Industry City Council
June 10, 2025

WDID NO

PENDING
Know what'sbelow. Callbefore you dig.

INLET STENCIL DETAIL
NOTE:
1 BIOFILTRATION PLANTER
N.T.S.
06/18/24 CJN
21 FACILITY EXPANSION & SITE MODIFICATIONS FOR

SYSCO LOS ANGELES
20701 CURRIER RD.

WALNUT, CA 91789 CONCEPT DRAWING. NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION.

REVISIONS:

PROJ. MGR: DATE:
d
3 CURB CUT DETAIL
N.T.S.
2 GRATE INLET FILTER
N.T.S.

LID-02 CONCEPTUAL LID DETAILS
f
NOTES

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SOLIDS

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CAPACITY

CUBIC FEET

FILTER
TYPE

FILTERED
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CUBIC FEET
/ SECOND

TOTAL
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CAPACITY

CUBIC FEET
/SECOND

SPECIFIER CHART

FGTDOF
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CAPACITY PER FT SEGMENT USED

DETAIL B
SECTION 9IEW

DETAIL A
SECTION 9IEW














MINIMUM
TRENCH
DEPTH

FROM BOTTOM

OF GRATE















5 TRENCH DRAIN FILTER
PER FLOGARD FG-LP-0002 N.T.S.
4 INLET STENCIL
N.T.S. 6
SECTION E-E H: 1"=20"
V: 1"=10
7 SECTION F-F H: 1"=20"
V: 1"=10"

Low Impact Development Plan (LID Plan)
SYSCO Los Angeles, 20701 E. Currier Road
Attachment F
Educational Materials

County of Los Angeles E-53 February 2014
BIO-1: Biofiltration
Definition
A biofiltration area is a vegetated shallow depression
that is designed to receive and treat stormwater
runoff from downspouts, piped inlets, or sheet flow
from adjoining paved areas. A shallow ponding
zone is provided above the vegetated surface for
temporary storage of stormwater runoff. During
storm events, stormwater runoff accumulates in the
ponding zone and gradually infiltrates the surface
and filters through the biofiltration soil media before being collected by an underdrain system.

Stormwater runoff treatment occurs through a
variety of natural mechanisms as stormwater runoff filters through the vegetation root zone. In biofiltration areas, microbes and organic material in the biofiltration soil media help promote the adsorption of pollutants (e.g., dissolved metals and petroleum hydrocarbons) into the soil matrix. Plants utilize soil moisture and promote the drying of the soil through transpiration. Biofiltration areas are typically planted with native, drought-tolerant plant species that do not require fertilization and can withstand wet soils for at least 96 hours.

A schematic of a typical biofiltration area is presented in Figure E-7.

LID Ordinance Requirements
Biofiltration can be used as an alternative compliance measure.

Pollutant of Concern Treated by Biofiltration?
Suspended solids No
Total phosphorus No
Total nitrogen Yes
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen Yes
Cadmium, total No
Chromium, total Yes
Copper, total No
Lead, total Yes
Zinc, total No
Source: Treatment Best Management Practices Performance, Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board, December 9, 2013.

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-54 February 2014
Advantages
• Has a low cost for installation
• Enhances site aesthetics
• Requires little maintenance
Disadvantages
• May require individual owner/tenants to perform maintenance

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-55 February 2014
Figure E-7. Biofiltration Area Schematic

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-56 February 2014
General Constraints and Implementation Considerations
• Biofiltration areas can be applied in various settings including, but not limited to:
o Individual lots for rooftop, driveway, and other on-site impervious surface o Shared facilities located in common areas for individual lots o Areas within loop roads or cul-de-sacs
o Landscaped parking lot islands
o Within right-of-ways along roads
o Common landscaped areas in apartment complexes or other multi-family housing designs
o Parks and along open space perimeter
• If tire curbs are provided and parking stalls are shortened, cars are allowed to overhang the biofiltration area.
• Biofiltration areas must be located sufficiently far from structure foundations to avoid damage to structures (as determined by a certified structural or geotechnical engineer).
• Any parking areas bordering the biofiltration area must be monolithically poured concrete or deepended curb concrete to provide structural stability to the adjacent parking section.
• Geomembrane liners must be used in areas subject to spills or pollutant hot spots.
• During construction activities should avoid compaction of native soils below planting media layer or gravel zone.
• Stormwater runoff must be diverted around the biofiltration area during the period of vegetation establishment. If diversion is not feasible, the graded and seeded areas must be protected with suitable sediment controls (i.e., silt fences).All damaged areas should be repaired, seeded, or re-planted immediately. • The general landscape irrigation system should incorporate the biofiltration area, as applicable.

Design Specifications
The following sections describe the design specifications for biofiltration areas.

Geotechnical
Due to the potential to contaminate groundwater, cause slope instability, impact surrounding structures, and potential for insufficient infiltration capacity, an extensive geotechnical site investigation must be conducted during the site planning process to verify site suitability for biofiltration. All geotechnical investigations must be performed according to the most recent GMED Policy GS 200.1. Soil infiltration rates and the

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-57 February 2014
groundwater table depth must be evaluated to ensure that conditions are satisfactory for proper operation of a biofiltration area. The project applicant must demonstrate through infiltration testing, soil logs, and the written opinion of a licensed civil engineer that sufficiently permeable soils exist on-site to allow the construction of a properly functioning biofiltration system.

Biofiltration areas are appropriate for soils with a minimum corrected in-situ infiltration rate of 0.3 in/hr. The geotechnical report must determine if the proposed project site is suitable for a biofiltration area and must recommend a design infiltration rate (see “Design Infiltration Rate” under the “Sizing” section). The geotechnical investigation should be such that a good understanding is gained as to how the stormwater runoff will move through the soil (horizontally or vertically) and if there are any geological conditions that could inhibit the movement of water.

Pretreatment
Pretreatment refers to design features that provide settling of large particles before stormwater runoff enters a stormwater quality control measure in order to reduce the long-term maintenance burden. Pretreatment should be provided to reduce the sediment load entering a biofiltration area in order to maintain the infiltration rate of the biofiltration area. To ensure that biofiltration areas are effective, the project applicant must incorporate pretreatment devices that provide sediment removal (e.g., vegetated swales, vegetated filter strips, sedimentation manholes, and proprietary devices). The use of at least two pretreatment devices is highly recommended for biofiltration areas.

Geometry
• Biofiltration areas must be sized to capture and treat 1.5 times the SWQDv that is not reliably retained on the project site with an 18-inch maximum ponding depth. • The planting soil depth must be a minimum of two feet, although three feet is preferred. The planting soil depth should provide a beneficial root zone for the chosen vegetation and adequate water storage for the stormwater runoff. A deeper planting soil depth will also provide a smaller surface area footprint. • A gravel storage layer below the biofiltration area soil media is required to provide adequate temporary storage to retain 1.5 times the SWQDv that is not reliably retained on the project site and to promote infiltration.

Sizing
Biofiltration areas are sized using a simple sizing method where 1.5 times the SWQDv that is not reliably retained on the project site must be completely filtered within 96 hours. If the incoming stormwater runoff flow rate is lower than the long term filtration rate, above ground storage does not need to be provided. If the incoming stormwater runoff flow rate is higher than the long term filtration rate, above ground storage shall be provided (see steps below).

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-58 February 2014
Step 1: Calculate the design volume
Biofiltration areas should be sized to capture and treat 1.5 times the portion of the SWQDv (see Section 6 for SWQDv calculation procedures) that is not reliability retained on the project site, as calculated by the equation below:
%& = 1.5 × ) − %+
,
Where:

VB = Biofiltration volume [ft3];
SWQDv = Stormwater quality design volume [ft3]; and
VR = Volume of stormwater runoff reliably retained on-site [ft3].

Step 2: Calculate the design infiltration rate
Determine the corrected in-situ infiltration rate (fdesign) of the native soil using the procedures described in the most recent GMED Policy GS 200.1.

Step 3: Calculate the surface area
Select a surface ponding depth (d) that satisfies the geometric criteria and meets the site constraints. Selecting a deeper ponding depth (up to 1.5 ft) generally yields a smaller footprint, however, it will require greater consideration for public safety, energy dissipation, and plant selection.

Calculate the time for the selected ponding depth to filter through the planting media using the following equation:
d =  ×
f

!"
12 Where:
d = Ponding depth (max 1.5 ft) [ft];
tp = Required detention time for surface ponding (max 96 hr) [hr]; and fdesign = Design infiltration rate [in/hr].

If tp exceeds 96 hours, reduce surface ponding depth (d). In nearly all cases, tp should not approach 96 hours unless fdesign is low.

Calculate the required infiltrating surface (filter bottom area) using the following equation:
 =
%&


Where:

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-59 February 2014
A = Bottom surface area of biofiltration area [ft2];
VB = Biofiltration design volume [ft3
]; and
d = Ponding depth (max 1.5 ft) [ft].

Flow Entrance and Energy Dissipation
Maintain a minimum slope of 1 percent for pervious surfaces and 0.5 percent for impervious surfaces to the biofiltration area inlet. The following types of flow entrance can be used for biofiltration cells:
• Level spreaders (i.e., slotted curbs) can be used to facilitate sheet flow. • Dispersed, low velocity flow across a landscape area. Dispersed flow may not be possible given space limitations or if the biofiltration area is controlling roadway or parking lot flows where curbs are mandatory. • Dispersed flow across pavement or gravel and past wheel stops for parking areas.
• Flow spreading trench around perimeter of biofiltration area. May be filled with pea gravel or vegetated with 3:1 side slopes similar to a swale. A vertical-walled open trench may also be used at the discretion of LACDPW. • Curb cuts for roadside or parking lot areas, if approved by LACDPW: curb cuts should include rock or other erosion controls in the channel entrance to dissipate energy. Flow entrance should drop two to three inches from curb line and provide an area for settling and periodic removal of sediment and coarse material before flow dissipates to the remainder of the biofiltration area. • Piped entrances, such as roof downspouts, should include rock, splash blocks, or other erosion controls at the entrance to dissipate energy and disperse flows. • Woody plants (trees, shrubs, etc.) can restrict or concentrate flows and can be damaged by erosion around the root ball and must not be placed directly in the entrance flow path.

Drainage
Biofiltration areas must be designed to drain below the planting soil in less than 96 hours. Soils must be allowed to dry out periodically in order to restore hydraulic capacity to receive stormwater runoff from subsequent storm events, maintain infiltration rates, maintain adequate soil oxygen levels for healthy soil biota and vegetation, and provide proper soil conditions for biodegradation and retention of pollutants.

Underdrain
Biofiltration areas require an underdrain to collect and discharge stormwater runoff that has been filtered through the soil media, but not infiltrated, to another stormwater quality control measure, storm drain system, or receiving water. The underdrain must have a mainline diameter of eight inches using slotted PVC SDR 26 or PVC C9000. Slotted PVC allows for pressure water cleaning and root cutting, if necessary. The slotted pipe

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-60 February 2014
should have two to four rows of slots cut perpendicular to the axis of the pipe or at right angles to the pitch of corrugations. Slots should be 0.04 to 0.1 inches wide with a length of 1 to 1.25 inches. Slots should be longitudinally-spaced such that the pipe has a minimum of one square inch opening per lineal foot and should face down.

The underdrain should be placed in a gravel envelope (Class 2 Permeable Material per Caltrans Spec. 68-1.025) that measures three feet wide and six inches deep. The underdrain is elevated from the bottom of the biofiltration area by six inches within the gravel envelope to create a fluctuating anaerobic/aerobic zone below the underdrain to facilitate denitrification within the anaerobic/anoxic zone and reduce nutrient concentrations. The top and sides of the underdrain pipe should be covered with gravel to a minimum depth of 12 inches. The underdrain and gravel envelope should be covered with a geomembrane liner to prevent clogging. The following aggregate should be used for the gravel envelope:

Particle Size
(ASTM D422)
% Passing by
Weight
¾ inch 100%
¼ inch 30-60%
#8 20-50%
#50 3-12%
#200 0-1%
Underdrains should be sloped at a minimum of 0.5 percent and must drain freely to an approved discharge point.

Rigid non-perforated observation pipes with a diameter equal to the underdrain diameter should be connected to the underdrain to provide a clean-out port as well as an observation well to monitor drainage rates. The wells/clean-outs should be connected to the perforated underdrain with the appropriate manufactured connections.

The wells/clean-outs should extend six inches above the top elevation of the biofiltration area mulch, and should be capped with a lockable screw cap. The ends of underdrain pipes not terminating in an observation well/clean-out should also be capped.

Hydraulic Restriction Layer
Lateral infiltration pathways may need to be restricted due to the close proximity of roads, foundations, or other infrastructure. A geomembrane liner, or other equivalent waterproofing, may be placed along the vertical walls to reduce lateral flows. This geomembrane liner must have a minimum thickness of 30 mils and meet the requirements of Table E-12. Generally, waterproof barriers should not be placed on the bottom of the biofiltration unit, as this would prevent incidental infiltration which is important to meeting the required pollutant load reduction.

Table E-12. Geomembrane Liner Specifications for Biofiltration Areas

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-61 February 2014
Parameter Test Method Specifications
Material Nonwoven geomembrane liner
Unit weight 8 oz/yd3 (minimum)
Filtration rate 0.08 in/sec (minimum)
Puncture strength ASTM D-751 (Modified) 125 lbs (minimum) Mullen burst strength ASTM D-751 400 lb/in2 (minimum)
Tensile strength AST D-1682 300 lbs (minimum)
Equiv. opening size US Standard Sieve No. 80 (minimum)
Planting/Storage Media
• The planting media placed in the biofiltration area should achieve a long-term, inplace infiltration rate of at least 5 in/hr. Higher infiltration rates of up to 12 in/hr are permissible. The biofiltration soil media must retain sufficient moisture to support vigorous plant growth.
• The planting media mix must consist of 60 to 80 percent sand and 20 to 40 percent compost.
• Sand should be free of wood, waste, coatings such as clay, stone dust, carbonate, or any other deleterious material. All aggregate passing the No. 200 sieve size should be non-plastic. Sand for biofiltration should be analyzed by an accredited laboratory using #200, #100, #40, #30, #16, #8, #4, and 3/8 sieves (ASTM D422 or as approved by the local permitting authority) and meet the following gradations (Note: all sand complying with ASTM C33 for fine aggregate comply with the gradation requirements listed below):

Particle Size
(ASTM D422)
% Passing by
Weight
3/8 inch 100%
#4 90-100%
#8 70-100%
#16 40-95%
#30 15-70%
#40 5-55%
#110 0-15%
#200 0-5%
Note: The gradation of the sand component of the biofiltration soil media is believed to be a major factor in the infiltration rate of the media mix. If the desired hydraulic conductivity of the biofiltration soil media cannot be achieved within the specified proportions of sand and compost (#2), then it may be necessary to utilize sand at the coarser end of the range specified minimum percent passing.

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-62 February 2014
• Compost should be a well-decomposed, stable, weed-free organic matter source derived from waste materials including yard debris, wood wastes, or other organic material not including manure or biosolids meeting standards developed by the USCC. The product shall be certified through the USCC STA Program (a compost testing and information disclosure program). Compost quality shall be verified via a laboratory analysis to be:
o Feedstock materials must be specified and include one or more of the following: landscape/yard trimmings, grass clippings, food scraps, and agricultural crop residues.
o pH between 6.5 and 8.0 (may vary with plant palette)
o Organic Matter: 35 to 75 percent dry weight basis
o Carbon and Nitrogen Ratio: 15:1 < C:N < 25:1
o Maturity/Stability: Compost must have a dark brown color and a soil-like odor. Compost exhibiting a sour or putrid smell, containing recognizable grass or leaves, or is hot (120°F) upon delivery or rewetting is not acceptable.
o Toxicity: any one of the following measures is sufficient to indicate nontoxicity:

NH4:NH3 < 3

Ammonium < 500 ppm, dry weight basis

Seed germination > 80 percent of control

Plant trials > 80 percent of control

Solvita® > 5 index value
o Nutrient content:

Total Nitrogen content ≥ 0.9 percent preferred

Total Boron should be < 80 ppm; soluble boron < 2.5 ppm o Salinity: < 6.0 mmhos/cm
o Compost for biofiltration area should be analyzed by an accredited laboratory using #200, ¼-inch, ½-inch, and 1-inch sieves (ASTM D422) and meet the gradation requirements in the table below:

Particle Size
(ASTM D422)
% Passing by
Weight
1 inch 99-100
½ inch 90-100
¼ inch 40-90
#200 2-10

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-63 February 2014
Tests should be sufficiently recent to represent the actual material that is anticipated to be delivered to the site. If processes or sources used by the supplier have changed significantly since the most recent testing, new tests should be requested.

The gradation of compost used in biofiltration soil media is believed to play an important role in the saturated infiltration rate of the media. To achieve a higher saturated infiltration rate, it may be necessary to utilize compost at the coarser end of the range (minimum percent passing). The percent passing the #200 sieve (fines) is believed to be the most important factor in hydraulic conductivity.

In addition, coarser compost mix provides more heterogeneity of the biofiltration soil media, which is believed to be advantageous for more rapid development of soil structure needed to support healthy biological processes. This may be an advantage for plant establishment with lower nutrient and water input. • Biofiltration soil media not meeting the above criteria should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Alternative biofiltration soil media must meet the following specifications:
“Soils for biofiltration facilities must be sufficiently permeable to infiltrate stormwater runoff at a minimum of rate of 5 in/hr during the life of the facility, and provide sufficient retention of moisture and nutrients to support healthy vegetation.” The following steps shall be followed by LACDPW to verify that alternative biofiltration soil media mixes meet the specification:
o Submittals – The applicant must submit to LACDPW for approval:

A sample of mixed biofiltration soil media.

Certification from the soil supplier or an accredited laboratory that the biofiltration soil media meets the requirements of this specification.

Certification from an accredited geotechnical testing laboratory that the biofiltration soil media has an infiltration rate between 5 and 12 in/hr.

Organic content test results of the biofiltration soil media. Organic content test shall be performed in accordance with the Testing Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting
(TMECC) 05.07A, “Loss-On-Ignition Organic Matter Method”.
Organic grain size analysis results of mixed biofiltration soil media performed in accordance with ASTM D422, Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils.

A description of the equipment and methods used to mix the sand and compost to produce the biofiltration soil media.
o The name of the testing laboratory(ies) and the following information:

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-64 February 2014

Contact person(s)

Address(es)

Phone contact(s)

E-mail address(es)

Qualifications of laboratory(ies) and personnel including date of current certification by STA, ASTM, or approved equal.
o Biofiltration soils shall be analyzed by an accredited laboratory using #200 and ½-inch sieves (ASTM D422 or as approved by LACDPW), and meet the gradation described in the table below:

Particle Size
(ASTM D422)
% Passing by
Weight
½ inch 97-100
#200 2-5
• Biofiltration soil media shall be analyzed by an accredited geotechnical laboratory for the following tests:
o Moisture – density relationships (compaction tests) must be conducted on biofiltration soil media. Biofiltration soil media for the permeability test shall be compacted to 85 to 90 percent of the maximum dry density (ASTM D1557).
o Constant head permeability testing in accordance with ASTM D2434 shall be conducted on a minimum of two samples with a 6-inch mold and vacuum saturation.
• Mulch is recommended for the purpose of retaining moisture, preventing erosion, and minimizing weed growth. Projects subject to the California Model Water Efficiency Landscaping Ordinance (or comparable local ordinance) will be required to provide at least 2 inches of mulch. Aged mulch, also called compost mulch, reduces the ability of weeds to establish, keeps soil moist, and replenishes soil nutrients. Biofiltration areas must be covered with two to four inches (average three inches) of mulch at the start and an annual placement (preferably in June after weeding) of one to two inches of mulch beneath plants. • The planting media design height must be marked appropriately, such as a collar on the overflow device or with a stake inserted two feet into the planting media and notched, to show biofiltration surface level and ponding level.

Vegetation
Prior to installation, a licensed landscape architect must certify that all plants, unless otherwise specifically permitted, conform to the standards of the current edition of American Standard for Nursery Stock as approved by the American Standards Institute, Inc. All plant grades shall be those established in the current edition of American Standards for Nursery Stock.

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-65 February 2014
• Shade trees must have a single main trunk. Trunks must be free of branches below the following heights:

CALIPER (in) Height (ft)
1½-2½ 5
3 6
• Plants must be tolerant of summer drought, ponding fluctuations, and saturated soil conditions for 96 hours.
• It is recommended that a minimum of three types of tree, shrubs, and/or herbaceous groundcover species be incorporated to protect against facility failure due to disease and insect infestations of a single species. • Native plant species and/or hardy cultivars that are not invasive and do not require chemical inputs must be used to the maximum extent practicable.

The biofiltration area should be vegetated to resemble a terrestrial forest community ecosystem, which is dominated by understory trees, a shrub layer, and herbaceous ground cover. Select vegetation that:
• Is suited to well-drained soil;
• Will be dense and strong enough to stay upright, even in flowing water; • Has minimum need for fertilizers;
• Is not prone to pests and is consistent with Integrated Pest Management practices; and
• Is consistent with local water conservation ordinance requirements.

Irrigation System
Provide an irrigation system to maintain viability of vegetation, if applicable. The irrigation system must be designed to local code or ordinance specifications.

Restricted Construction Materials
The use of pressure-treated wood or galvanized metal at or around a biofiltration area is prohibited.

Overflow Device
An overflow device is required at the 18-inch ponding depth. The following, or equivalent, should be provided:
• A vertical PVC pipe (SDR 26) to act as an overflow riser. • The overflow riser(s) should be eight inches or greater in diameter, so it can be cleaned without damage to the pipe.

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-66 February 2014
• The inlet to the riser should be at the ponding depth (18 inches for fenced biofiltration areas and 6 inches for areas that are not fenced), and be capped with a spider cap to exclude floating mulch and debris. Spider caps should be screwed in or glued (e.g., not removable). The overflow device should convey stormwater runoff in excess of 1.5 times the SWQDv that is not reliably retained on the project site to an approved discharge location (another stormwater quality control measure, storm drain system, or receiving water).

Maintenance Requirements
Maintenance and regular inspections are important for proper function of biofiltration areas. Biofiltration areas require annual plant, soil, and mulch layer maintenance to ensure optimal infiltration, storage, and pollutant removal capabilities. In general, biofiltration maintenance requirements are typical landscape care procedures and include:
• Irrigate plants as needed during prolonged dry periods. In general, plants should be selected to be drought-tolerant and not require irrigation after establishment (two to three years).
• Inspect flow entrances, ponding area, and surface overflow areas periodically, and replace soil, plant material, and/or mulch layer in areas if erosion has occurred. Properly-designed facilities with appropriate flow velocities should not cause erosion except potentially during in extreme events. If erosion occurs, the flow velocities and gradients within the biofiltration area and flow dissipation and erosion protection strategies in the pretreatment area and flow entrance should be reassessed. If sediment is deposited in the biofiltration area, identify the source of the sediment within the tributary area, stabilize the source, and remove excess surface deposits.
• Prune and remove dead plant material as needed. Replace all dead plants, and if specific plants have a high mortality rate, assess the cause and, if necessary, replace with more appropriate species.
• Remove weeds as needed until plants are established. Weed removal should become less frequent if the appropriate plant species are used and planting density is attained.
• Select the proper soil mix and plants for optimal fertility, plant establishment, and growth to preclude the use of nutrient and pesticide supplements. By design, biofiltration facilities are located in areas where phosphorous and nitrogen levels are often elevated such that these should not be limiting nutrients. Addition of nutrients and pesticides may contribute pollutant loads to receiving waters. • In areas where heavy metals deposition is likely (i.e., tributary areas to industrial, vehicle dealerships/repair, parking lots, roads), replace mulch annually. In areas where metals deposition is less likely (i.e., residential lots), replace or add mulch as needed to maintain a two to three inch depth at least once every two years.

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-67 February 2014
• Analyze soil for fertility and pollutant levels if necessary. Biofiltration soil media are designed to maintain long-term fertility and pollutant processing capability. • Eliminate standing water to prevent vector breeding.
• Inspect overflow devices for obstructions or debris, which should be removed immediately. Repair or replace damaged pipes upon discovery. • Inspect, and clean if necessary, the underdrain.

A summary of potential problems that need to be addressed by maintenance activities is presented in Table E-13.

The County requires execution of a maintenance agreement to be recorded by the property owner for the on-going maintenance of any privately-maintained stormwater quality control measures. The property owner is responsible for compliance with the maintenance agreement. A sample maintenance agreement is presented in Appendix H.

BIO-1: Biofiltration
County of Los Angeles E-68 February 2014
Table E-13. Biofiltration Troubleshooting Summary
Problem Conditions When Maintenance Is
Needed Maintenance Required
Vegetation Overgrown vegetation Mow and prune vegetation as appropriate.

Presence of invasive, poisonous,
nuisance, or noxious vegetation or
weeds
Remove this vegetation and
plant native species as needed.

Trash and Debris Trash, plant litter, and dead leaves
present
Remove and properly dispose of
trash and debris.

Irrigation (if applicable) Not functioning correctly Check irrigation system for clogs or broken lines and repair as
needed.

Inlet/Overflow Inlet/overflow areas clogged with
sediment and/or debris
Remove material.

Overflow pipe blocked or broken Repair as needed.

Erosion/Sediment
Accumulation
Splash pads or spreader incorrectly
placed
Presence of erosion or sediment
accumulation
Check inlet structure to ensure
proper function. Repair, or
replace if necessary, the inlet
device. Repair eroded areas
with gravel as needed. Re-grade
the biofiltration area as needed.

Contaminants and Pollution Any evidence of oil, gasoline, contaminants, or other pollutants
Remove any evidence of visual
contamination from floatables
such as oil and grease.

Standing water Standing water observed more
than 96 hours after storm event
Inspect, and clean as needed,
the underdrain to ensure proper
function. Clear clogs as needed.

Remove and replace planter
media (sand, gravel, topsoil,
mulch) and vegetation.

Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
Objectives
„ Cover
„ Contain
„ Educate
„ Reduce/Minimize
„ Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients 
Trash
Metals 
Bacteria 
Oil and Grease 
Organics 
Description
Non-stormwater discharges are those flows that do not consist entirely of stormwater. Some non-stormwater discharges do not include pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain.

These include uncontaminated groundwater and natural springs.

There are also some non-stormwater discharges that typically do not contain pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain with conditions. These include car washing, air conditioner condensate, etc. However there are certain non-stormwater discharges that pose environmental concern. These discharges may originate from illegal dumping or from internal floor drains, appliances, industrial processes, sinks, and toilets that are connected to the nearby storm drainage system. These
discharges (which may include: process waste waters, cooling waters, wash waters, and sanitary wastewater) can carry substances such as paint, oil, fuel and other automotive fluids, chemicals and other pollutants into storm drains. They can generally be detected through a combination of detection and elimination. The ultimate goal is to effectively eliminate nonstormwater discharges to the stormwater drainage system through implementation of measures to detect, correct, and enforce against illicit connections and illegal discharges of pollutants on streets and into the storm drain system and creeks.

Approach
Initially the industry must make an assessment of nonstormwater discharges to determine which types must be eliminated or addressed through BMPs. The focus of the
following approach is in the elimination of non-stormwater discharges.

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Pollution Prevention
„ Ensure that used oil, used antifreeze, and hazardous chemical recycling programs are being implemented. Encourage litter control.

Suggested Protocols
Recommended Complaint Investigation Equipment
„ Field Screening Analysis
- pH paper or meter
- Commercial stormwater pollutant screening kit that can detect for reactive phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, specific conductance, and turbidity - Sample jars
- Sample collection pole
- A tool to remove access hole covers
„ Laboratory Analysis
- Sample cooler
- Ice
- Sample jars and labels
- Chain of custody forms
„ Documentation
- Camera
- Notebook
- Pens
- Notice of Violation forms
- Educational materials
General
„ Develop clear protocols and lines of communication for effectively prohibiting nonstormwater discharges, especially those that are not classified as hazardous. These are often not responded to as effectively as they need to be.
„ Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants.

Storm drain inlets should have messages such as “Dump No Waste Drains to Stream” stenciled or demarcated next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system.
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Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
„ See SC44 Stormwater Drainage System Maintenance for additional information.

Illicit Connections
„ Locate discharges from the industrial storm drainage system to the municipal storm drain system through review of “as-built” piping schematics.
„ Isolate problem areas and plug illicit discharge points. „ Locate and evaluate all discharges to the industrial storm drain system.

Visual Inspection and Inventory
„ Inventory and inspect each discharge point during dry weather. „ Keep in mind that drainage from a storm event can continue for a day or two following the end of a storm and groundwater may infiltrate the underground stormwater collection system. Also, non-stormwater discharges are often intermittent and may require periodic inspections.

Review Infield Piping
„ A review of the “as-built” piping schematic is a way to determine if there are any connections to the stormwater collection system.
„ Inspect the path of floor drains in older buildings.

Smoke Testing
„ Smoke testing of wastewater and stormwater collection systems is used to detect connections between the two systems.
„ During dry weather the stormwater collection system is filled with smoke and then traced to sources. The appearance of smoke at the base of a toilet indicates that there may be a connection between the sanitary and the stormwater system.

Dye Testing
„ A dye test can be performed by simply releasing a dye into either your sanitary or process wastewater system and examining the discharge points from the stormwater collection system for discoloration.

TV Inspection of Drainage System
„ TV Cameras can be employed to visually identify illicit connections to the industrial storm drainage system.

Illegal Dumping
„ Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.
„ On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste.

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„ Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly. „ Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
„ For larger spills, a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary.

Once a site has been cleaned:
„ Post “No Dumping” signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. „ Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots may also discourage future dumping, as well as provide open space and increase property values. „ Lighting or barriers may also be needed to discourage future dumping. „ See fact sheet SC11 Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup.

Inspection
„ Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.
„ Conduct field investigations of the industrial storm drain system for potential sources of non-stormwater discharges.
„ Pro-actively conduct investigations of high priority areas. Based on historical data, prioritize specific geographic areas and/or incident type for pro-active investigations.

Reporting
„ A database is useful for defining and tracking the magnitude and location of the problem. „ Report prohibited non-stormwater discharges observed during the course of normal daily activities so they can be investigated, contained, and cleaned up or eliminated. „ Document that non-stormwater discharges have been eliminated by recording tests performed, methods used, dates of testing, and any on-site drainage points observed. „ Document and report annually the results of the program. „ Maintain documentation of illicit connection and illegal dumping incidents, including significant conditionally exempt discharges that are not properly managed.

Training
„ Training of technical staff in identifying and documenting illegal dumping incidents is required.
„ Consider posting the quick reference table near storm drains to reinforce training. „ Train employees to identify non-stormwater discharges and report discharges to the appropriate departments.
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„ Educate employees about spill prevention and cleanup. „ Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills.

The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill should one occur. Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan.
„ Determine and implement appropriate outreach efforts to reduce non-permissible nonstormwater discharges. „ Conduct spill response drills annually (if no events occurred to evaluate your plan) in cooperation with other industries.
„ When a responsible party is identified, educate the party on the impacts of his or her actions.

Spill Response and Prevention
„ See SC11 Spill Prevention Control and Cleanup.

Other Considerations
„ Many facilities do not have accurate, up-to-date schematic drawings.

Requirements
Costs (including capital and operation & maintenance)
„ The primary cost is for staff time and depends on how aggressively a program is implemented.
„ Cost for containment and disposal is borne by the discharger. „ Illicit connections can be difficult to locate especially if there is groundwater infiltration. „ Indoor floor drains may require re-plumbing if cross-connections to storm drains are detected.

Maintenance (including administrative and staffing)
„ Illegal dumping and illicit connection violations requires technical staff to detect and investigate them.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Illegal Dumping
„ Substances illegally dumped on streets and into the storm drain systems and creeks include paints, used oil and other automotive fluids, construction debris, chemicals, fresh concrete, leaves, grass clippings, and pet wastes. All of these wastes cause stormwater and receiving water quality problems as well as clog the storm drain system itself. „ Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following:
- Illegal dumping hot spots
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- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
- Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) - Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, “midnight dumping” from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
- Responsible parties
One of the keys to success of reducing or eliminating illegal dumping is increasing the number of people at the facility who are aware of the problem and who have the tools to at least identify the incident, if not correct it. Therefore, train field staff to recognize and report the incidents.

What constitutes a “non-stormwater” discharge?
„ Non-stormwater discharges to the stormwater collection system may include any water used directly in the manufacturing process (process wastewater), air conditioning condensate and coolant, non-contact cooling water, cooling equipment condensate, outdoor secondary containment water, vehicle and equipment wash water, sink and drinking fountain wastewater, sanitary wastes, or other wastewaters.

Permit Requirements
„ Facilities subject to stormwater permit requirements must include a certification that the stormwater collection system has been tested or evaluated for the presence of nonstormwater discharges. The State’s General Industrial Stormwater Permit requires that nonstormwater discharges be eliminated prior to implementation of the facility’s SWPPP.

Performance Evaluation
„ Review annually internal investigation results; assess whether goals were met and what changes or improvements are necessary.
„ Obtain feedback from personnel assigned to respond to, or inspect for, illicit connections and illegal dumping incidents.

References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/

Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup SC-11
Objectives
„ Cover
„ Contain
„ Educate
„ Reduce/Minimize
„ Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
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Description
Many activities that occur at an industrial or commercial site have the potential to cause accidental or illegal spills.

Preparation for accidental or illegal spills, with proper training and reporting systems implemented, can minimize the discharge of pollutants to the environment.

Spills and leaks are one of the largest contributors of stormwater pollutants. Spill prevention and control plans are applicable to any site at which hazardous materials are stored or used. An effective plan should have spill prevention and response procedures that identify potential spill areas, specify material handling procedures, describe spill response procedures, and provide spill clean-up equipment. The plan should take steps to identify and characterize potential spills, eliminate and reduce spill potential, respond to spills when they occur in an effort to prevent pollutants from entering the stormwater drainage system, and train personnel to prevent and control future spills.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
„ Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems. Develop and standardize reporting procedures,
containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation, and follow-up procedures.
„ Develop a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan. The plan should include:

Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals ;
Bacteria
Oil and Grease ;
Organics ;
Photo Credit: Geoff Brosseau
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- Description of the facility, owner and address, activities and chemicals present - Facility map
- Notification and evacuation procedures
- Cleanup instructions
- Identification of responsible departments
- Identify key spill response personnel
„ Recycle, reclaim, or reuse materials whenever possible. This will reduce the amount of process materials that are brought into the facility.

Suggested Protocols (including equipment needs)
Spill Prevention
„ Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems. Develop and standardize reporting procedures, containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation, and follow-up procedures.
„ If consistent illegal dumping is observed at the facility:
- Post “No Dumping” signs with a phone number for reporting illegal dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties applicable for illegal dumping. - Landscaping and beautification efforts may also discourage illegal dumping. - Bright lighting and/or entrance barriers may also be needed to discourage illegal dumping.
„ Store and contain liquid materials in such a manner that if the tank is ruptured, the contents will not discharge, flow, or be washed into the storm drainage system, surface waters, or groundwater.
„ If the liquid is oil, gas, or other material that separates from and floats on water, install a spill control device (such as a tee section) in the catch basins that collects runoff from the storage tank area.
„ Routine maintenance:
- Place drip pans or absorbent materials beneath all mounted taps, and at all potential drip and spill locations during filling and unloading of tanks. Any collected liquids or soiled absorbent materials must be reused/recycled or properly disposed. - Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location known to all near the tank storage area; and ensure that employees are familiar with the site’s spill control plan and/or proper spill cleanup procedures.
- Sweep and clean the storage area monthly if it is paved, do not hose down the area to a storm drain.
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- Check tanks (and any containment sumps) daily for leaks and spills. Replace tanks that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating with tanks in good condition. Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them.
„ Label all containers according to their contents (e.g., solvent, gasoline). „ Label hazardous substances regarding the potential hazard (corrosive, radioactive, flammable, explosive, poisonous).
„ Prominently display required labels on transported hazardous and toxic materials (per US DOT regulations).
„ Identify key spill response personnel.

Spill Control and Cleanup Activities
„ Follow the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. „ Clean up leaks and spills immediately.
„ Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible (e.g., near storage and maintenance areas).
„ On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste. Physical methods for the cleanup of dry chemicals include the use of brooms, shovels, sweepers, or plows. „ Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly. „ Chemical cleanups of material can be achieved with the use of adsorbents, gels, and foams.

Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
„ For larger spills, a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary.

Reporting
„ Report spills that pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment to the Regional Water Quality Control Board.
„ Federal regulations require that any oil spill into a water body or onto an adjoining shoreline be reported to the National Response Center (NRC) at 800-424-8802 (24 hour). „ Report spills to local agencies, such as the fire department; they can assist in cleanup. „ Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following:
- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
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- Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, “midnight dumping” from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
- Responsible parties
Training
„ Educate employees about spill prevention and cleanup. „ Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills:
- The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill should one occur.
- Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan.
„ Employees should be educated about aboveground storage tank requirements. Employees responsible for aboveground storage tanks and liquid transfers should be thoroughly familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan and the plan should be readily available.
„ Train employees to recognize and report illegal dumping incidents.

Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations)
„ A Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) is required for facilities that are subject to the oil pollution regulations specified in Part 112 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations or if they have a storage capacity of 10,000 gallons or more of petroleum. (Health and Safety Code 6.67)
„ State regulations also exist for storage of hazardous materials (Health & Safety Code Chapter

6.95), including the preparation of area and business plans for emergency response to the releases or threatened releases.
„ Consider requiring smaller secondary containment areas (less than 200 sq. ft.) to be connected to the sanitary sewer, prohibiting any hard connections to the storm drain.

Requirements
Costs (including capital and operation & maintenance)
„ Will vary depending on the size of the facility and the necessary controls. „ Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of contaminated soil or water can be quite expensive.

Maintenance (including administrative and staffing)
„ This BMP has no major administrative or staffing requirements. However, extra time is needed to properly handle and dispose of spills, which results in increased labor costs. 4 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Reporting
Record keeping and internal reporting represent good operating practices because they can increase the efficiency of the facility and the effectiveness of BMPs. A good record keeping system helps the facility minimize incident recurrence, correctly respond with appropriate cleanup activities, and comply with legal requirements. A record keeping and reporting system should be set up for documenting spills, leaks, and other discharges, including discharges of hazardous substances in reportable quantities. Incident records describe the quality and quantity of non-stormwater discharges to the storm sewer. These records should contain the following information:
„ Date and time of the incident
„ Weather conditions
„ Duration of the spill/leak/discharge
„ Cause of the spill/leak/discharge
„ Response procedures implemented
„ Persons notified
„ Environmental problems associated with the spill/leak/discharge Separate record keeping systems should be established to document housekeeping and preventive maintenance inspections, and training activities. All housekeeping and preventive maintenance inspections should be documented. Inspection documentation should contain the following information:
„ The date and time the inspection was performed
„ Name of the inspector
„ Items inspected
„ Problems noted
„ Corrective action required
„ Date corrective action was taken
Other means to document and record inspection results are field notes, timed and dated photographs, videotapes, and drawings and maps.

Aboveground Tank Leak and Spill Control
Accidental releases of materials from aboveground liquid storage tanks present the potential for contaminating stormwater with many different pollutants. Materials spilled, leaked, or lost from January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 9
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tanks may accumulate in soils or on impervious surfaces and be carried away by stormwater runoff.

The most common causes of unintentional releases are:
„ Installation problems
„ Failure of piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and valves) „ External corrosion and structural failure
„ Spills and overfills due to operator error
„ Leaks during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage tank or vice versa Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids should comply with the Uniform Fire Code and the National Electric Code. Practices listed below should be employed to enhance the code requirements:
„ Tanks should be placed in a designated area.
„ Tanks located in areas where firearms are discharged should be encapsulated in concrete or the equivalent.
„ Designated areas should be impervious and paved with Portland cement concrete, free of cracks and gaps, in order to contain leaks and spills.
„ Liquid materials should be stored in UL approved double walled tanks or surrounded by a curb or dike to provide the volume to contain 10 percent of the volume of all of the containers or 110 percent of the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. The area inside the curb should slope to a drain.
„ For used oil or dangerous waste, a dead-end sump should be installed in the drain. „ All other liquids should be drained to the sanitary sewer if available. The drain must have a positive control such as a lock, valve, or plug to prevent release of contaminated liquids. „ Accumulated stormwater in petroleum storage areas should be passed through an oil/water separator.

Maintenance is critical to preventing leaks and spills. Conduct routine inspections and:
„ Check for external corrosion and structural failure.
„ Check for spills and overfills due to operator error. „ Check for failure of piping system (pipes, pumps, flanger, coupling, hoses, and valves). „ Check for leaks or spills during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage facility or vice versa.
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„ Visually inspect new tank or container installation for loose fittings, poor welding, and improper or poorly fitted gaskets.
„ Inspect tank foundations, connections, coatings, and tank walls and piping system. Look for corrosion, leaks, cracks, scratches, and other physical damage that may weaken the tank or container system.
„ Frequently relocate accumulated stormwater during the wet season. „ Periodically conduct integrity testing by a qualified professional.

Vehicle Leak and Spill Control
Major spills on roadways and other public areas are generally handled by highly trained Hazmat teams from local fire departments or environmental health departments. The measures listed below pertain to leaks and smaller spills at vehicle maintenance shops.

In addition to implementing the spill prevention, control, and clean up practices above, use the following measures related to specific activities:

Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance
„ Perform all vehicle fluid removal or changing inside or under cover to prevent the run-on of stormwater and the runoff of spills.
„ Regularly inspect vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. „ Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment onsite.
„ Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids.
„ Immediately drain all fluids from wrecked vehicles.
„ Store wrecked vehicles or damaged equipment under cover. „ Place drip pans or absorbent materials under heavy equipment when not in use. „ Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. „ Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. „ Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don’t leave full drip pans or other open containers lying around.
„ Oil filters disposed of in trashcans or dumpsters can leak oil and contaminate stormwater.

Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters.

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„ Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking.

Vehicle and Equipment Fueling
„ Design the fueling area to prevent the run-on of stormwater and the runoff of spills:
- Cover fueling area if possible.
- Use a perimeter drain or slope pavement inward with drainage to a sump. - Pave fueling area with concrete rather than asphalt.
„ If dead-end sump is not used to collect spills, install an oil/water separator. „ Install vapor recovery nozzles to help control drips as well as air pollution. „ Discourage “topping-off’ of fuel tanks.
„ Use secondary containment when transferring fuel from the tank truck to the fuel tank. „ Use adsorbent materials on small spills and general cleaning rather than hosing down the area. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly.
„ Carry out all Federal and State requirements regarding underground storage tanks, or install above ground tanks.
„ Do not use mobile fueling of mobile industrial equipment around the facility; rather, transport the equipment to designated fueling areas.
„ Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date. „ Train employees in proper fueling and cleanup procedures.

Industrial Spill Prevention Response
For the purposes of developing a spill prevention and response program to meet the stormwater regulations, facility managers should use information provided in this fact sheet and the spill prevention/response portions of the fact sheets in this handbook, for specific activities. The program should:
„ Integrate with existing emergency response/hazardous materials programs (e.g., Fire Department)
„ Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems „ Identify responsible departments
„ Develop and standardize reporting procedures, containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation, and follow-up procedures
„ Address spills at municipal facilities, as well as public areas 8 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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„ Provide training concerning spill prevention, response and cleanup to all appropriate personnel
References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org The Stormwater Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 9 of 9
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Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41
Objectives
„ Cover
„ Contain
„ Educate
„ Reduce/Minimize
„ Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment 
Nutrients 
Trash
Metals 
Bacteria 
Oil and Grease
Organics
Description
Stormwater runoff from building and grounds maintenance activities can be contaminated with toxic hydrocarbons in solvents, fertilizers and pesticides, suspended solids, heavy metals, abnormal pH, and oils and greases. Utilizing the protocols in this fact sheet will prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from building and grounds
maintenance activities by washing and cleaning up with as little water as possible, following good landscape management
practices, preventing and cleaning up spills immediately, keeping debris from entering the storm drains, and maintaining the stormwater collection system.

Approach
Reduce potential for pollutant discharge through source control pollution prevention and BMP implementation. Successful implementation depends on effective training of employees on applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and objectives.

Pollution Prevention
„ Switch to non-toxic chemicals for maintenance when
possible.
„ Choose cleaning agents that can be recycled.
„ Encourage proper lawn management and landscaping,
including use of native vegetation.

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„ Encourage use of Integrated Pest Management techniques for pest control. „ Encourage proper onsite recycling of yard trimmings.
„ Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other material as much as possible.

Suggested Protocols
Pressure Washing of Buildings, Rooftops, and Other Large Objects „ In situations where soaps or detergents are used and the surrounding area is paved, pressure washers must use a water collection device that enables collection of wash water and associated solids. A sump pump, wet vacuum or similarly effective device must be used to collect the runoff and loose materials. The collected runoff and solids must be disposed of properly.
„ If soaps or detergents are not used, and the surrounding area is paved, wash runoff does not have to be collected but must be screened. Pressure washers must use filter fabric or some other type of screen on the ground and/or in the catch basin to trap the particles in wash water runoff.
„ If you are pressure washing on a grassed area (with or without soap), runoff must be dispersed as sheet flow as much as possible, rather than as a concentrated stream. The wash runoff must remain on the grass and not drain to pavement.

Landscaping Activities
„ Dispose of grass clippings, leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, or by composting. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems.
„ Use mulch or other erosion control measures on exposed soils.

Building Repair, Remodeling, and Construction
„ Do not dump any toxic substance or liquid waste on the pavement, the ground, or toward a storm drain.
„ Use ground or drop cloths underneath outdoor painting, scraping, and sandblasting work, and properly dispose of collected material daily.
„ Use a ground cloth or oversized tub for activities such as paint mixing and tool cleaning. „ Clean paintbrushes and tools covered with water-based paints in sinks connected to sanitary sewers or in portable containers that can be dumped into a sanitary sewer drain. Brushes and tools covered with non-water-based paints, finishes, or other materials must be cleaned in a manner that enables collection of used solvents (e.g., paint thinner, turpentine, etc.) for recycling or proper disposal.
„ Use a storm drain cover, filter fabric, or similarly effective runoff control mechanism if dust, grit, wash water, or other pollutants may escape the work area and enter a catch basin. This is particularly necessary on rainy days. The containment device(s) must be in place at the beginning of the work day, and accumulated dirty runoff and solids must be collected and disposed of before removing the containment device(s) at the end of the work day. 2 of 5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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„ If you need to de-water an excavation site, you may need to filter the water before discharging to a catch basin or off-site. If directed off-site, you should direct the water through hay bales and filter fabric or use other sediment filters or traps. „ Store toxic material under cover during precipitation events and when not in use. A cover would include tarps or other temporary cover material.

Mowing, Trimming, and Planting
„ Dispose of leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, by composting or at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems.
„ Use mulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed. „ Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and drain inlets, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system. „ Consider an alternative approach when bailing out muddy water: do not put it in the storm drain; pour over landscaped areas.
„ Use hand weeding where practical.

Fertilizer and Pesticide Management
„ Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors. „ Use less toxic pesticides that will do the job when applicable. Avoid use of copper-based pesticides if possible.
„ Do not use pesticides if rain is expected.
„ Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains. „ Use the minimum amount needed for the job.
„ Calibrate fertilizer distributors to avoid excessive application. „ Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g., spray drift) of pesticides, including consideration of alternative application techniques. „ Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low.
„ Fertilizers should be worked into the soil rather than dumped or broadcast onto the surface. „ Irrigate slowly to prevent runoff and then only as much as is needed. „ Clean pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying irrigation water.
„ Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label.

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SC-41 Building & Grounds Maintenance
„ Use up the pesticides. Rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused pesticide as hazardous waste.
„ Implement storage requirements for pesticide products with guidance from the local fire department and County Agricultural Commissioner. Provide secondary containment for pesticides.

Inspection
„ Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being applied and that excessive runoff is not occurring. Minimize excess watering and repair leaks in the irrigation system as soon as they are observed.

Training
„ Educate and train employees on pesticide use and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution.
„ Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. „ Be sure the frequency of training takes into account the complexity of the operations and the nature of the staff.

Spill Response and Prevention
„ Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date. „ Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials, such as brooms, dustpans, and vacuum sweepers (if desired) near the storage area where it will be readily accessible. „ Have employees trained in spill containment and cleanup present during the loading/unloading of dangerous wastes, liquid chemicals, or other materials. „ Familiarize employees with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. „ Clean up spills immediately.

Other Considerations
Alternative pest/weed controls may not be available, suitable, or effective in many cases.

Requirements
Costs
„ Cost will vary depending on the type and size of facility. „ Overall costs should be low in comparison to other BMPs.

Maintenance
Sweep paved areas regularly to collect loose particles. Wipe up spills with rags and other absorbent material immediately, do not hose down the area to a storm drain. 4 of 5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41
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Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Fire Sprinkler Line Flushing
Building fire sprinkler line flushing may be a source of non-stormwater runoff pollution. The water entering the system is usually potable water, though in some areas it may be non-potable reclaimed wastewater. There are subsequent factors that may drastically reduce the quality of the water in such systems. Black iron pipe is usually used since it is cheaper than potable piping, but it is subject to rusting and results in lower quality water. Initially, the black iron pipe has an oil coating to protect it from rusting between manufacture and installation; this will contaminate the water from the first flush but not from subsequent flushes. Nitrates, polyphosphates and other corrosion inhibitors, as well as fire suppressants and antifreeze may be added to the sprinkler water system. Water generally remains in the sprinkler system a long time (typically a year) and between flushes may accumulate iron, manganese, lead, copper, nickel, and zinc. The water generally becomes anoxic and contains living and dead bacteria and breakdown products from chlorination. This may result in a significant BOD problem and the water often smells. Consequently dispose fire sprinkler line flush water into the sanitary sewer.

Do not allow discharge to storm drain or infiltration due to potential high levels of pollutants in fire sprinkler line water.

References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Mobile Cleaners Pilot Program: Final Report. 1997. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.org/
Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.org/
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/

Building Repair and Construction SC-42
Objectives
„ Cover
„ Contain
„ Educate
„ Reduce/Minimize
„ Recycle
Targeted Constituents
Sediment 
Nutrients
Trash 
Metals 
Bacteria
Oil and Grease 
Organics 
Description
Modifications are common particularly at large industrial sites.

The activity may vary from minor and normal building repair to major remodeling, or the construction of new facilities. These activities can generate pollutants including solvents, paints, paint and varnish removers, finishing residues, spent thinners, soap cleaners, kerosene, asphalt and concrete materials, adhesive residues, and old asbestos installation. Protocols in this fact sheet are intended to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from building repair, remodeling, and construction by using soil erosion controls, enclosing or covering building material storage areas, using good housekeeping practices, using safer alternative products, and training employees.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
„ Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other materials to the maximum extent practical.
„ Buy recycled products to the maximum extent practical. „ Inform on-site contractors of company policy on these matters and include appropriate provisions in their contract to ensure certain proper housekeeping and disposal practices are implemented.

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SC-42 Building Repair and Construction
„ Make sure that nearby storm drains are well marked to minimize the chance of inadvertent disposal of residual paints and other liquids.

Suggested Protocols
Repair & Remodeling
„ Follow BMPs identified in Construction BMP Handbook.
„ Maintain good housekeeping practices while work is underway. „ Keep the work site clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. Sweep the area. „ Cover materials of particular concern that must be left outside, particularly during the rainy season.
„ Do not dump waste liquids down the storm drain.
„ Dispose of wash water, sweepings, and sediments properly. „ Store materials properly that are normally used in repair and remodeling such as paints and solvents.
„ Sweep out the gutter or wash the gutter and trap the particles at the outlet of the downspout if when repairing roofs, small particles have accumulated in the gutter. A sock or geofabric placed over the outlet may effectively trap the materials. If the downspout is tight lined, place a temporary plug at the first convenient point in the storm drain and pump out the water with a vactor truck, and clean the catch basin sump where you placed the plug. „ Properly store and dispose waste materials generated from construction activities. See Construction BMP Handbook.
„ Clean the storm drain system in the immediate vicinity of the construction activity after it is completed.

Painting
„ Enclose painting operations consistent with local air quality regulations and OSHA. „ Local air pollution regulations may, in many areas of the state, specify painting procedures which if properly carried out are usually sufficient to protect water quality. „ Develop paint handling procedures for proper use, storage, and disposal of paints. „ Transport paint and materials to and from job sites in containers with secure lids and tied down to the transport vehicle.
„ Test and inspect spray equipment prior to starting to paint. Tighten all hoses and connections and do not overfill paint containers.
„ Mix paint indoors before using so that any spill will not be exposed to rain. Do so even during dry weather because cleanup of a spill will never be 100% effective. „ Transfer and load paint and hot thermoplastic away from storm drain inlets. 2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Building Repair and Construction SC-42
„ Do not transfer or load paint near storm drain inlets. „ Plug nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting painting and remove plugs when job is complete when there is significant risk of a spill reaching storm drains. „ Cover nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting work if sand blasting is used to remove paint.
„ Use a ground cloth to collect the chips if painting requires scraping or sand blasting of the existing surface. Dispose the residue properly.
„ Cover or enclose painting operations properly to avoid drift. „ Clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the sanitary sewer if using water based paints.
„ Capture all cleanup-water and dispose of properly.
„ Dispose of paints containing lead or tributyl tin and considered a hazardous waste properly. „ Store leftover paints if they are to be kept for the next job properly, or dispose properly. „ Recycle paint when possible. Dispose of paint at an appropriate household hazardous waste facility.

Training
Proper education of off-site contractors is often overlooked. The conscientious efforts of well trained employees can be lost by unknowing off-site contractors, so make sure they are well informed about what they are expected to do.

Spill Response and Prevention
„ Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date. „ Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. „ Clean up spills immediately.
„ Excavate and remove the contaminated (stained) soil if a spill occurs on dirt.

Limitations
„ This BMP is for minor construction only. The State’s General Construction Activity Stormwater Permit has more requirements for larger projects. The companion “Construction Best Management Practice Handbook” contains specific guidance and best management practices for larger-scale projects.
„ Hazardous waste that cannot be reused or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler.
„ Be certain that actions to help stormwater quality are consistent with Cal- and Fed-OSHA and air quality regulations.

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SC-42 Building Repair and Construction
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Requirements
Costs
These BMPs are generally low to modest in cost.

Maintenance
N/A
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Soil/Erosion Control
If the work involves exposing large areas of soil, employ the appropriate soil erosion and control techniques. See the Construction Best Management Practice Handbook. If old buildings are being torn down and not replaced in the near future, stabilize the site using measures described in SC-40 Contaminated or Erodible Areas.

If a building is to be placed over an open area with a storm drainage system, make sure the storm inlets within the building are covered or removed, or the storm line is connected to the sanitary sewer. If because of the remodeling a new drainage system is to be installed or the existing system is to be modified, consider installing catch basins as they serve as effective “inline” treatment devices. See Treatment Control Fact Sheet TC-20 Wet Pond/Basin in Section 5 of the New Development and Redevelopment Handbook regarding design criteria. Include in the catch basin a “turn-down” elbow or similar device to trap floatables.

References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/

Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43
Objectives
„ Cover
„ Contain
„ Educate
„ Reduce/Minimize
„ Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment 
Nutrients
Trash 
Metals 
Bacteria
Oil and Grease 
Organics 
Description
Parking lots and storage areas can contribute a number of substances, such as trash, suspended solids, hydrocarbons, oil and grease, and heavy metals that can enter receiving waters through stormwater runoff or non-stormwater discharges. The protocols in this fact sheet are intended to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants from parking/storage areas and include using good housekeeping practices, following appropriate cleaning BMPs, and training employees.

Approach
The goal of this program is to ensure stormwater pollution prevention practices are considered when conducting activities on or around parking areas and storage areas to reduce potential for pollutant discharge to receiving waters. Successful implementation depends on effective training of employees on applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and objectives.

Pollution Prevention
„ Encourage alternative designs and maintenance strategies for impervious parking lots. (See New Development and
Redevelopment BMP Handbook)
„ Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate BMP
implementation.

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SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance
Suggested Protocols
General
„ Keep the parking and storage areas clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. „ Allow sheet runoff to flow into biofilters (vegetated strip and swale) and/or infiltration devices.
„ Utilize sand filters or oleophilic collectors for oily waste in low quantities. „ Arrange rooftop drains to prevent drainage directly onto paved surfaces. „ Design lot to include semi-permeable hardscape.
„ Discharge soapy water remaining in mop or wash buckets to the sanitary sewer through a sink, toilet, clean-out, or wash area with drain.

Controlling Litter
„ Post “No Littering” signs and enforce anti-litter laws. „ Provide an adequate number of litter receptacles.
„ Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage. „ Provide trash receptacles in parking lots to discourage litter. „ Routinely sweep, shovel, and dispose of litter in the trash.

Surface Cleaning
„ Use dry cleaning methods (e.g., sweeping, vacuuming) to prevent the discharge of pollutants into the stormwater conveyance system if possible.
„ Establish frequency of public parking lot sweeping based on usage and field observations of waste accumulation.
„ Sweep all parking lots at least once before the onset of the wet season. „ Follow the procedures below if water is used to clean surfaces:
- Block the storm drain or contain runoff.
- Collect and pump wash water to the sanitary sewer or discharge to a pervious surface.

Do not allow wash water to enter storm drains.
- Dispose of parking lot sweeping debris and dirt at a landfill. „ Follow the procedures below when cleaning heavy oily deposits:
- Clean oily spots with absorbent materials.
- Use a screen or filter fabric over inlet, then wash surfaces. 2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43
- Do not allow discharges to the storm drain.
- Vacuum/pump discharges to a tank or discharge to sanitary sewer. - Appropriately dispose of spilled materials and absorbents.

Surface Repair
„ Preheat, transfer or load hot bituminous material away from storm drain inlets. „ Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination from contacting stormwater runoff.
„ Cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets where applicable (with waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until job is complete and all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal. „ Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. „ Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly.

Inspection
„ Have designated personnel conduct inspections of parking facilities and stormwater conveyance systems associated with parking facilities on a regular basis. „ Inspect cleaning equipment/sweepers for leaks on a regular basis.

Training
„ Provide regular training to field employees and/or contractors regarding cleaning of paved areas and proper operation of equipment.
„ Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup.

Spill Response and Prevention
„ Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date. „ Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible or at a central location.
„ Clean up fluid spills immediately with absorbent rags or material. „ Dispose of spilled material and absorbents properly.

Other Considerations
Limitations related to sweeping activities at large parking facilities may include high equipment costs, the need for sweeper operator training, and the inability of current sweeper technology to remove oil and grease.

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Requirements
Costs
Cleaning/sweeping costs can be quite large. Construction and maintenance of stormwater structural controls can be quite expensive as well.

Maintenance
„ Sweep parking lot regularly to minimize cleaning with water. „ Clean out oil/water/sand separators regularly, especially after heavy storms. „ Clean parking facilities regularly to prevent accumulated wastes and pollutants from being discharged into conveyance systems during rainy conditions.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Surface Repair
Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination from contacting stormwater runoff. Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until job is complete and all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal.

Only use only as much water as is necessary for dust control to avoid runoff.

References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.org/
Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998.

Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/

Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
Objectives
„ Cover
„ Contain
„ Educate
„ Reduce/Minimize
Targeted Constituents
Sediment 
Nutrients
Trash 
Metals
Bacteria 
Oil and Grease
Organics
Description
As a consequence of its function, the stormwater conveyance system collects and transports urban runoff and stormwater that may contain certain pollutants. The protocols in this fact sheet are intended to reduce pollutants reaching receiving waters through proper conveyance system operation and maintenance.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Maintain catch basins, stormwater inlets, and other stormwater conveyance structures on a regular basis to remove pollutants, reduce high pollutant concentrations during the first flush of storms, prevent clogging of the downstream conveyance system, restore catch basins’ sediment trapping capacity, and ensure the system functions properly hydraulically to avoid flooding.

Suggested Protocols
Catch Basins/Inlet Structures
„ Staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure compliance with the following:
- Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening
structural integrity.
- Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins
should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this
standard.
- Stenciling of catch basins and inlets (see SC34 Waste Handling and Disposal).

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SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
„ Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance structures before the wet season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the summer. „ Conduct inspections more frequently during the wet season for problem areas where sediment or trash accumulates more often. Clean and repair as needed. „ Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned. „ Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm drain.
„ Dewater the wastes if necessary with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted. Water should be treated with an appropriate filtering device prior to discharge to the sanitary sewer. If discharge to the sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream.

Storm Drain Conveyance System
„ Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a flushing schedule that keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup.
„ Collect and pump flushed effluent to the sanitary sewer for treatment whenever possible.

Pump Stations
„ Clean all storm drain pump stations prior to the wet season to remove silt and trash. „ Do not allow discharge to reach the storm drain system when cleaning a storm drain pump station or other facility.
„ Conduct routine maintenance at each pump station.
„ Inspect, clean, and repair as necessary all outlet structures prior to the wet season.

Open Channel
„ Modify storm channel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, increase pollutant removals, and enhance channel/creek aesthetic and habitat value. „ Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person, government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that will change the natural (emphasis added) state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a Steam or Lake Alteration Agreement with the Department of Fish and Game. The developer-applicant should also contact local governments (city, county, special districts), other state agencies (SWRCB, RWQCB, Department of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Federal Corps of Engineers and USFWS.

Illicit Connections and Discharges
„ Look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connections during routine maintenance of conveyance system and drainage structures:
- Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc? 2 of 6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
- Are there any odors associated with the drainage system? - Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections? - Track flows back to potential dischargers and conduct aboveground inspections. This can be done through visual inspection of upgradient manholes or alternate techniques including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, physical inspection testing, or television camera inspection.
- Eliminate the discharge once the origin of flow is established. „ Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants.

Storm drain inlets should have messages such as “Dump No Waste Drains to Stream” stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system.
„ Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges.

Illegal Dumping
„ Inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas regularly where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.
„ Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following:
- Illegal dumping hot spots
- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
- Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) - Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, “midnight dumping” from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
- Responsible parties
„ Post “No Dumping” signs in problem areas with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping. „ Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges.

Training
„ Train crews in proper maintenance activities, including record keeping and disposal. „ Allow only properly trained individuals to handle hazardous materials/wastes. „ Have staff involved in detection and removal of illicit connections trained in the following:
- OSHA-required Health and Safety Training (29 CFR 1910.120) plus annual refresher training (as needed).

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SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
- OSHA Confined Space Entry training (Cal-OSHA Confined Space, Title 8 and Federal OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146).
- Procedural training (field screening, sampling, smoke/dye testing, TV inspection).

Spill Response and Prevention
„ Investigate all reports of spills, leaks, and/or illegal dumping promptly. „ Clean up all spills and leaks using “dry” methods (with absorbent materials and/or rags) or dig up, remove, and properly dispose of contaminated soil. „ Refer to fact sheet SC-11 Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup.

Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations)
„ Clean-up activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Access to items and material on private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If storm channels or basins are recognized as wetlands, many activities, including maintenance, may be subject to regulation and permitting.
„ Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less, depending on water supply and sediment collection capacity). Other considerations associated with storm drain flushing may include the availability of a water source, finding a downstream area to collect sediments, liquid/sediment disposal, and prohibition against disposal of flushed effluent to sanitary sewer in some areas. „ Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal. „ Local municipal codes may include sections prohibiting discharge of soil, debris, refuse, hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the storm drain system.

Requirements
Costs
„ An aggressive catch basin cleaning program could require a significant capital and O&M budget.
„ The elimination of illegal dumping is dependent on the availability, convenience, and cost of alternative means of disposal. The primary cost is for staff time. Cost depends on how aggressively a program is implemented. Other cost considerations for an illegal dumping program include:
- Purchase and installation of signs.
- Rental of vehicle(s) to haul illegally-disposed items and material to landfills. - Rental of heavy equipment to remove larger items (e.g., car bodies) from channels. - Purchase of landfill space to dispose of illegally-dumped items and material. 4 of 6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
„ Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing, visual inspection, and flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors, such as the level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type of land use will determine the level of investigation necessary.

Maintenance
„ Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks. „ Teams of at least two people plus administrative personnel are required to identify illicit discharges, depending on the complexity of the storm sewer system. „ Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes. „ Technical staff are required to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Storm Drain Flushing
Flushing is a common maintenance activity used to improve pipe hydraulics and to remove pollutants in storm drainage systems. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey accumulated material to strategic locations, such as an open channel, another point where flushing will be initiated, or the sanitary sewer and the treatment facilities,thus preventing resuspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm events. Flushing prevents “plug flow” discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. Deposits can hinder the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater conditions in severe cases of clogging.

Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to maintain adequate velocity to keep particles in suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped into the line to create a flushing wave. When the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the assistance of a vacuum pump, thereby releasing the backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storm drain segment.

To further reduce impacts of stormwater pollution, a second inflatable device placed well downstream may be used to recollect the water after the force of the flushing wave has dissipated. A pump may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated material to the sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure may be more practical or required to recollect the flushed waters.

It has been found that cleansing efficiency of periodic flush waves is dependent upon flush volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and population density. As a rule of thumb, the length of line to be flushed should not exceed 700 feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65- 75% for organics and 55-65% for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal efficiency drops rapidly beyond that. Water is commonly supplied by a water truck, but fire hydrants can also supply water. To make the best use of water, it is recommended that reclaimed water be used or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with storm sewer flushing.

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References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
Ferguson, B.K. 1991. Urban Stream Reclamation, p. 324-322, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.

King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998.

Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Storm Drain System Cleaning. On line:
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poll_16.htm

Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10
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Description
Each project site possesses unique topographic, hydrologic, and vegetative features, some of which are more suitable for development than others. Integrating and incorporating appropriate landscape planning methodologies into the project design is the most effective action that can be done to minimize surface and groundwater contamination from stormwater.

Approach
Landscape planning should couple consideration of land suitability for urban uses with consideration of community goals and projected growth. Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels.

Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment.

Design Considerations
Design requirements for site design and landscapes planning should conform to applicable standards and specifications of agencies with jurisdiction and be consistent with applicable General Plan and Local Area Plan policies.

Design Objectives
; Maximize Infiltration
; Provide Retention
; Slow Runoff
; Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey

SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning
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Designing New Installations
Begin the development of a plan for the landscape unit with attention to the following general principles:
„ Formulate the plan on the basis of clearly articulated community goals. Carefully identify conflicts and choices between retaining and protecting desired resources and community growth.
„ Map and assess land suitability for urban uses. Include the following landscape features in the assessment: wooded land, open unwooded land, steep slopes, erosion-prone soils, foundation suitability, soil suitability for waste disposal, aquifers, aquifer recharge areas, wetlands, floodplains, surface waters, agricultural lands, and various categories of urban land use. When appropriate, the assessment can highlight outstanding local or regional resources that the community determines should be protected (e.g., a scenic area, recreational area, threatened species habitat, farmland, fish run). Mapping and assessment should recognize not only these resources but also additional areas needed for their sustenance.

Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels.

Conserve Natural Areas during Landscape Planning
If applicable, the following items are required and must be implemented in the site layout during the subdivision design and approval process, consistent with applicable General Plan and Local Area Plan policies:
„ Cluster development on least-sensitive portions of a site while leaving the remaining land in a natural undisturbed condition.
„ Limit clearing and grading of native vegetation at a site to the minimum amount needed to build lots, allow access, and provide fire protection.
„ Maximize trees and other vegetation at each site by planting additional vegetation, clustering tree areas, and promoting the use of native and/or drought tolerant plants. „ Promote natural vegetation by using parking lot islands and other landscaped areas. „ Preserve riparian areas and wetlands.

Maximize Natural Water Storage and Infiltration Opportunities Within the Landscape Unit „ Promote the conservation of forest cover. Building on land that is already deforested affects basin hydrology to a lesser extent than converting forested land. Loss of forest cover reduces interception storage, detention in the organic forest floor layer, and water losses by evapotranspiration, resulting in large peak runoff increases and either their negative effects or the expense of countering them with structural solutions. „ Maintain natural storage reservoirs and drainage corridors, including depressions, areas of permeable soils, swales, and intermittent streams. Develop and implement policies and

Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
regulations to discourage the clearing, filling, and channelization of these features. Utilize them in drainage networks in preference to pipes, culverts, and engineered ditches. „ Evaluating infiltration opportunities by referring to the stormwater management manual for the jurisdiction and pay particular attention to the selection criteria for avoiding groundwater contamination, poor soils, and hydrogeological conditions that cause these facilities to fail. If necessary, locate developments with large amounts of impervious surfaces or a potential to produce relatively contaminated runoff away from groundwater recharge areas.

Protection of Slopes and Channels during Landscape Design „ Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes.
„ Avoid disturbing steep or unstable slopes.
„ Avoid disturbing natural channels.
„ Stabilize disturbed slopes as quickly as possible.
„ Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation. „ Control and treat flows in landscaping and/or other controls prior to reaching existing natural drainage systems.
„ Stabilize temporary and permanent channel crossings as quickly as possible, and ensure that increases in run-off velocity and frequency caused by the project do not erode the channel. „ Install energy dissipaters, such as riprap, at the outlets of new storm drains, culverts, conduits, or channels that enter unlined channels in accordance with applicable specifications to minimize erosion. Energy dissipaters shall be installed in such a way as to minimize impacts to receiving waters.
„ Line on-site conveyance channels where appropriate, to reduce erosion caused by increased flow velocity due to increases in tributary impervious area. The first choice for linings should be grass or some other vegetative surface, since these materials not only reduce runoff velocities, but also provide water quality benefits from filtration and infiltration. If velocities in the channel are high enough to erode grass or other vegetative linings, riprap, concrete, soil cement, or geo-grid stabilization are other alternatives. „ Consider other design principles that are comparable and equally effective.

Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define “redevelopment” in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of “ redevelopment” must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under “designing new installations” above should be followed.

SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning
4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Redevelopment may present significant opportunity to add features which had not previously been implemented. Examples include incorporation of depressions, areas of permeable soils, and swales in newly redeveloped areas. While some site constraints may exist due to the status of already existing infrastructure, opportunities should not be missed to maximize infiltration, slow runoff, reduce impervious areas, disconnect directly connected impervious areas.

Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002.

Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Washington State Department of Ecology, August 2001.

Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002.

Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.

Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002.

Roof Runoff Controls SD-11
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 3
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbook.com
Description
Various roof runoff controls are available to address stormwater that drains off rooftops. The objective is to reduce the total volume and rate of runoff from individual lots, and retain the pollutants on site that may be picked up from roofing materials and atmospheric deposition. Roof runoff controls consist of directing the roof runoff away from paved areas and mitigating flow to the storm drain system through one of several general approaches: cisterns or rain barrels; dry wells or infiltration trenches; pop-up emitters, and foundation planting. The first three approaches require the roof runoff to be contained in a gutter and downspout system. Foundation planting provides a vegetated strip under the drip line of the roof.

Approach
Design of individual lots for single-family homes as well as lots for higher density residential and commercial structures should consider site design provisions for containing and infiltrating roof runoff or directing roof runoff to vegetative swales or buffer areas. Retained water can be reused for watering gardens, lawns, and trees. Benefits to the environment include reduced demand for potable water used for irrigation, improved stormwater quality, increased groundwater recharge, decreased runoff volume and peak flows, and decreased flooding potential.

Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment.

Design Considerations
Designing New Installations
Cisterns or Rain Barrels
One method of addressing roof runoff is to direct roof downspouts to cisterns or rain barrels. A cistern is an above ground storage vessel with either a manually operated valve or a permanently open outlet. Roof runoff is temporarily stored and then released for irrigation or infiltration between storms. The number of rain Design Objectives
; Maximize Infiltration
; Provide Retention
; Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
; Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Rain Garden

SD-11 Roof Runoff Controls
2 of 3 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbook.com
barrels needed is a function of the rooftop area. Some low impact developers recommend that every house have at least 2 rain barrels, with a minimum storage capacity of 1000 liters. Roof barrels serve several purposes including mitigating the first flush from the roof which has a high volume, amount of contaminants, and thermal load. Several types of rain barrels are commercially available. Consideration must be given to selecting rain barrels that are vector proof and childproof. In addition, some barrels are designed with a bypass valve that filters out grit and other contaminants and routes overflow to a soak-away pit or rain garden.

If the cistern has an operable valve, the valve can be closed to store stormwater for irrigation or infiltration between storms. This system requires continual monitoring by the resident or grounds crews, but provides greater flexibility in water storage and metering. If a cistern is provided with an operable valve and water is stored inside for long periods, the cistern must be covered to prevent mosquitoes from breeding.

A cistern system with a permanently open outlet can also provide for metering stormwater runoff. If the cistern outlet is significantly smaller than the size of the downspout inlet (say ¼ to ½ inch diameter), runoff will build up inside the cistern during storms, and will empty out slowly after peak intensities subside. This is a feasible way to mitigate the peak flow increases caused by rooftop impervious land coverage, especially for the frequent, small storms.

Dry wells and Infiltration Trenches
Roof downspouts can be directed to dry wells or infiltration trenches. A dry well is constructed by excavating a hole in the ground and filling it with an open graded aggregate, and allowing the water to fill the dry well and infiltrate after the storm event. An underground connection from the downspout conveys water into the dry well, allowing it to be stored in the voids. To minimize sedimentation from lateral soil movement, the sides and top of the stone storage matrix can be wrapped in a permeable filter fabric, though the bottom may remain open. A perforated observation pipe can be inserted vertically into the dry well to allow for inspection and maintenance.

In practice, dry wells receiving runoff from single roof downspouts have been successful over long periods because they contain very little sediment. They must be sized according to the amount of rooftop runoff received, but are typically 4 to 5 feet square, and 2 to 3 feet deep, with a minimum of 1-foot soil cover over the top (maximum depth of 10 feet).

To protect the foundation, dry wells must be set away from the building at least 10 feet. They must be installed in solids that accommodate infiltration. In poorly drained soils, dry wells have very limited feasibility.

Infiltration trenches function in a similar manner and would be particularly effective for larger roof areas. An infiltration trench is a long, narrow, rock-filled trench with no outlet that receives stormwater runoff. These are described under Treatment Controls.

Pop-up Drainage Emitter
Roof downspouts can be directed to an underground pipe that daylights some distance from the building foundation, releasing the roof runoff through a pop-up emitter. Similar to a pop-up irrigation head, the emitter only opens when there is flow from the roof. The emitter remains flush to the ground during dry periods, for ease of lawn or landscape maintenance.

Roof Runoff Controls SD-11
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 3
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbook.com
Foundation Planting
Landscape planting can be provided around the base to allow increased opportunities for stormwater infiltration and protect the soil from erosion caused by concentrated sheet flow coming off the roof. Foundation plantings can reduce the physical impact of water on the soil and provide a subsurface matrix of roots that encourage infiltration. These plantings must be sturdy enough to tolerate the heavy runoff sheet flows, and periodic soil saturation.

Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define “redevelopment” in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of “ redevelopment” must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under “designing new installations” above should be followed.

Supplemental Information
Examples
„ City of Ottawa’s Water Links Surface –Water Quality Protection Program „ City of Toronto Downspout Disconnection Program
„ City of Boston, MA, Rain Barrel Demonstration Program Other Resources
Hager, Marty Catherine, Stormwater, “Low-Impact Development”, January/February 2003. www.stormh2o.com
Low Impact Urban Design Tools, Low Impact Development Design Center, Beltsville, MD. www.lid-stormwater.net
Start at the Source, Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association, 1999 Edition

Efficient Irrigation SD-12
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 2
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Description
Irrigation water provided to landscaped areas may result in excess irrigation water being conveyed into stormwater drainage systems.

Approach
Project plan designs for development and redevelopment should include application methods of irrigation water that minimize runoff of excess irrigation water into the stormwater conveyance system.

Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically excluded from this requirement.)
Design Considerations
Designing New Installations
The following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff should be considered, and incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the Permittee:
„ Employ rain-triggered shutoff devices to prevent irrigation after precipitation. „ Design irrigation systems to each landscape area’s specific water requirements. „ Include design featuring flow reducers or shutoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the event of broken sprinkler heads or lines.
„ Implement landscape plans consistent with County or City water conservation resolutions, which may include provision of water sensors, programmable irrigation times (for short cycles), etc.

Design Objectives
; Maximize Infiltration
; Provide Retention
; Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey

SD-12 Efficient Irrigation
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
„ Design timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess irrigation water into the storm water drainage system.
„ Group plants with similar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff and promote surface filtration. Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example, native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as:
- Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to minimize sediment in runoff
- Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of sunlight and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as recommended by the landscape architect
- Leaving a vegetative barrier along the property boundary and interior watercourses, to act as a pollutant filter, where appropriate and feasible - Choosing plants that minimize or eliminate the use of fertilizer or pesticides to sustain growth
„ Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff.

Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define “redevelopment” in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of “ redevelopment” must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under “designing new installations” above should be followed.

Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002.

Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002.

Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.

Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002.

Storm Drain Signage SD-13
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 2
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Description
Waste materials dumped into storm drain inlets can have severe impacts on receiving and ground waters. Posting notices regarding discharge prohibitions at storm drain inlets can prevent waste dumping. Storm drain signs and stencils are highly visible source controls that are typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets.

Approach
The stencil or affixed sign contains a brief statement that prohibits dumping of improper materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Storm drain messages have become a popular method of alerting the public about the effects of and the prohibitions against waste disposal.

Suitable Applications
Stencils and signs alert the public to the destination of pollutants discharged to the storm drain.

Signs are appropriate in residential, commercial, and industrial areas, as well as any other area where contributions or dumping to storm drains is likely.

Design Considerations
Storm drain message markers or placards are recommended at all storm drain inlets within the boundary of a development project. The marker should be placed in clear sight facing toward anyone approaching the inlet from either side. All storm drain inlet locations should be identified on the development site map.

Designing New Installations
The following methods should be considered for inclusion in the project design and show on project plans:
„ Provide stenciling or labeling of all storm drain inlets and catch basins, constructed or modified, within the project area with prohibitive language. Examples include “NO DUMPING Design Objectives
Maximize Infiltration
Provide Retention
Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
; Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey

SD-13 Storm Drain Signage
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
– DRAINS TO OCEAN” and/or other graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping. „ Post signs with prohibitive language and/or graphical icons, which prohibit illegal dumping at public access points along channels and creeks within the project area.

Note - Some local agencies have approved specific signage and/or storm drain message placards for use. Consult local agency stormwater staff to determine specific requirements for placard types and methods of application.

Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define “redevelopment” in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. If the project meets the definition of “redevelopment”, then the requirements stated under “ designing new installations” above should be included in all project design plans.

Additional Information
Maintenance Considerations
„ Legibility of markers and signs should be maintained. If required by the agency with jurisdiction over the project, the owner/operator or homeowner’s association should enter into a maintenance agreement with the agency or record a deed restriction upon the property title to maintain the legibility of placards or signs.

Placement
„ Signage on top of curbs tends to weather and fade.
„ Signage on face of curbs tends to be worn by contact with vehicle tires and sweeper brooms.

Supplemental Information
Examples
„ Most MS4 programs have storm drain signage programs. Some MS4 programs will provide stencils, or arrange for volunteers to stencil storm drains as part of their outreach program.

Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002.

Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002.

Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.

Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002.

Trash Storage Areas SD-32
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 2
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Description
Trash storage areas are areas where a trash receptacle (s) are located for use as a repository for solid wastes. Stormwater runoff from areas where trash is stored or disposed of can be polluted. In addition, loose trash and debris can be easily transported by water or wind into nearby storm drain inlets, channels, and/or creeks. Waste handling operations that may be sources of stormwater pollution include dumpsters, litter control, and waste piles.

Approach
This fact sheet contains details on the specific measures required to prevent or reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff associated with trash storage and handling. Preventative measures
including enclosures, containment structures, and impervious pavements to mitigate spills, should be used to reduce the likelihood of contamination.

Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically excluded from this requirement.)
Design Considerations
Design requirements for waste handling areas are governed by Building and Fire Codes, and by current local agency ordinances and zoning requirements. The design criteria described in this fact sheet are meant to enhance and be consistent with these code and ordinance requirements.

Hazardous waste should be handled in accordance with legal requirements established in Title 22, California Code of Regulation.

Wastes from commercial and industrial sites are typically hauled by either public or commercial carriers that may have design or access requirements for waste storage areas. The design criteria in this fact sheet are recommendations and are not intended to be in conflict with requirements established by the waste hauler. The waste hauler should be contacted prior to the design of your site trash collection areas. Conflicts or issues should be discussed with the local agency.

Designing New Installations
Trash storage areas should be designed to consider the following structural or treatment control BMPs:
„ Design trash container areas so that drainage from adjoining roofs and pavement is diverted around the area(s) to avoid run-on. This might include berming or grading the waste handling area to prevent run-on of stormwater.
„ Make sure trash container areas are screened or walled to prevent off-site transport of trash.

Design Objectives
Maximize Infiltration
Provide Retention
Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
; Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey

SD-32 Trash Storage Areas
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
„ Use lined bins or dumpsters to reduce leaking of liquid waste. „ Provide roofs, awnings, or attached lids on all trash containers to minimize direct precipitation and prevent rainfall from entering containers. „ Pave trash storage areas with an impervious surface to mitigate spills. „ Do not locate storm drains in immediate vicinity of the trash storage area. „ Post signs on all dumpsters informing users that hazardous materials are not to be disposed of therein.

Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define “redevelopment” in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of “ redevelopment” must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under “designing new installations” above should be followed.

Additional Information
Maintenance Considerations
The integrity of structural elements that are subject to damage (i.e., screens, covers, and signs) must be maintained by the owner/operator. Maintenance agreements between the local agency and the owner/operator may be required. Some agencies will require maintenance deed restrictions to be recorded of the property title. If required by the local agency, maintenance agreements or deed restrictions must be executed by the owner/operator before improvement plans are approved.

Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002.

Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002.

Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.

Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002.

Drain Insert MP-52
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 1
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
General Description
Drain inserts are manufactured filters or fabric placed in a drop inlet to remove sediment and debris. There are a multitude of inserts of various shapes and configurations, typically falling into one of three different groups: socks, boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene “bag” is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occur in the same box. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays may hold different types of media. Filtration media vary by manufacturer. Types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon.

Inspection/Maintenance Considerations
Washout problems increase with rain intensity. Susceptibility of accumulated sediments to be re-suspended at low flow rates, can be corrected with an energy dissipater between gate and treatment areas.

Maintenance Concerns,
Objectives, and Goals
„ Sediment Removal
Targeted Constituents
 Sediment
 Nutrients
 Trash
 Metals
Bacteria
 Oil and Grease
 Organics
Removal Effectiveness
See New Development and
Redevelopment Handbook-Section 5.

Inspection Activities Suggested
Frequency
„ Inspect for sediment buildup and proper
functioning.

At the beginning of the
wet season and after
significant storms
„ Verify that stormwater enters the unit and
does not leak around the perimeter.

After construction.

Maintenance Activities Suggested
Frequency
„ Remove sediment as needed. At the beginning of the
wet season and as
necessary

Low Impact Development Plan (LID Plan)
SYSCO Los Angeles, 20701 E. Currier Road
Attachment G
Watershed Map

Low Impact Development Plan (LID Plan)
SYSCO Los Angeles, 20701 E. Currier Road
Attachment H
50% Rule Map

VALLEY BLVD UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY TRACK SAN JOSE CREEK

PROPERTY LINE

CURRIER ROAD

FLUID DISPENSER
7'-2"
OFFICE OFFICE REC.

CONTROL

OPERATIONS CONTROL
PHONE

WOMEN MEN

CONFERENCE STORAGE
DRIVER
TOILET
$AUDIT
BAD
BLOCK
1647 SF 235 OCCUPANT 1371 SF 199 OCCUPANTS 1394 SF 199 OCCUPANTS 1377 SF 199 OCCUPANTS 40 OF7
OF6 OF6
OF7
OF7 OF7 OF7
OF7
OF7
OF7
OF7
OF6 OF6
OF6
OF6 OF6 OF6
06/18/24 CJN
21 FACILITY EXPANSION & SITE MODIFICATIONS FOR

SYSCO LOS ANGELES
20701 CURRIER RD.

WALNUT, CA 91789 CONCEPT DRAWING. NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION.

REVISIONS:

PROJ. MGR: DATE:
d
N
WDID NO

PENDING
Know what'sbelow. Callbefore you dig.

LID-03 50% RULE EXHIBIT

PRO-ECT LIMITS / DISTURBED AREA

PROPOSED SITE PLAN
E;ISTING PER9IOUS
LEGEND
E;ISTING PROPERTY LINE/ RIGHTOFWAY
E;ISTING CONDITIONS PROPERTY SUMMARY
TOTAL PROPERTY AREA  SF
 AC

E;ISTING IMPER9IOUS AREA  SF
 AC

E;ISTING PER9IOUS AREA

 SF
 AC

PROPOSED DISTURBED AREA SUMMARY

PRO-ECT SITE

DISTURBED
 SF
 AC

PROPOSED IMPER9IOUS  SF
 AC

PROPOSED PER9IOUS 
 SF
 AC

PERCENT IMPER9IOUS ADDED/REPLACED 
LESS THAN  OF E;ISTING IMPER9IOUS ADDED/REPLACED
THEREFORE ONLY TREAT DISTURBED AREA
PROPOSED PER9IOUS

Circulation Draft
City of Industry
Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
October 15, 2024

APPENDIX G
Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion Project Noise
and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report

SYSCO LOS ANGELES FACILITY EXPANSION

PROJECT, CITY OF INDUSTRY, CA
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report
Prepared for July 2024
Sysco Corporation
1390 Enclave Parkway
Houston, Texas 77077

SYSCO LOS ANGELES FACILITY EXPANSION

PROJECT, CITY OF INDUSTRY, CA
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report
Prepared for July 2024
Sysco Corporation
1390 Enclave Parkway
Houston, Texas 77077
626 Wilshire Boulevard
Suite 1100
Los Angeles, CA 90017
213.599.4300
esassoc.com
D202200358.00

OUR COMMITMENT TO SUSTAINABILITY | ESA helps a variety of public and private sector clients plan and prepare for climate change and emerging regulations that limit GHG emissions. ESA is a registered assessor with the California Climate Action Registry, a Climate Leader, and founding reporter for the Climate Registry. ESA is also a corporate member of the U.S. Green Building Council and the Business Council on Climate Change (BC3). Internally, ESA has adopted a Sustainability Vision and Policy Statement and a plan to reduce waste and energy within our operations. This document was produced using recycled paper.

20701 Currier Road Project i ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion Project
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical
Report
Page
Acronyms and Abbreviations................................................................................................iii Executive Summary.................................................................................................................1 Section 1...................................................................................................................................1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Project Location and Existing Conditions ...............................................................1

1.2 Project Description..................................................................................................3

1.3 Noise and Vibration Descriptors .............................................................................3

1.4 Existing Noise Conditions .....................................................................................11

1.5 Existing Ground-borne Vibration Levels ...............................................................15 Section 2................................................................................................................................. 16 Regulatory Framework..........................................................................................................16

2.1 Federal ..................................................................................................................16

2.2 State of California..................................................................................................17

2.3 City of Industry ......................................................................................................19 Section 3................................................................................................................................. 21 Thresholds of Significance...................................................................................................21

3.1 Noise Levels..........................................................................................................21

3.2 Groundborne Vibration and Groundborne Noise..................................................22 Section 4................................................................................................................................. 23 Methodology...........................................................................................................................23

4.1 On-Site Construction Noise ..................................................................................23

4.2 Stationary Point-Source Noise (Operations) ........................................................23

4.3 Groundborne Vibration and Noise (Construction and Operations) ......................24 Section 5................................................................................................................................. 25 Environmental Impacts .........................................................................................................25

5.1 Temporary Increase in Ambient Noise Levels......................................................25

5.2 Permanent Increase in Ambient Noise Levels......................................................31

5.3 Groundborne Vibration..........................................................................................33 Exhibits

Table of Contents
Page
20701 Currier Road Project ii ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 A Ambient Noise Data
B Construction Noise Calculations
List of Figures
Figure 1 Regional Location ...................................................................................................2 Figure 2 Aerial Photograph with Surrounding Land Uses.....................................................4 Figure 3 Decibel Scale and Common Noise Sources...........................................................6 Figure 4 Noise Measurement and Existing Noise Sensitive Locations ..............................13 List of Tables
Table 1 Summary of Ambient Noise Measurements.........................................................12 Table 2 Construction Vibration Damage Criteria ...............................................................16 Table 3 Groundborne Vibration Impact Criteria for General Assessment.........................17 Table 4 Caltrans Vibration Annoyance Potential Criteria ..................................................18 Table 5 Guideline Vibration Damage Potential Threshold Criteria....................................18 Table 6 Noise and Land Use Compatibility Matrix - California..........................................19 Table 9 Construction Equipment Noise Levels..................................................................26 Table 10 Estimated Unmitigated Construction Noise Levels at Existing Off-Site Sensitive Receivers...............................................................................................27 Table 11 Estimated Mitigated Construction Noise Levels at Existing Off-Site Sensitive Receivers...............................................................................................31 Table 12 Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment...........................................34

20701 Currier Road Project iii ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Acronym Description
Caltrans California Department of Transportation
CEQA
CFR
California Environmental Quality Act
Code of Federal Regulations
City City of Industry
CCMC
CCR
City of Industry Municipal Code
California Code of Regulations
CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level
dB decibel
dBA A-weighted dB scale
FTA Federal Transit Administration
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
Ldn Day-night average noise level
Leq Equivalent Sound Level
Lmax Maximum Noise Level
Lmin Minimum Noise Level
Metro Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority Noise Element City of Industry General Plan Noise Element PPV
PRC
peak particle velocity
Public Resources Code
RCNM Roadway Construction Noise Model
TeNS Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement
TS Transportation Study
TNM
TPA
Traffic Noise Model
Transit Priority Area

20701 Currier Road Project ES-1 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Noise and Vibration Technical Report (Technical Report) assesses the proposed expansion of the existing Sysco Warehouse, which is an approximately 12.32-acre property (536,535 square feet (sf), located at 20701 Currier Avenue in the City of Industry. The Project Site is currently developed with an existing warehouse building in the center of the Project Site with surface parking to the south and to the east of the Project Site. Truck and trailer loading docks and parking are located to the northwest, north, and east of the Project Site. The Project Site is bound by Currier Road to the south, South Lemon Avenue to both the west and north, and El Paso High School to the west.

The Project is proposing a 109,423 square-foot building expansion to the existing facility for the purpose of expanding the quantity of products and number of product lines that are carried by the facility. Approximately 91 percent of the proposed building expansion will be used for food storage and/or docks, and approximately 1,600 square feet will be used for offices, restrooms, and breakrooms. The proposed Project is anticipated to have an opening year of 2027.

In accordance with the requirements under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), this Technical Report provides an estimate of noise and vibration levels of the Project’s construction and operational activities. The analysis describes the existing noise environment in the vicinity of the Project Site, estimates future noise and vibration levels at surrounding land uses resulting from construction and operation of the Project, and identifies the potential for significant noise impacts based on applicable standards and noise and vibration thresholds of significance. Noise worksheets and technical data used in this analysis are provided in Appendices A through E of this Technical Report. The findings of the analyses are as follows:
• Construction activities would exceed the local ambient noise levels by over 5 dBA at the nearest sensitive receiver. t. Therefore, the approach to construction of the Project includes adherence to Mitigation Measure NOI-1 and NOI-2 to control noise which would ensure that construction noise levels are reduced to below the ambient noise-based thresholds (ambient noise level + 5 dBA) at off-site sensitive receivers. With implementation of Mitigation Measure NOI-1 and NOI-2, implementing the use of temporary noise barriers and noise limiting construction equipment and best practices, noise impacts related to on-site construction activities would be less than significant with mitigation at noise sensitive receiver locations.
• Construction activities would generate vibration from the use of heavy equipment and haul trucks. The Project would incorporate general industry standard best practices to minimize vibration impacts resulting from heavy duty construction equipment. Project construction activities would not exceed applicable significance thresholds, and construction vibration impacts would be less than significant.

Executive Summary
20701 Currier Road Project ES-2 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 • The addition of haul truck trips to roadways during construction would result in a less than 3 dBA barely perceptible noise level increase over the ambient condition. In addition, construction activities would occur only during daytime hours within the allowable hours specified in the County’s Municipal Code. Therefore, noise impacts from off-site construction traffic would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required.
• The Project would comply with the City’s/County’s noise standards and noise impacts on existing offsite development from on-site operational stationary noise sources and traffic would not exceed established thresholds of significance. Operational related noise impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required. • Operation of the Project would not result in vibration levels that would affect nearby sensitive receivers. Thus, operational vibration impacts would be less than significant and no mitigation measures would be required.

20701 Currier Road Project 1 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 SECTION 1
Introduction
The objectives of the analyses conducted for this Technical Report are to:
a. Quantify the existing ambient noise environment at the Project Site; b. Evaluate construction and operational noise and vibration in order to determine whether sensitive receivers (i.e., residential uses) in the Project vicinity would be subject to significant impacts based on applicable City standards and thresholds; c. Provide, if needed, noise mitigation measures to meet applicable noise regulations and standards as specified by the City of Industry.

1.1 Project Location and Existing Conditions
The Project Site is located on one Assessor Parcel Numbers (APN): 8760-023-023. The Project Site is bound by South Lemon Avenue to both the west and to the north, Currier Road to the south. Surrounding land uses include industrial uses to the north, east, and south of the Project Site. To the west/southwest of the Project Site includes the nearest sensitive receiver to the Project which would include the Del Paso High School.. The Project site is currently developed with the existing Sysco warehouse with onsite parking for workers, and loading docks and parking spaces for trailers and trucks.

Local access is provided to the Project Site via Currier Avenue, and South Lemon Avenue.

Regional access to the Project Site is provided by State Route 60 (SR-60), which runs east-west and is located to the south of the Project Site. The Project Site is located in an urbanized area and is surrounded by industrial uses.

The Project Site is shown in Figure 1, Regional Location.

Path: U:\GIS\GIS\Projects\2022xxx\D202200358_Sysco_Food_Service_City_Industry_Facility_Expansion\03_MXDs_Projects\Noise.aprx  Fig 1 - Regional Location,  sgeissler  6/13/2024 SOURCE: ESA, 2024 Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion Project Figure 1
Regional Location
N
0 2.5
Miles
Project
Site
NEVADA
Fresno
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Las Vegas
San Diego
Sacramento
Area of
Detail

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 3 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

1.2 Project Description
The Project is proposing a 109,423 square-foot building expansion to the existing facility for the purpose of expanding the quantity of products and number of product lines that are carried by the facility. Approximately 91 percent of the proposed building expansion will be used for food storage and/or docks, and approximately 1,600 square feet will be used for offices, restrooms, and breakrooms. The proposed Project is anticipated to have an opening year of 2027.

The Project would expand the existing project site with an additional 2.5-acre (109,023 square feet (sf) of warehouse use. This project includes the expansion of the Sysco Los Angeles Operating Company freezer warehouse (41,207 sf), dry warehouse (26,422 sf), cold dock (24,535 sf), dry dock (6,987 sf), battery charging (4,145 sf), fleet shop (1,450 sf), and a new truck entrance off Currier Road. This project also includes a complete Refrigeration Replacement System (CO2 Cascade or Ammonia) to replace the existing R22 system and to accommodate the expanded freezer and cold dock spaces.

1.3 Noise and Vibration Descriptors

1.3.1 Noise
Noise Principals and Descriptors
Sound can be described as the mechanical energy of a vibrating object transmitted by pressure waves through a liquid or gaseous medium (e.g., air). Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound (i.e., loud, unexpected, or annoying sound). Acoustics is defined as the physics of sound. In acoustics, the fundamental scientific model consists of a sound (or noise) source, a receiver, and the propagation path between the two. The loudness of the noise source and obstructions or atmospheric factors affecting the propagation path to the receiver determines the sound level and

Southern Pacific RR
S Lemon Ave
Paseo del Prado
Currier Rd
Fuero Dr
S Lemon Ave
Valley Blvd
Valley Blvd
Carrey Rd
Ron Hockwalt
High School
(RHHS)
Diamond Bar Creek
Business Pkwy
Currier Rd
Union Pacific RR
Path: U:\GIS\GIS\Projects\2022xxx\D202200358_Sysco_Food_Service_City_Industry_Facility_Expansion\03_MXDs_Projects\Noise.aprx Fig 2 - Aerial Photograph with Surrounding Land Uses, MCScott 7/16/2024 SOURCE: ESA, 2024 Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion Project Figure 2
Aerial Photograph
with Surrounding Land Uses
N
0 500
Feet
Project Site
Sensitive Land Use

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 5 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 characteristics of the noise perceived by the receiver. Acoustics addresses primarily the propagation and control of sound. Sound, traveling in the form of waves from a source, exerts a sound pressure level (referred to as sound level) that is measured in decibels (dB), which is the standard unit of sound amplitude measurement. The dB scale is a logarithmic scale that describes the physical intensity of the pressure vibrations that make up any sound, with 0 dB corresponding roughly to the threshold of human hearing and 120 to 140 dB corresponding to the threshold of feeling and pain, respectively. Pressure waves traveling through air exert a force registered by the human ear as sound.

Sound pressure fluctuations can be measured in units of hertz (Hz), which correspond to the frequency of a particular sound. Typically, sound does not consist of a single frequency, but rather a broad band of frequencies varying in levels of magnitude, with audible frequencies of the sound spectrum ranging from 20 to 20,000 Hz. The typical human ear is not equally sensitive to this frequency range. As a consequence, when assessing potential noise impacts, sound is measured using an electronic filter that deemphasizes the frequencies below 1,000 Hz and above 5,000 Hz in a manner corresponding to the human ear’s decreased sensitivity to these extremely low and extremely high frequencies. This method of frequency filtering or weighting is referred to as A-weighting, expressed in units of A-weighted decibels (dBA), which is typically applied to community noise measurements. Some representative common outdoor and indoor noise sources and their corresponding A-weighted noise levels are shown in Figure 3, Decibel Scale and Common Noise Sources.

Noise Exposure and Community Noise
An individual’s noise exposure is a measure of noise over a period of time; a noise level is a measure of noise at a given instant in time, as presented in Figure 3. However, noise levels rarely persist at that level over a long period of time. Rather, community noise varies continuously over a period of time with respect to the sound sources contributing to the community noise environment. Community noise is primarily the product of many distant noise sources, which constitute a relatively stable background noise exposure, with many of the individual contributors unidentifiable. The background noise level changes throughout a typical day, but does so gradually, corresponding with the addition and subtraction of distant noise sources, such as changes in traffic volume. What makes community noise variable throughout a day, besides the slowly changing background noise, is the addition of short-duration, single-event noise sources (e.g., aircraft flyovers, motor vehicles, sirens), which are readily identifiable to the individual.

These successive additions of sound to the community noise environment change the community noise level from instant to instant, requiring the noise exposure to be measured over periods of time to characterize an existing community noise environment.

The following noise descriptors are used to characterize environmental noise levels over time, which are applicable to the Project.

Leq: The equivalent sound level over a specified period of time, typically, 1 hour (Leq). The Leq may also be referred to as the average sound level.

Lmax: The maximum, instantaneous noise level experienced during a given period of time.

Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion Project
Figure 3
Decibel Scale and Common Noise Sources
D202200358.00 - Sysco Food Service City of Industry Facility Expansion\05 Graphics-GIS-Modeling-USE AZURE SOURCE: State of California, Department of Transportation (Caltrans), Technical Noise Supplement (TeNS). October 1998. Available:
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/env/noise/pub/Technical Noise Supplement.pdf 110
100
90 80
70 60
50 40
30 20
10 0
Rock Band
Inside Subway Train (New York)
Food Blender at 3 Ft.

Garbage Disposal at 3 Ft.

Shouting at 3 Ft.

Vacuum Cleaner at 10 Ft.

Large Business Office
Concert Hall (Background)
Broadcast and Recording Studio
Threshold of Hearing
Jet Flyover at 1000 Ft.

COMMON INDOOR

NOISE LEVELS

COMMON OUTDOOR

NOISE LEVELS
NOISE
LEVEL
(dBA, Leq)
Gas Lawn Mower at 3 Ft.

Diesel Truck at 50 Ft.

Noisy Urban Daytime
Gas Lawn Mower at 100 Ft.

Commercial Area
Heavy Traffic at 300 Ft.

Quiet Urban Nighttime
Quiet Suburban Nighttime
Quiet Rural Nighttime
Small Theater, Large
Conference Room (Background)
Library
Dishwasher Next Room Quiet Urban Daytime

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 7 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 Lmin: The minimum, instantaneous noise level experienced during a given period of time.

Lx: The noise level exceeded a percentage of a specified time period. For instance, L50 and L90 represent the noise levels that are exceeded 50 percent and 90 percent of the time, respectively.

Ldn: The average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day, obtained after an addition of 10 dB to measured noise levels between the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account nighttime noise sensitivity. The Ldn is also termed the day-night average noise level (DNL).

CNEL: The Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) is the average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day that includes an addition of 5 dB to measured noise levels between the hours of 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. and an addition of 10 dB to noise levels between the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. to account for noise sensitivity in the evening and nighttime, respectively.

Effects of Noise on People
Noise is generally loud, unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired sound that is typically associated with human activity that is a nuisance or disruptive. The effects of noise on people can be placed into four general categories:
• Subjective effects (e.g., dissatisfaction, annoyance) • Interference effects (e.g., communication, sleep, and learning interference) • Physiological effects (e.g., startle response)
• Physical effects (e.g., hearing loss)
Although exposure to high noise levels has been demonstrated to cause physical and physiological effects, the principal human responses to typical environmental noise exposure are related to subjective effects and interference with activities. Interference effects interrupt daily activities and include interference with human communication activities, such as normal conversations, watching television, telephone conversations, and interference with sleep. Sleep interference effects can include both awakening and arousal to a lesser state of sleep.1 With regard to the subjective effects, the responses of individuals to similar noise events are diverse and influenced by many factors, including the type of noise, the perceived importance of the noise, the appropriateness of the noise to the setting, the duration of the noise, the time of day and the type of activity during which the noise occurs, and individual noise sensitivity. Overall, there is no completely satisfactory way to measure the subjective effects of noise, or the corresponding reactions of annoyance and dissatisfaction on people. A wide variation in individual thresholds of annoyance exists, and different tolerances to noise tend to develop based on an individual’s past experiences with noise. Thus, an important way of predicting a human reaction to a new noise environment is the way it compares to the existing environment to which 1 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.2.1, September 2013. https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tens-sep2013-a11y.pdf.

Accessed September 2022.

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 8 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 one has adapted (i.e., comparison to the ambient noise environment). In general, the more a new noise level exceeds the previously existing ambient noise level, the less acceptable the new noise level will be judged by those hearing it. With regard to increases in A-weighted noise level, the following relationships generally occur:2
• Except in carefully controlled laboratory experiments, a change of 1 dBA in ambient noise levels cannot be perceived;
• Outside of the laboratory, a 3 dBA change in ambient noise levels is considered to be a barely perceivable difference;
• A change in ambient noise levels of 5 dBA is considered to be a readily perceivable difference; and
• A change in ambient noise levels of 10 dBA is subjectively heard as doubling of the perceived loudness.

These relationships occur in part because of the logarithmic nature of sound and the decibel scale.

The human ear perceives sound in a non-linear fashion; therefore, the dBA scale was developed.

Because the dBA scale is based on logarithms, two noise sources do not combine in a simple additive fashion, but rather logarithmically. Under the dBA scale, a doubling of sound energy corresponds to a 3 dBA increase. In other words, when two sources are each producing sound of the same loudness, the resulting sound level at a given distance would be approximately 3 dBA higher than one of the sources under the same conditions. For example, if two identical noise sources produce noise levels of 50 dBA, the combined sound level would be 53 dBA, not 100 dBA. Under the dB scale, three sources of equal loudness together produce a sound level of approximately 5 dBA louder than one source, and ten sources of equal loudness together produce a sound level of approximately 10 dBA louder than the single source.3 Noise Attenuation
When noise propagates over a distance, the noise level reduces with distance at a rate that depends on the type of noise source and the propagation path. Noise from a localized source (i.e., point source) propagates uniformly outward in a spherical pattern, referred to as “spherical spreading.” Stationary point sources of noise, including stationary mobile sources such as idling vehicles, attenuate (i.e., reduce) at a rate between 6 dBA for acoustically “hard” sites and 7.5 dBA for “soft” sites for each doubling of distance from the reference measurement, as their energy is continuously spread out over a spherical surface (e.g., for hard surfaces, 80 dBA at 50 feet attenuates to 74 at 100 feet, 68 dBA at 200 feet, etc.).4 Hard sites are those with a reflective surface between the source and the receiver, such as asphalt or concrete surfaces or smooth bodies of water.5 No excess ground attenuation is assumed for hard sites and the reduction in noise levels with distance (drop-off rate) is simply the geometric spreading of the noise from the source.6 Soft sites have an absorptive ground surface, such as soft dirt, grass, or scattered 2 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.2.1, September 2013. 3 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.2.1.1, September 2013. 4 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.2, September 2013. 5 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.2, September 2013. 6 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.2, September 2013.

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 9 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 bushes and trees, which in addition to geometric spreading, provides an excess ground attenuation value of 1.5 dBA (per doubling distance).7
Roadways and highways consist of several localized noise sources on a defined path, and hence are treated as “line” sources, which approximate the effect of several point sources.8 Noise from a line source propagates over a cylindrical surface, often referred to as “cylindrical spreading.”9 Line sources (e.g., traffic noise from vehicles) attenuate at a rate between 3 dBA for hard sites and 4.5 dBA for soft sites for each doubling of distance from the reference measurement.10 Therefore, noise due to a line source attenuates less with distance than that of a point source with increased distance.

Additionally, receivers located downwind from a noise source can be exposed to increased noise levels relative to calm conditions, whereas locations upwind can have lowered noise levels.11 Atmospheric temperature inversion (i.e., increasing temperature with elevation) can increase sound levels at long distances (e.g., more than 500 feet). Other factors such as air temperature, humidity, and turbulence can also have significant effects on noise levels.12

1.3.2 Vibration
Vibration can be interpreted as energy transmitted in waves through the ground or man-made structures, which generally dissipate with distance from the vibration source. Because energy is lost during the transfer of energy from one particle to another, vibration becomes less perceptible with increasing distance from the source.

As discussed in the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans) Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, operation of construction equipment generates ground vibration.13 Maintenance operations and traffic traveling on roadways can also be a source of such vibration.14 If the amplitudes are high enough, ground vibration has the potential to damage structures, cause cosmetic damage or disrupt the operation of vibration-sensitive equipment such as electron microscopes and advanced technology production and research equipment.15 Groundborne vibration and ground-borne noise can also be a source of annoyance to individuals who live or work close to vibration-generating activities.16 Traffic, including heavy trucks traveling on a highway, rarely generates vibration amplitudes high enough to cause structural or cosmetic 7 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.2, September 2013. 8 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.1, September 2013. 9 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.1, September 2013. 10 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.1, September 2013. 11 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.3, September 2013. 12 California Department of Transportation, Technical Noise Supplement, Section 2.1.4.3, September 2013. 13 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tcvgm-apr2020-a11y.pdf.

Accessed September 2022.
14 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020,

15 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020,

16 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020,

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 10 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 damage.17 However, there have been cases in which heavy trucks traveling over potholes or other discontinuities in the pavement have caused vibration high enough to result in complaints from nearby residents.18
In describing vibration in the ground and in structures, the motion of a particle (i.e., a point in or on the ground or structure) is used. The concepts of particle displacement, velocity, and acceleration are used to describe how the ground or structure responds to excitation. Although displacement is generally easier to understand than velocity or acceleration, it is rarely used to describe ground and structure-borne vibration because most transducers used to measure vibration directly measure velocity or acceleration, not displacement. Accordingly, vibratory motion is commonly described by identifying the peak particle velocity (PPV).19 Caltrans has identified used by governmental agencies, including the Federal Transit Administration and reported by various researchers and organizations, that can be used as screening tools for assessing the potential for adverse vibration effects related to structural damage and human perception.20 The Caltrans Manual is meant to provide practical guidance to Caltrans engineers, planners, and consultants who must address vibration issues associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of Caltrans projects.21 Structural damage can potentially result from vibration events that generate vibration levels of 0.2-inch per second PPV at fragile buildings,

0.5-inch per second PPV at older residential buildings or historic buildings, and 2.0-inch per second PPV at modern industrial or commercial buildings.22 Vibration events that generate a vibration level of 0.04-inch per second PPV is considered barely perceptible by a human.23 Ground-borne noise specifically refers to the rumbling noise emanating from the motion of building room surfaces due to vibration of floors and walls; it is perceptible only inside buildings.24 The relationship between ground-borne vibration and ground-borne noise depends on the frequency content of the vibration and the acoustical absorption characteristics of the receiving room. For typical buildings, ground-borne vibration that causes low frequency noise (i.e., the vibration spectrum peak is near 30 Hz) results in a ground-borne noise level that is approximately 40 dB lower than the velocity level. For ground-borne vibration that causes midfrequency noise (i.e., the vibration spectrum peak is near 60 Hz), the ground-borne noise level 17 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020,

18 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020,

19 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020,

20 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, pages 21-25, 38.
21 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, page 1.
22 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, page 38.
23 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, page 38.
24 Federal Transit Administration (FTA), Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018, Page 109, https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/118131/transit-noise-and-vibrationimpact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf. Accessed September 2022.

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 11 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 will be approximately 25 dB lower than the velocity level.25 Therefore, for typical buildings, the ground-borne noise dB level is lower than the ground-borne vibration velocity level.

In general, manmade earth-borne vibrations attenuate rapidly with distance from the source. For instance, vibration of truck pass by is characterized by peaks that are considerably higher than those generated by automobiles.26 These peaks last no more than a few seconds and often only a fraction of a second, including a rapid drop-off with distance.27 Truck vibration levels at 50 feet from the centerline of the nearest lane would be about half of vibration levels measured at 15 feet from the centerline of the near lane.28 At 100 feet, vibration levels from trucks are about one fourth, at 200 feet about one tenth, and at 300 feet less than one twentieth.29 Because vibration drops off rapidly with distance, there is rarely a cumulative increase in ground-borne vibration from the presence of multiple trucks.30

1.4 Existing Noise Conditions

1.4.1 Ambient Noise Levels at Sensitive Receiver Locations The predominant existing noise source surrounding the Project Site is traffic noise from South Lemon Avenue, and Currier Road. Secondary noise sources include general industrial/commercial-related activities, such as loading dock/delivery truck activities, trash compaction, and refuse service activities, from the industrial-commercial land uses to the north, east, and southwest of the Project Site. Periodic noise also occurs from institutional activities, including lawnmowing and landscaping activities, from schools to the west of the Project Site.

Ambient noise measurements were taken at a single location, representing the nearest sensitive land uses in the vicinity of the Project Site to establish conservative ambient noise levels. Some land uses are considered more sensitive to noise than others due to the types of activities typically involved at the receiverr locations and the effect that noise can have on those activities and the persons engaged in them. Noise sensitive receivers are defined as those specific land uses that have associated indoor and/or outdoor human activities that may be subject to stress and/or significant interference from noise produced by community sound sources. Typically, residences, hospitals and schools are considered noise sensitive, as their land uses of sleeping, recuperation, and concentration, can be adversely affected by noise.
25 FTA, Noise and Vibration Manual, 2018, Page 119.
26 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, Appendix A, page 13.
27 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, Appendix A, page 13.
28 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, Appendix A, page 13.
29 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, page 10.
30 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, Appendix A, page 13.

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 12 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 The measurement location, along with existing development, are shown on Figure 4, Noise Measurements and Existing Noise Sensitive Locations. Short-term (15-minute) noise measurements were taken at locations R1 on May 23, 2023.

The ambient noise measurements were conducted using the Larson-Davis 820 Precision Integrated Sound Level Meter (“SLM”). The Larson-Davis 820 SLM is a Type 1 standard instrument as defined in the American National Standard Institute S1.4. All instruments were calibrated and operated according to the applicable manufacturer specification. The microphone was placed at a height of 5 feet above the local grade, at the following locations as shown in Figure 4:
• Sensitive Receiver R1: This location represents existing school(s) to the west/southwest of the Project site, east of South Lemon Avenue, adjacent to the Project boundary.

All other noise-sensitive uses are located at greater distances from the Project Site and would experience lower noise levels from potential sources of noise on the Project Site. Therefore, noise levels at additional sensitive receivers beyond those identified above are not evaluated.

A summary of noise measurement data is provided in Table 1, Summary of Ambient Noise Measurements.

TABLE 1

SUMMARY OF AMBIENT NOISE MEASUREMENTS
Location, Duration, Existing Land Uses and,
Date of Measurements
Measured Ambient Noise Levels (dBA) a
Leq Lmax Lmin
R1, Institutional uses along South Lemon Avenue
west/southwest of the Project Site 52.9 60.4 51.4
a Detailed measured noise data is included in Exhibit A.

SOURCE: ESA, 2024.

Southern Pacific RR
S Lemon Ave
Paseo del Prado
Paseo Tesoro
Currier Rd
S Lemon Ave
Valley Blvd
Valley Blvd
Ron Hockwalt
High School
(RHHS)
Business Pkwy
Currier Rd
Proposed
Truck
Bay
Removal
Existing
Solar
Panels
R1
Path: U:\GIS\GIS\Projects\2022xxx\D202200358_Sysco_Food_Service_City_Industry_Facility_Expansion\03_MXDs_Projects\Noise.aprx Fig 4 - Noise Measurement and Existing Noise Sensitive Locations, MCScott 7/16/2024 SOURCE: ESA, 2024 Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion Project Figure 4
Noise Measurement and
Existing Noise Sensitive Locations
N
0 400
Feet
Project Site
Noise Measurement Location
Sensitive Land Use

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 14 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

1.4.4 Vibration-Sensitive Receiver Locations
The FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment provides vibration structure damage criteria for: (1) reinforced-concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster); (2) engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster); (3) non-engineered timber and masonry buildings; (3) and buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage.31
The FTA’s document also provides vibration human annoyance criteria. Nearby sensitive uses in the Project vicinity include school(s) on the east side of South Lemon Avenue (R1) that are adjacent to the Project Site boundary but at least 500 feet away from the Project Site proposed construction activities. The nearest off-site non-residential buildings to the Project Site that could be subjected to Project-related vibration structural damage and human annoyance impacts include the commercial building to the east (30 feet).
31 FTA, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. September, 2018.

1. Introduction
20701 Currier Road Project 15 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

1.5 Existing Ground-borne Vibration Levels
Aside from periodic construction work occurring throughout the City, field observations noted that other sources of ground-borne vibration in the Project Site vicinity are limited to heavy-duty vehicular travel (trucks or buses, etc.) on local roadways. Rubber-tired vehicles traveling at a distance of 50 feet typically generates ground-borne vibration velocity levels of approximately

0.006 inches per second PPV (approximately 63 VdB).32 As stated earlier, ground-borne noise impacts would generally be 25 to 40 dB lower than the velocity level depending on the frequency level of the source.33
32 FTA, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Figure 6-4, September 2018. 33 California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020, page 38.

20701 Currier Road Project 16 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 SECTION 2
Regulatory Framework

2.1 Federal

2.1.1 Federal Noise Standards
Under the authority of the Noise Control Act of 1972, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) established noise emission criteria and testing methods published in Parts 201 through 205 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) that apply to some transportation equipment (e.g., interstate rail carriers, medium trucks, and heavy trucks) and construction equipment. In 1974, the USEPA issued guidance levels for the protection of public health and welfare in residential land use areas of an outdoor Ldn of 55 dBA and an indoor Ldn of 45 dBA. These guidance levels are not considered as standards or regulations and were developed without consideration of technical or economic feasibility.34 There are no federal noise standards that directly regulate environmental noise related to the construction or operation of the Project.

2.1.2 Federal Vibration Standards
There are no federal vibration standards or regulations adopted by an agency that are applicable to evaluating vibration impacts from land use development projects such as the Project. However, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) has adopted vibration criteria. The vibration damage criteria adopted by the FTA are shown in Table 2, Construction Vibration Damage Criteria.

TABLE 2

CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION DAMAGE CRITERIA
Building Category PPV (inch/sec) Approximate LV
a
Reinforced-concrete, steel or timber (no plaster) 0.50 102 Engineered concrete and masonry (no plaster) 0.30 98
Non-engineered timber and masonry buildings 0.20 94
Buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage 0.12 90 SOURCE: Federal Transit Administration. Table 12-3, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (2018).

NOTES:

PPV = peak particle velocity; LV = velocity in decibels; inch/sec = inches per second a Root-mean-square velocity in decibels (VdB) re 1 microinch per second. 34 United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Identifies Noise Levels Affecting Health and Welfare. April 1974.

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 The FTA has also provided standards associated with human annoyance for groundborne vibration impacts for the following three land-use categories: Vibration Category 1 – High Sensitivity, Vibration Category 2 – Residential, and Vibration Category 3 – Institutional. The FTA defines Category 1 as buildings where vibration would interfere with operations within the building, including vibration-sensitive research and manufacturing facilities, hospitals with vibration-sensitive equipment, and university research operations. Vibration-sensitive equipment includes, but is not limited to, electron microscopes, high-resolution lithographic equipment, and normal optical microscopes. Category 2 refers to all residential land uses and any buildings where people sleep, such as hotels and hospitals. Category 3 refers to institutional land uses such as schools, churches, other institutions, and quiet offices that do not have vibration-sensitive equipment but still have the potential for activity interference. The vibration thresholds associated with human annoyance for these three land-use categories are shown in Table 3, Groundborne Vibration Impact Criteria for General Assessment. No thresholds have been adopted or recommended for commercial and office uses.

TABLE 3

GROUNDBORNE VIBRATION IMPACT CRITERIA FOR GENERAL ASSESSMENT Land Use Category
Frequent
Eventsa
Occasional
Eventsb
Infrequent
Eventsc
Category 1: Buildings where vibration would interfere with interior operations. 65 VdBd 65 VdBd 65 VdBd Category 2: Residences and buildings where people normally sleep. 72 VdB 75 VdB 80 VdB Category 3: Institutional land uses with primarily daytime use. 75 VdB 78 VdB 83 VdB a “Frequent Events” is defined as more than 70 vibration events of the same source per day. b “Occasional Events” is defined as between 30 and 70 vibration events of the same source per day. c “Infrequent Events” is defined as fewer than 30 vibration events of the same kind per day. d This criterion is based on levels that are acceptable for most moderately sensitive equipment such as optical microscopes.

SOURCE: FTA, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, 2018.

2.2 State of California

2.2.1 California Noise Standards
The State of California has established noise insulation standards for new multi-family residential units, hotels, and motels that would be subject to relatively high levels of transportation-related noise. These requirements are collectively known as the California Noise Insulation Standards (Title 24, California Code of Regulations). The noise insulation standards set forth an interior standard of 45 dBA CNEL in any habitable room. The standards require an acoustical analysis demonstrating that dwelling units have been designed to meet this interior standard where such units are proposed in areas subject to exterior noise levels greater than 60 dBA CNEL. Title 24 standards are typically enforced by local jurisdictions through the building permit application process.

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2.2.2 Caltrans Ground-borne Vibration and Noise Guidelines The Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Manual provides thresholds of vibration impact for structure and human annoyance. Table 4, Caltrans Vibration Annoyance Potential Criteria, and Table 5, Guideline Vibration Damage Potential Threshold Criteria, include the vibration impact criteria for human annoyance and for structure damage.

TABLE 4

CALTRANS VIBRATION ANNOYANCE POTENTIAL CRITERIA
Structure and Condition
Maximum PPV (in/sec)
Transient Sources
Continuous/
Frequent Intermittent Sources
Barely perceptible 0.04 0.01
Distinctly perceptible 0.25 0.04
Strongly perceptible 0.9 0.1
Severe 2.0 0.4
NOTE: Transient sources create a single isolated vibration event, such as blasting or drop balls. Continuous/frequent intermittent sources include impact pile drivers, pogo-stick compactors, crack and-seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment.

SOURCE: Caltrans, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, April 2020.

TABLE 5

GUIDELINE VIBRATION DAMAGE POTENTIAL THRESHOLD CRITERIA Structure and Condition
Maximum PPV (inch/sec)
Transient
Sourcesa
Continuous/
Frequent Intermittent Sourcesb
Extremely fragile historic buildings, ruins, ancient monuments 0.12 0.08 Fragile buildings 0.20 0.10
Historic and some old buildings 0.50 0.25
Older residential structures 0.50 0.30
New residential structures 1.00 0.50
Modern industrial/commercial buildings 2.00 0.50
SOURCE: California Department of Transportation, Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual (2020), Table 19.

NOTES:

PPV = peak particle velocity; inch/sec = inches per second a Transient sources create a single, isolated vibration event, such as blasting or drop balls. b Continuous/frequent intermittent sources include impact pile drivers, pogo-stick compactors, crack-and-seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment.

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2.3 City of Industry

2.3.1 Noise Standard
The Safety Element of the City of Industry General Plan (Chapter 4, Section 4.2.6 Noise and Land Use Compatibility) contains land use compatibility guidelines for environmental noise in the communities. Table 6, below, summarizes these guidelines for various land uses in terms of CNEL. The definitions of each category follow below the table.

Table 6, Noise and Land Use Compatibility Matrix – California, illustrates land use compatibility with regard to noise. These standards and criteria will be incorporated into the land use planning process to reduce future noise and land use incompatibilities. This table is the primary tool that allows the City of Industry to ensure integrated planning for compatibility between land uses and outdoor noise. Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) for specific land uses are classified into four categories: (1) “Clearly Compatible” (2) “Compatible with Mitigation” (3) “Normally Incompatible” and (4) “Clearly Incompatible”. A CNEL value of 70 dBA is considered the dividing line between a “conditionally acceptable” and “normally unacceptable” noise environment for noise sensitive land uses, including residences, transient lodgings, schools, and library.

TABLE 6

NOISE AND LAND USE COMPATIBILITY MATRIX - CALIFORNIA
Land Use
Community Noise Exposure CNEL (dBA)
Normally
Acceptablea
Conditionally
Acceptableb
Normally
Unacceptablec
Clearly
Unacceptabled
Residential – Low density, Single-Family, Duplex,
Mobile Homes
50 – 60 55 – 70 70 – 75 75 – 85
Residential – Multiple Family 50 – 65 60 – 70 70 – 75 70 – 85 Transient Lodging – Motel, Hotels 50 – 65 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 – 85 Schools, Libraries, Churches, Hospitals, Nursing
Homes
50 – 70 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 – 85
Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Amphitheaters NA 50 – 70 NA 65 – 85 Sports Arenas, Outdoor Spectator Sports NA 50 – 75 NA 70 – 85 Playgrounds, Neighborhood Parks 50 – 70 NA 67.5 – 75 72.5 – 85 Golf Courses, Riding Stables, Water Recreation,
Cemeteries
50 – 70 NA 70 – 80 80 – 85
Office Buildings, Business Commercial and
Professional
50 – 70 67.5 – 77.5 75 – 85 NA
Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities, Agriculture 50 – 75 70 – 80 75 – 85 NA

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 Land Use
Community Noise Exposure CNEL (dBA)
Normally
Acceptablea
Conditionally
Acceptableb
Normally
Unacceptablec
Clearly
Unacceptabled
a Normally Acceptable – Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction, without any special noise insulation requirements. b Conditionally Acceptable – New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning, will normally suffice. c Normally Unacceptable – New construction or development should be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. d Clearly Unacceptable – New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.

NA: Not Applicable
SOURCE: Office of Planning and Research, State of California General Plan Guidelines, October 2003.

2.3.2 General Plan Noise Element
The City’s General Plan Noise Element includes Goal S6 and its policies, pertaining stationary and operational noise to noise sources, as follows:

Goal S6 An environment where noise does not adversely affect sensitive land uses.:
• Coordinate with Cal trans, San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments, Southern California Association of Governments, neighboring jurisdictions, and other transportation providers in the preparation and maintenance of transportation and land use plans to minimize noise impacts and provide appropriate mitigation measures.
• Address noise impacts through the effective enforcement of the noise ordinance, project and environmental review, and compliance with state and federal noise standards.
• Consider the noise levels likely to be produced by any new businesses or substantially expanded business activities locating near existing noise-sensitive uses such as schools, community facilities, and residences, as well as adjacent to established businesses involving vibration-sensitive activities.

2.3.3 Groundborne Vibration and Groundborne Noise
The City of Industry does not address vibration either in their municipal code or in the Noise Element of the General Plan. Instead, the Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Manual (2020) and the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (2018) guidance documents provide screening level thresholds for vibration impacts for potential building structural damage and human annoyance.

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 SECTION 3
Thresholds of Significance
In accordance with the State CEQA Guidelines Appendix G, the Project would have a significant impact related to noise and vibration if it would result in:
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies. b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels. c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels.

The Project Site is not located within an airport land use plan area or within two miles of a public airport or public use airport. The Project Site is not located within the vicinity of a private airstrip, or heliport or helistop. The nearest airport and airfield in proximity to the Project Site include Brackett Field Airport approximately 6.6 miles to the northeast. Therefore, construction or operation of the Project would not expose people to excessive airport related noise levels. No impact would occur in this regard, and these issues are not assessed in further details in the report.

In assessing the Project’s potential impacts related to noise and groundborne vibration and groundborne noise in this section, the following noise standards and criteria are used to evaluate potential noise and vibration impacts of the Project based on the regulatory framework described above.

3.1 Noise Levels

3.1.1 Construction
The City of Industry has not adopted numerical construction noise limits nor allowable hours for construction in its municipal code or general plan. Therefore, a significant impact would occur if construction noise levels would result in a 5 dBA Leq increase over ambient.

3.1.2 Operation
The following criteria are applied to the Project’s operational noise. The Project would have a significant impact from operations if:

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 • For Project-related traffic noise, the Project causes the ambient noise levels measured at the property line of affected uses to increase by 3 dBA CNEL to or within the “normally unacceptable” or “clearly unacceptable” categories; or the Project causes the ambient noise levels measured at the property line of affected uses to increase by 5 dBA CNEL or more within the “normally acceptable” or “conditionally acceptable” categories. • For Project-related operational on-site (i.e., non-roadway) noise sources such as outdoor building mechanical/electrical equipment or parking facilities increase the ambient noise level (Leq) at noise sensitive uses by 5 dBA Leq.

In summary, for operational noise, the criterion for off-site operational noise is an increase in the ambient noise level of 3 dBA or 5 dBA CNEL, depending on the existing noise conditions at the affected noise-sensitive land use category. On-site operational noise is an increase in the ambient noise level of 5 dBA Leq at an adjacent property line to a sensitive receiver.35

3.2 Groundborne Vibration and Groundborne Noise
The City of Industry has not adopted criteria to assess vibration impacts in its respective municipal codes. Thus, for this Project, the FTA’s and Caltrans’ criteria for structural damage and for human annoyance, as described in Table 2, Table 3, and Tables 4, respectively, above, are used to evaluate potential impacts related to Project construction and operation. • Building Damage - Project construction or operational activities cause ground-borne vibration levels to exceed 0.2 inch-per-second PPV (see Table 4, for fragile buildings exposed to transient vibration sources) at the nearest buildings; or • Human Perception – For residential uses, Project construction or operational activities cause ground-borne vibration levels to exceed 72 VdB for frequent events (more than 70 events per day); 75 VdB for occasional events (30 to 70 events per day); or 80 VdB for infrequent events (fewer than 30 events per day) at the nearest residential buildings where people normally sleep.
35 Since the noise levels are measured at exterior locations at property lines, the noise levels inside buildings would be less than the values used for determining impacts. With windows closed, the minimum exterior-to-interior noise attenuation for typical structures in California is approximately 25 to 30 dBA or potentially more with improved noise abatement materials or techniques. See: Gordon, C.G., W.J. Galloway, B.A. Kugler, and D.L. Nelson.

NCHRP Report 117: Highway Noise: A Design Guide for Highway Engineers. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1971.

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 SECTION 4
Methodology

4.1 On-Site Construction Noise
On-site construction noise impacts were projected by determining the noise levels expected to be generated by the different types of construction activities anticipated, calculating the construction-related noise levels produced by the construction equipment assumed at sensitive receivers. More, specifically, the following steps were undertaken to assess construction-period noise impacts.

1. Ambient noise levels at surrounding sensitive receiver locations were estimated based on field measurement data (see Table 1);

2. Typical reference noise levels for each type of construction equipment expected to be used based on information provided by the Applicant were obtained from the FHWA roadway construction noise model (RCNM);

3. Distances between construction site locations (noise sources) within the Project Site and surrounding sensitive receivers were measured using Project architectural drawing, aerial imagery using Google Earth, and site plans;

4. The construction noise levels were then calculated for each construction phase using the FHWA RCNM, conservatively, in terms of hourly Leq, for sensitive receiverr locations based on the standard point source noise-distance attenuation factor of 6.0 dBA for each doubling of distance, assuming that all of the equipment for each construction phase would be in use concurrently and that the loudest equipment would be located at the edge of the Project Site closest to the sensitive receiver locations;

5. Project construction noise levels and activities were then compared to the construction noise significance thresholds identified above in Section 3, Thresholds of Significance.

4.2 Stationary Point-Source Noise (Operations)
Stationary point-source noise levels were evaluated by identifying the noise levels generated by outdoor stationary noise sources such as rooftop mechanical equipment, parking structure, automobile operations, and loading/refuse collection area activity, calculating the hourly Leq noise level from each noise source at sensitive receiver property lines, and comparing such noise levels to existing ambient noise levels. More specifically, the following steps were undertaken to calculate outdoor stationary point-source noise impacts:

1. Ambient noise levels at surrounding sensitive receiver locations were estimated based on field measurement data (see Table 1);

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2. Typical noise levels generated by each type of stationary point-source noise generator including mechanical equipment, and loading dock operations were obtained from measured noise levels for similar equipment/activities, noise levels published in environmental noise assessment documents for land use development projects or scientific journals, or noise levels from equipment manufacturer specifications

3. Distances between stationary point-source noise generators and surrounding sensitive receiver locations were measured using Project architectural drawings, Google Earth, and site plans;

4. Stationary point-source noise levels were then calculated for each sensitive receiver location based on the standard point source noise-distance attenuation factor of 6 dBA for each doubling of distance;

5. Noise level increases, if any, were compared to the stationary point-source noise significance thresholds identified above in Section 3, Thresholds of Significance; and

6. Outdoor mechanical equipment is assessed based on the County’s Municipal Code requirements and measured data, and their impacts on the nearby offsite receivers are determined based on their distance from these receivers. The noise levels determined at the offsite, noise-sensitive receivers are then compared to the stationary source noise significance thresholds identified in the County Municipal Code.

4.3 Groundborne Vibration and Noise (Construction
and Operations)
Groundborne vibration and noise impacts were evaluated for potential building damage and human annoyance impacts by identifying the Project’s potential vibration sources, estimating the distance between the Project’s vibration sources and the nearest structure and vibration annoyance receiver locations, and making a significance determination based on the significance thresholds described above in Section 3, Thresholds of Significance.

Construction activities may generate groundborne vibration and noise from transient sources due to the temporary and sporadic use of vibration-generating equipment. Operation of the Project has no potential to cause structure damage to the Project’s own buildings or to off-site buildings that are farther away because the Project would not include any equipment that would generate substantial vibration or noise levels. Construction and operational activities may generate groundborne vibration and noise levels that could be felt by people as a result of trucks and vehicles driving to and from the Project Site, or from the operation of typical commercial-grade stationary mechanical and electrical equipment used for residential and commercial land uses, such as air handling units, condenser units, and exhaust fans, which could produce groundborne vibration and noise.

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 SECTION 5
Environmental Impacts
Threshold a) Would the Project result in the generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the Project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? Impact Statement: The Project would not result in the generation of a temporary or permanent increases in ambient noise levels in excess of the standards. Impacts would be less than significant.

5.1 Temporary Increase in Ambient Noise Levels

5.1.1 On-Site Construction Noise
Noise impacts from construction activities are generally a function of the noise generated by construction equipment, equipment locations, the sensitivity of nearby land uses, and the timing and duration of the noise-generating activities. Project construction is anticipated to commence in 2024 and finish by 2027. Construction analysis is tiered off the construction equipment mix assumptions that are provided in the AQGHG CalEEMod modeling. Construction equipment is spaced out from the nearest to the furthest point of the proposed construction activity to account for construction equipment being spread across the site. For site improvement the nearest work/site improvement would occur within 500 feet of the schools with the proposed vehicle truck bay. The remainder of the external site improvements would occur at distances of 750 feet or greater from the school as those would occur to the east of the existing Sysco warehouse. For existing building work, the primary exterior modifications would occur to the north of the existing Sysco warehouse which ranges in distance from 870 to 980 feet from the school for construction equipment placement. The new building expansions would involve the new storage facilities which are located to the east of both the schools and existing warehouse, with distances ranging from 660 to 1,200 feet from the school for where construction equipment could be placed.

Construction phasing would include work on the existing building, sitewide improvements, and construction of the proposed buildings. Project construction would require the use of mobile heavy equipment with high noise-level characteristics. Individual pieces of construction equipment expected to be used during Project construction could produce maximum noise levels of 75 dBA to 90 dBA at a reference distance of 50 feet from the noise source, as shown in Table 7, Construction Equipment Noise Levels. These maximum noise levels would occur when equipment is operating under full power conditions. The estimated usage factor for the equipment

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 is also shown in Table 7. The usage factors are based on the FHWA’s Roadway Construction Noise Model User’s Guide.36 To more accurately characterize construction-period noise levels, the average (Hourly Leq) noise level associated with each construction stage has been calculated based on the quantity, type, and usage factors for each type of equipment expected to be used during each construction stage assuming that multiple pieces of equipment are operating, simultaneously.

TABLE 7

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE LEVELS
Equipment
Estimated Usage
Factor, %
Maximum Noise Level at
50 feet from Equipment,
dBA (Lmax)
Aerial Lift 20 75
Concrete Saw 20 90
Crane 16 81
Excavator 40 81
Forklift 10 75
Dozer 40 85
Off Highway Truck 40 76
Skid Steer Loader 40 78
Surfacing Equipment 20 90
Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 40 78
SOURCE: FHWA Roadway Construction Noise Model User’s Guide, 2006.

A summary of construction noise impacts at existing nearby sensitive receivers is provided in Table 8, Estimated Construction Noise Levels at Existing Off-Site Sensitive Receivers, with supporting calculations provided in Exhibit B of this Technical Report.

As shown in Table 8, construction noise levels are estimated to reach a maximum of 62.4 dBA Leq when overlapping of all construction phases occur at the off-site receiver location R1.

Projected construction noise level at the off-site receiver would exceed the ambient-based noise threshold of 57.9 dBA Leq.

Construction noise levels would exceed the ambient noise plus 5 dBA threshold and impacts would be significant before implementation of mitigation measures. Mitigation Measure-NOI-1 would require the construction of a 15-foot-high noise barrier to shield the school to the west/southwest of the Project Site along South Lemon Avenue. The barrier height should be measured from the ground surface of the school to the top of the barrier. The barrier should be placed along the western boundary of the Project. Therefore, considering the noise attenuation provided through temporary construction noise barriers, impacts associated with temporary 36 Federal Highway Administration, Roadway Construction Noise Model User’s Guide, 2006. https://www.gsweventcenter.com/Draft_SEIR_References/2006_01_Roadway_Construction_Noise_Model_User_ Guide_FHWA.pdf

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 construction noise would not result in an increase of 5 dBA over ambient. Thus, construction noise impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated.

TABLE 8

ESTIMATED UNMITIGATED CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVELS AT EXISTING OFF-SITE SENSITIVE RECEIVERS Noise Sensitive
Receiver Construction Phases
Distance between
Nearest Receiver
and Construction
Site, feet
Estimated Construction Noise
Levels at Noise Sensitive
Receiver by Construction
Phase, a
Hourly Leq (dBA)
R1b
This location represents
existing school(s) to the
west/southwest of the
Project site, east of
South Lemon Avenue,
and adjacent to the
Project boundary.

Site Improvements
New Building Expansion
Existing Building Work
Maximum Overlapping Phases
Ambient-based threshold (Ambient52.9 + 5 dBA)
Increase over threshold
Exceeding threshold?
500 to 1200 feet

66.4 50.6

47.4 66.6

57.9 8.7
Yes
a Estimated construction noise levels represent the worst-case condition when noise generators are located closest to the receivers. b Noise levels shown here included a 15 dBA reduction for the new Building expansion and 10 dBA reduction for the existing building work by the existing intervening buildings.

SOURCE: ESA, 2024.

5.1.2 Off-Site Construction Noise
Worker, vendor, and haul truck trips would occur throughout the construction period. Generally speaking, a doubling of traffic volumes results in a 3 dBA increase in ambient noise levels.37 The addition of 30 haul truck trips per day during site improvements phase would result in a less than perceptible 3 dBA noise level increase along affected roadway segments in the project vicinity and would not increase noise levels by a “clearly noticeable” increase of 5 dBA over the ambient condition. During the remainder of the construction activities, the maximum number of workers and vendor vehicles accessing the site would result in 102 trips per day or less. Trucks would use accessible roads close to the site. Off-site haul truck trips would not substantially increase noise levels over the ambient condition. Therefore, based on this supporting evidence, noise impacts from off-site construction traffic would be less than significant and no mitigation measures are required.
37 Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT), 2011. Highway Traffic Noise: Assessment and Abatement.

Available at: https://www.dot.state.mn.us/environment/noise/pdf/noisebrochure5-24-11.pdf. Accessed June 2024.

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

5.1.3 Mitigation Measures
As analyzed above, the Project’s on-site construction activities would result in significant noise impacts without the implementation of mitigation measures. Therefore, the following noise mitigation measures are recommended to reduce the Project’s construction-related noise impacts to sensitive uses in the vicinity of the Project Site:

Mitigation Measure-NOI-1: Temporary noise barriers shall be installed along the western Project boundary to the south of the Vehicle Truck Bay Construction (the project site boundary to the north of the schools) to shield the sensitive receivers from construction noise. The barrier for the project site boundary to the north of the schools shall have a minimum length of 500 feet starting from the Project’s northwestern corner where the security gate is and extending eastward along the Project boundary and have a minimum height of 15 feet (with the top of the barrier at least 15 feet above the ground surface of the school(s) to the south of the proposed sound barrier) that is made of sound blanket, plywood or other solid material capable of reducing on-site construction noise levels by at least 10 dBA. The temporary noise barrier shall be in place during the site improvement construction phase (e.g., during the Vehicle Truck Bay Construction). The exact placement of the proposed noise barrier is shown in Figure 5, Proposed Noise Barrier Location.

Mitigation Measure-NOI-2: The construction contract bid shall require the chosen construction contractor(s) to prepare a Construction Noise Control Plan. The details of the Construction Noise Control Plan shall be included as part of the permit application drawing set and as part of the construction drawing set. The Construction Noise Control Plan shall include, but not be limited to the following:
• During the entire active construction period, equipment and trucks used for project construction shall utilize the best available noise control techniques (e.g., improved mufflers, equipment regarding-design, use of intake silencers, ducts, engine enclosures, and acoustically attenuating shields or shrouds). • Require the contractor to use impact tools (e.g., jack hammers and hoe rams) that are hydraulically or electrically powered wherever such alternatives are available in the market. Where the use of pneumatic tools is unavoidable, an exhaust muffler on the compressed air exhaust shall be used along with external noise jackets on the tools.
• During the entire active construction period, stationary noise sources shall be located as far from sensitive receptors as possible, and they shall be muffled and enclosed within temporary sheds, or insulation barriers or other measures. • During the entire active construction period, noisy operations shall be combined so that they occur in the same time period as the total noise level produced would not be significantly greater than the level produced if the operations were performed separately (and the noise would be of shorter duration). • Select haul routes that avoid the greatest amount of sensitive use areas.

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 • Signs shall be posted at the job site entrance(s), within the on-site construction zones, and along queueing lanes (if any) to reinforce the prohibition of unnecessary engine idling. All other equipment shall be turned off if not in use for more than 5 minutes.

Paseo del Prado
Paseo Tesoro
S Lemon Ave
S Lemon Ave
Valley Blvd
Ron Hockwalt
High School
(RHHS)
Southern Pacific RR
Valley Blvd
Reyes Dr
Currier Rd
Currier Rd
Path: U:\GIS\GIS\Projects\2022xxx\D202200358_Sysco_Food_Service_City_Industry_Facility_Expansion\03_MXDs_Projects\Noise.aprx Fig 5 - Proposed Noise Barrier Location, MCScott 7/16/2024 SOURCE: ESA, 2024 Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion Project Figure 5
Proposed Noise Barrier Location
N
0 400
Feet
Project Boundary
Proposed Temporary Noise Barrier

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Construction noise would be reduced through Mitigation Measures NOI-1 and NOI-2. As shown in Table 9, Estimated Mitigated Construction Noise Levels at Existing Off-site Sensitive Receivers, noise levels would be reduced to less than the significance threshold of ambient plus 5 dBA and impacts would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated.

TABLE 9

ESTIMATED MITIGATED CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVELS AT EXISTING OFF-SITE SENSITIVE RECEIVERS Noise Sensitive
Receiver Construction Phases
Distance between
Nearest Receiver
and Construction
Site, feet
Estimated Construction Noise
Levels at Noise Sensitive
Receiver by Construction
Phase, a
Hourly Leq (dBA)
R1b
This location represents
existing school(s) to the
west/southwest of the
Project site, east of
South Lemon Avenue,
and adjacent to the
Project boundary.

Site Improvements
New Building Expansion
Existing Building Work
Maximum Overlapping Phases
Ambient-based threshold (Ambient52.9 + 5 dBA)
Increase over threshold
Exceeding threshold?
500 to 1200 feet

56.4 50.6

47.4 57.8

57.9 -0.1
No
a Estimated construction noise levels represent the worst-case condition when noise generators are located closest to the receivers. b Noise levels shown here included the noise attenuation effect by the existing intervening buildings and MM NOI-1 (-10 dBA at R1 during Vehicle Truck Bay Construction to the north of R1 where originally, no reduction was present). Noise levels shown here included a 15 dBA reduction for the new Building expansion and 10 dBA reduction for the existing building work by the existing intervening buildings. MM-NOI-2 ensures that the assumed equipment noise level would not be exceeded.

SOURCE: ESA, 2024.

5.2 Permanent Increase in Ambient Noise Levels

5.2.1 On-site Stationary Noise Sources
Fixed Mechanical Equipment
During Project operations, the use of mechanical equipment such as air conditioning equipment may generate audible noise levels. However, mechanical equipment would be shielded from nearby noise sensitive uses to attenuate noise and avoid conflicts with adjacent uses. It is not anticipated that the mechanical equipment would be significantly different than the mechanical equipment that is currently present on the existing Sysco Warehouse. New mechanical equipment would be placed on the rooftops of new buildings on the eastern side of the Project site, which is located greater than 500 feet from any sensitive receivers. HVAC units can generate noise levels of approximately 51.0 dBA Leq at a reference distance of 100 feet from the operating units during maximum heating or air conditioning operations. With the proposed dry storage facility being at least 700 feet to the east of the schools, noise would be reduced to 34.1 dBA Leq from HVAC operation. The nearest point to the proposed cold storage facility to the school is approximately

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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 800 feet to the northeast of the school. At that distance, HVAC operations from the new facility would be reduced to 33.0 dBA Leq. Combining HVAC operations from both facilities would result in a noise level of approximately 36.6 dBA Leq at the school. Therefore, HVAC operations would not result in a 5 dBA increase over ambient (57.9 dBA Leq), and impacts would be less than significant.

Loading Dock and Refuse Collection
Permanent loading would be provided for the proposed Cold and Dry Storage which are located along the eastern corner of the Project Site north of Currier Road. Based on a noise survey that was conducted at a loading dock and trash collection facilities by ESA, loading dock activity (namely idling semi-trucks and backup alarm beeps) and trash compactors could generate noise levels of approximately 70.0 dBA Leq and 66.0 dBA Leq, respectively, at a reference distance of 50 feet.38 For the purposes of this analysis the 70.0 dBA Leq threshold was used for loading dock activity. Refuse collection is anticipated to not change over existing conditions and was not further analyzed. With the proposed project, an additional 51 loading docks would be developed on site approximately 850 feet to the east of the schools. These additional loading docks would also be located to the east of the existing Sysco warehouse, thus providing additional attenuation of noise from the new loading dock activity to the schools. A single loading dock operating at a distance of 850 feet from the school, would result in a noise level of 45.0 dBA Leq without considering any attenuation from intervening structures. Assuming, all 51 loading docks are in operation with either loading or unloading cargo, at the averaged distance of 850 feet would result in noise levels of up to 62.1 dBA Leq without considering any attenuation from intervening structures. When accounting for attenuation from the Cold/Dry Storage along with the existing Sysco warehouse, a 15 dBA reduction would be plausible as the line of sight from loading docks would have no direct line of sight to the schools to the west. Therefore, when all 51 new loading docks are in operation, noise levels at the school would be reduced to 47.1 dBA Leq with attenuation from intervening structures. Refuse collection would likely remain the same as existing conditions; therefore, no change would occur when analyzing for refuse collection.

Therefore, the noise levels from the Project’s loading dock and refuse collection area would not exceed the threshold of 5 dBA over the ambient noise levels (57.9 dBA Leq) at sensitive receivers in the Project vicinity and impacts would be less than significant.

Combined Noise Levels
When combining the noise from the additional HVAC units which had a combined noise level of

36.6 dBA Leq and the operation of all 51 of the proposed loading docks which had a combined noise level of 47.1 dBA Leq; noise levels at the schools to the west of the project site would reach up to 47.5 dBA Leq. Therefore, impacts from new stationary and operational noise on-site would not exceed the threshold of 5 dBA over ambient noise levels (57.9 dBA Leq), would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required.
38 The loading dock facility noise measurements were conducted at a loading dock facility at a Wal-Mart store using the Larson-Davis 820 Precision Integrated Sound Level Meter (“SLM”) in May 2003. The Larson-Davis 820 SLM is a Type 1 standard instrument as defined in the American National Standard Institute S1.4. All instruments were calibrated and operated according to the applicable manufacturer specification. The microphone was placed at a height of approximately 5 feet above the local grade.

5. Environmental Impacts
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Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024

5.2.3 Offsite Project Traffic
Under the proposed project, traffic noise levels are expected to be lower than existing conditions.

Based on the Fehr & Peers VMT analysis39 for the Proposed Project, shipments would be reduced by at least 31 percent as the Proposed Project would allow for more storage/excess produce to be stored on-site. Thus, less than truckload shipments would be reduced by 50 percent while full truckload shipments would remain the same as existing conditions. Therefore, the reduction in trips would reduce the noise from the proposed project over existing conditions and impacts would be less than significant.

5.2.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

Level of Significance After Mitigation
Not applicable.

Threshold b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? Impact Statement: The Project would not generate excessive groundborne vibration during construction or operations. Impacts would be less than significant.

5.3 Groundborne Vibration

5.3.1 Structural Impacts
Construction
Construction activities can generate varying degrees of groundborne vibration, depending on the construction procedures and the construction equipment used. The operation of construction equipment generates vibrations that spread through the ground and diminish in amplitude with distance from the source. The effect on buildings located in the vicinity of the construction site varies depending on soil type, ground strata, and construction characteristics of the receiver buildings. The results from vibration can range from no perceptible effects at the lowest vibration levels, to low rumbling sounds and perceptible vibration at moderate levels, to slight damage at the highest levels. Groundborne vibration from construction activities rarely reaches levels that damage structures. The Caltrans guidance manual incorporates FTA standard vibration velocities for construction equipment operations (Table 18 of the Caltrans guidance manual). The PPV vibration velocities for the types of construction equipment that can generate perceptible vibration levels and that would be used for the Project are listed in Table 10, Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment.

Because vibration level in RMS is best for characterizing human response to building vibration and vibration level in PPV is best used to characterize potential for damage, this construction 39 Fehr & Peers Sysco Facility Expansion VMT Inbound and Zip Code Miles Saving Analysis 2023.

5. Environmental Impacts
20701 Currier Road Project 34 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 vibration impact analysis assessed the potential for building damages using vibration levels in PPV (inch/sec). Potential human annoyance is assessed in the next subsection using vibration levels in VdB.

TABLE 10

VIBRATION SOURCE LEVELS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Equipment
Approximate PPV (in/sec) Approximate RMS (VdB)
25 Feet
50 Feet
60 Feet
75 Feet
100
Feet
25 Feet
50 Feet
60 Feet
75 Feet
100
Feet
Large Bulldozer 0.089 0.031 0.024 0.017 0.011 87 78 76 73 69 Loaded Trucks 0.076 0.027 0.020 0.015 0.010 86 77 75 72 68 Wheel Loader 0.076 0.027 0.020 0.015 0.010 86 77 75 72 68 Fork Lift 0.047 0.016 0.013 0.009 0.006 81 72 70 67 63
Jackhammer 0.035 0.012 0.009 0.007 0.004 79 70 68 65 61 Earth Mover 0.011 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 69 60 58 55 51 Small Bulldozer 0.003 0.001 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 58 49 47 44 40 SOURCE: FTA, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, September 2018; ESA, 2024.

Because vibration impacts occur normally at or within buildings, the distance to the nearest sensitive uses, for vibration impact analysis purposes, is measured between the nearest off-site sensitive use buildings and the nearest proposed development to the sensitive receiver. As shown in Table 10, construction equipment would generate approximately up to 0.089 in/sec PPV when measured at 25 feet. As shown in Table 2, the FTA guidelines indicate that a vibration level of

0.2 inch/sec PPV is considered safe for buildings consisting of a non-engineered timber and masonry building.

Based on the vibration data provided in Table 10, vibration velocities from construction equipment would range from approximately 0.003 to 0.089 inches per second PPV at 25 feet from the source of activity. The nearest off-site buildings to the Project Site that could be subjected to Project-related vibration structural damage include the commercial/industrial buildings to the east (30 feet) as measured from the Project Site boundary where solar panel removal would occur. Pile driving would not be used, and other vibration-generating equipment would normally operate at least 25 feet or more from the nearest off-site buildings. Thus, based on the vibration data provided in Table 10, the nearest off-site buildings would not be exposed to vibration levels that would cause structural damage (see Tables 2 and 4, threshold is 0.2 in/sec).

Impacts would be less than significant.

Operation
The Project’s operations would include typical commercial-grade stationary mechanical and electrical equipment, such as air handling units, condenser units, and exhaust fans, which would produce vibration. In addition, the primary sources of transient vibration would include passenger vehicle circulation within the proposed parking area. Groundborne vibration generated by each of

5. Environmental Impacts
20701 Currier Road Project 35 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 the above-mentioned activities would generate approximately up to 0.005 in/sec PPV adjacent to the Project Site.40 The potential vibration levels from all Project operational sources at the closest existing sensitive receiver locations would be less than the significance threshold of 0.2 in/sec PPV significance threshold for potential residential building damage. As such, vibration impacts associated with operation of the Project would be below the significance threshold and impacts would be less than significant.

5.3.2 Human Annoyance
Construction
The CEQA Thresholds Guide identifies residences, schools, motels and hotels, libraries, religious institutions, hospitals, nursing homes, and parks as sensitive uses. Off-site non-residential uses such as retail and commercial uses are not considered vibration sensitive receivers for human annoyance under CEQA. Groundborne noise specifically refers to the rumbling noise emanating from the motion of building room surfaces due to vibration of floors and walls and is perceptible only inside buildings.41 For typical buildings, groundborne vibration results in groundborne noise levels approximately 25 to 40 decibels lower than the velocity level.42 According the FTA Noise and Vibration Manual, most of the studies of groundborne vibration in this country have focused on urban rail transit and the problems with groundborne vibration and noise that are common when there is less than 50 feet between a subway structure and building foundations. Project construction would not create on-going and continuous groundborne vibration and noise like that of an urban rail transit system. Groundborne noise impacts would also be less than significant.

Nearby vibration-sensitive uses for potential human annoyance in the Project vicinity include the schools approximately 580 feet to the south from where the proposed truck bay would be developed. At a distance of 100 feet or more, the maximum vibration level would be attenuated by at least 18 VdB to 69 VdB or less.

The Project would generate occasional transient vibrations from period construction and not generate continuous vibrations. Thus, Project construction would not exceed the FTA’s 75 VdB threshold for occasional events at the nearest noise-sensitive receiver locations during daytime hours. Therefore, the impacts to the nearest sensitive receiver would be less than significant.

Operation
Post-construction on-site activities would be limited to creative office uses and associated mechanical equipment such HVAC units that would not be anticipated to generate excessive groundborne noise or vibration. Project operational vibration levels would be substantially less than during construction. As such, ground-borne vibration and noise impact to human annoyance associated with the long-term operation of project would be less than significant. 40 This vibration estimate is based on data presented in the USDOT Federal Transit Administration, 2018; which is included in Exhibit D of this Technical Report. 41 Federal Transit Administration, Noise and Vibration Manual, 2018, Page 112, 42 Federal Transit Administration, Noise and Vibration Manual, 2018, Page 119.

5. Environmental Impacts
20701 Currier Road Project 36 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 Threshold c) For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the Project expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels?
Impact Statement: The Project is not located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or airport land use plan. Therefore, the Project would have no impact.

The Project Site is not located within an airport land use plan area or within two miles of a public airport or public use airport. The Project Site is not located within the vicinity of a private airstrip, or heliport or helistop. The nearest airport and airfield in proximity to the Project Site include Brackett Field Airport approximately 6.6 miles to the northeast. Therefore, construction or operation of the Project would not expose people to excessive airport related noise levels. No impact would occur in this regard.

5. Environmental Impacts
20701 Currier Road Project 37 ESA / D202200358.00
Noise and Vibration Due Diligence Technical Report July 2024 References:

America Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE). 1999. Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Applications.

California Noise Insulation Standards (Title 24, California Code of Regulations). https://www.library.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GuideToTitle24.pdf Caltrans (California Department of Transportation). 2020. Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dotmedia/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/tcvgm-apr2020-a11y.pdf, accessed September 2022.

Caltrans. 2013. Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol, September.

City of Industry. 2014. City of Industry General Plan. Noise Element. https://www.cityofindustry.org/home/showpublisheddocument/1693/636422096213600000 FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2006. Roadway Construction Noise Model – RCNM and User Guide. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/construction_noise/rcnm/, accessed September 2022.

FHWA. 2018. Techniques for Reviewing Noise Analyses and Associated Noise Reports, June 1. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Environment/noise/resources/
reviewing_noise_analysis/fhwahep18067.pdf, accessed September 2022.

Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) Highway Traffic Noise Model (TNM).

FTA (Federal Transit Administration). 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, May. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/FTA_Noise_and_Vibration_ Manual.pdf.

OPR (California Office of Planning and Research). 2003. General Plan Guidelines. https://www.opr.ca.gov/docs/General_Plan_Guidelines_2003.pdf.

United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Identifies Noise Levels Affecting Health and Welfare. April 1974.

Exhibit A
Ambient Noise Data

Summary
File Name on Meter LxT_Data.015.s
File Name on PC
Serial Number 0007058
Model SoundTrack LxT®
Firmware Version 2.404
User
Location
Job Description
Note
Measurement
Description
Start 2023-05-23 09:22:44
Stop 2023-05-23 09:37:44
Duration 00:15:00.0
Run Time 00:15:00.0
Pause 00:00:00.0
Pre-Calibration 2023-05-23 08:34:51
Post-Calibration None
Calibration Deviation ---
Overall Settings
RMS Weight A Weighting
Peak Weight A Weighting
Detector Slow
Preamplifier PRMLxT1
Microphone Correction Off
Integration Method Exponential
Overload 143.6 dB
A C Z
Under Range Peak 99.5 96.5 101.5 dB
Under Range Limit 36.8 36.4 43.4 dB
Noise Floor 27.6 27.3 34.3 dB
First Second Third
Instrument Identification
Results
LASeq 52.9
LASE 82.4
EAS 19.329 µPa²h
EAS8 618.517 µPa²h
EAS40 3.093 mPa²h
LApeak (max) 2023-05-23 09:36:49 86.1 dB
LASmax 2023-05-23 09:34:57 60.4 dB
LASmin 2023-05-23 09:36:32 51.4 dB
SEA -99.9 dB
Exceedance Counts
LAS > 85.0 dB 0 0.0 s
LAS > 115.0 dB 0 0.0 s
LApeak > 135.0 dB 0 0.0 s
LApeak > 137.0 dB 0 0.0 s
LApeak > 140.0 dB 0 0.0 s
LCSeq 72.4 dB
LASeq 52.9 dB
LCSeq - LASeq 19.6 dB
LAIeq 54.3 dB
LAeq 52.9 dB
LAIeq - LAeq 1.5 dB
dB Time Stamp dB Time Stamp dB Time Stamp
Leq 52.9
LS(max) 60.4 2023/05/23 9:34:57
LS(min) 51.4 2023/05/23 9:36:32
LPeak(max) 86.1 2023/05/23 9:36:49
Overload Count 0
Overload Duration 0.0 s
Dose Settings
Dose Name OSHA-1 OSHA-2
Exchange Rate 5 5 dB
Threshold 90 80 dB
Criterion Level 90 90 dB
Criterion Duration 8 8 h
Results
Dose -99.94 -99.94 %
Projected Dose -99.94 -99.94 %
TWA (Projected) -99.9 -99.9 dB
TWA (t) -99.9 -99.9 dB
Lep (t) 37.8 37.8 dB
Statistics
LAS 5.00 54.0 dB
LAS 10.00 53.6 dB
LAS 33.30 52.9 dB
LAS 50.00 52.7 dB
LAS 66.60 52.4 dB
LAS 90.00 52.0 dB
LxT_0007058-20230523 092244-LxT_Data.015.ldbin
Duration
A C Z

Exhibit B
Construction Noise
Calculations

Project: Sysco Warehouse Expansion Project Unmitigated
Construction Noise Impact on Sensitive Receptors
Parameters
Construction Hours: 8 Daytime hours (7 am to 7 pm)
0 Evening hours (7 pm to 10 pm)
0 Nighttime hours (10 pm to 7 am)
Leq to L10 factor 3
Construction Phase
Equipment Type
No. of
Equip.

Reference
Noise Level at
50ft, Lmax
Acoustical
Usage Factor
Distance
(ft) Lmax Leq L10
Estimated
Noise
Shielding,
dBA
Site Improvements 71 66.4
Excavator 1 85 40% 500 65 61 64 0
Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 80 40% 750 56 52 55 0
Dozer 1 85 40% 800 61 57 60 0
Front End Loader 1 80 40% 850 55 51 54 0
Dump Truck 1 84 40% 800 60 56 59 0
Excavator 1 85 40% 850 60 56 59 0
Crane 1 85 16% 900 60 52 55 0
Forklift 1 75 10% 950 49 39 42 0
Man Lift 1 85 20% 1000 59 52 55 0
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1050 59 56 59 0
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1000 59 56 59 0
Concrete Saw 1 90 20% 1150 63 56 59 0
New Building Expansion 55 50.6
Excavator 1 85 40% 660 48 44 47 15
Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 80 40% 700 42 38 41 15
Dozer 1 85 40% 750 46 42 45 15
Front End Loader 1 80 40% 800 41 37 40 15
Dump Truck 1 84 40% 850 44 40 43 15
Excavator 1 85 40% 900 45 41 44 15
Crane 1 85 16% 950 44 36 39 15
Forklift 1 75 10% 1000 34 24 27 15
Man Lift 1 85 20% 1050 44 37 40 15
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1100 43 40 43 15
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1150 43 40 43 15
Concrete Saw 1 90 20% 1200 47 40 43 15
Existing Building Work 51 47.4
Excavator 1 85 40% 870 50 46 49 10
Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 80 40% 880 45 41 44 10
Dozer 1 85 40% 890 50 46 49 10
Front End Loader 1 80 40% 900 45 41 44 10
Dump Truck 1 84 40% 910 49 45 48 10
Excavator 1 85 40% 920 50 46 49 10
Crane 1 85 16% 930 50 42 45 10
Forklift 1 75 10% 940 40 30 33 10
Man Lift 1 85 20% 950 49 42 45 10
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 960 49 46 49 10
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 970 49 46 49 10
Concrete Saw 1 90 20% 980 54 47 50 10
Maximum Overlapping Noise Levels 66.6
Ambient Noise Level 52.9
Threshold (Ambient +5 dBA) 57.9
Significant Impact? Yes
Source for Ref. Noise Levels: LA CEQA Guides, 2006 & FHWA RCNM, 2005 A 15 dB reduction was applied to New Building
Expansion as the existing Sysco Warehouse would fully
block the line of sight to the school / sensitive receptor R1.

A 10 dB reduction was applied to Existing Building
Expansion as the existing Sysco Warehouse would
partially block the line of sight to the school / sensitive receptor R1.

R1 - School(s) to the west/southwest

Project: Sysco Warehouse Expansion Project Mitigated
Construction Noise Impact on Sensitive Receptors
Parameters
Construction Hours: 8 Daytime hours (7 am to 7 pm)
0 Evening hours (7 pm to 10 pm)
0 Nighttime hours (10 pm to 7 am)
Leq to L10 factor 3
Construction Phase
Equipment Type
No. of
Equip.

Reference
Noise Level at
50ft, Lmax
Acoustical
Usage Factor
Distance
(ft) Lmax Leq L10
Estimated
Noise
Shielding,
dBA
Site Improvements 61 56
Excavator 1 85 40% 500 55 51 54 10
Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 80 40% 750 46 42 45 10
Dozer 1 85 40% 800 51 47 50 10
Front End Loader 1 80 40% 850 45 41 44 10
Dump Truck 1 84 40% 800 50 46 49 10
Excavator 1 85 40% 850 50 46 49 10
Crane 1 85 16% 900 50 42 45 10
Forklift 1 75 10% 950 39 29 32 10
Man Lift 1 85 20% 1000 49 42 45 10
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1050 49 46 49 10
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1000 49 46 49 10
Concrete Saw 1 90 20% 1150 53 46 49 10
New Building Expansion 55 51
Excavator 1 85 40% 660 48 44 47 15
Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 80 40% 700 42 38 41 15
Dozer 1 85 40% 750 46 42 45 15
Front End Loader 1 80 40% 800 41 37 40 15
Dump Truck 1 84 40% 850 44 40 43 15
Excavator 1 85 40% 900 45 41 44 15
Crane 1 85 16% 950 44 36 39 15
Forklift 1 75 10% 1000 34 24 27 15
Man Lift 1 85 20% 1050 44 37 40 15
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1100 43 40 43 15
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 1150 43 40 43 15
Concrete Saw 1 90 20% 1200 47 40 43 15
Existing Building Work 51 47
Excavator 1 85 40% 870 50 46 49 10
Tractor/Loader/Backhoe 1 80 40% 880 45 41 44 10
Dozer 1 85 40% 890 50 46 49 10
Front End Loader 1 80 40% 900 45 41 44 10
Dump Truck 1 84 40% 910 49 45 48 10
Excavator 1 85 40% 920 50 46 49 10
Crane 1 85 16% 930 50 42 45 10
Forklift 1 75 10% 940 40 30 33 10
Man Lift 1 85 20% 950 49 42 45 10
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 960 49 46 49 10
Other Equipment 1 85 50% 970 49 46 49 10
Concrete Saw 1 90 20% 980 54 47 50 10
Maximum Overlapping Noise Levels 57.8
Ambient Noise Level 52.9
Threshold (Ambient +5 dBA) 57.9
Significant Impact? No
Source for Ref. Noise Levels: LA CEQA Guides, 2006 & FHWA RCNM, 2005 A 15 dB reduction was applied to New Building
Expansion as the existing Sysco Warehouse would fully
block the line of sight to the school / sensitive receptor R1.

A 10 dB reduction was applied to Existing Building
Expansion as the existing Sysco Warehouse would
partially block the line of sight to the school / sensitive receptor R1.

A 10 dB reduction was applied to Site Improvements as
the existing Sysco Warehouse would partially block the
line of sight to the school / sensitive receptor R1 for some of the site improvements where the equipment is
measured at a minimum distance of 750 or greater. A 10
dB shielding was provided for equipment at a distance of 500 feet for the proposed Vehicle Truck Bay to the north of the School based upon the Mitigation Measures in the Noise Study.

R1 - School(s) to the west/southwest

Circulation Draft
City of Industry
Sysco Los Angeles Facility Expansion
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
October 15, 2024

APPENDIX H
20701 Currier Road Project Vehicle Miles Travelled
(VMT) Assessment

600 Wilshire Boulevard | Suite 1050 | Los Angeles, CA 90017 | (213) 261-3050 | Fax (310) 394-7663 www.fehrandpeers.com
Memorandum
Date: March 26, 2024
To: Kathy Tai and Eduardo Manriquez, City of Industry
From: Jolene Hayes and John Muggridge, Fehr & Peers
Subject: 20701 Currier Road Project – VMT Assessment
LA22-3334.05
This technical memorandum presents the findings of the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) assessment conducted for the proposed project (“Project”) located at 20701 Currier Road in the City of Industry (“Project Site”). The approach for assessing VMT impacts for the Project are in accordance with the City of Industry’s Transportation Study Guidelines (TSG)1.

Project Description
Sysco currently has a facility on the Project Site that is approximately 550,000 square feet of office space, storage space (dry, cooler, and freezer), and supporting occupancies. Based on employee information provided by Sysco, the current operation at the Project Site employs 839 total employees, of which a maximum of 160 employees are on site at any given time.

Sysco is requesting an expansion to add an approximately 110,000 square foot building to the Project Site, with the intent to expand the quantity of products and to expand the product lines that are carried by the facility. Of the additional space, 91 percent would be dedicated to space for food storage or docks and approximately 1,600 square feet of the new expansion would be dedicated to an office, restrooms, and breakrooms. This addition is expected to increase the total number of employees by 4.

VMT Assessment
The TSG provides VMT screening and analysis criteria that conform with Senate Bill 743 and CEQA. Fehr & Peers investigated three potential approaches to VMT analysis that would conform 1 See City of Industry Transportation Study Guidelines for Vehicle Miles Traveled and Level of Service Assessment, April 2022,
https://www.cityofindustry.org/home/showpublisheddocument/8497/637890701348530000.

City of Industry
March 26, 2024

with the TSG – modeling the Project VMT using the SCAG travel demand model and screening out the Project from VMT analysis based on trip generation. As summarized below, these two options indicated that further VMT analysis would be required to determine whether or not the Project would result in significant VMT impacts.

VMT Screening
In accordance with CEQA, a Project may be screened from VMT impact analysis if it meets one of three criteria listed below:

1. Transit Priority Area (TPA)

2. Low VMT Area

3. Small Project (daily trip generation of less than 110 trips) The San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments (SGVCOG) VMT Evaluation Tool (“Tool”), which is based on the SCAG 2016 RTP/SCS model, was used to screen the Project for the first two criterion.

The Project size and location were inputted into the Tool to determine if the Project is within a TPA or a Low VMT Area. The Tool determined that the Project is not located within a TPA or within a Low VMT Area.

Next, the third criterion was measured by using the ITE Trip Generation Handbook to estimate the Project’s daily trip generation. The land use code most applicable to the Project is that of HighCube Cold Storage Warehouse (ITE 157). As show in Table 2, the estimated trip generation for the Project exceeds the threshold of 110 daily trips.

Table 1: Project Trip Generation (ITE Code 157, High-Cube Cold Storage) Max Daily Trip
Threshold Proposed Expansion
Daily Trips per 1,000
SF
Estimated Daily Project
Trips
110 110,000 SF 2.12 233
Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers Trip Generation Manual (10th Edition).

VMT Analysis
A full VMT analysis is required to measure a Project’s VMT impact when it cannot be screened out. In most cases, the trip origins and destinations to and from a proposed project site are unknown so the mileage generated by trips (VMT) cannot be estimated. In those cases, the regional travel demand model must be used to estimate VMT for the proposed type of use and location. The SCAG model uses geographic areas called transportation analysis zones (TAZ). All trips and associated miles traveled moving into, through and out of a TAZ are estimated by the model. This information is based on limited survey data and static traffic counts collected at a

City of Industry
March 26, 2024

specific point in time. In most cases, this is the best available information for estimating a project’s VMT.

In rare cases, trip data is known due to fixed routes and fixed customers. That is the case with Sysco. They contract deliveries with customers, including days per year and amount of product.

This information is far more reliable and accurate for calculating VMT and was therefore used for developing the VMT analysis.

The Project is the expansion of an existing Sysco industrial warehouse. Sysco provides contracted food and related food supplies delivery services to customers throughout the country. Sysco operates on regularly scheduled routes to established customers. In addition to owning its warehouse facilities, it also owns and operates its own trucking fleet. Each truck begins and ends its daily tour at the same facility and parks overnight at the facility. The Project proposes to expand Sysco’s current Los Angeles County facility to provide additional space to serve increases in local demand. The existing facility is at capacity and cannot meet existing or projected future demand. Currently, Sysco is servicing some clients in Los Angeles County from its other warehousing facilities located much further away in Ventura, San Diego, and Riverside Counties.

For this analysis, Sysco provided actual data from its current operations and the service operations planning information for the proposed expansion (Project), including zip codes served by each of its existing warehouses. The weekly VMT is based on tours of each truck, including an average of two trips per week to each customer. Due to the proprietary nature of this information, total weekly roundtrip miles traveled between each Sysco facility by each truck with and without the Project have been aggregated and are provided in Table 2.

Table 2: Weekly Miles Traveled With and Without the Project Facility
Current
Weekly VMT
With Expansion
Weekly VMT
Change
in VMT
Riverside 64,778 36,250 -28,528
Ventura 28,760 18,452 -10,308
San Diego 36,682 15,418 -21,264
TOTAL 130,220 70,120 -60,100
Source: Sysco
In addition to servicing Los Angeles customers from out of the County, the lack of space at its Los Angeles facility is also resulting in partial deliveries (less than container loads, or LTL) instead of a consolidated delivery (full truck load, or FTL) to customers because the existing facility lacks sufficient space to receive and store goods for creating consolidated loads. LTLs require more truck trips to deliver goods to Sysco customers and are thereby less efficient than FTLs resulting in more mileage traveled, more fuel usage, and higher operating costs. The Project will reduce

City of Industry
March 26, 2024

overall shipments by 31 percent by reducing LTLs and increasing FTLs. The reduction in mileage is reflected in Table 2, and the reduction of shipments is shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Reduction in Shipments
Shipments Weekly Shipments
Existing Weekly
Shipments
951
Weekly Shipments with
Project
652
Difference (299)
% Reduction (31%)
Source: Sysco
The Project’s proposed expansion will result in approximately 60,100 less vehicle miles of travel weekly. This reduction supports the State’s goals of VMT and greenhouse gas emissions. The Project will thereby result in a less than significant impact.

DP 22-05
June 10, 2025

Exhibit E
Resolution No. CC 2025-24, approving
the IS/MND and notice of determination
regarding same.
[Attached]

RESOLUTION NO. CC 2025-24

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

INDUSTRY, CALIFORNIA, ADOPTING AN INITIAL

STUDY/MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION AND

MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM
FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN APPLICATION NO. 22-05, TO
ALLOW A 109,423 SQUARE-FOOT EXPANSION TO AN
EXISTING 558,737 SQUARE-FOOT INDUSTRIAL

BUILDING, ALONG WITH OTHER ASSOCIATED SITE

IMPROVEMENTS, AND THE REMOVAL OF AN EXISTING

SOLAR FARM AND TRUCK PARKING AREA, FOR THE
PROPERTY LOCATED AT 20701 CURRIER ROAD, CITY

OF INDUSTRY, CALIFORNIA, AND MAKE FINDINGS IN

SUPPORT THEREOF

RECITALS
WHEREAS, Sysco Corporation (“Applicant”), filed a complete application requesting approval of Development Plan Application No. 22-05 to allow for the demolition of an existing solar farm located east of the existing main building and a truck parking area located northeast of the main building in order to make area to allow for a 109,423 square-foot expansion to an existing 558,737 square-foot industrial building, along with other associated site improvements, (“Project”) located at 20701 Currier Road, City of Industry, California (“Project Site”); and
WHEREAS, the Project Site is comprised of four parcels totaling 42.1-acres (1,834,000 square feet), further described as Assessor Parcel Nos. 8760-023-023, -026, -030, and -034); and
WHEREAS, City records show in 1991, the City approved a 539,309 square-foot industrial building at the Property, allowing Sysco to operate as a food distribution center.

On November 9, 2009, the City approved a 19,428 square-foot building expansion to the 539,309 square-foot industrial building. Since then, the 558,737 square-foot building has continued to operate as a food distribution center; and WHEREAS, the Project Site has a General Plan Employment land use designation and is zoned Industrial. In accordance with Section 17.36.020 of the City’s Municipal Code (“Code”), a Development Plan Application is required for the construction of a building addition; and
WHEREAS, the Applicant submitted an Environmental Assessment form pursuant to the City’s requirements. Based upon the information received and Staff’s review and assessment, it was determined that the Project would not have a significant impact on the environment with mitigation measures incorporated, and an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (“IS/MND”) and Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (“MMRP”) was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the California

Resolution No. CC 2025-24
DP No. 22-05

Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), California Public Resources Code Section 21000 et seq., the State CEQA Guidelines, California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, sections 15000 et seq.; and
WHEREAS, on October 18, 2024, a Notice of Availability and Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration was published in the San Gabriel Valley Tribune and posted at the Project Site, City Hall, the City’s Council Chambers, Fire Station 118, on the City’s webpage, and mailed out to individuals that requested the notice; and WHEREAS, the IS/MND and MMRP was circulated for public and agency review and comment beginning October 18, 2024, through and including November 6, 2024.

Copies of the IS/MND and MMRP were made available to the public at the City of Industry City Hall and the City’s webpage on October 18, 2024; and WHEREAS, the IS/MND and MMRP concluded that implementation of the Project could result in a significant effect on the environment and identified mitigation measures that would reduce the significant effects to a less-than-significant level. The Project has the potential for significant effects in environmental topics which include Cultural Resources, Geology and Soils, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Noise, Tribal Cultural Resources, but each of those potential impacts are mitigated to less than significant with the mitigation measures identified in the proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration; and WHEREAS, public comments were received and a Final IS/MND and MMRP with responses to submitted comments was prepared; and
WHEREAS, on June 10, 2025, the City Council of the City of Industry conducted a duly noticed special meeting to consider the IS/MND and MMRP, and considered all testimony written and oral; and
WHEREAS, all legal prerequisites to the adoption of this Resolution have occurred.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF INDUSTRY DOES HEREBY FIND, DETERMINE AND RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1: That based on the entirety of the record before it, which includes without limitation, the California Environmental Quality Act, Public Resources Code §§ 21000, et seq. (“CEQA”) and the CEQA Guidelines, 14 California Code of Regulations § 15000, et seq.; the IS/MND and MMRP prepared for the Project, including all written comments received; all reports, minutes, and public testimony submitted as part of the City Council’s duly noticed special meeting of June 10, 2025, and any other evidence (within the meaning of Public Resources Code §21080(e) and §21082.2), the City Council hereby finds as follow:
a. The forgoing recitals are true and correct and made a part of this Resolution. b. The IS/MND and MMRP for the Project, including any comment letters received,

Resolution No. CC 2025-24
DP No. 22-05

are attached hereto as Attachment 1, and are incorporated by reference as part of this Resolution, as if each were set forth fully herein. c. The documents and other material constituting the record for these proceedings are located at the Office of the City Clerk, City of Industry, 15625 Mayor Dave Way Street, City of Industry, CA 91744.
d. The Project is consistent with the City’s General Plan because the land use and development standards, densities and intensities, and structures proposed are compatible with the goals, policies, and land use designations established in the General Plan (see Gov’t Code, § 65860), and none of the land uses, development standards, densities and intensities and structures will operate to conflict with or impede an achievement of any of the goals, policies or land use designations established in the General Plan. The proposed development is consistent with General Plan Policy LU5 that states the City should provide “[h]igh quality and wellmaintained properties, buildings, and infrastructure that enhance property values and encourage additional public and private investment.” The Project will provide a building that is of high architectural design, along with new infrastructure that will enhance the property value due to the increase in square footage. New buildings, additions, and other structures require an appraisal from the LA County Assessor’s office. The value of new construction is added to the existing improvement assessed value.
e. In accordance with CEQA, the City Council has considered the IS/MND for the Project, including all comments received on the IS/MND, and based on the entirety of the record, as described above, the City Council, exercising its independent judgement and analysis, makes the following findings regarding the environmental analysis of the Project:
i. Design features of the Project, as well as the mitigation measures proposed in the IS/MND and MMRP, will operate to ensure the impacts of the Project will not exceed established CEQA thresholds of significance.

Therefore, and as further documented in the IS/MND for the Project, additional mitigation measures beyond those established in the MMRP are not required for the Project.
ii. For the reasons stated in this Resolution, the City Council finds that there is no substantial evidence in the record supporting a fair argument that approval of the Project will result in a significant environmental effect. f. That the City Council of the City of Industry hereby makes the findings contained in this Resolution, and hereby adopts the IS/MND and MMRP for the Project.

SECTION 2: The provisions of this Resolution are severable and if any provision, clause, sentence, word or part thereof is held illegal, invalid, unconstitutional, or inapplicable to any person or circumstances, such illegality, invalidity, unconstitutionality, or inapplicability shall not affect or impair any of the remaining provisions, clauses, sentences, sections, words or parts thereof of the Resolution or their applicability to other

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persons or circumstances.

SECTION 3: That the City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution and the same shall be in full force and effect.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Industry at a special meeting held on June 10, 2025, by the following vote:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

Cory C. Moss, Mayor
ATTEST:

Julie Gutierrez-Robles, City Clerk

DP 22-05
June 10, 2025

Exhibit F
Resolution No. CC 2025-25, approving
Development Plan No. 22-05 with the
Standard Requirements and Conditions
of Approval.
[Attached]

RESOLUTION NO. CC 2025-25

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

INDUSTRY, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING DEVELOPMENT
PLAN APPLICATION NO. 22-05, TO ALLOW A 109,423
SQUARE-FOOT EXPANSION TO AN EXISTING 558,737

SQUARE-FOOT INDUSTRIAL BUILDING, ALONG WITH

OTHER ASSOCIATED SITE IMPROVEMENTS, AND THE

REMOVAL OF AN EXISTING SOLAR FARM AND TRUCK
PARKING AREA, FOR PROPERTY LOCATED AT 20701

CURRIER ROAD, CITY OF INDUSTRY, CALIFORNIA, AND

MAKE FINDINGS IN SUPPORT THEREOF

RECITALS
WHEREAS, Sysco Corporation (“Applicant”), filed a complete application requesting approval of Development Plan Application No. 22-05 to allow for the demolition of an existing solar farm located east of the existing main building and a truck parking area located northeast of the main building in order to make area to allow for a 109,423 squarefoot expansion to an existing 558,737 square-foot industrial building, along with other associated site improvements, (“Project”) located at 20701 Currier Road, City of Industry, California (“Project Site”); and
WHEREAS, the Project Site is comprised of four parcels totaling 42.1-acres (1,834,000 square feet), further described as Assessor Parcel Nos. 8760-023-023, -026, -030, and -034); and
WHEREAS, City records show in 1991, the City approved a 539,309 square-foot industrial building at the Property, allowing Sysco to operate as a food distribution center.

On November 9, 2009, the City approved a 19,428 square-foot building expansion to the 539,309 square-foot industrial building. Since then, the 558,737 square-foot building has continued to operate as a food distribution center; and WHEREAS, the Project Site has a General Plan Employment land use designation and is zoned Industrial. In accordance with Section 17.36.020 of the City’s Municipal Code (“Code”), a Development Plan Application is required for the construction of a building addition; and
WHEREAS, the Applicant submitted an Environmental Assessment form pursuant to the City’s requirements. Based upon the information received and Staff’s review and assessment, it was determined that the Project would not have a significant impact on the environment with mitigation measures incorporated, and an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (“IS/MND”) and Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (“MMRP”) was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), California Public Resources Code Section 21000 et seq., the State CEQA Guidelines, California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, sections 15000 et seq.; and
WHEREAS, on October 18, 2024, a Notice of Availability and Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration was published in the San Gabriel Valley Tribune and posted at the Project Site, City Hall, the City’s Council Chambers, Fire Station 118, on the

Resolution No. CC 2025-25
DP No. 22-05

City’s webpage, and mailed out to individuals that requested the notice; and WHEREAS, the IS/MND and MMRP was circulated for public and agency review and comment beginning October 18, 2024, through and including November 6, 2024.

Copies of the IS/MND and MMRP were made available to the public at the City of Industry City Hall and the City’s webpage on October 18, 2024; and WHEREAS, the IS/MND and MMRP concluded that implementation of the Project could result in a significant effect on the environment and identified mitigation measures that would reduce the significant effects to a less-than-significant level. The Project has the potential for significant effects in environmental topics which include Cultural Resources, Geology and Soils, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Noise, Tribal Cultural Resources, but each of those potential impacts are mitigated to less than significant with the mitigation measures identified in the proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration; and WHEREAS, on June 10, 2025, the City Council of the City of Industry conducted a duly noticed special meeting to consider the IS/MND and MMRP, and considered all testimony written and oral; and
WHEREAS, on June 10, 2025, at a duly noticed special meeting, the City Council adopted Resolution No. CC 2025-24, approving the IS/MND and MMRP; and WHEREAS, all legal prerequisites prior to adoption of this Resolution have occurred.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF INDUSTRY DOES HEREBY FIND, DETERMINE AND RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1: The above Recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by reference.

SECTION 2: All necessary public hearings and opportunities for public testimony and comment have been conducted in compliance with State law and the City’s Code.

SECTION 3:Based upon substantial evidence presented to the City Council during the June 10, 2025, special meeting, including public testimony and written and oral staff reports, and which includes without limitation, CEQA, the CEQA Guidelines, City’s Municipal Code, the City Council finds as follows:
a. The site is suitable for development in accordance with the development plan.

The site is suitable for development in accordance with the development plan in that the Project is in conformance with the City’s General Plan, Zoning Code and all applicable development standards outlined in Section 17.36.060 of the Zoning Code.

This includes setbacks, building height, parking, and landscape standards. Further, pursuant to the provisions of the General Plan, industrial uses are permitted in the Employment land use designation, and the Project does not conflict with the established goals and objectives of the Land Use Element of the General Plan. The proposed Project is an allowable use in the Employment land use designation in that an industrial building with supporting office uses is a permitted use, and the proposed Project is for the expansion of an existing industrial building. The Property has an

Resolution No. CC 2025-25
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Industrial (M) Zoning Designation. The site is currently utilized by SYSCO for the purposes of warehousing and distributing food, which is permitted in the Industrial Zone. The business is seeking to expand the square footage of the existing building.

The Project is in accord with the objectives of the Zoning Code because the Zoning Code designates the Project site as Industrial. The proposed development is consistent with the Industrial land use designation because it supports the primary use of a warehouse and distribution center for food.
b. The total development is arranged so as to avoid traffic congestion, ensure the public health, safety, and general welfare, or prevent adverse effects upon neighboring properties.

The total development is arranged to avoid traffic congestion, ensure the public health, safety, and general welfare, or prevent adverse effects upon neighboring properties, because it has been designed to minimize any potential impacts by complying with the City’s Code. Furthermore, the City’s Engineering Department has found the Project’s circulation pattern to be in conformance with local, state, and federal regulations regarding circulation and traffic pattern design. Additionally, there is adequate circulation around the Project site and the parking lot, thereby avoiding any potential traffic impacts such as congestion and/or stacking.

In addition, the San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments (SGVCOG) has developed an online VMT evaluation tool to assess whether a project is screened out from further VMT analysis. The analysis concluded that the Project did not meet the thresholds for the Transit Priority Area (TPA), Low VMT Area or Small Project screening criteria.

Therefore, a full VMT analysis was performed for the Project and concluded that the Project would result in approximately 60,100 less vehicle miles of travel weekly with the proposed expansion. This is due to the proposed expanded warehouse being able to serve the increase in local demand, rather than using warehouses located as far away as San Diego County to serve customers in Los Angeles. Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact and would not have significant conflict with a program, plan, or ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. No mitigation is required.

The Project involves expanding an existing industrial building, measuring a total of 558,737 square feet to be used for warehousing, distribution, and ancillary office purposes. The project will continue to benefit the general welfare of the community as it expands employment and business opportunities. The Project will not have a significant effect on the environment and applicable conditions of approval have been incorporated into the Project. Furthermore, the City’s building permit process ensures that any proposed building improvements are built in accordance with City standards, thus protecting the public health, safety, and welfare. Therefore, it has been determined that the Project is not detrimental to the public health, safety, or welfare, and will not have adverse effects upon neighboring properties. c. The development is in general accord with all elements of this title.

The Project site is designated Industrial (M), which is reserved for uses such as warehouses, manufacturing, and light manufacturing and assembly. The expansion of an industrial building used for warehousing, distribution, and ancillary office space, is consistent with the land uses intended for the Industrial zone. The Project site is

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surrounded by a mixture of industrial and manufacturing uses and complies with or exceeds development standards for this zone. Therefore, it has been determined that the expanded industrial building use is consistent with the Zoning Ordinance. d. The development is consistent with the provisions of the general plan or any applicable redevelopment plan.

The development is consistent with the provisions of the General Plan or any applicable redevelopment plan because the proposed building expansion is consistent with the Employment land use designation set forth in the City’s General Plan.

Permissible land uses in the Employment land use designation include such uses as distribution, warehouses, storage, and supporting ancillary uses. Additionally, the Project is consistent with General Plan Policy LU5 that states the City should provide “[h]igh quality and well-maintained properties, buildings, and infrastructure that enhance property values and encourage additional public and private investment.” The Project will provide a building expansion that is of high architectural design, along with new infrastructure that will enhance the property value due to the increase in square footage. New buildings, additions, and other structures require an appraisal from the LA County Assessor’s office. The value of new construction is added to the existing improvement assessed value.

SECTION 4: Based on the foregoing, the City Council approves Development Plan Application No. 22-05 subject to the Conditions of Approval, attached hereto as Attachment 1, and incorporated herein by reference.

SECTION 5: The provisions of this Resolution are severable and if any provision, clause, sentence, word or part thereof is held illegal, invalid, unconstitutional, or inapplicable to any person or circumstances, such illegality, invalidity, unconstitutionality, or inapplicability shall not affect or impair any of the remaining provisions, clauses, sentences, sections, words or parts thereof of the Resolution or their applicability to other persons or circumstances.

SECTION 6: That the City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution and the same shall be in full force and effect.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Industry at a special meeting held on June 10, 2025, by the following vote:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:

Cory C. Moss, Mayor
ATTEST:

Julie Gutierrez-Robles, City Clerk

DP 22-05
June 10, 2025

Attachment 1
Conditions of Approval

CITY OF INDUSTRY
Standard Requirements and Conditions of Approval
Application: Development Plan No. 22-05
Applicant: Sysco Corporation
Location: 20701 Currier Road
Conditions of Approval
Conditions of approval are unique provisions, beyond the requirements of law, the municipal code, or standard practices that are applied to a Project by the City Council per Section 17.36.080 of the Zoning Code. Please note that if the design of your Project or site conditions changes, the conditions of approval may also change. If you have any questions regarding these requirements, please contact the City of Industry.

For purposes of these conditions, the term “Property Owner” shall include any party or parties other than the Successor Agency to the Industry Urban-Development Agency, and/or the City of Industry.

PLANNING DIVISION
Development Plan Conditions

1. The Applicant and Property Owner shall file an executed and acknowledged Acceptance of Terms and Conditions of Development Plan No. 22-05 within 10 calendar days after the approval of said entitlements. The Applicant and Property Owner understand and agree that approval of the Resolution for Development Plan No. 22-05 will be of no force or effect unless such written consent is submitted to the City within the stated 10-day period.

2. Failure to comply with any of the conditions set forth herein, or as subsequently amended in writing by the City, may result in failure to obtain a building final and/or a Certificate of Occupancy until full compliance is reached. The City’s requirement for full compliance may require minor corrections and/or complete demolition of a noncompliant improvement, regardless of costs incurred, where the Project does not comply with design requirements and approvals that the Applicant agreed to when permits were pulled to construct the Project.

3. Construction plans submitted for Building Permits shall be in substantial compliance with plans approved by this action on June 10, 2025. Any modifications to the use, building, site, or Project description shall be subject to review and approval by the Planning Department and may require a separate planning entitlement review process.

Conditions of Approval
DP No. 22-05

4. A copy of the conditions of approval provided herein shall be included in the construction documentation package for the Project, which shall be continuously maintained on site during construction.

5. It shall be the responsibility of the Property Owner and Applicant to ensure that any required permits, inspections, and approvals from any regulatory agency shall be obtained from the agency concerned prior to the establishment of the use.

6. The Project uses shall always operate in a manner that is not detrimental to surrounding properties or residents by reason of lights, noise, activities, parking, or other actions.

7. All building corners shall be established by a licensed surveyor prior to construction of the foundation.

8. Prior to issuance of a building permit, the Applicant shall submit a Lighting Plan showing locations and height of all exterior lighting fixtures with arrows showing the direction of light being cast by each fixture for review and approval of the City of Industry Planning Department, the Los Angeles County Building and Safety Department and the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department.

9. The Lighting Plan shall ensure any exterior night lighting installed on the Project site is of low intensity, low glare design, minimum height, and shall be hooded to direct light downward onto the subject lot and prevent spill-over onto adjacent lots. The fixtures will be reviewed for quality, aesthetics, illumination values, sustainability values such as LED and shall be decoratively and architecturally consistent with the building design.

The location, height, style, and design shall be reviewed and approved by the City of Industry Planning Department and the Los Angeles County Building and Safety Department.

10. A complete landscape/irrigation package prepared by a landscape architect licensed by the State of California shall be reviewed and approved by the City of Industry Planning Department prior to issuance of building permit. The plans shall include the following elements: a. Water conservation concept statement. b. Calculation of maximum applied water allowance. c. Calculation of estimated total water use. d.

Landscape design plan. e. Irrigation design plan. f. Certificate of substantial completion. g. The landscape plan shall demonstrate compliance with Zoning Ordinance requirements related to minimum dimensions and percentages of landscaping in parking areas, including required front yard setback landscaping.

11. Prior to the issuance of certificate of occupancy, the Applicant shall install said landscaping and irrigation system and shall have a licensed landscape architect or licensed landscape contractor, certify in writing that it was installed in accordance with the approved plan. Said written certification shall be submitted to the Planning Department.

Conditions of Approval
DP No. 22-05

12. The landscape irrigation system shall be designed to accept recycled water from future recycled water lines, which are currently being planned to be in the area. The irrigation plan, which is submitted to the City for approval per Chapter 13.18 of the Municipal Code, shall be designed and clearly noted to allow the transition from potable water to recycled water when and if recycled water lines are eventually installed in the immediate vicinity.

13. All irrigation systems shall function properly, and landscaping shall be maintained in a healthy and thriving condition. The maintenance of landscaping and the irrigation system shall be permanently provided for all areas of the Project site, as well as walkways and the portion of public rights-of-way abutting the Project site. Furthermore, the plans shall identify responsibility for the continued maintenance.

14. Trash enclosures shall be provided with three decorative walls, enhanced wall caps, a pedestrian entrance, a gate, and a structural steel cover, in a style compatible with the structure’s architecture. The gate shall be maintained in working order and shall remain closed except when it is in use.

15. Storage use and removal of toxic substances, solid waste, and flammable liquids shall conform to all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. All required licensing shall always be maintained.

16. All proposed mechanical units, air conditioning equipment, blowers, make-up air units, ducts, etc. shall be shown on the building permit plans. The Applicant shall effectively screen from view all ducts, blowers, air conditioning equipment, and any other mechanical equipment, whether on the structure, on the ground, or on the roof, with materials architecturally compatible with the building. Screening details shall be shown on the plans submitted for issuance of building permits, the adequacy of which shall be determined by the Planning Department. All required screening shall be provided prior to occupancy. The construction plans shall include appropriate elevations and crosssection drawings demonstrating how such equipment is to be screened from view (include dimensions, materials, colors, etc.).

17. All ground mounted utility structures such as transformers and back flow prevention valves shall be located out of view from a public street or screened using landscaping and/or masonry walls.

18. A bumper guard or wheel stops shall be provided, where necessary, to protect the structure or parked vehicle.

19. The Applicant, and/or Property Owner shall arrange for a final inspection by representatives of the City of Industry Planning Department, the Los Angeles County Building and Safety Department, the City of Industry Public Works Department, and the Los Angeles County Fire Department prior to the release of occupancy. Any discrepancy between the approved plans and the field conditions shall be remedied prior to occupancy such that the field condition is consistent with the approved plans.

20. Pedestrian paths shall be maintained in such manner to allow the safe and convenient

Conditions of Approval
DP No. 22-05

passage of people across drive aisles. Pedestrian pathways shall be clearly marked with paint and/or enhanced paving materials and designated with adequate and appropriate signage. Pedestrian pathways adjacent to the drive aisles shall be separated by a raised curb or other device to ensure a safe and adequate separation between pedestrians and motor vehicles.

21. Prior to any permit issuance, the Applicant shall provide a letter to the Planning Department that certifies that the following will be adhered to during all stages of development:
• All equipment used on site meets the EPA Tier 4 Interim emissions standards for off-road diesel-powered construction equipment with more than 50 horsepower, unless it can be demonstrated to the City that such equipment is not available. Any emissions control device used by the contractor shall achieve emissions reductions that are no less than what could be achieved by a Level 4 diesel emissions control strategy for a similarly sized engine, as defined by CARB’s regulations.
• All equipment used on site has emission noise control parts in place and has not been altered in any way from their initial condition as delivered from the factory.
• A list of all operating equipment in use on the construction site including the make, model, and numbers of each piece of equipment.
• All equipment shall be properly serviced and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
• All nonessential idling of construction equipment is limited to no more than five minutes or less in compliance with Section 2449 of the California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Article 4.8, Chapter 9.

22. Prior to issuance of grading permits, Applicant shall identify to the Planning Department a construction relations officer to function as a community liaison concerning on-site activity, including resolution of issues related to dust generation from grading/paving activities.

23. Electronic gates shall be equipped with a Knox electric switch and an alternative energy back-up system, such as a generator or battery, which would allow operation of the security gate(s) during an electrical power outage. Access through the gates shall be provided for both the Los Angeles County Fire and Sheriff Departments. The location of Knox boxes shall be shown on the building plans and approved by both the Los Angeles County Fire Department and the Los Angeles County Sheriff Department.

24. A note shall be added to the building plans stating that the construction contractor shall only use interior and exterior paints with a VOC content of 90 grams per liter (g/L) or less for the building structures to reduce VOC emissions. Prior to issuance of building permits, the construction contractor shall provide documentation to the satisfaction of

Conditions of Approval
DP No. 22-05

the Planning Department that verifies use of coatings with a VOC content of 90 g/L or less.

25. The Applicant/Property Owner shall comply with all surface drainage and driveway requirements set forth in the City's Code.

26. The Applicant/Property Owner shall implement a 24-hour, 7 day a week truck check-in process.

27. Vehicle stacking will only be allowed on site and not on the public streets, Currier Road or S. Lemon Avenue.

28. The Applicant will ensure that all trucks be checked in within the gated Property to prevent excessive traffic or queuing on public streets.

29. No waiting/queuing shall be permitted, which would obstruct access into or out of any off-street parking space on the property.

30. The Applicant shall comply with all the requirements set forth in the mitigation measures of the MND for the Project. In the event of any conflict between the Conditions of Approval set forth herein and those set forth in the MND, the mitigation measures set forth in the MND shall prevail.

Mitigation Measures

31. CUL-1 Inadvertent Archaeological Discovery
If previously unidentified cultural materials are unearthed during construction, work shall be halted in that area until a qualified archaeologist can assess the significance of the find. If human remains are encountered, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be prehistoric, the Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify the Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials.

32. GEO-1: Grading
The Project shall incorporate applicable recommendations provided in the Geotechnical Investigation prepared by Southern California Geotechnical, dated June 13, 2023 (Appendix I). The recommendations are presented in Section 6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations of the report under the following subheadings: Seismic Design Considerations, Geotechnical Design Considerations, Site Grading Recommendations, Construction Considerations, Foundation Design and construction,