected to decline in the next ten years by about 5 percent. In contrast, agricultural equipment operators and other forms of agricultural workers have expanded by 62 percent and 46 percent respectively. These two occupations are also expected to increase, albeit at a slower pace, over the next ten years.

Table 5-9
Employment and Job Concentration in Agricultural Occupations Description 2015
Jobs
2025
Jobs
2035
Jobs
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Percent
Job
Change
2015-2025
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
Percent
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
2025
Employment
Concentration
Agricultural Equipment Operators 607 982 1,006 375 61.7% 24 2.5% 1.14 Agricultural Workers, All Other 563 821 831 258 45.8% 10 1.2% 0.81 Farmers, Ranchers, and Other
Agricultural Managers 2,434 2,333 2,217 -101 -4.1% -116 -5.0% 0.36 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop,
Nursery, and Greenhouse 8,280 6,661 6,366 -1,619 -19.6% -295 -4.4% 1.00 Source: Lightcast
Table 5-10 displays the projected supply, demand, and potential workforce shortages for these occupations. All occupations have a high rate of turnover, with hiring in 2025 approaching or exceeding the projected employment for the workforce in nearly all of these occupations. While three of the occupations saw a decline in jobs from 2024 to 2025, all still had a workforce surplus.

The high number of separations may be attributable to low wages and the seasonal nature of some of these jobs. Encouragement in buying local produce may increase demand for these roles, potentially reversing the projected loss of positions for agricultural managers and farmworkers.

Table 5-10
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for Agricultural Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025 2025 Hires Growth (New
Jobs) Separations 2025 Workforce
Shortage
Agricultural Workers, All Other 821 770 -1 757 14
Agricultural Equipment Operators 982 1,832 3 1,779 49
Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural
Managers 2,333 610 -33 591 51
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Table 5-10
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for Agricultural Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025 2025 Hires Growth (New
Jobs) Separations 2025 Workforce
Shortage
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and
Greenhouse 6,661 11,312 -57 11,248 121
Source: Lightcast and ICF
Water and Wastewater
There are three proposed actions to reduce GHG emissions through water and wastewater:
recycled water use, water efficiency, and wastewater equipment upgrades. Recycling water is the practice of using wastewater for beneficial purposes, such as agricultural irrigation or industrial processes. Expanding this practice requires increased infrastructure investments with work conducted by pipelayers, water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators, and operating engineers. Water efficiency measures require plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters to install water efficient appliances, plumbing, and irrigation systems. For wastewater equipment upgrades, wastewater treatment providers would upgrade their water treatment systems with more energy-efficient equipment. This would impact the water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators who work at those wastewater treatment plants.

Table 5-11 displays the employment trends for the workers needed to implement the water and wastewater measures. Pipelayers and helper-level positions say a decline of nearly half from 2015 to 2025. Both are projected to increase in the next ten years, but not to the levels from 2015.

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitter positions increased by just above 2% from 2015 to 2025 and are projected to increase by 9% from 2025 to 2035. Wastewater treatment plant operators and operating engineers also saw job growth in the past ten years (14% and 26%, respectively) and are expected to continue that growth through 2035. All of these occupations except water treatment plant and system operators have a lower employment concentration than the nation as a whole. Most noticeably, the concentration of helper-level positions is particularly low.

Table 5-11
Employment and Job Concentration in Waste and Wastewater Occupations Description 2015
Jobs
2025
Jobs
2035
Jobs
Job
Change
2015-
2025
Percent
Job
Change
2015-2025
Projected
Job
Change
2025-2035
Percent
Projected Job
Change 2025-
2035
2025
Employment
Concentration
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers,
Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 424 192 229 -232 -54.8% 37 19.4% 0.35 Operating Engineers and Other
Construction Equipment Operators 3,894 4,889 5,378 995 25.5% 489 10.0% 0.89 Pipelayers 585 312 333 -273 -46.6% 20 6.5% 0.70
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 4,986 5,101 5,534 115 2.3% 432 8.5% 0.87 Water and Wastewater Treatment
Plant and System Operators 1,313 1,501 1,599 188 14.3% 98 6.6% 1.09 Source: Lightcast
Table 5-12 displays the projected supply, demand, and potential workforce shortages for these occupations. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitter positions and pipelayer positions have a workforce shortage in 2025. Shortages of these workers would make installation of infrastructure for water efficiency and water recycling more difficult. The other occupations have small surpluses, so an increase in demand induced by these policies could lead to a workforce shortage. 251

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While some actions would simply modify the work of wastewater treatment plant operators, they will likely spur more positions for trades and construction workers.

Table 5-12
Supply, Demand, and Workforce Gaps for Waste and Wastewater Occupations in 2025 Occupation Employment
2025 2025 Hires Growth (New
Jobs) Separations 2025 Workforce
Shortage
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 5,101 2,691 116 2,606 -30 Pipelayers 312 173 8 172 -7
Operating Engineers and Other Construction
Equipment Operators 4,889 2,549 116 2,427 6
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters 192 398 9 382 7
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and
System Operators 1,501 342 29 289 24
Source: Lightcast and ICF
Strategies/Solutions and Partnerships to Address Gaps and Workforce Challenges
To fill the labor shortages identified above, there are several proven workforce strategies. Sector strategies are considered one of the most effective workforce development approaches. They bring together multiple employers within an industry to identify shared talent needs and collaborate with education providers and workforce agencies to address them. These partnerships rely on intermediaries, like workforce boards, to coordinate efforts and develop tailored training solutions based on employer input. Rigorous evaluations have shown strong results, including increased employment rates and earnings, with gains sustained over many years.

Career pathways are strategies designed to help individuals gain the skills and credentials needed to enter and advance in careers, often through coordinated services and training aligned with industry needs. While closely related to sector strategies, career pathways focus more on integrating education, support services, and public benefits to create a seamless experience for job seekers. Certain programs have shown promise in improving educational attainment and, in some cases, earnings, though results have been mixed across broader evaluations. Large-scale studies have found modest gains in credential attainment but limited impact on long-term earnings or employment. Overall, while career pathways can enhance access to training and credentials, evidence of their effectiveness in boosting sustained economic outcomes remains inconsistent.

Work-based learning integrates education with hands-on job experience and is widely recognized as an effective workforce development strategy. While Registered Apprenticeships have the strongest evidence, other models—like subsidized on-the-job training—also yield strong outcomes for both workers and employers. Some programs have demonstrated significant and lasting earnings gains for young adults through targeted training and corporate internships. Youth apprenticeship efforts are expanding across the U.S., though rigorous evaluations are still underway. Meanwhile, transitional jobs and subsidized employment programs show short-term boosts in employment and earnings, especially for marginalized populations, though these effects often diminish over time. Overall, work-based learning offers promising pathways to economic mobility, particularly when well-supported and aligned with employer needs.122

122 McCarthy, 2025
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There are several institutions in Riverside and San Barnardino Counties that offer entrance ramps to positions with projected workforce shortages. Apprenticeships, community colleges, and other private training providers all offer courses and certificates to enter these professions.

Several community colleges offer certificates for more traditional trades roles, like electricians, HVAC-R technicians, and plumbers. HVAC-R technician certification is offered at 16 community colleges, electrician programs are offered at 8 community colleges, and plumbing programs are offered at 2 community colleges in the region. Additionally, four community colleges offer certifications geared towards entering the solar industry as a rooftop installer. Some community colleges also offer courses for attaining a Commercial Driver’s License and forklift certification. CSU-San Bernardino offers certifications in the trades as well.

Registered apprenticeship programs in the region are primarily geared toward electricians, HVAC-R technicians, and plumbers. Six organizations, including local unions and community colleges, sponsor electrician apprenticeship programs, partnering with numerous private employers. Four organizations sponsor apprenticeships in HVAC-R roles and six organizations sponsor apprenticeships for plumber roles. The registered apprenticeship model is a proven strategy to give workers the education they need paired with on-the-job training necessary to excel in the role.

Numerous private training providers offer programs for other positions. Twenty providers offer courses to train for a commercial driver’s licenses and five provide forklift certification. Further, ten organizations offer certifications that are used by industrial truck and tractor operators. Two training providers offer certifications needed for solar photovoltaic installers. For more details on the providers, please see Appendix F.

A primary focus in addressing the workforce shortages should be for occupations in the goods movement sector, as those have by far the greatest shortages in the region. While Commercial Driver License programs are readily available, there is only one registered apprenticeship program in the region for these occupations (sponsored by Teamsters Joint Council 42). Working to build more partnerships between educational institutions, training providers, labor organizations, and employers could help fill this shortage. In particular, local education institutions have few programs for these positions compared to other trades positions like electricians. Offering the certifications necessary for these positions at community colleges would make these positions more accessible to the public. Additionally, implementing early education and awareness programming to the future workforce could generate further interest in these careers.

Positions related to logistics frequently require a commercial driver’s license, either Class A or Class B. Warehouse workers frequently need a forklift certification and/or a pallet jack certification. To operate more specialized vehicles, some positions require hazmat endorsement, hazardous materials certification, or a tanker endorsement.

For electricians, many positions require a journeyman electrician license, which allows an electrician to work unsupervised. For energy efficiency related roles, a LEED Green Associate credential is often desired by employers. Plumbers also have a journey-level certificate to allow them to work without supervision. HVAC mechanics are required to receive EPA-sponsored certifications to handle ozone depleting refrigerants. Solar photovoltaic installers have a few avenues to become qualified for installation of rooftop solar, including programs sponsored by 253

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the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) and the National Center for Construction Education & Research (NCCER). Table 5-13 list the top certifications for these occupations required by employers.

Table 5-13
Top Certifications Required by Employers
Occupation Top Certifications
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
Commercial Driver's License (CDL)
CDL Class A License
CDL Class B License
Tanker Endorsement
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
Commercial Driver's License (CDL)
Forklift Certification
Pallet Jack Certification
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators
OSHA
Commercial Driver's License (CDL)
Hazardous Materials Certification
Certified Crane Operator
Light Truck Drivers
Commercial Driver's License (CDL)
CDL Class B License
Hazmat Endorsement
Electricians
Journeyman Electrician License
Master Electrician Certificate
Certified Energy Manager
LEED Green Associate
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
Journey Level Pipefitter-Steamfitter
IAPMO Plumbing Inspector
EPA Section 608 Technician Certification
EPA Universal Certification
HVAC
EPA 608 Technician Certification
EPA 608 Certification
HVAC Excellence Certification
North American Technician Excellence (NATE) Certification Solar Photovoltaic Installers
NABCEP PV Installation Professional (PVIP) Certification Photovoltaics Installer/Designer (PV2) certification
PV Installer Specialist (PVIS) Board Certification
NCCER Solar Photovoltaics

Workforce Funding
San Bernardino County offers a variety of workforce funding sources and programs through its Workforce Development Department (WDD), primarily supported by federal and state funding.

Federal workforce funding is provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Department of Education, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. These funds support a wide range of programs, including WIOA Title I, YouthBuild, Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), and National Dislocated Worker Grants (NDWG).

In addition, IREN invests in both county (Riverside and San Bernardino) Workforce board to enhance their workforce offerings with focus on energy training, employment, and businesses. An example of the investment includes a $3 million investment to expand clean energy training and career programs in Riverside and San Bernardino counties.123 IREN also has an Energy

123 https://iren.gov/DocumentCenter/View/321/Clean-Energy-Workforce-Partnerships-I-REN-September-2025 254

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Fellowship, where IREN recruits local talent and job seekers, and places them at local public sector agencies (i.e., cities, counties, special districts, etc.) to work on relevant energy projects.

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Programs:

WIOA programs, administered by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (ETA), provide the largest amount of workforce funding. WIOA provides funding to help job seekers access employment, education, training, and support services. Some of the major WIOA programs include:
• Adult & Dislocated Worker Programs: Provides job seekers with training, career counseling, and job placement services. The Adult program serves individuals and helps employers meet their workforce needs. It enables workers to obtain jobs by providing them with job search assistance and training opportunities. The Dislocated Worker program helps individuals that become dislocated workers as a result of job loss, mass layoffs, global trade dynamics, or transitions in economic sectors, by providing services to assist them in re-entering the workforce.
• National Dislocated Worker Grants: provides supplemental funding in response to major economic dislocations or other events that cause or contribute to a shortage of existing WIOA Dislocated Worker formula funds and other relevant resources in states and local areas.
• JobCorps: Provides career training that helps eligible young people ages 16 through 24 complete their high school education, trains them for meaningful careers, and assists them with obtaining employment.
• Youth Build: Provides pre-apprenticeship programs training and educational services for opportunity youth ages 16-24 who left school without a secondary diploma. Participants learn vocational skills in construction and other in-demand industries.

Wagner-Peyser Act: Provides funds to states to operate the public workforce system, which includes employment services like job placement and career counseling.

Workforce funding from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is also available through state programs, including the CalWORKS Subsidized Employment Program, CalWORKS Youth Employment Program, and the CalFRESH Employment and Training Program.

Other state funding for workforce development includes California’s Employment Training Panel (ETP) which provides funding to employers in the state to support customized job skills training for employees.
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Chapter 6
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Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendices
Coachella Valley Association of Governments, San Bernardino County, and Western Riverside Council of Governments
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Comprehensive Climate Action Plan
Appendix A. CVAG City Profiles .................................................................................... A-1 City of Blythe ..................................................................................................................... A-2 City of Cathedral City ...................................................................................................... A-10 City of Coachella ............................................................................................................. A-19 City of Desert Hot Springs ............................................................................................... A-28 City of Indian Wells ......................................................................................................... A-37 City of Indio ..................................................................................................................... A-45 City of La Quinta ............................................................................................................. A-53 City of Palm Desert .......................................................................................................... A-61 City of Palm Springs ........................................................................................................ A-70 City of Rancho Mirage ..................................................................................................... A-78 Appendix B. WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures ........................................................ B-1 Appendix C. GHG Quantification Methods.................................................................... C-1 GHG Inventory Methodology ............................................................................................ C-1 GHG Reduction Measures Methodology ......................................................................... C-13 References ........................................................................................................................ C-40 Appendix D. Authority to Implement and Intersection with Other Funding Availability ...................................................................................................................... D-1 General Law and Charter Cities ......................................................................................... D-1 Southern California Association of Governments ............................................................. D-1 County of Riverside ........................................................................................................... D-2 County of San Bernardino .................................................................................................. D-3 Coachella Valley Association of Governments ................................................................. D-3 San Bernardino County Transportation Authority and San Bernardino Council of Governments ........................................................................................................... D-4 Western Riverside Council of Governments ...................................................................... D-4 South Coast Air Quality Management District .................................................................. D-5 Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District .............................................................. D-6 Funding Sources ................................................................................................................. D-8 Appendix E. Workforce Development Programs ........................................................... E-1 Appendix F. Engagement Summary ............................................................................... F-1 Engagement Activities in MSA .......................................................................................... F-1 Decarbonization Advisory Group ....................................................................................... F-4 Climate Resilience Nexus Summit...................................................................................... F-4 Climate Action Conference ................................................................................................. F-5 Climate Resilient Jobs for the Future Initiative .................................................................. F-5 FISTS 2024: 4th IEEE Forum for Innovative Sustainable Transportation Systems ............ F-5 Analysis of Existing CAPs .................................................................................................. F-5 Survey and Information Sharing ......................................................................................... F-6

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Appendix A. CVAG City Profiles
This appendix summarizes the GHG emissions inventory and forecasted GHG emissions for each of the 10 jurisdictions in the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG). The emissions inventory and forecast include GHG emissions from the following sources and sinks:
• Building energy use (residential and non-residential electricity and natural gas use); • On-road transportation (light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles); • Off-road equipment;
• Agriculture;
• Solid waste management;
• Water transport, distribution, and treatment; and
• Natural and working lands.

The 2023 inventory results provide a baseline from which to forecast future year emissions in 2030 and 2045. The emissions forecast represents a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, meaning that the scenario would occur in the absence of further action taken by local and state governments. The ten jurisdictions participating in this effort are:

Blythe Indio
Cathedral City La Quinta
Coachella Palm Desert
Desert Hot Springs Palm Springs
Indian Wells Rancho Mirage

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Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-2 October 31, 2025
City of Blythe
As a member of the Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG), the City of Blythe is taking action to reduce GHG emissions that are occurring throughout the community. Included below is a summary of Blythe’s Community GHG Inventory and Forecast, a 2030 emissions target for the community, and a summary of State, regional, and local reduction measures that will enable Blythe to make substantial progress towards that target.

The City of Blythe is located in eastern Riverside County, near the California-Arizona border along the Colorado River. It is approximately 215 miles east of Los Angeles and 150 miles west of Phoenix, accessible via Interstate 10. Blythe is part of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Council District 66, which also includes Coachella, Indio, and La Quinta.

Attractions near Blythe include the Colorado River, which offers recreational activities like boating and fishing, and the Blythe Intaglios, large ancient geoglyphs on nearby desert ground.

Blythe has a typical desert climate with summertime high temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and wintertime lows near 40°F.

Blythe spans 26.8 square miles, with significant portions designated for residential, agricultural, and open space uses. These land uses influence the city’s greenhouse gas (GHG) profile, with primary emissions sources being on-road transportation, residential energy consumption, and industrial processes. The city had a population of 17,378 as of 2023 (DOF).

Based on socioeconomic data provided by California’s Department of Finance, the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 4 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 17 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 9 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 23 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 4 percent and 12 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-1 presents socioeconomic data for Blythe, including population, housing (single-family and multi-family), and employment (agricultural, industrial, retail, and non-retail).

Table A-1
Blythe Socioeconomic Data
Category
DOF
2023 2030 2045
Population 17,378 18,106 20,268
Households 5,248 5,712 6,449
Jobs 4,500 4,676 5,053
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Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Blythe Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

The City’s baseline Community GHG Inventory (2023) forms the basis for setting emissions reduction targets and measuring future progress. Forecasts of the City’s future emissions are projected forward from the more recent 2023 inventory, based on current best estimates for population, households, and job growth within the City under “business-as-usual” (BAU) conditions and under an “adjusted” forecast scenario that accounts for state-mandated GHG reduction programs and regional programs that affect all CVAG jurisdictions.

Table A-2 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-1 provides a graphical depiction of the data. The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-2
City Of Blythe GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 32,144 33,234 37,528
Light-Duty Vehicles 24,835 25,915 30,166
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 7,308 7,320 7,363
Building Energy 30,430 31,900 35,203
Residential Electricity 9,415 9,788 11,018
Residential Natural Gas 7,053 7,678 8,664
Non-Residential
Electricity 13,962 14,434 15,521
Non-Residential Natural
Gas - - -
Solid Waste Management 9,622 10,016 11,544
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 238 248 289 Wastewater 617 711 830
Off-Road Equipment 3,527 3,665 4,365
Agriculture 70 144 170
TOTAL a 76,649 79,919 89,930
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 50,222 50,222 50,222 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

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Figure A-1 City of Blythe GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-2 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Blythe’s 2023 inventory, indicating that on-road transportation is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 42 percent, followed by building energy at about 40 percent, and solid waste management at around 13 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.

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Figure A-2 2023 Emissions by Sector – Blythe

Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
The City of Blythe is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, Blythe has set a 30 percent GHG reduction goal from 2023 levels by 2030. This equates to total annual emissions target of 53,413 MTCO2e per year by the year 2030, based on the City’s population and jobs forecasts.

Figure A-3 shows how this target relates to the City’s business-as-usual (BAU) emissions forecast and is equivalent to a reduction of approximately 32 percent below the 2030 BAU forecast.

Figure A-3 City of Blythe 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e)

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The bars in Figure A-3 show Blythe’s 2023 GHG emissions total, 2030 BAU emissions forecast total, and the total emissions remaining after meeting the City’s emissions reduction target (30% below the 2023 GHG emissions level). The contribution of state and local reductions are overlaid on the 2030 BAU emissions forecast total (“2030 Plan”), representing the total emissions reductions achieved in 2030. As stated above, state reductions account for the majority (~79 percent) of the total reductions needed to achieve the 2030 target.

Table A-3 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Blythe exceeds its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

Table A-3
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Blythe
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 32,144 33,234 7,959 25,275 21%
Building Energy 30,430 31,900 18,632 13,268 56%
Solid Waste
Management 9,622 10,016 5,058 4,959 48%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
238 248 86 162 32%
Wastewater
Treatment 617 711 146 566 8%
Off-Road
Equipment 3,527 3,665 287 3,377 4%
Agriculture 70 144 4 140 -99%
Total 76,649 79,919 32,172 47,747 38%
Goal 53,413
Goal Met? Yes
Reductions Beyond Goal 5,666
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

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Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-7 October 31, 2025
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures
State Measures
Significant emissions reductions in community emissions are anticipated as a result of state programs and regulations. For the City of Blythe, the anticipated reductions resulting from state measures is summarized in Table A-4.

Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Blythe’s current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-5 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045. NQ signifies a Not Quantified value.

Table A-5
Blythe 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification NQ NQ
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 584 -
Table A-4
Blythe GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr)
State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 10,097 27,427 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 6,545 2,989 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 284 523
California Solar Mandate 401 -
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 287 882
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 5,340 10,142
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 2,444 17,212
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 56 289
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 110 295
Total Reduction from State Measures 25,564 59,759
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Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-8 October 31, 2025
Table A-5
Blythe 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat NQ NQ
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades 18 -
Energy-5 Solar Window Film NQ NQ
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 6 -9
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation NQ NQ
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program NQ NQ
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development NQ NQ
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space NQ NQ
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 697 -
Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings NQ NQ
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 176 NQ
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements
- -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs
- -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 197
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment NQ 273
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification NQ 17
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 3,997 4,474
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion 787 1,175
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Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-9 October 31, 2025
Table A-5
Blythe 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion 169 757
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion 104 117
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades 36 -
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use 29 -
Water-2 Water Conservation 1 -
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 6,608 7,000
NOTES:

NQ – Not quantified because this measure was not selected by the city. (-) – Dashes indicate 0/no data
a – Tier 1 measures are the cumulative GHG reduction potential of on-road measures 1-6. b – Tier 2 measures are the cumulative GHG reduction potential of on-road measures 7-9. c – Totals may not sum due to rounding.

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, Blythe is expected to meet its 2030 GHG reduction target through the combination of state regulations and local measures selected by the City. Table A-6 below summarizes Blythe’s projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-6
Blythe’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 79,919 89,930
Total Reductions from State Measures 25,564 59,759
Total Reductions from Local Measures 6,608 7,000
Resulting Community Emissions With
CCAP Implementation a 47,747 23,170
Emissions Target 53,413 NQ
Target Exceeded by 5,666 NQ
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified

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Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-10 October 31, 2025
City of Cathedral City
The City of Cathedral City is located in the western Coachella Valley in Riverside County, California. It is approximately 8 miles east of Palm Springs and 120 miles east of Los Angeles, accessible via Interstate 10.

Cathedral City is part of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Council District 2, which includes Desert Hot Springs, Palm Desert, Rancho Mirage, and Palm Springs.

Attractions near Cathedral City include the Cathedral City Amphitheatre, Cimarron Golf Resort, Agua Caliente Casino, Mark Pickford and CV Rep Theatres, a regional entertainment hub.

Cathedral City has a typical desert climate with summertime high temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and wintertime lows near 40°F.

Cathedral City spans 21 square miles, with significant portions designated for residential, commercial, and recreational uses. These land uses influence the city’s greenhouse gas (GHG) profile, with primary emissions sources being on-road transportation, residential energy consumption, and industrial activities. The city had a population of 50,911 as of 2023 (DOF).

Based on socioeconomic data provided by California’s Department of Finance, the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 3 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 12 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 11 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 29 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 7 percent and 23 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-7 presents socioeconomic data for Cathedral City, including population, housing (single- family and multi-family), and employment (agricultural, industrial, retail, and non-retail).

Table A-7
Cathedral City Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 50,911 52,515 57,272
Households 23,097 25,699 29,818
Jobs 26,400 28,347 32,517
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The Cathedral City Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the city by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-11 October 31, 2025
conditions and under an “adjusted” forecast scenario that accounts for state-mandated GHG reduction programs and regional programs that affect all CVAG jurisdictions.

Table A-8 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-4 provides a graphical depiction of the data. The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-8
Cathedral City GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 163,450 169,915 193,856
Light-Duty Vehicles 125,027 131,057 153,386
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 38,422 38,857 40,470
Building Energy 108,122 116,333 132,515
Residential Electricity 33,997 34,991 38,416
Residential Natural Gas 42,325 47,110 54,629
Non-Residential
Electricity 21,561 23,240 26,860
Non-Residential Natural
Gas 10,238 10,993 12,610
Solid Waste Management 26,457 27,275 30,467
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 5,131 5,292 5,953 Wastewater 1,809 2,063 2,321
Off-Road Equipment 32,899 35,325 43,527
Agriculture 103 137 154
TOTALa 337,393 356,341 408,793
Natural Working Lands and Forestryb 58,834 58,834 58,834 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.
273

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Figure A-4 Cathedral City GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-5 shows each sector’s contribution to Cathedral City’s 2023 inventory, indicating that on-road transportation is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 48 percent, followed by building energy at about 32 percent, and off-road equipment at around 10 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045. 274

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-13 October 31, 2025
Figure A-5 2023 Emissions by Sector – Cathedral City

Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
Cathedral City is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, Cathedral City has set a 30 percent GHG reduction goal from 2023 levels by 2030 at a service population (SP) level (population + employment). In 2023, Cathedral City had a GHG emissions per service population level of 4.37 MTCO2e. Aligned with the state’s goals, the City’s 2030 target is 3.05 MTCO2e per service population, indicated in Figure A-6 as the yellow diamond.

Figure A-6 also shows the percent change in GHG emissions, SP, and GHG/SP from 2023 to 2030. With the GHG reduction measures in place, GHG emissions (blue line) are expected to fall by 27 percent and GHGs per SP (light green line) will decrease by 30 percent from 2023 to 2030.

Meanwhile, the service population (green line) is estimated to increase by 5 percent over that same time period. Cathedral City is expected to meet its GHG per SP target by 2030.

275

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Figure A-6 Cathedral City 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e) Table A-9 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Cathedral City will meet its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

Table A-9
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Cathedral City
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 163,450 169,915 41,077 128,837 21%
Building Energy 108,122 116,333 50,666 65,667 39%
Solid Waste
Management 26,457 27,275 13,767 13,508 49%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
5,131 5,292 1,989 3,304 36%
Wastewater
Treatment 1,809 2,063 319 1,744 4%
Off-Road
Equipment 32,899 35,325 2,769 32,556 1%
Agriculture 103 137 4 133 -29%
Total 337,969 356,341 110,591 245,750 -27%
GHG/SP Total 4.37 3.04 31%
GHG/SP Goal 3.05
Goal Met? Yes

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Table A-9
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Cathedral City
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
Goal Exceeded By 0.01
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures
State Measures
Significant emissions reductions in community emissions are anticipated as a result of state programs and regulations. The anticipated reductions resulting from state measures is summarized for Cathedral City in Table A-10.

Table A-10
Cathedral City GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 26,426 73,031 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 18,128 4,972 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 1,521 5,192 California Solar Mandate 3,035 -
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 2,769 8,799
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 27,270 52,409
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 12,358 87,521
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 1,389 5,953
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 319 825
Total Reduction from State Measures 93,216 238,702
277

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-16 October 31, 2025
Local Measures
This section highlights the Cathedral City’s current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-11 provides a list of local reduction measures that the city will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-11
Cathedral City 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification NQ NQ
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 1,463 -
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat NQ NQ
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades 72 -
Energy-5 Solar Window Film NQ NQ
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 22 -40
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation NQ NQ
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program NQ NQ
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development NQ NQ
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space NQ NQ
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes NQ NQ
Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings NQ NQ
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 1,449 NQ
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs - -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 1,275
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
278

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-17 October 31, 2025
Table A-11
Cathedral City 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment - 2,270
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification - 169
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 10,880 11,866
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion 2,142 3,115
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion 460 2,007
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion 284 310
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades NQ NQ
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use 585 -
Water-2 Water Conservation 14 -
Total Local Reductions Anticipated a 17,375 20,972
NOTES:

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, Cathedral City is expected to meet its 2030 GHG reduction target. Table A-12 below summarizes Cathedral City’s projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions fall short of the established emissions targets.

Table A-12
Cathedral City’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 356,341 408,793
Total Reductions from State Measures 93,216 238,702
Total Reductions from Local Measures 17,375 20,972
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Table A-12
Cathedral City’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
Resulting GHG Emissions/SP with CCAP
Implementation a 3.04 1.66
GHG/SP Target 3.05 NQ
Target Exceeded By 0.01 NQ
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified

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City of Coachella
The City of Coachella is located in the eastern portion of the Coachella Valley in Riverside County, California. It is approximately 28 miles southeast of Palm Springs and 130 miles east of Los Angeles, with neighboring cities including Indio, La Quinta, and unincorporated Riverside County land to the north and south. Coachella is situated near the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival venue, a globally recognized event site.

Attractions near Coachella include the Empire Polo Club, the Augustine Casino, Spotlight 29 Casino, and the annual Coachella and Stagecoach Music Festivals. Coachella has a typical low- desert climate with summertime high temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and wintertime lows near 40°F.

Coachella spans 28 square miles, with significant portions designated for agriculture, residential, and commercial uses. These land uses influence the city’s greenhouse gas (GHG) profile, with primary emissions sources being on-road transportation and energy consumption. Other land uses in the city include low- to medium-density residential areas and open space for agriculture. The city had a population of around 43,000 in 2023. However, Coachella’s population was estimated to be 60,099 in 2023 by the Riverside County Model (RIVCOM), which is used for modeling purposes by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG).

Based on socioeconomic data provided by RIVCOM, the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 39 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 123 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 50 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 159 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 35 percent and 109 percent over those same time periods. However, it is important to note that these population projections were established in 2010 with reference to a development agreement that has since been delayed.

Table A-13 presents socioeconomic data for Coachella, including population, housing, and employment based on RIVCOM data.

Table A-13
Coachella Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 60,099 83,636 134,070
Households 15,111 22,733 39,066
Jobs 11,458 15,441 23,977

Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Coachella’s Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions. 281

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The City’s baseline Community GHG Inventory (2023) forms the basis for setting emissions reduction targets and measuring future progress. Forecasts of the City’s future emissions are projected forward from the more recent 2023 inventory, based on current best estimates for population, households, and job growth within the City under “business-as-usual” (BAU) conditions and under an “adjusted” forecast scenario that accounts for state-mandated GHG reduction programs that affect all CVAG jurisdictions.

Table A-14 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-7 provides a graphical depiction of the data.

The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-14
Coachella GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 170,716 233,037 366,582 Light-Duty Vehicles 104,819 152,186 253,686 Heavy-Duty Vehicles 65,896 80,851 112,896 Building Energy 109,975 152,390 244,428 Residential Electricity 54,050 75,071 39,924 Residential Natural Gas 15,456 23,254 10,150 Non-Residential
Electricity
35,619 47,529 120,842
Non-Residential Natural
Gas
4,850 6,536 73,513
Solid Waste Management 20,505 27,020 39,178 Water Transport, Distribution, and
Treatment
1,151 3,286 2,567
Wastewater 2,135 1,602 5,268 Off-Road Equipment 15,478 18,043 23,530 Agriculture 135 180 202 TOTAL a 320,094 435,558 681,755 Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 148,099 148,099 148,099 NOTES:
a. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b. Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

282

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Figure A-7 Coachella GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-8 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Coachella’s 2023 inventory, indicating that on-road transportation is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 53 percent, followed by building energy at about 34 percent, and solid waste management at around 6 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.

283

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Figure A-8 2023 Emissions by Sector – Coachella

Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
Coachella is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. To achieve these goals, Coachella set a 7.0 MTCO2e per service population (SP) in 2020 and a 4.2 MTCO2e per SP in 2035. A 2030 target of 5.13 MTCO2e per SP was interpolated based on the 2035 target and is aligned with the state’s goals. This is indicated in Figure A-9 as the yellow diamond.

Figure A-9 also shows the percent change in GHG emissions, SP, and GHG/SP from 2023 to 2030. With the GHG reduction measures in place, GHG emissions (blue line) are expected to fall by 12 percent and GHGs per SP (light green line) will decrease by 36 percent from 2023 to 2030.

Meanwhile, the service population (green line) is estimated to increase by 38 percent over that same time period. Coachella is expected to meet its GHG per SP target by 2030.

284

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Figure A-9 Coachella 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e) Table A-15 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Coachella exceeds its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

Table A-15
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Coachella
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 170,716 233,037 52,630 180,407 -16%
Building Energy 109,975 152,390 85,613 66,777 39%
Solid Waste
Management 20,505 27,020 11,377 15,643 24%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
1,151 3,286 484 2,802 -143%
Wastewater
Treatment 2,135 1,602 508 1,093 49%
Off-Road
Equipment 15,478 18,043 1,785 16,258 -5%
Agriculture 135 180 4 176 -30%
Total 320,094 435,558 152,401 283,157 6%
GHG/SP Total 4.47 2.86
GHG/SP Goal 5.13
Goal Met? Yes

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Table A-15
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Coachella
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
Goal Exceeded
by 2.27
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-16
Coachella GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 54,176 192,251 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 14,100 8,959 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 8,959 7,246 California Solar Mandate 5,963 0
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 1,785 4,416
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 36,810 99,433
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 14,350 144,752
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 484 2,567
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 508 1,873
Total Reduction from State Measures 137,136 461,495
286

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-25 October 31, 2025

Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Coachella’s current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-17 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-17
Coachella’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification NQ NQ
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures NQ NQ
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat NQ NQ
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades NQ NQ
Energy-5 Solar Window Film NQ NQ
Energy-6 Cool Roofs NQ NQ
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation NQ NQ
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program NQ NQ
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development NQ NQ
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space NQ NQ
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 2,414 - Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings NQ NQ
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 1,470 NQ
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs - -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 2,567
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
287

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-26 October 31, 2025
Table A-17
Coachella’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment NQ NQ
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification NQ NQ
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 11,377 18,237
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion NQ NQ
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion NQ NQ
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion NQ NQ
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades NQ NQ
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use NQ NQ
Water-2 Water Conservation NQ NQ
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 15,265 20,805
NOTES:

NQ – Not quantified because this measure was not selected by the City. (-) – Dashes indicate 0/no data
a – Tier 1 measures are the cumulative GHG reduction potential of on-road measures 1-6. b – Tier 2 measures are the cumulative GHG reduction potential of on-road measures 7-9. c – Totals may not sum due to rounding.

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, the City of Coachella is expected to exceed its GHG/SP reduction target by

2.27 MTCO2e by 2030. Table A-18 below summarizes Coachella’s projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-18
Coachella’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 435,558 681,755
Total Reductions from State Measures 137,136 461,495
Total Reductions from Local Measures 15,265 20,805
288

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Resulting GHG Emissions/SP with CCAP
Implementation a 2.86 1.26
GHG/SP Target 5.13 NQ
Target Exceeded By 2.27 NQ
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified

289

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-28 October 31, 2025
City of Desert Hot Springs
The City of Desert Hot Springs is located in the western Coachella Valley in Riverside County, California. It is approximately 12 miles north of Palm Springs and 120 miles east of Los Angeles, accessible via Interstate 10.

Desert Hot Springs is part of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Council District 2, which includes Cathedral City, Indian Wells, Palm Desert, Palm Springs, and Rancho Mirage.

Attractions near Desert Hot Springs include the Cabot’s Pueblo Museum and natural mineral hot springs, known for their healing properties. Desert Hot Springs has a typical desert climate with summertime high temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and wintertime lows near 40°F.

Desert Hot Springs spans 31 square miles, with significant portions designated for residential, open space, and commercial uses. These land uses influence the city’s greenhouse gas (GHG) profile, with primary emissions sources being on-road transportation, residential energy consumption, and industrial processes. The city had a population of 32,654 as of 2023.

Based on socioeconomic data provided by the California’s Department of Finance (DOF), the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 7 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 29 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 25 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 65 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 17 percent and 54 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-19 presents socioeconomic data for Desert Hot Springs, including population, housing, and employment (DOF).

Table A-19
Desert Hot Springs Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 32,654 35,024 42,057
Households 12,006 15,012 19,770
Jobs 11,600 13,591 17,854

Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Desert Hot Springs Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-29 October 31, 2025
conditions and under an “adjusted” forecast scenario that accounts for state-mandated GHG reduction programs that affect all CVAG jurisdictions.

Table A-20 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-10 provides a graphical depiction of the data.

The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-20
Desert Hot Springs GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 97,809 107,417 145,847
Light-Duty Vehicles 79,920 88,081 120,721
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 17,889 19,337 25,125
Building Energy 61,859 72,289 93,196
Residential Electricity 16,875 18,060 21,808
Residential Natural Gas 17,675 22,101 29,095
Non-Residential
Electricity 22,349 26,317 34,660
Non-Residential Natural
Gas 4,959 5,811 7,633
Solid Waste Management 17,815 19,056 23,791
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 1,582 1,697 2,185 Wastewater 1,160 1,376 1,772
Off-Road Equipment 12,435 14,569 22,638
Agriculture 115 153 172
TOTAL a 192,463 216,557 289,601
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 222,892 222,892 222,892 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

291

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Figure A-10 Desert Hot Springs GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-11 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Desert Hot Springs’ 2023 inventory, indicating that on-road transportation is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 51 percent, followed by building energy at about 32 percent, and solid waste management at around 9 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.
292

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Figure A-11 2023 Emissions by Sector – Desert Hot Springs

Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
Desert Hot Springs is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, Desert Hot Springs has set a 30 percent GHG reduction goal from 2023 levels by 2030 at a service population (SP) level (population + employment). In 2023, Desert Hot Springs had a GHG emissions per service population level of 4.36. Aligned with the state’s goals, the City’s 2030 target is 3.04 MTCO2e per service population, indicated in Figure A-12 as the yellow diamond.

Figure A-12 also shows the percent change in GHG emissions, SP, and GHG/SP from 2023 to 2030. With the GHG reduction measures in place, GHG emissions (blue line) are expected to fall by 26 percent and GHGs per SP (light green line) will decrease by 32 percent from 2023 to 2030.

Meanwhile, the service population (green line) is estimated to increase by 10 percent over that same time period. Desert Hot Springs is expected to meet its GHG per SP target by 2030 and would exceed the goal by 0.09 MTCO2e per SP.

293

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-32 October 31, 2025
Figure A-12 Desert Hot Springs 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e) Table A-21 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Desert Hot Springs exceeds its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

Table A-21
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Desert Hot Springs
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 97,809 107,417 26,618 80,799 17%
Building Energy 61,859 72,289 35,020 37,269 40%
Solid Waste
Management 17,815 19,056 9,639 9,417 47%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
1,582 1,697 385 1,312 17%
Wastewater
Treatment 1,160 1,376 213 1,163 0%
Off-Road
Equipment 12,435 14,569 1,489 13,080 -5%
Agriculture 115 153 4 149 -30%
Total 192,463 216,557 73,368 143,189 26%
GHG/SP Total 4.35 2.95 32%
GHG/SP Goal 3.04
Goal Met? Yes

294

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Table A-21
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Desert Hot Springs
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
Goal Exceeded
by 0.09
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-22
Desert Hot Springs GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 19,020 59,888 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 9,301 1,562 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 1,936 5,217 California Solar Mandate 2,348 0
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 1,142 4,576
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 17,352 39,382
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 8,305 68,883
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 385 2,185
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 213 630
Total Reduction from State Measures 60,002 182,322
295

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-34 October 31, 2025
Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Desert Hot Springs’ current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-23 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-23
Desert Hot Springs’ 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification NQ NQ
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures NQ NQ
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat NQ NQ
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades NQ NQ
Energy-5 Solar Window Film NQ NQ
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 15 -26
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation
NQ NQ
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program 265 519
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development
NQ NQ
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space 2,134 -
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes NQ NQ
Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings
NQ NQ
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 961 NQ
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements
- -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs
- -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 963
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
296

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-35 October 31, 2025
Table A-23
Desert Hot Springs’ 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment 225 1,180
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification 122 88
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 7,618 9,148
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion 1,500 2,401
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion 322 1,647
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion 199 239
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens
NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades NQ NQ
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use NQ NQ
Water-2 Water Conservation NQ NQ
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 13,366 17,059
NOTES:

NQ – Not quantified because this measure was not selected by the City. a – Tier 1 measures are the cumulative GHG reduction potential of on-road measures 1-6. b – Tier 2 measures are the cumulative GHG reduction potential of on-road measures 7-9 c – Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, the City of Desert Hot Springs is expected to exceed its GHG/SP reduction target by 2.06 MTCO2e by 2030. Table A-24 below summarizes Desert Hot Springs’ projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-24
Desert Hot Springs’ Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 216,557 289,601
Total Reductions from State Measures 60,002 182,322
Total Reductions from Local Measures 13,366 16,059
Resulting GHG Emissions/SP with CCAP Implementation a 2.95 1.52 GHG/SP Target 3.04 NQ
Target Exceeded By 0.09 NQ
297

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-36 October 31, 2025
Table A-24
Desert Hot Springs’ Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified
(-) – Dashes indicate 0/no data

298

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-37 October 31, 2025
City of Indian Wells
Indian Wells is an internationally-renowned desert resort city located in the Coachella Valley in Riverside County.

Incorporated in 1967, Indian Wells experienced rapid transformation from its humble beginnings into a residential and vacation destination through a boom in development of golf courses, country clubs, and resort hotels. Today, Indian Wells is recognized as a city where residents live in a content, tranquil, and happy environment with an exceptional quality of life.

Indian Wells is best known for its world class resorts, catering to golf and tennis enthusiasts, and quality residential lifestyle. The city is also home to the prestigious BNP Paribas Open; a major annual tennis tournament held at the Indian Wells Tennis Gardens. Residents of the City enjoy an ideal climate, with over 330 days of sunshine each year. The City's beautiful surroundings include views of the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. Looking forward, the City will continue to reinforce and refine its established vision as it plans for a prosperous and sustainable future.

Based on socioeconomic data provided by the California Department of Finance (DOF), the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 2 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 7 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 4 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 11 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 5 percent and 16 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-25 presents socioeconomic data for Indian Wells, including population, housing, and employment (DOF).

Table A-25
Indian Wells Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 4,797 4,879 5,124
Households 5,335 5,568 5,936
Jobs 1,700 1,789 1,980

Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Indian Wells Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-38 October 31, 2025
Table A-26 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045.

Figure A-13 provides a graphical depiction of the data. The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-26
Indian Wells GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 22,010 22,286 23,253
Light-Duty Vehicles 15,289 15,587 16,641
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 6,721 6,699 6,612
Building Energy 59,221 61,723 66,307
Residential Electricity 15,043 15,315 16,168
Residential Natural Gas 25,681 26,939 28,564
Non-Residential
Electricity 11,978 12,608 13,983
Non-Residential Natural
Gas 6,519 6,861 7,593
Solid Waste Management 6,253 6,359 6,777
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 493 501 536 Wastewater 170 192 205
Off-Road Equipment 917 965 973
Agriculture 66 88 98
TOTAL a 89,129 92,113 98,148
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 22,010 22,286 23,253 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

300

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-39 October 31, 2025
Figure A-13 Indian Wells GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-14 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Indian Wells’ 2023 inventory, indicating that building energy is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 66 percent, followed by on road transportation at about 25 percent, and solid waste management at around 7 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.

Figure A-14 2023 Emissions by Sector – Indian Wells

301

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Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
Indian Wells is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, Indian Wells has set a 30 percent GHG reduction goal from 2023 levels by 2030 at a service population (SP) level (population + employment). In 2023, Indian Wells had a GHG emissions per service population level of 13.72. Aligned with the state’s goals, the City’s 2030 target is 9.56 MTCO2e per service population, indicated in Figure A-15 as the yellow diamond.

Figure A-15 also shows the percent change in GHG emissions, SP, and GHG/SP from 2023 to 2030. With the GHG reduction measures in place, GHG emissions (blue line) are expected to fall by 29 percent and GHGs per SP (light green line) will decrease by 31 percent from 2023 to 2030.

Meanwhile, the service population (green line) is estimated to increase by 3 percent over that same time period. Indian Wells is expected to meet its GHG per SP target by 2030 and would exceed the goal by 0.12 MTCO2e per SP.

Figure A-15 Indian Wells 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e) Table A-27 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Indian Wells exceeds its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

302

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Table A-27
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Indian Wells
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced
(2030
Reduction
Plan from
2023
Levels)
On-Road Transportation 22,010 22,286 5,375 16,911 23%
Building Energy 59,221 61,723 20,874 40,849 31%
Solid Waste Management 6,253 6,359 2,536 3,824 39%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
493 501 189 312 37%
Wastewater Treatment 170 192 39 152 11%
Off-Road Equipment 917 965 131 833 9%
Agriculture 66 88 4 84 -27%
Total 89,129 92,113 29,148 62,965 29%
GHG/SP Total 13.72 9.44 31%
GHG/SP Goal 9.56
Goal Met? Yes
Goal Exceeded by 0.12
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-28
Indian Wells GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 11,581 30,673 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 1,116 0 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 463 1,536 California Solar Mandate 1,178 0
Transportation
303

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Table A-28
Indian Wells GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 76 197
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 3,542 6,302
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 1,470 9,495
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 133 0
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 30 0
Total Reduction from State Measures 19,588 48,203

Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Indian Wells’ current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-29 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-29
Indian Wells’ 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification 4,239 8,117
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 811 -
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat 158 7
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades 59 -
Energy-5 Solar Window Film 61 -
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 4 -10
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation 125 241
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program 259 429
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development NQ NQ
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space NQ NQ
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 819
304

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Table A-29
Indian Wells’ 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings NQ NQ
On Road Transportation
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit 363 100
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment 45 51
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification 11 4
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 2,536 2,663
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion
NQ NQ
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion NQ NQ
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion NQ NQ
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens
NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades 10 -
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use 55 -
Water-2 Water Conservation 1 -
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 9,561 11,601
NOTES:

NQ – Not quantified because this measure was not selected by the City. (-) – Dashes indicate 0/no data
a – Tier 2 measures are the cumulative GHG reduction potential of on-road measures 7-9. c – Totals may not sum due to rounding.

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, the City of Indian Wells is expected to meet its GHG/SP reduction target with an additional reduction of 0.12 MTCO2e per SP by 2030. Table A-30 below summarizes Indian Wells’ projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local 305

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and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-30
Indian Wells’ Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 92,113 98,148
Total Reductions from State Measures 19,588 48,203
Total Reductions from Local Measures 9,561 11,601
Resulting GHG Emissions/SP with CCAP
Implementation a 9.44 5.40
GHG/SP Target 9.56 NQ
Target Exceeded By 0.12 NQ
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified

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City of Indio
Located in the Coachella Valley, the City of Indio spans 30 square miles and is the largest municipality in the Valley, both in area and in population. It is the fastest growing city in the Valley, with over 100,000 residents. Indio is bordered by the City of La Quinta to the west, the City of Coachella to the east, and unincorporated Riverside County land to the north and south. Indio has a hot desert climate with hot summers and mild winters and receives approximately 3 inches of rain annually (City of Indio, 2025).

The City of Indio is widely recognized as a cultural, musical, sports, entertainment, and culinary events destination and receives nearly 1.4 million visitors annually. Indio is continuing to grow as a tourism destination and is actively looking to bolster its tourism and hospitability sector while diversifying its economy. Indio has one of the younger populations in the Coachella Valley and is expected to experience an influx of Millennials. Although the region has been encouraging alternative modes of transportation, most residents in the City value the use of their car for primary transportation and using vehicles in Indio is still a priority.

Households are expected to grow 15 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 48 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 11 percent and 36 percent over those same time periods. Table A-31 below details socioeconomic data and growth projections for Indio, including population, housing, and employment (City of Indio, 2019).

Table A-31
Indio Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 94,641 104,482 125,570
Households 29,566 34,047 43,649
Jobs 28,814 32,087 39,103
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Indio Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-46 October 31, 2025
Table A-32 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-16 provides a graphical depiction of the data.

The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-32
Indio GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 314,092 334,519 378,290
Light-Duty Vehicles 190,759 211,104 254,700
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 123,333 123,415 123,590
Building Energy 252,083 281,283 345,917
Residential Electricity 117,651 129,631 89,385
Residential Natural Gas 60,561 69,737 27,710
Non-Residential
Electricity
53,453 59,177 156,567
Non-Residential Natural
Gas
20,419 22,738 72,255
Solid Waste Management 60,787 66,749 78,882
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 2,831 4,105 3,756 Wastewater 3,362 3,125 4,934
Off-Road Equipment 24,944 27,372 32,571
Agriculture 150 200 224
TOTAL a 658,250 717,353 844,573
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 89,787 89,787 89,787 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

308

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Figure A-16 Indio GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-17 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Indio’s 2023 inventory, indicating that on-road transportation is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 48 percent, followed by building energy at about 38 percent, and solid waste management at around 9 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.

309

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Figure A-17 2023 Emissions by Sector – Indio
Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
Indio is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In 2023, Indio had a GHG emissions per service population (GHG/SP) level of 5.33. Aligned with the state’s goals, the City’s 2030 target is 4.20 MTCO2e per service population, indicated in Figure A-18 as the yellow diamond.

Figure A-18 also shows the percent change in GHG emissions, SP, and GHG/SP from 2023 to 2030. With the GHG reduction measures in place, GHG emissions (blue line) are expected to fall by 32 percent and GHGs per SP (light green line) will decrease by 39 percent from 2023 to 2030.

Meanwhile, the service population (green line) is estimated to increase by 11 percent over that same time period. Indio is expected to meet its GHG per SP target by 2030 and would exceed the goal by 0.92 MTCO2e per SP.

310

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Figure A-18 Indio 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e)
Table A-33 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Indio exceeds its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include on-road transportation, building energy, and solid waste management.

Table A-33
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Indio
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation
314,092 334,519 74,039 260,479 17%
Building Energy 252,083 281,283 157,282 124,001 51% Solid Waste
Management
60,787 66,749 33,854 32,896 46%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
2,831 4,105 1,280 2,825 0%
Wastewater
Treatment
3,362 3,125 841 2,284 32%
Off-Road
Equipment
24,944 27,372 2,708 24,664 1%
Agriculture 150 200 4 196 -30%
Total 658,250 717,353 270,007 447,345 32%
GHG/SP Total 5.33 3.28
GHG/SP Goal

4.20 Goal Met? Yes
Goal Exceeded
by 0.92

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Table A-33
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Indio
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-34
Indio GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr)
State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 85,033 227,263 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 31,358 11,394 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 5,854 8,860 California Solar Mandate 3,451 0
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 2,708 6,112
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 52,681 102,672
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 19,905 145,330
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 945 3,756
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 635 1,754
Total Reduction from State Measures 202,570 507,141

Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Indio’s current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-35 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045. 312

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Table A-35
Indio’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification 14,606 36,832
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 4,380 -
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat 392 23
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades 232 -
Energy-5 Solar Window Film 357 -
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 31 -62
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation 331 623
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program 833 1,275
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development 368 -
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space 1,812 -
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 4,648 - Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings 3,596 -
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 1,453 NQ
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements
- -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs
- -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 3,756
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment NQ NQ
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification
NQ NQ
Solid Waste
313

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Table A-35
Indio’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 26,755 32,156
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion 5,268 8,441
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion 1,131 5,439
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion 699 840
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens
NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades 206 0
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use 327 0
Water-2 Water Conservation 8 0
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 67,483 89,111
NOTES:

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, the City of Indio is expected to exceed its GHG/SP reduction target by 0.92 MTCO2e by 2030. Table A-36 below summarizes Indio’s projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-36
Indio’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 717,353 844,573
Total Reductions from State Measures 202,570 507,141
Total Reductions from Local Measures 67,438 89,111
Resulting GHG Emissions/SP with CCAP
Implementation a 3.28 1.51
GHG/SP Target 4.20 NQ
Target Exceeded By 0.92 NQ
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified
314

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City of La Quinta
The City of La Quinta is surrounded by the Santa Rosa Mountains and spans 32 square miles across the floor of the Coachella Valley. It is located between Indian Wells and Indio and has a population of about 41,299 full time residents as of 2023 (RIVCOM). The city also houses just over 12,000 part time residents who reside in the city during the winter and spring seasons.

Similar to other Coachella Valley cities, La Quinta has a desert climate with hot summers and mild winters, experiencing over 300 days of sunshine, on average, per year (City of La Quinta, 2025).

Even with a smaller population, the city remains a hotspot for tourism. The City of La Quinta has evolved from a small residential suburb to a community that has a broad range of housing for permanent and seasonal residents. La Quinta has historically had three dominant economic sectors: resort hotels, golf, and commercial retail, also known for its vibrant arts and culture. With people flooding to the Coachella Valley every year, La Qunita experiences a significant influx of visitors during peak seasons.

Based on socioeconomic data provided by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) through the Riverside County Model (RIVCOM), the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 5 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 15 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 7 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 21 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 3 percent and 10 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-37 below details socioeconomic data and growth projections for La Quinta, including population, housing, and employment (RIVCOM).

Table A-37
La Quinta Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 41,299 43,292 47,564
Households 16,151 17,234 19,554
Jobs 17,042 17,576 18,720
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of La Quinta Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-54 October 31, 2025
conditions and under an “adjusted” forecast scenario that accounts for state-mandated GHG reduction programs that affect all CVAG jurisdictions.

Table A-38 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-19 provides a graphical depiction of the data.

The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-38
La Quinta GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 149,217 149,548 150,258
Light-Duty Vehicles 102,410 106,031 113,790
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 46,807 43,516 36,467
Building Energy 193,619 202,512 222,558
Residential Electricity 62,982 65,893 73,293
Residential Natural Gas 60,544 64,603 15,207
Non-Residential
Electricity
56,249 57,738 72,754
Non-Residential Natural
Gas
13,844 14,278 61,304
Solid Waste Management 22,266 23,311 25,495
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 4,244 4,449 4,888 Wastewater 1,467 1,701 1,869
Off-Road Equipment 13,608 14,000 14,837
Agriculture 161 215 241
TOTAL a 384,583 395,735 420,146
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 108,262 108,262 108,262 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

316

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Figure A-19 La Quinta GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Figure A-20 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of La Quinta’s 2023 inventory, indicating that building energy is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 50 percent, followed by on-road transportation at about 39 percent, and solid waste management at around 6 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.

Figure A-20 2023 Emissions by Sector – La Quinta

317

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Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
The City of La Quinta is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, La Quinta has set a 28 percent GHG reduction goal from 2006 levels by 2030. This equates to total annual emissions target of 359,538 MTCO2e per year by the year 2030, based on the City’s population and jobs forecasts. Figure A-21 shows how this target relates to the City’s business-as-usual (BAU) emissions forecast and is equivalent to a reduction of approximately 31 percent below the 2030 BAU forecast.

Figure A-21 City of La Quinta 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e) The bars in Figure A-21 show La Quinta’s 2023 GHG emissions total, 2030 BAU emissions forecast total, and the total emissions remaining after meeting the City’s emissions reduction target (30% below the 2006 GHG emissions level). The contribution of state and local reductions are overlaid on the 2030 BAU emissions forecast total (“2030 Plan”), representing the total emissions reductions achieved in 2030. As stated above, state reductions account for the majority (~79 percent) of the total reductions needed to achieve the 2030 target.

Table A-39 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that La Quinta more than meets its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

318

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Table A-39
Emissions Reductions by Sector for La Quinta
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030 Emissions
with Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced
(2030
Reduction
Plan from
2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 149,217 149,548 34,414 115,134 23%
Building Energy 193,619 202,512 82,994 119,517 38%
Solid Waste
Management 22,266 23,311 11,531 11,780 47%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
4,244 4,449 1,178 3,271 23%
Wastewater
Treatment 1,467 1,701 263 1,438 2%
Off-Road
Equipment 13,608 14,000 1,385 12,615 7%
Agriculture 161 215 4 211 -31%
Total 384,583 395,735 131,770 263,965 31%
Goal 359,538
Goal Met? Yes
Reductions Beyond
Goal
95,573
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-40
La Quinta GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 53,818 132,402 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 14,535 4,986 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 1,651 3,403 California Solar Mandate 935 0
Transportation
319

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Table A-40
La Quinta GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 1,385 2,784
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 23,802 40,668
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 9,998 64,928
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 1,178 4,888
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 263 664
Total Reduction from State Measures 107,564 254,724
Local Measures
This section highlights the City of La Quinta’s current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-41 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-41
La Quinta’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification NQ NQ
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 3,026 -
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat 338 13
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades NQ NQ
Energy-5 Solar Window Film 228 -
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 14 -35
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation 300 577
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program 623 902
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development 105 -
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space NQ NQ
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 2,848 - Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings 4,573 -
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 614 NQ
320

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Table A-41
La Quinta’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements
- -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs
- -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 896
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment NQ NQ
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification
NQ NQ
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 9,305 10,224
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion 1,832 2,684
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion 393 1,729
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion NQ NQ
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens
NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades NQ NQ
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use NQ NQ
Water-2 Water Conservation NQ NQ
Total Local Reductions Anticipated a 24,205 16,708
NOTES:

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Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, La Quinta is expected to meet its 2030 GHG reduction target through the combination of state regulations and local measures selected by the City. Table A-42 below summarizes La Quinta’s projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-42
La Quinta’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 395,735 420,146
Total Reductions from State Measures 107,564 254,724
Total Reductions from Local Measures 24,205 16,708
Resulting Community Emissions With
CCAP Implementation a 263,965 148,715
Emissions Target 359,538 NQ
Target Exceeded By 95,573 NQ
NOTE:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified

322

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City of Palm Desert
The City of Palm Desert is located in the center of the Coachella Valley and covers approximately 27 square miles.

The City is bordered by Rancho Mirage to the west and Indian Wells to the south and east. It is roughly 14 miles east of Palm Springs. The Santa Rosa Mountains lie south of the City. Like the entire Coachella Valley, Palm Desert experiences a desert climate, characterized by hot summers and warm winters, enjoying over 300 days of sunshine per year.

Palm Desert is known as the cultural and retail center of the desert communities in the Coachella Valley and benefits from a strong tourism industry. In fact, the city’s economy is heavily dependent on tourism, golf courses, and related leisure activities – boasting boutiques, art galleries, and restaurants. Seasonally, 32,000 people flock to the City during the winter and spring (City of Palm Desert, 2025).

Based on socioeconomic data provided by the California Department of Finance (DOF), the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 2 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 8 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 8 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 20 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 4 percent and 13 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-43 below details socioeconomic data and growth projections for Palm Desert, including population, housing, and employment (DOF).

Table A-43
Palm Desert Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 50,889 51,996 55,279
Households 36,898 39,707 44,154
Jobs 24,600 25,604 27,753
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Palm Desert Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-62 October 31, 2025
Table A-44 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045.

Figure A-22 provides a graphical depiction of the data. The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-44
Palm Desert GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 272,460 274,600 282,476
Light-Duty Vehicles 166,921 170,217 182,353
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 105,539 104,383 100,122
Building Energy 236,668 248,985 271,722
Residential Electricity 56,799 58,691 62,817
Residential Natural Gas 88,664 95,447 106,092
Non-Residential
Electricity 56,373 58,593 63,515
Non-Residential Natural
Gas 34,833 36,254 39,298
Solid Waste Management 35,491 36,254 39,242
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 5,230 5,344 5,805 Wastewater 1,808 2,043 2,219
Off-Road Equipment 18,574 19,332 22,123
Agriculture 122 162 182
TOTAL a 570,354 586,719 623,769
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 45,458 45,458 45,458 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

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Figure A-22 Palm Desert GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Figure A-23 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Palm Desert’s 2023 inventory, indicating that on-road transportation is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 48 percent, followed by building energy at about 41 percent, and solid waste management at around 6 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.
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Figure A-23 2023 Emissions by Sector – Palm Desert

Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
Palm Desert is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, Palm Desert has set a 30 percent GHG reduction goal from 2023 levels by 2030 at a service population (SP) level (population + employment). In 2023, Palm Desert had a GHG emissions per service population level of 7.56. Aligned with the state’s goals, the City’s 2030 target is 5.27 MTCO2e per service population, indicated in Figure A-24 as the yellow diamond.

Figure A-24 also shows the percent change in GHG emissions, SP, and GHG/SP from 2023 to 2030. With the GHG reduction measures in place, GHG emissions (blue line) are expected to fall by 30 percent and GHGs per SP (light green line) will decrease by 32 percent from 2023 to 2030.

Meanwhile, the service population (green line) is estimated to increase by 3 percent over that same time period. Palm Desert is expected to meet its GHG per SP target by 2030 and would exceed the goal by 0.13 MTCO2e per SP.

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Figure A-24 Palm Desert 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e)

Table A-45 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Palm Desert exceeds its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

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Table A-45
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Palm Desert
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 272,460 274,600 59,971 214,629 21%
Building Energy 236,668 248,985 103,858 145,126 39%
Solid Waste
Management 35,491 36,254 18,293 17,960 49%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
5,230 5,344 3,608 1,736 67%
Wastewater
Treatment 1,808 2,043 316 1,727 4%
Off-Road
Equipment 18,574 19,332 1,515 17,817 4%
Agriculture 122 162 4 158 -30%
Total 570,354 586,719 187,566 399,153 38%
GHG/SP Total 7.56 5.14
GHG/SP Goal 5.27
Goal Met? Yes
Goal Exceeded
by 0.13
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-46
Palm Desert GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 46,138 141,640 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 16,886 2,627 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 2,195 7,406 California Solar Mandate 4,306 0
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 1,515 4,472
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Table A-46
Palm Desert GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 43,179 76,738
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 16,050 104,050
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 2,185 5,805
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 316 789
Total Reduction from State Measures 132,000 343,526

Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Palm Desert’s current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-47 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-47
Palm Desert 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification 18,680 40,773
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 3,819 -
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat 631 35
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades 233 -
Energy-5 Solar Window Film 287 -
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 34 -47
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation NQ NQ
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program 1,017 2,645
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development 177 -
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space 346 -
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 3,358 - Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings 5,752 -
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 742 NQ
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Table A-47
Palm Desert 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements
- -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs
- -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 997
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment - 1,154
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification - 86
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 14,458 15,371
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion 2,847 4,035
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion 611 2,600
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion 378 402
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens
NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades NQ NQ
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use 2,185 -
Water-2 Water Conservation 7 -
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 55,566 68,050
NOTES:

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-69 October 31, 2025
Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, the City of Palm Desert is expected to meet its GHG/SP reduction target, achieving an additional 0.13 MTCO2e per SP reduction by 2030. Table A-48 below summarizes Palm Desert’s projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-48
Palm Desert’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 586,719 623,769
Total Reductions from State Measures 132,000 343,526
Total Reductions from Local Measures 55,566 68,050
Resulting GHG Emissions/SP with CCAP
Implementation a 5.14 2.56
GHG/SP Target 5.27 NQ
Target Exceeded By 0.13 NQ
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified

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City of Palm Springs
Palm Springs lies off the Western edge of the Coachella Valley in central Riverside County. Palm Springs is bordered by the San Jacinto Mounts to the West and the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south. The City covers a geographical area of 96 square miles, making it the largest city in Riverside County by land area. The city’s population triples from November to March as seasonal residents flock to the city for the winter and spring seasons. Palm Springs is a prominent tourist destination, known for its unique blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and recreational opportunities, and it receives over 1.5 million visitors annually. Known for its golf course, hiking and outdoor activities, and home to one of the largest yearly biking events (City of Palm Springs, 2025).

Based on socioeconomic data provided by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) through the Riverside County Model (RIVCOM), the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 7 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 22 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 8 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 25 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 7 percent and 23 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-49 below details socioeconomic data and growth projections for Palm Springs, including population, housing, and employment (RIVCOM).

Table A-49
Palm Springs Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 50,499 54,075 61,739
Households 25,644 27,720 32,168
Jobs 34,002 36,452 41,701
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Palm Springs Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Table A-50 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-25 provides a graphical depiction of the data. 332

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The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C.

Table A-50
Palm Springs GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 222,436 231,444 250,748
Light-Duty Vehicles 172,392 182,266 203,425
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 50,044 49,179 47,323
Building Energy 275,026 297,773 343,093
Residential Electricity 54,620 60,727 138,007
Residential Natural Gas 110,028 118,934 64,622
Non-Residential Electricity 57,686 61,624 69,924
Non-Residential Natural Gas 52,691 56,488 70,540
Solid Waste Management 38,685 41,316 46,753
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 4,197 2,125 5,131 Wastewater 1,794 4,494 2,426
Off-Road Equipment 31,716 34,169 39,420
Agriculture 366 487 547
TOTAL a 574,219 611,809 688,118
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 397,833 397,833 397,833 NOTES:
a. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b. Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

Figure A-25 Palm Springs GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-26 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Palm Springs’ 2023 inventory, indicating that building energy is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 48 percent,

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followed by on-road transportation at about 39 percent, and solid waste management at around 7 percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.

Figure A-26 2023 Emissions by Sector – Palm Springs

Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
The City of Palm Springs is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, Palm Springs has set a 40 percent GHG reduction goal from 1990 levels by 2030. This equates to total annual emissions target of 297,430 MTCO2e per year by the year 2030, based on the City’s population and jobs forecasts. Figure A-27 shows how this target relates to the City’s business-as-usual (BAU) emissions forecast and is equivalent to a reduction of approximately 48 percent below the 2023 GHG inventory.

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Figure A-27 City of Palm Springs 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e)

The bars in Figure A-27 show Palm Springs’ 2023 GHG emissions total, 2030 BAU emissions forecast total, and the total emissions remaining after meeting the City’s emissions reduction target (40% below the 1990 GHG emissions level). The contribution of state and local reductions are overlaid on the 2030 BAU emissions forecast total (“2030 Plan”), representing the total emissions reductions achieved in 2030. As shown above, state reductions account for the majority of the total reductions needed to achieve the 2030 target.

Table A-51 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Palm Springs does not meet its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

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Table A-51
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Palm Springs
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 222,436 231,444 60,341 171,103 23%
Building Energy 275,026 297,773 102,217 195,556 29%
Solid Waste
Management 38,685 41,316 16,515 24,801 36%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
4,197 2,125 1,041 1,084 74%
Wastewater
Treatment 1,794 4,494 329 4,165 -132%
Off-Road
Equipment 31,716 34,169 3,762 30,407 4%
Agriculture 366 487 4 483 -32%
Total 574,219 611,809 184,208 427,601 26%
Goal 297,430
Goal Met? No
Additional
Reductions
Needed
130,171
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-52
Palm Springs GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 42,869 174,953 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 13,167 1,878 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 4,582 9,278 California Solar Mandate 891 0
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 3,380 7,397
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Table A-52
Palm Springs GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 37,226 67,744
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 17,186 116,073
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 1,041 5,131
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 329 862
Total Reduction from State Measures 120,671 383,317
Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Palm Springs’ current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-53 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-53
Palm Springs’ 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification 23,250 48,735
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 5,223 -
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat 831 55
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades 228 -
Energy-5 Solar Window Film 401 -
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 29 -32
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation 536 1,062
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program 1,261 3,368
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development 383 -
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space NQ NQ
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 2,247 - Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings 6,318
-
On Road Transportation
Tier 2 Measures a Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 1,178
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
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Table A-53
Palm Springs’ 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Tier 3 Measures b Parking Pricing and Limited
Requirements 5,929 NQ
On-Road-10 Parking Pricing and Limited
Requirements - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment NQ NQ
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification 382 -
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 16,515 18,856
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion
NQ NQ
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion NQ NQ
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion NQ NQ
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades NQ NQ
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use NQ NQ
Water-2 Water Conservation NQ NQ
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 63,537 73,222
NOTES:

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, Palm Springs is not expected to meet its 2030 GHG reduction target. Palm Springs could meet its target by adopting more aggressive local measures. Table A-54 below summarizes Palm Springs’ projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.
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Table A-54
Palm Springs’ Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 611,809 688,118
Total Reductions from State Measures 120,671 383,317
Total Reductions from Local Measures 63,537 73,222
Resulting Community Emissions With CCAP
Implementation a 427,601 231,580
Emissions Target 297,430 NQ
Further Reductions Needed 130,171 NQ
NOTE:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified

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City of Rancho Mirage
The City of Rancho Mirage is located at the center of the Coachella Valley. It is between Palm Springs to the west and Palm Desert to the east. The City spans about 25 square miles. Rancho Mirage has a desert climate and experiences hot summers and mild winters. The permanent population of Rancho Mirage in 2004 was 13,700. This increased to 18,295 as of January 1, 2017. The population of Rancho Mirage experiences large increases with temporary residents who flood the city during the Fall, Winter, and Spring seasons, leaving during the summer. As is the case with many cities in the Coachella Valley, a significant portion of the local economy is based on tourism, hotels, resorts, gold course, and outdoor activities. All attract tourists year-round (City of Rancho Mirage, 2025).

Based on socioeconomic data provided by the California Department of Finance (DOF), the City’s population is expected to grow approximately 3 percent from 2023 to 2030, and 13 percent from 2023 to 2045. Households are expected to grow 9 percent from 2023 to 2030 and 24 percent from 2023 to 2045, while employment is expected to grow 5 percent and 14 percent over those same time periods.

Table A-55 below details socioeconomic data and growth projections for Rancho Mirage, including population, housing, and employment (DOF).

Table A-55
Rancho Mirage Socioeconomic Data
Category 2023 2030 2045
Population 16,992 17,561 19,247
Households 14,985 16,382 18,592
Jobs 6,300 6,591 7,213
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Emissions Forecasts
The City of Rancho Mirage Community GHG Inventory quantifies the annual emissions resulting from activities within the City by residents, businesses, and the local government in 2023. The community inventory provides an understanding of where GHG emissions originate and informs development of effective strategies and actions to reduce emissions.

Table A-56 provides a summary of the City’s 2023 community inventory and forecasted emissions for the years 2030 and 2045. Figure A-28 provides a graphical depiction of the data.

The boundaries of analysis, along with the methodology and assumptions used to develop the inventories and future projections, are included in Appendix C. 340

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Table A-56
Rancho Mirage GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e) Sector 2023 2030 2045
On-Road Transportation 84,005 85,209 89,826
Light-Duty Vehicles 59,846 61,123 66,013
Heavy-Duty Vehicles 24,159 24,086 23,813
Building Energy 139,386 147,945 164,485
Residential Electricity 28,528 29,417 32,422
Residential Natural Gas 55,081 60,224 68,338
Non-Residential
Electricity 33,076 34,556 37,735
Non-Residential Natural
Gas 22,700 23,747 25,990
Solid Waste Management 12,139 12,538 14,090
Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment 1,746 1,805 2,044 Wastewater 604 690 782
Off-Road Equipment 2,338 2,446 2,728
Agriculture 116 154 172
TOTAL a 240,333 250,786 274,128
Natural Working Lands and Forestry b 111,311 111,311 111,311 NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.
b - Natural Working Lands and Forestry is included as an informational line item and does not count towards total emissions.

Figure A-28 Rancho Mirage GHG Emissions Inventory and BAU Forecasts (MTCO2e)

Figure A-29 shows each sector’s contribution to the City of Rancho Mirage’s 2023 inventory, indicating that building energy is the greatest contributor to total emissions, at 58 percent, followed by on road transportation at 35 percent, and solid waste management at around 5 341

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percent. The sectoral contributions to total emissions are expected to remain generally similar in 2030 and 2045.

Figure A-29 2023 Emissions by Sector – Rancho Mirage
Greenhouse Gas Forecast and Reduction Targets
Rancho Mirage is committed to supporting the state’s goals for GHG emissions reduction by the year 2030 as mandated by SB 32. In order to achieve these goals, Rancho Mirage has set a 30 percent GHG reduction goal from 2023 levels by 2030 at a service population (SP) level (population + employment). In 2023, Rancho Mirage had a GHG emissions per service population level of 10.32. Aligned with the state’s goals, the City’s 2030 target is 7.19 MTCO2e per service population, indicated in Figure A-30 as the yellow diamond.

Figure A-30 also shows the percent change in GHG emissions, SP, and GHG/SP from 2023 to 2030. With the GHG reduction measures in place, GHG emissions (blue line) are expected to fall by 30 percent and GHGs per SP (light green line) will decrease by 33 percent from 2023 to 2030.

Meanwhile, the service population (green line) is estimated to increase by 4 percent over that same time period. Rancho Mirage is expected to meet its GHG per SP target by 2030 and would exceed the goal by 0.24 MTCO2e per SP.

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Figure A-30 Rancho Mirage 2030 GHG Reduction Target (MTCO2e) Table A-57 summarizes the 2023 inventory, 2030 BAU forecast, and GHG reduction (“Reduction Plan”) results by sector. It shows the percent reduction in each sector’s emissions in 2030 and demonstrates that Rancho Mirage exceeds its emissions reduction goal. Emissions sectors with the greatest percent reduction include the water, waste, and building energy sectors.

Table A-57
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Rancho Mirage
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
On-Road
Transportation 84,005 85,209 19,594 65,614 22%
Building Energy 139,386 147,945 56,902 91,043 35%
Solid Waste
Management 12,139 12,538 5,002 7,536 38%
Water Transport,
Distribution, and
Conveyance
1,746 1,805 1,216 589 66%
Wastewater
Treatment 604 690 107 583 3%
Off-Road
Equipment 2,338 2,446 192 2,254 4%
Agriculture 116 154 4 150 -30%
Total 240,333 250,786 83,016 167,770 30%
GHG/SP Total 10.32 6.95
GHG/SP Goal 7.19
Goal Met? Yes
Goal Exceeded
by 0.24
NOTES:

Totals may not add up due to rounding.

343

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-82 October 31, 2025
Table A-57
Emissions Reductions by Sector for Rancho Mirage
Sector
2023
Emissions
(MTCO2e)
2030 BAU
(MTCO2e)
2030
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030
Emissions
with
Reduction
Plan
(MTCO2e)
Percent of
Emissions
Reduced (2030
Reduction Plan
from 2023
Levels)
Dashes indicate no value or not applicable.

Negative reduction percentages indicate an increase in emissions.

Table A-58
Rancho Mirage GHG Reductions from State Measures (MTCO2e/yr) State Measures by Sector 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
SB100 (2018) Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) 26,700 72,418 SB 350 Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act 4,475 0 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards 1,578 5,974 California Solar Mandate 2,651 0
Transportation
Small Off-Road Engines Regulation and Zero-Emission
Forklift Regulation 192 551
Vehicle Efficiency Standards 13,577 24,330
Advanced Clean Cars II (ACCII) 5,763 37,667
Water
Water Conservation Mandates 478 2,044
Wastewater
Renewable Electricity in Wastewater Systems 107 278
Total Reduction from State Measures 55,520 143,262
Local Measures
This section highlights the City of Rancho Mirage’s current and planned GHG reduction initiatives across the sectors of Energy, Transportation, Solid Waste, Water and Wastewater, and Agriculture and Land Use. Table A-59 provides a list of local reduction measures that the City will undertake, and the anticipated reductions expected by 2030 and 2045.

Table A-59
Rancho Mirage’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy
Energy-1 Building Electrification 13,105 29,108
344

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-83 October 31, 2025
Table A-59
Rancho Mirage’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Energy-2 LED Bulbs and Fixtures 1,852 -
Energy-3 Smart Thermostat 419 23
Energy-4 Appliance Electrification Upgrades 96 -
Energy-5 Solar Window Film 137 -
Energy-6 Cool Roofs 13 -25
Energy-7 Roofline Insulation and Attic
Encapsulation 282 550
Energy-8 HVAC Maintenance Program 595 1,296
Energy-9 Solar Installations for New Commercial
and Industrial Development 100 -
Energy-10 On-site Solar Energy for New and
Existing Warehouse Space NQ NQ
Energy-11 Solar Installations for Existing Homes 1,936 - Energy-12 Solar Installations for Existing
Commercial and Industrial Buildings 2,963 -
On Road Transportation
Tier 1 Measures a Land Use and Infrastructure 254 NQ
On-Road-1 Increase Housing Density - -
On-Road-2 Increase Land Use Diversity - -
On-Road-3 Light-Duty EV Infrastructure - -
On-Road-4 Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-5 Bicycle and Micromobility
Infrastructure Improvements - -
On-Road-6 Transition City and Agency Fleets to
ZEVs - -
Tier 2 Measures b Commuter Trip Reduction and
Public Transit NQ 366
On-Road-7 Increase Transit Service and Frequency - -
On-Road-8 Transit Oriented Development - -
On-Road-9 Transportation Demand Management - -
Off Road Equipment and Transportation
Off-Road-1 Construction Equipment 0 142
Off-Road-2 Lawn and Garden Equipment
Electrification 0 11
Solid Waste
Waste-1 SB 1383 Organic Waste Recycling 5,002 5,482
345

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix A: CVAG City Profiles CCAP Appendix A A-84 October 31, 2025
Table A-59
Rancho Mirage’s 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Potential by Measure Local Measures
by Sector Description 2030 Reduction
Potential
2045 Reduction
Potential
Waste-2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Diversion NQ NQ
Waste-3 Solid Waste Diversion NQ NQ
Waste-4 Food Waste and Organics Diversion NQ NQ
Agriculture
Ag-1 Urban Tree Planting 4 -
Ag-2 Local Agriculture and Community
Gardens NQ NQ
Water and Wastewater
Wastewater-1 Equipment Upgrades NQ NQ
Water-1 Increase Recycled Water Use 738 -
Water-2 Water Conservation 7 -
Total Local Reductions Anticipated c 27,497 36,951
NOTES:

Meeting GHG Reduction Targets
As discussed earlier, the City of Rancho Mirage is expected to meet its GHG/SP reduction target, achieving an additional 0.24 MTCO2e per SP reduction by 2030. Table A-60 below summarizes Rancho Mirage’s projected greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions for 2030 and 2045 resulting from local and state initiatives and indicates the extent to which these actions surpass the established emissions targets.

Table A-60
Rancho Mirage’s Anticipated 2030 and 2045 GHG Reduction Summary (MTCO2e) 2030 2045
BAU Forecast 250,786 274,128
Total Reductions from State Measures 55,520 143,262
Total Reductions from Local Measures 27,497 36,951
Resulting GHG Emissions/SP with CCAP
Implementation a 6.95 3.55
GHG/SP Target 7.19 NQ
Target Exceeded By 0.24 NQ
NOTES:
a - Totals may not sum due to rounding.

NQ – not quantified
346

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-1 October 31, 2025
Appendix B. WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures
This appendix includes tables of GHG reduction measures found in 7 existing local Climate Action Plans (CAPs) in the WRCOG region developed by the cities of Beaumont, Corona, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, Moreno Valley, and Riverside, as well as the County of Riverside County.

The reduction measures tables are taken directly from each CAP, with the original table numbers referenced in each table header. A column has been added to each table to show alignment with measures in the Comprehensive Climate Action Plan (CCAP), which align very closely with the 2022 WRCOG Subregional CAP. If a local CAP measure is not accounted for in the CCAP it is categorized as “None Identified”. Additionally, any local CAP measures identified as “not quantified - supporting action” indicates that it is not quantified by the CCAP or it is a general or supporting measure that is not tied to a specific sector. 347

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-2 October 31, 2025
Table B-1
City of Beaumont – Summary of Community GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(From CAP Table 8)
Goal and Policy
2020 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Goal 1: Increase Energy Efficiency in Existing Residential Units

1.1: Energy Efficiency Education and
Best Practices ‐ ‐
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

1.2: Increase Community Participation in
Existing Energy Efficiency Opportunities 40 121
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

1.3: Promote or Establish Free or
Required Home Energy Evaluations
‐
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

1.4: Promote Residential Home Energy
Renovations 2,123 6,368
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 2: Increase Energy Efficiency in New Residential Development

2.1: Encourage or Require Energy
Efficiency Standards Exceeding State
Requirements
8,166 24,497
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 3: Increase Energy Efficiency in Existing Commercial Units

3.1: Energy Efficiency Training,
Education, and Recognition in the
Commercial Sector
‐ ‐
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

3.2: Increase Business Participation in
Existing Energy Efficiency Programs 575 1,725
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

3.3: Incentivize or Require Non‐
Residential Energy Audits ‐ ‐
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

3.4: Establish, Promote, Incentivize or
Require Non‐ Residential Retrofits. 1,232 3,696
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 4: Increase Energy Efficiency in New Commercial Development

4.1: Encourage or Require Energy
Efficiency Standards Exceeding State
Requirements
3,521 10,562
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 5: Increase Energy Efficiency through Water Efficiency

5.1: Support Water Efficiency through
Enhanced Implementation of SB X7‐7 1,259 3,776 SW-1: Water Conservation Measures
348

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-3 October 31, 2025
Table B-1
City of Beaumont – Summary of Community GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(From CAP Table 8)
Goal and Policy
2020 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure

5.2: Exceed Water Efficiency Standards 1 4
SW-1: Water
Conservation
Measures
Goal 6: Decrease Energy Demand through Reducing Urban Heat Island Effect

6.1: Tree Planting for Shading and Energy
Efficiency 1 4 LE-6: Shade Trees

6.2: Light‐reflecting Surfaces for Energy
Efficiency ‐ ‐ LE-7: Cool Roofs and
Pavements
Goal 7: Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Reducing Vehicle Miles Traveled

7.1: Encourage Non‐Motorized
Transportation Options 30 89
LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements

7.2: Encourage, Promote, Incentivize or
Expand the Use of Pass Transit System or
other Transit Services
295 866
LT-5: Increase
Transit Service and
Frequency

7.3: Create Bicycle Master Plan to
Expand Bike Routes around the City 13 866
LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements

7.4: Promote Ride Sharing Programs
within Businesses 147 441 LT-3: Carshare &
Carpool Programs

7.5: Electrify the Fleet 501 1,504 LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
Goal 8: Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Reducing Solid Waste Generation

8.1: Reduce Waste to Landfills 7,499 22,496
LR-1: Zero Waste
Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling and
Waste Diversion
Mandates
Goal 9: Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Increasing Clean Energy Use

9.1: Promote Clean Energy ‐ ‐
Goal 10: Decrease GHG Emissions of New Development through Application of CEQA Screening Tables
349

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-4 October 31, 2025
Table B-1
City of Beaumont – Summary of Community GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(From CAP Table 8)
Goal and Policy
2020 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure

10.1: Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy in new development 2,825 4,742
SE-2: Title 24 Building
Energy Standards

10.2: Encourage Solid Waste Reduction
in new development 156 266 LR-1: Zero Waste
Initiatives

10.3: Encourage VMT Reduction in new
development 116,839 171,674
LT-10: Transit
Oriented
Development

Table B-2
City of Beaumont Summary of Municipal GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(From CAP Table 9)
Goal and Policy
2020 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Goal M‐1: Participate in Education, Outreach, and Planning Efforts for Energy Efficiency M‐1.1: Increase Energy Savings
through the SCE Energy Leader
Partnership
‐ ‐ LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency of
Existing Buildings
Goal M‐2: Increase Energy Efficiency in Municipal Buildings M‐2.1: Conduct Municipal Energy
Audit ‐ ‐
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
M‐2.2: Green Building Participation
‐ ‐
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
M‐2.3: Demand Response Programs
‐ ‐
LE-2: Community
Choice/Utility Renewable
Electricity
M‐2.4: Direct Install Program

22.88 34.12
LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
M‐2.5: Procurement Policy for Energy
Efficient Equipment 21.96 75.58
LE-2: Community
Choice/Utility
Renewable Electricity
M‐ 2.8: Recycled Solid Waste ‐ ‐ SR-1: Recycling and
Waste Diversion Mandates
350

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-5 October 31, 2025
Table B-2
City of Beaumont Summary of Municipal GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(From CAP Table 9)
Goal and Policy
2020 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
2030 Emission
Reductions
(MTCO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
M‐2.9: Recycled Water ‐ ‐ LW-1: Increase Recycled
Water Use
Goal M‐3: Increase Energy Efficiency in Community Buildings and Infrastructure M‐3.1: Traffic Signal and Outdoor
Lighting Retrofits ‐ ‐ LE-5: Traffic & Street
Light Upgrades
M‐3.2: Upgrade or Incorporate Water‐
Conserving Landscape ‐ ‐ SW-1: Water Conservation
Measures
M‐3.3: Plant Trees for Shade and
Carbon Sequestration ‐ - LE-6: Shade Trees
Goal M‐4: On‐Road Energy Efficiency Enhancements; Employee Commute and Vehicle Fleet M‐4.1: Introduce Pass Transit Benefits ‐ ‐ LT-11: Subsidized Transit M‐4.2: Encourage or Incentivize
Employee Carpools 3.4 6.5 LT-3: Carshare & Carpool
Programs
M‐4.3: Encourage or Incentivize
Purchase of Hybrid or Electric
Vehicles

6.42 8.28
LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
M‐4.4: Replace or Supplement Vehicle
Fleet with Hybrid/Electric Vehicles 22.4 76.5

LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
M‐4.5: Install E‐Vehicle Chargers 3.5 5.6 LT-10: Local ZEV Programs
Goal M‐5: Reduce Energy Consumption in the Long Term
M‐5.1: Ongoing Actions and Projected
Reductions
276 2,808 -

Table B-3
City of Corona – Summary of Community GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(Based on CAP Table 9)

Goals and Measures
2030 Emission
Reductions (MT
CO2e)
2040 Emission
Reductions (MT
CO2e)

CCAP Aligning Measure
Goal 1: Increase Energy Efficiency in Existing Residential Units

1.1: Energy Efficiency Training,
Education, and Recognition in the
Residential Sector
- - LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
351

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-6 October 31, 2025
Table B-3
City of Corona – Summary of Community GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(Based on CAP Table 9)

Goals and Measures
2030 Emission
Reductions (MT
CO2e)
2040 Emission
Reductions (MT
CO2e)

CCAP Aligning Measure

1.2: Increase Community
Participation in Existing Energy
Efficiency Programs
3,715 3,885

LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

1.3: Home Energy Evaluations - - LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

1.4: Residential Home Energy
Renovations
2,276 2,380 LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 2: Increase Energy Efficiency in New Residential Units

2.1: Exceed Energy Efficiency
Standards
3,918 4,097 LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 3: Increase Energy Efficiency in Existing Commercial Units

3.1: Energy Efficiency Training,
Education, and Recognition in the
Commercial Sector
- - LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

3.2: Increase Business Participation
in Existing Energy Efficiency
Programs
7,031 7,557 LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

3.3: Nonresidential Building Energy
Audits
- - LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

3.4: Nonresidential Building Retrofits 37,592 40,406 LE-3: Improve Energy Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 4: Increase Energy Efficiency in New Commercial Units

4.1: Exceed Energy Efficiency
Standards
5,742 6,172 LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
Goal 5: Increase Energy Efficiency through Water Efficiency

5.1: Water Efficiency through
Enhanced Implementation of Senate
Bill X7-7
1,524 1,607 LW-1: Increase Recycled
Water Use
SW-1: Water Conservation
Measures

5.2: Exceed Water Efficiency
Standards
- - SW-1: Water Conservation
Measures
Goal 6: Decrease Energy Demand through Reducing Urban Heat Island Effect per Title 24 Requirements

6.1: Tree Planting for Shading and
Energy Saving
- - LE-6: Shade Trees
352

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-7 October 31, 2025
Table B-3
City of Corona – Summary of Community GHG Reduction Strategies and Emission Reductions
(Based on CAP Table 9)

Goals and Measures
2030 Emission
Reductions (MT
CO2e)
2040 Emission
Reductions (MT
CO2e)

CCAP Aligning Measure

6.2: Light-Reflecting Surfaces for
Energy Saving
601 633 LE-7: Cool Roofs and
Pavements
Goal 7: Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Reducing Vehicle Miles Traveled

7.1: Alternative Transportation
Options
53,944 57,849 LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
LT-4: Parking Pricing and
Limited Requirements

7.2: Implement Bicycle Master Plan
to Expand Bicycle Routes around
Corona
482 517 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
Goal 8: Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Reducing Solid Waste Generation

8.1: Reduce Waste to Landfills 20,271 21,378 LR-1: Zero Waste Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling and
Waste Diversion Mandates
Goal 9: Decrease Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Increasing Clean Energy Use

9.1: Clean Energy 21,999 21,999 LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings

9.2: Join CCA Program 214,052 230,348 LE-2: Community
Choice/Utility Renewable
Electricity

353

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-8 October 31, 2025
Table B-4
City of Lake Elsinore – Summary of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measure Potential (From CAP Table 5-3)

Measure Number and Title
2020 GHG
Reduction Potential
(MT CO2e)
2030 GHG
Reduction
Potential (MT
CO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure

STATE-LEVEL MEASURES
AB 1493 (Pavley) 118,167 225,199 -
Low Carbon Fuel
Standards
46,841 89,268 -
Heavy/Medium
Duty Efficiency
1,065 2,029 -
Passenger
Vehicle
Efficiency
17,033 32,461 -
Renewable
Portfolio
Standard
56,422 107,527 -

TOTAL REDUCTIONS

FROM STATE MEASURES
239,528 456,484

LOCAL STRATEGIES AND MEASURES
Transportation and Land Use Measures
Strategy T-1: Increase bicycle, pedestrian and public transit travel Measure T-1.1:

Safe Routes to
School
288 576 LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
Measure T-1.2:

Pedestrian
Infrastructure
557 1,115 LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
Measure T-1.3: Street and Sidewalk Maintenance
and Improvements
Contributes to T-1.2
and T-1.4
Contributes to
T-1.2 and T-1.4
LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
Measure T-1.4: Bicycle Infrastructure 2,230 4,460 LT-1: Bicycle Infrastructure
Improvements
Measure T-1.5: Bicycle Parking Standards Contributes to T-1.4
Contributes to
T-1.4
LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
Measure T-1.6: Public Transit Incentives 2,527 5,055 LT-5: Increase Transit Service and
Frequency
LT-11: Subsidized
Transit
354

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-9 October 31, 2025
Table B-4
City of Lake Elsinore – Summary of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measure Potential (From CAP Table 5-3)

Measure Number and Title
2020 GHG
Reduction Potential
(MT CO2e)
2030 GHG
Reduction
Potential (MT
CO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Strategy T-2: Manage vehicle parking
Measure T-2.1: Designated Parking for Fuel-
Efficient Vehicles
872 1,744 LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
Strategy T-3: Increase efficiency of land use patterns
Measure T-3.1: Mixed-Use, High Density, Infill
and Transit Oriented
Development
27,107 54,215 LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
Measure T-3.2: Mixed-Use, Infill, and Transit
Oriented Development
Incentives
Included in T-3.1 Included in T-3.1 LT-7: Increase
Housing Density
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
Measure T-3.3: Density Bonus Incentive Included in T-3.1 Included in T-

3.1 LT-7: Increase
Housing Density
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
Measure T-3.4: Neighborhood Commercial Centers Included in T-3.1 Included in T-

3.1 LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
Strategy T-4: Reduce trips
Measure T-4.1: Commute Trip Reduction Program 1,608 3,216 RT-2:

Telecommuting
LT-3: Car Share
and Carpool
Programs
LT-11: Subsidized
Transit
Strategy T-5: Increase the use of low- and zero-emissions vehicles Measure T-5.1: Hybrid and Fuel-Efficient Vehicle
Incentives
26,924 53,848 RT-3: Regional
Zero Emission
Vehicle (ZEV)
Initiatives
355

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-10 October 31, 2025
Table B-4
City of Lake Elsinore – Summary of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measure Potential (From CAP Table 5-3)

Measure Number and Title
2020 GHG
Reduction Potential
(MT CO2e)
2030 GHG
Reduction
Potential (MT
CO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
Measure T-5.2: Municipal Fleet Vehicle
Purchasing Policy
25 50 None Identified
Subtotal Transportation and Land Use 62,138 124,279
Energy Measures
Strategy E-1: Reduce energy demand of new construction
Measure E-1.1: Tree Planting Requirements 378 757 LE-6: Shade Trees Measure E-1.2: Cool Roof Requirements 5,934 11,868 LE-7: Cool Roofs and Pavements
Measure E-1.3: Energy Efficient Building
Standards
41,302 82,604 SE-2: California
Building Energy
Efficiency
Standards
Strategy E-2: Increase energy efficiency of existing buildings Measure E-2.1: Energy Efficiency Upgrades and
Retrofits
26,528 53,057 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
Measure E-2.2: Green Business Certification
Program
Included in E-2.1
(2,998)
Included in E-

2.1 (5,997)
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency of
Existing Buildings
Measure E-2.3: Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb
(CFL) Distribution
Program
Included in E-2.1
(60)
Included in E-

2.1 (60)
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency of
Existing Buildings
Strategy E-3: Increase in energy efficiency of municipal buildings and facilities by 15% by 2020 and 20% by 2030
Measure E-3.1: City HVACs 3 3 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency of
Existing Buildings
Measure E-3.2: Energy Efficient Street and Traffic
Signal Lights
274 548

LE-5: Traffic &
Street Light
Upgrades
Measure E-3.3: Street Light Automatic Daylighting
Control Devices
100 100 LE-5: Traffic &
Street Light
Upgrades
356

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-11 October 31, 2025
Table B-4
City of Lake Elsinore – Summary of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measure Potential (From CAP Table 5-3)

Measure Number and Title
2020 GHG
Reduction Potential
(MT CO2e)
2030 GHG
Reduction
Potential (MT
CO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Measure: E-3.4: Energy Efficient Lights, Ballasts,
and Occupancy
Sensors at City Facilities
33 33 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
Measure E-3.5: Municipal Energy Efficiency
Upgrades and
Purchasing Standards
471 629 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
Strategy E-4: Reduce water consumption
Measure E-4.1: Landscaping Ordinance 3,602 7,205 LW-1: Increase Recycled Water
Use
Measure E-4.2: Indoor Water Conservation
Requirements
6,940 13,881 SW-1: Water
Conservation
Measures
Strategy E-5: Increase the use of renewable energy
Measure E-5.1: Renewable Energy Incentives 3,566 7,132 LE-1: Expand Local Renewable
Energy Production
Subtotal Energy 89,131 177,817
Solid Waste Measures
Strategy S-1: Increase solid waste diversion
Measure S-1.1: Commercial Recycling 6,366 7,074 LR-1: Zero Waste Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling
and Waste
Diversion
Mandates
Measure S-1.2: Tiered Solid Waste Rate Structure 1,696 1,884 LR-1: Zero Waste Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling
and Waste
Diversion
Mandates
Measure S-1.3: Recycling Receptacles at City
Buildings and Facilities
<1 1 LR-1: Zero Waste
Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling
and Waste
Diversion
Mandates
Measure S-1.4: Construction and Demolition Waste 152 152 LR-1: Zero Waste 357

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-12 October 31, 2025
Table B-4
City of Lake Elsinore – Summary of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measure Potential (From CAP Table 5-3)

Measure Number and Title
2020 GHG
Reduction Potential
(MT CO2e)
2030 GHG
Reduction
Potential (MT
CO2e)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Diversion Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling
and Waste
Diversion
Mandates
Measure S-1.5: Green Waste Program 212 414 LR-1: Zero Waste Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling
and Waste
Diversion
Mandates
Strategy S-2: Decrease waste generated
Measure S-2.1: Municipal Purchasing Policy <1 <1 LR-1: Zero Waste Initiatives
Subtotal Solid Waste 8,427 9,525
Public Education and Outreach Measures
Strategy EO-1: Expand Community Education and Outreach

Measure EO-1.1: Green Page on City’s Webpage
Contribute to transportation,
energy, and solid waste
measures.

Not quantified-
Supporting
actions
Measure EO-1.2: Quarterly Brochures with
Emissions Reduction Information
Contribute to transportation,
energy, and solid waste
measures.

Not quantified-
Supporting
actions

Measure EO-1.3: Themed Events
Contribute to transportation,
energy, and solid waste
measures.

Not quantified-
Supporting
actions
Measure EO-1.4: Multi-Modal Transportation
Access Guide
Contribute to transportation
measures.

Not
quantified-
Supporting
actions
Subtotal Public Education and Outreach Not applicable

TOTAL REDUCTION FROM LOCAL

MEASURES
159,696 311,621

TOTAL REDUCTION FROM STATE AND

LOCAL MEASURES
399,224 768,105

358

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-13 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure

TRANSPORTATION CAP STRATEGIES
TR-
1 Partner with Moreno
Valley Unified School
District (MVUSD), Val
Verde Unified School
District (VVUSD) and
Moreno Valley College to
establish an online system
like 511.org that links
employees and guardians
of students to provide
carpool matching.

7.2 – 15.8%
(CAPCOA)

7.2% 36,671 LT-5: Increase
Transit Service
and Frequency
TR-
2 Continue to implement a
Safer Routes to School
program for increased
bicycle and pedestrian
safety to and from schools.

7.2 – 15.8%
(CAPCOA)

7.2% 36,671 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
TR-
3 Establish a goal of achieving
a 10 percent increase in
alternative mode use by
people employed in Moreno
Valley, working with
businesses with over 50
employees to implement on a
voluntary basis
Transportation Demand
Management strategies and
programs identified in
Connect SoCal, the SCAG
Regional Transportation
Plan/Sustainable
Communities Strategy
(RTP/SCS), including but
not limited to: implementing
commuter benefit programs,
promoting telecommuting
and alternative work
schedule options, and other
financial incentives.

5.0 – 30.0%
(Victoria
Transport
Policy
Institute)

10.0% 50,932 RT-2:

Telecommuting
LT-11:

Subsidized
Transit
359

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-14 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
TR-
4 Create a Transportation
Demand Management
program for City staff to
promote alternative
transportation modes and
carpooling to the greatest
extent possible.

5.0 – 10.0%
(Victoria
Transport
Policy
Institute)

5.0% 25,466 RT-2:

Telecommuting
LT-3: Carshare &
Carpool Programs
LT-11: Subsidized
Transit
TR-
5 Implement trip reduction
programs in new
residential, commercial,
and mixed-use
developments.

5.0 – 10.0%
(Victoria
Transport
Policy
Institute)

5.0% 25,466 LT-7: Increase
Housing Density
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
TR-
6 Advocate for transit
service improvements by
area transit providers with
an emphasis on
coordinating public transit
schedules and connections
and for subsidies for a
higher level of transit
service and/or more transit
passes for residents and/or
employees.

0.3 – 20.0%
(CAPCOA)

1.0% 5,093 LT-5: Increase
Transit Service &
Frequency
TR-
7 Secure funding to install
electric vehicle recharging
stations or other alternative
fuel vehicle support
infrastructure in existing
public and private parking
lots.

0.5 – 12.7%
(CAPCOA)

12.7% 64,683 LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
TR-
8 Increase the number of
efficient or alternatively
fueled vehicles in the City
fleet as vehicles are turned
over.

0.4 – 20.3%
(CAPCOA)

1.0%
5,093
LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
TR-
9 Consider requiring new
multi-family residential and
mixed use development to
reduce the need for external
trips by providing useful
services/facilities on-site
Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
360

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-15 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
such as an ATM, vehicle
refueling, electric vehicle
infrastructure, and
shopping.

TR-
10 Create at least one day a
year when a portion of
streets and plazas is
designated for pedestrian
and/or bicycle access only.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION 250,075

INDUSTRIAL CAP STRATEGIES
I-1 Actively promote the use of
energy- efficient building
operations systems in
existing and new industrial
facilities with the goal of
achieving a 40 percent
energy reduction in 30
percent of industrial square
footage citywide by 2040.

Effectiveness should be
confirmed through
commissioning of new
systems.

12.0-16.0%
(0.4 x 0.3 =

0.12; Mills,
E.)

12.0%
38,416
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
SE-2: California
Building Energy
Efficiency
Standards
I-2 Promote and incentivize
solar installations on new
and existing industrial and
warehousing facilities
through partnerships with
energy providers (e.g.

Moreno Valley Utility
(MVU), Southern
California Edison (SCE))
and other private sector
funding sources, with the
goal of providing 25
percent of energy needs
with solar in 30 percent of
industrial and warehouse
square footage by 2040.

Examples of incentives
include reduced permit

7.0%
(0.25 x 0.3 =

0.75;

CAPCOA)

7.0%
22,409
LE-1: Expand
Local Renewable
Energy Production
361

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-16 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
fees or streamlined permit
approval processes.

I-3 Work with electricity
providers (e.g. MVU,
SCE) to encourage large
commercial and industrial
facilities to participate in
energy efficient upgrade
programs including
installation of solar PV
systems and EV chargers
and to establish annual
targets.

0.2 – 5.5%
(CAPCOA)

0.5%
1,601
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings

INDUSTRIAL CAP STRATEGIES
I-4 Develop and implement
Technology Advancement
Program, working with
industrial, warehousing,
and distribution facilities to
encourage innovation,
development of new
emissions reduction
technologies, and energy
efficient/alternative fueled
equipment upgrades.

Provide incentives through
partnerships with regional,
statewide, and federal
programs.

0.4 – 20.3%
(CAPCOA)

1.0%
3,201
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION 65,628

RESIDENTIAL CAP STRATEGIES
362

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-17 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
R-1 Provide incentives such as
streamlined permitting or
bonus density for new
multi-family buildings and
re-roofing projects to
install “cool” roofs
consistent with the current
California Green Building
Code (CALGreen)
standards for commercial
and industrial buildings.

25.0%
(NRDC)

25.0%
13,549
None Identified
R-2 Require new construction
and major remodels to
install interior real-time
energy smart meters in line
with current utility
provider (e.g. MVU, SCE)
efforts.

7.0%
(ACEEE)

7.0%
5,280
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
R-3 Develop and implement
program to incentivize
single-family residential
efficiency retrofits and
participation in Moreno
Valley Utility direct install
program with the goal of a
50 percent energy
reduction compared to
baseline in 30 percent of
the total single-family
homes citywide by 2040.
0 – 15.0%

0.5 x 0.3 =

0.15;

CAPCOA)

15.0%
3,185
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
R-4 Prioritize cap and trade
funds to assist low-income
homeowners achieve
energy-efficient
improvements and fund
weatherization programs.

3.7 – 7.5%
(CAPCOA)

3.7%
9,793
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
R-5 Apply for and prioritize
Community Block
Development Grant funds
to assist low-income
homeowners achieve
energy-efficient
improvements.

3.7 – 7.5%
(CAPCOA)

3.7%
9,793
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
363

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-18 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
R-6 Develop program and
funding strategy to
incentivize conversion of
natural gas heated homes
and nonresidential
buildings to electricity.

2.0 – 4.0%
(CAPCOA)

2.0%
4,185
LE-4: Building &
Appliance
Electrification
R-7 Develop and implement
program to incentivize
multi-family residential
efficiency audits and
participation in Moreno
Valley Utility direct install
program with the goal of a
50 percent energy
reduction in 30 percent of
the projected amount of
multi-family homes
citywide by 2035
0 – 15.0%

0.5 x 0.3 =

0.15;

CAPCOA)

15.0%
12,955
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings

RESIDENTIAL CAP STRATEGIES
R-8 Provide a toolkit of
resources, including web-
based efficiency
calculators, for residents
and businesses to analyze
their greenhouse gas
emissions in comparison to
their neighborhood, the
city, and the region.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
R-9 Develop and implement a
competitive greenhouse
gas reduction program
with an award component
between groups of
citizens in the city.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION 58,742

COMMERCIAL CAP STRATEGIES
C-1 Expand efforts to install
energy- efficient lighting
technologies in new and
existing private parking
lots.
0 – 68%
(CAPCOA)

20.0%
21,999
LE-5: Traffic &
Street Light
Upgrades
364

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-19 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
C-2 Facilitate energy efficiency
improvements in
nonresidential buildings
through incentives and
regulations that may
include energy
performance reports, time
of sale upgrades, and/or
innovative partnerships
such as expansion of utility
provider (e.g. MVU, SCE,
SoCal Gas) programs to
reduce energy use.

5.2 – 15.0%
(CAPCOA)

5.2%
8,307
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
C-3 Promote energy efficiency
financing programs to
medium to large sized
commercial facilities.

0.4% (EPA) 0.4%
479
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
C-4 Promote Moreno Valley
Utility and Southern
California Edison direct
install energy efficiency
programs to help small
businesses identify
opportunities to save
electricity.

0.4% (EPA) 0.4%
158
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
C-5 Actively engage with
Moreno Valley businesses to
identify areas for GHG
reduction and financial
savings.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION 30,945
365

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-20 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure

OFF-ROAD CAP STRATEGIES
OR-
1 Encourage residents and
businesses to use efficient
lawn and garden
maintenance equipment or
to reduce the need for
landscape maintenance
through native planting.
• Partner with the
SCAQMD to
establish a voluntary
exchange program
for residential
electric lawnmowers
and backpack- style
leaf blowers.
• Require new
buildings to provide
electrical outlets in
an accessible
location to facilitate
use of electric-
powered lawn and
garden equipment.
• In project review,
encourage the
replacement of high-
maintenance
landscapes (like
grass turf) with
native vegetation to
reduce the need for
gas-powered lawn
and garden
equipment.
0 – 49.5%
(CAPCOA)

1.0% 4,928
None Identified
366

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-21 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
OR-
2 Reduce emissions from
heavy-duty construction
equipment by limiting idling
based on South Coast Air
Quality Management District
(SCAQMD) requirements
and utilizing cleaner fuels,
equipment, and vehicles.
• Require provision of
clear signage
reminding
construction workers
to limit idling.
• Require project
applicants to limit
GHG emissions
through one or more
of the following
measures: substitute
electrified or hybrid
equipment for
diesel/gas powered,
use alternative-fueled
equipment on site,
avoid use of on-site
generators.

2.5 – 22.0%
(CAPCOA)

2.5% 1,232
None Identified
TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION 6,160

PUBLIC CAP STRATEGIES
PS-
1 Participate in Savings by
Design program to identify
ways to improve the energy
efficiency for all new
municipal buildings and
facilities. As part of the
Savings By Design program,
new municipal buildings
and facilities shall have a
goal to exceed Title 24
Building Standards by 10%.

0.2 – 5.5%
(CAPCOA)

5.5%
66 None Identified
PS-
2 Expand City of Moreno
Valley’s Environmental
Procurement Administrative
Procedure to address energy

5.0 – 10.0%
(EPA)

10.0%
121
LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
367

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-22 October 31, 2025
Table B-5
City of Moreno Valley CAP Strategies by Sector
(From CAP Tables 4-1 to 4-7)
ID Measure
Effectiveness
Range
Assumed
Effectiveness
Estimated GHG
Emissions
Reduction
(MTCO2e/year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
efficient equipment.

PS-
3 Support Moreno Valley
Utility and Southern
California’s efforts to
conduct an annual
municipal energy audit to
determine if energy
efficient retrofits are
effective in reducing
emissions from City
operations.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
PS-
4 Utilize Energy
Management tools to
monitor long-term impacts
of municipal efficiency
projects.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LE-3: Improve
Energy Efficiency
of Existing
Buildings
TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION 187

NATURAL RESOURCES CAP STRATEGIES
NC-
1 Require new landscaping to
be climate appropriate.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LW-1: Increase
Recycled Water
Use
SW-1: Water
Conservation
Measures
NC-
2 Encourage residents and
businesses to use efficient
lawn and garden
maintenance equipment or to
reduce the need for
landscape maintenance
through native planting.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 General: Covered
by multiple
measures; Except
for Native
Landscaping
NC-
3 Increase and maintain urban
greening in the community
by maintaining Tree City
USA status and promoting
tree planting and urban
gardening programs.

Supportive
(CAPCOA)
0%
0 LE-6: Shade Trees
TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION 0

368

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-23 October 31, 2025
Table B-6
City of Murrieta Summary of GHG Reduction Measure Performance (From CAP Table 3-4)
Number Strategy and Measure
2020 GHG
Reductions
(MTCO2e/Year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Community Involvement Strategy
CIR-6 Alternative travel modes and facilities are
available to serve residents and
employers/employees and reduce vehicle miles
traveled.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
CSV-15 A community taking a leadership role in
resource conservation and reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions by implementing
programs to improve municipal operations.
97 Not quantified-
Supporting actions
HC-1 Application of innovative and model best
practices in the community health field.
253 Not quantified-
Supporting actions
Subtotal 350
Land Use and Community Vision Strategy
LU-1 A complementary balance of land uses
throughout the community that meets the needs
of existing residents and businesses as well as
anticipated growth, and achieves the
community’s vision.
18,674 LT-7: Increase
Housing Density
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
LU-4 A housing stock that meets the diverse needs
of Murrieta’s existing and future residents.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
LU-5 Promotion of quality industrial development
that provides local employment opportunities.
3,641 LT-7: Increase
Housing Density
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
LU-6 Land use policy that encourages job retention and
attraction.
52,288 LT-7: Increase
Housing Density
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
LU-7 Economically viable, vital, and attractive
commercial centers throughout the City that
serve the needs of the community.

Supporting
Measure
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
369

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-24 October 31, 2025
Table B-6
City of Murrieta Summary of GHG Reduction Measure Performance (From CAP Table 3-4)
Number Strategy and Measure
2020 GHG
Reductions
(MTCO2e/Year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Development
LU-8 A community that provides opportunities for
mixed use and/or transit-oriented development.
784 LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
LU-9 Land use patterns and urban design that
support healthy and sustainable lifestyles and
businesses.
2,334 LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
LU-10 A community that provides pedestrian-friendly
environments for residential, commercial,
business, and recreation uses.

Supporting
Measure
LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
ED-3 A sound, stable, and diversified economic base. Supporting Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting measure
ED-4 Positive balance between the supply of retail
opportunities and demand for goods and services.

Supporting
Measure
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
ED-5 An improved jobs/housing balance. Supporting
Measure
LT-8: Increase
Land Use Diversity
ED-6 An educated and highly-skilled labor force. Supporting Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting measure
ED-8 Strategic Approach to Economic Growth Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting measure
ED-10 A revitalized and economically stable Historic
Downtown Murrieta.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting measure
AQ-6 Stationary source pollution (point source and
area source) are minimized through existing
and future regulations and new technology.

Supporting
Measure
Not applicable –
large stationary
sources not
included in
inventory
Subtotal 77,721 16.56%
Transportation and Mobility Strategy
LU-22 Natural and visual resources are valued
resources to maintain the rural character of the

Supporting
Not quantified-
Supporting measure
370

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-25 October 31, 2025
Table B-6
City of Murrieta Summary of GHG Reduction Measure Performance (From CAP Table 3-4)
Number Strategy and Measure
2020 GHG
Reductions
(MTCO2e/Year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Los Alamos Hills. Measure
LU-24 Historic Murrieta as the City’s cultural, civic
and community center.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting measure
LU-25 Collaboration with Federal, State, County, and
other regional agencies and authorities to ensure
compliance with existing and future legislation
that affects the City of Murrieta.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting measure
CIR-1 A circulation system that serves the internal
circulation needs of the City, while also
addressing the inter-community or through
travel needs.

7,470
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
LT-5: Increase
Transit Service &
Frequency
CIR-2 A comprehensive circulation system that
promotes safety.
14,939 LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
CIR-5 A supported regional transportation system that
serves existing and future travel between
Murrieta and other population and employment
centers within southwest Riverside County and
the larger region, and that accommodates the
regional travel needs of developing areas outside
the City.

1,867
LT-9: Transit-
Oriented
Development
CIR-6 Alternative travel modes and facilities are
available to serve residents and
employers/employees and reduce vehicle miles
traveled.

37,345
LT-3: Carshare &
Carpool Programs

CIR-7 Residential areas and activity centers are
accessible to all pedestrians, including persons
with disabilities or having special accessibility
needs.

934
LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
CIR-8 Development, expansion, and maintenance of a
network of bicycle, pedestrian, and multi -use
trails that allows residents to travel between
parks, schools, neighborhoods, and other major
destinations without driving.

6,536
LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
AQ-4 Mobile source emissions are reduced by
providing a balance of jobs and housing that
serve the needs of the community.
18,674 LT-8: Increase Land
Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-
371

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-26 October 31, 2025
Table B-6
City of Murrieta Summary of GHG Reduction Measure Performance (From CAP Table 3-4)
Number Strategy and Measure
2020 GHG
Reductions
(MTCO2e/Year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
Oriented
Development
AQ-5 Air quality is improved through an efficient
circulation system, reduced traffic congestion,
and reduced vehicle miles traveled.
47 LT-5: Increase
Transit Service &
Frequency
LT-6: Traffic Signal
Coordination
Subtotal 87,812
Energy Use and Conservation Strategy
CSV-12 Energy conservation and the generation of
energy from renewable sources is prioritized as
part of an overall strategy to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.

54,588
LE-1: Expand Local
Renewable Energy
Production
CSV-14 A community that encourages and incentivizes
the sustainable development of buildings and
neighborhoods, particularly with respect to
durability, energy and water use, and
transportation impacts.

120,120
General: Covered by
multiple measures
Housing
Element
Goal 2
Conserve and enhance the quality of existing
housing and residential neighborhoods in
Murrieta.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
Subtotal 174,708
Water Use and Efficiency Strategy
INF-2 Infrastructure for recycled water is expanded
throughout Murrieta for irrigation and other non-
potable uses.
4,019 LW-1: Increase
Recycled Water Use
CSV-1 A community that conserves, protects, and
manages water resources to meet long-term
community needs, including surface waters,
groundwater, imported water supplies, storm
water, and wastewater.

10,097
SW-1: Water
Conservation
Measures
CSV-2 Murrieta promotes compliance with requirements
from the State and appropriate agencies
regarding comprehensive water conservation
measures in buildings and landscaping.

Supporting
Measure
SW-1: Water
Conservation
Measures
Subtotal 14,116
Waste Reduction and Recycling Strategy
372

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-27 October 31, 2025
Table B-6
City of Murrieta Summary of GHG Reduction Measure Performance (From CAP Table 3-4)
Number Strategy and Measure
2020 GHG
Reductions
(MTCO2e/Year)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
INF-1 New development and redevelopment is
coordinated with the provision of adequate
infrastructure for water, sewer, storm water,
and energy.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
CSV-13 Solid waste is diverted from landfills through
waste reduction, re-use and recycling.
7,009 SR-1: Recycling and
Waste Diversion
Mandates
Subtotal 7,009
Open Space Strategy
CSV-9 A community that promotes the growth of an
urban forest and water -efficient landscaping,
recognizing that plants provide natural services
such as habitat, storm water management, soil
retention, air filtration, and cooling, and also
have aesthetic and economic value.

1,590
General: Covered by
multiple measures;
Except for Urban
Forests

CSV-10 Fresh food is grown locally and made available
through multiple venues that maintain a link to
the City’s agricultural heritage and promote
healthy eating.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
ROS-7 Open space areas are planned to protect,
conserve, and utilize resources of unique
character and value for the community.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
ROS-8 New development is part of a coordinated system
of open space, parkland, recreation facilities, and
trails.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
ROS-9 Public plazas or green spaces provide
additional open space opportunities for existing
and future residents and employees.

Supporting
Measure
Not quantified-
Supporting actions
Subtotal 1,590
Statewide Reductions
SB 1078 and SB 107 53,691
AB 1493 and EO S-1-07 52,389
Subtotal Statewide
Reductions
106,080
Total Reductions 469,386

15.21% from 2009 baseline

373

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-28 October 31, 2025

Table B-7
City of Riverside 2020 and 2035 Reductions from State and Regional Measures (From CAP Table B.3-1)
State and Regional Measures by Sector
2020
Reductions
(MT
CO2e/yr)
2035
Reductions
(MT CO2e/yr)
CCAP
Aligning
Measure
SR-1 Renewables Portfolio Standard 363,096 372,020 -
SR-2 2013 California Building Energy Efficiency
Standards (Title 24, Part 6) 19,156 62,927 -
SR-3 HERO Residential Program 38,681 64,964 -
SR-4 HERO Commercial Program 6,618 86,276 -
SR-5 Edison Energy Action Plans N/A N/A -
Energy Subtotal 427,551 586,187
SR-6 Pavley & Low Carbon Fuel Standard 429,447 694,841 - SR-7 Metrolink Expansions 9,045 11,289 -
SR-8 Express Lanes 23,858 29,779 -
SR-9 Congestion Pricing 1,272 1,588 -
SR-10 Telecommuting 15,905 19,853 -
SR-11 Goods Movement 8,893 10,811 -
SR-12 Electric Vehicle Plan and Infrastructure 31,811 39,705 - Transportation Subtotal 520,232 807,866
SR-13 Construction and Demolition Waste Diversion 1,789 4,865 LR-1: Zero Waste
Initiatives
SR-1:

Recycling and
Waste
Diversion
Mandates
Solid Waste Subtotal 1,789 4,865
TOTAL REDUCTIONS from State and Regional Measures 949,572 1,398,918

374

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-29 October 31, 2025
Table B-8
City of Riverside 2020 and 2035 Reductions from Local Measures (From CAP Table B.3-2)
Local Measures by Sector
2020 Reductions
(MT CO2e/yr)
2035 Reductions
(MT CO2e/yr)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
E-1 Traffic and Street Lights 549 4,153 LE-5: Traffic & Street Light Upgrades
E-2 Shade Trees 96 841 LE-6: Shade Trees
E-3 Local Utility Programs –
Electricity
32,197 43,491 LE-3: Improve Energy
Efficiency of Existing
Buildings
E-4 Renewable Energy
Production on Public
Property
Supporting Supporting LE-1: Expand Local
Renewable Energy
Production
E-5 UC Riverside Carbon
Neutral Program
32,959 32,959 None Identified
E-6 Riverside Public Utilities
Technology Grants
Supporting Supporting None Identified
Energy Subtotal 65,801 81,444
T-1 Bicycle Infrastructure
Improvements
15,905 20,889 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
T-2 Bicycle Parking 2,168 2,889 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
T-3 End of Trip Facilities 1,119 1,491 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
T-4 Promotional
Transportation Demand
Management
909 1,212 RT-2: Telecommuting
LT-3: Car Share and
Carpool Programs
T-5 Traffic Signal
Coordination
51,693 68,754 LT-6: Traffic Signal
Coordination
T-6 Density 1,259 1,887 LT-7: Increase Housing
Density
T-7 Mixed-Use Development 769 1,153 LT-8: Increase Land Use Diversity
LT-9: Transit-Oriented
Development
T-8 Pedestrian Only Areas 1,399 1,824 LT-2: Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Improvements
T-9 Limited Parking
Requirements for New
Development
17,482 24,757 LT-4: Parking Pricing and
Limited Requirements
375

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-30 October 31, 2025
Table B-8
City of Riverside 2020 and 2035 Reductions from Local Measures (From CAP Table B.3-2)
Local Measures by Sector
2020 Reductions
(MT CO2e/yr)
2035 Reductions
(MT CO2e/yr)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
T-10 Bus Rapid Transit Services 1,399 2,330 LT-5: Increase Transit Service and Frequency
T-11 Voluntary Transportation
Demand Management
2,185 3,095 RT-2: Telecommuting
LT-3: Car Share and
Carpool Programs
T-12 Accelerated Bike Plan
Implementation
3,496 4,951 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
T-13 Fixed Guideway Transit - 13,981 LT-5: Increase Transit Service and Frequency
T-14 Neighborhood Electric
Vehicle Programs
3,496 4,660 LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
T-15 Subsidized Transit 3,496 4,951 LT-11: Subsidized Transit T-16 Bike Share Program 210 280 LT-1: Bicycle
Infrastructure
Improvements
T-17 Car Share Program 2,797 3,728 LT-3: Carshare &
Carpool Programs
T-18 SB 743 as Alternative to
LOS
2,028 2,703 LT-9: Transit-Oriented
Development
T-19 Alternative Fuel and
Vehicle Technology and
Infrastructure
5,245 6,991 LT-10: Local ZEV
Programs
T-20 Eco-Corridor Supporting Supporting None Identified Transportation Subtotal 111,811 172,526
W-1 Water Conservation and
Efficiency
10,748 10,748 SW-1: Water
Conservation Measures
Water Subtotal 10,748 10,748
SW-
1 Yard Waste Collection 468 1,238 LR-1: Zero Waste
Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling and
Waste Diversion
Mandates
SW-
2 Food Scrap and Paper
Diversion
571 9,317 LR-1: Zero Waste
Initiatives
SR-1: Recycling and
Waste Diversion
Mandates
Solid Waste Subtotal 1,039 10,555
376

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix B: WRCOG GHG Reduction Measures CCAP Appendix B B-31 October 31, 2025
Table B-8
City of Riverside 2020 and 2035 Reductions from Local Measures (From CAP Table B.3-2)
Local Measures by Sector
2020 Reductions
(MT CO2e/yr)
2035 Reductions
(MT CO2e/yr)
CCAP Aligning
Measure
A-1 Local Food and
Agriculture Supporting Supporting -

TOTAL LOCAL ACTION
REDUCTIONS 189,399 275,273

377

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix D C-1 October 31, 2025
Appendix C. GHG Quantification Methods
This section presents the overall methods used to prepare the community GHG emissions inventories and BAU forecasts for CVAG. It contains the definitions and terminology relevant to the inventories, inventory accounting protocols used, emissions factors, and analysis methods.

GHG Inventory Methodology
GHG Inventory Definitions
Community Inventory. This term refers to a comprehensive assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within a specific community. It only includes emissions that are under the control or subject to the influence of that jurisdiction and are geographical, meaning that the emissions included in the inventory or the activities that contribute to emissions must occur inside the jurisdictional boundary.

Direct emissions, such as natural gas combustion in buildings, are included in the inventory if a jurisdiction can affect those emissions by influencing energy use (such as through energy efficiency measures). For indirect emissions – for example, solid waste that is initially disposed of within the jurisdiction but is sent to a landfill outside the jurisdiction – would be included if the jurisdiction can affect emissions reductions among the population, such as waste diversion programs.

The community inventory includes the collection and analysis of data from various sources including building energy, on road transportation, off-road equipment, agriculture, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, water transport, distribution, and treatment emissions, and natural and working lands emission sinks. The inventory aims to provide a detailed overview of the community's current emissions and serves as a foundation for developing local climate action plans.

BAU Forecast. The emissions forecasts for 2030 and 2045 show the business-as-usual emissions associated with each jurisdiction's future community emissions. The forecast accounts for any emissions reduction programs that were already in place during 2023 that would impact the baseline inventory, but it does not account for any emissions reduction programs implemented after 2023 or changes to those actions that occurred after 2023.

Unit of Measure. The unit of measure used throughout the GHG inventories and forecasts is the metric ton of CO2 equivalent (MTCO2e). This is the internationally used unit that combines the varying warming-effectiveness of the primary greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4, and N2O) into a single unit, by multiplying each gas by its global warming potential (GWP). GWP is the measure of how much a given mass of GHG contributes to global warming. GWP compares the relative warming effect of other gases to that of CO2.
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Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-2 October 31, 2025
Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Business as Usual Forecasts for 2030 and 2045
BAU forecast projections were developed for 2030 and 2045. The projections estimate the quantity of emissions resulting from each jurisdiction in each of the forecast years. Because it does not account for any programs, measures, or activities that would reduce emissions, the projections reflect the impacts of socioeconomic growth. The projections do, however, account for the impact of any programs, measures, or activities that were implemented prior to 2023, as these would have already lowered the baseline year emissions.

As such, the future year-projections can be used to determine the magnitude of the reductions that need to be achieved in those future years to reach each jurisdiction’s emissions-reduction target.

The BAU projections are based on current energy consumption and activity data, the anticipated growth rates in socioeconomic data provided by the jurisdictions and CVAG, and other appropriate data sources, as listed in this report. Consistent with California’s BAU projections, the future year BAU emissions projections do not assume the implementation of any federal, state, or local reduction measures. Rather, the future emissions are projected based on current energy and carbon intensity in the existing economy. The specific assumptions associated with the growth rates are discussed in “Analysis Methods”.

The methods and assumptions for the projections discussed in the following sections are intended to produce a reasonable estimate of emissions for the future years. Although these assumptions are supported by established inventory protocols and widely used inventory methodologies, the methods for estimating BAU forecast emissions for the 10-jurisdiction subregion are subject to certain limitations. Specifically, in cases where future emission factor data are limited, the emission factors were assumed to remain constant from the current year’s inventory.

Additionally, emissions were estimated based on historical trends in some emissions-generating activities. However, it is possible that future emissions may not actually follow past trends.

Inventory Protocols
There are several accepted protocols for estimating emissions to prepare GHG inventories.

Consistent with the previous inventory analysis and with standard practice among other municipal governments in California and the United States, the ICLEI U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions was the primary protocol used to prepare the inventories (ICLEI–Local Governments for Sustainability USA 2012). This inventory includes the following emissions activities from the ICLEI Community Protocol: use of electricity, use of fuel in stationary applications, use of on-road motor vehicles, water consumption, solid waste disposal, wastewater treatment and agricultural activity. The protocol includes these activities, because a municipal government typically has control or substantial influence over such activities.

Although the ICLEI Community Protocol is the primary tool that was used for this analysis, other resources relevant to GHG emissions accounting were also used. The ICLEI Community Protocol was supplemented with factors, methods, and assumptions from these other resources, which include the following: California Air Resources Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 379

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-3 October 31, 2025
California Energy Commission, and California Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association. The next section includes a table of emission factors and constants used in the inventory calculations.

Emission Factors and Constants
Table C-1
Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors and Constants
Source Emission Factor Reference
Building Energy
Electricity
Southern California Edison 374 lb CO2e/MWh 1
Imperial Irrigation District 0.00019 MT CO2/kWh 2

5.22e-09 MT CH4/kWh 2

6.02e-10 MT N2O/kWh 2

0.0000336 g SF6/kWh 2
Desert Community Energy - Carbon Free 0 MT CO2/kWh 3
0 MT CH4/kWh 3
0 MT N2O/kWh 3

0.0000336 g SF6/kWh 3
Desert Community Energy - Desert Saver 8.55e-05 MT CO2/kWh 3

5.15e-09 MT CH4/kWh 3

6.88e-10 MT N2O/kWh 3

0.0000336 g SF6/kWh 3
Electricity Transmission & Distribution Loss
Factor 2023 5.1% 4
Electricity T&D Loss Rate (2030) 4.9% 4
Electricity T&D Loss Rate (2045) 5.4% 4
Natural Gas
Residential & commercial uses 66.88 kg CO2/MMBtu 5
3 g CH4/MMBtu 6
.6 g N2O/MMBtu 5
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2 73.96 kg CO2/MMBtu 5
3 g CH4/MMBtu 5
.6 g N2O/MMBtu 5
HGL 74.92 kg CO2/MMBtu 5
3 g CH4/MMBtu 5
.6 g N2O/MMBtu 5
Kerosene 75.2 kg CO2/MMBtu 5
3 g CH4/MMBtu 5
.6 g N2O/MMBtu 5
Wood 93.8 kg CO2/MMBtu 5

7.2 g CH4/MMBtu 5

3.6 g N2O/MMBtu 5
Transportation
Vehicle Emission Rates
Truck 1,540.6 g CO2e /mile 11
Passenger Vehicle 390.3 g CO2e /mile 11
Bus 1,817.3 g CO2e /mile 11
Agriculture
Enteric Fermentation
Dairy Cattle 90.79 kg CH4/head 7
Beef Cattle 71.94 kg CH4/head 7
Horses 18 kg CH4/head 7
380

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-4 October 31, 2025
Table C-1
Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors and Constants
Source Emission Factor Reference
Mules and Asses 8.16 kg CH4/head 7
Goats 5 kg CH4/head 7
Sheep 8 kg CH4/head 7
Swine 1.5 kg CH4/head 7
Manure Management - Methane
Dairy Cattle 71.87 kg CH4/head 7
Beef Cattle 8.58 kg CH4/head 7
Horses 3.29 kg CH4/head 7
Mules and Asses 0.64 kg CH4/head 7
Goats 0.4 kg CH4/head 7
Sheep 0.71 kg CH4/head 7
Chickens-Broilers 0.2 kg CH4/head 7
Chickens-Layers 0.09 kg CH4/head 7
Swine 13.63 kg CH4/head 7
Manure Management – Nitrous Oxide
Dairy Cattle 1.24 kg N2O/head 7
Beef Cattle 0.43 N2O/head 7
Horses 0.11 N2O/head 7
Mules and Asses 0.07 N2O/head 7
Goats 0.11 N2O/head 7
Sheep 0.13 N2O/head 7
Chickens-Broilers 0 N2O/head 7
Chickens-Layers 0 N2O/head 7
Swine 2.7 N2O/head 7
Direct and Indirect Nitrification
Volitization .0005 kg N2O-N/kg N 8
Leaching 0.011 kg N2O-N/kg N 8
Liming 0.059 MT CO2/MT Liming 9
Dolomite 0.064 MT CO2/MT Dolomite 9
Urea 0.2 MTCO2/MT Urea 10
Waste
Newspaper

0.47 Total Organic Degradable Carbon
(TDOC) 6
Office paper 0.396 TDOC 6
Corrugated boxes 0.449 TDOC 6
Coated paper 0.33 TDOC 6
Food 0.148 TDOC 6
Grass 0.133 TDOC 6
Leaves 0.291 TDOC 6
Branches 0.442 TDOC 6
Lumber 0.43 TDOC 6
Textiles 0.24 TDOC 6
Diapers 0.24 TDOC 6
Construction/Demolition 0.04 TDOC 6
Medical Waste 0.15 TDOC 6
Sludge/Manure 0.05 TDOC 6
Water See Building Energy Emission Factors 1,2
Wastewater

Process Emissions

Wastewater Processing 3.2 g N2O /person/year 6
381

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-5 October 31, 2025
Table C-1
Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors and Constants
Source Emission Factor Reference
Effluent Discharge Fugitive Emissions

Total N-Load 0.026 kg N/person/day 6
N Uptake 0.005 kg N/kg BOD5 6
BOD5 0.09 kg BOD5/person/day 6
Sewage Discharge

0.005 kg N2O-N/kg sewage-N
discharged
6 Molecular Weight Ratio 1.57 6
Septic System Fugitive Emissions

BOD5 0.09 kg BOD5/person/day 6
Bo 0.6 kg CH4/kg BOD5 6
CH4 Correction Factor 0.22 (unitless) 6
Energy-Related Emissions

Energy Intensity - Lagoon 2,000 kWh/million gal 6
Energy Intensity – Attached Growth 1,150 kWh/million gal 6 Energy Intensity – Activated Sludge 1,400 kWh/million gal 6 Energy Intensity – Nitrification/Denitrification 3,000 kWh/million gal 6 Collection Intensity 280 kWh/million gal 6
Per capita Water Use 100 gal/day/person 6
References:
1 Edison International, 2023
2 Imperial Irrigation District, 2023
3 Desert Community Energy, 2022
4 eGRID, 2022
5 U.S. EPA Emissions Factor Hub, 2024
6 ICLEI Community Protocol, 2013
7 California Air Resources Board, 2021
8 IPCC, 2019
9 U.S. EPA GHG Inventory, 2024
10 IPCC, 2006
11 CARB, 2021

Analysis Methods
As defined above, the community inventories include GHG emissions occurring within the boundaries of each jurisdiction in the region. The analysis methods for each emissions sector in the inventory are described in this section. The primary data sources for each sector are also provided.
• Building Energy - Residential: natural gas (direct emissions) and electricity consumption (indirect emissions) for the residential sector. Data provided by Southern California Edison, Southern California Gas, Imperial Irrigation District, and Desert Community Energy. Residential fuel use from sources not provided by utilities (i.e., propane, wood, fuel oil, and kerosene) was estimated using average household 382

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-6 October 31, 2025
consumption data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration; namely, the Residential Energy Consumption Survey, and State Energy Data System. • Building Energy - Non-Residential: natural gas (direct emissions) and electricity consumption (indirect emissions) for commercial, industrial, and other non-residential land uses. Data provided by the utilities is noted above for Residential. • Light/Medium-Duty Vehicles: emissions from combustion of fuel in light-duty and medium-duty passenger vehicles traveling in each jurisdiction. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) data provided by Fehr and Peers using the Riverside County Model (RIVCOM). • Heavy-Duty Vehicles: emissions from combustion of fuel in heavy-duty trucks traveling in each jurisdiction. VMT data provided by Fehr and Peers using RIVCOM. • Off-Road Equipment: emissions from fuel combustion in off-road vehicles and equipment in each jurisdiction. Data provided by CARB’s OFFROAD model for the entire County and apportioned to each jurisdiction using socioeconomic data. • Agriculture: emissions resulting from enteric fermentation and manure management from livestock operations, fertilizer application to crops, and field burning of agricultural residues. Data provided by the US Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Services and other sources provided by Riverside County. • Solid Waste Management: CH4 emissions from waste decomposition, generated by each jurisdiction and deposited in landfills. Data provided by CalRecycle. • Wastewater Treatment: fugitive emissions from domestic wastewater treatment. Data provided by wastewater treatment providers.
• Water Transport, Distribution, and Treatment: electricity consumption associated with water transport, distribution, and treatment. Water demand data per capita calculated from the individual Urban Water Management Plans applicable to each jurisdiction.

Water energy intensity factors provided by various sources, as noted in Table C-2.

The inventory was conducted primarily using spreadsheet-based calculations informed by the methods established in the ICLEI Community Protocol. Table C-2 presents the emissions sectors included in the community inventory, the data source for each emission sector, the methods for scaling the regional emissions to each jurisdiction where appropriate, and the methods for projecting emissions to 2030 and 2045. Population, housing, and employment estimates and forecasts for 2023, 2030, and 2045 are presented in the CCAP. These projections were used to forecast emissions in 2030 and 2045.
383

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-7 October 31, 2025
Table C-2
CVAG GHG Emissions Inventory Data Sources and Methods
Sector Emission Sources Source of Data Scaling Methods Projection Methods Residential
(Natural Gas
and
Electricity)
-Electricity
consumption
-Natural gas
consumption
-Other fuels
(propane, wood, fuel
oil, kerosene)
-Fugitive emissions
of SF6 from
transport of
electricity
-Electricity data
from utilities
(jurisdiction-level
data)b
-Natural gas data
from utilities
(jurisdiction-level
data)c
-SF6 factor from
SoCal Edison and
estimate from CARB
inventory
None Household growth
factors
Non-
Residential
(Natural Gas
and
Electricity)
-Electricity
consumption
-Natural gas
consumption
- Fugitive emissions
of SF6 from
transport of
electricity
-Electricity data
from utilities
(jurisdiction-level
data)b
-Natural Gas data
from utilities
(jurisdiction-level
data)c
-SF6 factor from
SoCal Edison and
estimate from CARB
inventory

None Employment growth
factors
Light/Medium
-Duty Vehicles
Light and medium-
duty passenger
vehicle fuel
combustion
-Emission factors
derived from
CARB’s
EMFAC2021 model
None -EMFAC2021
projections
Heavy-Duty
Vehicles
Heavy-duty truck
fuel combustion
-Emission factors
derived from
CARB’s
EMFAC2021 model
None -EMFAC2021
projections
Off-road
Equipment
Off-road vehicles
and equipment fuel
combustion
-Fuel consumption
derived from
CARB’s OFFROAD
model
Employment -OFFROAD fuel
consumption
projections
Agricultural
Emissions
Enteric fermentation
and manure
management from
dairy and other
agricultural
operations, fertilizer
application from
farm operations
Riverside County
Crop Report (2022);
United States
Department of
Agriculture National
Agricultural
Statistics Service
(2022) – scaled to
Inland Empire based
on assumptions from
Riverside County Ag
Commissioner
(2024)
Quantity of dairy,
cattle, and swine;
grazing land use;
agricultural soils;
field burning of
agricultural residues
-Linear projection of
livestock population
from 2022 to 2050
(livestock)
-Annual increase of

2.3% per year based
on USDA NASS
fertilizer expense
data
-Wheat yield
projections based on
2022 values.
384

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-8 October 31, 2025
Table C-2
CVAG GHG Emissions Inventory Data Sources and Methods
Sector Emission Sources Source of Data Scaling Methods Projection Methods Solid Waste
Management
Methane emissions
from landfilled
waste
CalRecycle
(jurisdiction-level
data)
None -Population growth
forecasts
(residential)
-Employment
growth forecasts
(non-residential)
Wastewater
Treatment
CH4 and N2O
emissions from the
treatment of
wastewater
-ICLEI Community
Protocol
-Population by city
Population Population growth
factors
Water
Transport,
Distribution,
and Treatment
Indirect electricity
emissions from
water consumption
-Local Urban Water
Management Plans
(UWMPs)
Population Population growth
factors

Inventory Limitations and Recommendations
The subregional inventory captures GHG emissions from operations and activities of the 10 CVAG jurisdictions and serves as a baseline for emission reduction measures and as a starting point for future GHG emissions inventories. Future updates to the GHG emissions inventories presented in this report should be conducted annually to ensure that the inventory remains accurate and that data gaps are resolved in a timely manner. Annual updating also would enable efficient tracking of the effectiveness of any GHG reduction measures put in place to address these emission sources.

Although care was taken to ensure that data sets were as complete and accurate as possible, activities were appropriately attributed to the correct jurisdiction, and assumptions were based on reputable guidance, there are nevertheless a number of inventory limitations that have been identified. These limitations are discussed in the sections that follow.

Data Activity Gaps and Other Limitations
Although considerable efforts were made to obtain activity data from 2023, in some cases these data were unavailable and data from another year were substituted. One example of this limitation is for the agriculture sector, where data for agricultural soils, urea and liming, and cattle population was only available for 2022. As such, input activity data for 2022 was used as a proxy for 2023 data. Additional data gaps and limitations at the sector-level are discussed in this section.

Building Energy
In some cases, data was not available for the building energy sector. Most notably, some electricity and natural consumption data for some jurisdictions were not available because utilities 385

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix C: GHG Quantification Methods CCAP Appendix B C-9 October 31, 2025
in California are subject to privacy rules,0F0F
1 which dictate that the utilities cannot disclose
consumption data if certain criteria are not met.

Very large consumers of energy are one example of a privacy restrictions that the utilities must adhere to, and thus some large consumers of electricity and natural gas could not be included in the utility data. With respect to electricity, datasets for Blythe, Cathedral City, Desert Hot Springs, Palm Desert, Palm Springs, and Rancho Mirage had data that was omitted due to the privacy rules. For a number jurisdictions, were omitted but were aggregated into broader categories to provide more anonymity. For example, if industrial electricity consumption did not meet the privacy criteria, SCE combined the agricultural data with the commercial data and only provided the sum of these categories. For this reason, the non-residential energy emissions in the inventories have been grouped into one category rather than as sub-categories, such as commercial or industrial.

For natural gas, no datasets from Southern California Gas Company had data omitted due to the privacy rules. In one instance, a jurisdiction did not submit its natural gas data; consequently, publicly available data by zip code was utilized. However, it did not contain data for non- residential sectors.

On-Road Transportation
On-road transportation VMT data for passenger vehicles and trucks was readily available. Note that the inventory could be improved with the addition of public transportation (i.e., bus) emissions. However, bus VMT is difficult to track and model given that transit agencies often operate in multiple jurisdictions and attribution of VMT is challenging.

VMT for passenger vehicles and trucks was annualized using a standard factor of 321 days based on seasonality of traffic patterns specific to the CVAG region. The population of the region fluctuates greatly between the summer and winter months and results in swings in vehicle activity. This factor was provided by Fehr & Peers and was the most accurate means of annualizing VMT at the time. However, there may be a more accurate way of measuring and calculating annual VMT by jurisdiction.

Agriculture
The development of the agricultural inventory for the CVAG jurisdictions faced several data activity gaps and methodological limitations, primarily due to the lack of localized agricultural production data. To estimate emissions, a GIS analysis was used to determine the geographic extent of agricultural land within ten city boundaries. This land area was then used as a proxy to scale agricultural activity data from Coachella and Palo Verde Valleys to each city. However,

1 The privacy rules were adopted by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) in the Direct Access Proceeding (CPUC Decision 97-10-031) to protect customer confidentiality. The 15/15 rule requires that any aggregated information provided by the utilities must be made up of at least 15 customers and a single customer’s load must be less than 15% of an assigned category. If the number of customers in the complied data is below 15, or if a single customer’s load is more than 15% of the total data, categories must be combined before the information is released. The rule further requires that if the 15/15 Rule is triggered for a second time after the data have been screened once already using the 15/15 Rule, the customer be dropped from the information provided. 386

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land area is not a perfect proxy for agricultural activity, as production is not uniformly distributed across space. Despite this, it was deemed the most feasible approach in collaboration with local experts. Additionally, livestock population data were only available at the county level, requiring assumptions and expert input to estimate distributions within the CVAG jurisdictions. Fertilizer use, liming, and urea application data were also extrapolated from state-level sources using surrogate indicators like expense trends. Field burning estimates were limited to wheat due to the absence of yield data for other crops. These constraints highlight the need for more granular, city- level agricultural data to improve the accuracy of future inventories.

Water
The water emissions inventory used several assumptions for estimating water and electricity use by jurisdiction. Water and electricity use was extracted from Urban Water Management Plans (UWMPs) by water districts serving the region. The water and electricity data were then apportioned to the cities using jurisdiction population data and water district service population.

In some instances, it was difficult to identify which water districts served each jurisdiction.

Furthermore, the water data originated from a wide range of sources and UWMPs, which may have methodological or reporting differences between them.

Wastewater
Wastewater emissions are estimated using ICLEI’s Community Protocol. The Community Protocol includes a variety of methods based on how much is known about the wastewater system emissions being estimated. Given the large geographic scope of the project, specific wastewater system data was unavailable or unrealistic to obtain. Therefore, the emissions are based on a methodology that used population served as an input. This may have produced estimated with a lower resolution results than if wastewater system-specific information was used.

High Global Warming Potential Gases
Emissions from the use of substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (ODS) (primarily hydrofluorocarbons [HFCs], and perfluorocarbons [PFCs])1F1F 2 were not included in the inventories.

These substances are high GWP gases but are not specifically recommended for quantification in regional inventories. Quantification of these emissions is based on statewide emissions factors, which include a diverse set of possible sources; thus, scaling those statewide-based emissions to the regional- or local-scale likely introduces considerable uncertainty. Additionally, local governments have limited jurisdictional control or influence over these sources of emissions.

Business-as-Usual Forecasts
The BAU emissions forecasts for 2030 and 2045 are based on growth factors that represent the most appropriate data available for each sector. For example, future energy use emissions are estimated based on projected population, employment, and housing growth. Where possible, BAU projections were made using the best available information and estimates provided by

2 Emissions of HFCs and PFCs occur from their use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. These high GWP compounds were phased in as ODS substitutes. The majority of anthropogenic high GWP GHGs are SF6, HFCs, and PFCs.
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jurisdiction staff and experts on individual sectors. For many sectors, the projections of emissions were based on the future population estimates in 2030 and 2045 for the jurisdictions using data provided by RIVCOM or California’s Department of Finance. This method assumes that emissions will remain proportionate to the current population, which may not be the case. For example, per capita energy consumption may change over time as consumer habits and technologies change. For other sectors, rather than population, BAU estimates were made based on employment levels, which requires a similar assumption regarding emissions remaining proportionate to current employment levels.

San Bernardino Council of Governments
Below is a brief summary of the methods used to develop the 2016 GHG inventory for the San Bernardino Council of Governments (SBCOG)/San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA) in the 2021 SBCTA climate action plan (CAP). To read about the methodology in more detail, please reference the 2021 SBCOG/SBCTA CAP and associated appendices.2F2F 3 The 2021 SBCOG/SBCTA CAP developed a GHG emissions inventory for 2016 from the following sources:
• Building energy use (including the subsectors of residential and non-residential) • Light/medium-duty vehicles
• Heavy-duty vehicles
• Off-road equipment
• Agriculture
• Solid waste management
• Wastewater treatment
• Water transport, distribution, and treatment
• Stationary fuel combustion at industrial sources (i.e., stationary sources) SBCOG and its jurisdictions, with the assistance of ICF and LSA, developed 2016 community GHG inventories and forecasted 2030 and 2045 GHG emissions for each jurisdiction. The boundaries of the inventory are defined as activities associated with specific jurisdictions.

Emissions for a particular source were included in a jurisdiction’s inventory if the source of emissions occurs within the geographic boundaries of the jurisdiction, the emissions are associated with land use in the geographic boundary (such as a portion of vehicle emissions that begin or end within the jurisdiction), or if the activity indirectly associated with a source of emissions occurs within the geographic boundaries of the jurisdiction (such as electricity consumption or waste generation).

The 2016 inventories are based mostly on actual 2016 activity data, emission factors from 2016, and socioeconomic data (i.e., population, household, and employment) for the region. The

3 SBCTA. “San Bernardino County Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan.” SBC, March 2021. https://www.gosbcta.com/plan/regional-greenhouse-gas-reduction-plan/. 388

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inventories include all significant contributing sectors to GHG emissions, based on the guidelines of the ICLEI U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (ICLEI–Local Governments for Sustainability USA, 2012). This inventory was developed with sufficient detail to support the identification of GHG-reduction measures specific to each jurisdiction’s community emissions.

Western Riverside Council of Governments
Below is a brief summary of the methods used to develop the 2017 GHG inventory for Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG) member jurisdictions as part of the 2022 WRCOG Subregional Climate Action Plan Update. More detail about the methodology can be found in the 2022 WRCOG Subregional CAP Update and associated appendices.3F3F 4 The 2022 CAP Update included a GHG emissions inventory for 2017 for the following sources:
• Building energy use (including the subsectors of residential and non-residential) • On-road transportation
• Wastewater
• Off-road equipment
• Water consumption
• Public transit
• Solid waste
• Freight rail
• Agriculture
• Stationary sources
The 2017 inventories were compiled following the U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (U.S. Community Protocol) developed by ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability USA (ICLEI).4F4F
5 Business-as-usual forecasts were prepared using a
variety of methods, primarily by using socioeconomic data forecasts to estimate future activity and GHG emissions.

Data sources and methods were presented for the WRCOG Subregional Inventory, which includes regional emissions sources that were not apportioned at the city level (such as agriculture and freight rail), and for the individual city inventories, which include city-specific emissions sectors. Where possible, methodological consistency was maintained between the 2017 inventories described herein and the 2010 baseline inventories (Baseline Inventories) established in the 2014 WRCOG Subregional CAP. However, all emissions calculations for the WRCOG

4 WRCOG, 2022. 2017 WRCOG Subregional Climate Action Plan Update. Available at:
https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/9987/Climate-Action-Plan-Toolkit. 5 ICLEI, 2019. U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Version 1.2. Available at: https://icleiusa.org/us-community-protocol/. 389

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Subregional CAP 2017 inventories were completed in Excel workbooks, while the 2010 baseline emissions were calculated using ICLEI’s Clean Air & Climate Protection Software (CACP).

GHG Reduction Measures Methodology
This section provides an overview of the calculations and assumptions used to quantify the GHG emissions reductions for each of the GHG reduction measures in the CCAP. For each measure, there will be description of the measure, key measure assumptions, and the methods for calculating the anticipated GHG reduction for 2030 and 2045.

As an introduction to the measure details, this section begins with an overview of the general GHG quantification methods by emissions sector.

Overview of GHG Methods
The quantification of GHG reductions was based on guidance provided by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, other reference sources (such as the U.S. EPA), and professional experience obtained from preparing climate action plans for other jurisdictions in California. The majority of calculations were performed using standard factors and reference, rather than performing specific analysis of individual technologies. The following sections provide an overview of general calculation methods by emissions sector.

To avoid double counting emissions savings achieved by state programs, emissions reductions attributed to the candidate measures subtract reductions achieved through the relevant state measures first. Likewise, emissions reductions attributed to certain candidate measures subtract reductions achieved by overlapping local measures. By removing overlapping reductions, one can combine GHG reduction strategies to determine the cumulative effect of several measures without double counting measure effectiveness.

State Measures
The CCAP includes emissions benefits from ten statewide initiatives. These State measures span multiple emission sectors, but are primarily targeted at the building energy and transportation sectors. Emissions reductions achieved by these measures were apportioned to the city-level using statewide estimates of measure effectiveness and sector-specific information. For example, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Senate Bill 350 requires a doubling of energy efficiency savings in the state by 2030. GHG reductions achieved by Senate Bill 350 within the Partnership cities were therefore quantified by determining the electricity and natural gas savings target in 2030 required by each jurisdiction to comply with Senate Bill 350 and applying utility- specific electricity emission factors and natural gas emission factors to each City’s energy savings. It is important to note that while the Partnership jurisdictions will achieve emissions reductions as a result of State programs, implementing State measures does not require local action.
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Regional Measures
The CCAP includes emissions benefits from two regional measures that are focused on the on road transportation and building energy sectors. Specifically, the on road transportation regional measure encourages the expansion of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The building energy measure encourages energy efficiency and electrification of municipal and residential buildings. The methodology and key assumptions for these measures are described in more detail below.

Light Duty Electric Vehicle Infrastructure
Emissions reductions resulting from the expansion of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure are estimated using the following methods and assumptions for Level 2 (7.5 KW) and DC Fast Chargers (DCFC; 150 KW).

To estimate electricity usage from EV chargers, the following formula was used:
(# 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 × # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦)/(𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟) × 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Where:
# of chargers operational per year = variable
# of charging sessions per day = 0.4 for Level 2, 12.0 for DCFC Grid Loss Factor = 0.9
Days per year = 365

Charging session assumptions were developed using data from Electrify America’s Quarterly Reports submitted to the California Air Resources Board (CARB).5F5F 6 These reports include actual
data on statewide chargers, including the sessions per charger per day. The calculation uses the average sessions per day for Statewide Level 2 Chargers and DCFC. The sum of Level 2 and DCFC electricity was then multiplied by the carbon intensity of electricity (expressed in pounds CO2e per MWh) based on the chargers’ operational year, and converted to metric tons. The carbon intensity value uses historical data from EPA’s Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) Tool6F6F
7 to project future year emission factors considering the State’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) requirements for utilities to procure 60 percent renewable energy by 2030 and 100 percent renewable energy by 2045.7F7F 8 For example, electricity generated
by EV chargers in year 2045 or later is assumed to produce zero emissions as the electrical grid is anticipated to be carbon-free.

After estimating electricity usage, the amount of displaced vehicle miles traveled (VMT) was calculated by dividing the total electricity usage by the fuel efficiency of an EV (expressed in

6 CARB, 2023. Electrify America Reports. Available at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/electrify- america-reports.
7 EPA, eGRID. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/egrid. 8 CARB, Renewables Portfolio Standard. Available at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/renewables- portfolio-standard.
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kWh per mile).8F8F
9 The resultant VMT represents the number of miles traveled by EVs that would have otherwise been traveled by internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The VMT was then multiplied by an annual weighted average emission factor (expressed in grams CO2e per mile) derived from EMFAC2021 and converted to metric tons.9F9F 10,
10F10F
11 The net emissions reductions were
then calculated as the difference between the emissions generated from charger electricity consumption and the emissions reductions from displacing ICE vehicles with EVs for each year that EV chargers are active.

The capital, electricity, maintenance, and network costs per EV charger were estimated as part of the measure. Capital, maintenance, and network costs were provided to SBCOG by ChargerHelp! For both Level 2 chargers and DCFCs.11F11F
12 Electricity costs per kWh and charging fees were
estimated using information from CARB.12F12F
13 Energy demand and fixed charges were provided by
the Energy Coalition.13F13F
14 Building Decarbonization
Municipal Buildings
To estimate the potential GHG emission reductions from a municipal building decarbonization program, a representative project was selected for modeling purposes. The representative project is a medium-sized, public service office building located in Riverside (City Hall), and is assumed to have 56,327.50 square feet. The facility has an assumed average annual energy consumption of 608,126.45 kWh and 7,795.83 therms. For purposes of estimating high-level GHG reduction potential across the region, it was assumed that all 54 member agencies in the region implement that project to calculate GHG savings. The following building decarbonization actions are assumed:
• Various energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that save 10 percent of the facility’s annual electric consumption, resulting in 60,819 kWh of electricity savings. • Water heating sources changed from gas to electric via heat pump water heaters (HPWH).

The study assumes the HPWH installation would result in annual natural gas savings of 1,400 therms and, since this is an electrification measure, an increase in annual electricity consumption of 13,000 kWh.
• Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning upgraded with heat pumps that results in annual electricity savings of 30,406 kWh and annual natural gas savings of 234 therms.

9 The fuel efficiency of EVs were calculated by running EMFAC2021 in Emissions Inventory mode and dividing the energy consumption of passenger EVs by their total VMT. EMFAC2021 assumes that the fuel efficiency of passenger EVs does not increase over time.
10 CARB, EMFAC2021. Available at: https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions-inventory. 11 The emission factors include all passenger vehicles (EMFAC vehicle types LDA, LDT1, LDT2, MCY, and MDV) within San Bernadino and Riverside Counties for each year from 2020 through 2045. EMFAC2021’s latest project year is 2045, therefore emission factors for years after 2045 are assumed to be the same as 2045. 12 ChargerHelp! Correspondence with Josh Lee, SBCOG on February 15, 2024. 13 CARB, Electric Car Charging Overview. Available at: https://driveclean.ca.gov/electric-car-charging. 14 The Energy Coalition, 2024. Inland Empire Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Deployment Proposed Program Guide.
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• Rooftop solar installation plus battery storage right-sized after EEMs installed. The study assumes 725 kW of solar PV installed and a battery power of 67 kW with a capacity of 305 kWh.

Table C-3
Results for One Representative Decarbonization Project
Project Components Project Cost
Project Lifetime GHG
Reduction (MTCO2e)
Energy Efficiency Upgrades $83,455 290
Heat Pump Water Heater Installation $30,000 18
Heat Pump HVAC Installation $449,015 216
Solar PV and Battery Storage
Installation
$1,496,778 3,937
Total $2,059,248 4,461
NOTES:
- Energy Efficiency, Heat Pump Water Heater and Heat Pump HVAC Emissions Factors: Greenhouse Gases Equivalencies Calculator - Calculations and References | US EPA - Renewable Energy Emissions Factors: REopt Web Tool | REopt Energy Integration & Optimization | NREL

Estimated GHG savings associated with energy efficiency, decarbonization, and renewable energy were calculated using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) Renewable Energy Integration & Optimization (REopt®) toolbase. The REopt® platform helps optimize planning of generation, storage, and controllable loads to maximize the value and GHG reductions of integrated distributed energy systems for buildings.

Monthly energy consumption and associated cost data was used to calculate the average energy consumption, costs, and rates for the representative project. Additionally, facility characteristics were incorporated, such as gross floor area (sq.ft.), building use type, and average annual energy consumption for public agencies available in ENERGY STAR® Portfolio Manager® (ESPM) accounts shared by participating agencies and utilized similar publicly available facility characteristics available on the California Energy Commission’s AB 802 Public Disclosure Dashboard.

Residential Buildings
The residential sector decarbonization measures were identified based on the CEC’s upcoming Equitable Building Decarbonization (EBD) Direct Install Program, and complemented by regional stakeholder input on additional measures appropriate for the region (e.g., solar PV and storage).

The representative project assumed $50 million in funding from the EBD program and considered additional local, state, and rate payer rebate and incentive programs. After applying eligible incentive programs, the EBD funding was allocated to three different building types (single- 393

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family, multifamily, and manufactured) by a percentage (85 percent 10 percent, and 5 percent, respectively). The EBD program with complementary state, local, and rate payer incentive programs has the potential to reach over 2,200 homes or units throughout the region.

The GHG reduction potential of the direct install program was estimated by building type. To calculate the GHG emissions reductions of the direct install program, the energy efficiency or fuel switching measures’ kWh or therm savings were obtained from theC (CAeTRM) for the three building types (single-family, multifamily, and manufactured). The projected kWh and therm savings are listed by measure and home type in the tables below.

Table C-4
Single-Family Home
Measure (Unit) kWh Savings Therm Savings
Typical
Home
Quantities
HPWH (each) -1362 197.2 1
Air Source Heat Pump – Ducted (Per Ton) -106.8 28.08 2.5 Electric/Induction Cooktop (Each) -172 11.5 1
Electric Dryer (Each) -270 17.8 1
Smart Thermostat (Household) 89.8 0 1
Weatherization and Insulation (Sq. Ft.) 0.8 0.04 1,500
Low Flow Showerhead (Each) 124 0 2
Low Flow Faucet (Each) 96.7 0 3

Table C-5
Multifamily Home
Measure (Unit) kWh Savings Therm Savings
Typical
Home
Quantities
HPWH (each) -1112 174.4 1
Air Source Heat Pump – Ducted (Per Ton) 42.2 22.74 2.5
Electric/Induction Cooktop (Each) -172 11.5 1
Electric Dryer (Each) -1657 69.4 1
Smart Thermostat (Household) 85.1 0 1
Weatherization and Insulation (Sq. Ft.) 0.96 0.06 1,500 Low Flow Showerhead (Each) 138.5 0 2
Low Flow Faucet (Each) 80.5 0 3

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Table C-6
Manufactured Homes
Measure (Unit) kWh Savings Therm Savings
Typical
Home
Quantities
HPWH (each) -1236 183 1
Air Source Heat Pump – Ducted (Per Ton) 52.9 25.4 2.5
Electric/Induction Cooktop (Each) -172 11.5 1
Electric Dryer (Each) -270 17.8 1
Smart Thermostat (Household) 92.7 0 1
Weatherization and Insulation (Sq. Ft.) 1.32 0.063 1,500 Low Flow Showerhead (Each) 138.5 0 2
Low Flow Faucet (Each) 80.5 0 3
To calculate the GHG emissions reduction for a typical single-family, multifamily, and manufactured home, the kWh and therm savings for each measure were converted to metric tons (MT) of CO2 using conversion factors from Southern California Edison (1 kWh=0.000232 MTCO2; 1 therm=0.005321 MTCO2). To estimate the average annual GHG reduction by home type, the GHG equivalents of kWh and therm savings were multiplied by the typical home quantities of the unit of each measure. Finally, the GHG reduction estimate was multiplied by the assumed number of homes and/or units reached under the project.

Local Measures
This section describes the methods and assumptions used for local GHG reduction measures for CVAG by emissions sector. SBCOG's GHG reduction measure quantification methodology for local measures is in its 2021 Reduction Plan, and WRCOG's is in the 2019 Climate Action Plan.

Building Energy
Energy-1: Building Electrification
Measure Description
Adopt building electrification targets and incentives for new commercial and residential buildings and retrofits.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will incentivize the electrification of existing and new residential and commercial buildings. To calculate the reductions from electrification, the following assumptions were used:
o The participation rate applies to the total natural gas consumption for existing and new residential and commercial buildings. For example, for a participation rate of 25% for new commercial buildings, 25% of natural gas consumption within a city associated with new commercial buildings will be converted to electricity.
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Energy-1: Building Electrification
o No increase in energy intensity from switching from natural gas to electricity; energy use can be converted from therms and kWh to btu to calculate electricity use replacing natural gas use.

GHG Analysis
BAU Energy Use
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing residential and commercial buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions achieved by overlapping State measures were first removed to obtain energy consumption after the implementation of state measures.

Energy consumption for new buildings was estimated by subtracting the energy consumption associated with existing residential and commercial facilities in 2023 from projected energy consumption in 2030 and 2045.

Natural gas consumption reductions were then estimated by multiplying the existing and new building natural gas consumption by the penetration rates determined by participating jurisdictions. Increased electricity used to offset the reductions in natural gas consumption were estimated by converting the natural gas consumption reductions to btu, then to kWh.

GHG emissions reductions were quantified by multiplying the natural gas consumption reductions (and electricity use increases) for each building type by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Energy-2: LED Bulbs and Fixtures
Measure Description
Replace interior and exterior incandescent, compact fluorescent, halogen, and T12 linear fluorescent bulbs.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will incentivize the replacement of interior and exterior incandescent, compact fluorescent, halogen, and T12 linear fluorescent bulbs for more energy efficient LED bulbs. To calculate the reductions from electrification, the following assumptions were used:
o Lighting is 6% of residential electricity use and 10% of commercial electricity use (US EIA, 2022c) (US EIA, 2022b)
o California households using 50% or more LED bulbs in 2020 is 60% (US EIA, 2022c) . Beginning in 2025, California will eliminate the sale of most incandescent, halogen, and fluorescent products. It is assumed that in 2030 and 2045 the percentage of households with 50% or more LED indoor bulbs will be 95% and 99% respectively.
o Commercial properties using 50% or more LED bulbs in 2018 were 44% (US EIA, 2022b). Beginning in 2025, California will eliminate the sale of most incandescent, halogen, and fluorescent products. It is assumed that in 2030 and 2045 the percentage of commercial buildings with 50% or more LED indoor bulbs will be 85% and 95% respectively.
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Energy-2: LED Bulbs and Fixtures
o It is estimated that LED lights have a 75% electricity savings per light (DOE, n.d.).

GHG Analysis
BAU Energy Use
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing residential and commercial buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions achieved by overlapping State measures were first removed to obtain energy consumption after the implementation of state measures.

Energy consumption attributed to LED and non-LED lighting was calculated by multiplying the assumed LED use rate and efficiency by total lighting energy use. This result was then subtracted from the total lighting energy use to determine the non-LED lighting total.

GHG emissions reductions were quantified by multiplying the energy use of lighting for each building type by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Energy-3: Smart Thermostat
Measure Description
Install occupant controlled smart thermostats for buildings with central heating and cooling systems.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will incentivize the installation of smart thermostats in existing and new residential and commercial buildings. To calculate the reductions from electrification, the following assumptions were used:
o The average kWh savings for residential buildings is 87.5 per smart thermostat installed (California Electric Technical Reference Manual [CAeTRM], n.d.). o The average kWh savings for commercial buildings is 89.9 per smart thermostat installed (CAeTRM, n.d.)
o The average therm savings per smart thermostat is 8% (ENERGY STAR, n.d.- c).
o Assumed that 75% of homes did not have smart thermostats (CPUC, 2024). o Assumes that 30% of homes will participate in 2030 and 10% will participate in 2045.

GHG Analysis
BAU Energy Use
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing residential and commercial buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
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Energy-3: Smart Thermostat
Energy consumption for buildings without smart thermostats was determined to then attribute the percent of building energy consumption from heating and cooling systems.

Energy consumption reductions (natural gas and electricity) were then estimated by multiplying the participating existing and new buildings without smart thermostats by the kWh savings and therm savings per smart thermostat installed.

GHG emissions reductions were quantified by multiplying the energy consumption reductions for each building type by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Energy-4: Appliance Electrification Upgrades
Measure Description
Replace and install inefficient electric appliances with Energy Star appliances.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will encourage the replacement of inefficient electric appliance with Energy Star Appliances in existing and in existing and new residential and commercial buildings. To calculate the reductions from appliance upgrades the following assumptions were used:
o There is approximately 1 unit of the following appliances per household:
▪ Refrigerator
• Uses 15% of single-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Uses 23% of multi-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Energy Star refrigerators have a 9% efficiency rate
(CalEEMod, n.d.)
▪ Washing Machine
• Uses 1% of single-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Uses 0.8% of multi-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Energy Star washing machines have a 25% efficiency rate (CalEEMod, n.d.)
▪ Dishwasher
• Uses 1% of single-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Uses 0.8% of multi-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Energy Star dishwashers have a 12% efficiency rate
(CalEEMod, n.d.)
▪ Ceiling Fan
• Uses 1.1% of single-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Uses 1.8% of multi-family home electricity (CalEEMod, n.d.) • Energy Star ceiling fans have a 60% efficiency rate
(CalEEMod, n.d.)
o 15% of single family and multi-family homes will participate in 2030 o 25% of single family and multi-family homes will participate in 2045

GHG Analysis
BAU Energy Use
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Energy-4: Appliance Electrification Upgrades
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions achieved by overlapping State measures were first removed to obtain energy consumption after the implementation of state measures.

Energy consumption of inefficient appliances were then estimated based on the assumption of the number of inefficient appliances in residential buildings.

Energy savings were calculated and GHG emissions reductions were quantified by multiplying energy consumption reductions for residential homes by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Energy-5: Solar Window Film
Measure Description
Install solar window film certified by the National Fenestration Rating Council on single and multifamily homes and commercial buildings.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will encourage the use of solar window film in existing and in existing and new residential and commercial buildings. To calculate the reductions from solar window film the following assumptions were used:
o Solar window film will result in a 30 percent reduction in cooling costs (International Window Film Association, 2014).
o 72% of single-family homes have AC (EIA, 2022)
o The average energy consumption of AC per household is 13% (California Energy Commission, 2021)
o 75% of multifamily homes have AC (EIA, 2022a)
o 76% of commercial buildings have AC (EIA, 2022b)
o The average energy consumption of AC in commercial buildings is 10% (EIA, 2018)
o 15% of all residential homes and commercial buildings will participate in this measure in 2030
o 25% of all residential homes and commercial buildings will participate in this measure in 2045
GHG Analysis
BAU Energy Use
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions achieved by overlapping State measures were first removed to obtain energy consumption after the implementation of state measures.

The amount of energy used for cooling buildings was determined. The penetration rate was then applied to estimate energy savings for single-family, multi-family, and commercial buildings.

Energy savings were multiplied by the appropriate utility emission factors for each building type to determine GHG emissions reductions.
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Energy-6: Cool Roofs
Measure Description
Install and retrofit roofs with cool roofs to reduce urban heat island effects and lower energy consumption.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will encourage retrofitting roofs with cool roofs in existing and in existing and new residential and commercial buildings. To calculate the reductions from cool roofs the following assumptions were used:
o Average roof space per multifamily home: 86,667 sq.ft. (WRCOG, 2019) o Average roof space of single-family homes: 1,350 sq.ft. (WRCOG, 2019) o Average roof space for commercial buildings: 21,602 sq. ft. (WRCOG, 2019) o 95% of roof space will be modified to a cool roof
o Energy savings were estimated using the Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory Cool Surfaces Savings Tool
o 15% of residential and commercial buildings participate in 2030 o 35% of residential and commercial buildings participate in 2045

GHG Analysis
BAU Energy Use
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions achieved by overlapping State measures were first removed to obtain energy consumption after the implementation of state measures.

Multiplying the area of sq. ft. of cool roof installed on residential and commercial buildings by the electricity and gas heating savings provided by the LBNL Cool Surfaces Savings Tool.

Energy savings were multiplied by the appropriate utility emission factors for each building type to determine GHG emissions reductions.

Energy-7: Roofline Insulation and Attic Encapsulation
Measure Description
Insulate roof rafters to improve energy efficiency in existing homes.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will support roofline insulation and attic encapsulation in existing single-family homes. To calculate the reductions from roofline insulation and attic encapsulation the following assumptions were used:
o 78% of existing homes have inadequate insulation (Insulation Institute, 2024) o 14% energy savings from insulation (Energy Star, n.d.) o 10% of single-family homes participate in 2030
o 20% of single-family homes participate in 2045

GHG Analysis
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Energy-7: Roofline Insulation and Attic Encapsulation
BAU Energy Use
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions achieved by overlapping State measures were first removed to obtain energy consumption after the implementation of state measures.

Determine the number of homes without roofline insulation and calculate the total energy savings (kWh and therms) with roofline insulation.

Energy savings were multiplied by the appropriate utility emission factors for each building type to determine GHG emissions reductions.

Energy-8: HVAC Maintenance Program
Measure Description
Create an HVAC tune-up program to ensure that HVAC systems are operating at their maximum efficiency level.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Participating jurisdictions will support HVAC maintenance programs for existing and new residential and commercial buildings. To calculate the reductions from roofline insulation and attic encapsulation the following assumptions were used:
o There are estimates that HVAC tune-ups can improve system efficiency by up to 15% (Energy Star, n.d.)

GHG Analysis
BAU Energy Use
The GHG inventory quantified energy consumption associated with existing buildings in 2023.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions achieved by overlapping State measures were first removed to obtain energy consumption after the implementation of state measures.

By determining the amount of energy consumption used by residential and HVAC systems, the resulting number was multiplied by the participation rate and energy savings rate for electricity and natural gas.

Energy savings were then multiplied by the appropriate utility emission factors for each building type to determine GHG emissions reductions.

Energy-9: Solar Installations for New Commercial and Industrial Development Measure Description
Establish a goal for solar installations on new commercial and industrial development.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• This measure only affects new nonresidential buildings built after 2023 • Jurisdictions participating in this measure will encourage 15% of new development energy requirements to be supplied with on or off-site renewable power by 2030, and 30% by 2045
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Energy-9: Solar Installations for New Commercial and Industrial Development • The energy generated by solar PV is carbon neutral
• Annual kWh generation of solar systems for 3, 5, and 10 kW systems for the Mojave and South Coast from CAPCOA were used.
• The amount of electricity generated by the panels will offset the electricity provided by the utilities.

GHG Analysis
Utilizing electricity generated by solar PV panels displaces electricity demand that would ordinarily be provided by the utilities. Although SCE purchases a substantial amount of energy from renewable sources, electricity supplied by SCE still represents a source of indirect GHG emissions. Carbon neutral sources, such as solar, do not emit GHGs.

BAU Electricity Emissions
The GHG Inventory quantified electricity emissions associated with existing commercial facilities in 2016. The 2016 values were projected to 2030 using employment data in order to determine electricity use and emissions for all new commercial buildings built from 2017 to 2030.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions associated with other state and local measures were subtracted from the energy used by all new nonresidential buildings built from 2023 to 2030 and 2023 to 2045.

This was done in order to determine the energy used by new buildings after the implementation of preceding measures, before installation of solar PV.

The remaining quantity of electricity used by new nonresidential buildings was then multiplied by the percent energy requirements for new development supplied with solar power penetration rate, as determined by the participating jurisdictions.

The resulting number of kWh was assumed to be provided by solar PV under this strategy. The amount of solar PV in kW was then determined by dividing this kWh figure by 1,678 kWh per kW of solar PV (CAPCOA, 2019).

Carbon neutral sources do not emit GHGs. The kWh affected by this measure would result in a 100% reduction in emissions, relative to BAU conditions.

GHG emissions reductions achieved by this strategy were quantified by multiplying the resulting solar electricity production for each city by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Energy-10: On-Site Solar Energy for New and Existing Warehouse Space Measure Description
Promote and incentivize solar installations in new and existing warehouse spaces.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• The energy generated by PV is carbon neutral
• Jurisdictions participating in this measure will reach a 40% warehouse roof PV installation goal in 2030.
• Annual kWh generation of solar systems for 3, 5, and 10 kW systems for the Mojave and South Coast from CAPCOA were used.
• The amount of electricity generated by the panels will offset the electricity provided by the utilities.
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Energy-10: On-Site Solar Energy for New and Existing Warehouse Space GHG Analysis
Utilizing electricity generated by solar PV panels displaces electricity demand that would ordinarily be provided by the utilities. Although SCE purchases a substantial amount of energy from renewable sources, electricity supplied by SCE still represents a source of indirect GHG emissions. Carbon neutral sources, such solar, do not emit GHGs (California Air Pollution Control Officers Association, 2024).

Emissions Reductions
The total amount of warehouse building square footage in each Partnership jurisdiction was multiplied by the penetration rate to determine the total square footage of warehouses installing solar under this measure. The participating square footage was then multiplied by 15 watts per square foot of solar PV to determine the total power output in kW of solar (BEST Contracting Services, 2010). The kW value was then multiplied by the average kWh per kW of solar PV to determine the total annual kWh of electricity produced by the panels (CAPCOA, 2024).

Carbon neutral sources do not emit GHGs. The kWh affected by this measure would therefore result in a 100% reduction in emissions, relative to BAU conditions. GHG emissions reductions achieved by this strategy were quantified by multiplying the resulting solar electricity production for each city by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Energy-11: Solar Installations for Existing Homes
Measure Description
Increase solar installations on existing single-family homes.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• This measure only affects existing single-family homes (those built before 2023). • The energy generated by solar PV is carbon neutral. Annual kWh generation of solar systems for 3, 5, and 10 kW systems for the Mojave and South Coast from CAPCOA were used.
• The amount of electricity generated by the panels will offset the electricity provided by the utilities.

GHG Analysis
Utilizing electricity generated by solar photovoltaic panels displaces electricity demand that would ordinarily be provided by the utilities. Although SCE purchases a substantial amount of energy from renewable sources, electricity supplied by SCE still represents a source of indirect GHG emissions. Carbon neutral sources, such solar, do not emit GHGs.

Emissions Reductions
The number of single-family homes in each city in 2023 (those that are considered existing) was multiplied by the percent penetration rate as specified by each city to determine the number of new homes installing solar PV. This number was then multiplied by average annual generation, which is the annual amount of electricity provided by the average solar system in the county (CAPCOA, 2019). This determines the total amount of renewable energy provided by the panels and offset from the utilities.

Carbon neutral sources do not emit GHGs. The kWh affected by this measure would therefore result in a 100% reduction in emissions, relative to BAU conditions. GHG emissions 403

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Energy-11: Solar Installations for Existing Homes
reductions achieved by this strategy were quantified by multiplying the resulting solar electricity production for each city by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Energy-12: Solar Installations for Existing Commercial and Industrial Buildings Measure Description
Establish a goal for solar installations on existing commercial and industrial buildings.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• This measure only affects existing commercial and industrial buildings (those built before 2023).
• The energy generated by solar PV is carbon neutral. Annual kWh generation of solar systems for 3, 5, and 10 kW systems for the Mojave and South Coast from CAPCOA were used.

The amount of electricity generated by the panels will offset electricity provided by the utilities.

BAU Electricity Emissions
The GHG Inventory quantified electricity emissions associated with existing commercial facilities in 2023. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 using employment data in order to determine electricity use and emissions for all existing commercial buildings built before 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
Energy reductions associated with other state and local measures were subtracted from the energy used by all existing nonresidential buildings built before 2016. This was done in order to determine the energy used by existing non-residential buildings after the implementation of preceding measures, before installation of solar PV.

The remaining quantity of electricity used by existing nonresidential buildings was then multiplied by the percent of existing commercial/industrial buildings that will install solar power under this measure, as determined by the participating cities. This new kWh value was then multiplied by 15%, which is the amount of each existing building’s energy demand that will be supplied by the solar PV panels.

On-Road Transportation
On-road transportation measures were divided into tiers 1, 2, and 3 to reflect different categories of mitigation measures. Tier 1 represents measures regarding general land use and infrastructure improvements. Tier 1 measures are focused on longer-term changes that build the physical 404

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framework for long-term mode shift. Tier 2 represents more focused measures aimed at commute trip reduction and public transit improvements. Tier 2 measures are the most immediate and scalable VMT reduction measures that alter how people travel and commute to work. Tier 3 represents measures aimed at pricing tools and incentives. Tier 3 measures offer targeted incentives and tools where travel alternatives are already implemented. These tiers are additive to each other – Tiers 2 and 3 measures are chosen by jurisdictions to be implemented additional to Tier 1 measures.

All VMT reductions for each tier were calculated using a mathematical procedure called multiplicative dampening, which combines VMT reduction effects from multiple measures. Each consecutive measure’s percent reduction is applied to VMT remaining after the last measure to avoid the overestimation of reductions when multiple measures are implemented.

Tier 1 On-Road 3: Light Duty Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Measure Description
This measure supports the regional uptake of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) through expansion of supporting infrastructure, including EV charging and hydrogen refueling stations.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Assumed to be included under State measures, specifically AB 1493 (Pavley I and II) and Advanced Clean Cars II
• Assumes State regulatory actions are locally implemented by target dates GHG Analysis
Quantified as a State measure using forecasted vehicle VMT and fuel mix data obtained from CARB and adjusting EMFAC outputs with correction factors. The correction factors capture the increase in electric vehicle adoption through Advanced Clean Cars II and are reflected in annual weighted average emission factor (expressed in grams CO2e per mile) originally derived from EMFAC2021.

Tier 1 On-Road 4: Pedestrian Infrastructure Improvements Measure Description
Fill gaps (sidewalk construction, crosswalks, curb ramps, etc.) identified in pedestrian network equaling to 1% of total street network length
Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• A -0.05 elasticity of VMT with respect to the ratio of sidewalks to streets from CAPCOA was used.
• Assumes that all participating jurisdictions have at least 1% of street network not covered by sidewalk and will improve at least 1%.

GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
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The GHG Inventory quantified on-road emissions associated in 2023 using RIVCOM VMT for passenger vehicles and trucks. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 to quantify emissions associated with on-road transportation for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
VMT reductions resulting from pedestrian infrastructure improvements were estimated by pulling street network miles per jurisdiction according to centerline data. Street network miles per jurisdiction were multiplied by 1% to determine assumed pedestrian improvement length.

Assumed pedestrian improvement length was divided by street network miles per jurisdiction and multiplied by VMT and elasticity of VMT with respect to sidewalk to street ratio to estimate VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024). VMT reductions were then multiplied by an annual weighted average emission factor (expressed in grams CO2e per mile) derived from EMFAC2021 and converted to metric tons to estimate the GHG emissions reductions.

Tier 1 On-Road 5: Bicycle and Micromobility Infrastructure Improvements Measure Description
Complete construction of 50% of the participating jurisdictions Active Transportation Plan planned bikeway network. Implement e-bikeshare or scootershare program where 5% of residents in participating jurisdictions have access.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Assumes bicycle and vehicle mode share per jurisdiction based on 2023 ACS data • This measure does not account for indirect emissions from charging e-bikes or scooters • This measure does not account for emissions from vehicle travel of employees picking up and dropping off e-bikes or scooters
• Assumes that there is currently no e-bikeshare or scootershare implemented in CVAG • From CAPCOA, 2024:
• Assumes an average one-way bicycle trip length of 2.2 miles and one-way e- bikeshare trip of 2.1 miles
• Assumes an average one-way vehicle trip length of 11.7 miles • A 0.25 elasticity of bike commuters with respect to bikeway miles per 10,000 population was used
• Assumes 0.021 daily e-bikeshare trips per person
• Assumes 2.7 daily vehicle trips per person
• Assumes 38.5% vehicle to e-bikeshare substitution rate and 38.5% vehicle to scootershare substitution rate
GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified on-road emissions associated in 2023 using RIVCOM VMT for passenger vehicles and trucks. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 to quantify emissions associated with on-road transportation for 2030 and 2045. 406

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Emissions Reductions
VMT reductions as a result of expanding bikeway miles were estimated by using the existing and planned bikeway length detailed in the CVAG ATP. The percent increase in bikeway miles under the assumption of 50% completion was multiplied by bicycle-commute elasticity, bicycle mode share, and average one-way bicycle trip length, and divided by vehicle mode share and average vehicle one-way trip length to determine percent reduction in VMT (CAPCOA, 2024). This value was multiplied by VMT to estimate VMT reduction.

VMT reductions as a result of implementing e-bikeshare or scootershare programs were estimated assuming 0% access to such programs increased to 5%, The difference in access was multiplied by daily e-bikeshare trips per person, the vehicle-trip substitution rate, and average e-bikeshare one-way trip length, then divided by daily vehicle trips per person and average one-way vehicle trip length to determine percent reduction in VMT (CAPCOA, 2024). This value was multiplied by VMT to estimate VMT reduction.

VMT reductions were then multiplied by an annual weighted average emission factor (expressed in grams CO2e per mile) derived from EMFAC2021 and converted to metric tons to estimate the GHG emissions reductions.

Tier 2 On-Road 7: Increase Transit Service and Frequency Measure Description
Increase transit network coverage by 20% in participating jurisdictions. Implement a 20% increase in transit service frequency on all routes in participating jurisdictions.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• From CAPCOA, 2024:
• Assumes a 1.37% of transit mode share
• A 0.7 elasticity of transit with respect to service miles was used • A 0.5 elasticity of transit ridership with respect to frequency was used • Assumes a 57.8% statewide mode shift factor
• Assumes a 96.9% auto mode share
GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified on-road emissions associated in 2023 using RIVCOM VMT for passenger vehicles and trucks. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 to quantify emissions associated with on-road transportation for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
VMT reductions resulting from expanding transit network coverage were estimated by pulling existing transit service mile data and assuming a 20% percent increase in service miles. The percent increase was multiplied by transit mode share, elasticity of transit demand to service, statewide mode-shift factor, and VMT to derive VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024). 407

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VMT reductions resulting from increasing transit service frequency were estimated by assuming a 20% percent increase in transit frequency on all routes. The percent increase was multiplied by transit mode share, elasticity of ridership to frequency, and statewide mode-shift factor, then divided by vehicle mode share and multiplied by VMT to estimate VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024).

Tier 2 On-Road 8: Transit-Oriented Development
Measure Description
Ensure that 30% of new developments are within ½ mile of transit facilities.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Assumes that 30% of new residents will be in a transit-oriented development • From CAPCOA, 2024:
• Assumes a 1.37% of transit mode share
• Assumes a 4.9 ratio of transit mode share in transit-oriented development areas compared to existing transit mode share elsewhere
• Assumes a 96.9% auto mode share
GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified on-road emissions associated in 2023 using RIVCOM VMT for passenger vehicles and trucks. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 to quantify emissions associated with on-road transportation for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
VMT reductions resulting from transit-oriented development were estimated by taking transit mode share, multiplying by the 4.9 transit-oriented development uplift factor to approximate transit share, then dividing by auto mode share to determine percent VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024). The percent VMT reduction was then multiplied by VMT per service population and 30% of projected new residents to determine VMT reduction. VMT reductions were then multiplied by an annual weighted average emission factor (expressed in grams CO2e per mile) derived from EMFAC2021 and converted to metric tons to estimate the GHG emissions reductions.

Tier 2 On-Road 9: Transportation Demand Management
Measure Description
Provide voluntary commute trip reduction programs, commute trip reduction marketing, rideshare programs, and subsidized transit passes to 10% of employees in participating 408

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jurisdictions. Provide mandatory commute trip reduction programs for 5% of employees in participating jurisdictions. Provide enhanced end-of-trip bicycle facilities at all new workplaces. Aim for 0.5% of employees in participating jurisdictions to utilize a vanshare program. Deploy a carshare fleet allocating one car per 150 households and employees.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Assumes bicycle and vehicle commute mode share per jurisdiction based on 2023 ACS data
• Assumes 10% of employees will receive free transit passes • From CAPCOA, 2024:
• Assumes a 4% reduction in commute VMT from employees eligible for voluntary commute trip reduction programs, commute trip reduction marketing, and rideshare programs
• Assumes a 26% reduction in vehicle mode share of employee commute trips for those in mandatory commute trip reduction programs
• Assumes an average one-way vehicle commute trip of 18.6 miles and 42 miles for one-way vanpool commute trips
• Assumes an average vanpool occupancy of 6.25 occupants • Assumes an average emission factor of employee vehicle of 307.5 g CO2e per mile and 763.5 g CO2e per mile for vanpools
• Assumes a transit mode share of 1.12%
• A -0.43 elasticity of transit boardings with respect to fare price is used • Assumes 50% of projected new commute transit trips would otherwise be made in a personal vehicle
• Assumes a 4.86 bike mode adjustment factor
• Assumes average one-way bicycle trip length of 2.2 miles and average one- way vehicle trip length of 11.7 miles
• Assumed 68.2 VMT per day per vehicle avoided with a carshare program • Assumed 24.4 VMT per day per vehicle added with a carshare program GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified on-road emissions associated in 2023 using RIVCOM VMT for passenger vehicles and trucks. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 to quantify emissions associated with on-road transportation for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
VMT reductions are combined multiplicatively, with each measure applying to remaining VMT after previous strategies to avoid double counting and reflecting diminishing returns.

Because the aggregate reductions from voluntary and mandatory commute trip reduction programs are already credited to underlying measures of commute trip reduction marketing, rideshare, subsidized transit, and vanpool programs, the standalone reductions from voluntary and mandatory commute trip reduction programs were set to zero. 409

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VMT reductions resulting from commute trip reduction and rideshare programs were estimated by assuming 10% of employees in participating jurisdiction will be eligible and multiplying by VMT and a 4% reduction in commute VMT from eligible employees (CAPCOA, 2024).

VMT reductions resulting from subsidized transit programs were estimated by assuming a 100% fare reduction and multiplying by elasticity of transit boardings with respect to price to estimate added transit use. This change was scaled by the 10% of eligible employees, transit mode share, and the share of new commute transit trips, then multiplied by VMT to estimate VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024).

VMT reductions resulting from enhanced end-of-trip facilities were estimated by applying the bike mode adjustment factor to bicycle commute share to estimate bike share change. The change was converted to displaced vehicle VMT by multiplying by average bicycle trip length and dividing by vehicle trip length and vehicle commute share to determine a percent VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024). The percent VMT reduction was converted to VMT reduction by multiplying by VMT and share of new workers compared to total workers to reflect implementation at new workplaces.

VMT reductions resulting from vanpool were estimated by assuming a goal of 0.5% participation rate of employees. The goal participation rate was used in conjunction with average commute lengths, vanpool occupancy, and emission factors to calculate per employee emissions. Per employee emissions were calculated by treating non-participants as driving their auto commute with the auto emission factor and participants with the vanpool emission factor split equally amongst the assumed occupancy. This was compared against a baseline in which all employees drive along with the auto emission factor, and the difference as a percent is used to derive a percent VMT reduction, which is then multiplied by VMT to estimate VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024).

VMT reductions resulting from carshare fleet implementation were estimated by multiplying the number of carshare vehicles by the net change in conventional VMT per vehicle and divided by baseline VMT, then multiplied by VMT to estimate VMT reduction (CAPCOA, 2024). VMT reductions were then multiplied by an annual weighted average emission factor (expressed in grams CO2e per mile) derived from EMFAC2021 and converted to metric tons to estimate the GHG emissions reductions.

Tier 3 On-Road 10: Parking Pricing and Limited Requirements Measure Description
Provide employee parking cash-out for 10% of employees in participating jurisdictions.

Implement community-based travel planning programs targeting 20% of residences in participating jurisdictions. Price on-street parking at high-demand or downtown areas in participating jurisdictions. Construct park-and-ride lots.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
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• Assumes $1 per hour parking price in areas with priced on-street parking • Assumes 50% of parking will be at priced on-street spots with priced on-street parking • Assumes 90% occupancy of park-and-ride lots.
• Assumes average Sunline trip length stays at 7.3 miles and average distance to bus stop for drivers stays at 4.4 miles
• Assumes average vehicle occupancy stays at 1.5 persons per car • From CAPCOA, 2024:
• Assumes a 12% reduction in employee commute VMT from implementation of employee parking cash-out.
• Assumes 19% of targeting residences will participate in community-based travel planning programs
• Assumes 12% vehicle trip reduction of residences participating in community- based travel planning programs
• A -0.4 elasticity of parking demand with respect to price is used GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified on-road emissions associated in 2023 using RIVCOM VMT for passenger vehicles and trucks. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 to quantify emissions associated with on-road transportation for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
VMT reductions resulting from implementing employee parking cash-out were estimated by assuming 10% employee eligibility and multiplying by VMT and percent reduction in employee commute VMT from parking cash-out (CAPCOA, 2024).

VMT reductions resulting from community-based travel planning were estimated by multiplying the share of residences targeted by the assumed participation rate, percent vehicle trip reduction of participating residences, and VMT (CAPCOA, 2024).

VMT reductions resulting from pricing on-street parking were estimated by multiplying the share of downtown VMT compared to total jurisdiction VMT by the percent increase in on- street parking price (capped at 100%), share of trips that park on-street, price elasticity of parking demand, and VMT (CAPCOA, 2024).

VMT reductions resulting from park-and-ride lot construction assumes that a park-and-ride lot with 1 space per 150 households in participating jurisdictions. This supply is multiplied by the assumed 90% parking occupancy and divided by average vehicle occupancy to estimate the usage by number of people. VMT reduction is estimated by multiplying the usage by the difference between average Sunline trip length and distance to bus stop, then multiplied by two to represent to-and-from trips.

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Off-Road Transportation
Off-Road-1: Electrify Construction Equipment
Measure Description
Electrify 25/50/75% of construction equipment (less than or equal to 120 hp) by 2030 Implementation Levels:

Low: 25%
Medium: 50%
High: 75%
Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Equipment over 120 hp are not considered
• Fossil fueled vehicles are replaced by electric-powered alternatives GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified off-road emissions associated with 2023. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 using CARB’s OFFROAD model and employment data in order to determine the fuel consumption and emissions associated with off-road equipment for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
Off-road construction equipment emissions reductions were estimated by multiplying the diesel and gasoline fuel consumption for equipment less than or equal to 120 horsepower by the implementation level percentage chosen by each jurisdiction. The resultant reduction in fuel consumption was then multiplied by the appropriate emission factor to estimate GHG reductions. The fuel consumption reduction was assumed to be replaced by electric-powered equipment and was converted to electricity using a conversion factor. The resultant increase in electricity use was then multiplied by the applicable emission factor to estimate the GHG emissions resulting from electrified equipment. The electric-powered equipment reductions were subtracted from the GHG emissions reductions associated with the fuel switch from diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment to estimate the net GHG emissions reductions.

Off-Road-2: Electrify Lawn and Garden Equipment
Measure Description
Electrify 60/70/80% of construction equipment (less than or equal to 120 hp) by 2030 Implementation Levels:

Low: 60%
Medium: 70%
High: 80%
Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Fossil fueled vehicles are replaced by electric-powered alternatives GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
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The GHG Inventory quantified off-road emissions associated with 2023. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 using CARB’s OFFROAD model and employment data in order to determine the fuel consumption and emissions associated with off-road equipment for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
Off-road lawn and garden equipment emissions reductions were estimated by multiplying the diesel and gasoline fuel consumption by the implementation level percentage chosen by each jurisdiction. The resultant reduction in fuel consumption was then multiplied by the appropriate emission factor to estimate GHG reductions. The fuel consumption reduction was assumed to be replaced by electric-powered equipment and was converted to electricity using a conversion factor. The resultant increase in electricity use was then multiplied by the applicable emission factor to estimate the GHG emissions resulting from electrified equipment. The electric- powered equipment reductions were subtracted from the GHG emissions reductions associated with the fuel switch from diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment to estimate the net GHG emissions reductions.

Solid Waste Management
Waste-1: SB1383 Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Organic Waste Recycling Measure Description
Reduce methane pollution and other short-lived climate pollutants by reducing organic waste by 75 percent.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Although this measure is mandated by legislation, emissions reduction credits are attributed to individual jurisdictions since it is an unfunded mandate. • Assumes that 75% of existing organic waste that is diverted to composting would have been landfilled otherwise
• Emissions reductions are due to avoided landfilling emissions GHG Analysis
BAU Solid Waste Management
The GHG Inventory quantified waste emissions associated with existing waste management practices in 2023. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 using population and employment data in order to determine the waste amount and emissions associated with waste for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
Based on projected waste characterization data, total tonnage estimates for 2030 and 2045 were calculated to assess business-as-usual (BAU) emissions from organic waste. To estimate reductions, this tonnage was multiplied by 75%, representing the targeted decrease in organic waste sent to landfills. The remaining quantity was then allocated using appropriate emission factors for both landfilled and composted organic waste.

Waste-2: Construction and Demolition Waste
Measure Description
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Waste-2: Construction and Demolition Waste
Adopt a construction and demolition waste recovery ordinance that meets or exceeds the CALGreen voluntary guidance of 65-75 percent reduction in nonhazardous waste.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• The BAU scenario assumes that all C&D waste is landfilled • Assumes that participating cities will divert 75% C&D from landfills by 2025 and 80% by 2030
GHG Analysis
Emissions Reductions
Calculated BAU C&D waste landfill emissions by multiplying disposed tons by the relevant emission factor, then estimated avoided emissions assuming a 75-80% reduction for all materials.

Waste-3: Solid Waste Diversion
Measure Description
Adopt citywide waste goals to divert waste, support zero waste programs and education, and implement recycling and composting in multifamily buildings.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Accounts for the amount of residential mixed organics sent to the landfill after the implementation of Waste-1
• Emissions reductions are due to avoided landfilling emissions • Assumes that the waste diversion rate rises incrementally from 0% to 80% from 2025 to 2045
GHG Analysis
Emissions Reductions
Waste reductions achieved by overlapping local measures were first removed to obtain waste emissions after the implementation of SB1383 and Waste-4. This was multiplied by the waste diversion rate and the appropriate emission factors were applied.

Determined the amount of recyclable waste per household and multiply by the waste diversion rate. Multiplied this result by the appropriate emissions factors. The two final emissions estimates were added to determine the emissions reduction potential of multifamily recycling and composting goals and programs.

Waste-4: Food Waste Diversion
Measure Description
Establish a food waste and organics diversion goal. Pilot a food share/food recovery program.

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Waste-4: Food Waste Diversion
• Assumes that the food rescues programs diverts 30 percent of food waste away from landfill by 2030
• Assumes that 80% of food sent to the landfill is still edible (EPA, 2021) GHG Analysis
Emissions Reductions
Calculated the metric tons of organic waste remaining after the implementation of Waste-1.

Identified the portion of that waste that consisted of edible food and estimated how much could be rescued through the program. Applied the appropriate emissions factor to the final amount of rescued food to determine the total emissions reductions.

Agriculture
Agriculture-1: Tree Planting
Measure Description
Promote urban tree planting for shading and energy savings by establishing a city-wide tree planting goal.

Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered for the quantification of this measure:
• The annual energy savings of one mature tree is 177 kWh (CARB, 2023) • The annual energy savings from planting one tree due to decreased hat island effect is 7 kWh (ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability, 2010) • Tree shading effects were not considered
• Carbon sequestration was not considered
GHG Analysis
The exact location of where the trees would be planted in each jurisdiction is not known at this point. Trees planted along transportation corridors and roadways, or in parks and open space areas, would not shade buildings (which can reduce summer cooling energy consumption).

Therefore, to be conservative, tree shading effects were not considered for this measure. In addition, carbon sequestration benefits from new trees were not considered because the BAU inventories do not have a BAU assessment of carbon sequestration for each jurisdiction.

Emissions Reductions
Trees can also reduce the urban heat island effect through both shading and evapotranspiration.

Thus, quantification of this measure focused on reduced urban heat island effect. The GHG benefits achieved from tree planting vary based on the species, age, and size of tree planted.

The following steps were performed to calculate electricity savings associated with urban tree planting:

Electricity savings (kWh) = total number of adult shade trees planted by each jurisdiction in 2030/2045 × 177 kWh saved per tree per year + total number of non- shade trees planted by each jurisdiction in 2030/2045 × 7 kWh saved per tree per year due to decreased heat island effect only
GHG savings from electricity reductions were then calculated by multiplying the energy reductions by the appropriate utility emission factors.

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Water
Water-1: Water Conservation
Measure Description
Reduce water use by 10/15/20% by 2030
Implementation Levels:

Low: 10%
Medium: 15%
High: 20%
Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Energy use intensity (kWh/acre-foot) are averages for each jurisdiction GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified water emissions associated with 2023. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 using population data in order to determine the water use, electricity use, and emissions associated with water for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
Emissions reductions from water conservation were calculated by forecasting total water use out to 2030/2045 for each jurisdiction. The total water use was multiplied by the jurisdiction- specific implementation percentage to estimate the water saved. The water saved was then multiplied by a jurisdiction-specific average energy use intensity (kWh/acre-foot) to estimate the electricity reductions in the target years. Energy use intensity is derived from local UWMPs. GHG emissions reductions were quantified by multiplying the electricity reductions by the appropriate utility emission factors.

Water-2: Recycled Water
Measure Description
Recycle 5/10/15% of water for reuse by 2030
Implementation Levels:

Low: 5%
Medium: 10%
High: 15%
Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• Energy use intensity (kWh/acre-foot) are averages for each jurisdiction • Recycled water use reduces overall energy use intensity values • Water-1 is implemented before Water-2 e.g. the baseline water use for Water-2 is equal to the water use after Water-1 implementation to avoid double-counting reductions.

GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified water emissions associated with 2023. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 using population data in order to determine the water use, electricity use, and emissions associated with water for 2030 and 2045. 416

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Emissions Reductions
Emissions reductions from recycled water were calculated by using the total water use after implementation of Water-1. The baseline energy use intensity values were then multiplied by the jurisdiction-specific implementation level and subtracted from the baseline energy use intensity to estimate the new energy use intensity after implementing Water-2. The new energy use intensity was then multiplied by the water use to estimate electricity use with implementation of Water-2. GHG emissions reductions were quantified by multiplying the new electricity use by the appropriate utility emission factors and subtracting the baseline emissions.

Wastewater
Wastewater-1: Equipment Upgrades
Measure Description
Improve wastewater treatment and pumping equipment energy efficiency by 15/25/35% by 2030
Implementation Levels:

Low: 15%
Medium: 25%
High: 35%
Assumptions
The following assumptions were considered in the evaluation of this measure:
• All equipment upgrades are assumed to reduce electricity use • Electricity use reductions come from collection and treatment of wastewater GHG Analysis
BAU Forecast
The GHG Inventory quantified wastewater emissions associated with 2023. The 2023 values were projected to 2030 and 2045 using population data in order to determine the wastewater use, associated electricity use, and wastewater emissions for 2030 and 2045.

Emissions Reductions
Emissions reductions from wastewater equipment upgrades were calculated by multiplying the wastewater collection and treatment electricity use by the jurisdiction-specific implementation percentage. GHG emissions reductions were quantified by multiplying the wastewater collection and treatment electricity use reductions by the appropriate utility emission factors.

References
CAETRM. (n.d.). Measure SWHC039/09. https://www.caetrm.com/measure/SWHC039/09/ CalEEMod. (n.d.). California Emissions Estimator Model. https://www.caleemod.com/ California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. (2024). Handbook for analyzing greenhouse gas emission reductions, assessing climate vulnerabilities, and advancing health and equity (Final
Draft). https://www.caleemod.com/documents/handbook/full_handbook.pdf 417

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California Air Resources Board. (n.d.). Ecosystem services and neighborhood greening. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/auction-
proceeds/ccidoc/Ecosystem%20Services_Neighborhood%20Greening.pdf California Energy Commission. (2021). Building decarbonization assessment. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-08/CEC-200-2021-005-PO.pdf California Public Utilities Commission. (2024). Forward-looking smart thermostat study. https://www.calmac.org//publications/CPUC_GroupA_Fwdlooking_Tstat_FinalReport.p df
ENERGY STAR. (n.d.-a). Heating and cooling maintenance checklist. https://www.energystar.gov/saveathome/heating-cooling/maintenance- checklist?newTab=true
ENERGY STAR. (n.d.-b). Seal and insulate methodology.
https://www.energystar.gov/saveathome/seal_insulate/methodology ENERGY STAR. (n.d.-c). Smart thermostat FAQs.
https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/smart_thermostats/smart_thermost at_faq
Insulation Institute. (2024). Evaluation of under-insulated single-family detached homes in the U.S. https://insulationinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Under-Insulated-Single- Family-Detached-Homes-in-the-United-States-Final-20241008.pdf PR Newswire. (2014, May 22). New study reveals window film as the most cost-effective answer to reducing Florida homeowners' high energy costs. https://www.prnewswire.com/news- releases/new-study-reveals-window-film-as-the-most-cost-effective-answer-to-reducing- florida-homeowners-high-energy-costs-259935371.html
U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). LED lighting. Energy Saver. https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/led-lighting
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2022a). 2018 CBECS Table B21: Energy consumption by end use. https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/bc/pdf/b21.pdf U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2022b). 2018 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and expenditures highlights. https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/2018/pdf/CBECS%202018%20CE% 20Release%202%20Flipbook.pdf
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2022c). Estimating heating and other end uses in the 2020 RECS [Webinar slides].
https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/webinar_slides/2020%20RECS%20C&E% 20Webinar%20slides.pdf
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U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2023). Today in Energy: LED lighting continues to grow in commercial buildings.
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=52999
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). From farm to kitchen: The environmental impacts of U.S. food waste. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-11/from- farm-to-kitchen-the-environmental-impacts-of-u.s.-food-waste_508-tagged.pdf Western Riverside Council of Governments. (2019). Updated analysis of development impact fees. https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/5901/Fee-Comparison-Analysis-2018?bidId= 419

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Appendix D. Authority to Implement and Intersection
with Other Funding Availability
The Comprehensive Climate Action Plan (CCAP) focuses on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction measures for the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), comprised of Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG), San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA)/San Bernardino Council of Governments (SBCOG), and Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG).

This Appendix provides a review of the authority of the primary supporting agencies to implement the GHG reduction measures within the MSA. The primary supporting agencies are CVAG, SBCTA/SBCOG, WRCOG, County of Riverside, County of San Bernardino, incorporated cities within Riverside and San Bernardino counties, Southern California Association of Governments, South Coast Air Quality Management District, and Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District. All GHG measures within the PCAP (both regional measures and additional local measures) can be implemented by primary supporting agencies through existing regulatory and/or statutory authority.

In addition, this appendix provides a summary table of funding available that could be leveraged to pursue the objectives of the CCAP. This summary table considers the wide array of public investment available from federal, state, local, and other sources.

General Law and Charter Cities
There are two types of cities within the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area: general law and charter cities. Both general law and charter cities are governed by California Government Code, particularly Title 4, Divisions 1−5; Article XI, §3 of the Constitution of California.

Cities have a wide range of planning and implementation authority and a wide range of activities relevant to climate action. These include key activities such as creating and implementing general plans and climate action plans among others; passing ordinances; providing services; building, operating, and maintaining infrastructure; providing incentives; and levying fees and taxes.

Southern California Association of Governments
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), founded in 1965, is a Joint Powers Authority (JPA) under California state law, established as an association of local governments and agencies that voluntarily convene as a forum to address regional issues. SCAG is designated as a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) under federal law, and as a Regional Transportation Planning Agency (RTPA) and a Council of Governments under state law.

The SCAG region encompasses six counties (Riverside, San Bernardino, Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, and Ventura) and 191 cities, and covers over 38,000 square miles. As an MPO and 420

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RTPA, SCAG is tasked with developing long-range regional transportation plans including sustainable communities, strategy and growth forecast components, regional transportation improvement programs, regional housing needs allocations, and a portion of the South Coast Air Quality management plans. In 1992, SCAG expanded its governing body, the Executive Committee, to a 70-member Regional Council to help accommodate new responsibilities mandated by the federal and state governments, as well as to provide more broad-based representation of Southern California’s cities and counties. With its expanded membership structure, SCAG created regional districts to provide for more diverse representation. The districts were formed with the intent to serve equal populations and communities of interest.

Currently, the Regional Council consists of 86 members.

In addition to the six counties and 191 cities that make up SCAG’s region, there are six County Transportation Commissions that hold the primary responsibility for programming and implementing transportation projects, programs, and services in their respective counties.

Additionally, SCAG Bylaws provide for representation of Native American tribes and Air Districts in the region on the Regional Council and Policy Committees.

SCAG is responsible for key regional planning processes such as the Regional Transportation Plan and Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS), leads a range of planning initiatives focused on sectors such as transit and goods movement, and provides grants and incentives to support local planning and infrastructure projects. SCAG draws its authority from various California Government Codes, particularly Title 1, Division 7, Chapter 5, Article 1.

County of Riverside
The County of Riverside is governed by various sections of the California Government Code, including but not limited to Title 3 (Counties) and Title 5 (Local Agencies), as well as the Charter of the County of Riverside and the County of Riverside Code of Ordinances. Founded in 1893, the County of Riverside covers 7,303 square miles. It boasts a working population of 1,042,800 people and a total population of 2,450,758, making it the 4th most populous county in CA, behind Los Angeles, San Diego, and Orange. There are 28 incorporated cities in the County of Riverside.

The County of Riverside is made up of 44 departments and is governed by a five-member elected Board of Supervisors, each representing a different district of the County. As a subdivision of the state, the County of Riverside is charged with providing numerous services for its residents and land, including law enforcement, tax collection, public health protection, public social services, elections, and flood control, as well as many others.

In addition to the multitude of public services the County provides, the Board directs County of Riverside departments to pursue and implement policies that will promote sustainability, benefit the environment, and improve public health. The County of Riverside draws its authority from various California Government Codes sections, including Title 3 (Counties) and Title 5 (Local Agencies), as well as the Charter of the County of Riverside and the County of Riverside Code of Ordinances.
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County of San Bernardino
The County of San Bernardino is governed by various sections of the California Government Code, including but not limited to Title 3 (Counties) and Title 5 (Local Agencies), as well as the Charter of the County San Bernardino and the County of San Bernardino Code of Ordinances.

Established in 1853, the County of San Bernadino has over 2.2 million residents and covers 20,105 square miles, making it the largest county by area in the contiguous United States. The County of Riverside stretches from eastern Los Angeles to the Arizona and Nevada borders. It is made up of 24 incorporated cities and other unincorporated areas.

The County of San Bernardino is made up of 42 departments, with an operating budget that exceeds $8.6 billion dollars. It is governed by a five-member elected Board of Supervisors, each representing a different district of the County. As a subdivision of the state, the County is charged with providing numerous services for its residents and land, including law enforcement, tax collection, public health protection, public social services, elections, and flood control, as well as many others. In addition to the multitude of public services the County provides, the Board directs County departments to pursue and implement policies that will promote sustainability, benefit the environment, and improve public health. This includes policies focused on transportation, non-motorized transportation, energy, and zero-emission buses, particularly for GHG reductions.

Coachella Valley Association of Governments
The Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG) is governed by the California Government Code, particularly Title 1, Division 7, Chapter 5, Article 1. Founded in 1973, CVAG is the regional planning agency that coordinates government services within the Coachella Valley. By providing solutions to the common issues of the local governments and Tribes that are its members, CVAG promotes a better quality of life and balanced growth for residents of Central and Eastern Riverside County.

The CVAG region includes 10 cities, unincorporated areas of Riverside County, the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, and the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians. CVAG is governed by a 65-member General Assembly that includes the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, all mayors and council members of the incorporated cities in Eastern Riverside County, and five tribal members each from the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians and the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians. CVAG governance is further supported by a 17-member executive committee that meets between sessions of the General Assembly. Executive Committee membership includes the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, mayors, and Tribal Council Chairs. City managers, the County of Riverside Chief Executive Officer, and the Tribal Chief Executive Officer serve as non-voting members. In addition, two members of SCAG’s Regional Council are elected by the cities of Coachella Valley to serve as non-voting members.

As the recognized transportation planning agency with the Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC), CVAG is charged with preparing a Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) for the Coachella Valley. Central to this effort is the Transportation Project Prioritization Study 422

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(TPPS), which identifies and prioritizes transportation projects in the region. The projects within the TPPS are fed into a larger regional planning effort by SCAG. CVAG also manages and distributes funds under the Congestion Management Air Quality (CMAQ) program, programs transportation improvement projects, and administrates the region’s Transportation Mitigation Fee Program.

CVAG draws its authority from various California Government Codes, particularly Title 1, Division 7, Chapter 5, Article 1.

San Bernardino County Transportation Authority and San
Bernardino Council of Governments
SBCOG is governed by the California Government Code, particularly Title 1, Division 7, Chapter 5, Article 1. Formerly known as the San Bernardino Associated Governments, the San Bernardino County Transportation Authority and San Bernardino Council of Governments (SBCTA/SBCOG) were reformed as sister agencies in 2016, focusing on multimodal transportation initiatives and regional planning/policy, respectively, within San Bernardino County. SBCTA/SBCOG jurisdiction includes San Bernardino County’s 24 cities and over 2.2 million residents.

Recognizing that many issues and concerns are not constrained by political boundaries, SBCTA/SBCOG focuses on regional matters. As a single entity, SBCTA consolidates the role of the County Transportation Commission, local transportation authority, and service authority for freeway emergencies and local congestion management. SBCOG serves as the Joint Powers Authority (JPA) that provides a forum for regional planning and policy issues, including transportation as well as housing, public health, energy, and sustainability. Collectively, the purpose of the SBCTA/SBCOG is to speak with a unified voice on important issues that affect its member agencies, better advocate for San Bernardino communities, and strengthen San Bernardino County’s standing in the region and State. SBCTA/SBCOG is governed by a Board of Directors with representatives from 24 cities and towns, and 5 supervisorial districts of San Bernardino County. This governing board sets policy and program direction for the organization.

SBCTA/SBCOG draws its authority from various California Government Codes, particularly Title 1, Division 7, Chapter 5, Article 1.

Western Riverside Council of Governments
The Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG) is governed by the California Government Code, particularly Title 1, Division 7, Chapter 5, Article 1. The purpose of WRCOG is to unify Western Riverside County so that it can speak with a collective voice on important issues that affect its members. Representatives from 18 cities, the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, and the Eastern and Western Municipal Water Districts have seats on the WRCOG Executive Committee, the group that sets policy for the organization, and the Riverside County Superintendent of Schools is an ex-officio member. WRCOG represents a population of approximately 1.4 million people.
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Recognizing that many issues related to growth are not constrained by political boundaries, WRCOG focuses on a number of regional matters important to our future. By working together through its committee structure and utilizing resources, WRCOG is cost-effective by reducing duplication of effort, sharing information, enabling strong advocacy, and strengthening Western Riverside's standing in the region and the State. In all its efforts, WRCOG strives to "respect local control, provide regional perspective, and make a difference" to elevate the quality of life throughout the subregion. WRCOG draws its authority from various California Government Codes, particularly Title 1, Division 7, Chapter 5, Article 1.

WRCOG also oversees the Inland Regional Energy Network (I-REN). was established to administer, design, and deliver energy efficiency programs in Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Established in 2019 and approved in 2021 by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), I-REN is a consortium of WRCOG, CVAG, and SBCOG, with a mission to provide energy programs and services to help meet local and state energy efficiency goals. I- REN activities are authorized by the CPUC, particularly Decision 12-11-015, Decision 16-08- 019, Decision 18-05-041, and Decision 19-12-021.

South Coast Air Quality Management District
The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) is established and governed by the California Health and Safety Code, particularly Division 26, Part 3, Sections 40400 et seq.

SCAQMD is the regulatory agency responsible for improving air quality for large areas of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties, including the Coachella Valley. The region is home to more than 17 million people, or 44 percent of the population of the entire state of California.

The SCAQMD operates within a regulatory framework established by State and federal mandates aimed at addressing air quality concerns. The primary federal mandates that guide the SCAQMD's actions include the Clean Air Act (CAA) and associated amendments. These mandates empower the district to regulate and enforce air quality standards, reduce emissions, and protect public health and the environment.

The CAA requires SCAQMD to develop Air Quality Management Plans (AQMPs), which are the essential blueprints to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The 2022 AQMP includes new regulations and the development of incentive programs to support early deployment of advanced clean technologies.

In the area that the SCAQMD is responsible for, mobile sources—heavy-duty trucks, ships, airplanes, locomotives, and off-road equipment—account for 80 percent of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Stationary sources, such as power plants, refineries, and factories, are responsible for the remaining 20 percent. The majority of SCAQMD’s regulatory authority is for stationary sources with authority for fleets and indirect source measures to control mobile sources. The 2022 AQMP requires wide-spread adoption of zero-emission technologies across all mobile and stationary sources.
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State law SB 2297 (Rosenthal) Chapter 1546 established SCAQMD’s Clean Fuels Program. The Clean Fuels Program supports the development and demonstration of clean technologies across the mobile source sectors to reduce air pollution and protect public health, especially in disproportionately impacted, low-income disadvantaged communities. SCAQMD also implements incentive programs to spur the transition to the cleanest available technologies, while supporting large-scale commercialization.

SCAQMD also has the authority to regulate stationary sources such as residential, commercial, and large industrial facilities. Building on existing rules and regulations, the 2022 AQMP includes control measures for residential combustion sources to reduce emissions from residential water and space heating, cooking devices, and other combustion sources. Similar control measures are proposed to reduce emissions from commercial buildings as well as small combustion engines and other equipment. Additionally, SCAQMD has large combustion source measures for industrial facilities and equipment such as boilers and process heaters, refineries, emergency standby engines, turbines, electricity generating facilities, landfills, incinerators, and other permitted equipment. In addition to rules and regulations, SCAQMD has incentivized the transition to cleaner stationary source technologies such as residential heat pumps, commercial boilers, and other equipment.

SCAQMD is the regional agency responsible for local, state, and federal air quality mandates.

SCAQMD has both the authority and mandate to reduce air pollution by all means feasible including regulations, rules, and clean technology development, demonstration, and deployment.

SCAQMD draws its authority from the California Health and Safety Code, particularly Division 26, Part 3, Sections 40400 et seq.

Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District
The Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District (MDAQMD) is established and governed by the California Health and Safety Code, particularly Division 26, Part 3, Sections 40400 et seq.

Stretched out over more than 20,000 square miles of California’s vast desert expanse, the MDAQMD is geographically the second largest of the state’s 35 air districts. As the air pollution control agency for San Bernardino County’s High Desert and Riverside County’s Palo Verde Valley, the District has primary responsibility for regulating stationary sources of air pollution located within its jurisdictional boundaries. The District implements air quality programs required by state and federal mandates, enforces rules and regulations based on air pollution laws, and educates businesses and residents about their role in protecting air quality and the risks of air pollution.

The MDAQMD lies within the Mojave Desert Air Basin, which encompasses desert portions of Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The District works to protect the health of nearly 600,000 residents by safeguarding the region's air quality. By partnering with the local communities and businesses, they implement regulations and programs to reduce air pollution and assist the region in attaining ambient air quality standards. This is accomplished through a comprehensive and common-sense program of planning, regulation, compliance 425

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assistance, enforcement, monitoring, and public outreach and education. The District consists of 40 dedicated staff members, including engineers, inspectors, planners, community relations, and other professionals, under the direction of the Executive Director/Air Pollution Control Officer.

Air Monitoring staff operates and maintains six monitoring stations—Barstow, Hesperia, Phelan, Trona, Twentynine Palms, and Victorville—within the District's 20,000+ mile jurisdiction.

MDAQMD duties are authorized under the California Health and Safety Code, Division 26, Part 3, Chapter 13, Article 4, Sections 41230−41233.

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Funding Sources
Table D-1
Available Funding Programs
Funding Source GHG Measure
Category
Funding
Source
Type
Description
U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE)
Energy Federal
The DOE provides funding and loan programs to support clean transportation, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and carbon reduction projects. These programs aim to accelerate the deployment of innovative energy technologies and infrastructure investments that advance decarbonization and climate resilience. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) expanded DOE’s impact by investing billions into clean energy manufacturing, grid modernization, and emissions reduction technologies. Key programs include:
- Zero-Emission Transit Bus Tax Exemption & Voucher Incentives: Exempts zero-emission transit buses from state sales and use taxes when sold to public agencies in California. CARB also provides vouchers to help fleets purchase electric, hybrid, and natural gas trucks and buses. - DOE Loan Programs Office: Provides loan guarantees for clean energy, fossil energy, nuclear, and infrastructure reinvestment projects under the Title 17 Innovative Clean Energy Loan Guarantee Program, supporting technologies that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions. - Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Projects: Offers $4.5 billion in loan guarantees for market-ready technologies in grid integration, storage, biofuels, waste-to-energy, and efficiency improvements. The IRA also provides $40 billion in tax credits and loans to accelerate domestic manufacturing of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and critical minerals processing.
- Advanced Fossil Energy Projects: Supports projects that reduce carbon emissions in hard-to-decarbonize sectors, including carbon capture, low-carbon power systems, and efficiency improvements in fossil fuel production and use.
- Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Program: Provides capital for large-scale CO₂ transport projects, including pipelines, rail, and shipping, to support carbon capture and storage efforts. 427

U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (US
EPA)
Energy Federal
The US EPA funds programs that reduce pollution, improve air and water quality, and promote environmental justice. The IRA expanded EPA's efforts by investing billions into environmental justice, clean energy, and emissions reduction initiatives. Key programs include:
- Pollution Prevention & Environmental Justice Grants: Support projects that reduce industrial emissions and improve public health in disadvantaged communities. The IRA provides $9 billion for environmental and climate justice grants, funding local solutions for air pollution, extreme heat, and water quality. - Clean Energy & Air Quality Programs: Fund clean transportation, emissions reduction, and renewable energy initiatives. The IRA’s $27 billion Clean Energy Accelerator supports the deployment of technologies that reduce emissions, particularly in underserved areas.
- Brownfields & Land Revitalization: Provide funding for remediation and redevelopment of contaminated sites to support community revitalization.
- Methane Emissions Reduction Program: Established through the IRA, this initiative targets methane leaks from oil, gas, and industrial facilities.
- Port Electrification & Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions Reduction: The IRA allocates $3 billion to reduce air pollution at ports, supporting zero-emission equipment and clean freight technologies. 428

U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA)
Energy, Agriculture
and Natural Working
Lands
Federal
The USDA funds initiatives that support climate-smart agriculture, rural energy access, and forest conservation, which help increase renewable energy adoption and strengthen climate resilience in rural communities. Key programs include:
- Renewable Energy for America Program: Provides grants and loans for agricultural producers and rural businesses to install renewable energy systems.
- Climate-Smart Agriculture Grants: Support soil health, wildfire resilience, and forest conservation to enhance carbon sequestration.
- Rural Utility Service Programs: Invest in rural energy infrastructure, water conservation, and clean power access, with IRA-funded expansions into renewable energy and grid modernization.

U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban
Development (HUD)
Energy Federal
HUD funds programs that promote energy-efficient housing, climate resilience, and equitable community development. Key programs enhance housing sustainability, improve energy efficiency, and build climate resilience:
- Green & Resilient Retrofit Program: Provides funding for energy efficiency and resilience upgrades in affordable housing.
429

U.S. Department of
Transportation (US DOT)
Transportation,
Energy Federal
The US DOT funds projects that improve transportation infrastructure, expand transit access, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Key programs enhance mobility, expand clean transportation, and improve transportation equity:
- Infrastructure Investment & Jobs Act (IIJA) Grants: Provide funding for EV charging networks, public transit, and sustainable infrastructure. The IRA supplements these efforts with additional funding for zero- emission transportation technologies.
- Low & No Emission Vehicle Grants: Support the adoption of zero-emission buses and fleet electrification. The IRA added tax credits of up to $7,500 for new EVs and $4,000 for used EVs, accelerating clean vehicle adoption. - Safe Streets & Active Transportation Initiatives: Invest in bike, pedestrian, and multimodal transportation projects.

CAL FIRE
Agriculture and
Natural Working
Lands
State
CAL FIRE administers funding for wildfire prevention, reforestation, and climate adaptation in forested landscapes. Key programs reduce wildfire risks, protect communities, and enhance carbon storage:
- Fire Prevention Grants: Support forest thinning, prescribed burns, and fuel reduction projects to lower wildfire risk.
- Reforestation & Carbon Sequestration Initiatives: Fund tree planting and forest restoration to enhance climate resilience.
- Community Wildfire Resilience Programs: Provide grants for fire-safe infrastructure and home hardening in fire-prone areas.

California Air Resources
Board (CARB)
Transportation, Off-
Road Equipment
State
CARB administers a range of funding programs to reduce emissions, promote zero-emission transportation, and improve air quality, with a strong focus on low-income and disadvantaged communities. These programs provide 430

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix D: Authority to Implement and Intersection with Other Funding Availability CCAP Appendix D D-12 October 31, 2025
Table D-1
Available Funding Programs
Funding Source GHG Measure
Category
Funding
Source
Type
Description
grants, rebates, and incentives to accelerate the transition to cleaner mobility options. Key programs include:
- Zero-Emission Vehicle Incentives: Includes the California Vehicle Rebate Program (CVRP) and Clean Vehicle Assistance Program, which offer financial assistance for purchasing or leasing electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles, prioritizing low-income recipients.
- Heavy-Duty and Off-Road Vehicle Upgrades: Programs such as the Carl Moyer Program, Hybrid and Zero- Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP), and Bus Replacement Grant Program provide funding to replace older, high-emission trucks, buses, and off-road equipment with clean alternatives. - Community-Based Mobility & Infrastructure Grants: The Clean Mobility Options Voucher Pilot Program and Car Sharing & Mobility Options Program support zero-emission mobility projects, including bikeshare, vanpooling, and innovative transit services in disadvantaged communities. - Freight & Goods Movement Emissions Reduction: The Proposition 1B Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program helps lower emissions from freight corridors and ports, while the Low Carbon Transportation Investments fund cleaner heavy-duty vehicles.
- School & Public Fleet Programs: The Lower-Emission School Bus Program helps school districts replace high-polluting buses, and the Air Quality Improvement Program funds clean vehicle projects, alternative fuel research, and workforce training.

California Department of
Community Services and
Development (CSD)
Energy State
CSD funds programs that reduce energy costs, improve efficiency, and enhance community resilience for low- income households. Key programs reduce energy burden, expand clean energy access, and improve energy security:
- Low-Income Weatherization Program (LIWP): Provides energy efficiency upgrades, solar PV installations, and electrification retrofits for disadvantaged communities. - Community Solar & Energy Resilience Grants: Support solar access, battery storage, and microgrid projects in underserved areas.
- Utility Bill Assistance Programs: Offer direct financial aid for energy bills to low-income households. 431

CalRecycle Solid Waste State
CalRecycle funds programs that reduce landfill waste, promote recycling, and support organic waste diversion, which help to lower emissions and advance California’s circular economy goals. Key programs include:
- Organics Grant Program: Invests in composting and anaerobic digestion to divert food waste and reduce methane emissions.
- Recycling Market Development Zone Program: Supports local recycling businesses and circular economy initiatives.
- Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Programs: Provide funding for waste reduction and product stewardship efforts.

California Department of
Transportation (Caltrans) Transportation State
Caltrans provides funding to support active transportation, sustainable mobility, and climate adaptation in transportation planning and infrastructure. These state-administered programs aim to improve biking and pedestrian access, enhance transit planning, and build climate-resilient transportation systems. Key programs include:
- Active Transportation Program (ATP): Funds bike and pedestrian infrastructure, safe routes to school projects, and active transportation planning, with at least 25% of funds benefiting disadvantaged communities.

Grants are awarded through a mix of statewide competition, metropolitan agencies, and rural allocations. 432

California Department of
Food and Agriculture
(CDFA)
Energy, Agriculture
and Natural Working
Lands
State
The CDFA funds programs that reduce agricultural emissions, improve soil health, and promote sustainable farming. These programs promote climate resilience, reduce emissions, and enhance soil and water sustainability:
- Healthy Soils Program: Provides grants for carbon farming, cover crops, and soil conservation practices. - Alternative Manure Management Program: Supports methane reduction projects in dairy and livestock operations.
- State Water Efficiency & Enhancement Program (SWEEP): Invests in water-efficient irrigation systems and renewable energy for farms.

California Energy
Commission (CEC)
Energy,
Transportation State
The CEC funds programs that support EV charging infrastructure, clean transportation technologies, and energy efficiency projects, with a focus on innovation, deployment, and accessibility. Key programs expand clean transportation infrastructure, promote energy efficiency, and support California’s transition to a low-carbon economy:
- California Capital Access Program: Provides incentives for small businesses and lenders to finance EV charging station projects.
- CALeVIP & Southern California Incentive Project: Offers rebates of up to $80,000 for DC fast EV charger installations, with increased funding for projects in disadvantaged communities. - Clean Transportation Program: Invests up to $100 million annually to accelerate the development and 433

California Natural
Resources Agency
(CNRA)
Energy, Agriculture
and Natural Working
Lands
State
The CNRA funds programs that promote green infrastructure, carbon sequestration, and environmental mitigation, with a focus on disadvantaged communities and GHG reduction. Key programs enhance urban sustainability, reduce emissions, and improve environmental resilience:
- Urban Greening Grant Program: Supports projects that sequester carbon, reduce energy use, and decrease vehicle miles traveled.
- Environmental Enhancement & Mitigation Program: Funds urban forestry and other projects that mitigate the environmental impacts of transportation infrastructure. - Urban Green Infrastructure Program: Provides funding for multi-benefit green infrastructure projects, prioritizing disadvantaged communities.

California Public Utilities
Commission (CPUC)
Energy,
Transportation, Off-
Road Equipment
State
The CPUC funds programs that promote renewable energy, building electrification, transportation electrification, and energy affordability, with a focus on low-income households and disadvantaged communities. Key programs include:
- Renewable Energy & Energy Storage: Supports solar PV, solar water heating, and distributed energy storage through incentives and rebates.
- Building Electrification: Invests $200M in clean heating technologies to reduce fossil fuel use in buildings. - Transportation Electrification: Allocates $1 billion for EV charging infrastructure, prioritizing medium- and heavy-duty vehicles and underserved communities.
- Utility Bill Assistance: Provides discounts of 18–35% on electricity and gas bills for qualifying low-income households.
434

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix D: Authority to Implement and Intersection with Other Funding Availability CCAP Appendix D D-16 October 31, 2025
Table D-1
Available Funding Programs
Funding Source GHG Measure
Category
Funding
Source
Type
Description
California Department of
Housing and Community
Development (HCD)
Energy State
HCD funds programs that expand affordable housing, promote sustainable land use, and support climate resilience. These programs integrate transportation, infrastructure, and energy efficiency to create healthier, more equitable communities across California. Key programs include:
- Affordable Housing & Sustainable Communities (AHSC): Provides funding for affordable housing projects near transit, promoting walkability, lower emissions, and equitable access to transportation. - Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) Grant: Supports local governments in streamlining housing approvals and accelerating sustainable housing development.
- Disaster Resilience & Mitigation Funding: Includes Community Development Block Grant - Mitigation (CDBG-MIT) and Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) programs that are funded by HUD (administered by HCD) as well as fire-safe housing grants, and resilience-focused affordable housing initiatives to strengthen housing and infrastructure against climate risks like wildfires, floods, and extreme heat. - Homekey & Project Roomkey (for Climate Resilience & Emergency Housing): Provides grants to convert hotels, motels, and other properties into long-term affordable housing, including considerations for climate resilience and extreme weather preparedness.

California State
Transportation Agency
(CalSTA)
Transportation State
The CalSTA funds programs that expand transit, reduce emissions, and improve transportation infrastructure. Key programs enhance transit accessibility, lower transportation emissions, and improve climate resilience:
- Transit & Intercity Rail Capital Program (TIRCP): Supports zero-emission transit projects and rail expansion.
- Active Transportation & Mobility Grants: Fund bike and pedestrian infrastructure, multimodal transportation planning, and transit access improvements.
- Climate Adaptation & Resilience Investments: Provide funding for transportation infrastructure upgrades to withstand extreme weather events.

Strategic Growth Council
(SGC)
Transportation,
Energy
State
The SGC funds projects that integrate climate resilience, sustainable development, and social equity through key programs, including:
435

Clean Power Alliance
(CPA) Energy Regional
The CPA funds local renewable energy, community solar, and energy resilience projects. Key programs expand clean energy access and improve community resilience:
- Community Solar & Battery Storage Grants: Support solar plus storage deployment in low-income communities.
- 100% Renewable Energy Initiatives: Provide affordable clean energy options to customers. - Resilient Grid Infrastructure Investments: Fund microgrids and distributed energy resources for energy security.

South Coast Air Quality
Management District
(SCAQMD)
Transportation,
Energy, Off-Road
Equipment
Regional
The SCAQMD provides grants, incentives, and rebates to reduce air pollution, vehicle emissions, and fossil fuel dependence, with a focus on low-income and environmental justice communities. - AB 617 Implementation: Supports community emissions reduction plans, monitoring, and facility upgrades, with $107.5M in funding for cleaner heavy-duty vehicles under the Carl Moyer Program. - Vehicle Engine Upgrade Programs: Provides grants, subsidies, and vouchers to replace or retrofit heavy-duty trucks, freight vehicles, and goods movement equipment with cleaner technologies. - Replace Your Ride & EV Charging Incentives: Offers funding for low-income residents to replace older vehicles with cleaner alternatives and install home EV chargers. - Clean Fuels Fund: Grants for alternative fuel infrastructure to support the transition from gasoline and diesel to cleaner fuels like natural gas.
- Electric Lawn Mower Rebate Program: Offsets the cost of replacing gas-powered mowers with electric 436

Southern California Gas
Company (SoCalGas)
Energy Regional
SoCalGas provides energy efficiency, weatherization, and incentive programs for residential, multifamily, and commercial customers to help reduce energy use and costs. Cities can also join Local Government Partnerships to access rebates, facility audits, and community outreach support. These programs are funded by California utility customers under the oversight of the CPUC. Key programs support energy efficiency, lower utility costs, and improve access to clean energy solutions for Southern California residents and businesses:
- Energy Savings Assistance Program: Offers free weatherization services to low-income households that qualify under CARE income guidelines.
- Comprehensive Mobile Home Program: Provides no-cost energy efficiency evaluations and installations for mobile homes, including low-flow showerheads and HVAC system improvements. - Commercial & Residential Direct Install Programs: Offers free energy efficiency upgrades to businesses and homes, helping customers reduce energy and water consumption. - SoCalGas Marketplace: Online platform featuring rebates and incentives for energy-efficient appliances and consumer electronics.
- Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Billing Rate: Provides a special residential rate for customers refueling natural gas vehicles at home, potentially lowering fuel costs.

Southern California
Regional Energy Network
(SoCalREN)
Energy, Water,
Wastewater Regional
SoCalREN provides services to residents, businesses, and public agencies throughout the areas served by Southern California Edison (SCE) and/or SoCalGasQualifying agencies include cities, counties, school districts, water districts, sanitation districts, and other public agencies. SoCalREN offers:
- Public Agency Programs for energy efficiency upgrades in facilities like wastewater treatment plants, schools, and libraries.
437

Southern California Edison
(SCE) Energy Regional
SCE provides funding and incentives to support EV charging infrastructure, energy efficiency, and clean energy adoption, which help reduce emissions, improve energy affordability, and expand clean transportation infrastructure in California. Key programs include:
- Charge Ready Program & Transit Bus Pilot: Provides funding and technical support for installing EV charging infrastructure at multi-family buildings, businesses, and transit agencies. - Energy Savings Assistance Program: Offers free energy efficiency upgrades for low-income households, including weatherization and appliance replacements.
- Business & Mobile Home Efficiency Upgrades: Provides free energy conservation assessments and equipment upgrades for businesses and mobile home residents.
- Renewable Energy & EV Incentives: Supports green rate programs, EV time-of-use charging discounts, and community renewable energy options.

Inland Regional Energy
Network (IREN) Energy Regional
The Inland Regional Energy Network (I-REN) connects local governments, the workforce, and other stakeholders to a wide range of energy efficiency resources. The Public Sector Program focuses on:
- Providing local governments with support and resources to develop and implement their strategic energy plans and energy efficiency projects
- Helping local governments to afford and finance a range of energy efficiency upgrades - Establishing one-on-one support for local governments’ energy efficiency projects - Developing or enhancing strategic energy plans to connect local government goals related to climate, resilience, and economic development to energy efficiency programs and adoption National Electric Vehicle
Infrastructure (NEVI )
Program
Transportation Federal
Grant program with $5 billion in funding available. The Program provides $5 billion of funding to States to deploy electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and establish an interconnected network to facilitate data collection, access, and reliability. Initially, funding under the Program is directed to infrastructure acquired or 438

439

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix E: Workforce Development Programs CCAP Appendix E E-1 October 31, 2025
Appendix E. Workforce Development Programs
Tables E-1 through E-8 below show the training programs for the occupations that are estimated to have the highest workforce shortages in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA. The training programs are provided by community colleges, other colleges/universities, private entities, and apprenticeship sponsors located in Riverside or San Bernardino Counties.

Table E-1
Workforce Programs for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers Institution Type County Course/Program
Barstow Community College Community College San Bernardino Forklift Professional Certificate
Mission Career College Community College Riverside Forklift Professional Certificate
Atlas Forklift Training Private Training Provider San Bernardino Forklift Professional Certificate
ROI Safety Services Private Training Provider Riverside Forklift Professional Certificate
All Purpose Forklift Training Private Training Provider San Bernardino Forklift Professional Certificate
All State Forklift Training
Center Private Training Provider Riverside Forklift Professional Certificate
USA Forklift Certification Private Training Provider Riverside Forklift Professional Certificate

Table E-2
Workforce Programs for Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Institution Type County Course/Program
Construction Teamsters
Apprenticeship Program Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship California State University-San
Bernardino College San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
San Bernardino Valley College Community College San Bernardino Commercial Driver's License
Victor Valley College Community College San Bernardino Commercial Driver's License
America Truck Driving Private Training
Provider Riverside Commercial Driver's
License
C.R. England Private Training
Provider Riverside Commercial Driver's
License
440

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix E: Workforce Development Programs CCAP Appendix E E-2 October 31, 2025
Table E-2
Workforce Programs for Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Institution Type County Course/Program
West Coast Trucking School Private Training
Provider Riverside Commercial Driver's
License
160 Driving Academy Private Training
Provider
Riverside, San
Bernardino
Commercial Driver's
License
Swift Transportation Private Training
Provider
Riverside, San
Bernardino
Commercial Driver's
License
Advanced School of Driving Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
American Tech Trucking School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Automotive Training Academy
of California
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Beaumont School of Trucking Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
CDL Basic Training, LLC Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Commercial Drivers License of
California
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
East Valley College Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Pilot Trucking School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Progress Trucking School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Sergio School of Trucking Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
SPCDL Truck Driving School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Truck Driver Academy Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Universal Technical Institute Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Universal Truck Driving School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License

Table E-3
Workforce Programs for Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators Institution Type County Course/Program
AP Crane Training - Riverside Private Training
Provider Riverside Crane Operator Certificate
441

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix E: Workforce Development Programs CCAP Appendix E E-3 October 31, 2025
Table E-3
Workforce Programs for Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators Institution Type County Course/Program
California Crane Certification -
Riverside
Private Training
Provider Riverside Crane Operator Certificate
Dependable Crane School -
Riverside
Private Training
Provider Riverside Crane Operator Certificate
Dependable Crane School - San
Bernardino
Private Training
Provider Riverside Crane Operator Certificate
Miller Crane Works Inc Private Training
Provider Riverside Crane Operator Certificate
The Crane School - Riverside Private Training
Provider Riverside Crane Operator Certificate
California Crane School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Crane Operator Certificate
Heavy Equipment Colleges of
America - San Bernardino
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Crane Operator Certificate
Heavy Equipment Colleges of
America - San Bernardino
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Heavy Equipment Operations
Certificate
International Union of Operating
Engineers - Local 12
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Heavy Equipment Operations
Certificate

Table E-4
Workforce Programs for Light Truck Drivers
Institution Type County Course/Program
California State University-
San Bernardino College San Bernardino Commercial Driver's License
San Bernardino Valley College Community College San Bernardino Commercial Driver's License
Victor Valley College Community College San Bernardino Commercial Driver's License
America Truck Driving Private Training
Provider Riverside Commercial Driver's
License
C.R. England Private Training
Provider Riverside Commercial Driver's
License
West Coast Trucking School Private Training
Provider Riverside Commercial Driver's
License
160 Driving Academy Private Training
Provider
Riverside, San
Bernardino
Commercial Driver's
License
Swift Transportation Private Training
Provider
Riverside, San
Bernardino
Commercial Driver's
License
Advanced School of Driving Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
442

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix E: Workforce Development Programs CCAP Appendix E E-4 October 31, 2025
Table E-4
Workforce Programs for Light Truck Drivers
Institution Type County Course/Program
Automotive Training Academy
of California
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Beaumont School of Trucking Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Commercial Drivers License
of California
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
East Valley College Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Pilot Trucking School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Progress Trucking School Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Truck Driver Academy Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Universal Technical Institute Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License
Universal Truck Driving
School
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino Commercial Driver's
License

Table E-5
Workforce Programs for Electricians
Institution Type County Course/Program
Freedom Forever Southern California, LLC Apprenticeship Riverside Apprenticeship Chaffey College - InTech Center Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship Inland/Desert Employers Apprenticeship
Program Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship Riverside Area Electrical JATC Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship San Bernardino, Mono & Inyo Counties
Electrical JATC Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship Victor Valley College Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship California State University-San Bernardino College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate InterCoast Colleges-Riverside Community College Riverside 1-2 Year Certificate San Joaquin Valley College-Rancho Mirage Community College Riverside <1 Year Certificate UEI-Riverside Community College Riverside 1-2 Year Certificate CET-Colton Community College San Bernardino 1-2 Year Certificate San Joaquin Valley College-Ontaria Community College San Bernardino 1-2 Year Certificate Summit College Community College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate Victor Valley College Community College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate

443

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix E: Workforce Development Programs CCAP Appendix E E-5 October 31, 2025
Table E-6
Workforce Programs for Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
Institution Type County Course/Program
Evolution Mechanical Apprenticeship
Program Apprenticeship Riverside Apprenticeship
Inland Refrigeration JATC Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship San Bernardino & Riverside Co.

Plumbing & Steamfitters Apprenticeship San Bernardino Apprenticeship California State University-San
Bernardino College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate American College of Healthcare and
Technology Community College Riverside 1-2 Year Certificate CET-Coachella Community College Riverside 1-2 Year Certificate College of the Desert Community College Riverside <1 Year Certificate InterCoast Colleges-Riverside Community College Riverside <1 Year Certificate Mayfield College Community College Riverside <1 Year Certificate Norco College Community College Riverside 1-2 Year Certificate Riverside City College Community College Riverside 1-2 Year Certificate San Joaquin Valley College-Rancho
Mirage Community College Riverside <1 Year Certificate UEI-Riverside Community College Riverside 1-2 Year Certificate CET-Colton Community College San Bernardino 1-2 Year Certificate Chaffey College Community College San Bernardino <12 Week Certificate San Bernardino Valley College Community College San Bernardino 1-2 Year Certificate San Joaquin Valley College-Ontario Community College San Bernardino 1-2 Year Certificate Summit College Community College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate UEI College-Ontario Community College San Bernardino 1-2 Year Certificate Victor Valley College Community College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate North American Heating and Air
Conditioning
Private Training
Provider San Bernardino 1-2 Year Certificate
Universal Technical Institute Private Training
Provider San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate

Table E-7
Workforce Programs for Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters Institution Type County Course/Program
Associated Compliance & Training
Apprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Riverside Apprenticeship Advanco Fire Protection, Inc. Apprenticeship
Program Apprenticeship San
Bernardino Apprenticeship
444

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix E: Workforce Development Programs CCAP Appendix E E-6 October 31, 2025
Table E-7
Workforce Programs for Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters Institution Type County Course/Program
Christopherson Fire Protection Apprenticeship San
Bernardino Apprenticeship
Pomona & San Gabriel Valleys Plumbers &
Steamfitters J.A.C. Apprenticeship San
Bernardino Apprenticeship
San Bernardino & Riverside Co. Plumbing &
Steamfitters Apprenticeship San
Bernardino Apprenticeship
Tri County Fire Apprenticeship Program
(Pontolillo, Inc.) Apprenticeship San
Bernardino Apprenticeship
California State University-San Bernardino College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate
Summit College Community
College
San
Bernardino <1 Year Certificate
Victor Valley College Community
College
San
Bernardino <1 Year Certificate

Table E-8
Workforce Programs for Solar Photovoltaic Installers
Institution Type County Course/Program
University of California-Riverside College Riverside <1 Year Certificate California State University-San
Bernardino College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate Mission Career College Community College Riverside <1 Year Certificate Norco College Community College Riverside <1 Year Certificate San Bernardino Valley College Community College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate Victor Valley College Community College San Bernardino <1 Year Certificate Ambassador Energy Solar Training Private Training Provider Riverside <1 Year Certificate GRID Alternatives Private Training Provider Riverside <1 Year Certificate

445

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix F CCAP Appendix F F-1 October 31, 2025
Appendix F. Engagement Summary
This appendix provides an overview of the diverse engagement activities carried out during the development of the PCAP, which informed the CCAP. A variety of engagement activities were employed during development of the PCAP and were expanded on throughout the CCAP development. The focus of the CPRG engagement process was directed towards forging connections with, and gaining feedback from, key stakeholders in San Bernardino and Riverside counties through a number of targeted channels. Alignment with the program's core objectives and timeline remained a guiding principle throughout the engagement process.

Engagement Activities in MSA
Engagement activities included building on SBCOG’s and WRCOG’s regional climate action planning engagement efforts as well as engagement efforts around other, climate-related programs and projects to enhance community-based organization (CBO) reach and input.

Existing CAPs throughout the MSA were reviewed to identify community feedback from priority populations that could be integrated into the CCAP. Engagement activities during PCAP development included focus groups with CBOs, development of a steering committee, participation in municipal meetings and agency committees throughout the region, a regional survey, events with city staff and elected officials, and one-on-one meetings with stakeholders.

PCAP Steering Committee
The PCAP Steering Committee, comprising regional, county, and local agencies, was established to facilitate regional coordination, gather input, and engage with a range of stakeholders and decision-makers during the development of the PCAP (participating agencies are listed in Table F-1 below). Collectively, the agencies in the Steering Committee represent a broad cross- section of the MSA’s population, economy, and regional GHG emissions across a number of sectors. While these agencies represent a range of responsibilities and authorities, they also play a key role in planning and implementing local and regional sustainability efforts that are in alignment with CPRG goals and objectives. In order to garner broader regional feedback, a variety of engagement approaches were used to expand engagement beyond these core agencies.

Table F-1
MS Steering Committee
Level of Government Agencies
Regional Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Coachella Valley Association of Governments (CVAG)
San Bernardino Council of Governments (SBCOG)
Western Riverside Council of Governments (WRCOG)
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD)
Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District (MDAQMD)
County Riverside County
446

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix F CCAP Appendix F F-2 October 31, 2025
Table F-1
MS Steering Committee
Level of Government Agencies
San Bernardino County
Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC)
Riverside Transit Agency
San Bernardino County Transportation Authority (SBCTA)
City The 28 local jurisdictions within Riverside County The 24 local jurisdictions within San Bernardino County Community Based Organizations
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) led engagement and outreach activities in close coordination with key organizations in the MSA, including SBCOG, WRCOG, City of Riverside, and Inland Southern California Climate Collaborative (ISC3). Engagement with regional organizations and collaboratives is facilitating ongoing and future outreach to CBOs in the MSA, listed in Table F-2. Meetings and presentations with the ISC3 and University of California-Riverside (UCR) served to introduce the CPRG program, present GHG reduction strategies, elevate concerns of and for priority populations, and gather feedback for implementing GHG reduction strategies. The ISC3 helped identify key organizations in the region for ongoing engagement in the PCAP and CCAP, as these organizations focus on climate change, climate and environmental justice, social justice, economic development, immigrant justice, health, transit equity, and natural resources.

Table F-2
Engagement with Community-Based Organizations in MSA
Riverside County
Center for Community Action and Environmental Justice
UC Riverside Center for Social Innovation
Citizens United for Resources and the Environment, Inc. (CURE) GRID Alternatives
Riverside Community Services Foundation (RCSF)
Riverside Community Health Foundation
Community Access Center (CAC)
Riverside County Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability Torres Martinez Indian Reservation
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Parkview Legacy Foundation
Riverside Neighbors Opposing Warehouses (R-NOW)
The People's Collective for Environmental Justice
447

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA Comprehensive Climate Action Plan Appendix F CCAP Appendix F F-3 October 31, 2025
Table F-2
Engagement with Community-Based Organizations in MSA
Alianza Coachella Valley
San Bernardino County
Center for Community Action and Environmental Justice
Inland Coalition for Immigrant Justice
Community Climate Connection
Inland Empire Resource Conservation District
Inland Congregation United for Change
Rolling Start, Inc.

El Sol Neighborhood Educational Center (El Sol)
Mary's Mercy Center, Inc.

Inland Empire Biking Alliance
Building Resilient Communities
San Bernardino Community Service Center, Inc.

San Manuel Band of Mission Indians
Inland Southern California Climate Collaborative (ISC3) Chicano Indigenous Community for Culturally Conscious Advocacy and Action (ChiCCCAA) NOTES:
a. Several organizations serve the Inland Empire which includes both Riverside and San Bernardino Counties.

Focus groups with individual CBOs are being planned through March 2024, aligned with the PCAP and CPRG Implementation Grant timeline, and for the duration of the CCAP. The purpose of these focus groups is to inform the plans that will cover all GHG sectors and include a full suite of strategies to meet long-range regional GHG targets and emphasize benefits to low- income and disadvantaged communities. The focus groups will provide important input to this process and towards implementation. The focus groups are engaging organizations specializing in key areas relating to the plans, such as climate change and climate and environmental justice.

Insights from the focus groups helped to finalize the PCAP and was incorporated into implementation grant applications. This feedback also informed the development of the CCAP and further engagement and outreach. To enable participation and respect the time and expertise of the participating CBOs, compensation was offered for the time CBOs invest preparing for and participating in the focus groups.

Engagement with Municipalities and Stakeholder Agencies SCAG actively engaged in municipal meetings and collaborated with agency committees across the region, which facilitated information gathering and feedback from local government staff and elected officials. This approach ensured alignment with regional objectives and helped garner support for regional action on GHG emissions reduction. Meetings and events held with 448

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municipalities and agencies were focused on sharing the goals and timeline of the CPRG program; highlighting the central goal of co-benefits in the CCAP and any successful funding opportunities; and receiving feedback to inform the CCAP.

Additionally, CVAG held a series of monthly meetings with municipalities to update them on the CCAP progress and gather feedback and input on the GHG inventories, forecasts, and emissions reduction measure selection.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
A FAQ was developed to provide information of the CPRG program, answering the most common and frequently asked questions of the program. The FAQ page was distributed to SBCOG and WRCOG and its members, with informational response to questions on the CPRG funding availability, the PCAP and CCAP efforts, how the CPRG activities will build on existing efforts, key priorities for the MSA, key factors for selecting GHG reduction targets, how to access funding opportunities, and how to participate in the process.

Engagement Through Additional Programs and Projects
Additional climate-related projects and programs in the MSA provided a unique opportunity to bolster engagement with IE communities and incorporate input gathered through those processes as it relates to the CCAP. These include advisory groups and climate action conferences that convened during the PCAP planning process or prior to its start. SCAG leveraged connections through the COGs, ISC3, and City of Riverside to bring awareness to the PCAP and CCAP process, share GHG reduction targets and strategies, and gather input to inform the process.

Decarbonization Advisory Group
The City of Riverside convened a group of 60+ regional leaders including universities, the private sector, government, labor, trade organizations, non-profit organizations, public utilities, and community leaders in the area, to discuss decarbonization opportunities. Monthly meetings over 2022 and three public hearings led to the City of Riverside adopting an All-Electric Ordinance for new buildings constructed beginning January 1, 2023, as well as decarbonization and renewable energy studies and capital expenditures by UC Riverside, the City of Riverside, Riverside Community College, the private sector (i.e. Kaiser Permanente, etc.) and other stakeholders.

Climate Resilience Nexus Summit
In January of 2024, over 350 researchers, government officials, and community organization leaders convened at the Southern California headquarters of the CARB in Riverside to discuss climate change adaptation and resilience in the Inland Empire, state, and nation. On the heels of record-setting climate extremes like drought, extreme heat, and wildfires in California, the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research hosted the summit to explore opportunities to create the partnerships necessary to accelerate decarbonization efforts. 449

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Climate Action Conference
In January of 2024, UCR hosted over 200 researchers, government officials, businesses, and community organization representatives to discuss climate change adaptation and resiliency technologies, policies, and actions in the Inland Empire. The conference attendees provided meaningful input and support towards decarbonization efforts in the realms of EV, buildings, and goods movement.

Climate Resilient Jobs for the Future Initiative
The Inland Empire Labor Institute and Plug in IE held their first working group meeting in February 2024, funded by a $75,000 Quality Green Jobs Phase 2 planning grant to convene a roundtable of up to 25 cross-sector partners involved in training for green jobs in the region. The IE region was one of nine selected in the United States. These partners include unions and employers, CBOs providing supportive services, local governments in Riverside and San Bernardino counties, and both regional workforce development boards. Green jobs include all occupations that are emerging, changing, or increasing in demand due to climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Quality Green Jobs Regional Challenge is a multiyear CREST (Climate- Resilient Employees for a Sustainable Tomorrow) initiative led by Jobs for the Future (JFF) that will directly invest nearly $5 million in U.S. communities to develop regional quality green job strategies.

FISTS 2024: 4th IEEE Forum for Innovative Sustainable
Transportation Systems
In February 2024, the Forum for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Sustainability (FISTS) brought over 80 researchers, government officials, business leaders, and stakeholders at UCR’s Center for Environmental Research and Technology for a forum on transformative sustainable transportation systems. The goal of FISTS is to bring together world leaders in Intelligent Transportation Systems with a focus on the environment and sustainability. Papers will cover technological solutions, demonstrations, and policy. Transportation modes for on-road vehicles, transit systems, shared mobility, and freight systems were discussed with program topics focusing on carbon-neutral transportation solutions, decarbonization of goods movement, zero emissions vehicles and infrastructure, and integrated systems toward climate mitigation and adaptation.

Analysis of Existing CAPs
Insights drawn from past planning processes, especially CAPs and other climate-related plans, played a significant role in informing the CPRG and shaping the targets and strategies in the PCAP and CCAP. Using insights and lessons learned from previous efforts serves to leverage best practices during each phase of the planning process, especially as it relates to benefits to LIDACs.

The analysis of existing CAPs in the region has informed the MSA planning process, and showed that over half of WRCOG’s 18 city governments participated in both the 2014 Subregional CAP 450

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and the 2021 update. Seven jurisdictions have also developed or are developing a local CAP, independent of the regional CAP efforts. In SBCOG, all jurisdictions were included in the 2014 Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plan and the 2021 update. Seven jurisdictions in SBCOG have independently prepared, or are preparing, a local CAP.

The regional climate action planning efforts demonstrated extensive engagement processes with agencies, stakeholders, community members, and vulnerable population groups to inform the GHG reduction measures and strategies. Examples of engagement techniques used in the development of these plans included surveys, focus groups, an FAQ sheet, and subregional committee meetings. On the other hand, most older local CAPs did not specifically target priority population benefits, but measures common to these plans have potential to result in direct and indirect benefits to these communities during implementation. Recent CAPs from some jurisdictions, such as Ontario and Apple Valley, prioritize engagement and outreach as a key component for successful implementation of GHG measures. This is especially important for implementing the greatest priority projects from these and other local planning documents, many of which focused on improving commutes through transportation infrastructure upgrades, increasing awareness and access to clean energy, and encouraging active transportation. These actions offer additional opportunities for engagement with LIDACs. The planning and implementation of CAPs within the MSA, coupled with dedicated engagement efforts, provide helpful context as to each community’s priorities around climate action and GHG reduction measures.

Survey and Information Sharing
To further inform the CPRG planning process, SCAG led a survey targeted at local jurisdictions to gather information on their climate action priorities and potential projects for priority implementation. The results were posted on a dedicated CPRG webpage (hosted by SCAG) to inform the PCAP. This also serves as a forum to share local and regional priorities around climate action and justice, and potential projects that could support or be part of regional implementation efforts.

CVAG developed and published a public survey in English and Spanish to gather information on residents and business owners’ climate action priorities. The results were shared with each jurisdiction, which helped to inform measure selection. In total, the CVAG GHG Emissions Community Survey received 675 responses (673 English, 2 Spanish). Key priorities for residents include improving air and water quality (518), cost-effectiveness and savings (452), and GHG reductions (327).

Community Survey Questions
The Community Survey was administered online using Microsoft Forms. The following text presents the language and questions contained within the Community Survey in English and Spanish.

English Version
Share your ideas to minimize greenhouse gas emissions in Coachella Valley. 451

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There are many ways that we as a community and individuals can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Coachella Vally Association of Governments (CVAG) is working with the cities in the Coachella Valley to develop a Comprehensive Climate Action Plan that will include workable strategies that can be implemented locally to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By participating in this 10-minute survey, you will help CVAG and the local cities understand what greenhouse gas reduction projects and community programs matter most to you and your community.

Climate Action Priorities
What factors are most important to you for CVAG and local cities to consider when prioritizing climate projects for funding applications? Please select all that apply
• Greenhouse gas reductions
• Improving air and water quality
• Benefits to low-income and disadvantaged communities
• Increased job opportunities
• Cost-effectiveness and savings (e.g. lower energy bills) • Improving disaster preparedness, safety, and resilience to climate impacts • Other: [Write in option]
How do you think CVAG and local cities should spend money related to sustainability and greenhouse gas reductions?
Please prioritize (1 highest priority, 6 lowest priority) • Implementing energy efficient upgrades or renewable energy in homes, businesses, and public buildings
• Implementing water conservation and clean water projects • Making it easier to get around the city by walking, biking, or public transit • Expanding electric vehicle infrastructure
• Reducing waste/sending less trash to the landfill
• Creating parks, planting trees, providing shade structures etc. • Reducing temperatures in urban areas (also known as the heat island effect) 452

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Are there specific potential emissions-reducing opportunities in your neighborhood or community that you would like to see implemented?
• Yes
o If yes please identify or describe the project, including any information you think we need to know: location, potential partners, how it will benefit your community, etc.
• No
Transportation
What type of transportation do you use most often?
Select top three modes
• Car/Personal Vehicle
• Golf Cart
• Bike
• Walk
• Public Transit
• Rideshare
• Other: [Write in option]
If you drive a car, what kind of car?
• Gas-powered
• Electric-powered
• Hybrid (gas & electric)
• I don’t own a car
If you do not drive an electric vehicle, why not?
• It is too expensive
• I would have no place to charge my car
• There is not enough charging infrastructure throughout Coachella Valley 453

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• I don’t think they are reliable
• Concerned about driving long distances
• N/A, I own an electric vehicle
If you do not take public transportation, why not?
• It takes too long/doesn’t arrive often enough
• It doesn’t take me where I need to go
• I don’t feel safe
• The fare is too expensive
• There are no stops or stations next to me
• Inconsistent departures and/or arrivals
• I don’t know how to navigate the system
• Other:

What would make you consider using alternative modes of transportation (other than a car)?
• More frequent bus service
• Bus stops closer to my home or where I want to go
• Free local shuttle program or discounted public transit passes • More bike lanes and trails, sidewalks, and crosswalks • Electric bikeshare and/or scooter share programs
• More stores and services within walking/biking distance of my home Which of the following programs to reduce transportation greenhouse gas emissions should be the priority in the Coachella Valley?
Please select your top three priorities:
• Increase electric vehicle charging for passenger vehicles • Increase electric vehicle charging for medium and heavy-duty trucks 454

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• Expand bike and pedestrian paths and trails
• Increase local public transit service
• Expand rail service to the Coachella Valley (Coachella Valley – San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service Project)
• Support infill, higher density, and transit-oriented development • Electric vehicle ridesharing
• Promote neighborhood electric vehicles
• Electric bikeshare and/or scooter share programs
• Traffic signal coordination
• Traffic calming
• Congestion pricing/express lanes
• Parking pricing and limitations
• Other:

Buildings and Energy
Which of the following programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings and energy should be the priority in the Coachella Valley? Please select your top three priorities
• Install solar panels on homes, businesses, and government buildings • Install energy efficiency upgrades for homes, businesses, and government buildings including weatherization
• Increase the renewable portfolio of electricity provided to homes, businesses, and government buildings.
• Require homes, businesses, and government buildings to use electric appliances, heating, and cooling, instead of natural gas
• Promote cool roofs and cool pavement to reduce the heat island effect in and around homes and businesses.
• Offer education and resources to help the community learn about renewable energy 455

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• Other:

What challenges or concerns do you face in your current living situation? Please select all that apply
• I don’t have access to air conditioning
• I have an inadequate air conditioner
• My home has mold or poor ventilation
• I am worried about my water quality
• I am worried about my air quality
• I am worried about lead-based paint in my home
• Parts of my home need repairs
• I am concerned about the energy efficiency of my home • I am trying to reduce my utility bills
• Other
How much more would you be willing to pay on your energy bill to power your entire home with zero-emission electricity?
• 0% (I am not willing to pay more)
• 10% increase in cost
• 25% increase in cost
• 50% increase in cost
• Greater than 50% increase in cost
Would you consider installing solar panels on your home if there was a discount or rebate offered?
• Yes
• No
• I don’t know
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• I don’t own my home
Would you consider electrifying your appliances (e.g., water heater, air conditioning, stove) in your home if there was a discount or rebate offered? • Yes
• No
• I don’t know
• I don’t own my home
Waste
Which of the following programs should CVAG focus on to reduce waste? Please select your top three priorities
• Encourage composting at homes and businesses
• Increase compost drop-off locations
• Ban plastic bags and Styrofoam containers
• Increase education and awareness around recycling
• Food share and food waste diversion
• Expand recyclable material collection resources and programs • Other:

Off-Road Equipment
Which of the following programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with off- road equipment should be the priority in the Coachella Valley? Please indicate if any of these should be a priority:
• Require electrification of landscaping equipment
• Prohibit idling more than 3 minutes for off-road vehicles • Require electrification of construction equipment (where feasible) • Require electrification of farming equipment (where feasible) 457

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• Require electric backup power instead of diesel backup generators • Other:

Water
Which of the following programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with water should be the priority in the Coachella Valley?
Please indicate if any of these should be a priority:
• Limiting landscaping to drought-tolerant plants
• Expanded water conservation requirements for new development • Expanded waste conservation requirements for existing development • Increased use of recycled water for non-potable uses
• Water conservation education and outreach
• Other:

Vegetation and Agriculture
Which of the following programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with trees and agriculture should be the priority in the Coachella Valley? Please indicate if any of these should be a priority:
• Planting of urban shade trees
• Community gardens
• Promotion of carbon farming (increasing soil carbon while farming) • Promote on-farm renewable energy generation
• Restoration of degraded natural lands with native vegetation • Prevention of expansion of development into natural vegetated areas • Other:

Demographics and Other Questions
This information helps CVAG keep you updated on the progress of the Comprehensive Climate Action Plan and ensure that survey responses represent all of our diverse community. 458

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Are you interested in receiving updates on the development of CVAG’s comprehensive climate action plan?
• Yes
o If yes, please provide your email address:
• No
Are you a resident, employee, or business owner in the Coachella Valley? Please select all that apply
• Resident
• Employee
• Business Owner
• Other:

If you are a resident or business owner, what city do you reside in or have your business? • <Drop down menu of cities to choose from>
What is your name?
Enter your answer
What is your race/ethnicity?
Please select all that apply
• American Indian/Alaska Native
• Asian
• Black/African American
• Hispanic/Latino
• Middle Eastern/North African
• Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
• White
• Other:
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What is your zip code?
Enter your answer
What is your age?
• Under 25
• 25 to 35
• 35 to 45
• 45 to 55
• 55 and up
Is there anything else you would like to add?
Enter your answer
Thank you for taking the time to share your priorities for GHG reduction projects and programs in the Coachella Valley! We appreciate your time and input.

Spanish Version
Compartir sus ideas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en el Valle de Coachella.

Hay muchas maneras en que nosotros, como comunidad e individuos, podemos reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. La Asociación de Gobiernos del Valle de Coachella (conocido como Coachella Valley Association of Governments, CVAG) está trabajando con las ciudades en el Valle de Coachella para desarrollar un Plan de Acción Climática Integral que incluirá estrategias viables que se pueden implementar localmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Al participar en esta encuesta de diez minutos, ayudaría a CVAG y las cuidades locales a comprender qué proyectos de reducción de gases de efecto invernadero y programas comunitarios son más importantes para usted y su comunidad.

Prioridades de Acción Climática
¿Qué factores son los más importantes para usted que CVAG y las cuidades locales consideran en cuenta a la hora de priorizar los proyectos climáticos para las solicitudes de financiación?
Por favor, seleccione todas que se correspondan.
• Reducción de gases de efecto invernadero
• Mejorar la calidad del aire y del agua
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• Beneficios a las comunidades de bajos ingresos y desfavorecidas • Aumento de las oportunidades laborales
• Rentabilidad y ahorro (por ejemplo, fracturas de energía más bajas) • Mejorar la preparación, la seguridad y la resiliencia ante los impactos climáticas • Otro:
¿Como cree que CVAG y las cuidades deberían gastar el dinero relacionado con la sostenibilidad y la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero? Por favor, priorice (1 prioridad más alta, 6 prioridad más baja) • Implementación de mejoras de eficiencia energética o energía renovable en hogares, empresas, y edificios públicos
• Implementación de proyectos de conservación de agua y agua limpia • Facilitar los desplazamientos por la ciudad a pie, en bicicleta o en transporte público • Ampliación de la infraestructura de vehículos eléctricos • Reducir los residuos/enviar menos basura al vertedero • Crear parques, plantar árboles, proporcionar estructuras de sombra, etcétera. • Reducción de las temperaturas en zonas urbanas (también conocido como efecto isla de calor)
¿Existen oportunidades potenciales específicas de reducción de emisiones en su vecindario o comunidad que le gustaría que se implementaran?
• Si
o En caso afirmativo, identifique o describe el proyecto, incluyendo cualquier información que crea necesitamos saber: ubicación, socios potenciales, como beneficiará a su comunidad, etcétera.
• No
Transporte
¿Qué tipo de transporte utiliza con más frecuencia?
Seleccione las tres prioridades principales:
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• Coche/vehículo personal
• Carrito de golf
• Bicicleta
• Caminar
• Transporte público
• Viajes compartidos, como Lyft, Uber, etc.
• Otro:

Si conduce un coche, ¿qué tipo de coche?
• A gas
• Vehículo eléctrico
• Hibrido (gas y eléctrico)
• No tengo coche
Si usted no conduce un vehículo eléctrico, ¿por qué no? • Es demasiado caro
• No tendría donde cargar mi coche
• No hay suficiente infraestructura de carga en todo el Valle de Coachella • No creo que sean fiables
• Preocupado por conducir largas distancias
• N/A, tengo un vehículo eléctrico
Si no toma transporte público, ¿por qué no?
• Tarda demasiado o no llega con la suficiente frecuencia • No me lleva donde tengo que ir
• No me siento seguro
• La tarifa es demasiado cara
• No hay estaciones ni paradas a mi lado
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• Salidas y/o llegadas inconsistentes
• No sé cómo navegar por el sistema
• Otro
¿Qué le haría considera el uso de los modos de transporte alternativos (que no sean un coche)?
• Servicio de autobús más frecuente
• Las paradas de autobús están más cerca de mi casa o donde quiero ir • Programa de transporte local gratuito o pases de transporte público con descuento • Más carriles para bicicletas y senderos, aceras y cruces peatonales • Programas de bicicletas eléctricas compartidas y/o scooters compartidos • Mas tiendas y servicios a poca distancia de mi casa
¿Cuál de los siguientes programas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero del transporte debería ser la prioridad en el Valle de Coachella? Por favor, seleccione sus tres prioridades principales:
• Aumentar la carga de vehículos eléctricos para vehículos de pasajeros • Aumentar la carga de vehículos eléctricos para camiones medianos y pesados • Ampliar los carriles y senderos para bicicletas y peatones • Aumentar el servicio de transporte público local
• Ampliar el servicio ferroviario al Valle de Coachella (Proyecto de Servicio del Corredor Ferroviario del Valle de Coachella – Paso de San Gorgonio) • Admite relleno, mayor densidad y desarrollo orientado al tránsito • Viajes compartidos en vehículos eléctricos
• Promover los vehículos eléctricos en el vecindario
• Programas de bicicletas eléctricas compartidas y/o scooters compartidos • Coordinación de semáforos
• Pacificación del tráfico
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• carriles rápidos
• Precios y limitaciones del estacionamiento
• Otro:

Edificación y Energía
¿Cuál de los siguientes programas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociadas con los edificios y la energía debería ser la prioridad en el Valle de Coachella? Por favor, seleccione sus tres prioridades principales:
• Instale paneles solares en hogares, negocios y edificios gubernamentales • Instale mejoras de eficiencia energética para hogares, empresas y edificios gubernamentales, incluida la climatización
• Aumentar la cartera de electricidad renovable suministrada a hogares, empresas y edificios gubernamentales.
• Exigir que los hogares, las empresas y los edificios gubernamentales utilicen electrodomésticos, calefacción y refrigeración, en lugar de gas natural. • Promueva techos y pavimentos frescos para reducir el efecto de isla de calor dentro y alrededor de hogares y negocios.
• Ofrecer educación y recursos para ayudar a la comunidad a aprender sobre la energía renovable
• Otro:
¿A qué desafíos o preocupaciones se enfrenta en su situación de vida actual? Por favor, seleccione todas las que correspondan:
• No tengo acceso al aire acondicionado
• Tengo un aire acondicionado inadecuado
• Mi casa tiene moho o mala ventilación
• Estoy preocupado por la calidad de mi agua
• Estoy preocupado por la calidad de mi aire
• Me preocupa la pintura a base de plomo en mi casa
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• Partes de mi casa necesitan reparaciones
• Me preocupa la eficiencia energética de mi hogar
• Estoy tratando de reducir mis facturas de servicios públicos • Otro
¿Cuánto más estaría dispuesto a pagar en su factura de energía para alimentar toda su casa con electricidad de cero emisiones?
• 0% (No estoy dispuesto a pagar más)
• Aumento del 10% en el costo
• Aumento del 25% en el costo
• Aumento del 50% en el costo
• Aumento de más del 50% en el costo
¿Consideraría instalar paneles solares en su hogar si se ofreciera un descuento o reembolso?
• Sí
• No
• No sé
• No soy dueño de mi casa
¿Consideraría electrificar sus electrodomésticos (por ejemplo, calentador de agua, aire acondicionado, estufa) en su hogar si se ofreciera un descuento o reembolso? • Sí
• No
• No sé
• No soy dueño de mi casa
Desperdiciar
¿En cuál de los siguientes programas debería enfocarse CVAG para reducir el desperdicio? Por favor, seleccione sus tres prioridades principales:
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• Fomentar el compostaje en hogares y negocios
• Aumentar los lugares de entrega de compost
• Prohibir las bolsas de plástico y los recipientes de espuma de poliestireno • Aumentar la educación y la concienciación sobre el reciclaje • Distribución de alimentos y desvío de residuos alimentarios • Ampliar los recursos y programas de recolección de materiales reciclables • Otro:

Equipamiento todoterreno
¿Cuál de los siguientes programas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociadas con los equipos todoterreno debería ser la prioridad en el Valle de Coachella? Sírvase indicar si alguna de estas opciones debe ser una prioridad:
• Requerir la electrificación de los equipos de paisajismo • Prohibir el ralentí más de 3 minutos para vehículos todoterreno • Requerir la electrificación de los equipos de construcción (cuando sea posible) • Exigir la electrificación de los equipos agrícolas (cuando sea posible) • Requieren energía eléctrica de respaldo en lugar de generadores de respaldo diésel • Otro:

Agua
¿Cuál de los siguientes programas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociadas con el agua debería ser la prioridad en el Valle de Coachella? Sírvase indicar si alguna de estas opciones debe ser una prioridad:
• Limitar el paisajismo a plantas tolerantes a la sequía • Ampliación de los requisitos de conservación de agua para nuevos desarrollos • Ampliación de los requisitos de conservación de residuos para los desarrollos existentes • Mayor uso de agua reciclada para usos no potables
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• Educación y divulgación sobre la conservación del agua • Otro:

Vegetación y Agricultura
¿Cuál de los siguientes programas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero asociadas con los árboles y la agricultura debería ser la prioridad en el Valle de Coachella? Sírvase indicar si alguna de estas opciones debe ser una prioridad:
• Plantación de árboles de sombra urbanos
• Huertos comunitarios
• Promoción de la agricultura de carbono (aumentar el carbono del suelo durante la agricultura)
• Promover la generación de energía renovable en las explotaciones agrícolas • Restauración de terrenos naturales degradados con vegetación autóctona • Prevención de la expansión del desarrollo a áreas naturales con vegetación • Otro:

Demografía y otras preguntas
Esta información ayuda a CVAG a mantenerlo actualizado sobre el progreso del Plan de Acción Climática Integral y a garantizar que las respuestas de la encuesta representen a toda nuestra comunidad diversa.
¿Está interesado en recibir actualizaciones sobre el desarrollo del plan integral de acción climática de CVAG?
• Sí
o En caso afirmativo, proporcione su dirección de correo electrónico:
• No
¿Es usted residente, empleado o propietario de un negocio en el Valle de Coachella? Por favor, seleccione todas las que correspondan
• Residente
• Empleado
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Staff Report
City Council
Item No. 3.A
Meeting Date: January 28, 2026
From: Anne V. Ambrose, Interim City Manager
Title: Public Employees Appointment Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957(b)
One (1) Position
Title: City Manager
1 1
3 0
3 Staff Report
City Council
Item No. 3.B
Meeting Date: January 28, 2026
From: Asusena Soren, Human Resources Manager
Title: Conference with Labor Negotiator Pursuant to Government Code 54957.6
Labor Negotiator: Algeria Ford, Assistant City Attorney and Asusena Soren, Human Resources Manager
Employee Organizations: American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and Cathedral City Firefighters Association (CCFA)
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NAME 8/6 8/20 9/3 10/15 11/5 11/18 12/3 12/17 1/21 2/4 2/18 3/4 3/18 4/1 4/15 5/6 5/20 6/3 6/17 Roy MacPhail
Rich Malacoff
Peter Bedard
Danny Lee
Danielle Mead
NAME 9/9 10/14 12/9 1/13 2/10 3/10 4/14 5/12 6/9
Kara Robinson
Gregory Marks
Don Stouder
Rick Travis
Craig Liebelt
NAME 9/2 10/7 11/4 12/2 1/6 2/3 3/3 4/7 5/5 6/2
Ashley McGallum
Erin Hyland
Angel Herrera
Mario Jimenez
Antonio Baciu
NAME 7/15 8/19 9/16 10/21 2/17 3/17 4/21 5/19 6/16
Alexandra Heckman
Partick Evans
Charlotte Hunter-Copper
John Rivera
Eri Nox
NAME 7/2 7/16 8/6 9/3 9/17 11/5 2/4 2/18 3/4 3/18 4/1 4/15 5/6 5/20 6/3 6/17 Tanner Hoss
Dean Keefer
Stephen Burchard
John Rivera
Mitchell King
NAME 9/22 TBD % Attended
Antonio Baciu
Rick Saldivar
Danny Lee
Teri Hargreaves
David Leach
44%
COMMISSION/COMMITTEE ATTENDANCE LOG FY 2025/2026

PLANNING COMMISSION
% Attended
47%
47%
42%
47%
47%

PUBLIC ARTS COMMISSION
% Attended
33%
% Attended
33%
44%
33%

PARKS AND COMMUNITY EVENTS COMMISSION
% Attended
50%
40%
30%
50%
50%

HISTORIC PRESERVATION
38%
44%
22%
44%
44%

ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW COMMITTEE
% Attended
25%
38%
31%
38%
Excused Absence
Unexcused Absence

FINANCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE
NOTES:

Canceled meetings not shown
Special Meeting
Inactive
50%
50%
50%
50%
0%
1 CITY COUNCIL

MINUTES
Special Meeting 3:00 PM
Wednesday, January 07, 2026
Study Session Room
68-700 Avenida Lalo Guerrero
Cathedral City, CA 92234

CALL TO ORDER
Mayor Raymond Gregory called the Special Meeting to order at 3:00 p.m.

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
Mayor Pro Tem Ernesto Gutierrez led the Pledge of Allegiance.

ROLL CALL
Council Present:

Raymond Gregory, Mayor
Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
Rita Lamb, Councilmember
Nancy Ross, Councilmember

AGENDA FINALIZATION
There were no changes to the agenda.

1. LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS
A. Appointment to fill the Vacant District Three City Council Seat Recommendation: To review the Letters of Interest submitted by candidates who would like to be considered for the appointment to the vacant District Three City Council seat and make an appointment.

Anne Ambrose, Interim City Manager, provided background regarding the vacancy on the City Council and outlined the qualification and selection process to fill the vacant seat. She reported that the City received twelve letters of interest by the posted deadline, with Joe Camareno formally withdrawing prior to the meeting.

The City Clerk conducted a random sequence generator to determine the order in which the candidates would address the City Council regarding their qualifications and interest in serving on the Council. Each candidate was allotted three minutes to provide remarks. Candidates addressed the Council in the following order:
1 1. Alberto Ruiz

2. Jennifer Novak

3. Teresa Garay

4. Jason Clauson

5. Sunshine Herrera

6. Christina Gordon

7. Ava Dupree-Holmes

8. Stephen Burchard

9. Colby Gregory

10.Raymond Manriquez

11.Daniel Brumer
Public Comments:

Art Gregoire expressed support for Christina Gordon.

Thommy and Michael Kocan expressed support for Christina Gordon.

Shelley Kaplan commended the City Council and the candidates. He expressed the importance of appointing a new City Manager and maintaining priorities.

Alan Carvalho thanked staff for the way in which the meeting was conducted and expressed his appreciation for the Council and the candidates.

Erik Castillo expressed support for Colby Gregory.

Danny Lee expressed support for Colby Gregory and Christina Gordon.

Rita Gonzales discussed what she would like to see in the City and requested clarification on the qualifications to fill the vacant seat.

Joe Camareno expressed support for Christina Gordon.

Kara Robinson expressed support for Christina Gordon.

Shauna McGloin expressed support for Raymond Manriquez.

The following written comments were received for the record:

Danielle Mead expressed support for Colby Gregory.

Eri Nox expressed support for Stephen Burchard and Sunshine Herrera.

The City Council took a brief recess at 4:09 p.m.

The City Council reconvened at 4:18 p.m.

The City Council engaged in discussion regarding the candidates and the next steps in the selection process. After discussion, it was the consensus of the City Council to direct questions to Colby Gregory and Christina Gordon.

Each candidate was asked the same questions and was allotted three minutes to respond to each question. Colby Gregory and Christina Gordon responded to 2 the questions as presented by the City Council.

M.O. 2026-01
A motion was made by Mayor Pro Tem Gutierrez and seconded by Councilmember Lamb to appoint Christina Gordon to the District Three City Council seat with a term expiring in November 2026.

RESULT: PASS
MOVER: Ernesto Gutierrez, Councilmember
SECONDER: Rita Lamb, Councilmember
AYES: Ross, Gregory, Gutierrez, Lamb
The City Council took a brief recess at 4:50 p.m.

The City Council reconvened at 4:57 p.m.

Christina Burton, City Clerk, administered the Oath of Office to Christina Gordon.

2. CLOSED SESSION
A. Public Employees Appointment Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957(b)
One (1) Position
Title: City Manager
Recommendation: There is no staff recommendation.

Eric Vail, City Attorney, announced that the City Council will meet in Closed Session to discuss item 2.A. listed on the agenda.

The City Council recessed into Closed Session at 5:15 p.m.

The City Council reconvened at 7:45 p.m.

The City Council completed discussion on item 2.A and there was no reportable action taken by the City Council.

ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Raymond Gregory adjourned the meeting at 7:45 p.m.

Mayor, City of Cathedral City City Clerk, City of Cathedral City 3 CITY COUNCIL

MINUTES
Study Session 3:00 PM
Regular Meeting 5:30 PM
Wednesday, January 14, 2026
City Council Chambers
68-700 Avenida Lalo Guerrero
Cathedral City, CA 92234

CALL TO ORDER
Mayor Raymond Gregory called the Study Session portion of the meeting to order at 3:00 p.m.

ROLL CALL
Council Present:

Raymond Gregory, Mayor
Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
Rita Lamb, Councilmember
Nancy Ross, Councilmember
Christina Gordon, Councilmember

AGENDA FINALIZATION
There were no changes to the agenda.

1. PUBLIC COMMENTS
The following written comment was received for the record:

David Bernard provided a summary of C4’s odor monitoring and odor-control efforts.

2. STUDY SESSION
A. Sarah Street Area Assessment District Formation Project - Phase 2A Results
Recommendation: This item is presented to the City Council to provide an update on the Phase 2A results of the Sarah Street Assessment District Project for discussion, information, and direction from the Council.

Mayor Raymond Gregory and Councilmember Rita Lamb recused themselves from the discussion of this item.

4 Andrew Lee, Assistant Engineer, provided a presentation on the Sarah Street Area Assessment District Formation Project- Phase 2A Results.

The following points were presented:
Sarah Street Assessment District - Initial Locations
Assessment District Formation Flow Chart
Sarah Street Assessment District - Background
Sarah Street Assessment District - Phase 2A
Phase 2A – Agua Caliente Trail Area
Phase 2A – Sarah Street Area
Phase 2A – Bochner Family Property
Phase 2A - Reduced Scope
Phase 2A – Willdan Engineering
Mike Medve, Wildan Engineering, provided a presentation on the Sarah Street Area Assessment District Formation- Phase 2A Preliminary Estimates.

The following points were presented:
Overview
Assessment District Budgetary Costs
Budgetary Construction Cost Estimate
Phase 2A – Completed Tasks
The City Council asked clarifying questions, which were responded to by staff.

The following written comment was received for the record:

Sunshine Herrera provided comments related to the process of Assessment Districts.

This item was a presentation only, and there was no formal action taken by the City Council.

B. Cathedral City Auto Center SWOT Analysis
Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council receive and file the Cathedral City Auto Center SWOT analysis and provide direction on the areas of focus that Council would like staff to explore as part of future planning and capital improvement discussions.

Mayor Raymond Gregory and Councilmember Rita Lamb returned for the discussion of this item.

Ken Hira and Mike Lee, Kosmont, provided a presentation on the Cathedral City Auto Center SWOT Analysis.

The following points were presented:

Introduction
5 Executive Summary
Competition
5-Year Motor Vehicle Retail Sale Growth
SWOT
Statewide New Vehicle Sales Data
Incentive Programs
Cathedral City Incentive Programs
Marketing Strategies
Infrastructure Improvement Strategies
Direct Support Strategies
Implementation Priorities
The City Council provided feedback and asked clarifying questions related to the intent of the presentation and analysis, which were responded to by staff and the Kosmont representatives.

Public Comments:

Andy Jessup, Cathedral City Auto Center, discussed the Cathedral City Auto Center’s need for updates and collaboration with the City.

The following written comment was received for the record:

Sunshine Herrera offered suggestions to consider before advancing on future proposals.

This item was a presentation only, and there was no formal action taken by the City Council.

C. 2025 Annual Code Compliance Review
Recommendation: Staff recommends that the City Council receive and file the 2025 Code Compliance annual review and provide any feedback or direction as appropriate regarding ongoing and future Code Compliance programs and initiatives.

Justin Gardner, Code Compliance Manager, provided a presentation on the 2025 Annual Code Compliance Review.

The following points were presented:
2025 at a Glance
Reporting Statistics
Public Reporting
Code Compliance Caseload
CityDetect on our Streets
CityDetect in the Office
Citation Statistics
Growing Cannabis Compliance
Cannabis Reporting via EnviroSuite
Sidewalk Vending in Cathedral City
Shopping Cart Roundup
Vacation Rentals
6 Pride and Ownership
Future Goals for Code Compliance
The City Council asked clarifying questions, which were responded to by staff.

Public Comments:

Janet Ream expressed concern with the EnviroSuite reporting system.

This item was a presentation only, and there was no formal action taken by the City Council.

D. Winter/Spring 2026 Special Events Preview
Recommendation: This is for presentation purposes only.

This item was heard at the end of the Regular Meeting.

Ryan Hunt, Communications and Events Manager, provided an overview of the Winter, and Spring 2026 Special Events.

The following points were presented:

Coachella Valley’s Battle in the Desert
Howl-O-Ween 2025
Halloween Spooktacular
Palm Springs Pride Parade
Cathedral City International Hot Air Balloon Festival
Feliz Navi-Dog & SnowFest 2025
Palm Springs International Film Festival
Yoga in the Amphitheater
Mary Nutter Collegiate Classic
Cathedral City LGBT+ Days
Taste of Jalisco Festival
More 2026 Events
The City Council asked clarifying questions, which were responded to by staff.

This item was a presentation only, and there was no formal action taken by the City Council.

3. CLOSED SESSION
A. Conference with Legal Counsel - Existing Litigation Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9 (d) (1) - One (1) Matter Case Name: Anthony K. Aragon and Margo E. Blessing v. City of Cathedral City
Case No: CVPS2204243
Recommendation: There is no staff recommendation.

B. Conference with Real Property Negotiations Pursuant to Government Code 54956.8 Property Location: 68010 Ramon Road, Cathedral City, CA 7 92234 A.P.N. 678-210-041 Under Negotiation: Price and Terms Negotiating Parties: City of Cathedral City and Marwan Jizrawi Recommendation: There is no staff recommendation.

The following written comment was received for the record:

Sunshine Herrera provided comments related to the process of reporting out of Closed Session.

C. Conference with Labor Negotiator Pursuant to Government Code 54957.6
Labor Negotiator: Algeria Ford, Assistant City Attorney and Asusena Soren, Human Resources Manager
Employee Organizations: American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and Cathedral City Firefighters Association (CCFA)
Recommendation: There is no staff recommendation.

Eric Vail, City Attorney, announced that the City Council will meet in Closed Session to discuss the items listed under Closed Session on the agenda.

The City Council recessed into Closed Session at 4:56 p.m.

The City Council reconvened at 5:38 p.m.

City Attorney Vail announced that the City Council met in Closed Session and reported the following:
Item 2.A – Council provided direction and there was no reportable action
Item 2.B – Will be heard at the end of Regular Meeting Item 2.C – Council provided direction and there was no reportable action
Mayor Gregory adjourned the Study Session portion of the meeting at 5:38 p.m.

RECESS
REGULAR MEETING - 5:30 PM

CALL TO ORDER
Mayor Raymond Gregory called the Regular Meeting to order at 5:39 p.m.

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
Mayor Pro Tem Ernesto Gutierrez led the Pledge of Allegiance.

INVOCATION (MOMENT OF REFLECTION)
Councilmember Nancy Ross provided the Invocation.
8 ROLL CALL
Council Present:

Raymond Gregory, Mayor
Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
Rita Lamb, Councilmember
Nancy Ross, Councilmember
Christina Gordon, Councilmember

AGENDA FINALIZATION
Item 2.D from the Study Session portion of the meeting was heard at the end of the Regular meeting.

SPECIAL PRESENTATION – Lift to Rise
Ian Gabriel, Director of Collective Impact, provided a presentation on Lift to Rise.

1. PUBLIC COMMENTS
Janet Ream expressed her concern with the C4 Facility and cannabis odor.

Antonio Baciu would like the City to consider a ban on backyard animal breeding.

Christine Anderson expressed her concern with cannabis odor.

Jay Seller, CVRep, expressed the need to explore collaborated solutions for a safe drop off area at CVRep.

Danny Lee discussed suicide rates and prevention.

2. COUNCIL REPORTS
Councilmember Christina Gordon thanked staff for their support during her transition into her new role.

Councilmember Nancy Ross reported on the following:
Her participation in the interview process for the District Three Council seat Her attendance at the Palm Springs International Film Festival festivities The party she will be hosting
Her attendance at a neighborhood meeting
Her attendance at the Mosquito and Vector Control Board meeting Her attendance at two parties
Councilmember Rita Lamb reported on the following:
She welcomed Councilmember Christina Gordon
The upcoming City Manager Interviews
Her attendance at the Palm Springs International Film Festival festivities The Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy activities
The upcoming Emergency Preparedness event
The upcoming Strategic Planning Session
Antonio Baciu in the Desert Sun
9 The passing of Interim Police Chief’s mother
Mayor Pro Tem Ernesto Gutierrez Reported on the following:
The funeral he attended for a family member
His attendance at the Celebration of Life for Mark Carnevale His attendance at SnowFest
His previous experience as Santa for the day
His attendance at the Last Call retirement celebration for Police Chief George Crum
His participation as a volunteer at the Salvation Army The Coachella Valley Conservation Committee activities Mayor Raymond Gregory reported on the following:

He wished everyone a Happy New Year
His attendance at the Celebration of Life for Mark Carnevale His attendance at the Last Call retirement celebration for Police Chief George Crum
The recent Special Meeting where Councilmember Gordon was appointed His attendance at SnowFest
His attendance at the Palm Springs International Film Festival festivities His attendance at the Visit Greater Palm Springs meeting and holiday event His attendance at the Riverside County Transportation Commission meeting His attendance at the Annual Hanukkah event at Boomers His attendance at the Shop with Firefighter event
His attendance at Bow Wow Ball at Boozehounds
His attendance at the Desert Business New Years Celebration His attendance at the grand opening of Mark’s Burgers
His attendance at the brunch with Maricahi Arcoiris
His attendance at Dinner with Patsi
The upcoming Martin Luther King Day Holiday
The upcoming Sinfonica de Mineria Palm Springs Philharmonic The upcoming regular City Council meeting

3. CONSENT AGENDA
A. Waive Full Reading of Ordinances on Agenda
Recommendation: Waive Full Reading of Ordinances on Agenda M.O. 2026-02
B. Commissioner/Committee Member Attendance Record
Recommendation: Receive and File
M.O. 2026-03
C. Approval of the December 10, 2025 Special City Council meeting minutes and the December 10, 2025 Study Session and Regular meeting minutes. 10 Recommendation: To approve the December 10, 2025 Special City Council meeting minutes and the December 10, 2025 Study Session and Regular meeting minutes.

M.O. 2026-04
D. Check Demand - December 2025
Recommendation: Receive and File
M.O. 2026-05
E. Notice of Completion for the SB 821 - Perez Road Class IV Separated Bikeway Project (C08673)
Recommendation: To accept and approve the Senate Bill (SB) 821 - Perez Road Class IV Separated Bikeway Project (C08673) as complete; authorize the City Manager to execute and file a Notice of Completion with the Riverside County Recorder's Office; and authorize the release of retention funds to Union Pavement Services (UPS), Inc., upon expiration of the notice of completion.

M.O. 2026-06
F. Notice of Completion for the SB 821 - Whispering Palms Trail Class III Bike Route Project (C08672)
Recommendation: To accept and approve the Senate Bill (SB) 821 - Whispering Palms Trail Class III Bike Route Project (C08672) as complete; authorize the City Manager to execute and file a notice of completion (NOC) with the Riverside County Recorder’s Office; and authorize the release of retention funds to Granite Construction Company upon expiration of the notice of completion.

M.O. 2026-07
G. Amendment No. 2 to the Professional Services Agreement with MSA Consulting, Inc. for Design of Date Palm Drive between Interstate 10 and Varner Road Project (CIP No. C08671).

Recommendation: Approve Amendment No. 2 to the Professional Services Agreement with MSA Consulting, Inc., for the Date Palm Drive Widening Project (CIP No. C08671) between Interstate 10 and Varner Road, extending the agreement term by six (6) months, retroactive from December 28, 2025, through June 28, 2026, to complete project design and permitting; and authorize the City Manager to execute the amendment.

M.O 2026-08
H. Approval of a Resolution to Summarily Vacate unused five-foot wide Public Utility Easements (PUEs) on Lots 66 and 67 and a portion of Lot 68 of Desert Retreat Estates, and on Lots 56 and 57 of Cathy Estates, located north of Dinah Shore Drive, between Cathedral Canyon Drive and Wishing Well Drive (Vacation No. 2025-01).
11 Recommendation: City Council make the required findings contained in the Resolution, approve and adopt the Resolution summarily vacating all City and public interests in the five-foot wide Public Utility Easements (PUEs) on Lots 66 and 67 and a portion of Lot 68 of Desert Retreat Estates, and on Lots 56 and 57 of Cathy Estates, located north of Dinah Shore Drive, between Cathedral Canyon Drive and Wishing Well Drive.

Reso 2026-01
I. Approve a Resolution Adopting an Updated City-Wide Salary Schedule Recommendation: To adopt a resolution approving city-wide publicly available pay schedules in compliance with California Code of Regulations, Title 2, Sections 570.5, 571, and 571.1. This resolution will supersede all previous resolutions regarding job classifications and compensation levels to the extent they conflict with this new recommendation.

The following written comment was received for the record:

Sunshine Herrera requested clear communication to the public related to salary schedule updates.

Reso 2026-02
A motion was made by Mayor Pro Tem Gutierrez and seconded by Councilmember Lamb to approve the consent agenda.

RESULT: PASS
MOVER: Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
SECONDER: Rita Lamb, Councilmember
AYES: Ross, Gregory, Gutierrez, Lamb, Gordon

4. PUBLIC HEARINGS
A. Zoning Ordinance Amendment 25-0001, Conditional Use Permit Revision 25-0003 and Administrative Variance 25-0006 – A proposal of King’s Schools of the Desert to amend the Zoning Ordinance to allow schools in the RR (Resort Residential) zone district to construct an additional 36,170 square feet of school facilities; and allow a 10% increase in building height for the gym building component of the Project located at 67675 Bolero Road (APNs 681-310-019 and -040).

Recommendation: Find the Project exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), pursuant to Section 15162 of the CEQA Guidelines, introduce an ordinance approving Zoning Ordinance Amendment 25-0001, and Conditional Use Permit Revision 25-0003 and Administrative Variance 25- 0006.

Dominique Camps, Associate Planner, provided a presentation on the proposed Zoning Ordinance Amendment 25-0001, Conditional Use Permit Revision 25-0003 and Administrative Variance 25-0006.

The City Council asked clarifying questions, which were responded to by staff. 12 Mayor Raymond Gregory opened the Public Hearing to hear from the Applicant and receive public comments, seeing none, he closed the Public Hearing and returned discussion to the City Council.

M.O. 2026-09

A motion was made by Mayor Pro Tem Gutierrez and seconded by Councilmember Ross to find the project exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), pursuant to Section 15162 of the CEQA Guidelines, introduce an ordinance approving Zoning Ordinance Amendment 25-0001, and Conditional Use Permit Revision 25-0003 and Administrative Variance 25-0006.

RESULT: PASS
MOVER: Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
SECONDER: Nancy Ross, Councilmember
AYES: Ross, Gregory, Gutierrez, Lamb, Gordon
B. Adoption of Local Implementing Provisions for the Short-Term Rental Facilitator Act of 2025 (SB 346)
Recommendation: Staff recommends the City Council introduce for first reading, read by title only, and waive further reading of an ordinance adding Section 5.96.090 to Chapter 5.96 of Title 5 of the Cathedral City Municipal Code to implement the Short-Term Rental Facilitator Act of 2025 (SB 346), and direct staff to return for second reading and adoption.

Justin Gardner, Code Compliance Manager, provided a presentation on the proposed adoption of Local Implementing Provisions for the Short-Term Rental Facilitator Act 2025 (SB 346).

Mayor Raymond Gregory opened the Public Hearing to receive public comments.

Public Comments:

Patty Hagadorn discussed the improvement in short-term vacation rentals activity and thanked the City.

Mayor Gregory closed the Public Hearing and returned discussion to the City Council.

M.O. 2026-10

A motion was made by Councilmember Ross and seconded
by Councilmember Lamb to introduce for first reading, read by title only, and waive further reading of an ordinance adding Section 5.96.090 to Chapter 5.96 of Title 5 of the Cathedral City Municipal Code to implement the Short-Term Rental Facilitator Act of 2025 (SB 346), and direct staff to return for second reading and adoption.

RESULT: PASS
13 MOVER: Nancy Ross, Councilmember
SECONDER: Rita Lamb, Councilmember
AYES: Ross, Gregory, Gutierrez, Lamb, Gordon

5. LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS
A. FY 2025/2026 Budget Status Update, Quarter One
Recommendation: This item is presented for information, discussion and direction only.

Kevin Biersack presented the FY 2025/2026 Budget Status update for quarter one.

The City Council asked clarifying questions, which were responded to by staff.

The following written comment was received for the record:

Sunshine Herrera requested clarification related to the budget update and requested a future study session item to discuss Measure W.

This item was a presentation only, and there was no formal action taken by the City Council.

B. Award a Professional Services Agreement to Iteris, Inc. to Update and Revalidate the Local Roadway Safety Plan
Recommendation: Award a Professional Services Agreement to Iteris, Inc. in a not-to-exceed amount of $49,908.07 for the update and revalidation of the city’s Local Roadway Safety Plan (LRSP), as required by the California Department of Transportation, and approve a 10% contingency for unforeseeable costs totaling $4,990.80, thereby, bringing the total Project budget to $54,898.87, and authorize the City Manager to execute the Agreement and required contract documents.

Public Comments:

Danny Lee reported on the statistics and benefits of roundabouts.

M.O. 2026-11
A motion was made by Councilmember Lamb and seconded by Mayor Pro Tem Gutierrez to award a Professional Services Agreement to Iteris, Inc. in a not-to-exceed amount of $49,908.07 for the update and revalidation of the city’s Local Roadway Safety Plan (LRSP), as required by the California Department of Transportation, and approve a 10% contingency for unforeseeable costs totaling $4,990.80, thereby, bringing the total Project budget to $54,898.87, and authorize the City Manager to execute the Agreement and required contract documents.

RESULT: PASS
MOVER: Rita Lamb, Councilmember
SECONDER: Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
AYES: Ross, Gregory, Gutierrez, Lamb, Gordon
14 The City Council recessed at 7:30 p.m.

The City Council reconvened at 7:40 p.m.

C. Retired Annuitant Appointment - Interim Deputy Fire Chief (Stephen Tumir)
Recommendation: Staff recommends City Council adopt a Resolution authorizing an exception to the CalPERS 180-day waiting period pursuant to Government Code sections 7522.56 and 21221(h), thereby allowing the City to appoint Stephen Tumir as a retired annuitant in the interim position of Deputy Fire Chief, effective January 18, 2026.

The City Council expressed concern related to the process of this appointment and asked clarifying questions, which were responded to by staff.

The following written comment was received for the record:

Sunshine Herrera requested clarification on the process of this proposed appointment.

Reso 2026-03
A motion was made by Councilmember Lamb and seconded by Mayor Pro Tem Gutierrez to adopt a Resolution authorizing an exception to the CalPERS 180-day waiting period pursuant to Government Code sections 7522.56 and 21221(h), thereby allowing the City to appoint Stephen Tumir as a retired annuitant in the interim position of Deputy Fire Chief, effective January 18, 2026.

RESULT: PASS
MOVER: Rita Lamb, Councilmember
SECONDER: Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
AYES: Gregory, Gutierrez, Lamb, Gordon
NOES: Ross
D. Update on the Public Arts Commission Activities
Recommendation: To hear a report on the current activities of the Public Arts Commission.

Mayor Raymond Gregory requested that an art piece be installed at the entrance of the Panorama Dog Park and that the proposal be shared with the Public Arts Commission.

6. DISCUSSION ON FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
There was no discussion on future agenda items.

7. CLOSED SESSION
Eric Vail, City Attorney, announced that the City Council would meet in Closed Session to discuss item 2.B.

The City Council recessed into Closed Session at 9:01 p.m. 15 The City Council reconvened at 9:23 p.m.

The City Attorney announced that the City Council completed discussion on item 2.B. and there was no reportable action taken.

ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Raymond Gregory adjourned the meeting at 9:24 p.m.

Mayor, City of Cathedral City City Clerk, City of Cathedral City 16 CITY COUNCIL

MINUTES
Special Meeting 8:00 AM
Tuesday, January 20, 2026
Cimarron Golf Resort
Lobby
67603 30th Ave
Cathedral City, CA 92234

CALL TO ORDER
Mayor Raymond Gregory called the meeting to order at 8:07 a.m.

ROLL CALL
Council Present:

Raymond Gregory, Mayor
Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
Rita Lamb, Councilmember
Nancy Ross, Councilmember
Christina Gordon, Councilmember

AGENDA FINALIZATION
There were no changes to the agenda.

1. CLOSED SESSION
A. Public Employees Appointment Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957(b)
One (1) Position
Title: City Manager
The City Council recessed into Closed Session at 8:08 a.m.

The City Council reconvened at 4:42 p.m.

The City Council completed discussion on item 1.A. and there was no reportable action taken by the City Council.

ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Raymond Gregory adjourned the meeting at 4:42 p.m.

Mayor, City of Cathedral City City Clerk, City of Cathedral City 17 CITY COUNCIL

MINUTES
Special Meeting 1:00 PM
Wednesday, January 21, 2026
Cimarron Golf Resort
Lobby
67603 30th Ave
Cathedral City, CA 92234

CALL TO ORDER
Mayor Raymond Gregory called the Special Meeting to order at 1:00 p.m.

ROLL CALL
Council Present:

Raymond Gregory, Mayor
Ernesto Gutierrez, Mayor Pro Tem
Rita Lamb, Councilmember
Christina Gordon, Councilmember
Nancy Ross, Councilmember

AGENDA FINALIZATION
There were no changes to the agenda.

1. CLOSED SESSION
A. Public Employees Appointment Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957(b)
One (1) Position
Title: City Manager
The City Council recessed into Closed Session at 1:01 p.m.

The City Council reconvened at 4:33 p.m.

The City Council completed discussion on item 1.A. and there was no reportable action taken by the City Council.

ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Raymond Gregory adjourned the meeting at 4:33 p.m.

Mayor, City of Cathedral City City Clerk, City of Cathedral City 18 Staff Report
City Council
Item No. 3.D
Meeting Date: January 28, 2026
From: Christina Burton, City Clerk
Title: Council Appointments to Various Local Agencies
RECOMMENDATION:

To review the list of Agency Assignments, ratify the appointments and direct the City Clerk to notify the agencies of the respective appointments.

BACKGROUND:

Each year, at the first meeting in December, the City Council reviews the list of Local Agency Assignments in the event any changes need to be made due to schedule changes and/or Council changes due to an election. On December 10, 2025, the City Council ratified the assignments with some assignments marked as TBD due to the vacant District Three seat.

DISCUSSION:

With the appointment of Councilmember Christina Gordon to the District Three seat on January 7, 2026, staff requests City Council review and ratify the updated draft Agency Assignments list. Below is a list of local agencies and other assignments contained in the draft list, which is attached for your review.

List of Local Agencies and Other Assignments:

Coachella Valley Association of Governments Executive Committee* Coachella Valley Association of Governments Conservation Commission Coachella Valley Association of Governments Energy & Sustainability Committee Coachella Valley Association of Governments Homeless Committee Coachella Valley Association of Governments Public Safety Committee Coachella Valley Association of Governments Transportation Committee Coachella Valley Animal Campus
Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Board of Trustees Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy Board
Greater Palm Springs Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB)* Riverside County Transportation Commission
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)*
1 SunLine Transit Agency
Palm Springs Unified School District 2x2 Sub-Committee
Tri-Cities 2x2 (PS, DHS, CC)
Community Assistance Program
Coachella Valley Water District 2x2 Sub-Committee
Parks and Community Events Commission Communications Liaison Public Arts Commission Liaison
Historic Preservation Commission Liaison
Coachella Valley Conservation Commission Trails Management Sub-Committee SB 1383 Recycling Compliance
Sphere of Influence (Palm Desert) 2x2 Sub-Committee
*Indicates the Mayor typically represents the City, however, it is not required.

FISCAL IMPACT:

There is no Fiscal Impact with this item.

FIVE-YEAR STRATEGIC PLAN:

Not applicable.

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Draft List of Local Agency Assignments
2 City Council
Local Agency Assignments
Draft 2026
Committee Meeting Location & Time Representative Alternate Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Executive Committee
Last Monday of each month at 4:30 p.m.

CVWD Steve Robbins Administration Building Training
Room, 75515 East Hovely Lane, Palm Desert
$125.00 per meeting
Raymond Gregory* Ernesto Gutierrez
Coachella Valley Association of Governments
General Assembly
Last Monday in June at 6:00 p.m.

Location TBD
Entire Council
Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Conservation Commission
Second Thursday of each month at 10:30 a.m.

CVWD Steve Robbins Administration Building Training
Room, 75515 East Hovely Lane, Palm Desert
$100.00 per meeting
Ernesto Gutierrez Rita Lamb
Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Energy & Sustainability Committee
Second Thursday of each month at noon
CVWD Steve Robbins Administration Building Training
Room, 75515 East Hovely Lane, Palm Desert
$100.00 per meeting
Nancy Ross Rita Lamb
Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Homeless Committee
Third Wednesday of each month at 10:00 a.m.

CVWD Steve Robbins Administration Building Training
Room, 75515 East Hovely Lane, Palm Desert
$100.00 per meeting
Christina Gordon Raymond Gregory
Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Public Safety Committee
Second Monday of each month at 9:00 a.m.

CVWD Steve Robbins Administration Building Training
Room, 75515 East Hovely Lane, Palm Desert
$100.00 per meeting
Rita Lamb Christina Gordon
Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Transportation Committee
First Monday of each month at 10:00 a.m.

CVWD Steve Robbins Administration Building Training
Room, 75515 East Hovely Lane, Palm Desert
$100.00 per meeting
Raymond Gregory Ernesto Gutierrez
Coachella Valley Animal Campus First Thursday of every three months at 9:30 a.m.

Coachella Valley Animal Campus
72-050 Pet Land Place, Thousand Palms
Nancy Ross Ernesto Gutierrez
3 Coachella Valley Mosquito & Vector Control
Board of Trustees
760 342-8287 (700 Form)
Second Tuesday of each month at 6:00 p.m.
43-420 Trader Place, Administration Building
Indio, CA 92201
$100.00 per meeting
Nancy Ross
2 Year Term
Expires 12-31-2026
No Alternate
Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy Board Second Monday of every other month at 3:00 p.m.

CVWD Steve Robbins Administration Building Training
Room, 75515 East Hovely Lane, Palm Desert
January 10, March 14, May 9 July 11, September 12,
November 14
$75.00 per meeting
Rita Lamb Christina Gordon
Greater Palm Springs Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB) Fourth Friday at 8:00 a.m. 70100 Highway 111 Rancho Mirage
Raymond Gregory* Ernesto Gutierrez
League of California Cities
Riverside County Division General Membership Meeting
Second Monday of every other month generally begins at
5:30 p.m. Location Changes each meeting.

Entire Council and Staff
Riverside County Transportation Commission Second Wednesday of each month at 9:30 a.m. 4080 Lemon Street, Riverside
$100.00 per meeting, not to exceed $400.00 per month
Raymond Gregory Ernesto Gutierrez
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Raymond Gregory* Ernesto Gutierrez SunLine Transit Fourth Wednesday of each month at noon
32505 Harry Oliver Trail, Thousand Palms
$75.00 per Joint Board Meetings
$25.00 per Committee/Ad Hoc Meetings
(Not to exceed $150.00 per month)
Nancy Ross Raymond Gregory
Committee Meeting Location & Time Representatives
Palm Springs Unified School District 2X2 Sub-Committee Quarterly City Hall, Upstairs Conference Room
Ernesto Gutierrez Rita Lamb
Tri-Cities 2x2 (PS, DHS, CC) Quarterly – Location rotates Ernesto Gutierrez Raymond Gregory Community Assistance Program Once per year to review Community Assistance Program Applications and make recommendations of funding
approval to Council.

Nancy Ross Raymond Gregory
Coachella Valley Water District 2X2 Sub-Committee Twice per year to discuss matters of mutual interest. Raymond Gregory Ernesto Gutierrez Parks and Community Events Liaison Every Other Month Raymond Gregory Ernesto Gutierrez Public Arts Commission Liaison As Needed Rita Lamb Christina Gordon Historic Preservation Commission Liaison As Needed Christina Gordon Rita Lamb Coachella Valley Conservation Commission Trails
Management Sub-Committee
Third Wednesday of every other month, September through May at 1:30 p.m.

Ernesto Gutierrez PACE Commissioner
TBD
SB 1383 Recycling Compliance As Scheduled Christina Gordon Nancy Ross Sphere of Influence (Palm Desert) 2X2 Sub-Committee As Scheduled Raymond Gregory Ernesto Gutierrez *Mayor Represents 1/2026
4 Staff Report
City Council
Item No. 3.E
Meeting Date: January 28, 2026
From: John A. Corella, Director of Public Works
Title: Approval of the Parks and Community Events Commission Support of the Esperanza Park Community Health Fair – 2026
RECOMMENDATION:

To approve $500 from the Parks and Community Events Commission (PACE) FY 2025–2026 PACE Small Events Budget to support the Esperanza Park Community Health Fair event for February 2026.

BACKGROUND:

The Parks and Community Events Commission (PACE) continues to support programs and events that enhance quality of life, promote community engagement, and expand access to services for Cathedral City residents. As part of the approved Fiscal Year 2025–2026 budget, PACE was allocated $10,000 annually to support small-scale community events held in city parks. This may include services and/or materials, or a combination thereof, related to the event to assist in the event’s success. All events initiated to receive funding from this budget item are first vetted by the PACE and upon PACE’s favorable recommendation, these events are then brought before the City Council for final approval of funding.

At the January 6, 2026, PACE meeting, the Commissioners reviewed and approved the proposed Esperanza Park Community Health Fair event and recommended the City Council approve $500 in funding to support the event for incidentals. The event was sponsored by Commissioner Mario Jimenez, who brought the proposal forward for the Commission’s consideration.

The Esperanza Park Community Health Fair is intended to provide residents with free access to health services, wellness education, and community resources, with an emphasis on underserved populations.
1 DISCUSSION:

The Esperanza Park Community Health Fair will take place on Saturday, February 21, 2026, from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.

The event will focus on health, wellness, and expanding access to care for the community.

Planned services and activities include:

Free health screenings and wellness education
Community resource information and referrals
Food box distribution
Family-friendly activities
Raffles and prizes

The event is being held in partnership with the Desert Healthcare District and Foundation, Desert Recreation District, and the Cathedral City Parks and Community Events Commission.

PACE formally approved the event at its January 6, 2026, meeting, and recommended City Council approval of $500 in funding to support the event. The January PACE Staff Report for the Esperanza Community Health Fair is attached to this staff report.

PACE FY 2025-2026
PACE Budget $10,000
Howl-O-Ween Dog Contest Panorama Oct 2025 $0 exp Requested $100
Feliz Navi Dog Contest Esperanza Dec 2025 $0 exp Requested $300
Yoga in the Park Amphitheater Jan-March 2026 $3,000
Available PACE Budget $7,000
Community Health Fair Esperanza Jan 2026 $500 Pending
Approval
Remaining PACE Budget $6,500
FISCAL IMPACT:

The Esperanza Park Community Health Fair was approved by PACE on January 6, 2026, with a recommendation that the City Council approve $500 from the FY 2025–2026 PACE Small Events Budget to support the event. Any costs associated with the event are one-time expenditures and are accommodated within the existing FY 2025–2026 PACE budget allocation.

Cathedral City City CouncilJanuary 28, 2026

Cathedral City City Council
January 28, 2026