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San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Correspondence Log
January 9, 2025 through January 13, 2026
Date Received From Subject
1/9/2026 Dave Warner Concerns about the financial materials 1/9/2026 Lourdes Verzosa-Enriquez January 15, 2026 BAWSCA and RFA Board of Directors Meeting Agendas (email + attachments)
1/10/2026 Lourdes Verzosa-Enriquez REVISED Agendas for the January 15, 2026 BAWSCA and RFA Board of Directors Meetings
1/11/2026 Denise Louie Item 4 on the January 12th Agenda 1/11/2026 Laura Smith NO on Water Department Expansion in Millbrae 1/12/2026 Robert Hall Public Comment: Response to Artificial Turf Standards Presentation (email + attachment)
1/13/2026 Francisco Da Costa Here is information to keep you commissioners in the loop - most of you have no clue what is happening to
the citizens of San Francisco
1/13/2026 Denise Louie Racial equity, diversity and inclusion
January 9, 2026
Re: Concerns About the Financial Materials
Dear Commissioners,
Here is a brief review of the financial planning slides to be presented at Monday’s special meeting. These comments are in addition to my letter dated January 5 (copy attached).
You have a highly talented and capable financial team at your disposal. However the strategy/approach misses the mark. The solution presented leaves 2046 average bills not significantly dijgS”flerent from where they were for the last 2 years and now the 10 year projected average bills are the highest they have ever been. Apologies for the potentially inflammatory statement but it seems like the idiom, “rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic,” isn’t too far ojgS”fl the mark.
As you know, the SFPUC has and is continuing to take on massive amounts of debt which is causing rates to jump. There’s also significant risk that costs are understated either from capital project costs overruns (common in the industry) or from lower than projected water sales. BAWSCA demand in particular is the most likely to come in well below projections (as their demand study indicated was possible) which would ajgS”flect retail ratepayers. And it is possible that retail demand will decline below projections.
What can the SFPUC do? First would be to provide better transparency on each of the major spending needs, particularly capital projects, and include the impact on rates. For example construction hasn’t started on the Millbrae Yard. What is the rate impact of that project? What happens if it is delayed? What happens if it has a cost overrun? Next would be to show how the financial situation changes should sales come in below projections, a very likely situation.
Too late now, but best of all would have been to get commission input on this information prior to financial plans being at this late stage of development.
Leveraging the MWD slide layouts highlighted in my attached letter would have been a great improvement.
A/g431ordability
AjgS”flordability is likely the most significant issue. The “Proposed Rates” slide (my figure 1) is a good starting point:
Comments:
1) It appears that the projections have traded ojgS”fl average bills slightly below ajgS”flordability thresholds in 2046 for them starting to exceed ajgS”flordability targets in 2034 (3 years earlier than the FY’26 projections). This doesn’t sound comforting to ratepayers. 2) It appears that the 2046 margin of error for staying below thresholds is in the 1% range. There are many situations that can cause average bills to be higher than projected. A lower demand/sales scenario (or a lower new accounts scenario) would cause average combined bills to exceed thresholds. Capital project overruns, which are common, would also push average bills over the thresholds. 3) Note that this year, there is a 50% cushion to the ajgS”flordability threshold for the current average bill of $171 and that just 3 years ago the 2045 projection still had a 50%+ cushion. This is a significant change in just 3 years. 4) While the table to the right shows that 2046 figures improved slightly from last year, last year was not a good comparison as projected bills were over the thresholds then.
Figure 1
Also informative is a comparison of how average bill projections have changed over the last 3 years (figure 2):
In FY 2024 there was a large cushion between projected rates and the ajgS”flordability thresholds. In FY 2025 the cushion mostly went away by 2045 and last year average bill projections exceeded the cushion in 2037. This year’s projection shows rates increasing sooner (growing well above last year’s projection) then slowing to slip below the ajgS”flordability thresholds starting in 2045.
1 Overall, 2045 projections for the last two years and now FY 2026-27 are all bunched around the a/g431ordability threshold. Not much change other than 10 year projections igetting worse.
Average Bills Compared to Other Agencies
In terms of average bills compared to other agencies, the chart provided is likely the most favorable way to look at it for the SFPUC. For example, it compares an average bill for Los Angeles, where substantially more water is purchased per capita, to an average bill in San Francisco. Another way to compare average bills would be to assume the same amount of
1 Note that the ajgS”flordability thresholds shown in figure 2 are from last year’s projections. The FY 2026-27 thresholds are slightly higher.
Figure 2
water is supplied to the average customer across agencies. In that comparison, San Francisco bills would not look as good.
Debt
The SFPUC continues to carry an exceptional debt load as compared to other large California water agencies. The SFPUC’s water enterprise had debt service costs in excess of 50% of revenues according the FY 2025 financial statements. MWD, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and the San Diego County Water Authority all had debt service costs in the range of 20 to 25%. Not only is this a significant burden on SFPUC ratepayers, but it also significantly limits the SFPUC’s ability to adapt as the future changes, such as in the circumstance of declining demand or unexpected needs.
In the past, financial presentations shared the proportion of capital costs to be funded by revenue rather than debt. Those figures don’t appear to be in this set of slides. The more that capital projects can be funded by revenue, the less debt is needed, helping ratepayers in the long term.
It seems like these financial projections did not do much to address ajgS”flordability, nor did they provide options to commissioners (as MWD did). It is a shame as it appears a huge amount of ejgS”flort was put into developing these projections.
While the SFPUC’s approval process is the way stajgS”fl has done things for years, the process doesn’t give you choices other than to accept the financial plans. For next year, please require changes to the process in a way that gives you a say in what the financial plans should cover well before they are finalized. MWD’s October 14 th, 2025 Board materials are a
good example of how to do this, including their slide 33 showing how they built an early discussion into their financial planning process.
Kind regards,
Dave Warner
cc: Dennis Herrera, SFPUC General Manager
Steven Ritchie, SFPUC Assistant General Man ager, Water Enterprise Nancy Hom, SFPUC Chief Financial Officer
Laura Busch, SFPUC Deputy Chief Financial Officer
Erin Corvinova, SFPUC Financial Planning D irector
SFPUC Citizens’ Advisory Committee
Attachment
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This Message Is From an External Sender
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From: Lourdes Enriquez
To: BAWSCA WMR
Cc: Smegal, Tom; Deborah Grimes; Christiane Barth
Subject: January 15, 2026 BAWSCA and RFA Board of Directors Meeting Agendas Date: Friday, January 9, 2026 12:29:17 PM
Attachments: 26_BAWSCA_Jan15_Agenda_FINAL.pdf
26_RFA_Jan15_Agenda_FINAL.pdf
Attached are the agendas for the BAWSCA and RFA Board of Directors meetings on Thursday, January 15, 2026 at 6:30pm.
Supporting documentation for agenda items are not included in this email because of its volume. Click here
to download a complete copy of the agenda and attachments for these meetings from our website, or go to: http://bawsca.org/about/board/agendas
If you have questions, please call (650) 349-3000.
Thank you,
Lourdes Enriquez
Lourdes Verzosa-Enriquez
Assistant to the CEO/General Manager
Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency
155 Bovet Road, #650
San Mateo, CA 94402
650-349-3000
www.bawsca.org
2190242.1
BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING
Thursday, January 15, 2026
6:30pm
Burlingame Community Center – Sequoia Room
850 Burlingame Ave., Burlingame
CLICK HERE TO VIEW LIVESTEAM
AGENDA
Agenda Item Presenter Page
1. Call to Order/Roll Call/Salute to Flag (Chambers)
2. Special Order of Business – Election of Officers for (Chambers) Calendar Year 2026 (Attachment)
• Election of Chair
• Election of Vice Chair
(The terms of the new Chair and Vice-Chair commence at the end of the meeting at which they are elected)
Pg 3
3. Break for the San Francisco Bay Area Regional Water System (Chambers) Financing Authority Board of Directors Meeting
4. Reconvene following San Francisco Bay Area Regional Water System (Chambers) Financing Authority Board of Directors Meeting
5. Comments by the Chair (Chambers)
6. Board Policy Committee Report (Attachment) (Hardy) Pg 5
7. Public Comments (Chambers)
Members of the public may address the Board on any issues not listed on the agenda that are within the purview of the Agency. Comments on matters that are listed on the agenda may be made at the time the Board is considering each item. Each speaker is allowed a maximum of two (2) minutes.
8. SFPUC Report (Ritchie)
9. Consent Calendar (Attachments) (Chambers)
A. Approval of Minutes of the November 20, 2025 Meeting B. Receive and File Budget Status Report – As of November 30, 2025 C. Receive and File Investment Report – as of December 31, 2025 D. Receive and File Directors’ Reimbursement Report – As of December 31, 2025 E. Receive and File Employee Reimbursement Report – As of December 31, 2025 F. Receive and File Bond Surcharge Collection, Account Balance and Payment Report – As of September 30, 2025 (Attachment)
G. Approval of the Proposed FY 2026-27 Bond Surcharges
The Board Policy Committee voted unanimously to recommend the proposed Board action for item 9G.
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2190242.1
10. Action Calendar
A. Potential Additional One-Time Payment to CalPERS to (Tang) Reduce BAWSCA’s Unfunded Pension Liability (Attachment)
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11. Reports and Discussions
A. BAWSCA Pension Liability Funded Status Update (Attachment) (Tang) B. BAWSCA OPEB Liability Funded Status Update (Attachment) (Tang) C. 2025 Regional Water Demand and Conservation Study (Attachment) (McPherson) D. Mid-Year 2025-26 Work Plan, Budget, and General Reserve Review (Smegal) (Attachment)
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12. Discussion Item (Smegal)
A. Fiscal Year 2026-27 Work Plan and Budget Planning Session (Attachment)
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13. CEO Reports (Smegal)
A. Consultant Billing Rate Market Comparison (Attachment) B. Bay Delta Plan/FERC Update
C. Legislative Updates
D. CEO Letter (Attachment)
E. Board of Directors Policy Calendar (Attachment)
F. Correspondence Packet (Under Separate Cover)
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14. Closed Session (Schutte)
A. Conference with Legal Counsel – Existing Litigation pursuant to Paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Government Code Section 54956.9 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Final License Application Proceedings for Don Pedro Hydroelectric Project, P-2299-082, and La Grange Hydroelectric Project, P-14581-002.
B. Conference with Legal Counsel – Existing Litigation pursuant to Paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Government Code Section 54956.9 - State Water Board Cases (Third Appellate District Court Case No.
C101232).
15. Report from Closed Session (Schutte)
16. Directors’ Discussion: Comments, Questions and Agenda Requests (Chambers)
17. Additional Time for Public Comments (As Time Permits) (Chambers) Members of the public may address the Board on any issues that are within the purview of the Agency
18. Date, Time and Location of Future Meetings (Chambers) (See attached schedule of meetings)
19. Adjourn to next meeting scheduled for March 19, 2026 at 6:30pm (Chambers) Pg 97
Accessibility for Individuals with Disabilities
Upon request, BAWSCA will provide for written agenda materials in appropriate alternative formats, or disability-related modification or accommodation, including auxiliary aids or services, to enable individuals with disabilities to participate in and provide comments at/related to public meetings. Please submit a request, including your name, phone number and/or email address, and a description of the modification, accommodation, auxiliary aid, service or alternative format requested at least two days befo re the meeting.
Requests should be emailed to [email protected] or submitted by phone at 650-349-3000. Requests will be granted whenever possible and resolved in favor of accessibility.
22435341.2
SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA REGIONAL WATER SYSTEM FINANCING AUTHORITY
BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING
THURSDAY, JANUARY 15, 2026
6:30 pm
Burlingame Community Center – Sequoia Room
850 Burlingame Ave., Burlingame
CLICK HERE TO VIEW LIVESTREAM
The RFA meeting will convene immediately following Item #2 of the BAWSCA Board agenda, Election of Officers for Calendar Year 2026, and no earlier than 6:30 P.M.
AGENDA
Agenda Item Page #
1. Call To Order/Roll Call (Chambers)
2. Special Order of Business -- Election of Officers (Chambers) for Calendar Year 2026 (Attachment)
a. Election of Chair
b. Election of Vice Chair
(The term of the new Chair and Vice Chair commence at the end of the meeting at which they are elected)
Pg 3
3. Consent Calendar (Chambers)
a. Approve minutes from meeting of January 16, 2025 (Attachment) b. Adopt FY 2025-26 Budget (Attachment)
c. Appointment of Tom Smegal as General Manager, Financial Officer, and Secretary of San Francisco Bay Area Regional Water System Financing Authority (Attachment)
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4. Comments by Chair (Chambers)
5. Public Comments (Chambers)
6. General Manager’s Report (Smegal)
a. FY 2025-26 Statement of Economic Interest Form 700
7. Directors’ Comments (Chambers)
8. Adjourn to next meeting scheduled for January 21, 2027 (Chambers)
Accessibility for Individuals with Disabilities
Upon request, BAWSCA will provide for written agenda materials in appropriate alternative formats, or disability-related modification or accommodation, including auxiliary aids or services, to enable individuals with disabilities to participate in and provide comments at/related to public meetings. Please submit a request, including your name, phone number and/or email address, and a description of the modification, accommodation, auxiliary aid, service or alternative format requested at least two days before the meeting. Requests should be emailed to [email protected] or submitted by phone at 650-349-3000. Requests will be granted whenever possible and resolved in favor of accessibility.
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
Report Suspicious
From: Lourdes Enriquez
To: Lourdes Enriquez
Cc: Smegal, Tom; Schutte, Allison C
Subject: REVISED Agendas for the January 15, 2026 BAWSCA and RFA Board of Directors Meetings Date: Saturday, January 10, 2026 12:32:16 PM
Attachments: 26_BAWSCA_Jan15_Agenda_FINAL_REVISED.pdf
26_RFA_Jan15_Agenda_FINAL_REVISED.pdf
Attached are REVISED agendas for the BAWSCA and RFA Board of Directors meetings on Thursday, January 15, 2026 at 6:30pm.
The agenda items remain the same. The revision reflects a teleconference location. Click here to download a complete copy of the agenda and attachments for these meetings from our website, or go to: http://bawsca.org/about/board/agendas
If you have questions, please call (650) 349-3000.
Thank you,
Lourdes Enriquez
Lourdes Verzosa-Enriquez
Assistant to the CEO/General Manager
Bay Area Water Supply & Conservation Agency
155 Bovet Road, #650
San Mateo, CA 94402
650-349-3000
www.bawsca.org
January 15, 2026 BAWSCA Board of Directors Meeting Agenda Packet Page i
BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING
Thursday, January 15, 2026
6:30pm
Burlingame Community Center – Sequoia Room
850 Burlingame Ave., Burlingame
CLICK HERE TO VIEW LIVESTEAM
One (1) member of the Board will participate in this meeting by teleconference at the following location, 636 S Michigan Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60605. When any member(s) of the Board participates by teleconference, all votes taken at this meeting will be by roll call vote.
REVISED AGENDA
Agenda Item Presenter Page
1. Call to Order/Roll Call/Salute to Flag (Chambers)
2. Special Order of Business – Election of Officers for (Chambers) Calendar Year 2026 (Attachment)
• Election of Chair
• Election of Vice Chair
(The terms of the new Chair and Vice-Chair commence at the end of the meeting at which they are elected)
Pg 3
3. Break for the San Francisco Bay Area Regional Water System (Chambers) Financing Authority Board of Directors Meeting
4. Reconvene following San Francisco Bay Area Regional Water System (Chambers) Financing Authority Board of Directors Meeting
5. Comments by the Chair (Chambers)
6. Board Policy Committee Report (Attachment) (Hardy) Pg 5
7. Public Comments (Chambers)
Members of the public may address the Board on any issues not listed on the agenda that are within the purview of the Agency. Comments on matters that are listed on the agenda may be made at the time the Board is considering each item. Each speaker is allowed a maximum of two (2) minutes.
8. SFPUC Report (Ritchie)
9. Consent Calendar (Attachments) (Chambers)
A. Approval of Minutes of the November 20, 2025 Meeting B. Receive and File Budget Status Report – As of November 30, 2025 C. Receive and File Investment Report – as of December 31, 2025
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January 15, 2026 BAWSCA Board of Directors Meeting Agenda Packet Page 1
D. Receive and File Directors’ Reimbursement Report – As of December 31, 2025 E. Receive and File Employee Reimbursement Report – As of December 31, 2025 F. Receive and File Bond Surcharge Collection, Account Balance and Payment Report – As of September 30, 2025 (Attachment)
G. Approval of the Proposed FY 2026-27 Bond Surcharges
The Board Policy Committee voted unanimously to recommend the proposed Board action for item 9G.
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10. Action Calendar
A. Potential Additional One-Time Payment to CalPERS to (Tang) Reduce BAWSCA’s Unfunded Pension Liability (Attachment)
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11. Reports and Discussions
A. BAWSCA Pension Liability Funded Status Update (Attachment) (Tang) B. BAWSCA OPEB Liability Funded Status Update (Attachment) (Tang) C. 2025 Regional Water Demand and Conservation Study (Attachment) (McPherson) D. Mid-Year 2025-26 Work Plan, Budget, and General Reserve Review (Smegal) (Attachment)
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12. Discussion Item (Smegal)
A. Fiscal Year 2026-27 Work Plan and Budget Planning Session (Attachment)
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13. CEO Reports (Smegal)
A. Consultant Billing Rate Market Comparison (Attachment) B. Bay Delta Plan/FERC Update
C. Legislative Updates
D. CEO Letter (Attachment)
E. Board of Directors Policy Calendar (Attachment)
F. Correspondence Packet (Under Separate Cover)
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Pg 95
14. Closed Session (Schutte)
A. Conference with Legal Counsel – Existing Litigation pursuant to Paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Government Code Section 54956.9 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Final License Application Proceedings for Don Pedro Hydroelectric Project, P-2299-082, and La Grange Hydroelectric Project, P-14581-002.
B. Conference with Legal Counsel – Existing Litigation pursuant to Paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Government Code Section 54956.9 - State Water Board Cases (Third Appellate District Court Case No.
C101232).
15. Report from Closed Session (Schutte)
16. Directors’ Discussion: Comments, Questions and Agenda Requests (Chambers)
17. Additional Time for Public Comments (As Time Permits) (Chambers) Members of the public may address the Board on any issues that are within the purview of the Agency
January 15, 2026 BAWSCA Board of Directors Meeting Agenda Packet Page 2
18. Date, Time and Location of Future Meetings (Chambers) (See attached schedule of meetings)
19. Adjourn to next meeting scheduled for March 19, 2026 at 6:30pm (Chambers) Pg 97
Accessibility for Individuals with Disabilities
Upon request, BAWSCA will provide for written agenda materials in appropriate alternative formats, or disability-related modification or accommodation, including auxiliary aids or services, to enable individuals with disabilities to participate in and provide comments at/related to public meetings.
Please submit a request, including your name, phone number and/or email address, and a description of the modification, accommodation, auxiliary aid, service or alternative format requested at least two days before the meeting. Requests should be emailed to [email protected] or submitted by phone at 650-349-3000. Requests will be granted whenever possible and resolved in favor of accessibility.
22435341.2
SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA REGIONAL WATER SYSTEM FINANCING AUTHORITY
BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING
THURSDAY, JANUARY 15, 2026
6:30 pm
Burlingame Community Center – Sequoia Room
850 Burlingame Ave., Burlingame
CLICK HERE TO VIEW LIVESTREAM
The RFA meeting will convene immediately following Item #2 of the BAWSCA Board agenda, Election of Officers for Calendar Year 2026, and no earlier than 6:30 P.M.
One (1) member of the Board will participate in this meeting by teleconference at the following location, 636 S Michigan Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60605. When any member(s) of the Board participates by teleconference, all votes taken at this meeting will be by roll call vote.
REVISED AGENDA
Agenda Item Page #
1. Call To Order/Roll Call (Chambers)
2. Special Order of Business -- Election of Officers (Chambers) for Calendar Year 2026 (Attachment)
a. Election of Chair
b. Election of Vice Chair
(The term of the new Chair and Vice Chair commence at the end of the meeting at which they are elected)
Pg 3
3. Consent Calendar (Chambers)
a. Approve minutes from meeting of January 16, 2025 (Attachment) b. Adopt FY 2025-26 Budget (Attachment)
c. Appointment of Tom Smegal as General Manager, Financial Officer, and Secretary of San Francisco Bay Area Regional Water System Financing Authority (Attachment)
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4. Comments by Chair (Chambers)
5. Public Comments (Chambers)
6. General Manager’s Report (Smegal)
a. FY 2025-26 Statement of Economic Interest Form 700
7. Directors’ Comments (Chambers)
8. Adjourn to next meeting scheduled for January 21, 2027 (Chambers)
22435341.2
Accessibility for Individuals with Disabilities
Upon request, BAWSCA will provide for written agenda materials in appropriate alternative formats, or disability-related modification or accommodation, including auxiliary aids or services, to enable individuals with disabilities to participate in and provide comments at/related to public meetings. Please submit a request, including your name, phone number and/or email address, and a description of the modification, accommodation, auxiliary aid, service or alternative format requested at least two days before the meeting. Requests should be emailed to [email protected] or submitted by phone at 650-349-3000. Requests will be granted whenever possible and resolved in favor of accessibility.
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
Report Suspicious
From: Denise Louie
To: Commission
Subject: Item 4 on the January 12th Agenda
Date: Sunday, January 11, 2026 2:27:47 PM
Hi Commissioners,
The General Manager's budget calls for a total of $700k for "Racial Equity, Diversity & Inclusion." I urge you to reject this in its entirety. The California Constitution prohibits the use of race in government affairs. The people of California have voted twice to protect this prohibition from being elilminated.
Respectfully,
Denise Louie
Vice President, Asian American Legal Foundation
This Message Is From an Untrusted Sender
You have not previously corresponded with this sender.
Report Suspicious
From: Laura Smith
To: Commission
Cc: Kenneth Smith
Subject: NO on Water Department Expansion in Millbrae
Date: Sunday, January 11, 2026 2:29:45 PM
January 12, 2025
Dear Commissioners,
We’re writing to oppose expansion of SFPUC/Water Department operations into land now occupied by Outdoor Supply Hardware and Kentucky Fried Chicken in Millbrae.
This land needs to be kept available for retail operations, whether for today’s Outdoor Supply Hardware and Kentucky Fried Chicken, or other retailers in the future. (Target Stores has expressed an interest previously.)
California, and its cities, are moving toward reduced automobile use. Fewer car trips mean reduced traffic congestion and environmental impact.
Further, cities like Millbrae are accommodating high-rise apartment buildings to meet California’s housing needs. El Camino Real, in the few miles north and south of the SFPUC land, is being lined with such buildings. These will house hundreds and even thousands of new residents, many without cars! The aim of El Camino corridor developments, per California’s housing goals, is that public transportation can be used, or residents can walk or use bikes and micro-transportation.
This means that now, more than ever, Millbrae residents need somewhere to shop locally.
We need retail options reachable in the shortest possible car trip, or via public transportation, use of bikes, or walking. This makes an ongoing retail location on SFPUC land even more important. It can and should remain a vital part of Millbrae.
SFPUC needs to be PART OF THE SOLUTION to urban development, not part of the problem.
We believe there are ways to meet the water department’s needs within Millbrae without shutting down this premium retail location. Our local officials, just learning of water department plans, have other ideas that should be considered.
Thank you for your review of this matter.
Laura and Ken Smith
Millbrae
#650-219-5456
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization. Report Suspicious From: Robert Hall
To: [email protected]; Commission
Subject: Public Comment: Response to Artificial Turf Standards Presentation Date: Monday, January 12, 2026 3:49:52 PM
Attachments: KCR Response to SFRPD Artificial Turf Standards Presentation.pdf We hope you had a chance to watch SFRPD’s Artificial Turf Standards presentation presented to the Rec/Park Commission on 12/18/25. Remember, this project will ultimately turn your property at Crocker Amazon into 30 acres of plastic and it's on SFPUC property. You shouldn’t simply trust the Capital team at RPD to be on top of all the science.
Our response to their presentation is below. SFPUC is mentioned and was part of an artificial task force that found a lot of chemicals coming from artificial turf fields.
Bob Hall
KeepCrockerReal.com
KCR Response to SFRPD Artificial Turf Standards Presentation Keep Crocker Real is pleased to offer a response to information presented to the Recreation and Park Commission by Dan Mauer and David Teter on December 18, 2025, regarding RPD’s artificial turf standards.
Please note our comments include links to independent research and reference materials. By contrast, the plastic grass industry is largely unregulated and is able to shield product ingredients under claims of “confidential business information.” As a result, independent scientists and researchers have been forced to spend significant time, public resources, and consumer dollars reverse-engineering products to identify chemicals such as PFAS in artificial turf. The plastic grass industry has actively resisted regulation. For example, the Synthetic Turf Council (STC) opposed the inclusion of artificial turf in the California Department of Toxic Substances Control’s (DTSC) 2021–23 Priority Product Work Plan, which would have enabled an independent study and potential regulation. The STC did not succeed, and artificial turf is currently under analysis by DTSC—a process likely to lead to regulation. This raises a critical question: will fields currently installed meet future regulatory standards and be safe for our children and their environment? Notably, the consultant hired by the STC to oppose DTSC’s study and potential regulation is the same consultant employed by RPD for more than 15 years: David Teter. We identify this as a potential conflict of interest.
While Sunshine Laws do provide the public some access to RPD artificial turf management activities, RPD’s artificial turf standards and policies remain largely inaccessible and opaque to residents, voters, and taxpayers.
The following findings put forth by Keep Crocker Real, together with the information presented by Mr. Mauer and Mr. Teter demonstrates an organization repeatedly reacting rather than leading— leaving park users, neighbors, young athletes, and groundskeepers to serve as de facto test subjects while RPD’s long-term preferred vendors develop fixes or adjust chemical-laden products after problems emerge. When it comes to FieldTurf, Verde Design and Mr. Teter, RPD is loyal to the core.
Diversity of viewpoints are much needed. The public should not to rely exclusively on the marketing representatives of a multi-billion dollar plastic industry.
We all want RPD to thrive and serve the public effectively, and this response is not intended as an indictment of the entire park system. We love our parks. Rather, our hope is that RPD will provide greater transparency and clarity around its artificial turf standards so decision-makers are better equipped to shape sound guidelines and policies as RPD rapidly expands its portfolio of plastic fields, playgrounds, driving ranges and dog parks to more than 70 acres.
A Primer on Plastic
The recent seizure of Venezuelan oil reserves is a sign of things to come. More oil wars, human and environmental harm. Commercial manufacturing of plastics began in the 1950s, and production increased 250-fold as the petroleum industry pivoted toward plastics. Plastics break down into microplastics and nanoplastics and persist in the environment for decades. Please see this brief slideshow by epidemiologist and pediatrician Philip John Landrigan, which outlines the health harms we face across the plastic life cycle.
Information on the exact chemical formulations used to enhance the plastics that make up artificial turf is often limited and inconsistent. However, frequent additives include the following chemical classes: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) used to reduce product surface defects; ortho- phthalates to improve plastic processing; colorants to achieve desired coloration; antioxidants to withstand weathering; and stabilizers to prevent degradation from sun exposure (3M 2016; Hansen et al. 2014; Nilsson et al. 2008). Additionally, Zuccaro et al. (2023) detected several fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs)—known to degrade into more harmful PFAS—in artificial turf blades. With this complex mix of chemicals, It’s easy to see why Monsanto chose the name “Chemgrass” as the first marketed artificial turf product.
Infill Inconsistencies
Historically, crumb rubber has been used as infill and is made from shredded waste tires. It has been found to contain hazardous chemicals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, vanadium, zinc, 6PPD, acetone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and a variety of uncategorized chemicals, including vulcanization compounds used in rubber curing. The broad category of SVOCs includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters, and chemicals that may be applied to crumb rubber as biocides during the life of the artificial turf. Health effects associated with these chemicals and heavy metals include birth defects, cancer, nervous system damage, immune system suppression, and endocrine disruption. A recent study evaluated the potential carcinogenicity of 306 chemicals found in tire crumb and found that 197 met certain carcinogenicity criteria, while 58 were already listed as carcinogens by a government agency.
In the RPD artificial turf standards presentation, Mr. Mauer stated that RPD is moving away from rubber crumb infill in favor of cork and sand, without explaining why. Two playfield sites are still using rubber tire crumb, and remnants of crumb rubber are scattered throughout the gardens at Raymond Kimball Park, where worn plastic turf was recently replaced with new plastic. It took 23 semitrucks to haul the worn plastic carpet away. It remains unclear whether the shift to cork and sand is driven by cost savings, ease of maintenance, or growing public concern—such as the work of former professional soccer player and coach Amy Griffin, who has documented an expanding list of young athletes diagnosed with cancer.
At the same presentation, Mr. Mauer referenced California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) draft report, highlighting its conclusion that there were no significant health risks in rubber tire crumb infill. However, Jocelyn Claude, a staff toxicologist for the state, clarified that the report examined only tire infill and should not be interpreted as an official California endorsement of synthetic turf. She also noted that OEHHA did not evaluate the plastic turf blades, where PFAS chemicals have been detected. Amy Kyle, a UC Berkeley environmental health scientist and independent scientific adviser on the OEHHA panel, stated that she and other advisers raised concerns during public discussions about several aspects of the study’s design and methodology— concerns that were largely ignored. For example, when a UC Berkeley laboratory analyzed chemical signatures in the infill, it detected more than 400 chemicals but was able to identify only about 180 of them.
Cork infill also raises health concerns. Respiratory disease has been documented in cork workers exposed to cork dust. A 1973 study concluded that workers in the cork industry may suffer from various health complaints related to inhalation of cork dust, stating that “workers in factories where cork is processed and transformed into commercial products may acquire incapacitating disease of the respiratory tract.” Respiratory disease associated with cork dust exposure is known as suberosis.
Fungi that frequently colonize cork appear to play a role in this disease, although its exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
All infill materials carry environmental, maintenance, financial, practical, or health and safety concerns. Even so-called natural infills, including BrockFILL, have tested positive for PFAS . We are
particularly concerned about Mr. Mauer’s reference to RPD operations mixing cork and sand back into the earth without any microplastic filtration process. RPD should not be returning microplastic contaminants to the soil. Please develop safeguards around this concerning idea. Mr. Mauer did not mention what kind of sand he was referring to: regular sand, silica sand or acrylic-coated sand with its microplastic issues.
It is staggering to consider how much money, time, and public resources have been invested in developing alternative infills and “improved” plastic carpets in an effort to make artificial turf perform like natural grass. Plastic will never be real grass. Imagine what could have been achieved if those resources had instead been invested in maintaining and improving real grass playing fields for children.
PFAS Problems
There seems to be a new study on PFAS published almost every week. One of the most recent studies found that infant mortality was nearly 191% higher among babies whose mothers were exposed to PFAS through contaminated drinking water, compared with comparable populations. In the context of plastic playing fields, PFAS were not even considered until a 2019 test by a concerned environmental group detected PFAS in artificial turf. This likely means San Franciscans were exposed to PFAS on our playing fields for at least 17 years before the issue began receiving attention. That exposure continues today, and the plastic sports field industry has still not been able to demonstrate that truly PFAS-free artificial turf exists.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), there are now nearly 15,000 identified PFAS, and that number continues to grow rapidly. For context, in 2020 the EPA had identified approximately 12,039 PFAS. As more PFAS are identified, health concerns are also increasing as their toxicities are studied and better understood. The scope and urgency of the PFAS problem is emphasized by Dr. Graham Peaslee, Concurrent Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Notre Dame and a leading researcher on PFAS in consumer products. While Mr. Teter claimed in his presentation that FieldTurf has voluntarily removed all the “bad” PFAS, Dr. Peaslee has stated that PFAS are all bioaccumulative and persistent, and that “as much as we can study, it’s all toxic… so there’s no such thing as a good PFAS at this point.” Dr. Peaslee has also described PFAS as “probably the largest pollution problem facing the U.S.” Vasilis Vasiliou, chair and professor of environmental health sciences at Yale School of Public Health, told Newsweek, What we need now is stronger regulation, expanded monitoring, investment in water treatment, and a rapid phase-out of non-essential PFAS uses."
Another critical point Dr. Peaslee raises is that PFAS are not acute toxins; they are chronic toxins, meaning their harmful effects arise from long-term exposure. This means that the impacts on children who play on plastic grass for years may not become apparent until much later—possibly years or even decades after exposure.
When PFAS are combined with microplastics, lead, and other chemicals found in artificial turf systems, additional human health concerns arise due to the potential synergistic effects of mixed toxins. These effects can be further exacerbated by years of cumulative exposure. As noted by Environment & Human Health, Inc. (EHHI), an international task force of 170 cancer scientists known as the Halifax Project concluded: “Chemicals can sometimes act together to cause cancer, even when low-level exposures to individual chemicals might not be cancer-causing, or carcinogenic.” PVDF-HFP, a type of PFAS, has been identified as a chemical used in the manufacture of plastic grass blades. Dr. Peaslee has also stated that the production of PVDF-HFP itself requires the use of other PFAS. PVDF-HFP—and any other PFAS present—has the potential to leach from artificial turf components throughout the entire useful and post-use life of a field, exposing both the environment and players to toxicity, even at minute levels.
PFAS in plastic grass systems can leach from the time of manufacture, throughout use, and ultimately at disposal. If there is any doubt that this occurs on the field, consider that typical warranties allow for up to 50% blade loss over the warranty period (generally eight years). Where do those PFAS-laden macro-, micro-, and nanoplastic fragments go? Given the sheer size of sports fields —often around two acres—this represents a substantial amount of disintegrating plastic and PFAS entering the environment and potentially our children.
In a recent webinar
, Dr. Peaslee provided a “back-of-the-envelope” estimate illustrating the scale of the problem. Using the EPA’s regulatory limit of 4 ng/L for PFOA and PFOS, he estimated that just 12 milligrams of PFAS leaching from a single soccer field per year could contaminate approximately 800,000 gallons of runoff. To put this into perspective, one teaspoon is about 5,000 milligrams— meaning that only 12 milligrams (about 3/1250ths of a teaspoon) can contaminate hundreds of thousands of gallons of water. Compounding this concern, PVDF-HFP used in plastic grass manufacturing is suspected of degrading into the highly toxic PFOS.
Only a small fraction of PFAS have been studied to date. The vast majority—thousands upon thousands—cannot even be individually identified because no testing methods yet exist for them.
Even among the roughly 80 PFAS that can currently be detected (RPD tests for only 40), many have not been extensively studied for human health effects. Given that every PFAS studied so far has been found to be harmful in some way, this alone should be reason enough not to install PFAS-laden plastic grass in our playgrounds, dogparks, and sports fields—particularly when plastic turf is a nonessential outdoor surface and a viable, safer alternative already exists: real grass.
Mr. Teter pointed out the presence of PFAS in Tesla battery packs. Are PFAS found in many products? Yes. But society is only beginning to grapple with the scale of the PFAS problem, and the discussion is increasingly focused on essential versus non-essential uses. Plastic grass is a non- essential and unnecessary product. Many large corporations recognized the risks of PFAS years ago and have already phased them out or are actively removing them from their products, including Starbucks, McDonald’s, Yum Brands, Lululemon, L.L. Bean, and Patagonia.
The plastic grass industry actively opposed California Assembly Bill 1423, which would have limited PFAS in artificial turf systems and better protected children. Although the bill passed the Legislature, it was vetoed by Governor Newsom in 2023—not because he disagreed with its intent, but because it lacked regulatory oversight. As a result, the issue was referred to the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), which is already studying artificial turf with an eye toward regulation. Whether through future legislation or DTSC action, regulation is coming.
During the AB 1423 process, an industry lobbyist attempted to raise the proposed PFAS limit for plastic grass to 100 ppm, referring to “environmental PFAS” in the same misleading way the industry has long referred to “background PFAS” to downplay PFAS content in their products. The lobbyist also sought to delay implementation dates, claiming the industry needed more time to find suitable PFAS replacements. In reality, the industry has had decades to address this issue, and these arguments effectively acknowledged the very PFAS content and levels that the industry had long denied.
Tightening Testing Protocols
Mr. Teter claimed RPD has the most stringent testing program in the United States. Our review indicates there is significant room for improvement. At a minimum, and consistent with currently available testing methods, the following tests should be performed on all artificial turf components —including carpet, backing, infill, shock pads, and adhesives—by laboratories that are fully independent of the artificial turf industry and its promoters. This is necessary to credibly demonstrate whether components are truly PFAS-free. Mr. Mauer mentioned that RPD uses Brock shock pads which have been shown to contain PFAS in the past.
Children are uniquely vulnerable to chemical exposures. Not only are their minds developing, but their bodies also readily absorb contaminants through the lungs, digestive tract, skin, and eyes.
Installing plastic grass knowingly places children at heightened risk of exposure and effectively turns them into both recipients and vectors of toxic pollution.
Artificial turf manufacturers can adjust their products to pass narrow tests, and many existing tests are not anchored in real-world conditions. Factors such as sunlight, heat, rain, fog, and mechanical abrasion are often ignored. Testing protocols can also be manipulated—for example, by using deionized water instead of environmentally relevant extraction solutions (such as pH 4.2), altering method detection limits (MDLs), selecting inappropriate test methods, or analyzing only a limited subset of PFAS.
Surface Hardness Testing
Mr. Mauer said RPD tests for surface hardness every two years. This is insufficient and could result in avoidable injuries. Fields should be tested upon installation and then monitored regularly. The Sports Field Management Association (SFMA) states:
Field hardness levels should be tested upon installation of the field, then continue once per year or more. ASTM standards recommend measuring field hardness at least once per year. While these are the written recommendations, testing once per year is not likely to hold up in a liability court case. To ensure field safety, sports turf managers at all facility levels are advised to test throughout the season.
Practical Recommendations for a Defensible Testing Program Before concluding that artificial turf poses “low risk,” as Mr. Teter has in some of the internal testing documents we acquired, we recommend, at a minimum, the following study elements:
1. Transparency and data review: Obtain and review complete raw laboratory reports for existing modified EPA Method 537 analyses, including MDLs, recoveries, and blanks. Full transparency is essential.
2. Bulk and precursor assays on representative samples (both virgin and field-aged), including:
Total Fluorine (combustion-IC)
Extractable Organic Fluorine (EOF)
TOP assay (to convert PFAS precursors into measurable PFCAs/PFSAs) Non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening for unknown compounds and oligomers
3. Field-aged sampling: Collect turf from installed fields of varying ages, along with adjacent soils and stormwater runoff, and analyze all samples using both targeted and bulk methods.
4. Accelerated weathering and leaching studies: Subject samples to UV exposure, heat, and mechanical abrasion, followed by synthetic rainfall leachate collection and analysis.
5. Dust, particle, and inhalation pathways: Sample turf-derived dust and analyze PFAS concentrations and particle size distributions; include artificial lung fluid bioaccessibility testing.
6. Human exposure modeling: Use measured concentrations in dust and leachate to estimate child and athlete exposure via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and compare results to health-based guidance values.
7. Mass balance reporting: Compare Total Fluorine, EOF, and targeted PFAS results to identify unexplained fluorine. Any unexplained organofluorine must be further investigated.
8. Independent laboratory work and peer review: Conduct all testing through accredited laboratories and subject study design and results to independent scientific peer review.
Artificial Turf Task Force Findings
Mr. Mauer mentioned that a Task Force had been assembled to guide best practices and policies.
While these findings are not shared with the public, a Sunshine request turned up a document from 2019 titled, “Draft Review of San Francisco Policies Related to Synthetic Turf Field Drainage and Groundwater Quality Protection.” The draft memo included representatives from RPD, PUC and DPH. Based on a review of San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) sampling data, interdepartmental policy documents, and relevant literature, the Task Force found that artificial turf installations present unresolved risks to water quality, groundwater protection, and public health that are not fully addressed by existing standards or proposed updates.
Documented contamination of synthetic turf drainage
SFPUC field sampling of synthetic turf drainage in San Francisco detected contaminants at concentrations that equaled or exceeded drinking water standards, including the semi-volatile organic compound bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer commonly associated with rubber and plastic materials. In multiple early-season storm events, DEHP concentrations exceeded the drinking water maximum contaminant level (MCL), with one sample measured at more than an order of magnitude above the standard. These exceedances occurred four or more years after field installation, demonstrating that synthetic turf can remain an ongoing source of contamination rather than a short-term or construction-related issue
Persistent leaching associated with material degradation Sampling results indicate that elevated concentrations of dissolved metals and organic compounds occur years into the service life of synthetic turf fields. This pattern suggests continued material degradation and release of constituents over time, contradicting assumptions that synthetic turf becomes inert or chemically stable as it ages. The presence of contaminants well after installation raises concerns regarding long-term exposure pathways and lifecycle impacts that are not currently addressed in artificial turf standards.
First-flush contamination is likely underestimated
The Task Force finds that contaminant concentrations in synthetic turf drainage are highest during narrow early-season storm “first flush” events, following extended dry periods. SFPUC has acknowledged that required sampling protocols may not reliably capture these peak conditions, meaning that existing monitoring approaches may underestimate maximum contaminant loading.
This limitation reduces confidence that current testing requirements are sufficiently protective of groundwater and downstream waters.
Groundwater protection remains unresolved and inconsistent San Francisco policies promote stormwater infiltration through green infrastructure while simultaneously requiring protection of groundwater resources, particularly within the Westside Groundwater Basin, which is used and planned as a potable water supply. The Task Force finds that this policy conflict has not been resolved for artificial turf systems. Existing guidelines lack clear, site- specific standards demonstrating that soil filtration, biological treatment, and vertical separation distances are adequate to remove dissolved organic contaminants and metals prior to groundwater recharge
Reliance on natural attenuation lacks local validation
Assumptions that dilution, adsorption, and degradation will sufficiently attenuate synthetic turf contaminants before reaching groundwater are largely theoretical and not validated under San Francisco hydrogeologic conditions. The reviewed materials acknowledge uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of these processes for dissolved contaminants, and some studies warn that factors such as acidic rainwater or groundwater may increase leaching rates. The Task Force finds that reliance on generalized attenuation assumptions is insufficient for protecting local groundwater resources
Alternative infill materials are not proven risk-free
While alternative and organic infill materials are often proposed as lower-impact substitutes for crumb rubber, the Task Force finds no evidence that any infill material is free from potential contaminants. SFPUC documentation indicates that even non-SBR infills may leach chemicals of concern and that long-term performance and degradation pathways for these materials remain uncertain. Substitution of infill materials alone does not eliminate the need for comprehensive environmental review and monitoring.
Cumulative and lifecycle impacts are not addressed
Synthetic turf fields are typically replaced approximately every ten years, yet routine maintenance and replacement activities do not trigger stormwater or groundwater review under current policies.
With several dozen acres of synthetic turf already installed in San Francisco and additional projects proposed, the Task Force finds that cumulative contaminant loading and long-term environmental impacts are not adequately evaluated in existing standards.
Data gaps and lack of interdepartmental consensus persist The Task Force finds that key datasets remain limited in scope, that earlier sampling results were not fully analyzed for several years, and that interdepartmental consensus on synthetic turf drainage policy has not been achieved. Advancing or expanding artificial turf standards without resolving these gaps risks institutionalizing practices that may not be protective of environmental or public health interests
Unproven Recycling Claims
Mr. Mauer stated that RPD has been recycling artificial turf for the past ten years. However, a 2019 investigative article reported that RPD had shipped loads of worn artificial turf more than 8,000 miles to Malaysia. It remains unclear whether RPD verified that actual recycling occurred at the destination. The plastics industry frequently uses the term “recycled” in misleading ways. There is no credible evidence that artificial turf is truly recycled at scale. While a small fraction may be repurposed, the overwhelming majority ultimately ends up in landfills.
Mr. Mauer now asserts that RPD is working with FieldTurf to recycle turf through Circular Polymers, a company whose parent organization is currently undergoing bankruptcy proceedings. However, Joanne Brasch, Director of Advocacy at the California Product Stewardship Council, stated in an email to a Keep Crocker Real member: “Circular Polymers is a collector, sorter, and pre-processor; they do not actually recycle.” Mr. Mauer suggested that processed plastic would be used in products such as Trex decking. This process is more accurately described as downcycling—the conversion of materials into lower-quality plastics that remain toxic, combustible, continue to shed microplastics, leach hazardous chemicals, and cannot themselves be recycled, ultimately ending up in landfills.
Notably, Trex has publicly stated that it does not accept synthetic turf materials. When asked directly, Trex responded
: “Synthetic turf is not something we can accept into our process. There is no way to separate the polyethylene backing from the nylon fibers, and it would contain environmental contamination that our system cannot handle.”
Scientific research further undermines claims that recycling artificial turf is environmentally benign.
One study found that plastic recycling facilities may be a significant source of microplastic pollution in receiving waters, particularly particles smaller than 10 micrometers (Brown et al. 2023). The same study suggests that workers at recycling facilities may also be exposed to microplastics through inhalation. Additional research from China has demonstrated that microplastics have reached virtually all waterways (Zhang et al. 2018), raising serious concerns that artificial turf contributes to widespread and persistent environmental contamination.
Regardless of disposal method or location, every artificial turf field will continue to release PFAS and plastic pollution throughout its use phase and for hundreds of years afterward. Even if artificial turf were recycled, each successive manufacturing cycle would redistribute—and potentially concentrate —PFAS and other toxic chemicals into new products, perpetuating the problem rather than solving it.
It’s worth noting that California has laws regulating greenwashing claims.
FieldTurf’s History: Deceive and Adapt, Try Again
In an exercise to evaluate standards, it's fair to take a closer look at the company San Francisco taxpayers send millions of dollars to for the purchase of plastic fields. RPD has maintained a long-term relationship with its artificial turf supplier, FieldTurf. FieldTurf, a subsidiary of the multinational corporation Tarkett, has faced legal scrutiny in the past for selling defective products—and, more troublingly, for continuing to sell those products after it became aware of the defects. The company has also been caught making troubling PFAS-free claims.
In 2008, the People of the State of California—represented by Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr., the Los Angeles City Attorney, and the Solano County District Attorney—filed a lawsuit against FieldTurf USA, Inc. The complaint alleged violations of California’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65) and the state’s Unfair Competition Law. At the time, lead was commonly added to artificial turf fibers to maintain vibrant coloration, and independent testing—including testing conducted by the state—found that some FieldTurf products contained lead levels far above health-based standards. The case was resolved through a settlement in which FieldTurf paid penalties and agreed to reduce lead content in its products. Despite this history, RPD continued to rely on FieldTurf as a preferred vendor.
A 2016 Voice of San Diego investigation
found that more than 20 taxpayer-funded
artificial turf fields in San Diego County, installed with FieldTurf products, deteriorated prematurely—often within just a few years and well before their eight-year warranties expired. Public records showed that local schools paid tens of millions of dollars for turf that faded, balded, and shed fibers under normal use. FieldTurf offered failing customers either free replacement with the same defective material or a costly upgrade to supposedly more durable turf; some districts paid extra despite still being under warranty. Although the company acknowledged the defects and even sued its own supplier, many taxpayers were left to absorb the costs of repeated replacements.
Additional litigation followed a six-month NJ Advance Media investigation in 2024,
which found that FieldTurf made millions selling high-end turf to schools and municipalities nationwide while allegedly knowing the product would fail prematurely.
The turf product Duraspine reportedly lasted only about half as long as promised, deteriorated rapidly, and left athletes vulnerable to injury.
FieldTurf has also faced scrutiny for claims that it sells “PFAS-free” artificial turf. In a letter dated October 25, 2019, FieldTurf assured the Portsmouth City Council that its
products were “free of PFAS, PFOS, and fluorine.” However, after installation, testing revealed that the turf was not PFAS-free. This raises serious questions about why FieldTurf represented its products this way when the company understood how consumers interpret “PFAS-free” and knew PFAS were used in the manufacturing process.
In 2025, FieldTurf again attempted to advance PFAS-free claims in Palo Alto. The city consulted a university professor to independently evaluate FieldTurf’s PFAS testing results and concluded that the manufacturer’s claims were unsubstantiated. The review found that the turf fibers are primarily composed of a fluorinated polymer— polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)—which the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has identified as an intentionally added PFAS in artificial turf.
Microplastic Management Mayhem
In Mr. Mauer’s presentation, very little was said about microplastic management standards. Yet in reality, loose artificial turf blades and infill are extremely difficult to control once they begin to shed.
Fortunately, regulatory agencies are paying increasing attention to this problem. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has identified microplastics as a serious concern because of their environmental persistence, mobility, particle size, and potential to harm human health and the environment. Under California regulations, microplastics meet the hazard traits of environmental persistence and mobility (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 22, §§ 69405.3 and 69405.6). Because they move easily through environmental media, microplastics have become ubiquitous across ecosystems. They are now found in food supplies, can become airborne and inhaled, and have even been detected in umbilical cord blood, indicating fetal exposure. Data show that more than 4,000 species, including humans, have been exposed to microplastics, and that some of these exposures are harmful. Microplastics also meet the particle size and fiber dimension hazard trait because plastics readily degrade into microscopic particles in the environment (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 22, § 69405.7).
San Francisco’s wind and fog further complicate microplastic containment in our coastal environment. A regulation-size artificial turf field contains roughly 40,000 pounds of plastic carpet and more than 400,000 pounds of infill. As these materials degrade, they generate secondary microplastics from the turf blades, backing, and shock pads. A 2017 study found that a single synthetic turf field loses 0.5–0.8% of its blades each year, equivalent to 2,000–3,000 pounds of microplastic fibers annually per field. A 2025 California Coastal Commission (CCC) report adds that up to 300 million plastic fibers can be lost from a single full-size soccer field each year.
That same CCC report concludes that stormwater best management practices designed to capture microplastics from artificial turf have not been shown to be reliably effective. Only about 16% of turf fibers released from fields enter stormwater drains; most are transported off-site by wind, surface runoff, and players’ clothing. The report also notes that plastic granules, shreds, turf fibers, netting, and thin plastic materials are especially prone to shedding, and that liquid-applied plastic products— such as binders, coatings, and stabilizers—can also release microplastics over time through wear and weathering.
Critically, artificial turf fibers are commonly made of polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), which DTSC has identified as an intentionally added PFAS in turf. This raises a fundamental question about RPD’s standards: how does RPD currently collect and dispose of the plastic blades that are groomed or blown off the field? Research by the San Francisco Estuary Institute confirms that artificial turf fibers are ending up in
San Francisco Bay. Fortunately, the California Ocean Protection Council has recently adopted the state’s first Microplastics Strategy, which may provide a framework for improving RPD’s currently inadequate microplastic containment and elimination practices.
Artificial Turf Injury Risk
San Francisco athletes have a legitimate complaint about RPD groundskeepers not being adequately trained or equipped to manage gopher activity. While experts recommend installing gopher wire 16 to 24 inches below the playing surface to reduce injury risk, much of the public discussion this fall has focused instead on artificial turf–related injuries. These include the widely reported “turf toe” injury sustained by the San Francisco 49ers’ quarterback and the season-ending ACL tear suffered by rookie defensive end Mykel Williams while playing on FieldTurf plastic at MetLife Stadium.
Dr. Brian Feeley, an orthopedic surgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, has stated that
his research shows ACL and Achilles tendon injuries are more likely on artificial turf and more likely to require surgery. “Artificial turf doesn’t release cleats as easily,” he explained. “That puts more torque and strain on the knees and ankles.” Dr. Feeley has also warned of serious long-term consequences: “An ACL injury as a young athlete can keep you from playing at the next level and lead to arthritis in your 30s.”
Artificial turf has also been identified as a potential source of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, particularly due to skin abrasions and turf burns that commonly occur during play.
State of the Art Natural Grass
Many of us relish the memories of playing in grass, dirt, mud, rain and snow as kids. Those were the best times of our lives, however, times change and park management and some parents would prefer a playing environment that only appears to be more antiseptic, given the reality of chemical issues associated with plastic and rubberized surfaces. Maximizing hours of play and reducing maintenance by staff seems to be the top RPD priorities, according to Mr. Mauer’s presentation. Since this was an artificial turf standards presentation we didn’t get to hear about how RPD maintains its natural grass fields. We can point out, in the case of Crocker Amazon, the fields were last re-sodded 30 years ago. That’s a long, chemical-free benefit from a space that offers more than just baseball for the community and wildlife that lives there 24/7/365. Contrast that to the razor and blade, constant-need-for-replacement model the plastic fields require.
Mr. Mauer mentioned that natural grass fields wear out. What he didn’t mention was the seen and unseen microplastic breakdown of artificial turf blades which we’ve covered in other sections of this response. We’d like to demonstrate that a well-equipped, properly trained groundskeeping crew can get a lot of playable hours out of natural grass fields. In this section, we offer performance metrics from natural grass experts who properly designed, constructed, and maintained natural grass playing fields – including through organic turf management – as a viable, sustainable, and affordable alternative to artificial turf.
The following are success metrics from natural grass experts Expert: JERAD MINNICK- MARYLAND SOCCERPLEX
>500 matches/yr/field
25-30 hrs/week, spring/fall
40-50 hrs/week, weekends
50-60 hrs/week, summer
40-50 hrs/week, summer camps (8hrs/day, 7days/week)
Play 16 weeks straight in spring; 6 weeks of camp only; 14 weeks in fall Had a 21% increase in games 2023-2024 and found a way to accommodate increase Have not had to replace a single soccer field (have 20) in 24 years No games cancelled for rain (one for tornado; one for electrical storm) 11 FTEs for 160 acres of park: 50 acres of playing turf. Well below industry average even for RPD.
Most professional facilities have 2 people/field; SoccerPlex has 0.5FTE/field, seasonal staff for events. Rely on technology: robotic line painters; compaction testing weekly to decide decompaction program and schedule to minimize diesel fuel use and best manage staffing (SoccerPlex is a non- profit; “runs lean and mean.”)
Expert: PAM SHERRATT- OH STATE UNIVERSITY
25-50 hrs/week
Often no money from rental income goes back into field maintenance she has found; usage levels are high, maintenance levels are very low.
Expert: SUN ROSSLEIN- JEFFERSON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT, CO Centralized soccer and football stadiums for 6 high schools 30-35 football games/season
60 soccer games in 8 weeks
Boys/girls LaCrosse
Girls flag football
24 yr old stadium, just completed 2nd re-sod between hashes in 24 yrs.
Soccer field has never been resodded
Soccer stadium- 30 hrs/week
Football stadium- ~25hrs/week
Spring, LaCrosse on football field- ~35hrs/week
Games every nite/week, often double or triple headers
Only close fields due to lightening or heavy snow
Down time/resting fields: during sports season, Sunday; summers (schools out of session), usually rent out fields, renovate, recuperate.
Artificial Turf Industry: Natural Grass is Best
Even leaders within the artificial turf industry acknowledge the superiority of natural grass for athlete safety. Dan Sawyer, CEO of Brock—manufacturer of BrockFILL and supplier of RPD’s turf shock pads—has stated
that “all athletes prefer natural grass” and that “natural turf will always outperform, on a pretty significant level, the safety values you get when you compare it to synthetic turf.” AstroTurf, another industry leader, similarly recognizes natural grass as the gold standard.
These statements, however, are typically framed only in terms of injury and performance. What’s often overlooked is that natural grass is also the gold standard for environmental and human health.
Our children and youth deserve this holistic standard—one that means zero PFAS exposure, zero toxic additives, and zero petrochemical macro-, micro-, and nanoplastics.
Mr. Mauer also referenced a common plastics-industry talking point regarding pesticide use on natural grass. We would welcome greater transparency about RPD’s actual pesticide practices, as a West Sunset groundskeeper told us in-person that pesticides are not permitted on those fields.
Plastic grass proponents frequently focus on fertilizers and pesticides used on grass while ignoring the fact that, with modern turf management practices and improved grass varieties, these inputs can be significantly reduced or eliminated. What they fail to acknowledge is that artificial turf itself is made entirely of chemicals—hundreds, if not thousands, across its various components. There are approximately 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which 4,200 are considered hazardous and 3,600 remain unregulated. Artificial turf systems commonly include antimicrobials, heat reflectants, UV stabilizers, colorants, binders, and other additives. In general, the more functions manufacturers claim their turf can perform, the more chemicals are added.
In addition, artificial turf maintenance often involves cleaners, solvents, antistatic agents, and antimicrobial products. Many of these substances are stored in fluorinated plastic containers that can leach PFAS into their contents, creating yet another pathway for PFAS to enter soils, groundwater, and the broader environment. And even if every component of artificial turf were somehow PFAS-free, the product would still be a petrochemical plastic surface that sheds pollution.
Benefits of Properly Managed Natural Grass
Properly managed natural grass fields:
Provide equitable access to healthy playing surfaces for thousands of athletes Naturally cool the environment through evapotranspiration Produce oxygen and improve air quality
Sequester carbon and reduce pollution
Trap dust, dirt, and pollen
Reduce glare and light reflection
Absorb sound
Filter stormwater and reduce flooding
Break down organic chemicals and organic matter
Stabilize soil and reduce erosion through root systems
Support biodiversity above and below ground
Strengthen surrounding trees and ecosystems
Reduce the risk of heat, non-contact, and concussion injuries Promote mental wellness and reduce stress-related muscle tension Lessen ADHD symptoms in children and improve focus
Foster appreciation of nature
Enhance community appeal and property values
Sustainable
Do not leach microplastics or PFAS into the environment Cost is rarely mentioned by RPD when comparing artificial turf and natural grass, yet it’s far from insignificant. At a Santa Clara city budget meeting, the City’s Director of Parks and Recreation stated:
“Synthetic fields on the market are far and away more expensive than grass. Grass grows. We can add seed, soil, sun, water, and rest it. Synthetic turf does not regenerate. Every 8 to 10 years it must be replaced—and that’s just the turf. There’s also the mat, with a 20- to 25-year lifespan, and the substrate that must be addressed every time the mat is removed.
Just replacing the synthetic turf on a standard soccer field alone exceeds $1 million.
Across multiple facilities, replacement costs quickly reach $3–5 million.” Finally, we recommend that RPD seek guidance on natural grass best management practices from the Turfgrass Resource Institute (TURI) and the Sports Field Management Association, while investing in career development and training for groundskeepers and maintenance staff. One underutilized strength of RPD is its ability to cultivate a strong volunteer program of community- based, amateur groundskeepers. Parents and students who are passionate about sports are often willing to contribute time and earn service hours—many of which are now encouraged or required by schools.
Water, Fire and Carbon Pollution
Water Use and Water Contamination
Mr. Mauer presented artificial turf as a water-saving solution. This claim collapses once the full lifecycle water footprint of plastic grass is considered.
Independent lifecycle estimates indicate that approximately 3,744 liters (989 gallons) of water are required to manufacture one square meter of artificial turf. Applied to a regulation-size soccer field (about 81,000 square feet), this equates to nearly 7.5 million gallons of water consumed before the field is even installed. According to Alm (2016), manufacturing just one artificial turf field uses as much water as maintaining a natural grass field for four years. This alone undermines the premise that synthetic turf is a water-conservation strategy.
More importantly, every gallon of water that comes into contact with artificial turf becomes contaminated. Manufacturing water, maintenance water, rainfall, stormwater runoff, and landfill leachate are all exposed to:
Microplastics
PFAS (“forever chemicals”)
Plasticizers, stabilizers, dyes, and flame retardants
Rain that falls on artificial turf fields does not soak into soil or get filtered by living roots and microbes. Instead, it mobilizes contaminants and carries them directly into San Francisco’s storm drains and Bay.
A single artificial turf soccer field is estimated to leach approximately 12 milligrams of PFAS per year (Based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s drinking water limit of 4 parts per trillion for PFOS and PFOA). That amount of PFAS is enough to contaminate approximately 800,000 gallons of water annually. These chemicals persist indefinitely.
RPD’s artificial turf standards do not account for this permanent water contamination load.
Wastewater Treatment Limitations
Mr. Mauer indicated that RPD captures and routes water from their plastic fields directly into our sewage system. San Francisco’s wastewater system is not equipped to remove artificial turf pollutants.
The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) states clearly that technology capable of
removing or destroying PFAS at the required scale, cost, and effectiveness does not currently exist.
PFAS are extremely persistent, and standard wastewater treatment processes do not break them down. Routine PFAS monitoring by SFPUC only began in 2025, and the agency is still gathering baseline data.
Wastewater treatment plants do remove some microplastics through settling and biological processes—but a significant fraction still passes through into receiving waters. Studies show that San
Francisco’s treatment plants discharge measurable microplastics into the Bay, often at higher levels than many other U.S. facilities.
Phthalates, plastic additives, and other emerging contaminants associated with plastic turf are inadequately removed by conventional treatment processes.
Importantly, SFPUC does not plan to upgrade
its facilities to remove microplastics or PFAS. Instead, its strategy is to control pollution at the source. This makes RPD’s expansion of artificial turf—one of the largest sources of microplastic and PFAS pollution in urban parks—directly incompatible with regional water quality goals.
Fire Risk and Toxic Smoke
The artificial turf fire started by illegal fireworks this summer at Diablo High is one recent example of
how RPD’s expansion of artificial turf could create a growing fire and public safety hazard in a city that frequently celebrates with illegal fireworks..
San Francisco firefighters have responded to multiple fires involving synthetic playground and turf
surfaces, including repeated blazes at Lafayette Elementary School and Lincoln Park, which left melted plastic, burned synthetic rubber, and toxic debris behind. These fires have become more frequent and more intense and it’s not fair for taxpayers and donors to keep paying for replacement materials while being forced to endure toxins that are released into the air. The City is now spending approximately $4 million to resurface and repair 13 neighborhood playgrounds including Alta Plaza, Alamo Square, St. Mary’s Square, McCoppin Square, and playgrounds in the Mission, Sunset, Eureka Valley, and Potrero Hill. These will, no doubt, expand RPD’s plastic and rubber footprint.
Artificial turf and playground surfaces contain flammable plastics and synthetic rubber treated with chemical flame retardants
, including:
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)
Organophosphate flame retardants
These chemicals are associated with endocrine disruption, neurodevelopmental harm, and potential carcinogenic effects. When synthetic turf burns, it releases toxic smoke and contaminated runoff, creating emergency hazards for residents, first responders, and the environment.
Carbon and Climate Pollution
Artificial turf is a fossil-fuel product from cradle to grave. Its climate footprint extends far beyond installation.
The lifecycle includes:
Hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) for oil and gas
Petrochemical refining
Ethane cracking into plastic resin pellets
Turf fiber and backing manufacturing
Shock pad and infill production
Global shipping
Maintenance and grooming
Landfilling or illegal dumping
Centuries of degradation
As plastics degrade, they emit methane and ethylene, two powerful greenhouse gases. Methane traps over 90 times more heat than carbon dioxide in the near term, and land-based plastics emit twice as much methane and 76 times more ethylene as plastics in marine environments.
In April 2024, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory reported that greenhouse gas emissions from plastics are now four times higher than those from the aviation industry.
None of this pollution is included in RPD’s artificial turf standards or environmental reviews. And it’s worth noting that most of RPD’s plastic fields are placed in neighborhoods with high historic environmental injustice harms
.
Heat and Urban Climate Stress
Artificial turf also intensifies urban heat. San Francisco’s own Heat Index Map shows bright pink “hot spots” across synthetic turf and playground surfaces. Unlike living grass, plastic turf absorbs and re- radiates heat, raising surface and air temperatures, increasing dehydration risk, and worsening heat- related illness—especially for children.
Biodiversity Loss
The climate crisis and the plastic pollution crisis are together driving unprecedented biodiversity loss worldwide. At Crocker Amazon Park alone, more than 100 trees are slated for removal, 20 acres of living soil will be destroyed, and wildlife will be displaced—including the Tricolored Blackbird, a species listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act.
Mr. Mauer has stated that each of these historic trees chopped down for the artificial turf design footprint—many planted by WPA workers in 1938 as part of this cultural landscape—will be replaced on a two-for-one basis. Yet RPD’s own renovation renderings unrealistically depict these replacements as 30–50-foot-tall mature trees, not saplings that would take decades to provide comparable ecological value. Josh Klipp, a member of San Francisco’s Urban Forestry Council, has noted that since 2017 the City has barely planted trees at all and has largely failed to honor its promised two-for-one replacement policy. If RPD’s motivation is to reduce maintenance, it is also worth noting that surrounding plastic fields with trees that drop pine needles, acorns, and leaves would create ongoing conflicts with artificial turf operations.
It is not only trees and shrubs that will be lost. The park’s expansive lawn currently supports a vibrant food web and serves as critical foraging habitat for Red-tailed Hawks, swallows, Black Phoebes, American Robins, Northern Flickers, West Coast Lady butterflies, Fiery Skippers, and many other species.
Because nearly all plastic ever produced still exists, the ecological consequences of replacing living landscapes with plastic in our open space-starved city are profound.
None of RPD’s artificial turf standards evaluate impacts on adjacent sensitive sites, including the La Grande Community Garden and Hummingbird Farm, both of which depend on clean soil, water, and air.
Scientific evidence increasingly links synthetic turf and microplastic pollution to declining bird
populations, microplastic accumulation in pollinators such as bees, impaired plant photosynthesis and damage to ocean ecosystems. By 2021, researchers estimated more than 1,500 species had already ingested microplastics. These particles have been found from the summit of Mount Everest to the depths of the Mariana Trench, and most recently in the air exhaled by dolphins through their blowholes—a stark reminder that plastic pollution now permeates every corner of the biosphere.
Artificial turf itself has been found to reduce sparrow populations.
Conclusion
In San Francisco, we value recreation—but we also demand healthy human environments and thriving nature. San Franciscans expect the Recreation and Park Department’s standards to be world-class. We are a city that bans plastic bags and plastic straws, promotes Zero Waste, adopted a Biodiversity Resolution and committed to an ambitious Climate Action Plan. We even recently celebrated our firefighters receiving PFAS-free protective gear because we recognize the dangers of toxic chemicals.
San Francisco prides itself on being future-focused and science-driven. By contrast, artificial turf increasingly looks like cigarettes, leaded gasoline, and asbestos insulation—products once widely accepted, now understood as dangerous relics of the past. We hope you join us and these national orgs in encouraging the playfield standard to be natural grass.
KCR Response to SFRPD Artificial Turf Standards Presentation Keep Crocker Real is pleased to offer a response to information presented to the Recreation and Park Commission by Dan Mauer and David Teter on December 18, 2025, regarding RPD’s artificial turf standards.
Please note our comments include links to independent research and reference materials. By contrast, the
plastic
grass
industry
is
largely
unregulated
and
is
able
to
shield
product
ingredients
under
claims
of
“confidential
business
information.”
As
a
result,
independent
scientists
and
researchers
have
been
forced
to
spend
significant
time,
public
resources,
and
consumer
dollars
reverse-engineering
products
to
identify
chemicals
such
as
PFAS
in
artificial
turf.
The
plastic
grass
industry
has
actively
resisted
regulation.
For
example,
the
Synthetic
Turf
Council
(STC)
opposed
the
inclusion
of
artificial
turf
in
the
California
Department
of
Toxic
Substances
Control’s
(DTSC)
2021–23
Priority
Product
Work
Plan,
which
would
have
enabled
an
independent
study
and
potential
regulation.
The
STC
did
not
succeed,
and
artificial
turf
is
currently
under
analysis
by
DTSC—a
process
likely
to
lead
to
regulation.
This
raises
a
critical
question:
will
fields
currently
installed
meet
future
regulatory
standards
and
be
safe
for
our
children
and
their
environment?
Notably, the consultant hired by the STC to oppose DTSC’s study and potential regulation is the same consultant
employed
by
RPD
for
more
than
15 years:
David
Teter.
We
identify
this
as
a
potential
conflict
of
interest.
While Sunshine Laws do provide the public some access to RPD artificial turf management activities, RPD’s
artificial
turf
standards
and
policies
remain
largely
inaccessible
and
opaque
to
residents,
voters,
and
taxpayers.
The following findings put forth by Keep Crocker Real, together with the information presented by Mr.
Mauer
and
Mr.
Teter
demonstrates
an
organization
repeatedly
reacting
rather
than
leading—leaving
park
users,
neighbors,
young
athletes,
and
groundskeepers
to
serve
as
de
facto
test
subjects
while
RPD’s
long-term
preferred
vendors
develop
fixes
or
adjust
chemical-laden
products
after
problems
emerge.
When
it
comes
to
FieldTurf,
Verde
Design
and
Mr.
Teter,
RPD
is
loyal
to
the
core.
Diversity
of
viewpoints
are
much
needed.
The
public
should
not
to
rely
exclusively
on
the
marketing
representatives
of
a
multi-billion
dollar
plastic
industry.
We all want RPD to thrive and serve the public effectively, and this response is not intended as an indictment
of
the
entire
park
system.
We
love
our
parks.
Rather,
our
hope
is
that
RPD
will
provide
greater
transparency
and
clarity
around
its
artificial
turf
standards
so
decision-makers
are
better
equipped
to
shape
sound
guidelines
and
policies
as
RPD
rapidly
expands
its
portfolio
of
plastic
fields,
playgrounds,
driving
ranges
and
dog
parks
to
more
than
70 acres.
A Primer on Plastic
The recent seizure of Venezuelan oil reserves is a sign of things to come. More oil wars, human and environmental
harm.
Commercial
manufacturing
of
plastics
began
in
the
1950s,
and
production
increased
250-fold
as
the
petroleum
industry
pivoted
toward
plastics.
Plastics
break
down
into
microplastics and nanoplastics and persist in the environment for decades. Please see this brief slideshow by epidemiologist and pediatrician Philip John Landrigan, which outlines the health harms we face across the plastic life cycle.
Information on the exact chemical formulations used to enhance the plastics that make up artificial turf is
often
limited
and
inconsistent.
However,
frequent
additives
include
the
following
chemical
classes:
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
used
to
reduce
product
surface
defects;
ortho-phthalates
to
improve
plastic
processing;
colorants
to
achieve
desired
coloration;
antioxidants
to
withstand
weathering;
and
stabilizers
to
prevent
degradation
from
sun
exposure
(3M
2016;
Hansen
et
al.
2014;
Nilsson
et
al.
2008).
Additionally,
Zuccaro
et
al.
(2023)
detected
several
fluorotelomer
alcohols
(FTOHs)—known
to
degrade
into
more
harmful
PFAS—in
artificial
turf
blades.
With
this
complex
mix
of
chemicals,
It’s
easy
to
see
why
Monsanto
chose
the
name
“Chemgrass”
as
the
first
marketed
artificial
turf
product.
Infill Inconsistencies
Historically, crumb rubber has been used as infill and is made from shredded waste tires. It has been found to contain hazardous chemicals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, vanadium, zinc, 6PPD, acetone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and a variety of uncategorized chemicals, including vulcanization compounds used in rubber curing. The broad category of SVOCs includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters, and chemicals that may be applied to crumb rubber as biocides during the life of the artificial turf. Health effects associated
with
these
chemicals
and
heavy
metals
include
birth
defects,
cancer,
nervous
system
damage,
immune system suppression, and endocrine disruption. A recent study evaluated the potential carcinogenicity of 306 chemicals found in tire crumb and found that 197 met certain carcinogenicity criteria,
while
58 were
already
listed
as
carcinogens
by
a
government
agency.
In the RPD artificial turf standards presentation, Mr. Mauer stated that RPD is moving away from rubber crumb
infill
in
favor
of
cork
and
sand,
without
explaining
why.
Two
playfield
sites
are
still
using
rubber
tire crumb, and remnants of crumb rubber are scattered throughout the gardens at Raymond Kimball Park, where worn plastic turf was recently replaced with new plastic. It took 23 semitrucks to haul the worn
plastic
carpet
away.
It
remains
unclear
whether
the
shift
to
cork
and
sand
is
driven
by
cost
savings,
ease
of
maintenance,
or
growing
public
concern—such
as
the
work
of
former
professional
soccer
player
and coach Amy Griffin, who has documented an expanding list of young athletes diagnosed with cancer.
At the same presentation, Mr. Mauer referenced California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
(OEHHA)
draft
report,
highlighting
its
conclusion
that
there
were
no
significant
health
risks
in
rubber tire crumb infill. However, Jocelyn Claude, a staff toxicologist for the state, clarified that the report examined only tire infill and should not be interpreted as an official California endorsement of synthetic
turf.
She
also
noted
that
OEHHA
did
not
evaluate
the
plastic
turf
blades,
where
PFAS
chemicals
have
been
detected.
Amy
Kyle,
a
UC
Berkeley
environmental
health
scientist
and
independent
scientific
adviser on the OEHHA panel, stated that she and other advisers raised concerns during public discussions about several aspects of the study’s design and methodology—concerns that were largely ignored.
For
example,
when
a
UC
Berkeley
laboratory
analyzed
chemical
signatures
in
the
infill,
it
detected
more
than
400
chemicals
but
was
able
to
identify
only
about
180
of
them.
Cork infill also raises health concerns. Respiratory disease has been documented in cork workers exposed to cork dust. A 1973 study concluded that workers in the cork industry may suffer from various health complaints related to inhalation of cork dust, stating that “workers in factories where cork is processed and
transformed
into
commercial
products
may
acquire
incapacitating
disease
of
the
respiratory
tract.”
Respiratory
disease
associated
with
cork
dust
exposure
is
known
as
suberosis.
Fungi
that
frequently
colonize
cork
appear
to
play
a
role
in
this
disease,
although
its
exact
mechanisms
are
not
fully
understood.
All infill materials carry environmental, maintenance, financial, practical, or health and safety concerns. Even so-called natural infills, including BrockFILL, have tested positive for PFAS. We are particularly concerned about Mr. Mauer’s reference to RPD operations mixing cork and sand back into the earth without
any
microplastic
filtration
process.
RPD
should
not
be
returning
microplastic
contaminants
to
the
soil.
Please
develop
safeguards
around
this
concerning
idea.
Mr.
Mauer
did
not
mention
what
kind
of
sand
he
was
referring
to:
regular
sand,
silica
sand
or
acrylic-coated
sand
with
its
microplastic
issues.
It is staggering to consider how much money, time, and public resources have been invested in developing
alternative
infills
and
“improved”
plastic
carpets
in
an
effort
to
make
artificial
turf
perform
like
natural
grass.
Plastic
will
never
be
real
grass.
Imagine
what
could
have
been
achieved
if
those
resources
had
instead
been
invested
in
maintaining
and
improving
real
grass
playing
fields
for
children.
PFAS Problems
There seems to be a new study on PFAS published almost every week. One of the most recent studies found that infant mortality was nearly 191% higher among babies whose mothers were exposed to PFAS through
contaminated
drinking
water,
compared
with
comparable
populations.
In
the
context
of
plastic
playing fields, PFAS were not even considered until a 2019 test by a concerned environmental group detected PFAS in artificial turf. This likely means San Franciscans were exposed to PFAS on our playing fields
for
at
least
17 years
before
the
issue
began
receiving
attention.
That
exposure
continues
today,
and
the
plastic
sports
field
industry
has
still
not
been
able
to
demonstrate
that
truly
PFAS-free
artificial
turf
exists.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), there are now nearly 15,000 identified PFAS, and that number continues to grow rapidly. For context, in 2020 the EPA had identified approximately 12,039 PFAS. As more PFAS are identified, health concerns are also increasing as their toxicities
are
studied
and
better
understood.
The
scope
and
urgency
of
the
PFAS
problem
is
emphasized
by
Dr.
Graham
Peaslee,
Concurrent
Professor
of
Chemistry
and
Biochemistry
at
the
University
of
Notre
Dame
and
a
leading
researcher
on
PFAS
in
consumer
products.
While
Mr.
Teter
claimed
in
his
presentation that FieldTurf has voluntarily removed all the “bad” PFAS, Dr. Peaslee has stated that PFAS are all bioaccumulative and persistent, and that “as much as we can study, it’s all toxic … so there’s no such
thing
as
a
good
PFAS
at
this
point.”
Dr.
Peaslee
has
also
described
PFAS
as
“probably
the
largest
pollution
problem
facing
the
U.S.”
Vasilis
Vasiliou,
chair
and
professor
of
environmental
health
sciences
at Yale School of Public Health, told Newsweek, What we need now is stronger regulation, expanded monitoring, investment in water treatment, and a rapid phase-out of non-essential PFAS uses." Another critical point Dr. Peaslee raises is that PFAS are not acute toxins; they are chronic toxins, meaning
their
harmful
effects
arise
from
long-term
exposure.
This
means
that
the
impacts
on
children
who
play
on
plastic
grass
for
years
may
not
become
apparent
until
much
later—possibly
years
or
even
decades
after
exposure.
When PFAS are combined with microplastics, lead, and other chemicals found in artificial turf systems, additional
human
health
concerns
arise
due
to
the
potential
synergistic
effects
of
mixed
toxins.
These
effects can be further exacerbated by years of cumulative exposure. As noted by Environment & Human Health, Inc. (EHHI), an international task force of 170 cancer scientists known as the Halifax Project concluded: “Chemicals can sometimes act together to cause cancer, even when low-level exposures to individual
chemicals
might
not
be
cancer-causing,
or
carcinogenic.”
PVDF-HFP, a type of PFAS, has been identified as a chemical used in the manufacture of plastic grass blades. Dr. Peaslee has also stated that the production of PVDF-HFP itself requires the use of other PFAS. PVDF-HFP—and any other PFAS present—has the potential to leach from artificial turf components throughout
the
entire
useful
and
post-use
life
of
a
field,
exposing
both
the
environment
and
players
to
toxicity,
even
at
minute
levels.
PFAS in plastic grass systems can leach from the time of manufacture, throughout use, and ultimately at disposal.
If
there
is
any
doubt
that
this
occurs
on
the
field,
consider
that
typical
warranties
allow
for
up
to
50%
blade
loss
over
the
warranty
period
(generally
eight
years).
Where
do
those
PFAS-laden
macro-,
micro-,
and
nanoplastic
fragments
go?
Given
the
sheer
size
of
sports
fields—often
around
two
acres—this
represents
a
substantial
amount
of
disintegrating
plastic
and
PFAS
entering
the
environment
and
potentially
our
children.
In a recent webinar, Dr. Peaslee provided a “back-of-the-envelope” estimate illustrating the scale of the problem. Using the EPA’s regulatory limit of 4 ng/L for PFOA and PFOS, he estimated that just 12 milligrams
of
PFAS
leaching
from
a
single
soccer
field
per
year
could
contaminate
approximately
800,000
gallons
of
runoff.
To
put
this
into
perspective,
one
teaspoon
is
about
5,000
milligrams—meaning
that
only
12 milligrams
(about
3/1250ths
of
a
teaspoon)
can
contaminate
hundreds
of
thousands
of
gallons
of
water.
Compounding
this
concern,
PVDF-HFP
used
in
plastic
grass
manufacturing
is
suspected
of
degrading
into
the
highly
toxic
PFOS.
Only a small fraction of PFAS have been studied to date. The vast majority—thousands upon thousands—cannot
even
be
individually
identified
because
no
testing
methods
yet
exist
for
them.
Even
among the roughly 80 PFAS that can currently be detected (RPD tests for only 40), many have not been extensively studied for human health effects. Given that every PFAS studied so far has been found to be harmful
in
some
way,
this
alone
should
be
reason
enough
not
to
install
PFAS-laden
plastic
grass
in
our
playgrounds,
dogparks,
and
sports
fields—particularly
when
plastic
turf
is
a
nonessential
outdoor
surface
and
a
viable,
safer
alternative
already
exists:
real
grass.
Mr. Teter pointed out the presence of PFAS in Tesla battery packs. Are PFAS found in many products? Yes.
But
society
is
only
beginning
to
grapple
with
the
scale
of
the
PFAS
problem,
and
the
discussion
is
increasingly
focused
on
essential
versus
non-essential
uses.
Plastic
grass
is
a
non-essential
and
unnecessary
product.
Many
large
corporations
recognized
the
risks
of
PFAS
years
ago
and
have
already
phased them out or are actively removing them from their products, including Starbucks, McDonald’s, Yum Brands, Lululemon, L.L. Bean, and Patagonia.
The plastic grass industry actively opposed California Assembly Bill 1423, which would have limited PFAS in
artificial
turf
systems
and
better
protected
children.
Although
the
bill
passed
the
Legislature,
it
was
vetoed
by
Governor
Newsom
in
2023—not
because
he
disagreed
with
its
intent,
but
because
it
lacked
regulatory
oversight.
As
a
result,
the
issue
was
referred
to
the
California
Department
of
Toxic
Substances
Control (DTSC), which is already studying artificial turf with an eye toward regulation. Whether through future
legislation
or
DTSC
action,
regulation
is
coming.
During the AB 1423 process, an industry lobbyist attempted to raise the proposed PFAS limit for plastic grass
to
100
ppm,
referring
to
“environmental
PFAS”
in
the
same
misleading
way
the
industry
has
long
referred
to
“background
PFAS”
to
downplay
PFAS
content
in
their
products.
The
lobbyist
also
sought
to
delay
implementation
dates,
claiming
the
industry
needed
more
time
to
find
suitable
PFAS
replacements.
In
reality,
the
industry
has
had
decades
to
address
this
issue,
and
these
arguments
effectively
acknowledged
the
very
PFAS
content
and
levels
that
the
industry
had
long
denied.
Tightening Testing Protocols
Mr. Teter claimed RPD has the most stringent testing program in the United States. Our review indicates there
is
significant
room
for
improvement.
At
a
minimum,
and
consistent
with
currently
available
testing
methods,
the
following
tests
should
be
performed
on
all
artificial
turf
components—including
carpet,
backing,
infill,
shock
pads,
and
adhesives—by
laboratories
that
are
fully
independent
of
the
artificial
turf
industry
and
its
promoters.
This
is
necessary
to
credibly
demonstrate
whether
components
are
truly
PFAS-free. Mr. Mauer mentioned that RPD uses Brock shock pads which have been shown to contain PFAS in the past.
Children are uniquely vulnerable to chemical exposures. Not only are their minds developing, but their bodies
also
readily
absorb
contaminants
through
the
lungs,
digestive
tract,
skin,
and
eyes.
Installing
plastic
grass
knowingly
places
children
at
heightened
risk
of
exposure
and
effectively
turns
them
into
both
recipients
and
vectors
of
toxic
pollution.
Artificial turf manufacturers can adjust their products to pass narrow tests, and many existing tests are not
anchored
in
real-world
conditions.
Factors
such
as
sunlight,
heat,
rain,
fog,
and
mechanical
abrasion
are
often
ignored.
Testing
protocols
can
also
be
manipulated—for
example,
by
using
deionized
water
instead
of
environmentally
relevant
extraction
solutions
(such
as
pH
4.2),
altering
method
detection
limits
(MDLs),
selecting
inappropriate
test
methods,
or
analyzing
only
a
limited
subset
of
PFAS.
Surface Hardness Testing
Mr. Mauer said RPD tests for surface hardness every two years. This is insufficient and could result in avoidable injuries. Fields should be tested upon installation and then monitored regularly. The Sports Field Management Association (SFMA) states:
Field hardness levels should be tested upon installation of the field, then continue once per year
or
more.
ASTM
standards
recommend
measuring
field
hardness
at
least
once
per
year.
While
these
are
the
written
recommendations,
testing
once
per
year
is
not
likely
to
hold
up
in
a
liability
court
case.
To
ensure
field
safety,
sports
turf
managers
at
all
facility
levels
are
advised
to
test
throughout
the
season.
Practical Recommendations for a Defensible Testing Program Before concluding that artificial turf poses “low risk,” as Mr. Teter has in some of the internal testing documents
we
acquired,
we
recommend,
at
a
minimum,
the
following
study
elements:
1. Transparency and data review: Obtain and review complete raw laboratory reports for existing modified
EPA
Method
537
analyses,
including
MDLs,
recoveries,
and
blanks.
Full
transparency
is
essential.
2. Bulk and precursor assays on representative samples (both virgin and field-aged), including: ○ Total Fluorine (combustion-IC) ○ Extractable Organic Fluorine (EOF) ○ TOP assay (to convert PFAS precursors into measurable PFCAs/PFSAs) ○ Non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) screening for unknown compounds
and
oligomers
3. Field-aged sampling: Collect turf from installed fields of varying ages, along with adjacent soils and
stormwater
runoff,
and
analyze
all
samples
using
both
targeted
and
bulk
methods.
4. Accelerated weathering and leaching studies: Subject samples to UV exposure, heat, and mechanical
abrasion,
followed
by
synthetic
rainfall
leachate
collection
and
analysis.
5. Dust, particle, and inhalation pathways: Sample turf-derived dust and analyze PFAS concentrations
and
particle
size
distributions;
include
artificial
lung
fluid
bioaccessibility
testing.
6. Human exposure modeling: Use measured concentrations in dust and leachate to estimate child and
athlete
exposure
via
ingestion,
inhalation,
and
dermal
contact,
and
compare
results
to
health-based
guidance
values.
7. Mass balance reporting: Compare Total Fluorine, EOF, and targeted PFAS results to identify unexplained
fluorine.
Any
unexplained
organofluorine
must
be
further
investigated.
8. Independent laboratory work and peer review: Conduct all testing through accredited laboratories
and
subject
study
design
and
results
to
independent
scientific
peer
review.
Artificial Turf Task Force Findings
Mr. Mauer mentioned that a Task Force had been assembled to guide best practices and policies. While these
findings
are
not
shared
with
the
public,
a
Sunshine
request
turned
up
a
document
from
2019
titled, “Draft Review of San Francisco Policies Related to Synthetic Turf Field Drainage and Groundwater Quality Protection.” The draft memo included representatives from RPD, PUC and DPH. Based on a review of San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) sampling data, interdepartmental policy documents,
and
relevant
literature,
the
Task
Force
found
that
artificial
turf
installations
present
unresolved
risks
to
water
quality,
groundwater
protection,
and
public
health
that
are
not
fully
addressed
by
existing
standards
or
proposed
updates.
Documented contamination of synthetic turf drainage SFPUC field sampling of synthetic turf drainage in San Francisco detected contaminants at concentrations that
equaled
or
exceeded
drinking
water
standards,
including
the
semi-volatile
organic
compound
bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate
(DEHP),
a
plasticizer
commonly
associated
with
rubber
and
plastic
materials.
In
multiple
early-season
storm
events,
DEHP
concentrations
exceeded
the
drinking
water
maximum
contaminant
level
(MCL),
with
one
sample
measured
at
more
than
an
order
of
magnitude
above
the
standard.
These
exceedances
occurred
four
or
more
years
after
field
installation,
demonstrating
that
synthetic
turf
can
remain
an
ongoing
source
of
contamination
rather
than
a
short-term
or
construction-related
issue
Persistent leaching associated with material degradation Sampling results indicate that elevated concentrations of dissolved metals and organic compounds occur years
into
the
service
life
of
synthetic
turf
fields.
This
pattern
suggests
continued
material
degradation
and
release
of
constituents
over
time,
contradicting
assumptions
that
synthetic
turf
becomes
inert
or
chemically
stable
as
it
ages.
The
presence
of
contaminants
well
after
installation
raises
concerns
regarding
long-term
exposure
pathways
and
lifecycle
impacts
that
are
not
currently
addressed
in
artificial
turf
standards.
First-flush contamination is likely underestimated
The Task Force finds that contaminant concentrations in synthetic turf drainage are highest during narrow
early-season
storm
“first
flush”
events,
following
extended
dry
periods.
SFPUC
has
acknowledged
that
required
sampling
protocols
may
not
reliably
capture
these
peak
conditions,
meaning
that
existing
monitoring
approaches
may
underestimate
maximum
contaminant
loading.
This
limitation
reduces
confidence
that
current
testing
requirements
are
sufficiently
protective
of
groundwater
and
downstream
waters.
Groundwater protection remains unresolved and inconsistent San Francisco policies promote stormwater infiltration through green infrastructure while simultaneously requiring
protection
of
groundwater
resources,
particularly
within
the
Westside
Groundwater
Basin,
which
is
used
and
planned
as
a
potable
water
supply.
The
Task
Force
finds
that
this
policy
conflict
has
not
been
resolved
for
artificial
turf
systems.
Existing
guidelines
lack
clear,
site-specific
standards
demonstrating
that
soil
filtration,
biological
treatment,
and
vertical
separation
distances
are
adequate
to
remove
dissolved
organic
contaminants
and
metals
prior
to
groundwater
recharge
Reliance on natural attenuation lacks local validation Assumptions that dilution, adsorption, and degradation will sufficiently attenuate synthetic turf contaminants
before
reaching
groundwater
are
largely
theoretical
and
not
validated
under
San
Francisco
hydrogeologic
conditions.
The
reviewed
materials
acknowledge
uncertainty
regarding
the
effectiveness
of
these
processes
for
dissolved
contaminants,
and
some
studies
warn
that
factors
such
as
acidic
rainwater or groundwater may increase leaching rates. The Task Force finds that reliance on generalized attenuation
assumptions
is
insufficient
for
protecting
local
groundwater
resources
Alternative infill materials are not proven risk-free While alternative and organic infill materials are often proposed as lower-impact substitutes for crumb rubber,
the
Task
Force
finds
no
evidence
that
any
infill
material
is
free
from
potential
contaminants.
SFPUC
documentation
indicates
that
even
non-SBR
infills
may
leach
chemicals
of
concern
and
that
long-term
performance
and
degradation
pathways
for
these
materials
remain
uncertain.
Substitution
of
infill
materials
alone
does
not
eliminate
the
need
for
comprehensive
environmental
review
and
monitoring.
Cumulative and lifecycle impacts are not addressed Synthetic turf fields are typically replaced approximately every ten years, yet routine maintenance and replacement
activities
do
not
trigger
stormwater
or
groundwater
review
under
current
policies.
With
several
dozen
acres
of
synthetic
turf
already
installed
in
San
Francisco
and
additional
projects
proposed,
the
Task
Force
finds
that
cumulative
contaminant
loading
and
long-term
environmental
impacts
are
not
adequately
evaluated
in
existing
standards.
Data gaps and lack of interdepartmental consensus persist The Task Force finds that key datasets remain limited in scope, that earlier sampling results were not fully
analyzed
for
several
years,
and
that
interdepartmental
consensus
on
synthetic
turf
drainage
policy
has
not
been
achieved.
Advancing
or
expanding
artificial
turf
standards
without
resolving
these
gaps
risks
institutionalizing
practices
that
may
not
be
protective
of
environmental
or
public
health
interests
Unproven Recycling Claims
Mr. Mauer stated that RPD has been recycling artificial turf for the past ten years. However, a 2019 investigative article reported that RPD had shipped loads of worn artificial turf more than 8,000 miles to Malaysia. It remains unclear whether RPD verified that actual recycling occurred at the destination. The plastics
industry
frequently
uses
the
term
“recycled”
in
misleading
ways.
There
is
no
credible
evidence
that
artificial
turf
is
truly
recycled
at
scale.
While
a
small
fraction
may
be
repurposed,
the
overwhelming
majority
ultimately
ends
up
in
landfills.
Mr. Mauer now asserts that RPD is working with FieldTurf to recycle turf through Circular Polymers, a company whose parent organization is currently undergoing bankruptcy proceedings. However, Joanne Brasch, Director of Advocacy at the California Product Stewardship Council, stated in an email to a Keep Crocker
Real
member:
“Circular
Polymers
is
a
collector,
sorter,
and
pre-processor;
they
do
not
actually
recycle.”
Mr.
Mauer
suggested
that
processed
plastic
would
be
used
in
products
such
as
Trex
decking.
This
process
is
more
accurately
described
as
downcycling—the
conversion
of
materials
into
lower-quality
plastics that remain toxic, combustible, continue to shed microplastics, leach hazardous chemicals, and cannot
themselves
be
recycled,
ultimately
ending
up
in
landfills.
Notably, Trex has publicly stated that it does not accept synthetic turf materials. When asked directly, Trex responded: “Synthetic turf is not something we can accept into our process. There is no way to separate the polyethylene backing from the nylon fibers, and it would contain environmental contamination
that
our
system
cannot
handle.”
Scientific research further undermines claims that recycling artificial turf is environmentally benign. One study
found
that
plastic
recycling
facilities
may
be
a
significant
source
of
microplastic
pollution
in
receiving
waters,
particularly
particles
smaller
than
10 micrometers
(Brown
et
al.
2023).
The
same
study
suggests
that
workers
at
recycling
facilities
may
also
be
exposed
to
microplastics
through
inhalation.
Additional
research
from
China
has
demonstrated
that
microplastics
have
reached
virtually
all
waterways
(Zhang
et
al.
2018),
raising
serious
concerns
that
artificial
turf
contributes
to
widespread
and
persistent
environmental
contamination.
Regardless of disposal method or location, every artificial turf field will continue to release PFAS and plastic
pollution
throughout
its
use
phase
and
for
hundreds
of
years
afterward.
Even
if
artificial
turf
were
recycled,
each
successive
manufacturing
cycle
would
redistribute—and
potentially
concentrate—PFAS
and
other
toxic
chemicals
into
new
products,
perpetuating
the
problem
rather
than
solving
it.
It’s worth noting that California has laws regulating greenwashing claims.
FieldTurf’s History: Deceive and Adapt, Try Again In an exercise to evaluate standards, it's fair to take a closer look at the company San Francisco taxpayers send
millions
of
dollars
to
for
the
purchase
of
plastic
fields.
RPD
has
maintained
a
long-term
relationship
with
its
artificial
turf
supplier,
FieldTurf.
FieldTurf,
a
subsidiary
of
the
multinational
corporation
Tarkett,
has
faced
legal
scrutiny
in
the
past
for
selling
defective
products—and,
more
troublingly,
for
continuing
to
sell
those
products
after
it
became
aware
of
the
defects.
The
company
has
also
been
caught
making
troubling
PFAS-free
claims.
In 2008, the People of the State of California—represented by Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr., the Los Angeles City Attorney, and the Solano County District Attorney—filed a lawsuit against FieldTurf USA, Inc. The complaint alleged violations of California’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of
1986
(Proposition
65)
and
the
state’s
Unfair
Competition
Law.
At
the
time,
lead
was
commonly
added
to
artificial
turf
fibers
to
maintain
vibrant
coloration,
and
independent
testing—including
testing
conducted
by
the
state—found
that
some
FieldTurf
products
contained
lead
levels
far
above
health-based
standards.
The
case
was
resolved
through
a
settlement
in
which
FieldTurf
paid
penalties
and agreed to reduce lead content in its products. Despite this history, RPD continued to rely on FieldTurf as
a
preferred
vendor.
A 2016 Voice of San Diego investigation found that more than 20 taxpayer-funded artificial turf fields in San Diego County, installed with FieldTurf products, deteriorated prematurely—often within just a few years
and
well
before
their
eight-year
warranties
expired.
Public
records
showed
that
local
schools
paid
tens
of
millions
of
dollars
for
turf
that
faded,
balded,
and
shed
fibers
under
normal
use.
FieldTurf
offered
failing
customers
either
free
replacement
with
the
same
defective
material
or
a
costly
upgrade
to
supposedly
more
durable
turf;
some
districts
paid
extra
despite
still
being
under
warranty.
Although
the
company
acknowledged
the
defects
and
even
sued
its
own
supplier,
many
taxpayers
were
left
to
absorb
the
costs
of
repeated
replacements.
Additional litigation followed a six-month NJ Advance Media investigation in 2024, which found that FieldTurf made millions selling high-end turf to schools and municipalities nationwide while allegedly knowing
the
product
would
fail
prematurely.
The
turf
product
Duraspine
reportedly
lasted
only
about
half
as
long
as
promised,
deteriorated
rapidly,
and
left
athletes
vulnerable
to
injury.
FieldTurf has also faced scrutiny for claims that it sells “ PFAS-free ” artificial turf. In a letter dated October 25, 2019, FieldTurf assured the Portsmouth City Council that its products were “free of PFAS, PFOS, and fluorine.” However, after installation, testing revealed that the turf was not PFAS-free. This raises serious questions
about
why
FieldTurf
represented
its
products
this
way
when
the
company
understood
how
consumers
interpret
“PFAS-free”
and
knew
PFAS
were
used
in
the
manufacturing
process.
In 2025, FieldTurf again attempted to advance PFAS-free claims in Palo Alto. The city consulted a university
professor
to
independently
evaluate
FieldTurf’s
PFAS
testing
results
and
concluded
that
the
manufacturer’s claims were unsubstantiated. The review found that the turf fibers are primarily composed of a fluorinated polymer—polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)—which the
California
Department
of
Toxic
Substances
Control
(DTSC)
has
identified
as
an
intentionally
added
PFAS
in
artificial
turf.
Microplastic Management Mayhem
In Mr. Mauer’s presentation, very little was said about microplastic management standards. Yet in reality, loose
artificial
turf
blades
and
infill
are
extremely
difficult
to
control
once
they
begin
to
shed.
Fortunately,
regulatory
agencies
are
paying
increasing
attention
to
this
problem.
The
California
Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has identified microplastics as a serious concern because of their environmental persistence, mobility, particle size, and potential to harm human health and the environment. Under California regulations, microplastics meet the hazard traits of environmental persistence
and
mobility
(Cal.
Code
Regs.,
tit.
22,
§§
69405.3
and
69405.6).
Because
they
move
easily
through
environmental
media,
microplastics
have
become
ubiquitous
across
ecosystems.
They
are
now
found
in
food
supplies,
can
become
airborne
and
inhaled,
and
have
even
been
detected
in
umbilical
cord
blood,
indicating
fetal
exposure.
Data
show
that
more
than
4,000
species,
including
humans,
have
been
exposed
to
microplastics,
and
that
some
of
these
exposures
are
harmful.
Microplastics
also
meet
the
particle
size
and
fiber
dimension
hazard
trait
because
plastics
readily
degrade
into
microscopic
particles
in
the
environment
(Cal.
Code
Regs.,
tit.
22,
§
69405.7).
San Francisco’s wind and fog further complicate microplastic containment in our coastal environment. A regulation-size artificial turf field contains roughly 40,000 pounds of plastic carpet and more than 400,000 pounds of infill. As these materials degrade, they generate secondary microplastics from the turf blades, backing, and shock pads. A 2017 study found that a single synthetic turf field loses 0.5–0.8% of its blades each year, equivalent to 2,000–3,000 pounds of microplastic fibers annually per field. A 2025 California Coastal Commission (CCC) report adds that up to 300 million plastic fibers can be lost from a single full-size soccer field each year.
That same CCC report concludes that stormwater best management practices designed to capture microplastics
from
artificial
turf
have
not
been
shown
to
be
reliably
effective.
Only
about
16%
of
turf
fibers
released
from
fields
enter
stormwater
drains;
most
are
transported
off-site
by
wind,
surface
runoff,
and
players’
clothing.
The
report
also
notes
that
plastic
granules,
shreds,
turf
fibers,
netting,
and
thin
plastic
materials
are
especially
prone
to
shedding,
and
that
liquid-applied
plastic
products—such
as
binders,
coatings,
and
stabilizers—can
also
release
microplastics
over
time
through
wear
and
weathering.
Critically, artificial turf fibers are commonly made of polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP),
which
DTSC
has
identified
as
an
intentionally
added
PFAS
in
turf.
This
raises
a
fundamental
question
about
RPD’s
standards:
how
does
RPD
currently
collect
and
dispose
of
the
plastic
blades
that
are
groomed
or
blown
off
the
field?
Research by the San Francisco Estuary Institute confirms that artificial turf fibers are ending up in San Francisco Bay. Fortunately, the California Ocean Protection Council has recently adopted the state’s first Microplastics Strategy, which may provide a framework for improving RPD’s currently inadequate microplastic containment and elimination practices.
Artificial Turf Injury Risk
San Francisco athletes have a legitimate complaint about RPD groundskeepers not being adequately trained
or
equipped
to
manage
gopher
activity.
While
experts
recommend
installing
gopher
wire
16 to
24 inches
below
the
playing
surface
to
reduce
injury
risk,
much
of
the
public
discussion
this
fall
has
focused
instead
on
artificial
turf–related
injuries.
These
include
the
widely
reported
“turf
toe”
injury
sustained by the San Francisco 49ers’ quarterback and the season-ending ACL tear suffered by rookie defensive
end
Mykel
Williams
while
playing
on
FieldTurf
plastic
at
MetLife
Stadium.
Dr. Brian Feeley, an orthopedic surgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, has stated that his research shows ACL and Achilles tendon injuries are more likely on artificial turf and more likely to require
surgery.
“Artificial
turf
doesn’t
release
cleats
as
easily,”
he
explained.
“That
puts
more
torque
and
strain
on
the
knees
and
ankles.”
Dr.
Feeley
has
also
warned
of
serious
long-term
consequences:
“An
ACL
injury
as
a
young
athlete
can
keep
you
from
playing
at
the
next
level
and
lead
to
arthritis
in
your
30s.”
Artificial turf has also been identified as a potential source of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, particularly due to skin abrasions and turf burns
that
commonly
occur
during
play.
State of the Art Natural Grass
Many of us relish the memories of playing in grass, dirt, mud, rain and snow as kids. Those were the
best
times
of
our
lives,
however,
times
change
and
park
management
and
some
parents
would
prefer
a
playing
environment
that
only
appears
to
be
more
antiseptic,
given
the
reality
of
chemical
issues
associated
with
plastic
and
rubberized
surfaces.
Maximizing
hours
of
play
and
reducing
maintenance
by
staff
seems
to
be
the
top
RPD
priorities,
according
to
Mr.
Mauer’s
presentation.
Since
this
was
an
artificial
turf
standards
presentation
we
didn’t
get
to
hear
about
how
RPD
maintains
its
natural
grass
fields.
We
can
point
out,
in
the
case
of
Crocker
Amazon,
the
fields
were
last
re-sodded
30 years
ago.
That’s
a
long,
chemical-free
benefit
from
a
space
that
offers
more
than
just
baseball
for
the
community
and
wildlife
that
lives
there
24/7/365.
Contrast
that
to
the
razor
and
blade,
constant-need-for-replacement
model
the
plastic
fields
require.
Mr. Mauer mentioned that natural grass fields wear out. What he didn’t mention was the seen and
unseen
microplastic
breakdown
of
artificial
turf
blades
which
we’ve
covered
in
other
sections
of
this
response.
We’d
like
to
demonstrate
that
a
well-equipped,
properly
trained
groundskeeping
crew
can
get
a
lot
of
playable
hours
out
of
natural
grass
fields.
In
this
section,
we
offer
performance
metrics
from
natural
grass
experts
who
properly
designed,
constructed,
and
maintained
natural
grass
playing
fields
–
including
through
organic
turf
management
–
as
a
viable,
sustainable,
and
affordable
alternative
to
artificial
turf.
The following are success metrics from natural grass experts Expert: JERAD MINNICK- MARYLAND SOCCERPLEX
>500 matches/yr/field
25-30 hrs/week, spring/fall
40-50 hrs/week, weekends
50-60 hrs/week, summer
40-50 hrs/week, summer camps (8hrs/day, 7days/week) Play 16 weeks straight in spring; 6 weeks of camp only; 14 weeks in fall Had a 21% increase in games 2023-2024 and found a way to accommodate increase Have not had to replace a single soccer field (have 20) in 24 years No games cancelled for rain (one for tornado; one for electrical storm) 11 FTEs for 160 acres of park: 50 acres of playing turf. Well below industry average even for RPD. Most professional
facilities
have
2 people/field;
SoccerPlex
has
0.5FTE/field,
seasonal
staff
for
events.
Rely
on
technology:
robotic
line
painters;
compaction
testing
weekly
to
decide
decompaction
program
and
schedule
to
minimize
diesel
fuel
use
and
best
manage
staffing
(SoccerPlex
is
a
non-profit;
“runs
lean
and
mean.”)
Expert: PAM SHERRATT- OH STATE UNIVERSITY
25-50 hrs/week
Often no money from rental income goes back into field maintenance she has found; usage levels are high,
maintenance
levels
are
very
low.
Expert: SUN ROSSLEIN- JEFFERSON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT, CO Centralized soccer and football stadiums for 6 high schools 30-35 football games/season
60 soccer games in 8 weeks
Boys/girls LaCrosse
Girls flag football
24 yr old stadium, just completed 2
nd
re-sod between hashes in 24 yrs.
Soccer field has never been resodded
Soccer stadium- 30 hrs/week
Football stadium- ~25hrs/week
Spring, LaCrosse on football field- ~35hrs/week
Games every nite/week, often double or triple headers Only close fields due to lightening or heavy snow Down time/resting fields: during sports season, Sunday; summers (schools out of session), usually rent out
fields,
renovate,
recuperate.
Artificial Turf Industry: Natural Grass is Best
Even leaders within the artificial turf industry acknowledge the superiority of natural grass for athlete safety. Dan Sawyer, CEO of Brock—manufacturer of BrockFILL and supplier of RPD’s turf shock pads—has stated that “all athletes prefer natural grass” and that “natural turf will always outperform, on a pretty significant level, the safety values you get when you compare it to synthetic turf.” AstroTurf, another industry leader, similarly recognizes natural grass as the gold standard. These statements, however, are typically
framed
only
in
terms
of
injury
and
performance.
What’s
often
overlooked
is
that
natural
grass
is
also
the
gold
standard
for
environmental
and
human
health.
Our
children
and
youth
deserve
this
holistic
standard—one
that
means
zero
PFAS
exposure,
zero
toxic
additives,
and
zero
petrochemical
macro-,
micro-,
and
nanoplastics.
Mr. Mauer also referenced a common plastics-industry talking point regarding pesticide use on natural grass.
We
would
welcome
greater
transparency
about
RPD’s
actual
pesticide
practices,
as
a
West
Sunset
groundskeeper
told
us
in-person
that
pesticides
are
not
permitted
on
those
fields.
Plastic
grass
proponents
frequently
focus
on
fertilizers
and
pesticides
used
on
grass
while
ignoring
the
fact
that,
with
modern
turf
management
practices
and
improved
grass
varieties,
these
inputs
can
be
significantly
reduced
or
eliminated.
What
they
fail
to
acknowledge
is
that
artificial
turf
itself
is
made
entirely
of
chemicals—hundreds, if not thousands, across its various components. There are approximately 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which 4,200 are considered hazardous and 3,600 remain unregulated. Artificial turf systems
commonly
include
antimicrobials,
heat
reflectants,
UV
stabilizers,
colorants,
binders,
and
other
additives.
In
general,
the
more
functions
manufacturers
claim
their
turf
can
perform,
the
more
chemicals
are
added.
In addition, artificial turf maintenance often involves cleaners, solvents, antistatic agents, and antimicrobial
products.
Many
of
these
substances
are
stored
in
fluorinated
plastic
containers
that
can
leach
PFAS
into
their
contents,
creating
yet
another
pathway
for
PFAS
to
enter
soils,
groundwater,
and
the
broader
environment.
And
even
if
every
component
of
artificial
turf
were
somehow
PFAS-free,
the
product
would
still
be
a
petrochemical
plastic
surface
that
sheds
pollution.
Benefits of Properly Managed Natural Grass
Properly managed natural grass fields:
● Provide equitable access to healthy playing surfaces for thousands of athletes ● Naturally cool the environment through evapotranspiration ● Produce oxygen and improve air quality ● Sequester carbon and reduce pollution ● Trap dust, dirt, and pollen ● Reduce glare and light reflection ● Absorb sound ● Filter stormwater and reduce flooding ● Break down organic chemicals and organic matter ● Stabilize soil and reduce erosion through root systems ● Support biodiversity above and below ground ● Strengthen surrounding trees and ecosystems ● Reduce the risk of heat, non-contact, and concussion injuries ● Promote mental wellness and reduce stress-related muscle tension ● Lessen ADHD symptoms in children and improve focus ● Foster appreciation of nature ● Enhance community appeal and property values ● Sustainable ● Do not leach microplastics or PFAS into the environment Cost is rarely mentioned by RPD when comparing artificial turf and natural grass, yet it’s far from insignificant. At a Santa Clara city budget meeting, the City’s Director of Parks and Recreation stated:
“Synthetic fields on the market are far and away more expensive than grass. Grass grows.
We
can
add
seed,
soil,
sun,
water,
and
rest
it.
Synthetic
turf
does
not
regenerate.
Every
8 to
10 years
it
must
be
replaced—and
that’s
just
the
turf.
There’s
also
the
mat,
with
a
20-
to
25-year
lifespan,
and
the
substrate
that
must
be
addressed
every
time
the
mat
is
removed.
Just replacing the synthetic turf on a standard soccer field alone exceeds $1 million. Across multiple
facilities,
replacement
costs
quickly
reach
$3–5
million.”
Finally, we recommend that RPD seek guidance on natural grass best management practices from the Turfgrass Resource Institute (TURI) and the Sports Field Management Association, while investing in career development and training for groundskeepers and maintenance staff. One underutilized strength of
RPD
is
its
ability
to
cultivate
a
strong
volunteer
program
of
community-based,
amateur
groundskeepers.
Parents
and
students
who
are
passionate
about
sports
are
often
willing
to
contribute
time
and
earn
service
hours—many
of
which
are
now
encouraged
or
required
by
schools.
Water, Fire and Carbon Pollution
Water Use and Water Contamination
Mr. Mauer presented artificial turf as a water-saving solution. This claim collapses once the full lifecycle water
footprint
of
plastic
grass
is
considered.
Independent lifecycle estimates indicate that approximately 3,744 liters (989 gallons) of water are required to manufacture one square meter of artificial turf. Applied to a regulation-size soccer field (about
81,000
square
feet),
this
equates
to
nearly
7.5 million
gallons
of
water
consumed
before
the
field
is
even
installed.
According
to
Alm
(2016),
manufacturing
just
one
artificial
turf
field
uses
as
much
water
as
maintaining
a
natural
grass
field
for
four
years.
This
alone
undermines
the
premise
that
synthetic
turf
is
a
water-conservation
strategy.
More importantly, every gallon of water that comes into contact with artificial turf becomes contaminated.
Manufacturing
water,
maintenance
water,
rainfall,
stormwater
runoff,
and
landfill
leachate
are
all
exposed
to:
● Microplastics ● PFAS (“forever chemicals”) ● Plasticizers, stabilizers, dyes, and flame retardants Rain that falls on artificial turf fields does not soak into soil or get filtered by living roots and microbes.
Instead,
it
mobilizes
contaminants
and
carries
them
directly
into
San
Francisco’s
storm
drains
and
Bay.
A single artificial turf soccer field is estimated to leach approximately 12 milligrams of PFAS per year (Based
on
the
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency’s
drinking
water
limit
of
4 parts
per
trillion
for
PFOS
and
PFOA).
That
amount
of
PFAS
is
enough
to
contaminate
approximately
800,000
gallons
of
water
annually.
These
chemicals
persist
indefinitely.
RPD’s artificial turf standards do not account for this permanent water contamination load.
Wastewater Treatment Limitations
Mr. Mauer indicated that RPD captures and routes water from their plastic fields directly into our sewage system.
San
Francisco’s
wastewater
system
is
not
equipped
to
remove
artificial
turf
pollutants.
The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) states clearly that technology capable of removing or destroying PFAS at the required scale, cost, and effectiveness does not currently exist. PFAS are extremely
persistent,
and
standard
wastewater
treatment
processes
do
not
break
them
down.
Routine
PFAS
monitoring
by
SFPUC
only
began
in
2025,
and
the
agency
is
still
gathering
baseline
data.
Wastewater treatment plants do remove some microplastics through settling and biological processes—but a significant fraction still passes through into receiving waters. Studies show that San Francisco’s treatment plants discharge measurable microplastics into the Bay, often at higher levels than many
other
U.S.
facilities.
Phthalates, plastic additives, and other emerging contaminants associated with plastic turf are inadequately
removed
by
conventional
treatment
processes.
Importantly, SFPUC does not plan to upgrade its facilities to remove microplastics or PFAS. Instead, its strategy is to control pollution at the source. This makes RPD’s expansion of artificial turf—one of the largest
sources
of
microplastic
and
PFAS
pollution
in
urban
parks—directly
incompatible
with
regional
water
quality
goals.
Fire Risk and Toxic Smoke
The artificial turf fire started by illegal fireworks this summer at Diablo High is one recent example of how RPD’s expansion of artificial turf could create a growing fire and public safety hazard in a city that frequently
celebrates
with
illegal
fireworks..
San Francisco firefighters have responded to multiple fires involving synthetic playground and turf surfaces, including repeated blazes at Lafayette Elementary School and Lincoln Park, which left melted plastic,
burned
synthetic
rubber,
and
toxic
debris
behind.
These
fires
have
become
more
frequent
and
more
intense
and
it’s
not
fair
for
taxpayers
and
donors
to
keep
paying
for
replacement
materials
while
being
forced
to
endure
toxins
that
are
released
into
the
air.
The
City
is
now
spending
approximately
$4
million to resurface and repair 13 neighborhood playgrounds including Alta Plaza, Alamo Square, St. Mary’s Square, McCoppin Square, and playgrounds in the Mission, Sunset, Eureka Valley, and Potrero Hill.
These
will,
no
doubt,
expand
RPD’s
plastic
and
rubber
footprint.
Artificial turf and playground surfaces contain flammable plastics and synthetic rubber treated with chemical flame retardants, including:
● Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ● Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) ● Organophosphate flame retardants These chemicals are associated with endocrine disruption, neurodevelopmental harm, and potential carcinogenic
effects.
When
synthetic
turf
burns,
it
releases
toxic
smoke
and
contaminated
runoff,
creating
emergency
hazards
for
residents,
first
responders,
and
the
environment.
Carbon and Climate Pollution
Artificial turf is a fossil-fuel product from cradle to grave. Its climate footprint extends far beyond installation.
The lifecycle includes:
● Hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) for oil and gas ● Petrochemical refining ● Ethane cracking into plastic resin pellets ● Turf fiber and backing manufacturing ● Shock pad and infill production ● Global shipping ● Maintenance and grooming ● Landfilling or illegal dumping ● Centuries of degradation
As plastics degrade, they emit methane and ethylene, two powerful greenhouse gases. Methane traps over 90 times more heat than carbon dioxide in the near term, and land-based plastics emit twice as much
methane
and
76 times
more
ethylene
as
plastics
in
marine
environments.
In April 2024, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory reported that greenhouse gas emissions from plastics
are
now
four
times
higher
than
those
from
the
aviation
industry.
None of this pollution is included in RPD’s artificial turf standards or environmental reviews. And it’s worth
noting
that
most
of
RPD’s
plastic
fields
are
placed
in
neighborhoods
with
high
historic
environmental injustice harms.
Heat and Urban Climate Stress
Artificial turf also intensifies urban heat. San Francisco’s own Heat Index Map shows bright pink “hot spots” across synthetic turf and playground surfaces. Unlike living grass, plastic turf absorbs and re-radiates
heat,
raising
surface
and
air
temperatures,
increasing
dehydration
risk,
and
worsening
heat-related
illness—especially
for
children.
Biodiversity Loss
The climate crisis and the plastic pollution crisis are together driving unprecedented biodiversity loss worldwide.
At
Crocker
Amazon
Park
alone,
more
than
100
trees
are
slated
for
removal,
20 acres
of
living
soil
will
be
destroyed,
and
wildlife
will
be
displaced—including
the
Tricolored
Blackbird,
a
species
listed
as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act.
Mr. Mauer has stated that each of these historic trees chopped down for the artificial turf design footprint—many
planted
by
WPA
workers
in
1938
as
part
of
this
cultural
landscape—will
be
replaced
on
a
two-for-one
basis.
Yet
RPD’s
own
renovation
renderings
unrealistically
depict
these
replacements
as
30–50-foot-tall
mature
trees,
not
saplings
that
would
take
decades
to
provide
comparable
ecological
value.
Josh
Klipp,
a
member
of
San
Francisco’s
Urban
Forestry
Council,
has
noted
that
since
2017
the
City
has
barely
planted
trees
at
all
and
has
largely
failed
to
honor
its
promised
two-for-one
replacement
policy.
If
RPD’s
motivation
is
to
reduce
maintenance,
it
is
also
worth
noting
that
surrounding
plastic
fields
with
trees
that
drop
pine
needles,
acorns,
and
leaves
would
create
ongoing
conflicts
with
artificial
turf
operations.
It is not only trees and shrubs that will be lost. The park’s expansive lawn currently supports a vibrant food
web
and
serves
as
critical
foraging
habitat
for
Red-tailed
Hawks,
swallows,
Black
Phoebes,
American
Robins,
Northern
Flickers,
West
Coast
Lady
butterflies,
Fiery
Skippers,
and
many
other
species.
Because nearly all plastic ever produced still exists, the ecological consequences of replacing living landscapes
with
plastic
in
our
open
space-starved
city
are
profound.
None of RPD’s artificial turf standards evaluate impacts on adjacent sensitive sites, including the La Grande
Community
Garden
and
Hummingbird
Farm,
both
of
which
depend
on
clean
soil,
water,
and
air.
Scientific evidence increasingly links synthetic turf and microplastic pollution to declining bird populations, microplastic accumulation in pollinators such as bees, impaired plant photosynthesis and damage to ocean ecosystems. By 2021, researchers estimated more than 1,500 species had already ingested microplastics. These particles have been found from the summit of Mount Everest to the depths of the Mariana Trench, and most recently in the air exhaled by dolphins through their blowholes—a stark reminder that plastic pollution now permeates every corner of the biosphere. Artificial turf itself has been found to reduce sparrow populations.
Conclusion
In San Francisco, we value recreation—but we also demand healthy human environments and thriving nature.
San
Franciscans
expect
the
Recreation
and
Park
Department’s
standards
to
be
world-class.
We
are
a
city
that
bans
plastic
bags
and
plastic
straws,
promotes
Zero
Waste,
adopted
a
Biodiversity
Resolution
and
committed
to
an
ambitious
Climate
Action
Plan.
We
even
recently
celebrated
our
firefighters
receiving
PFAS-free
protective
gear
because
we
recognize
the
dangers
of
toxic
chemicals.
San Francisco prides itself on being future-focused and science-driven. By contrast, artificial turf increasingly
looks
like
cigarettes,
leaded
gasoline,
and
asbestos
insulation—products
once
widely
accepted, now understood as dangerous relics of the past. We hope you join us and these national orgs in encouraging the playfield standard to be natural grass.
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
Report Suspicious
From: Francisco Da Costa
To: Commission
Subject: Here is information to keep you commissioners in the loop - most of you have no clue what is happening to the citizens of San Francisco.
Date: Tuesday, January 13, 2026 7:13:29 AM
Check this out:
Structural-Racism-in-San-Francisco-1_250603_01465…
Bayview_Wage_and LBE Contract Disparities_Compl…
SFPUC Public Integrity Audit - Social Impact Partners…
Emerson Doc.pdf
Please review this information and stop the utter nonsense at each SFPUC meeting - the concerns of the citizens of San Francisco - looked over, the many employees at SFPUC - people of color treated with disdain.
The many presentations given by those who chronologically have no clue about the Raker Act, the Water Department, the many reservoirs that need maintenance, deferred maintenance when it comes to our infrastructure.
Francisco Da Costa
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
Report Suspicious
From: Denise Louie
To: [email protected]
Cc: Commission
Subject: Racial equity, diversity and inclusion
Date: Tuesday, January 13, 2026 11:47:21 AM
Hi General Manager Herrerra,
Thank you for your report to the PUC Commission. However, it has raised some questions.
1) Please define "racial equity, diversity and inclusion." 2) Please also explain how racial equity, diversity and inclusion are used at the PUC. 3) Please provide policies, plans and practices that address racial equity, diversity and inclusion at the PUC.
Thank you in advance for your attention to these questions.
Respectfully,
Denise Louie
Vice President, Asian American Legal Foundation