OUR MISSION: To provide our customers with high-quality, efficient and reliable water, power and sewer services in a manner that values environmental and community interests and sustains the resources entrusted to our care.
525 Golden Gate Avenue, 13th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94102
T 415.554.3155
F 415.554.3161
TTY 415.554.3488
525 Golden Gate Avenue, 13th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94102
T 415.554.3155
F 415.554.3161
TTY 415.554.348
October 17, 2022
To: Commissioner Newsha Ajami, Vice President
Commissioner Sophie Maxwell
Commissioner Tim Paulson
Commissioner Tony Rivera
Through: Dennis J. Herrera General Manager
From: David Behar, Climate Program Director
Re: Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update
The following presents an update on activities underway at the SFPUC related to climate change mitigation, adaptation, and collaboration, though it’s worth noting that a number of projects provide benefits in more than one category. This memorandum was developed in conjunction with the Climate Change Collaboration and Coordination Committee, described below and established to implement climate change integration goals outlined in the 2020 SFPUC Strategic Plan. This memorandum provides a high-level overview of key projects underway.
Mitigation
(reducing greenhouse gas emissions to lessen global warming)
Update to Chapter 9, Environment Code
In 2020-2021, the Department of the Environment, under the direction of the Mayor’s Office, coordinated an update to the City’s climate goals as documented in Chapter 9 of the Environment Code and an update to the strategies and actions for achieving those goals as documented in the 2021 Climate Action Plan. The City committed to a more aggressive goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2040 and of achieving 100% renewable electricity by 2025. The Power Enterprise took the lead on drafting the Energy Supply chapter of the 2021 Climate Action Plan update and continued to share its expertise throughout the process.
Clean Power SF
CleanPowerSF is a not-for-profit program that launched in 2016 with a mission to provide San Francisco customers with the choice of having their electricity supplied from clean, renewable sources at a competitive price. CleanPowerSF offers two options for cleaner energy: Green (at least 50% California renewable portfolio standards (RPS)-eligible renewable energy and low carbon energy supply) and SuperGreen (100% California RPS-eligible renewable energy and zero carbon energy
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 2 of 9 supply). CleanPowerSF is now serving over 380,000 San Francisco customers. In 2021, CleanPowerSF committed to providing 100% renewable electricity to all customers by 2025.
Power Enterprise Customer Programs
The Power Enterprise provides numerous customer programs to both Hetch Hetchy Power and CleanPowerSF customers. Through rebates, specially designed rates and services, and other incentive structures, these programs help customers use energy as efficiently as possible, save money, and participate in San Francisco’s clean energy future. Customer programs are essential to achieving Power’s Business Plan objective to provide high-quality service to current customers and grow our customer base. Customer programs also promote local investment, equity in clean energy, and stewardship and conservation of our Hetch Hetchy and other resources.
Our customer programs strive to meet our customers’ needs, the business needs of the Enterprise, and environmental justice and City priorities like support for affordable housing and Covid-19 recovery (affordability). Power uses the following guiding principles when designing and implementing programs: Advancing building efficiency and decarbonization; Equity in access to clean energy services; Helping customers manage their energy bills; Improving utilization of electricity generating assets and reducing energy supply costs for ratepayers; Local investment in clean energy technologies; and Stewardship and conservation of Hetch Hetchy resources.
One key program Power runs is GoSolarSF. Launched in 2008, GoSolarSF provides monetary incentives to help CleanPowerSF and Hetch Hetchy residential and business electric customers install photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. With a focused emphasis on supporting low- income and non-profit customers, GoSolarSF reduces participants’ electricity bills and the City’s carbon footprint. Since the program’s inception, the SFPUC has supported the development of 23 MW of solar sited on San Franciscan’s rooftops and provided more than $30 million in solar rebates to help develop the local market for solar power. The SFPUC recently launched an incentive program to help low-income GoSolarSF participants replace their inverters and thus increase the longevity of their solar systems.
Power has also recently begun offering a number of new programs that incentivize electric vehicle charging, building electrification, and demand response for various customer groups, and is actively developing additional programs in support of the City’s climate and equity goals.
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Projects
SFPUC Power has developed 3.6 megawatts (MW) of onsite solar power capacity on City- owned buildings and facilities. In FY2022, the SFPUC completed two projects for the San Francisco Opera House and Visitation Valley Middle School, providing a combined 188 kilowatts of new solar generating capacity to its energy portfolio. These projects provide power directly to their host buildings as part of the Hetch Hetchy Power program’s electricity service.
In addition to managing solar installations, the SFPUC works with Hetch Hetchy Power customers to increase their energy efficiency with lighting and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) upgrade projects. As the City strives to decarbonize all buildings, the SFPUC’s Distributed Energy Resources (DER) team has also been developing fuel switching demonstration retrofits and providing engineering design and contracting services to replace natural gas heating systems with all-electric heat pump and/or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems.
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 3 of 9 Hetch Hetchy Power
For 100 years, the SFPUC has been generating greenhouse gas-free hydropower as the City’s full-service, publicly owned electric utility. This clean Hetch Hetchy Power energizes municipal services such as MUNI, public schools, and the San Francisco International Airport, and an increasing number of residents and businesses like The Shipyard housing development and tenants of Salesforce Transit Center. Hetch Hetchy Power currently provides 20% of San Francisco’s total electricity with clean power.
Watershed lands carbon sequestration evaluation
The Alameda Watershed Carbon Assessment aims to develop an in-depth understanding of carbon storage and potential carbon sequestration in the SFPUC’s Alameda Watershed. This assessment, conducted by the SFPUC with the Aquatic Science Center (ASC), began in November 2019, with a final report to be completed in February 2023. The report will provide a quantitative assessment of carbon stocks in vegetation and soils in the Alameda Watershed and will include an analysis of the short-term carbon losses from the SCU lightning complex fire. The report will evaluate the carbon sequestration potential, tradeoffs, and co-benefits of existing and alternative land management practices. This information will be used to identify carbon management practices that are consistent with existing SFPUC watershed management goals, such as ecosystem stewardship and source water protection. The ASC has completed the analyses of carbon storage and recent fire-related carbon losses and has nearly completed the evaluation of possible carbon management practices. In the remaining months, they will finalize and synthesize the study’s findings in a final report.
Biosolids carbon sequestration
SFPUC produces approximately 55,000 tons of biosolids per year. In part to comply with SB 1383, which limits the use of biosolids for alternative daily cover in landfills because of resultant methane emissions in the anaerobic landfill environment, and also in recognition of the value of biosolids as a resource that can improve soil fertility and sequester carbon, all SFPUC biosolids are now used as a fertilizer. The biosolids are land applied and also converted into liquid fertilizer, used on Northern California ranches to improve soil health and combat climate change by storing carbon.
Utilization of biogas as a renewable energy source
Biogas is natural gas produced during the treatment of wastewater solids. This carbon-based energy was recently plant material that was consumed by humans as food. It differs from non- renewable fossil sources of carbon in that this carbon was recently pulled out of the atmosphere by plants. As humans are constantly consuming carbon and excreting it, biogas is a renewable source of gas and can be used to power vehicles, generate heat and electricity or injected into the gas grid. SFPUC is pursuing a project to upgrade the biogas produced at its Southeast Treatment Plant to natural gas quality and inject into the City’s gas grid. This will displace fossil fuel derived natural gas with renewable natural gas, also called biomethane.
Additionally, the Ocean Side Treatment Plant is upgrading its biogas handling facility and installing three new 600 kW generators that will convert biogas into electricity and heat that will be used to offset energy demands at the treatment plant.
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 4 of 9 Adaptation
(maintaining resilience in the face of climate change)
Long Term Vulnerability Assessment (LTVA) for the Water Enterprise The Water Enterprise assessed long-term vulnerabilities of the Regional Water System to meet water supply through the year 2070 considering a variety of long-term uncertainties. The uncertainties included are climate change, demand, regulations, finance and infrastructure failures. This assessment was done in collaboration with the Water Research Foundation (WRF). The report was released in December 2021 by WRF and the SFPUC. The SFPUC held a workshop in October 2021 detailing the methods of investigation and findings of the LTVA. The Water Enterprise is working on integrating LTVA tools and methods for evaluating alternative water supply projects into its water supply planning analyses.
Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) System The SF Bay Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) System was funded in 2016 by a grant from the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and awarded to Sonoma Water and participating Bay Area agencies. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is building the AQPI System and delivering the AQPI end-product to these agencies. The goals of the AQPI system when completed will provide 4 X-Band and one C-Band radars and information systems that will increase the accuracy of weather forecasting and response systems throughout the Bay Area. The SFPUC is constructing one X-band radar in the Peninsula watershed. With these radars in place, improved forecasting will assist water managers, reservoir operators, wastewater plant managers, flood and emergency responders to respond to extreme water events in a timely fashion. SF Bay AQPI has formed a Local Partner Agency Committee (LPAC) to develop the framework for regional collaboration and agreement.
In addition to completing the construction of the X-band radar and putting it in operation, the SFPUC is also preparing to be able to use the data generated by the radar system. The AQPI radar network will produce detailed precipitation forecasts over the San Francisco Bay Area.
The radar data the SFPUC receives will be imported and merged with other existing sources of weather and hydrologic data for data processing. The SFPUC Water Enterprise is working on developing a modeling platform compatible with the existing hydrologic database and models that can ingest the new weather forecast data and produce inflow forecasts at reservoirs. This will allow development of a modern inflow forecasting and warning system that will integrate large data sets, have specialized modules to process the data, and open interfaces to allow easy integration of existing modelling capacities.
Sea Level Rise and Flooding Working Group (City-wide)
SFPUC staff participate in the City’s Sea Level Rise Working Group which in 2020 added flooding to the list of climate change related issues that require City-wide coordination. The group meets on a bi-monthly basis. This group is currently working on an update to the Sea Level Rise Checklists and has proposed to include actual adaptation measures to ensure consistency across City departments.
Waterfront Resilience Program Equity Working Group
The Port’s Waterfront Resilience Program includes coordinated projects to ensure a resilient waterfront in the face of seismic and climate change related hazards. In 2022, SFPUC staff participated in the Waterfront Resilience Program at a number of levels. This includes
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 5 of 9 participation in the equity working group to help envision a waterfront that is more resilient and equitable.
Climate Resilience Program
The Climate Resilience Program, formalized in February 2020, is a comprehensive multiagency effort to coordinate and oversee existing and future climate resilience projects.
The Climate Resilience Team, comprised of City departments, including the SFPUC, is helping define a desired and achievable climate resilient future for the City; maintain a road map of the City’s relevant near- and long-term policies, plans, and projects to achieve that future; and guide associated funding strategies, for example, green bonds. This collaborative integration will enhance innovation, consistency and efficiency across scales, coordination with other important City efforts, and community co-benefits. The Climate Resilience Program is being led and coordinated from the Office of Resilience and Capital Planning. This group will be able to deliver consistent messages about how the City is addressing climate impacts, and other shared products such as financing, legislative, and governance strategies, common communications materials, and a citywide framework for addressing climate resilience. Climate resilience involves both climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as how we capitalize on the synergies between the two.
Ocean Beach Climate Change Adaptation Project
Starting in the late 1990’s the coastal area south of Sloat Boulevard, in front of the Oceanside Treatment Plant (Plant), began experiencing climate-induced erosion. The on-going erosion is threatening the most seaward component of the Plant’s infrastructure – the Lake Merced Tunnel, a fourteen-foot diameter wastewater conveyance and storage facility located under the Great Highway south of Sloat Boulevard.
In support of a comprehensive solution to the erosion problem, the SFPUC and several other CCSF agencies actively participated in the development of the 2012 Ocean Beach Master Plan (OBMP). The OBMP was an interagency effort to develop a sustainable long-term vision for Ocean Beach. The OBMP addresses public access, environmental protection, and infrastructure needs in the context of climate-induced erosion. The OBMP developed six key recommendations that are organized by geographical reaches along Ocean Beach and are designed to be implemented incrementally over a period of decades. The Ocean Beach Climate Change Adaptation Project (Project) is a CCSF project, being led by the SFPUC and addresses two of the six key actions:
1) Removal of the Great Highway between Sloat and Skyline Boulevard, and 2) The introduction of a multipurpose coastal protection/restoration/access system
To implement these two OBMP recommendations, the SFPUC established the Project which includes three phases: 1) Short-term Improvements, 2) Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) Beach Nourishment, and 3) Long-term Improvements. While the Long-term Improvements phase is being developed, the Short-term Improvements and ACOE Beach Nourishment phases provide coastal erosion mitigation and protection of critical wastewater treatment infrastructure at Ocean Beach south of Sloat Boulevard to Skyline Boulevard within CCSF.
The Project is one of the first large, cross-agency infrastructure projects being built in San Francisco to address the long-term physical changes needed to combat climate induced sea level rise at Ocean Beach. In 2018, the SFPUC completed an Alternatives Analysis Report,
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 6 of 9 secured consultant contracts for environmental review and engineering services for SFPUC assets, and requested capital funding for the SFPUC assets within the project. With these key components in place, the SFPUC continues to lead the development of the project and is projected to complete 95% Design late this year and the Project is expected to go to construction in early 2024.
Extreme Precipitation Study
Coming out of the Sea Level Rise Action Plan, this study formally began in late 2018. The Wastewater Enterprise partnered with the Port, Airport, Office of Resilience, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories (LBNL) and Pathways Climate Institute to perform an extreme precipitation study. The goal is to understand how future extreme storm intensities may change because of climate change. The modeling effort by LBNL was completed in 2021. Upon completion, LBNL developed a scientific publication that was published in early 2022. The study (Patricola, C.M., et al. Future changes in extreme precipitation over the San Francisco Bay Area: Dependence on atmospheric river and extratropical cyclone events. Weather and Climate Extremes https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100440) found the effect of climate change on future extreme storms will be significant, leading to more powerful storms unleashing substantially more water. Among its findings were that storm-total precipitation associated with the most common type of storm in the Bay Area may increase by up to 26% to 37% by the end of this century. Since the publication of the LBNL modeling, our climate consultant team, Pathways, has been further refining this data and its applicability to our city and its infrastructure. The team is finalizing their analysis and translating the science into information that CCSF can use to plan for extreme precipitation events in the future.
Green Bonds
Since 2015, the SFPUC has issued more than $3 billion in green bonds to finance Water, Wastewater, and Power capital projects that advance climate change mitigation or adaptation, making the SFPUC one of the largest municipal issuers of green bonds in the United States.
Green bonds are similar in all respects to the PUC’s other bonds except the proceeds must be earmarked for projects that specifically address climate change. All but $106M of the SFPUC’s green bonds have been certified under criteria developed by the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI), a non-profit organization established to promote the issuance of green bonds. In 2017, the SFPUC was recognized at CBI’s Annual Conference for issuing the world’s first Water Infrastructure Bond certified under the Climate Bonds Standard, and the SFPUC was awarded Environmental Finance's US Municipal Green Bond of the Year award in 2019 and 2021. In 2020, the SFPUC became the first US municipal agency to list a green bond on the London Stock Exchange. Green bonds have enabled the SFPUC to expand its investor base to include green and impact investors. In November of 2021, the SFPUC issued $608M in CBI certified green bonds and notes for SSIP projects in the Wastewater Enterprise. In December of 2021, the SFPUC issued $74M self-certified green bonds for the Power Enterprise.
Climate Aligned Capital Planning
In an effort to proactively address the demands of its investors, the SFPUC’s Capital Finance team is working to finalize a contract to complete a case study and pilot evaluation of a model developed by the University of Washington and Cal Poly - San Luis Obispo. The intent of the model is to screen projects to ensure capital is both aligned with San Francisco’s and the SFPUC’s climate goals and meets the growing need from investors for more project impact data.
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 7 of 9 Green Infrastructure
Green infrastructure projects divert stormwater from the sewer system while delivering multiple additional benefits to San Franciscans, including increased ecological function and urban habitat, increased bike and pedestrian safety, increased flood resilience, and improved public realm. The most commonly used green infrastructure technologies include rain gardens, permeable pavement, and rainwater harvesting systems. In 2008, the first grants for green infrastructure were developed. In 2010, the Stormwater Management Ordinance (SMO) was enacted. In 2012, the first green infrastructure capital projects began. These remain the three primary “buckets” of the Green Infrastructure program and each one has grown over time. In February of 2019 SFPUC launched a large Green Infrastructure Grant Program, aimed at transforming large impervious parcels into multi-benefit spaces that manage stormwater and improve San Francisco’s urban spaces. We have granted a total of $7.9 million in the first 2 years. Our long-standing Urban Watershed Stewardship Grant program has continued to lift up great stormwater management ideas from community members and their non-profit partners; we’ve granted over $2 million. In the regulatory space, the Stormwater management Ordinance has continued to be an effective catalyst for integrating green infrastructure into our city – over 800 individual green infrastructure facilities have been implemented across over 540 projects subject to the SMO. And in the capital plan, green infrastructure has been integrated to help achieve both stormwater management and flood resilience goals and the agency has committed over $90 million over the next ten years to manage stormwater.
The current focus of the team is to scale up the implementation of green infrastructure through each of the above programs as well as City agency partnerships with the goal of managing 1 billion gallons of stormwater each year with green infrastructure by 2050, or 10% of all rain that falls on San Francisco each year.
The Wastewater Enterprise has increased our emphasis on flood resilience using programmatic strategies. For example, working with the Department of Building Inspection, the Planning Department, and the City Administrator’s Office, the SFPUC is leading an effort to incorporate requirements for new construction to build the finished floor above the elevation of the 100 year storm. This would harness the development cycle to ensure that the city becomes more and more flood resilient over time. While this is a standard requirement in FEMA flood zones, the SFPUC is going above and beyond by seeking this level of flood resilience in areas outside of the FEMA map that experience stormwater driven flooding.
WWE is also in the process of updating our Floodwater Grant Program to increase participation. The WWE has also begun to incorporate nature-based solutions and watershed planning into the field of flood resilience, expanding outside of the traditional space of water quality protection and peak flow and management of smaller storms. In this area, the Wastewater Enterprise, per Commission direction, evaluated a multi-benefit watershed approach to reduce flooding in the Upper Islais Creek Watershed. The evaluation concluded that the multi-benefit approach could reduce flooding, offer more flood resilience in larger storms, and deliver more benefits to more San Franciscans than the pipe approach. The team is completing costing and scheduling and has found that the multi-benefit approach will offer significantly higher flood resilience benefits, public realm benefits, and heat reduction and biodiversity benefits. While the total intervention may cost more, there is greater opportunity for cost share and for seeing incremental benefits over time since the solution is a distributed one.
The SFPUC will continue to explore this model in the coming months to determine whether to pursue it.
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 8 of 9 Collaboration
SFPUC’s Climate Change Collaboration and Coordination Committee The Climate Change Collaboration and Coordination Committee (“C5”) was chartered in 2018 to respond to Goal 6, Objective 2 of the 2020 Strategic Plan, which called for the PUC to “develop, coordinate and communicate a comprehensive and consistent approach to mitigate and adapt to climate change.” Membership includes representatives from most departments in the PUC. To further the C5 mission, a climate policy is being drafted for consideration by senior management and the Commission. The policy commits to an approach that incorporates climate change as a key consideration within SFPUC planning and activities, creates a common understanding of climate change impacts among our customers and staff, and incorporates the urgency and interrelatedness of climate change mitigation and adaptation into a coordinated climate response that is equitable and consistent with SFPUC’s Environmental Justice Policy. This work has slowed somewhat during Covid but we have made progress in vetting climate policy goals with senior management and the Committee is currently developing immediate and medium-term implementation guidelines to outline early steps needed to implement the policies.
Water Utility Climate Alliance (WUCA)
In February 2007, recognizing that climate change represented a growing threat to water utilities, the SFPUC hosted the first national Water Utility Climate Change Summit. The Summit brought together over 200 utility, federal, state, NGO, and other interested parties and out of it WUCA was launched. WUCA now consists of 12 water utilities serving over 50 million Americans and shares information and plans work on adaptation in monthly conference calls, an active committee structure, and monthly meetings. WUCA continues to produce value for members and influence the developing climate change adaptation arena. This past year, activities and outputs included: 1) a report on the current state of sea level rise adaptation among water managers entitled “Beyond Barriers to Implementation: A Water Sector Perspective on Sea Level Rise Adaptation”; 2) Case studies on greenhouse gas mitigation projects within the utility community; and 3) a virtual training on the use of climate modeling and best available science in planning adaptation. The above reports are available on or via the WUCA website landing page at www.wucaonline.org.
This past year WUCA initiated a two-year partnership with the U.S. Water Alliance to assess opportunities and develop a set of recommended strategies to incorporate equity into WUCA and its members’ climate adaptation and mitigation efforts and related goals. SFPUC staff coordinated information gathering within the agency to respond to the project’s State of Equity Survey, aimed at understanding how WUCA and its member utilities are currently integrating equity and climate work.
The survey brings awareness to strengths, gaps, and opportunities at the intersection of the water, climate, and equity spaces, and is an important step in advancing WUCA’s strategic plan goal to incorporate consideration of equity into all of WUCA’s work.
Bay Area Climate Adaptation Network
In 2018, the SFPUC helped launch the Bay Area Climate Adaptation Network (BayCAN), a collaborative of local government and community-based organization leaders that promotes collaboration, networking, and co-planning across institutional boundaries on approaches to climate change adaptation. Part of a network of eight regional collaboratives across the state (https://arccacalifornia.org/about/) and chaired by the SFPUC since its inception, BayCAN continues to focus on sea level rise, wildfire and smoke, water and wastewater, public health,
Multi-Enterprise Climate Program Update October 17, 2022 Page 9 of 9 climate justice and frontline communities and other adaptation issues. In early 2022, BayCAN transitioned to a new staff team led by Farallon Strategies and Climate Resilient Communities, a leading consultancy and community-based organization, respectively, in the adaptation and equity space. As additional resources become available from the state this year and next, BayCAN’s role as a convener and collaborator in the region will be invaluable as the adaptation enterprise moves forward. See www.baycanadapt.org.
Science and Society, Research and Practice
Beginning with our efforts to launch and develop WUCA, the SFPUC has for years helped lead efforts to bridge the cultural and knowledge chasms between climate scientists and adaptation practitioners (“practitioners” is a term referring to those who are engaged in the practice of developing or implementing adaptation projects or programs). Better collaboration and communication between these communities is necessary as both science and practice evolve.
Over the past year, a number of SFPUC initiatives have produced valuable knowledge and relationships that can help break down barriers:
1) Chaired development of a global “Practitioner-led Workshop to Advance Resilience to Sea Level Rise: Leading Practices and Current Challenges” which, for the first time, gathered sea level rise planners on every inhabited continent to compare notes and identify needs (https://www.agci.org/workshops/7014x000000EF5RAAW, report pending);
2) Co-chaired a major conference in Singapore, “Sea Level 2022: Advancing Science, Connecting Society,” providing an overview of recent science advances and featuring a full day of practitioner presentations (drawn from workshops above and led by SFPUC) to improve knowledge across boundaries (www.sealevelconference.org); 3) Co-led the first ever survey of the uptake of science among sea level practitioners globally, which revealed that we currently do not have common approaches to the use of climate science in the adaptation community (Hirschfeld, D., Behar, D., Nicholls, R. et al.
A Global Survey of the Application of Sea-Level Projections. Communications Earth and Environment. (in review).
4) Co-authored with noted sea level scientists an article to improve “high-end” sea level rise projections for use by practitioners in planning. This paper combines social and physical science activities to address the chaotic environment in recent years as new high-end estimates driven largely by experimental modeling related to polar ice melt are produced at a rapid clip. This has led to confusion among planners seeking to understand high end risk and led to flawed guidance documents at times, most notably in California. (Van de Wal, R., Nicholls, R., Behar, D., et al. A High-End Estimate of Sea- level Rise for Practitioners. Earth’s Future (in press. 2022.) 5) Joined Practitioner Advisory Board of the NASA-Sea Level Change Team, an effort by NASA to connect its considerable observational infrastructure and sea level science expertise to the practitioner and boundary organization communities seeking to improve adaptation planning.
Acknowledgements
All these programs are led by teams at the SFPUC, often working across business units. Special thanks for their contributions to this report go to Ryan Batjiaka, Rickie Cleere, Dan Fuchs, Matt Greco, Edward Kwong, Ellen Levin, Jennifer Ly, Sarah Minick, Ellen Natesan, Anna Roche, Lorenna Varkonyi, Joanne Yee, and Daniel Young.