Agenda packet — Clovis City Council, March 6, 2023 (part 5 of 5)

Species
Element Code
Federal Status
State Status
Global Rank
State Rank
Rare Plant
Rank/CDFW
SSC or FP
Efferia antiochi
Antioch efferian robberfly
IIDIP07010
None
None
G1G2
S1S2
Egretta thula
snowy egret
ABNGA06030
None
None
G5
S4
Emys marmorata
western pond turtle
ARAAD02030
None
None
G3G4
S3
SSC
Eremophila alpestris actia
California horned lark
ABPAT02011
None
None
G5T4Q
S4
WL
Eryngium spinosepalum
spiny-sepaled button-celery
PDAPI0Z0Y0
None
None
G2
S2
1B.2
Euderma maculatum
spotted bat
AMACC07010
None
None
G4
S3
SSC
Eumops perotis californicus
western mastiff bat
AMACD02011
None
None
G4G5T4
S3S4
SSC
Gonidea angulata
western ridged mussel
IMBIV19010
None
None
G3
S1S2
Great Valley Mixed Riparian Forest
Great Valley Mixed Riparian Forest
CTT61420CA
None
None
G2
S2.2
Imperata brevifolia
California satintail
PMPOA3D020
None
None
G4
S3
2B.1
Lagophylla dichotoma
forked hare-leaf
PDAST5J070
None
None
G2
S2
1B.1
Lasiurus cinereus
hoary bat
AMACC05030
None
None
G3G4
S4
Leptosiphon serrulatus
Madera leptosiphon
PDPLM09130
None
None
G3
S3
1B.2
Linderiella occidentalis
California linderiella
ICBRA06010
None
None
G2G3
S2S3
Lytta moesta
moestan blister beetle
IICOL4C020
None
None
G2
S2
Lytta molesta
molestan blister beetle
IICOL4C030
None
None
G2
S2
Metapogon hurdi
Hurd's metapogon robberfly
IIDIP08010
None
None
G1G2
S1S2
Mylopharodon conocephalus
hardhead
AFCJB25010
None
None
G3
S3
SSC
Nannopterum auritum
double-crested cormorant
ABNFD01020
None
None
G5
S4
WL
Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
pincushion navarretia
PDPLM0C0X1
None
None
G2T2
S2
1B.1
Northern Claypan Vernal Pool
Northern Claypan Vernal Pool
CTT44120CA
None
None
G1
S1.1
Report Printed on Tuesday, May 10, 2022

Page 2 of 3 ends

Species
Element Code
Federal Status
State Status
Global Rank
State Rank
Rare Plant
Rank/CDFW
SSC or FP
Northern Hardpan Vernal Pool
Northern Hardpan Vernal Pool
CTT44110CA
None
None
G3
S3.1
Nycticorax nycticorax
black-crowned night heron
ABNGA11010
None
None
G5
S4
Orcuttia inaequalis
San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass
PMPOA4G060
Threatened
Endangered
G1
S1
1B.1
Orcuttia pilosa
hairy Orcutt grass
PMPOA4G040
Endangered
Endangered
G1
S1
1B.1
Perognathus inornatus
San Joaquin pocket mouse
AMAFD01060
None
None
G2G3
S2S3
Phrynosoma blainvillii
coast horned lizard
ARACF12100
None
None
G3G4
S3S4
SSC
Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Hartweg's golden sunburst
PDAST7P010
Endangered
Endangered
G1
S1
1B.1
Pseudobahia peirsonii
San Joaquin adobe sunburst
PDAST7P030
Threatened
Endangered
G1
S1
1B.1
Sagittaria sanfordii
Sanford's arrowhead
PMALI040Q0
None
None
G3
S3
1B.2
Spea hammondii
western spadefoot
AAABF02020
None
None
G2G3
S3
SSC
Sycamore Alluvial Woodland
Sycamore Alluvial Woodland
CTT62100CA
None
None
G1
S1.1
Taxidea taxus
American badger
AMAJF04010
None
None
G5
S3
SSC
Tuctoria greenei
Greene's tuctoria
PMPOA6N010
Endangered
Rare
G1
S1
1B.1
Vireo bellii pusillus
least Bell's vireo
ABPBW01114
Endangered
Endangered
G5T2
S2
Vulpes macrotis mutica
San Joaquin kit fox
AMAJA03041
Endangered
Threatened
G4T2
S2
Record Count: 55
Report Printed on Tuesday, May 10, 2022

Page 3 of 3 ends

Commercial Version -- Dated May, 1 2022 -- Biogeographic Data Branch Information Expires 11/1/2022
Selected Elements by Scientific Name
California Department of Fish and
Wildlife
California Natural Diversity Database
722
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:32 AM CNPS Rare Plant Inventory | Search Results https://rareplants.cnps.org/Search/result?frm=T&crpr=1A:1B:2A:2B:3&qsl=9&quad=3611966:3611965:3611976:3611975:3611986:3611985:3611967:3611987:3611977: 1/2 Search Results
CNPS Rare Plant Inventory
16 matches found. Click on scientific name for details
Search Criteria: CRPR is one of [1A:1B:2A:2B:3] , 9-Quad include [3611966:3611965:3611976:3611975:3611986:3611985:3611967:3611987:3611977] ▲ SCIENTIFIC
NAME
COMMON

NAME FAMILY LIFEFORM

BLOOMING
PERIOD
FED
LIST
STATE
LIST
GLOBAL
RANK
STATE
RANK

CA RARE
PLANT

RANK PHOTO
Calycadenia
hooveri
Hoover's
calycadenia
Asteraceae annual herb Jul-Sep None None G2 S2 1B.3
No Photo
Available
Carex comosa bristly sedge Cyperaceae perennial
rhizomatous herb
May-Sep None None G5 S2 2B.1
Dean Wm.

Taylor 1997
Castilleja
campestris var.
succulenta
succulent
owl's-clover
Orobanchaceae annual herb
(hemiparasitic)
(Mar)Apr-
May
FT CE G4?
T2T3
S2S3 1B.2
No Photo
Available
Caulanthus
californicus
California
jewelflower
Brassicaceae annual herb Feb-May FE CE G1 S1 1B.1
No Photo
Available
Downingia
pusilla
dwarf
downingia
Campanulaceae annual herb Mar-May None None GU S2 2B.2
No Photo
Available
Eryngium
spinosepalum
spiny-sepaled
button-celery
Apiaceae annual/perennial
herb
Apr-Jun None None G2 S2 1B.2
No Photo
Available
Imperata
brevifolia
California
satintail
Poaceae perennial
rhizomatous herb
Sep-May None None G4 S3 2B.1
© 2020
Matt C.

Berger
Lagophylla
dichotoma
forked hare-
leaf
Asteraceae annual herb Apr-May None None G2 S2 1B.1
© 2010
Chris
Winchell
Leptosiphon
serrulatus
Madera
leptosiphon
Polemoniaceae annual herb Apr-May None None G3 S3 1B.2
© 2008
Chris
Winchell
Navarretia
myersii ssp.
myersii
pincushion
navarretia
Polemoniaceae annual herb Apr-May None None G2T2 S2 1B.1 © 2020 723
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:32 AM CNPS Rare Plant Inventory | Search Results https://rareplants.cnps.org/Search/result?frm=T&crpr=1A:1B:2A:2B:3&qsl=9&quad=3611966:3611965:3611976:3611975:3611986:3611985:3611967:3611987:3611977: 2/2 y
Leigh
Johnson
Orcuttia
inaequalis
San Joaquin
Valley Orcutt
grass
Poaceae annual herb Apr-Sep FT CE G1 S1 1B.1
No Photo
Available
Orcuttia pilosa hairy Orcutt
grass
Poaceae annual herb May-Sep FE CE G1 S1 1B.1
© 2003
George W.

Hartwell
Pseudobahia
bahiifolia
Hartweg's
golden
sunburst
Asteraceae annual herb Mar-Apr FE CE G1 S1 1B.1
No Photo
Available
Pseudobahia
peirsonii
San Joaquin
adobe
sunburst
Asteraceae annual herb Feb-Apr FT CE G1 S1 1B.1
No Photo
Available
Sagittaria
sanfordii
Sanford's
arrowhead
Alismataceae perennial
rhizomatous herb
(emergent)
May-
Oct(Nov)
None None G3 S3 1B.2
©2013
Debra L.

Cook
Tuctoria greenei Greene's
tuctoria
Poaceae annual herb May-
Jul(Sep)
FE CR G1 S1 1B.1
©2008 F.

Gauna
Showing 1 to 16 of 16 entries
Suggested Citation:

California Native Plant Society, Rare Plant Program. 2022. Rare Plant Inventory (online edition, v9-01 1.5). Website https://www.rareplants.cnps.org [accessed 10 May 2022].

ABOUT THIS WEBSITE
About the Inventory
Release Notes
Advanced Search
Glossary

ABOUT CNPS
About the Rare Plant Program
CNPS Home Page
About CNPS
Join CNPS

CONTRIBUTORS
The Calflora Database
The California Lichen Society
California Natural Diversity
Database
The Jepson Flora Project
The Consortium of California
Herbaria
CalPhotos
Copyright © 2010-2022 California Native Plant Society. All rights reserved. 724
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 1/14 IPaC resource list
This report is an automatically generated list of species and other resources such as critical habitat (collectively referred to as trust resources) under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) jurisdiction that are known or expected to be on or near the project area referenced below. The list may also include trust resources that occur outside of the project area, but that could potentially be directly or indirectly aected by activities in the project area.

However, determining the likelihood and extent of eects a project may have on trust resources typically requires gathering additional site-specic (e.g., vegetation/species surveys) and project-specic (e.g., magnitude and timing of proposed activities) information.

Below is a summary of the project information you provided and contact information for the USFWS oce(s) with jurisdiction in the dened project area. Please read the introduction to each section that follows (Endangered Species, Migratory Birds, USFWS Facilities, and NWI Wetlands) for additional information applicable to the trust resources addressed in that section.

Location
Fresno County, California
Local oce
Sacramento Fish And Wildlife Oce
 (916) 414-6600
 (916) 414-6713
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
IPaC
725
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 2/14 Federal Building
2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2605
Sacramento, CA 95825-1846
726
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 3/14 Endangered species
This resource list is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an analysis of project level impacts.

The primary information used to generate this list is the known or expected range of each species. Additional areas of inuence (AOI) for species are also considered. An AOI includes areas outside of the species range if the species could be indirectly aected by activities in that area (e.g., placing a dam upstream of a sh population even if that sh does not occur at the dam site, may indirectly impact the species by reducing or eliminating water ow downstream). Because species can move, and site conditions can change, the species on this list are not guaranteed to be found on or near the project area. To fully determine any potential eects to species, additional site-specic and project-specic information is often required.

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act requires Federal agencies to "request of the Secretary information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of such proposed action" for any project that is conducted, permitted, funded, or licensed by any Federal agency. A letter from the local oce and a species list which fullls this requirement can only be obtained by requesting an ocial species list from either the Regulatory Review section in IPaC (see directions below) or from the local eld oce directly.

For project evaluations that require USFWS concurrence/review, please return to the IPaC website and request an ocial species list by doing the following:

1. Draw the project location and click CONTINUE.

2. Click DEFINE PROJECT.

3. Log in (if directed to do so).

4. Provide a name and description for your project.

5. Click REQUEST SPECIES LIST.

Listed species and their critical habitats are managed by the Ecological Services Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the sheries division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA Fisheries).

Species and critical habitats under the sole responsibility of NOAA Fisheries are not shown on this list. Please contact NOAA Fisheries for species under their jurisdiction.

1. Species listed under the Endangered Species Actare threatened or endangered; IPaC also shows species that are candidates, or proposed, for listing. See the listing status page for more information. IPaC only shows species that are regulated by USFWS (see FAQ). 1 2
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 4/14

2. NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an oce of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of Commerce.

The following species are potentially aected by activities in this location:

Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians

NAME STATUS
Fresno Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys nitratoides exilis
Wherever found
There is nal critical habitat for this species.The location of the critical habitat is not available.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5150
Endangered
San Joaquin Kit Fox Vulpes macrotis mutica
Wherever found
No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2873
Endangered

NAME STATUS
Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus
There is nal critical habitat for this species.The location of the critical habitat is not available.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3911
Threatened

NAME STATUS
Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard Gambelia silus
Wherever found
No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/625
Endangered
Giant Garter Snake Thamnophis gigas
Wherever found
No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4482
Threatened
728
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 5/14 Fishes
Insects
Crustaceans
Flowering Plants

NAME STATUS
California Tiger Salamander Ambystoma californiense
There is nal critical habitat for this species.The location of the critical habitat is not available.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2076
Threatened

NAME STATUS
Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacicus
Wherever found
There is nal critical habitat for this species.The location of the critical habitat is not available.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/321
Threatened

NAME STATUS
Monarch Buttery Danaus plexippus
Wherever found
No critical habitat has been designated for this species. https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9743
Candidate

NAME STATUS
Conservancy Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta conservatio
Wherever found
There is nal critical habitat for this species.The location of the critical habitat is not available.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8246
Endangered
Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta lynchi
Wherever found
There is nal critical habitat for this species.The location of the critical habitat is not available.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/498
Threatened

NAME STATUS
729
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 6/14 Critical habitats
Potential eects to critical habitat(s) in this location must be analyzed along with the endangered species themselves.

THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS AT THIS LOCATION.

Migratory birds
The birds listed below are birds of particular concern either because they occur on the USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) list or warrant special attention in your project location. To learn more about the levels of concern for birds on your list and how this list is generated, see the FAQ below. This is not a list of every bird you may nd in this location, nor a guarantee that every bird on this list will be found in your project area. To see exact locations of where birders and the general public have sighted birds in and around Greene's Tuctoria Tuctoria greenei
Wherever found
There is nal critical habitat for this species.The location of the critical habitat is not available.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1573
Endangered
Certain birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.

Any person or organization who plans or conducts activities that may result in impacts to migratory birds, eagles, and their habitats should follow appropriate regulations and consider implementing appropriate conservation measures, as described below.

1. The Migratory Birds Treaty Act of 1918.

2. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940.

Additional information can be found using the following links:

Birds of Conservation Concern https://www.fws.gov/program/migratory-birds/species Measures for avoiding and minimizing impacts to birds
https://www.fws.gov/library/collections/avoiding-and-minimizing-incidental-take- migratory-birds
Nationwide conservation measures for birds
https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/les/documents/nationwide-standard-conservation- measures.pdf
1 2
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 7/14 your project area, visit the E-bird data mapping tool (Tip: enter your location, desired date range and a species on your list). For projects that occur o the Atlantic Coast, additional maps and models detailing the relative occurrence and abundance of bird species on your list are available. Links to additional information about Atlantic Coast birds, and other important information about your migratory bird list, including how to properly interpret and use your migratory bird report, can be found below.

For guidance on when to schedule activities or implement avoidance and minimization measures to reduce impacts to migratory birds on your list, click on the PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE SUMMARY at the top of your list to see when these birds are most likely to be present and breeding in your project area.

NAME BREEDING SEASON (IF A

BREEDING SEASON IS

INDICATED FOR A BIRD ON

YOUR LIST, THE BIRD MAY

BREED IN YOUR PROJECT AREA

SOMETIME WITHIN THE

TIMEFRAME SPECIFIED, WHICH

IS A VERY LIBERAL ESTIMATE

OF THE DATES INSIDE WHICH

THE BIRD BREEDS ACROSS ITS
ENTIRE RANGE. "BREEDS
ELSEWHERE" INDICATES THAT

THE BIRD DOES NOT LIKELY

BREED IN YOUR PROJECT
AREA.)
Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas sinuosa
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2084
Breeds May 20 to Jul 31
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos
This is not a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) in this area, but warrants attention because of the Eagle Act or for potential susceptibilities in oshore areas from certain types of development or activities.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1680
Breeds Jan 1 to Aug 31
Nuttall's Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9410
Breeds Apr 1 to Jul 20
731
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 8/14 Probability of Presence Summary
The graphs below provide our best understanding of when birds of concern are most likely to be present in your project area. This information can be used to tailor and schedule your project activities to avoid or minimize impacts to birds. Please make sure you read and understand the FAQ "Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report" before using or attempting to interpret this report.

Probability of Presence()
Each green bar represents the bird's relative probability of presence in the 10km grid cell(s) your project overlaps during a particular week of the year. (A year is represented as 12 4- week months.) A taller bar indicates a higher probability of species presence. The survey eort (see below) can be used to establish a level of condence in the presence score. One can have higher condence in the presence score if the corresponding survey eort is also high.

How is the probability of presence score calculated? The calculation is done in three steps:

1. The probability of presence for each week is calculated as the number of survey events in the week where the species was detected divided by the total number of survey events for that week. For example, if in week 12 there were 20 survey events and the Spotted Towhee was found in 5 of them, the probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is 0.25.

2. To properly present the pattern of presence across the year, the relative probability of presence is calculated. This is the probability of presence divided by the maximum probability of presence across all weeks. For example, imagine the probability of presence in week 20 for the Spotted Towhee is 0.05, and that the probability of presence at week 12 (0.25) is the maximum of any week of the year. The relative probability of presence on week 12 is 0.25/0.25 = 1; at week 20 it is 0.05/0.25 = 0.2.

3. The relative probability of presence calculated in the previous step undergoes a statistical conversion so that all possible values fall between 0 and 10, inclusive. This is the probability of presence score.

To see a bar's probability of presence score, simply hover your mouse cursor over the bar.

Breeding Season ()
Yellow bars denote a very liberal estimate of the time-frame inside which the bird breeds across its entire range. If there are no yellow bars shown for a bird, it does not breed in your project area.

Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3910
Breeds Mar 15 to Aug 10
732
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 9/14 no data survey eort breeding season probability of presence Survey Eort ()
Vertical black lines superimposed on probability of presence bars indicate the number of surveys performed for that species in the 10km grid cell(s) your project area overlaps. The number of surveys is expressed as a range, for example, 33 to 64 surveys.

To see a bar's survey eort range, simply hover your mouse cursor over the bar.

No Data ()
A week is marked as having no data if there were no survey events for that week.

Survey Timeframe
Surveys from only the last 10 years are used in order to ensure delivery of currently relevant information. The exception to this is areas o the Atlantic coast, where bird returns are based on all years of available data, since data in these areas is currently much more sparse.

SPECIES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Common
Yellowthroat
BCC - BCR (This
is a Bird of
Conservation
Concern (BCC)
only in
particular Bird
Conservation
Regions (BCRs)
in the
continental
USA)
Golden Eagle
Non-BCC
Vulnerable
(This is not a
Bird of
Conservation
Concern (BCC)
in this area, but
warrants
attention
because of the
Eagle Act or for
potential
susceptibilities
in oshore
areas from
certain types of
development
or activities.)
733
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 10/14 Nuttall's
Woodpecker
BCC - BCR (This
is a Bird of
Conservation
Concern (BCC)
only in
particular Bird
Conservation
Regions (BCRs)
in the
continental
USA)
Tricolored
Blackbird
BCC Rangewide
(CON) (This is a
Bird of
Conservation
Concern (BCC)
throughout its
range in the
continental
USA and
Alaska.)
Tell me more about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds.

Nationwide Conservation Measuresdescribes measures that can help avoid and minimize impacts to all birds at any location year round. Implementation of these measures is particularly important when birds are most likely to occur in the project area. When birds may be breeding in the area, identifying the locations of any active nests and avoiding their destruction is a very helpful impact minimization measure.

To see when birds are most likely to occur and be breeding in your project area, view the Probability of Presence Summary. Additional measuresor permits may be advisable depending on the type of activity you are conducting and the type of infrastructure or bird species present on your project site.

What does IPaC use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specied location? The Migratory Bird Resource List is comprised of USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC)and other species that may warrant special attention in your project location.

The migratory bird list generated for your project is derived from data provided by the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN). The AKN data is based on a growing collection of survey, banding, and citizen science datasetsand is queried and ltered to return a list of those birds reported as occurring in the 10km grid cell(s) which your project intersects, and that have been identied as warranting special attention because they are a BCC species in that area, an eagle (Eagle Actrequirements may apply), or a species that has a particular vulnerability to oshore activities or development.

Again, the Migratory Bird Resource list includes only a subset of birds that may occur in your project area.

It is not representative of all birds that may occur in your project area. To get a list of all birds potentially present in your project area, please visit the AKN Phenology Tool. 734
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 11/14 What does IPaC use to generate the probability of presence graphs for the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specied location?
The probability of presence graphs associated with your migratory bird list are based on data provided by the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN). This data is derived from a growing collection of survey, banding, and citizen science datasets .

Probability of presence data is continuously being updated as new and better information becomes available. To learn more about how the probability of presence graphs are produced and how to interpret them, go the Probability of Presence Summary and then click on the "Tell me about these graphs" link.

How do I know if a bird is breeding, wintering, migrating or present year-round in my project area? To see what part of a particular bird's range your project area falls within (i.e. breeding, wintering, migrating or year-round), you may refer to the following resources: The Cornell Lab of Ornithology All About Birds Bird Guide, or (if you are unsuccessful in locating the bird of interest there), the Cornell Lab of Ornithology Neotropical Birds guide. If a bird on your migratory bird species list has a breeding season associated with it, if that bird does occur in your project area, there may be nests present at some point within the timeframe specied. If "Breeds elsewhere" is indicated, then the bird likely does not breed in your project area.

What are the levels of concern for migratory birds?
Migratory birds delivered through IPaC fall into the following distinct categories of concern:

1. "BCC Rangewide" birds are Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) that are of concern throughout their range anywhere within the USA (including Hawaii, the Pacic Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands);

2. "BCC - BCR" birds are BCCs that are of concern only in particular Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA; and

3. "Non-BCC - Vulnerable" birds are not BCC species in your project area, but appear on your list either because of the Eagle Actrequirements (for eagles) or (for non-eagles) potential susceptibilities in oshore areas from certain types of development or activities (e.g. oshore energy development or longline shing).

Although it is important to try to avoid and minimize impacts to all birds, eorts should be made, in particular, to avoid and minimize impacts to the birds on this list, especially eagles and BCC species of rangewide concern. For more information on conservation measures you can implement to help avoid and minimize migratory bird impacts and requirements for eagles, please see the FAQs for these topics.

Details about birds that are potentially aected by oshore projects For additional details about the relative occurrence and abundance of both individual bird species and groups of bird species within your project area o the Atlantic Coast, please visit the Northeast Ocean Data Portal. The Portal also oers data and information about other taxa besides birds that may be helpful to you in your project review. Alternately, you may download the bird model results les underlying the portal maps through the NOAA NCCOS Integrative Statistical Modeling and Predictive Mapping of Marine Bird Distributions and Abundance on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelfproject webpage. 735
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5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 12/14 Bird tracking data can also provide additional details about occurrence and habitat use throughout the year, including migration. Models relying on survey data may not include this information. For additional information on marine bird tracking data, see the Diving Bird Studyand the nanotag studiesor contact Caleb Spiegel or Pam Loring.

What if I have eagles on my list?
If your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles, you may need to obtain a permitto avoid violating the Eagle Act should such impacts occur.

Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report The migratory bird list generated is not a list of all birds in your project area, only a subset of birds of priority concern. To learn more about how your list is generated, and see options for identifying what other birds may be in your project area, please see the FAQ "What does IPaC use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specied location". Please be aware this report provides the "probability of presence" of birds within the 10 km grid cell(s) that overlap your project; not your exact project footprint. On the graphs provided, please also look carefully at the survey eort (indicated by the black vertical bar) and for the existence of the "no data" indicator (a red horizontal bar). A high survey eort is the key component. If the survey eort is high, then the probability of presence score can be viewed as more dependable. In contrast, a low survey eort bar or no data bar means a lack of data and, therefore, a lack of certainty about presence of the species. This list is not perfect; it is simply a starting point for identifying what birds of concern have the potential to be in your project area, when they might be there, and if they might be breeding (which means nests might be present). The list helps you know what to look for to conrm presence, and helps guide you in knowing when to implement conservation measures to avoid or minimize potential impacts from your project activities, should presence be conrmed. To learn more about conservation measures, visit the FAQ "Tell me about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds" at the bottom of your migratory bird trust resources page.

Coastal Barrier Resources System
Projects within the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS) may be subject to the restrictions on federal expenditures and nancial assistance and the consultation requirements of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) (16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). For more information, please contact the local Ecological Services Field Oce or visit the CBRA Consultations website. The CBRA website provides tools such as a ow chart to help determine whether consultation is required and a template to facilitate the consultation process.

THERE ARE NO KNOWN COASTAL BARRIERS AT THIS LOCATION.

Data limitations
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5/10/22, 8:28 AM IPaC: Explore Location resources
https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 13/14 The CBRS boundaries used in IPaC are representations of the controlling boundaries, which are depicted on the ocial CBRS maps. The boundaries depicted in this layer are not to be considered authoritative for in/out determinations close to a CBRS boundary (i.e., within the "CBRS Buer Zone" that appears as a hatched area on either side of the boundary). For projects that are very close to a CBRS boundary but do not clearly intersect a unit, you may contact the Service for an ocial determination by following the instructions here: https://www.fws.gov/service/coastal-barrier-resources-system-property-documentation Data exclusions
CBRS units extend seaward out to either the 20- or 30-foot bathymetric contour (depending on the location of the unit). The true seaward extent of the units is not shown in the CBRS data, therefore projects in the oshore areas of units (e.g., dredging, breakwaters, oshore wind energy or oil and gas projects) may be subject to CBRA even if they do not intersect the CBRS data. For additional information, please contact [email protected].

Facilities
National Wildlife Refuge lands
Any activity proposed on lands managed by the National Wildlife Refuge system must undergo a 'Compatibility Determination' conducted by the Refuge. Please contact the individual Refuges to discuss any questions or concerns.

THERE ARE NO REFUGE LANDS AT THIS LOCATION.

Fish hatcheries
THERE ARE NO FISH HATCHERIES AT THIS LOCATION.

Wetlands in the National Wetlands Inventory
Impacts to NWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal statutes.

For more information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.S. Army Corps of Engineers District.

WETLAND INFORMATION IS NOT AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME
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https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/GXFAOXEEZREU3FDJ6WQCRBISIU/resources 14/14 This can happen when the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) map service is unavailable, or for very large projects that intersect many wetland areas. Try again, or visit the NWI mapto view wetlands at this location.

Data limitations
The Service's objective of mapping wetlands and deepwater habitats is to produce reconnaissance level information on the location, type and size of these resources. The maps are prepared from the analysis of high altitude imagery. Wetlands are identied based on vegetation, visible hydrology and geography. A margin of error is inherent in the use of imagery; thus, detailed on-the-ground inspection of any particular site may result in revision of the wetland boundaries or classication established through image analysis.

The accuracy of image interpretation depends on the quality of the imagery, the experience of the image analysts, the amount and quality of the collateral data and the amount of ground truth verication work conducted. Metadata should be consulted to determine the date of the source imagery used and any mapping problems.

Wetlands or other mapped features may have changed since the date of the imagery or eld work. There may be occasional dierences in polygon boundaries or classications between the information depicted on the map and the actual conditions on site.

Data exclusions
Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and nearshore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tubercid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery.

Data precautions
Federal, state, and local regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over wetlands may dene and describe wetlands in a dierent manner than that used in this inventory. There is no attempt, in either the design or products of this inventory, to dene the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any Federal, state, or local government or to establish the geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies.

Persons intending to engage in activities involving modications within or adjacent to wetland areas should seek the advice of appropriate federal, state, or local agencies concerning specied agency regulatory programs and proprietary jurisdictions that may aect such activities. 738
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CARLSBAD
CLOVIS
IRVINE

LOS ANGELES

PALM SPRINGS

POINT RICHMOND

RIVERSIDE

ROSEVILLE

SAN LUIS OBISPO
285 South Street, Suite P, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805.782.0745 www.lsa.net

July 13, 2022
Nicholas Crawford, AIA
Crawford Architecture & Planning
1755 Herndon Avenue, Suite 103
Clovis, CA 93611

Subject: Archaeological Resources Survey Assessment for the 1491 Alluvial Avenue Project in Clovis, Fresno County, California (LSA Project SLM2201) Dear Mr. Crawford:

LSA conducted an archaeological resources survey assessment (study) for the proposed 1491 Alluvial Avenue Project (project) in Clovis, Fresno County, California. The project site is currently developed with a single-family residential home, and the proposed project would involve demolition of the existing home and development of 12 multifamily apartment units. Study work was completed per the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970 (CEQA).

This study has the following purposes: (1) identify archaeological deposits that may meet the CEQA definition of a historical resource (California Public Resources Code [PRC] Section 21084.1) or a unique archaeological resource (PRC Section 21083.2) and that may be impacted by the proposed project; (2) assess the potential for human remains; and (3) recommend procedures for avoiding or mitigating impacts to such deposits, if warranted. The study consisted of background research and a field survey and was conducted by LSA Associate/Senior Cultural Resources Manager Kerrie Collison, M.A., Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) 28731436.

PROJECT SITE LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTICS
The approximately 1-acre project site, which is also the study site, is depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Clovis, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map in Section 33 of Township 12 South, Range 21 East, Mount Diablo Baseline and Meridian (USGS 1981; Figure 1 [all figures provided in Attachment B). It is located within Assessor’s Parcel Number 563-142-35, on the north side of Alluvial Avenue between North Sunnyside Avenue and North Fordham Avenue (Figure 2).

The project site is flat and is at an elevation of approximately 375 feet. The nearest year-round freshwater source is Dry Creek, which is 0.6 mile west of the project site. Soil surveys (USDA n.d.) indicate that the project site consists of San Joaquin sandy loam sediments, which are terraces and fan remnants derived from granite that typically consist of sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and clay 19 to 25 inches below the surface, with duripan (a cemented hardpan) below. Surficial sediments of the project site overlay geologic deposits, specifically alluvium, lake, playa, and terrace deposits that date to the Pleistocene (2.58 million to 11,700 years ago) and Holocene (11,700 years ago to present) (CGS 2015).
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7/13/22 «\\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\SLM2201-1491_Alluvial\BACKGROUND\Cultural\Archaeo\Letter report\1491 Alluvial Ave archaeo report.docx» 2 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center
A record search of the project site and a 0.5-mile search radius was conducted on May 23, 2022, by Jeremy E. David, Assistant Coordinator at the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (SSJVIC) of the California Historical Resources Information System at California State University, Bakersfield (SSJVIC Records Search File No. 22-203). The SSJVIC, an affiliate of the California Office of Historic Preservation, is the official repository of cultural resources records and reports for Fresno County. The record search results (Attachment C) indicate that no previous cultural resources studies have included a portion of the project site. Eight previous cultural resources studies have included a portion of the 0.5-mile radius of the project site; all of these studies have been field surveys. As a result of previous cultural resources studies, no cultural resources have been recorded within the project site or the 0.5-mile radius.

Native American Heritage Commission
On May 10, 2022, LSA submitted a request to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to request a review of the Sacred Lands File (SLF) for the presence of Native American cultural resources that might be impacted by the proposed project. The NAHC maintains the SLF database and is the official State repository of Native American sacred-site location records in California.

NAHC Cultural Resources Analyst Cameron Vela responded on July 6, 2022, stating that the results of the SLF search were negative (Attachment D). The NAHC also provided a suggested list of Native American individuals to contact for information regarding the project site.

Aerial Photographs and Maps
Aerial photographs and historic maps that include the project site were also reviewed (USGS n.d.; NETR n.d.). The results of the review are presented in Table A.

Table A: Aerial Photograph and Historic Map Review
Map/Photograph Results
1923 Clovis, California
map (Scale 1:31,680)
No buildings or developments are depicted on the project site. Roads are delineated in the vicinity of the project site.
1946 Clovis, California
map (Scale 1:62,500)
No changes from the 1923 map.
1962 aerial photograph The project site is an agricultural field. 1964 Clovis, California
map (Scale 1:24,000)
No changes in the project site from the 1923 map.
1972 aerial photograph No visible change from the 1962 aerial photograph. 1984 aerial photograph A house is depicted on the project site, along with a detached garage, a swimming pool, and a small, detached building north of the garage and pool. The surrounding land is still used for agricultural purposes.
1998 aerial photograph No changes in the project site from the 1984 aerial photograph.

Source: USGS (n.d.) and National Environmental Title Research (n.d.).

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7/13/22 «\\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\SLM2201-1491_Alluvial\BACKGROUND\Cultural\Archaeo\Letter report\1491 Alluvial Ave archaeo report.docx» 3 FIELD SURVEY
On May 25, 2022, LSA archaeologist Kerrie Collison conducted a pedestrian field survey of the entire project site. The majority of the project site is developed as a residential building and associated structures (such as a detached garage), but the swimming pool depicted in aerial photographs is no longer extant. Unpaved and undeveloped areas of the project site were intensively surveyed to examine the project site for any indications of archaeological deposits and/or human remains. The south side of the house was covered in ankle-high vegetation, while the area on the north side of the house was void of vegetation and compacted (see Photo 1, below).

Photo 1: Northwest corner of house. Note various ground conditions. View southeast.

The field survey did not identify any archaeological cultural resources in the project site. Observed sediments were uniform throughout the project site and were a light-brown, fine-grained material.

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This study, consisting of background research and a field survey, did not identify archaeological deposits or human remains in the project site. Prior to its development for residential purposes, the project site was used for agricultural purposes. Agricultural use of the project site would have disturbed surficial and near-surficial sediments that may have contained prehistoric archaeological resources, and later grading for residential development of the project site would have disturbed the same sediments. While Dry Creek (which would have been a reliable water source for prehistoric 742
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7/13/22 «\\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\SLM2201-1491_Alluvial\BACKGROUND\Cultural\Archaeo\Letter report\1491 Alluvial Ave archaeo report.docx» 4 and historic-period populations) is 0.6 mile from the project site and the mapped geologic deposits that underlay the surficial sediments of the project site date to a time that includes human occupation of the region, the project site has undergone a large amount of ground disturbance, and there is a low likelihood that subsurface archaeological deposits exist within the project site.

Given the above factors, the potential for the project to impact cultural resources is low, and no further cultural studies are recommended for this project. LSA recommends that, in the event that archaeological resources are identified during project activities, work should be halted immediately within 50 feet of the find until a qualified professional archaeologist is contacted to assess the nature and significance of the find and determine if any additional study or treatment of the find is warranted. The archaeologist should develop proper mitigation measures required for the discovery per California Code of Regulations [CCR], Title 14, Chapter 3, Section 15064.5(f)). Additional studies could include, but would not be limited to, collection and documentation of artifacts, documentation of the cultural resources on State of California Department of Parks and Recreation Series 523 forms, or subsurface testing. If determined appropriate by the qualified archaeologist, archaeological monitoring should commence and continue until grading and excavation are complete or until the monitoring archaeologist determines, based on field observations and in consultation with the qualified archaeologist, that there is little likelihood of encountering additional archaeological cultural resources. Archaeological monitoring may be reduced from full-time to part- time or spot-checking if determined appropriate by the qualified archaeologist based on monitoring results. Upon completion of any monitoring activities, the archaeologist should prepare a report to document the methods and results of monitoring activities. The final version of this report should be submitted to the SSJVIC.

In the event that human remains are encountered at any time during project work, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the Fresno County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to State PRC Section 5097.98.

The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the County Coroner would notify the NAHC within 24 hours, which would determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection and make recommendations or preferences for treatment within 48 hours of being granted access to the site. The MLD’s recommendations may include scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials, preservation of Native American human remains and associated items in place, relinquishment of Native American human remains and associated items to the descendants for treatment, or any other culturally appropriate treatment.
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7/13/22 «\\lsaazfiles.file.core.windows.net\projects\SLM2201-1491_Alluvial\BACKGROUND\Cultural\Archaeo\Letter report\1491 Alluvial Ave archaeo report.docx» 5 Please contact me at [email protected] if you have any questions regarding this study. Thank you for using the services of LSA.

Sincerely,
LSA Associates, Inc.

Kerrie Collison, M.A., RPA 28731436
Associate/Senior Cultural Resources Manager

Attachments: A—References
B—Project Figures
C—Records Search Results Summary Letter
D—Native American Heritage Commission Response
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A RCHAEOLOGICAL R ESOURCES S URVEY A SSESSMENT
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ATTACHMENT A

REFERENCES
California Geological Survey (CGS)
2015 Geologic Map of California. Website: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/gmc/ (accessed July 5, 2022).

National Environmental Title Research (NETR)
n.d. Historic Aerials. Website: http://www.historicaerials.com (accessed July 5, 2022).

United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA) n.d. Web Soil Survey. Website: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx (accessed July 1, 2022).

United States Geological Survey (USGS)
1981 Clovis, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle. Published 1964. Photorevised 1981.

USGS, Denver, Colorado.
n.d. USGS topoView. Website: https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#4/39.98/-100.02 (accessed July 5, 2022).
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ATTACHMENT B

PROJECT FIGURES

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SOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quad.- Clovis, CA (1981)
R:\SLM2201\GIS\MXD\Projloc and Vic.mxd (5/9/2022)
FIGURE 1
1491 Alluvial Avenue Project
Project Location and Vicinity
LEGEND
Project Site
Project VicinityProject Vicinity
0 1000 2000
FEET
Madera
County
Fresno
County
ÃÃ145
ÃÃ180
ÃÃ168
ÃÃ41
ÃÃ99
Project
Location
Project Vicinity
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SOURCE: Google Maps, 2022
R:\SLM2201\GIS\MXD\Project Site.mxd (5/9/2022)
FIGURE 2
1491 Alluvial Avenue Project
Project Site
LEGEND
Project Site

ALLUVIAL AVENUE
0 37.5 75
FEET
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ATTACHMENT C

RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS SUMMARY LETTER

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

5/23/2022

Kerrie Collison
LSA
285 South Street, Suite P
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401

Re: 1491 Alluvial Avenue (SLM2201)
Records Search File No.: 22-203

The Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center received your record search request for the project area referenced above, located on the Clovis USGS 7.5’ quads. The following reflects the results of the records search for the project area and the 0.5 mile radius:

As indicated on the data request form, the locations of resources and reports are provided in the following format: ☒ custom GIS maps ☐ GIS data

Resources within project area: None
Resources within 0.5 mile radius: None
Reports within project area: None
Reports within 0.5 mile radius: FR-00270, 00272, 00281, 01130, 02180, 02234, 02308, 02783 Note:

Resource Database Printout (list): ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed Resource Database Printout (details): ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed Resource Digital Database Records: ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed Report Database Printout (list): ☒ enclosed ☐ not requested ☐ nothing listed Report Database Printout (details): ☒ enclosed ☐ not requested ☐ nothing listed Report Digital Database Records: ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed Resource Record Copies: ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed ☐ not available Report Copies: ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed ☐ not available Note: Only the Title Page, Table of Contents, & Executive Summary of TU-00102 was included.

OHP Built Environment Resources Directory: ☐ enclosed ☒ not requested ☐ nothing listed Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility: ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed CA Inventory of Historic Resources (1976): ☐ enclosed ☐ not requested ☒ nothing listed Note: P-15-007046 is not listed in the BERD. The 2013 HPD page was included for this resource. 750
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Caltrans Bridge Survey: Not available at SSJVIC; please see https://dot.ca.gov/programs/environmental-analysis/cultural-studies/california-historical-bridges-tunnels Ethnographic Information: Not available at SSJVIC
Historical Literature: Not available at SSJVIC
Historical Maps: Not available at SSJVIC; please see http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/
Local Inventories: Not available at SSJVIC
GLO and/or Rancho Plat Maps: Not available at SSJVIC; please see http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/search/default.aspx#searchTabIndex=0&searchByTypeIndex=1 and/or http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb8489p15p;developer=local;style=oac4;doc.view=items Shipwreck Inventory: Not available at SSJVIC; please see https://www.slc.ca.gov/shipwrecks/

Soil Survey Maps: Not available at SSJVIC; please see http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx

Please forward a copy of any resulting reports from this project to the office as soon as possible. Due to the sensitive nature of archaeological site location data, we ask that you do not include resource location maps and resource location descriptions in your report if the report is for public distribution. If you have any questions regarding the results presented herein, please contact the office at the phone number listed above.

The provision of CHRIS Data via this records search response does not in any way constitute public disclosure of records otherwise exempt from disclosure under the California Public Records Act or any other law, including, but not limited to, records related to archeological site information maintained by or on behalf of , or i n the possession of, the State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, State Historic Preservation Officer, Office of Historic Preservation, or the State Historical Resources Commission.

Due to processing delays and other factors, not all of the historical resource reports and resource records that have been submitted to the Office of Historic Preservation are available via this records search. Additional information may be available through the federal, state, and local agencies that produced or paid for historical resource management work in the search area. Additionally, Native American tribes have historical resource information not in the CHRIS Inventory, and you should contact the California Native American Heritage Commission for information on local/regional tribal contacts.

Should you require any additional information for the above referenced project, reference the record search number listed above when making inquiries. I nvoices for Information Center services will be sent under separate cover from the California State University, Bakersfield Accounting Office.

Thank you for using the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS).

Sincerely,

Jeremy E David
Assistant Coordinator
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ATTACHMENT D

NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION RESPONSE
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor

NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION

Page 1 of 1 ends

July 6, 2022

Kerrie Collison
LSA

Via Email to: [email protected]

Re: 1491 Alluvial Avenue Project, Fresno County

Dear Ms. Collison:

A record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) was completed for the information you have submitted for the above referenced project. The results were negative. However, the absence of specific site information in the SLF does not indicate the absence of cultural resources in any project area. Other sources of cultural resources should also be contacted for information regarding known and recorded sites.

Attached is a list of Native American tribes who may also have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area. This list should provide a starting place in locating areas of potential adverse impact within the proposed project area. I suggest you contact all of those indicated; if they cannot supply information, they might recommend others with specific knowledge. By contacting all those listed, your organization will be better able to respond to claims of failure to consult with the appropriate tribe. If a response has not been received within two weeks of notification, the Commission requests that you follow-up with a telephone call or email to ensure that the project information has been received.

If you receive notification of change of addresses and phone numbers from tribes, please notify me. With your assistance, we can assure that our lists contain current information.

If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at my email address: [email protected].

Sincerely,

Cameron Vela
Cultural Resources Analyst

Attachment

CHAIRPERSON
Laura Miranda
Luiseño

VICE CHAIRPERSON
Reginald Pagaling
Chumash

PARLIAMENTARIAN
Russell Attebery
Karuk

COMMISSIONER
William Mungary
Paiute/White Mountain
Apache

COMMISSIONER
Isaac Bojorquez
Ohlone-Costanoan

COMMISSIONER
Sara Dutschke
Miwok

COMMISSIONER
Buffy McQuillen
Yokayo Pomo, Yuki,
Nomlaki

COMMISSIONER
Wayne Nelson
Luiseño

COMMISSIONER
Stanley Rodriguez
Kumeyaay

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Christina Snider
Pomo

NAHC HEADQUARTERS
1550 Harbor Boulevard
Suite 100
West Sacramento,
California 95691
(916) 373-3710
[email protected]
NAHC.ca.gov

CHAIRPERSON
Laura Miranda
Luiseño

VICE CHAIRPERSON
Reginald Pagaling
Chumash

PARLIAMENTARIAN
Russell Attebery
Karuk

SECRETARY
Sara Dutschke
Miwok

COMMISSIONER
William Mungary
Paiute/White Mountain
Apache

COMMISSIONER
Isaac Bojorquez
Ohlone-Costanoan

COMMISSIONER
Buffy McQuillen
Yokayo Pomo, Yuki,
Nomlaki

COMMISSIONER
Wayne Nelson
Luiseño

COMMISSIONER
Stanley Rodriguez
Kumeyaay

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Raymond C.

Hitchcock
Miwok/Nisenan

NAHC HEADQUARTERS
1550 Harbor Boulevard
Suite 100
West Sacramento,
California 95691
(916) 373-3710
[email protected]
NAHC.ca.gov

753
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

Big Sandy Rancheria of
Western Mono Indians
Elizabeth Kipp, Chairperson
P.O. Box
337

Auberry, CA,
93602
Phone: (
559
)
374
-
0066
Fax: (
559
)
374-0055
[email protected]
Western Mono
Cold Springs Rancheria of
Mono Indians
Jared Aldern,
P. O. Box
209

Tollhouse, CA,
93667
Phone: (
559
)
855
-
5043
Fax: (
559
)
855-4445
[email protected]
Mono
Cold Springs Rancheria of
Mono Indians
Carol Bill, Chairperson
P.O. Box
209

Tollhouse, CA,
93667
Phone: (
559
)
855
-
5043
Fax: (
559
)
855-4445
[email protected]
Mono
Dumna Wo-Wah Tribal
Government
Robert Ledger, Chairperson
2191
West Pico Ave.

Fresno, CA,
93705
Phone: (
559
)
540
-
6346
[email protected]
Foothill Yokut
Mono
Kings River Choinumni Farm
Tribe
Stan Alec,
3515
East Fedora Avenue
Fresno, CA,
93726
Phone: (
559
)
647
-
3227
Foothill Yokut
North Fork Mono Tribe
Ron Goode, Chairperson
13396
Tollhouse Road
Clovis, CA,
93619
Phone: (
559
)
299
-
3729
rwgoode
911
@hotmail.com
Mono
North Fork Rancheria of Mono
Indians
Elaine Fink, Chairperson
P.O .Box
929

North Fork, CA,
93643
Phone: (
559
)
877
-
2461
Fax: (
559
)
877-2467
[email protected]
Mono
North Valley Yokuts Tribe
Timothy Perez,
P.O. Box
717

Linden, CA,
95236
Phone: (
209
)
662
-
2788
[email protected]
Costanoan
Northern Valley
Yokut
North Valley Yokuts Tribe
Katherine Perez, Chairperson
P.O. Box
717

Linden, CA,
95236
Phone: (
209
)
887
-
3415
[email protected]
Costanoan
Northern Valley
Yokut
Picayune Rancheria of
Chukchansi Indians
Claudia Gonzales, Chairwoman
P.O. Box
2226

Oakhurst, CA,
93644
Phone: (
559
)
412
-
5590
[email protected]
Foothill Yokut
Picayune Rancheria of
Chukchansi Indians
Heather Airey, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
P.O. Box
2226

Oakhurst, CA,
93644
Phone: (
559
)
795
-
5986
[email protected]
Foothill Yokut
Table Mountain Rancheria
Brenda Lavell, Chairperson
P.O. Box
410

Friant, CA,
93626
Phone: (
559
)
822
-
2587
Fax: (
559
)
822-2693
[email protected]
Yokut
1 of 2
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5
of
the Health and Safety Code, Section
5097.94
of the Public Resource Section
5097.98
of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed 1491
Alluvial Avenue Project,
Fresno County.

PROJ-2022-
003874
07/06/2022 04:01 PM
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
Fresno County
7/6/2022
754
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

Table Mountain Rancheria
Bob Pennell, Cultural Resource
Director
P.O. Box
410

Friant, CA,
93626
Phone: (
559
)
325
-
0351
Fax: (
559
)
325-0394
[email protected]
Yokut
Traditional Choinumni Tribe
David Alvarez, Chairperson
2415
E. Houston Avenue
Fresno, CA,
93720
Phone: (
559
)
217
-
0396
Fax: (
559
)
292-5057
[email protected]
Foothill Yokut
Tule River Indian Tribe
Neil Peyron, Chairperson
P.O. Box
589

Porterville, CA,
93258
Phone: (
559
)
781
-
4271
Fax: (
559
)
781-4610
[email protected]
Yokut
Tule River Indian Tribe
Joey Garfield, Tribal Archaeologist
P. O. Box
589

Porterville, CA,
93258
Phone: (
559
)
783
-
8892
Fax: (
559
)
783-8932
joey.garfield@tulerivertribe-
nsn.gov
Yokut
Tule River Indian Tribe
Kerri Vera, Environmental
Department
P. O. Box
589

Porterville, CA,
93258
Phone: (
559
)
783
-
8892
Fax: (
559
)
783-8932
[email protected]
Yokut
Wuksache Indian Tribe/Eshom
Valley Band
Kenneth Woodrow, Chairperson
1179
Rock Haven Ct.

Salinas, CA,
93906
Phone: (
831
)
443
-
9702
kwood
8934
@aol.com
Foothill Yokut
Mono
2 of 2
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5
of
the Health and Safety Code, Section
5097.94
of the Public Resource Section
5097.98
of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed 1491
Alluvial Avenue Project,
Fresno County.

PROJ-2022-
003874
07/06/2022 04:01 PM
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
Fresno County
7/6/2022
755
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
756
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

7/13/22 (P:\SLM2201-1491_Alluvial\BACKGROUND\Cultural\Built Environment\Letter-Built Env 1491 Alluvial.docx)

CARLSBAD
CLOVIS
IRVINE

LOS ANGELES

PALM SPRINGS

POINT RICHMOND

RIVERSIDE

ROSEVILLE

SAN LUIS OBISPO
1500 Iowa Avenue, Suite 200, Riverside, California 92507 951.781.9310 www.lsa.net July 13, 2022
Nicholas Crawford, AIA
Crawford Architecture & Planning
1755 Herndon Avenue, Suite 103
Clovis, CA 93611

Subject: 1491 Alluvial Avenue, City of Clovis, California (LSA Project Number SLM2201) Dear Mr. Crawford:

LSA completed a historical evaluation of the property at 1491 Alluvial Avenue (Assessor’s Parcel Number 563-142-35) in Clovis, California. The evaluation was documented on Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523A (Primary Record) and 523B (Building, Structure, and Object Record) forms, and the property was identified on a DPR Location Map.

As a result of that evaluation, which included archival research and an intensive-level field survey, it was determined that the 1972 Shed-style residence does not appear to be eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources under any criteria.

In summary, the residence was built at the very end of the post-World War II residential boom (1945–1973), but it was not part of a residential subdivision. Therefore, it is not representative of that important development pattern. No evidence was found that it is associated with a historically important person or the work of a master architect. Despite some alterations, the residence embodies several characteristics of the Shed style of architecture, but it is a pedestrian example of the style and does not epitomize the design principles of the style more fully than others of its type.

For these reasons, the residence at 1491 Alluvial Avenue does not qualify as a “historical resource” as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). For the purposes of this project, the City of Clovis may make a finding of “no impact” with regard to historical resources.

If you have any questions, please contact me at [email protected] or by telephone at (951) 781- 9310.

Sincerely,
LSA Associates, Inc.

Casey Tibbet, M.A.

Associate/Cultural Resources Manager
Historian/Architectural Historian

Attachment: Department of Parks and Recreation forms
757
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information

State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code 6Z
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date

Page 1 of 6 ends

P1. Other Identifier:
*P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County: Fresno and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.)
*b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Clovis, CA Date: 1981 T 12S ; R 21E; Section: 33; M.D.B.M. c. Address: 1491 Alluvial Avenue City: Clovis Zip: 93611 d. UTM: Zone: 11; mE/ mN (G.P.S.)
e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #): Assessor Parcel Number (APN) 563-142-035

*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) This one-story Shed-style residence is located on an approximately 1-acre parcel on the north side of Alluvial Avenue between North Sunnyside Avenue and North Fordham Avenue. The residence is irregular in plan and rests on a concrete slab foundation. It is surmounted by a moderately pitched, cross-shed roof sheathed with composition shingles and has a brick chimney , narrow eaves, and exposed rafter tails. The exterior wall cladding consists of stucco and staggered brick veneer. The asymmetrical, south -facing façade has a recessed, central gable-roofed bay flanked by shed-roofed wings. Façade fenestration consists of three vinyl -framed sliding windows, one of which has decorative shutters. The entry is deeply recessed and includes a single wooden door with a three- over-seven geometric pattern of rectangles. The door is flanked by multi-paned, arched sidelights and wall-mounted sconces. The east elevation includes two windows, a door, and a tall pair of windows. The west elevation has two doors, one of which may be for a water heater or similar equipment. The property also includes : a detached garage with a multi -level shed roof, stucco walls, two garage doors, a covered but partially open-sided storage area, and a small enclosed room , as well as a detached building that has been partially demolished. The property is in poor condition, but the residence appears to be in fair to good condition. The integrity of materials has been somewhat compromised by the installation of modern vinyl windows.

*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP2-Single-family residence *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.)

P5b. Description of Photo: (View,
date, accession #) Façade, view to
the north (Google 2021)

*P6. Date Constructed/Age and
Sources: Historic
Prehistoric Both
1972 (Redfin 2022)

*P7. Owner and Address:

Unknown

*P8. Recorded by:
(Name,
affiliation, and address)
Casey Tibbet, M.A.

LSA Associates, Inc.
1500 Iowa Avenue, Suite 200
Riverside, CA 92507

*P9. Date Recorded:

May 25, 2022

*P10. Survey Type: (Describe)
Intensive-level CEQA compliance

*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") None

*Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Recor d Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record  Other (List):

P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.)

See Continuation Sheet
758
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information
State of California  The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD

Page 2 of 6 ends

*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 1491 Alluvial Avenue

B1. Historic Name:

B2. Common Name:

B3. Original Use: Single-family residence B4. Present Use: Single-family residence *B5. Architectural Style: Shed
*B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) Except where noted, the following information is based on building permits or aerial photographs (City of Clovis var.; California State University, Fresno 2022). 1970 Based on an aerial photograph, in 1970 the property was undeveloped except perhaps as farmland. 1972 According to various real estate websites, the house was built in 1972 (Redfin 2022). 1973 An aerial photograph shows the house, a detached building, and a swimming pool on the property. The detached building looks like it was oriented east-west instead of north-south. At that time, the surrounding acreage was farmland.
1977 An aerial photograph shows the property developed as it is today with the residence, detached garage (oriented north-south), a swimming pool, and a small detached building north of the garage and pool. The surrounding acreage was still farmland.
1992 An aerial photograph from October 1992 shows the beginnings of residential development on the acreage to the south, east, and north.
1993 Permits issued to owner E.J. Leatherman to abandon well and to “stub house gas supply to location of new service.” Permit issued to owner Monte Vista Homes to abandon septic system. *B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features:

B9a. Architect: None found b. Builder: None found *B10. Significance: Theme: Post-World War II Residential Development; Residential Architecture Area: City of Clovis Period of Significance: 1972 Property Type: Residential Applicable Criteria: N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) This 1972 Shed-style residence does not meet the criteria for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register), and no local criteria were found. It is not a historical resource as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). See Continuation Sheet.

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *B12. References:

California Department of Transportation
2011 Tract Housing in California, 1945 –1973. A Context for National Register Evaluation. Caltrans Division of Environmental Analysis, Sacramento.

City of Clovis
2014 General Plan and Development Code Draft PEIR, Section 5.5, Cultural Resources. Accessed online in May 2022 at:
https://cityofclovis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Chapter-05-05-Cultural-Resources.pdf.

Var. Building permits provided for 1491 Alluvial Avenue by the City of Clovis in May 2022.

California State University, Fresno
Var. Aerial photographs accessed via the Map and Aerial Location Tool in May and June 2022 at: http://malt.library.fresnostate .edu/MALT/.

McAlester, Virginia Savage
2013 A Field Guide to American Houses. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.

Redfin
2022 1491 Alluvial Avenue. Accessed in May 2022 at:
https://www.redfin.com/CA/Clovis/1491-Alluvial-Ave-
93611/home/72702518.

The Fresno Bee
1975 News In Brief. March 5, page 37.

B13. Remarks:
*B14. Evaluator: Casey Tibbet, M.A., LSA Associates, Inc., 1500 Iowa Avenue, Suite 200, Riverside, CA 92507
*Date of Evaluation: June 2022
(This space reserved for official comments.)
(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)

Refer to Location Map
759
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

CONTINUATION SHEET
Primary #
HRI #
Trinomial

Page 3 of 6 ends

*Recorded by LSA Associates, Inc. *Date: June 2022 X Continuation Update

P5a. Photo (continued from page 1)

West elevation (partial) and façade, view to the northeast (5/25/22).

Façade and east elevation, view to the northwest (5/25/22).

Front entry (5/25/22).

Garage, view north (5/25/22)

See Continuation Sheet
760
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

CONTINUATION SHEET
Primary #
HRI #
Trinomial

Page 4 of 6 ends

*Recorded by LSA Associates, Inc. *Date: June 2022 X Continuation Update

B10. Significance (continued from page 2)
Historic Context. The following was excerpted from the City of Clovis General Plan and Development Code Draft Program Environmental Impact Report (PEIR) (City of Clovis 2014:5.5-7):
“Clovis was founded following the construction of a freight stop along the recently completed San Joaquin Valley Railroad in 1891. As the agricultural potential of Fresno County began to be realized in the late nineteenth century, a number of individuals rapidly developed the railway to transport the region’s grain, cattle, and timber longer distances. In close proximity to agriculture and the nearby Sierras, the new stop had an ideal location and was named after local farmer Clovis M. Cole, who sold a large portion of his wheat ranch in support of the railway.

Another contributor to the growth of Clovis was the Fresno Flume and Irrigation Company. The company constructed the Shaver Log Flume that started at the Shaver Dam and traveled 42 miles into the valley to the present -day intersection of Fifth Street and Clovis Avenue. Here, the company constructed a 40-acre mill and finishing plant, which served as an impetus for the further development of Clovis as workers arrived to work at the plant.

A number of businesses, churches, and schools soon developed in response to the increasing population and, by 1895, the community had its first post office. Italian immigrants brought grape production to Clovis with the first vineyards in the region.

Clovis incorporated in 1912 and grew modestly into the 20th century, with its economy continuing to rely primarily on agriculture.

An unprecedented demand for canned food occurred with the onset of World War I, stimulating the local economy and growth in the City. As evidence of the City’s changing status, Clovis High School was relocated to an ornate, Spanish-designed building in 1920.

Increased agricultural production required additional water, and the Central Valley Project (CVP) was undertaken in the early 1930s to provide irrigation and water management to the San Joaquin Valley. The CVP began as a New Deal project but was not completed until the early 1950s due to labor shortages caused by World War II. An original component of the project is the Friant-Kern Canal, which flows immediately northeast of Clovis. The City experienced a modest building boom in the years following World War II as a number of housing developments expanded away from the city center. Although residential growth has continued since that time, the City continues to maintain its small-town character.”

People Associated with This Residence. No information was found for the architect, builder, or original owner of the residence. The only owner found for the residence was E.J. Leatherman in 1993 (City of Clovis var.). Research revealed that Dr. Elwyn J. Leatherman, a chiropractor, did not live at 1491 Alluvial Avenue until sometime after 1975; he was listed at 1068 W est Browning Avenue in 1975 (The Fresno Bee 1975).

Architectural Context. The Shed style was popularized by the Sea Ranch development north of San Francisco, which was inspired by and utilized vernacular forms of unpainted wood and structures found on old farms and western mines (McAlester 2013). According to McAlester, characteristics of the Shed style (circa 1965–1990) include “shed roof forms, generally multi-directional and occasionally coupled with a gable roof; wood wall cladding (vertical, diagonal, horizontal, or shingles), occasionally with brick veneer; smooth roof - wall junction commonly with little or no overhang; asymmetr y” (McAlester 2013:649). The overall effect is bold diagonals and multiple massing with very little exterior detail. T1-11 plywood siding and brick veneer are common.

Significance Evaluation. This property is being evaluated for historical significance under the California Register criteria in compliance with CEQA. No local criteria were found.

• Criterion 1: Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. The residence was built at the end of the post -WWII residential boom (1945–1973) that made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local, regional, and even national history. “More than 40 million housing units were built in the United States during the 30 year period following the end of World War II, and at least 30 mi llion of these were single- family houses” (California Department of Transportation 2011:2). These homes were typically modest in size and style and constructed in a short time as part of large tracts marketed to the working class. “The fundamental unit for postwar housing is not the individual house, but the tract, or a single construction phase within a larger tract or new community ,” and typically , a single home would not be individually significant in this context (California Department of Transportation 2011:121). Research revealed that this home was not built as part of a large residential development and therefore is not representative of that context.

See Continuation Sheet
761
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

CONTINUATION SHEET
Primary #
HRI #
Trinomial

Page 5 of 6 ends

*Recorded by LSA Associates, Inc. *Date: June 2022 X Continuation Update

B10. Significance (continued from page 4)

• Criterion 2: Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history. Based on the research discussed above, no evidence was found that the residence was associated with any historically significant persons during the historic period (pre-1973).
• Criterion 3: Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values. This residence embodies characteristics of the Shed style, including shed roof forms coupled with a gable roof, asymmetry, multiple massing, brick veneer, and little exterior detailing. Although it currently has modern stucco as the primary wall cladding and modern vinyl-framed windows, the overall Shed style has not been significantly compromised. However, it is a relatively pedestrian example of the style and does not rise to a level above the ordinary. No evidence was found that it is the work of a master, and it does not epitomize the design principles of the style more fully than others of its type.
• Criterion 4: Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation. This residence was built in 1972 using common materials and construction practices. It does not have the potential to yield information important to the history or prehistory of the local area, California, or the nation.

762
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

I:\SLM2201\GIS\MXD\Cultural\DPRlocation_563142035.mxd (5/13/2022) DPR 523J (1/95) *Required Information

Page 6 of 6 ends

*Map Name: *Scale: 1:24000 *Date of Map: 1981; 2022
*Resource Name or 1491 Alluvial Avenue
Primary #
HRI #
Trinomial
State of California - Resource Agency

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

LOCATION MAP
Alluvial Ave
Oak Ave
Bedford Ave
N Fordham Ave
Fordham
N Fordham Ave
APN 563-142-035
1491 Alluvial Avenue
USGS 7.5' Quad, Clovis; Nearmap
763
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
764
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

www.JLBtraffic.com 516 W Shaw Ave., Ste. 103
Fresno, CA 93704 Page | 1
[email protected] (559) 570-8991

May 26, 2022
Mr. Arman Zakaryan
Stallion Development & Construction
6311 N Fresno St, Ste. 102
Fresno CA 93710
Subject: Alluvial Avenue Project Trip Generation Analysis (JLB Project 006-044) Dear Mr. Zakaryan,
JLB Traffic Engineering, Inc. (JLB) has completed a Trip Generation Analysis (TGA) for the Alluvial Avenue (Project) located in the City of Clovis. The Project proposes to develop a two-story multifamily housing project with up to 12 dueling units. The project is located at the northeast quadrant of Sunnyside Avenue and Alluvial Avenue in the City of Clovis. Per information provided to JLB, the Project will undergo a General Plan Amendment to modify the land use from R-1 Low Density Residential to R-2 Medium High Density Residential.

The purpose of this TGA is to evaluate the potential difference in traffic generation of the proposed Project and that which could otherwise be developed consistent with the Clovis General Plan. The TGA will focus primarily on comparing the anticipated driveway trip generation during a weekday, the AM peak hour and the PM peak hour of the project against that which could otherwise be developed consistent with the City of Clovis General Plan land use designation. The TGA will also determine if the Project can be screened out of having to prepare a Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Analysis.

Project Description
The Project proposes to develop approximately 12 dueling units with a two-story multifamily housing.

Per information provided to JLB the Project will undergo a General Plan Amendment to modify the land use from R-1 Low Density Residential to R-2 Medium High Density Residential. An aerial of the Project Vicinity and Project Site Plan are shown in Exhibits A and B, respectively.

Proposed Project Trip Generation
The trip generation rates for the proposed Project were obtained from the 11th Edition of the Trip Generation Manual published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). Table I presents the trip generation for the proposed Project with trip generation rates for 12 multi-family residential units. At buildout, the proposed Project is estimated to generate approximately 81 daily trips, 5 AM peak hour trips and 6 PM peak hour trips.

Table I: Proposed Project Trip Generation
Note: d.u. = dwelling units

Land Use (ITE Code) Size Unit
Daily AM (7-9) Peak Hour PM (4-6) Peak Hour
Rate Total Trip
Rate
In Out
In Out Total Trip
Rate
In Out
In Out Total
% %
Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise)
(220) 12 d.u. 6.74 81 0.40 24 76 1 4 5 0.51 63 37 4 2 6 Total Project Trips 81 1 4 5 4 2 6
765
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

www.JLBtraffic.com 516 W Shaw Ave., Ste. 103
Fresno, CA 93704 Page | 2
[email protected] (559) 570-8991

Mr. Zakaryan
Alluvial Avenue Project - Trip Generation Analysis
May 26, 2022
General Plan Land Designation Trip Generation
The General Plan proposes that the Project site be developed with Single-Family Detached Housing units under Low Density Residential land use (2.1 to 4.0 dwelling units per acre). For purposes of this comparison, it is assumed that the Project site is developed according to the maximum single-family range allowable under the Low Density Residential of 4.0 dwelling units per acre. Therefore, this site could be developed with a maximum of 4 Single-Family Detached Housing units (maximum of 4 dwelling units per acre * 1.04 net acres = 4.16 units). Table II presents the trip generation of that which could otherwise be developed consistent with the General Plan With trip generation rates for 4 Single Family Detached Housing units. Consistent with the General Plan, the project site is estimated to generate approximately 38 daily trips, 3 AM peak hour trips and 4 PM peak hour trips.

Table II: General Plan Land Use Designation Trip Generation Note: d.u. = dwelling units
Difference in Project Trip Generation
The difference in trip generation between the proposed Project and General Plan Land Use Designation site land uses is summarized in Table III. Compared to that which could be developed consistent with the General Plan, the proposed Project is estimated to generate an increase of 43 daily trips, 2 AM peak hour trips and 2 PM peak hour trips.

Table III: Difference in Trip Generation
Daily AM (7-9) Peak Hour PM (4-6) Peak Hour
Total In Out Total In Out Total
Proposed Project 81 1 4 5 4 2 6
General Plan Land Use
Designation 38 1 2 3 3 1 4
Difference in Trip
Generation 43 0 2 2 1 1 2
City of Clovis VMT Guidelines
The City of Clovis Interim Transportation Impact Analysis Guidelines, dated July 14, 2020, provides guidance on the requirements to evaluate transportation impacts for projects in the city for the purpose of determining impacts under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The thresholds described therein are referred to herein as the City of Clovis VMT Thresholds. The City of Clovis VMT Thresholds document specifically address the requirements of California Senate Bill 743 (SB 743) which mandates specific types of CEQA analysis of transportation projects, effective July 1, 2020. The December 2018 Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA (Technical Advisory) published by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR), was utilized as a reference and guidance document in the preparation of the Clovis VMT Thresholds.

Land Use (ITE Code) Size Unit
Daily AM (7-9) Peak Hour PM (4-6) Peak Hour
Rate Total Trip
Rate
In Out
In Out Total Trip
Rate
In Out
In Out Total
% %
Single-Family Detached Housing
(210) 4 d.u. 9.43 38 0.70 26 74 1 2 3 0.94 63 37 3 1 4 Total Project Trips 38 1 2 3 3 1 4
766
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

www.JLBtraffic.com 516 W Shaw Ave., Ste. 103
Fresno, CA 93704 Page | 3
[email protected] (559) 570-8991

Mr. Zakaryan
Alluvial Avenue Project - Trip Generation Analysis
May 26, 2022
The City of Clovis VMT Thresholds adopted a screening standard and criteria that can be used to screen out qualified projects that meet the adopted criteria from needing to prepare a detailed VMT analysis.

These criteria may be size, location, proximity to transit or trip making potential. In general development projects that that meet one or more of the following criteria can be screened out from a quantitative VMT analysis.

1. Project is Small (Less than 500 average daily trips)

2. Project has a High Level of Affordable Housing Units

3. Project is Local-serving Retail of less than 100,000 square feet gross floor area

4. Project is an institutional/Government and Public Service Uses

5. Project Located in a Transit Priority Area/High Quality Transit Corridor (within 0.5 miles of a transit stop).

6. Project is located in a Low VMT Zone
Although this Project will undergo a General Plan Amendment, its land use is currently residential and will remain as residential. The proposed land use will allow a greater density, which has been observed to reduce VMT. The Project is expected to generate significantly less than the 500 daily trip threshold (a maximum of 81 daily trips), classifying the Project as a small project. Therefore, JLB recommends the project be screened out from having to prepare a VMT analysis.

Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions and recommendations regarding the proposed Project are provided below:
• The proposed Project will undergo a General Plan Amendment to modify the land use from R-1 Low Density Residential (2.1 to 4 dwelling units per acre) to R-2 Medium High Density Residential. • At buildout, the proposed Project is estimated to generate approximately 81 daily trips, 5 AM peak hour trips and 6 PM peak hour trips.
• Consistent with the General Plan, the Project site could be developed with up to 4 single family residential units and produce approximately 38 daily trips, 3 AM peak hour trips and 4 PM peak hour trips.
• Compared to that which could otherwise be developed at the Project Site consistent with the City of Clovis General Plan, the proposed Project is estimated to generate more traffic by 43 daily trips, 2 AM peak hour trips and 2 PM peak hour trips.
• The Project is expected to generate less than 500 daily trips, therefore, JLB recommends the Project be screened out of a VMT Analysis as a small project per City of Clovis VMT Guidelines.

If you have any questions or require additional information, please contact me at (559) 869-4514, or via email at [email protected].

Sincerely,

Carlos Ayala-Magana
Engineer I/II

Z:\01 Projects\006 Clovis\006-044 Alluvial Ave TGA\05 Letter\L05262022 Alluvial Ave TGA.docx 767
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

www.JLBtraffic.com 516 W Shaw Ave., Ste. 103
Fresno, CA 93704 Page | 4
[email protected] (559) 570-8991

Mr. Zakaryan
Alluvial Avenue Project - Trip Generation Analysis
May 26, 2022
Exhibit A: Vicinity Map

Sunnyside Ave
Alluvial Ave
768
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

www.JLBtraffic.com 516 W Shaw Ave., Ste. 103
Fresno, CA 93704 Page | 5
[email protected] (559) 570-8991

Mr. Zakaryan
Alluvial Avenue Project - Trip Generation Analysis
May 26, 2022
Exhibit B: Project Site Plan

769
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
770
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
455 W. Fir Avenue
Clovis, CA 93611-0242
Tel: (559) 449-2700
Fax: (559) 449-2715
www.ppeng.com
G:\Clovis_City of - 1017\Ongoing\OG-2022\01 DC 2021-00056 Sunnyside and Alluvial\Report & Calcs\20220627 1491 Alluval Ave_FINAL.docx

Engineering  Surveying  Planning  Environmental  GIS  Construction Services  Hydrogeology  Consulting Fresno  Bakersfield  Visalia  Clovis  Modesto  Los Banos  Chico  Merced  Sacramento Technical Memorandum
To: Gene Abella, PE
From: Nicholas Jacobson, PE
Subject: Water Infrastructure Investigation for 1491 Alluvial Avenue, East of North Sunnyside Avenue (APN 563-1421-35)
Date: June 27, 2022
Provost and Pritchard Consulting Group (“P&P”) has prepared this technical memorandum summarizing the findings of our investigation into the water system infrastructure required to serve a proposed development located at 1491 Alluvial Avenue (APN 563-1421-35)

Project Information
It is our understanding that the proposed development (Project) will have a land use designation of medium-high density residential (7.1 - 15.0 dwelling units per acre [du/ac]) which differs from the original designation of low density residential (2.1 - 4.0 du/ac), originally considered for this area in the City of Clovis Water Master Plan (WMP) Update – Phase III (Provost & Pritchard, 2018). The Project will need to comply with the City’s two points of connection requirement.

An existing 12-inch distribution main fronts the Project in Alluvial Avenue. The existing 12 -inch main in Alluvial Avenue connects to additional 12-inch mains to the east at Fowler Avenue, to the west in Sunnyside Avenue, and to 8-inch mains in Fordham Avenue. Collectively, these facilities convey water from local wells and a surface water treatment plant located about four (4) miles to the southeast. This portion of the City’s potable water system is within the pressure zone called “Zone 2.” Attachment A shows the existing and planned infrastructure in the area.

The entire Project is within the Kings River service area for FID, which means the Project has access to water from the Kings River as its source of supply. The existing project site consists of a residential dwelling and two detached structures.

Assumptions:

The following assumptions apply to this investigation:
• The City requires a minimum of two points of connection to the existing water system. • Master planned facilities near the Project are existing. • Developer is responsible for sizing all water mains and other water related infrastructure internal to the Project.
• The Clovis Fire Department (CFD) requires a minimum fire flow of 1,800 gallons per minute (gpm) and a minimum residual pressure of 35 psi, per CFD Standard #2.3. 771
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

To: Gene Abella June 27, 2022
1491 Alluvial Avenue, East of North Sunnyside Avenue (APN 563-1421-35) Page 2 of 4 Water Infrastructure Investigation

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• Existing and proposed water system demands will be based on unit demands from the WMP.
• Existing infrastructure sizes based on GIS data from City (see Attachment A). • Recycled water will not be applied to public landscaping surrounding the Project. • Hydraulic model analysis was not completed as part of this investigation.

Water Demand
Potable water demands for the Project were estimated using land-use-based unit water demand factors from the WMP. Table LU-2 in the Land Use Element of the City General Plan (GP) states that medium-high density residential has an allowable density ranging from 7.1 – 15.0 du/ac. The proposed use will consist of a 12-unit multi-family homes on 1.04 acres, which equates to 11.54 du/ac, consistent with a designation of medium-high density residential land use. Table 1 summarizes unit demand factors used to estimate demand for typical planning conditions such as annual average, maximum day, and peak hour.

Table 1. Summary of Unit Water Demands by Land Use
Land Use Annual Average
( AFY/ac)
Maximum Day
(gpm/ac)
Peak Hour
(gpm/ac)
Existing
Low Density Residential 2.50 2.63 4.65
Proposed
Medium-High Density Residential 3.30 3.48 6.14
Notes:

1. Source for unit water demand values was Table 5-3.1 in WMP.

2. Abbreviations: AFY = Acre-feet per year, gpm = gallons per minute

Water usage for each demand category was estimated by multiplying gross acreage of land use type by its respective unit demand. Refer to Table 2 for a summary of anticipated water demands for existing and proposed conditions.

Infrastructure
An existing 12-inch distribution main front s the Project in Alluvial Avenue. The existing 12 -inch main in Alluvial Avenue connects to additional 12-inch mains to the east at Fowler Avenue, to the west in Sunnyside Avenue, and to 8-inch mains in Fordham Avenue.

Connection to the existing water system should be provided in two locations as required by City standards. The information provided by the City for the Project does not provide location s for proposed connections to City distribution infrastructure. The Project is bounded on the western, northern, and eastern sides by existing development making two points of connection difficult.

One way to accomplish the required two points of connection would be to connect to the 12-inch main in Alluvial and then through an easement on private property which is not recommended.

Another option would be to have on -site mains connect at two locations in Alluvial Avenue and 772
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

To: Gene Abella June 27, 2022
1491 Alluvial Avenue, East of North Sunnyside Avenue (APN 563-1421-35) Page 3 of 4 Water Infrastructure Investigation

G:\Clovis_City of - 1017\Ongoing\OG-2022\01 DC 2021-00056 Sunnyside and Alluvial\Report & Calcs\20220627 1491 Alluval Ave_FINAL.docx

construct an isolation valve between the two points of connection. The developer will have to provide additional information to the City on how it will satisfy the requirement for two points of connection.

Table 2. Summary of Total Water Demands by Land Use
Land Use Area (ac) Annual Average
(AFY)
Maximum Day
(gpm)
Peak Hour
(gpm)
Existing
Low Density Residential 1.04 2.6 2.7 4.8
Proposed
Medium-High Density Residential 1.04 3.4 3.6 6.4

Water Supply
Urbanization within Clovis occurs both inside and outside the Kings River service area for Fresno Irrigation District (FID), therefore not all lands have access to this water source. Lands generally located south and west of the Enterprise Canal are within the Kings River service area and as such are entitled to an average annual allotment of approximately 2.24 acre-feet per acre (AF/ac). Some land uses within the City have unit demands greater than the 2.24 AF/ac supply available. The City adopted an ordinance requiring new development with demands exceeding the allotment to pay fees, so the City can acquire additional water supply to serve the development. Since the entirety of the Project is within the FID service area, water from the Kings River is available to offset the anticipated annual demand of 3.4 acre-feet. See Table 3 for summary of reconciliation of supply and demand for existing and proposed land use conditions.

Table 3. Reconciliation of Supply and Demand
Land Use Category Annual Average
(AFY)
FID Entitlement
(AFY)
Additional Supply
Required (AFY)
Existing
Low Density Residential 2.6 2.3 (0.3)

Proposed
Medium-High Density Residential 3.4 2.3 (1.1)

Summary
Based on information collected during this investigation and the City’s adherence to recommendations from prior water supply planning efforts, the existing and planned water distribution system and recommended connections should be adequate to convey water supply to the Project to support anticipated demands from the Project. As the Project falls within the 773
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

To: Gene Abella June 27, 2022
1491 Alluvial Avenue, East of North Sunnyside Avenue (APN 563-1421-35) Page 4 of 4 Water Infrastructure Investigation

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FID boundary, there is surface water entitlement available for its water supply, however the Project will need to pay fees to the City to make up a supply shortfall of about 1.1 AFY.

Serving this Project should not negatively impact the City’s ability to provide a supply and delivery of water to reasonably foreseeable users within the City assuming adherence to recommendations from prior water resources planning efforts. However, to understand the cumulative impacts to supplies and other major water infrastructure, the City should be tracking changes in demand as part of the development process in order to determine when projects with greater demand are offset by projects with demands lower than originally planned.

Respectfully,

Nicholas Jacobson, PE

Enclosures: 1

Attachment A – Water Facilities Exhibit

c: Mike Harrison

6/27/2022
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
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Zone 2
Zone 1

SUNNYSIDE

STANFORD

ALLUVIAL

BEDFORD

FORDHAM

FORDHAM
0 150 300
Feet
º
Exhibit
Water Facilities
Water System Evaluation
6/13/2022: \\ppeng.com\pzdata\clients\Clovis_City of - 1017\GIS\1017OG01\2022\01 DC 2021-00056 Sunnyside and Alluvial\400 GIS\Map\_SunnysideAlluvial_StudyArea_WaterFacilities.mxd Legend
Project_Site
Pressure Zone Boundary
Existing Water Mains
Size (in inches)
6"
8"
12"
Attachment A
775
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.
776
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

Brad Kerner, PE [email protected]
451 Clovis Ave, Suite 200 Clovis CA 93612 Tel (559) 326-1400 219204(16) Letter Report02_12-unit MFRD on Alluvial.doc www.bcf-engr.com Clovis Glendale San Francisco
Gene G. Abella July 8, 2022
City of Clovis File No. 219-0204 (16)
Planning and Development Services
1033 Fifth Street
Clovis, CA 93612
Subject: Wastewater Service Study for Proposed 12-Unit Multi-Family Residential Development at 1491 Alluvial Avenue.

Dear Gene,
This letter provides the results and findings of our wastewater service study for a proposed multi-family residential development near the corner of Sunnyside Avenue and Alluvial Avenue, pursuant to your May 1st, 2022 email message.

A developer proposes to construct a 12-unit multi-family residential development (MFRD) on a 1.04 acre parcel of land situated near the northeast corner of Sunnyside Avenue and Alluvial Avenue, namely Assessor’s Parcel Numbers (APN) 563-142-35. The City of Clovis Wastewater Collection System Master Plan (Master Plan) is based on a hydraulic model of the wastewater system. Included in the hydraulic model are various land use designations together with the appropriate wastewater flow generation rates for each land use. The Master Plan currently shows the area where the MFRD is proposed as a Low Density Residential land use, which has a lower wastewater flow generation rate than the proposed Medium High Density Residential land use of MFRD. The higher wastewater flow generation rate for the proposed MFRD was evaluated using the hydraulic model to determine the potential effect of the proposed development on the City's wastewater system. For the purposes of this letter report, “Master Plan Model” refers to the hydraulic model corresponding to the Master Plan, and “MFRD Evaluation Model” refers to the same hydraulic model as slightly modified to reflect the proposed change from Low Density Residential to Medium High Density Residential land use for the subject site.

Figure 1 provides a “screen shot” exhibit showing the Master Plan Model output for buildout conditions.

The sewers that are planned to convey wastewater flow for the subject site provide more than sufficient capacity to accommodate the planned wastewater flows, as illustrated by the maximum relative depths or depth-to-diameter (d/D) ratios shown for each sewer reach under peak wastewater flow conditions. The Wastewater Master Plan prescribes a maximum allowable d/D ratio of 0.82 for the analysis of existing sewers, and 0.65 for the sizing design of planned sewers.

Manhole 55.43 is the Master Plan Model node that would receive wastewater flow from the sewer service sub-area that includes the subject site. The Master Plan Model calculates an average daily wastewater flow for buildout conditions at Manhole 55.43 of 0.037499 million gallons per day (MGD). The planned wastewater flow generation rate for Low Density Residential land use areas is 0.000567 MGD per acre.

The proposed MFRD is on a 1.04 acre parcel, but since sewer subareas include roads, the subject site affects 1.41 acres according to criteria of the Master Plan. Currently this area accounts for 0.000799 MGD of the total flow calculated at Manhole 55.43 in the Master Plan Model. For the buildout condition of the model, already developed areas within the Herndon II service area are subject to calibration (see Section 4.9.1 of the 2017 Wastewater Collection System Master Plan Report). Manhole 55.43 has a calibration factor of 0.666258. Applying this factor to the calculated 0.000799 MGD to the Master Plan flow rate at Manhole 55.43 produces a 0.000533 flow rate for the buildout condition of the subject area. 777
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

Wastewater Service Study for Proposed
12-Unit Multi-Family Residential Development

Page 2 of 4 ends

219204(16) Letter Report02_12-unit MFRD on Alluvial.doc Figure 1: Master Plan Model for Buildout Conditions
The Master Plan provides criteria for selecting the wastewater flow generation rates for various land uses for future developments. For some residential land uses, a dwelling-unit-per-acre (du/acre) method is used. The Medium High Density Residential classification is used for developments between 7.10 and

15.00 du/acre. The proposed MFRD is 12 units situated on 1.41 acres. This results in an approximate value of 8.5 du/acre. Medium High Density Residential land uses are assigned a wastewater flow generation rate of 0.001459 MGD per acre.

The MFRD Evaluation Model reflects the elimination of 1.41 acres of Low Density Residential land use, and the addition of the same area of Medium High Residential land use, for the sewer service sub-area tributary to Manhole 55.43. This results is a net increase in planned tributary flow for Manhole 55.43 of

0.001525 MGD, which is an increase of approximately 4.1 percent compared to the buildout condition of the Master Plan Model. The resulting total average wastewater flow calculated for the MFRD Evaluation Model is 0.039023 MGD at Manhole 55.43.

Figure 2 provides a “screen shot” exhibit showing the MFRD Evaluation Model output for the buildout condition. The sewers that would convey wastewater flow for the proposed MFRD provide more than sufficient capacity to accommodate the calculated wastewater flows, as illustrated by the maximum d/D ratios shown for each sewer reach. The MFRD Evaluation Model calculates higher d/D ratios than the Master Plan Model, but even those higher d/D ratios are well below the maximum relative depth criteria prescribed by the Master Plan, for both existing and planned sewers. 778
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

Wastewater Service Study for Proposed
12-Unit Multi-Family Residential Development

Page 3 of 4 ends

219204(16) Letter Report02_12-unit MFRD on Alluvial.doc The 10-inch sewer along Alluvial Avenue eventually leads to Clovis’ connection to the regional Fresno- Clovis wastewater collection system at Herndon Avenue and Willow Avenue. At that connection, the Master Plan Model estimates that the average wastewater flow discharged to the regional Herndon Trunk Sewer will be 2.2498 MGD, and that the peak wastewater flow will be 3.3961 MGD. Similarly, the MFRD Model estimates an average wastewater flow of 2.2513 MGD and a peak wastewater flow of 3.3988 MGD. As indicated in the Master Plan, the City currently owns an average daily flow capacity of 2.800 MGD in the regional Herndon Trunk Sewer. The following Table 1 summarizes the impact at the Fresno- Clovis Herndon Connection.

Figure 2: MFRD Model for Buildout Conditions
Master Plan Config.

M aster Plan Config.
with 12-unit MFRD
(@MH 55.43)
Difference
(increase)
Avg Flow (MGD) 2.2498 2.2513 0.001525
Peak Flow (MGD) 3.3961 3.3988 0.002719Buildout
Scenario
Herndon Connection
Table 1: Impact on Fresno-Clovis Wastewater Connection at Herndon and Willow 779
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

Wastewater Service Study for Proposed
12-Unit Multi-Family Residential Development

Page 4 of 4 ends

219204(16) Letter Report02_12-unit MFRD on Alluvial.doc In summary, our evaluation indicates that the existing and planned wastewater collection system facilities can accommodate the proposed change from Low Density Residential to Medium High Residential land use for the subject site. However, it should be noted that there may be competing interests for available wastewater flow capacity in the regional Herndon Trunk Sewer. This analysis only evaluates the potential wastewater service implications of the proposed development in the context of the current Master Plan. It does not consider the effect of other potential allocations of available wastewater flow capacity, whether temporary or permanent, as may be allowed by the City for other proposed developments or other purposes.

If you have questions or comments, or if you require additional information, you are invited to contact me or Nathan Fastenau any time, as always. Many thanks, and… Best Regards,

BLAIR, CHURCH & FLYNN CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Brad Kerner, PE
Project Manager
c:Nathan Fastenau, BCF (Email)
Sean Smith, City of Clovis (Email)
Date Signed: 8 July 2022
780
AGENDA ITEM NO. 12.

TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Planning and Development Services
DATE: March 6, 2023
SUBJECT: Consider Approval - Res. 23-___, Resolution of Necessity to determine that public interest and necessity require acquisition of property for public purposes; and, authorizing proceedings in eminent domain for two properties located between Locan Avenue and DeWolf Avenue.

APN/Owner: 553-030-05/Zepeda and 565 -042-14/Samarin. (Continued from the February 21, 2023, meeting)

Staff: Ryan C. Burnett, Engineering Program Supervisor
Recommendation: Approve

ATTACHMENTS: 1. Res. 23-___ Resolution of Necessity – APNs 553-030-05 and 565 - 042-14

2. Locations Map

3. Notice of Hearing

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Councilmembers should consider recusal if a campaign contribution exceeding $250 has been received from the project proponent (developer, applicant, agent, and/or participants) since January 1, 2023 (Government Code 84308).

RECOMMENDATION
For the City Council to hold a public hearing and approve the attached Resolution of Necessity (Attachment 1), approving the eminent domain process to acquire property for public street purposes at the northeast corner of Herndon and DeWolf Avenues an d the southeast corner of Herndon and Locan Avenues (Attachment 2).

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This is a request to approve a Resolution of Necessity approving the eminent domain process to acquire right-of-way for the widening of Herndon Avenue in the vicinity fr om Temperance to DeWolf Avenues. Staff has not been able to come to an agreement with the property owners to purchase the needed right -of-way. This action is to avoid further delays in the construction of improvements to Herndon Avenue from Temperance to D eWolf Avenues. This item was 781
AGENDA ITEM NO. 13.
continued from the February 21, 2023, meeting based on questions that were raised during public comment.

California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1245.240 requires the Resolution of Necessity be approved by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the City Council.

BACKGROUND
City staff is currently in discussion with Jose and Carmen Zepeda - property owners of APN 553- 030-05, and William, Cheryl, and Timothy Samarin - property owners of AP N 565 -042-14 respectively. The acquisitions consist of 2,655 square feet of new street right-of-way across APN 553-030-05 and 16,520 square feet of new street right -of-way across APN 565 -042-14.

Attachment 2 shows the areas needing to be acquired.

This right-of-way is needed for the widening of Herndon Avenue from Temperance Avenue to DeWolf Avenue. Improvements to Herndon Avenue includes construction to finish lanes, curb, gutter, drive approaches, curb ramps, landscaping, irrigation, and paving and ove rlay, as necessary to match the existing pavement.

City staff ha ve been working with the property owners since September 2021 to come to an agreement for the acquisitions. Staff has worked with the property owners to try to address issues and questions th ey have related to the acquisition and the future development of their properties. Due to lack of agreement on the terms of the acquisition and timing of the Herndon Avenue street improvements, staff is moving forward with this request for the City Council to approve the Resolution of Necessity and authorize staff to begin the eminent domain process, if necessary. The Resolution of Necessity is the first step in the eminent domain process.

Staff will continue to work with these property owners with the goa l of coming to an agreement on the terms of the right -of-way acquisition; however, the start of construction related activities on Herndon Avenue will be delayed if right-of-way is not acquired in a timely manner.

The property owners have been notified of the public hearing date and their right to appear and be heard on the Resolution of Necessity. Council is advised that the only issues under consideration at the public hearing are considering necessity to invoke eminent domain, and whether there exist relevant findings required for adopting a Resolution of Necessity. The fair market value of the property is not a proper topic for consideration or discussion at the Resolution of Necessity hearing.

The findings for the Resolution of Necessity are:

1. Public interest and necessity require the proposed project;

2. The proposed project is planned and located in the manner that will be most compatible with the greatest public good and the least private injury;

3. The property described in the Resolution is necessary for the proposed project;

4. An offer to acquire the real property, pursuant to section 7267.2 of the Government Code, was made to the owners of record as provided by law; 782
AGENDA ITEM NO. 13.

5. The City has complied with all conditions and statutory requirements necessary to exercise the power of eminent domain ("the right to take") to acquire the portion of the property described herein; and

6. The City has fully complied with all provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act for the Project.

FISCAL IMPACT
The project and related right-of-way acquisitions are budgeted and funded by Measure "C" with a local match. There are no fiscal impacts to the City of Clovis.

REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION
The eminent domain action is necessary to acquire the necessary right -of-way and allow the improvements to Herndon Avenue between Temperance and DeWolf Avenue to proceed.

ACTIONS FOLLOWING APPROVAL
Staff will pursue the eminent domain action in the manner required by law.

Prepared by: Jomar Rushdan, Management Analyst

Reviewed by: City Manager JH
783
AGENDA ITEM NO. 13.

Attachment 1
RESOLUTION 23-___

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLOVIS DETERMINING THAT

THE PUBLIC INTEREST AND NECESSITY REQUIRE ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY FOR

PUBLIC PURPOSES AND AUTHORIZING PROCEEDINGS IN EMINENT DOMAIN

WHEREAS, it appears necessary and desirable that the City of Clovis (hereinafter "City"), acquire public street easements on and over portions of two parcels of real property commonly known as APN 553-030-05 and APN 565-042-14, which are more particularly described as set forth in Attachment A , and as depicted in Attachment B attached hereto (the easement interests are hereinafter referred to as the "Property"); and

WHEREAS, the underlying project for which the Property is needed is the widening and related improvements to Herndon Avenue from Temperance Avenue to DeWolf Avenue, CIP No. 16 -09 (“Project”), and this resolution is necessary to acquire the Property, consisting of public street easements over approximately 2,655 square feet from APN 553-030-05 and 16,520 square feet from APN 565-042-14, for the Project; and

WHEREAS, a Notice of Hearing on the Intent of the City Council of the City of Clovis (hereinafter "Council") to Adopt the Resolution of Necessity was mailed to the record owners of the Property in accordance with California Code of Civil Procedure section 1245.235(a) and (b).

The Notice of Hearing advised the property owners of their right to be heard on the matters referred to therein on the date and at the time and place stated therein; and

WHEREAS, the hearing set out in the Notice of Hearing was duly held on February 21, 2023 at the time and place stated therein, and all interested parties were given an opportunity to be heard. The hearing was then closed and the matter considered by the Council, all in accordance with applicable law; and

WHEREAS, this Council has received and considered all relevant facts and evidence, including, but not limited to, the Planning and Development Services staff r eport and matters referenced therein; facts which are otherwise commonly known and matters of public record; and all other relevant and proper evidence offered at the hearing by staff, affected property owners who made timely requests for hearing, and others who appeared and were heard.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 13.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of Clovis by a vote of not less than 2/3 of its members, declares, finds, and resolves as follows:

1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct and, by this reference, incorporated herein as if set forth in full. The staff report for this Resolution of Necessity and all Attachments thereto and all Exhibits attached to this Resolution are incorporated by reference.

2. The City is auth orized to acquire the Property for the Project by eminent domain proceedings pursuant to Section 37350.5 and 40404 of the California Government Code.

3. The Property to be acquired is generally located on Herndon Avenue between Locan Avenue and DeWolf Av enue, in the City of Clovis, County of Fresno, State of California. The interests in the Property to be taken consists of those certain easements hereinafter described in the legal description attached as Attachment A, and depicted in the diagram attached as Attachment B.

4. Based on all evidence presented in this matter, the Council specifically finds and determines that:

a. The public interest and necessity require the proposed Project.

b. The proposed Project is planned or located in the manner that will be most compatible with the greatest public good and the least private injury.

c. The Property as described is necessary for the proposed Project.

d. The offers required by Section 7267 .2 of the Government Code have been made to the identified and known owners of record of the Property.

e. The City has complied with all conditions and statutory requirements necessary to exercise the power of eminent domain ("the right to take") to acquire the portion of the Property described herein.

5. The ease ment interests in the Property which are authorized to be acquired by this resolution are as delineated on the attached exhibits, being real property completely situated within the territorial boundaries of the City.

6. The City plans that the date of us e of the Property for the Project will be within seven years from the date the complaint for eminent domain proceedings is filed.

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7. The City Attorney of the City of Clovis is authorized and directed to institute and conduct to conclusion in the name of the City, proceedings in eminent domain. The proceedings are to be in accordance with the provisions of the California Constitution and the Code of Civil Procedure in order to acquire in the name of the City easements in and to a portion of the Property herein described and such other interests as may be necessary for construction and operation of the Project. This Council finds and determines the public interest, necessity, and welfare require prejudgment possession of the Property as soon as the same ma y be lawfully obtained. The City Attorney is authorized and directed to obtain such possession.

8. The Director of Finance of the City is authorized to pay, out of funds authorized or received, for the acquisition of the Property, for prejudgment possession of the Property, and for all other costs and expenses of acquisition, including, but not limited to, final compensation for the take and all fees and costs charged for City services in connection with this litigation.

9. The City Manager and City Attorney are hereby authorized, without further action of this Council, to enter into any settlement regarding acquisition of the Property by way of agreement and/or stipulation so long as the settlement is based upon approved evidence and appraisal opinion.

* * * * *

The foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Clovis held on March 6, 2023, by the following vote, to wit.

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

DATED: March 6, 2023

______________________________ ______________________________ Mayor City Clerk

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LEGAL DESCRIPTION

APN: A Portion of 553-030-05
Herndon Avenue Right-of-Way Dedication

That portion of Lot 1 of Tract No. 2134, Sierra View Estates, according to the map thereof recorded in Volume 23 of Plats, at Page 57, Fresno County Records, lying in the Northeast Quarter of Section 2, Township 13 South, Range 21 East, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian, according to the Official Plat thereof, in the State of California, C ounty of Fresno, more particularly described as follows:

COMMENCING at the North Quarter corner of said Section 2; thence South 0°06'55" West, along the West line of said Northeast Quarter, a distance of 115.66 feet; thence South 89°53'05" East, a distance of 30.00 feet to the East line of Locan Avenue, as shown on said Tract Map and the POINT OF BEGINNING;
thence South 72°30'44" East, along the South line of Herndon Avenue, as shown on said Tract Map, a distance of 10.48 feet to a point of intersection thereof with a line which is parallel with and 40.00 feet East of said West line;
thence South 0°06'55" West, along said parallel line, a distance of 238.97 feet;

thence South 11°25'31" West, a distance of 50.99 feet to the East line of said Locan Avenue and a point of intersection thereof with a line which is parallel with and 30.00 feet East of said West line;
thence North 0°06'55" East, along last said parallel line, a distance of 292.10 feet to the POINT OF BEGINNING.

Containing an area of 2,655 square feet or 0.06 acres, more or less.

The above described Right-of-Way Dedication is graphically depicted on the attached Exhibit "B" and made a part of this description by reference thereto.

END DESCRIPTION

This legal description was prepared by me, or under my direction, in accordance with the Professional Land Surveyors' Act.

Blair, Church & Flynn
April 2. 2021
Date
P:1218-03691_Docwnents \Legaldescription \553-030-05\218369_APN -553-030-05_ROW_Herndon_Legaldescription.Docx Attachment A of Attachment 1 787
AGENDA ITEM NO. 13.
...t_

LEGAL DESCRIPTION

APN: A Portion of 565-042-14
Herndon Avenue Right-of-Way Dedication

A portion of that parcel of land granted by that Gift Deed, recorded December 30, 1993, as Document No. 93204334, of Official Records of Fresno County, lying in the Southeast Quarter of Section 35, Township 12 South, Range 21 East, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian, according to the Official Plat thereof, in the State of California, County of Fresno, more particularly described as follows:

COMMENCING at the Southwest corner of said Southeast Quarter; thence North 00°46'17" East, along the West line said Southeast Quarter, a distance of 50.17 feet; thence South 89°13'43" East, a distance of 30.00 feet to a point of intersection thereof with a line which is parallel with and 30.00 feet East of said West line and the POINT OF BEGINNING;

thence North 00°46'17" East, along said parallel line, a distance of 3.47 feet; thence leaving said parallel line, South 45°08'00" East, a distance of 28.15 feet; thence North 89°33'40" East, a distance of 600.38 feet to a point of intersection thereof with a line which is parallel with and

43.00 feet North of the South line of said Southeast Quarter; thence South 89°33'27" East, along last said parallel line, a distance of 455.38 feet; thence leaving last said parallel line, South 88°40'34" East, a distance of 845.10 feet to a point of intersection thereof with a line which is parallel with and 30.00 feet North of said South line; thence North 89°33'27" West, along last said parallel line, a distance of 1,900.93 feet to the northeasterly line of that certain parcel of land as described in the Grant Deed to the County of Fresno, recorded February 23, 1995 as Document No. 95023556, Official Records of said County; thence North 44°23'34" West, leaving last said parallel line and along said northeasterly line, a distance of 28.20 feet to the POINT OF BEGINNING.

Containing an area of 16,520 square feet or 0.38 acres, more or less.

END DESCRIPTION

This legal description was prepared by me, or under my direction, in accordance with the Professional Land Surveyors' Act.

Type text here

Analisa RaquelGnzales,PLS9496
Blair, Church & Flynn

April 2, 2021
Date

P:1218,0369 \_Documents \Legaldescription \565-042-141218369_APN -565-042-14_ROW_Legaldescription.Docx 788
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Attachment B of Attachment 1
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E Herndon Ave
N Locan Ave
Copyright nearmap 2015
µ
553-030-05
Zepeda Jose Luis & Carmen
Existing Property Lines ROW to be Acquired
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CIP 16-09
APN: 565-042-14
ROW2020-14
Existing Property Line ROW to be Acquisition4/26/2021 0 5025Feet De Wolf
De
Wolf
Locust
Herndon
Alluvial
Copyright nearmap 2015
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Attachment 3
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 13.

TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Administration Department
DATE: March 6, 2023
SUBJECT: Receive and File – Economic Dev elopment, Housing and Communications Update.

Staff: Chad McCollum , Economic Development, Housing and Communications Director
Recommendation: Receive and File

ATTACHMENTS: 1. None.

Economic Development, Housing and Communications Director Chad McCollum will provide a verbal presentation on this item.

Please direct questions to the City Manager’s office at 559-324-2060. 801
AGENDA ITEM NO. 14.

TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Administration
DATE: March 6, 2023
SUBJECT: Consider – Various items related to the Retail Market Survey and Land Use Evaluation of the Shaw Avenue corridor.

a. Receive and File - Results of the Retail Market Survey & Land Use Evaluation of the Shaw Avenue corridor.

b. Consider Approval - For the City to enter into an agreement with Kosmont Companies to provide a Fiscal Impact and Economic Benefit Analysis for the redevelopment of existing retail space in the Shaw Avenue corridor in the amount of $25,000.

Staff: Chad McCollum, Economic Development , Housing and Communications Director
Recommendation: Receive and File and Approve

ATTACHMENTS: 1. Retail Market Survey & Land Use Survey by Kosmont Companies

2. Draft Agreement of Work Plan for Real Estate Advisory / Implementation Services

RECOMMENDATION
For the City Council to receive and file a Retail Market Survey and Land Use Evaluation and authorize the City Manager to enter into an agreement with Kosmont Companies to initiate a Phase 2 economic development study pertaining to Shaw Avenue Corridor.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In May 2021, the City of Clovis retained Kosmont Companies to produce a Retail Market Survey & Land Use Evaluation (Attachment 1) to analyze the existing retail market conditions in Clovis 802
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.
as well as examining land uses which could potentially replace underperforming retail locations and identify economic development tools to attract and optimize future development.

The study focused on changing retail trends, changing work trends such as work from home, and how an increase in e-commerce will impact our real estate landscape.

Following the completion of these services, Staff has determined that additional analysis of targeted development projects in the City, with a focus on the Sierra Vista Mall, would be beneficial and is seeking approval from City Council (Attachment 2) to move forward. Findings from the phase 2 study would provide input into the General Plan update currently underway.

BACKGROUND
The City of Clovis Economic Development Team has worked closely with business owners and developers to find uses for underutilized properties along the Shaw Avenue Corridor. This past decade has seen a growth in hotel development, as well as national brand retail stores and restaurants. The Shaw Avenue Corridor has outperformed other older commercial corridors but has the potential to continue to function as an even greater economic engine for the City of Clovis. Some property is underutilized or is vacant including several major commercial c enters such as Sierra Vista Mall and Village Square shopping centers. The retail market has shifted significantly in the past decade and requires the City to analyze the mix of uses the market is demanding to ensure continued vibrancy of the corridor.

Kosmont Companies completed an analysis of the retail market as well as other land uses indicating there are opportunities to accommodate other land uses along the Shaw Avenue corridor that would improve the marketability and value of properties currently s truggling to find users.

It is proposed to continue working with Kosmont Companies, in a Phase 2 of their already comprehensive work in the Phase 1 Retail Market Survey & Land Use Evaluation. While Phase 1 was a macro economic study of our city and regio n, Phase 2 will use changing retail market trends and focus in on a potential redevelopment project of the Sierra Vista Mall, identifying possible future uses which could maximize the location’s economic benefit to the City of Clovis.

The study is not mean t to only look at the Mall, but the findings will be provided in such a way as to be able to be applied to additional real estate throughout the Corridor and City. These findings could be considered as part of the General Plan Update process that is in pro cess.

Implementing land use changes along the corridors is one of the most significant tools the City has to encourage redevelopment and economic growth along the corridor.

Kosmont Companies is a real estate and economic consulting firm, specializing in working with public agencies to maximize their economic growth potential by, among other things, identifying possible uses for underutilized real estate.

FISCAL IMPACT
Costs to cover this agreement are available in the Economic Development budget for the fiscal year 2022 – 2023. One time cost associated with this agreement is $25,000.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION
Staff is interested in additional data and analysis on the Shaw Avenue Corridor, in particular, building upon the research and work already undertaken by Kosmont Companies during the first phase of their study.

ACTIONS FOLLOWING APPROVAL
After approval by the Council, the City Manager will execute the agreement with Kosmont, after which City Staff will begin work with Kosmont on beginning Phase 2 of their Shaw Avenue Corridor study.

Prepared by: Chad McCollum, Economic Development Director

Reviewed by: City Manager JH
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2301 Rosecrans Ave. Suite 4140
El Segundo, CA 90245
TEL: 424-297-1070 | URL: www.kosmont.com

CITY OF CLOVIS

RETAIL MARKET SURVEY &

LAND USE EVALUATION
SEPTEMBER 2021, UPDATED FEBRUARY 2023
Attachment 1
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KOSMONT COMPANIES | 2

INTRODUCTION
Kosmont Companies ("Kosmont"), a real estate & economics advisory firm serving hundreds of cities and local governments for over 36 years, has been retained by the City of Clovis ("City") to 1) develop a retail market survey (“Survey”) and 2) examine other land uses that could replace or rejuvenate ailing retail locations and identify economic development tools to attract and optimize future development ("Land Use Evaluation").
▪ Kosmont's expertise covers a full range of economics & real estate advisory services including:
➢ Market and Feasibility Analyses
➢ Fiscal Impact & Economic Benefit Studies
➢ Economic Development Strategies & Implementation
➢ Business/Retailer & Developer Recruitment
➢ Identification of Funding Sources & Financing Strategies ➢ Public-Private Transaction Structuring & Negotiation
▪ Winning track record of initiating and implementing projects for municipalities ➢ In-house team includes economists, registered municipal advisors, financial analysts, lawyers, real estate professionals, former city managers & economic development department heads
➢ Extensive network of brokers, investors and market data for real-time information, and industry leadership Disclaimer: The analyses, projections, assumptions, and any examples presented herein are for illustrative purposes and are not a guarantee of actual and/or future results. Actual results are difficult to predict as a function of market conditions, natural disasters, pandemics, legislation and administrative actions.

Note: If needed, Financial Advisory and Real Estate Brokerage services can be provided by Kosmont Financial Services, Inc. (SEC / MSRB Registered Municipal Advisor) and Kosmont Real Estate Services, Inc. (Licensed Real Estate Brokerage Firm), respectively. 806
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RETAIL MARKET SURVEY & LAND USE EVALUATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary Page 4
Retail Market Survey Page 9

1. Demographic/Economic Profile Page 10

2. Retail Market Existing Conditions Page 29

3. Competitive Retail Page 38
Land Use Evaluation Page 54

4. Land Use Trends Page 55

5. Evaluation of Potential Land Uses Page 67

6. Economic Development Tools Page 89
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
Demographic / Economic Profile
 Large population within City (~124,100) and significant population capture (~844,900) within a 30-minute drive time from Sierra Vista Mall (“Mall”). A 30-minute drive time was observed based on the true trade area of the Mall
 Approximately 70% of all visitors to the Mall were not only coming from Clovis and Fresno, but from as far southeast as Fowler, Parlier, Reedley, Sanger, and Selma
 Slightly older population in City (median age of 37 is higher than Fresno County; similar to State). Y ounger populations are captured within 30- minutes of Sierra Vista Mall (median age of 33)
 Average household size of 2.84 is less than Fresno County and similar to State; Average household income for the City is 28% higher than County, but 10% less than the State
 37% of Clovis residents have bachelor’s degrees or higher (50% higher than County; slightly less than State)
 Clovis residents spend approximately $1.3 billion on key retail goods and services. Major expenditure categories include: groceries (23% of spending), vehicle payments/gasoline (21%), restaurants (16%), apparel (9%), and household supplies and furnishings (9%)
 Unemployment in the City increased by over 100% from 3.8% in 2019 to

8.1% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; Unemployment has since decreased and has reached below pre-pandemic levels
 Clovis’ jobs / housing ratio is lower than County and State, indicating a possible need for more jobs in the City. Most workers who live in the City travel to Fresno, Visalia, Madera, Los Angeles, and Sanger to go to work  Historically, 39% of Clovis’ tax revenues come from sales and use taxes and TOT compared to 30% across all California Cities.
 In the five-year period from 2016-2021, Clovis saw a 45% increase in sales tax revenue, while County Pool revenues have grown significantly by 81% due to the rise in e-commerce sales
 Although the COVID-19 pandemic did cause a decline in sales tax revenues due to lockdowns (28% decrease in Q1 2020), the City recovered quickly and experienced a 29% increase in Q2 2020. Clovis’ sales tax revenues in 2021 exceeded pre-COVID-19 pandemic revenues by over $5.5 million 808
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KOSMONT COMPANIES | 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
(CONT’D)
Retail Market Existing Conditions
 Retail:
➢ Clovis has a large retail market (7.25 million SF) and 56% of the retail space in the City can be found along the Shaw Ave. Corridor (“Corridor”). Additionally, 78% of all retail vacancy in the City is also along the Corridor
➢ Over the last 15 years, retail vacancy along the Corridor fluctuated from 5.4% in 2007 to 12.9% in 2011. Vacancy doubled during the Great Recession and ~31,000 SF of retail was constructed along the Corridor in the 11-year period between 2007 and 2018
➢ Retail vacancy decreased by 30% from year-end 2019 to year-end 2022 as more vacant space became absorbed. However, the pandemic did limit construction of retail space along the Corridor with 3,600 SF added to the market
➢ According to CoStar, there are is no retail space currently planned, proposed, or under construction in the Corridor
➢ The Great Recession did cause a slowdown in retail construction in the City with just ~36,000 SF built between 2008 and 2011 ➢ The two largest changes in retail inventory occurred in 2013 with the opening of Clovis Crossing shopping center in the northern end of the City, including the 190,000 SF Walmart anchor, and in 2019 with the 150,000 SF Costco along the Shaw Ave. Corridor
➢ Although restaurant and entertainment uses each comprise less than 6% of retail space in the Shaw Ave. Corridor and the City, 20% of key retail expenditures by households are in dining and entertainment ➢ Experiential uses (dining and entertainment) are key drivers of foot traffic and could help shape the reimagination of retail space ➢ ~1M SF of retail space along the Corridor plus 400,000 SF outside the Corridor is over 40 years old, there may be opportunities for renovated / reimagined space as part of blended-use development (including commercial and multi-family residential)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
(CONT’D)
Competitive Retail
 Placer.ai is a mobility data provider that tracks movements of over 30 million people in the U.S. via anonymized mobile app data. This information can reveal visitation trends to / from retailers, store visit performance.

Visitor data was culled from Jan. 2019 to Jun. 2021 for the Sierra Vista Mall (“Mall”) and competitive centers within a 15-mile radius  The Mall ranks 7th in visitor traffic, down from 4th in 2019, with ~429,400 monthly visits between 1/1/19 and 6/23/21 (~534,100 average monthly visits pre-COVID, ~355,509 post-COVID)
 The malls located in Clovis draw visitors from a more local area with 66- 68% of visitors living less than 7 miles from the centers, while some Fresno malls, including Fashion Fair and River Park, draw over 40% of their visitors from over 10 miles away
 Fashion Fair and River Park capture additional visitors from northern and western areas, such as Firebaugh, Kerman, Madera, and Mendota, in addition to capturing visitors within Sierra Vista Mall’s true trade area (85% of Mall’s true trade area* is covered by these centers)  In addition to observing regional competition, Kosmont examined visitation trends across the eight largest retail centers in Clovis (by gross leasable area [“GLA”])
 The Sierra Vista Mall (“Mall”) received the most visitors of among the largest centers located in Clovis pre-COVID. Post-COVID the Mall has lagged behind in visitors to Clovis Commons and Clovis Crossing  Visitors to Sierra Vista Mall have average HH incomes ($76,100). Visitors to centers in the northern end of the City (such as those along Herndon Ave. – Clovis Commons and Clovis Crossing) have higher average household incomes ($85,500 to $89,900). Comparatively, visitors to centers located on the southern end of the City have lower average incomes ranging from $60,000 to $80,800)
 The retail centers in Clovis compete with each other and primarily draw local visitors. 66% to 77% of visitor traffic comes from within 7 miles. 72% to 87% of these centers’ true trade area overlaps with the true trade area of the Sierra Vista Mall
Notes: *True trade area refers to the area captured by 70% of a retail center’s visitors. 810
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – LAND USE EVALUATION
Land Use Trends
 Retail: Retail store closures, bankruptcies, and e-commerce has changed economics of retail centers; Retail centers are being reimagined into mixed/blended use developments; Retail is driven by trip-generators like entertainment, experience, and essential
 Office: Leasing activity has declined as remote work becomes new normal; shift to suburban offices and integrating office amenities in blended use environments
 Industrial: E-commerce is accelerating growth of industrial; Significant demand for fulfillment, last-mile, flex / R&D, and warehouse facilities  Residential: Home have become live, play, and work environments; Home offices are the new home amenity as single and multifamily housing projects are designed to accommodate work space
 Hospitality: The hospitality sector (including conventions and tourism) was hurt significantly by the COVID-19 pandemic; Leisure travel is showing signs of rebounding
Evaluation of Potential Land Uses
 After evaluating the demand for retail, Kosmont observed the market demand for office, industrial (including flex space), residential (multifamily) and hospitality (hotel) uses in the City
 Existing supply conditions from the most recent available quarter (Q4 2022) were observed in the City, the Clovis/Fresno Market Area (“Market Area”)*, and Fresno County (“County”)
 Office:
➢ Clovis has a small (8% of office space in Market Area), but growing office market (~2.2M SF) with 40% of the space in the market being constructed in the last 15 years
➢ 72,000 SF of office space is currently under construction and 137,300 SF is proposed; Current office vacancy is 5.7%, office gross rents are $23.40 PSF/Year, both lower than Market Area and County ➢ Approximately 156,500 SF of the office space over 40 years old could be replaced / reimagined
Notes: *For this analysis, Kosmont observed the combined areas of the Cities of Clovis and Fresno as a regional reference or “Market Area”. 811
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – LAND USE EVALUATION
(CONT’D)
Evaluation of Potential Land Uses (cont’d)
 Industrial / Flex:
➢ Clovis has a small (5% of Market Area) and very strong industrial market (3.2M SF) with 0.1% vacancy and $9.00 rents (lower vacancy and higher rents compared to Market Area and County)
➢ Market is relatively new (18% of space is over 40 years old), but 315,200 SF built in the last 15 years; 13,600 SF under construction and 13,600 proposed in City
➢ Approximately 288,100 SF of the office space over 40 years old could be replaced / reimagined
 Multifamily Residential:
➢ The multifamily residential market in Clovis is strong – current vacancy of 3.0%, current asking rents at $1,477 per month, lower vacancy and higher rents compared to Market Area and County); 8,946 existing multifamily housing units in the City
➢ Significant construction in last 3 years – 1,012 multifamily units; Housing can be the emphasis to meet RHNA requirements
 Hotel:
➢ The hotel market in Clovis contains 12 existing and operational hotels totaling 1,018 rooms; Neighboring Fresno has 70 hotels totaling 6,007 rooms
➢ In addition to a 111-room Residence Inn under construction in Clovis, there is one hotel proposed (158 rooms) and five hotels in final planning (537 rooms)
➢ If planned and proposed hotels are built, the supply of hotel rooms will meet / exceed the estimated demand for hotel rooms in the next 15 years; Oversaturation could negatively impact existing older hotels Economic Development Tools
 City could consider using economic development “currencies” such as STAR*®, D.O.R.®, and EIFD, along with grant programs, to help finance infrastructure and blended use development that will attract, finance, and optimize development opportunities to replace or enhance retail locations  ~1.14M SF of commercial space older than 40 years could be reimagined as blended use
Notes: *8,977 units needed for Clovis per RHNA
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RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
City of Clovis – Retail Market Survey & Land Use Evaluation 813
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DEMOGRAPHIC/ECONOMIC PROFILE

RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
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SUMMARY

DEMOGRAPHIC/ECONOMIC PROFILE
 Large population within City (~124,100) and significant population capture (~844,900) within a 30-minute drive time from Sierra Vista Mall (“Mall”)
 A 30-minute drive time was observed based on the true trade area of the Mall. Approximately 70% of all visitors to the Mall were not only coming from Clovis and Fresno, but from as far southeast as Fowler, Parlier, Reedley, Sanger, and Selma  Slightly older population in City (median age of 37 is higher than Fresno County; similar to State). Y ounger populations are captured within 30-minutes of Sierra Vista Mall (median age of 33)  Average household size of 2.84 is less than Fresno County and similar to State; Average household income for the City is 28% higher than County, but 10% less than the State
 37% of Clovis residents have bachelor’s degrees or higher (50% higher than County; slightly less than State)
 Clovis residents spend approximately $1.3 billion on key retail goods and services. Major expenditure categories include:
groceries (23% of spending), vehicle payments/gasoline (21%), restaurants (16%), apparel (9%), and household supplies and furnishings (9%). Similar findings were seen among households within a 30-minute drive time of Sierra Vista Mall
 Unemployment in the City increased by over 100% from 3.8% in 2019 to 8.1% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic;
Unemployment has since decreased and has gone below pre- pandemic levels
 Clovis’ jobs / housing ratio is lower than County and State, indicating a possible need for more jobs in the City. Most workers who live in the City travel to Fresno, Visalia, Madera, Los Angeles, and Sanger to go to work
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SUMMARY
DEMOGRAPHIC/ECONOMIC PROFILE (CONT’D)
 Historically, 39% of Clovis’ tax revenues come from sales and use taxes and TOT compared to 30% across all California Cities.

Although this would have made the City more susceptible to the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the City saw an increase in sales tax revenue. This is likely because many residents living southeast of Clovis rely on the retail centers for essential items and travel was restricted during the State’s COVID-19 lockdowns
 In the five-year period from 2016-2021, Clovis saw a 45% increase in sales tax revenue, while County Pool revenues have grown significantly by 81% due to the rise in e-commerce sales  Although the COVID-19 pandemic did cause a decline in sales tax revenues due to lockdowns (28% decrease in Q1 2020), the City recovered quickly and experienced a 29% increase in Q2 2020.

Clovis’ sales tax revenues in 2021 exceeded pre-COVID-19 pandemic revenues by over $5.5 million
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CITY LIMITS AND
SHAW AVE.

CORRIDOR
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online (Accessed February 2023); Note: The City of Clovis has a key concentration of retail along the Shaw Ave. Corridor. For this analysis, the boundaries for this corridor are from Winery Ave. and CA-168 on the west, Barstow Ave. to the north, Gettysburg Ave. to the south, and Armstrong Ave. to the east.

Fresno
City Limits
Clovis City
Limits
Madera County
Fresno County
Shaw Ave.

Corridor
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POPULATION & INCOME

CITY, COUNTIES, AND STATE
2022 Clovis
City
Fresno
County
California
State
Population 124,096 1,019,104 39,770,476
Households 43,590 323,286 13,570,050
Average HH Size 2.84 3.10 2.86
Median Age 36.6 32.7 36.7
% Bachelor's Degree
or Higher 37.0% 24.7% 37.8%
% Hispanic Origin 30.7% 53.7% 39.4%
Per Capita Income $40,711 $28,652 $44,265
Median HH Income $88,775 $63,121 $88,930
Average HH Income $115,792 $90,193 $129,367
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online (Accessed June 2021; Updated February 2023) 818
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TRUE TRADE

AREA FOR SIERRA

VISTA MALL
(BASED ON

VISITATION FROM
1/1/19 – 6/23/21)
Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021); Note: The true trade area represents 70% of visitors to the Sierra Vista Mall within the selected timeframe. As shown above, many visitors come from as far southeast as Fowler, Parlier, Reedley, Sanger, and Selma. 819
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RADIUS AND

DRIVE TIMES
(10-20-30

MINUTES FROM

SIERRA VISTA
MALL – 1050
SHAW AVE.)
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online (Accessed June 2021; Updated February 2023) 10 minutes
20 minutes
Madera County
Fresno County
Tulare County
30 minutes
20 Miles
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POPULATION & INCOME

RADIUS AND DRIVE TIMES
2022 10 Minutes 20 Minutes 30 Minutes 20 Miles
Population 158,923 625,822 844,851 891,668
Households 54,812 207,316 275,028 288,856
Average HH Size 2.86 2.97 3.03 3.05
Median Age 34.4 33.2 33.2 33.2
% Bachelor's Degree
or Higher 31.5% 28.4% 26.9% 26.4%
% Hispanic Origin 35.8% 46.7% 49.2% 50.2%
Per Capita Income $33,984 $30,633 $30,132 $29,946
Median HH Income $75,643 $64,473 $65,133 $65,035
Average HH Income $98,476 $92,331 $92,399 $92,294
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online (Accessed June 2021; Updated February 2023) 821
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 18

TAPESTRY SEGMENT PROFILES

CITY OF CLOVIS
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online (Accessed June 2021; Updated February 2023) “Tapestries” in City Percent Sample Characteristics
Boomburbs 24.3%
- New growth market with young professionals with families that have opted to move to new housing in the suburbs
- Affluent market with high education (55% college graduates) and 84% homeownership, though there is a higher proportion of mortgages
- Low unemployment with most households containing more than two workers - Style matters to this segment from personal appearance to their homes and physical fitness is a priority
- This is a top market for technology and are well connected Exurbanites 10.4%
- Well-educated, older residents who are close to retirement; Less labor participation (60%) - Many residents are empty-nesters or married with no children (avg. HH size = 2.50) - Residents are active in their communities and are seasoned travelers. They take advantage of being near large metro regions, but prefer a more expansive home style in less crowded neighborhoods; Many work from home and/or are self-employed - High education and incomes; High levels of home ownership (85%) - Purchases reflect quality over cost-consciousness; Preference towards luxury cars, natural/organic products, and home improvement goods
- Gardening and home improvement are priorities, but residents also use many services such as home care and maintenance to personal care
- Residents are well-connected and use the internet to do shopping and manage finances 822
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 19Source: Zillow.com (Accessed February 2023) $717K
$329K
$366K
$477K

HOME VALUE HISTORY
2013 - 2022
823
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 20

RETAIL GOODS

AND SERVICES

EXPENDITURES
Current Residents City of
Clovis
% Share
Per HH
Residents in 30-minute drive-
time of Sierra Vista Mall
% Share
Per HH
Households: 43,590 - 275,028 -
Average HH Income $115,792 - $92,399 -
Avg. HH Expenditures
for Select Categories
Food at Home $6,634 22.6% $5,472 22.9%
Food Away From Home $4,738 16.1% $3,904 16.3%
Alcohol $773 2.6% $618 2.6%
Housekeeping Supplies $953 3.2% $771 3.2%
Household Furnishings / Equipment $1,766 6.0% $1,402 5.9% Apparel $2,637 9.0% $2,159 9.0%
Vehicle Payments (excl. leases) $3,278 11.2% $2,606 10.9% Gasoline / Motor Fuel $2,945 10.0% $2,463 10.3%
Health
(OTC/PrescriptionDrugs, Eyewear) $687 2.3% $541 2.3%
Fees / Admission $969 3.3% $750 3.1%
TV / Video / Audio Equipment $1,417 4.8% $1,152 4.8%
Pets $862 2.9% $675 2.8%
Toys / Games / Hobby $146 0.5% $117 0.5%
Personal Care Products $618 2.1% $505 2.1%
Reading $126 0.4% $101 0.4%
Education (School Books and Supplies) $165 0.6% $136 0.6% Tobacco Products $418 1.4% $358 1.5%
Sports / Recreation / Exercise Equipment $230 0.8% $181 0.8% Total Per Household $29,362 100.0% $23,911 100.0%
Total Annual Spending Potential $1,279,886,200 - $6,576,230,000 - The ~43,600 households within
Clovis spend approximately $1.3
billion annually on key retail goods
and services.

The ~275,000 households within a
30-minute drive time of Sierra Vista
Mall spend approximately $6.6 billion
across these select retail expenditure
categories.

Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online (Accessed June 2021; Updated February 2023); Note: The Fees/Admission category primarily reflects spending on entertainment, including tickets to the theatre, movies, parks/museums, and sporting events. 824
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 21

9.1%

7.9%

5.3% 4.6%

4.0% 3.8%

8.1%

5.4%

3.1%

11.7%

10.3%

9.5% 8.6%

7.6% 7.4%

11.7%

9.2%

6.3%

7.6%

6.3%

5.5%

4.8%

4.3% 4.1%

10.2%

7.3%

4.1%
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Clovis Fresno County California

UNEMPLOYMENT HISTORY

CITY, COUNTY, AND STATE
Source: California Employment Development Department (Accessed August 2022); Notes: Numbers are not seasonally adjusted. Annual averages are observed for years 2014 to 2022.

Unemployment Rate (Dec 2022)
Clovis 2.8%
Fresno County 6.2%
California 3.7%
825
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 22

EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY

CITY OF CLOVIS
Resident Employed Population (Age 16+)
Sector Share
Health Care and Social Assistance 19.7%
Educational Services 14.6%
Retail Trade 8.8%
Accommodation and Food Services 8.5%
Public Administration 7.4%
Construction 5.3%
Administration & Support, Waste Management and Remediation 5.1% Manufacturing 4.9%
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 4.1%
Wholesale Trade 3.5%
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 3.2%
Transportation and Warehousing 3.2%
Other Services (excluding Public Administration) 3.0%
Finance and Insurance 2.6%
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 1.7%
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 1.4%
Information 1.3%
Utilities 0.9%
Management of Companies and Enterprises 0.8%
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 0.1%
Workers Employed in City (Age 16+)
Sector Share
Health Care and Social Assistance 18.4%
Educational Services 18.4%
Retail Trade 16.4%
Accommodation and Food Services 13.1%
Construction 6.2%
Administration & Support, Waste Management and Remediation 4.7% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 4.1%
Manufacturing 4.0%
Public Administration 2.9%
Other Services (excluding Public Administration) 2.9%
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 1.7%
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 1.6%
Finance and Insurance 1.4%
Transportation and Warehousing 1.3%
Wholesale Trade 1.1%
Information 0.9%
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 0.9%
Management of Companies and Enterprises 0.1%
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 0.0%
Utilities 0.0%
“Industries in which City residents work” “Jobs in the City” Source: U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies (2019, Accessed February 2023); Notes: Categorized by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Industry Sectors 826
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 23
Outflow:

Where Residents Commute To For Work
City Count Percentage
Fresno city, CA 24,420 49.2%
Clovis city, CA 8,442 17.0%
Visalia city, CA 770 1.6%
Madera city, CA 607 1.2%
Los Angeles city, CA 507 1.0%
Sanger city, CA 446 0.9%
San Jose city, CA 307 0.6%
Hanford city, CA 301 0.6%
San Francisco city, CA 284 0.6%
Reedley city, CA 264 0.5%
Sacramento city, CA 251 0.5%
Bakersfield city, CA 245 0.5%
Selma city, CA 230 0.5%
Tulare city, CA 218 0.4%
Chowchilla city, CA 182 0.4%
Modesto city, CA 172 0.3%
Stockton city, CA 169 0.3%
Porterville city, CA 162 0.3%
Kerman city, CA 156 0.3%
San Diego city, CA 149 0.3%
Kingsburg city, CA 141 0.3%
Oakland city, CA 114 0.2%
Lemoore city, CA 100 0.2%
Merced city, CA 100 0.2%
Old Fig Garden CDP, CA 100 0.2%
All Other Locations 10,758 21.7%
Inflow:

Where Workers Come From
City Count Percentage
Fresno city, CA 13,896 39.4%
Clovis city, CA 8,442 23.9%
Sanger city, CA 499 1.4%
Visalia city, CA 347 1.0%
Madera city, CA 325 0.9%
Selma city, CA 318 0.9%
Tarpey Village CDP, CA 273 0.8%
Reedley city, CA 230 0.7%
San Jose city, CA 197 0.6%
Bonadelle-Madera Ranchos CDP, CA 168 0.5%
Dinuba city, CA 153 0.4%
Bakersfield city, CA 143 0.4%
Sunnyside CDP, CA 141 0.4%
Hanford city, CA 137 0.4%
Kerman city, CA 134 0.4%
Old Fig Garden CDP, CA 134 0.4%
Tulare city, CA 131 0.4%
Kingsburg city, CA 130 0.4%
Modesto city, CA 130 0.4%
Porterville city, CA 129 0.4%
Merced city, CA 114 0.3%
Mayfair CDP, CA 110 0.3%
Los Angeles city, CA 104 0.3%
Parlier city, CA 104 0.3%
Fowler city, CA 93 0.3%
All Other Locations 8,670 24.6%
WORKER

DESTINATIONS &

ORIGINS

CITY OF CLOVIS
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies (2019, Accessed February 2023) 827
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 24

WORKER INFLOW / OUTFLOW
Workers employed in the
City but living outside
Workers living & employed in the City
Workers living in the City
but employed outside
*Employment Ratio = People employed
within City (living and working in City +
those who come into the City for work) /
Employed population of City (living and
working in City + workers who live in the
City, but work outside of the City)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Center for
Economic Studies (2019); City of Clovis
ACFR FY 2021-2022 (Accessed June 2021;
Updated February 2023)
Reference: City of Clovis
Workers Living and Working 8,442
Workers Coming (Inflow) 26,810
Workers Going (Outflow) 41,153
Net Inflow/Outflow (14,343)
Employment Ratio* 0.71
 Major industry sectors in the City of
Clovis include: health care and social
assistance, educational services, retail
trade, accommodation and food services,
and construction
 Employees who work in the City come
from the following areas: Fresno, Sanger,
Visalia, Madera, and Selma
 Most residents who work outside of the
City go to the following areas: Fresno,
Visalia, Madera, Los Angeles, and Sanger
 T op 5 Employers in Clovis include:
➢ Clovis Unified School District
(5,196 employees)
➢ Clovis Community Hospital
(3,074 employees)
➢ County of Fresno (1,402 employees)
➢ Wal-Mart (750 employees)
➢ City of Clovis (702 employees)
828
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 25

JOBS / HOUSING

BALANCE
2022 Clovis
City
Fresno
County
California
State
Employment 31,221 347,069 16,426,737
Households 43,590 323,286 13,570,050
Jobs / Housing Ratio 0.72 1.07 1.21
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online (Accessed June 2021; Updated February 2023) 829
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 26

TAX REVENUES (HISTORIC CONTEXT)
CITY OF CLOVIS VS. CALIFORNIA CITIES
Sales and Use
Tax: 34.7%
Property Tax:

41.2%
Franchise
Tax: 4.2%
BLT:

7.7%
TOT: 3.8% Prop. Transfer
Tax: 1.1%
Source: California State Controller’s Office, City Revenues FY 2017-2018 (Accessed June 2021) Notes: Includes both functional and general tax revenues. Property Taxes includes: in-lieu of MVLF, secured, unsecured, and other property tax revenue categories. Other Taxes includes:
interest, penalties, delinquent taxes, transportation taxes (transit and non-transit), employer payroll tax, construction development taxes, parking taxes, admission taxes, and all other taxes.

Transportation taxes comprise most of the revenue labeled “Other Taxes”. In Clovis, no revenues were collected from Utility User Taxes.

Sales and Use
Tax: 22.0%
Property Tax:

40.5%
Other Taxes:

10.7%
Franchise Tax: 4.0%
TOT: 8.1%
BLT: 5.8%
Prop.

Transfer
Tax: 2.9%
Utility User
Tax: 6.0%
California Cities’ T ax RevenuesCity of Clovis
Other
Taxes:

7.3%
830
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 27

TAX REVENUES

SALES TAX & TOT EXPOSURE
Source: California State Controller’s Office, City Revenues FY 2017-2018 (Accessed June 2021) Risk from Sales
Tax Exposure
(Sales Tax >25%)
Risk from Sales &
Hotel Tax
Exposure
Risk from Hotel
Tax Exposure
(TOT > 10%)
Clovis
The median California
city collects > 1/3 of
tax revenue from sales
tax + TOT
831
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 28

SALES TAX HISTORY
CITY SAW NO DECLINE IN SALES TAX REVENUE DUE TO COVID-19, EXCEPT FOR Q1 2020 $0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
$7,000,000
$8,000,000
Q1
2016
Q2
2016
Q3
2016
Q4
2016
Q1
2017
Q2
2017
Q3
2017
Q4
2017
Q1
2018
Q2
2018
Q3
2018
Q4
2018
Q1
2019
Q2
2019
Q3
2019
Q4
2019
Q1
2020
Q2
2020
Q3
2020
Q4
2020
Q1
2021
Q2
2021
Q3
2021
Q4
2021
Clovis County Pool
Source: CA DOF (Accessed February 2023)
Note: 5-Year Growth from 2016-2021 was measured given no information for County Pool was provided in 2022.

City and County Pool Sales Tax Revenue
by Quarter, Q1 2016 – Q4 2021 Year Clovis County
Pool
Pool
Share
2016 $17,964,000 $2,423,000 13.5%
2017 $18,572,000 $2,616,000 14.1%
2018 $19,133,000 $2,813,000 14.7%
2019 $20,494,000 $3,087,000 15.1%
2020 $20,546,000 $4,669,000 22.7%
2021 $26,123,000 $4,392,000 16.8%
2022* $30,000,000 N/A N/A
5-Y ear Growth
(2016-2021)* 45.4% 81.3% 24.6%
COVID-19 Effect
(2019-2020) 0.3% 51.2% 50.9%
CAGR 7.8% 12.6% 4.5%
832
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 29

RETAIL MARKET EXISTING CONDITIONS

RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
833
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 30

RETAIL MARKET EXISTING CONDITIONS SUMMARY
 The City contains ~38 SF of shopping center space per capita (65% more than California and the United States). This is higher in comparison to the shopping center space per capita of the cities of Clovis and Fresno combined (~33 SF). The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated e-commerce trends and ~25% of U.S. malls could close in the next 3-5 years unless retail space gets reimagined
 We observed the existing market conditions for retail within the Shaw Ave. Corridor (“Corridor”), the City, and the County. The Corridor is a critical piece of Clovis’ retail market given the area contains 56% of all the retail square footage within the City.

Additionally, 78% of all retail vacancy in the City falls along the Corridor  Retail vacancy in the Corridor is higher than the City and the Fresno County market. However, retail lease rates remain slightly higher in the Corridor and the City compared to Fresno County  Over the last 15 years, retail vacancy along the Corridor fluctuated from 5.4% in 2007 to 12.9% in 2011. Vacancy doubled during the Great Recession and just ~31,000 SF of retail was constructed along the Corridor in the 11-year period between 2007 and 2018. The largest increase in retail inventory and decrease in retail vacancy along the Corridor came in 2019 with the opening of the 150,000 SF Costco located just south of the shopping center on the SWC of Shaw and Clovis Aves.  It is important to note that retail vacancy levels along the Corridor during the COVID-19 pandemic have remained lower than those during the Great Recession. Retail vacancy decreased by 30% from year-end 2019 to year-end 2022 as more vacant space became absorbed. However, the pandemic did limit construction of retail space along the Corridor with 3,600 SF added to the market
834
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KOSMONT COMPANIES | 31

RETAIL MARKET EXISTING CONDITIONS SUMMARY
(CONT’D)
 In observing the retail market history in the City, 2011 saw the highest levels of vacancy at 11.0%. Since 2013, retail vacancy in the City has remained between 4.7% and 9.0%
 The Great Recession did cause a slowdown in retail construction in the City with just ~36,000 SF built between 2008 and 2011  The two largest changes in retail inventory occurred in 2013 with the opening of Clovis Crossing shopping center in the northern end of the City (NWC Sunnyside and Herndon Aves.), including the 190,000 SF Walmart anchor, and in 2019 with the 150,000 SF Costco along the Shaw Ave. Corridor (south of center on SWC of Shaw and Clovis Aves.)  Experiential uses (dining and entertainment) are key drivers of foot traffic and could help shape the reimagination of retail space.

Although restaurant and entertainment uses each comprise less than 6% of retail space in the Shaw Ave. Corridor and the City, 20% of key retail expenditures by households are in dining and entertainment. We examined concentrations of restaurants (full service and fast food) and entertainment uses (including bars/nightclubs, bowling alleys, and movie theaters) within Clovis and Fresno to better understand the locations of these uses and observe competition ➢ There are three movie theater buildings in Clovis, but only two operate as theaters (Regal/United Artists Theaters at VillageSquare and Sierra Vista Cinemas at Sierra Vista Mall). There are five other theaters in Fresno – a Maya Cinemas (near CSU Fresno), Regal Cinemas at the Manchester Center (NEC Blackstone and Shields Aves.), Regal/UA at Broadway Faire (SEC Valentine and Shaw Aves.), and Regal Edwards Fresno at Shops at River Park (SEC Nees and Blackstone Aves.), and Regal Cinemas at Marketplace at El Paso (opened 2021, SWC Riverside Dr. and W.

Herndon Ave.)
➢ Restaurants are primarily concentrated on large arterial streets including Shaw and Clovis Aves. in Clovis and Shaw, Blackstone, and Cedar Aves. in Fresno. Additionally, smaller concentrations of restaurants can be found in centers located along Herndon, Nees, West, and Willow Aves. 835 AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 32

RETAIL CENTERS

NOT COMING BACK AS PURE RETAIL
Clovis, CA Fresno, CA
& Clovis, CA California* United
States*
Shopping
Center GLA 4.7 million SF 22.2 million SF 908.1 million SF 7.6 billion SF Population 124,100 671,600 39.5 million 328.2 million
Shopping
Center GLA SF
Per Cap.
38 SF 33 SF 23 SF 23 SF
Global Context: Shopping Center SF Per Capita
USA 23.5 CANADA 16.8 AUSTRALIA 11.2
UK 4.6 JAPAN 4.4 FRANCE 3.8
SPAIN 3.4 CHINA 2.8 ITALY 2.8
Source: ICSC; Cowen & Company; Cushman & Wakefield; Coresight Research; CoStar (Accessed June 2021; Updated February 2023); Note: *CA and US data represents 2019 estimates. This data reflects all shopping center space according to CoStar and does not include stand alone retail space.

Population of Fresno, CA in 2022 was 547,500.
 The City contains approximately 38 SF of shopping
center retail space per capita (65% more per
capita shopping center space compared to
California and the U.S.)
 As a regional reference, the cities of Clovis and
Fresno shopping center GLA per capita is 33 SF
 An estimated 25% of U.S. malls could close
over the next 3-5 years, with the COVID-19
pandemic accelerating e-commerce trends
 These trends are affecting properties in Clovis,
particularly the Sierra Vista Mall (e.g. Sears closure in April 2021)
 Large vacant retail space will need to be reimagined
into alternative uses (blended use)
836
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KOSMONT COMPANIES | 33

RETAIL MARKET OVERVIEW
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023)
Q4 2022
Shaw Ave.

Corridor
City of
Clovis
Fresno
County
Availability
NNN Rent
$PSF/Yr. $15.77 $15.35 $14.53
Vacancy Rate 6.7% 4.7% 4.2%
Vacant SF 268,009 342,964 2,061,661
Net
Absorption 12,759 25,445 67,778
Inventory
Existing SF 4,024,621 7,245,494 48,954,091
Note: Costar defines Triple Net (NNN) as “a lease where the tenant is responsible for all expenses associated with their proportional share of occupancy of the building, except long-lived structural components and management charges.” The Shaw Ave. Corridor extends from Winery Ave. and CA-168 on the west, Barstow Ave. to the north, Gettysburg Ave. to the south, and Armstrong Ave. to the east. The City of Clovis falls within its own submarket for retail and thus was compared to the Shaw Ave. Corridor and Fresno County. Vacant space refers to all space thatis not occupied by a tenant regardless of availability or lease obligation. Available space is the amount of space currently being marketed as available for lease or sale in a given time period. It includes any space that is vacant, occupied, or available at a future date.  Much of the available retail space in Clovis can be
found in the Shaw Ave. Corridor including:
➢ 116,641 SF former Sears available at Sierra Vista
Mall (1140 Shaw Ave.)
➢ 90,157 SF available at Sierra Vista Mall
(1050 Shaw Ave.)
➢ 61,484 SF available (including former Bally’s Total
Fitness) at Western Village Shopping Center
(711-781 W. Shaw Ave.)
➢ 36,200 SF retail space available, including former
Big Lots, at Shaw Village (424-460 W. Shaw Ave.)
 According to CoStar, there is no retail space
planned, proposed, or under construction in Shaw
Ave. Corridor, however 161,200 SF proposed and
35,000 SF (including 29,000 SF Loma Vista
Marketplace) under construction city-wide
 1 million SF of retail space along the Shaw Ave.

Corridor plus an additional 400K SF in other
parts of the City are over 40 years old. We
estimate that half of that retail space (700K SF)
could be reimagined / re-envisioned for a blended
use project
Top: Former Sears at Sierra Vista Mall
Middle: Western Village Shopping Center
Above: Former Big Lots at Shaw Village
837
AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

KOSMONT COMPANIES | 34

RETAIL MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023);
Note: Numbers in parentheses and in red indicate a negative number.

SHAW AVE. CORRIDOR
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant
SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
NNN
Rent
Overall
2022 4,024,621 268,009 6.7% 38,494 $15.77
2021 4,021,008 302,890 7.5% 23,852 $14.59
2020 4,021,008 326,742 8.1% 22,352 $16.05
2019 4,021,008 349,094 8.7% 261,754 $15.33
2018 3,865,208 455,048 11.8% 8,329 $15.56
2017 3,865,208 463,377 12.0% (57,640) $16.34
2016 3,865,208 405,737 10.5% 8,074 $14.70
2015 3,850,632 399,235 10.4% (67,764) $14.47
2014 3,850,632 331,471 8.6% 78,022 $14.68
2013 3,850,632 409,493 10.6% 77,250 $13.38
2012 3,850,632 486,743 12.6% 17,135 $11.70
2011 3,840,832 494,078 12.9% (55,178) $13.68
2010 3,836,253 434,321 11.3% 30,430 $13.89
2009 3,836,253 464,751 12.1% (232,091) $15.12
2008 3,836,253 232,660 6.1% (23,582) $15.26
2007 3,833,603 206,428 5.4% 54,987 $15.05

CITY OF CLOVIS
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant
SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
NNN
Rent
Overall
2022 7,245,494 342,964 4.7% 65,353 $15.35
2021 7,226,481 389,304 5.4% (16,640) $14.71
2020 7,223,631 369,814 5.1% 45,687 $15.87
2019 7,200,986 392,856 5.5% 344,183 $16.01
2018 7,039,186 575,239 8.2% 37,399 $16.07
2017 7,019,391 592,843 8.4% 26,499 $16.74
2016 6,950,723 550,674 7.9% 98,229 $15.76
2015 6,923,479 621,659 9.0% (77,637) $15.37
2014 6,908,064 528,607 7.7% 182,038 $14.93
2013 6,817,571 620,152 9.1% 381,178 $13.59
2012 6,498,153 681,912 10.5% 92,048 $12.71
2011 6,431,535 707,342 11.0% (61,123) $14.63
2010 6,419,279 633,963 9.9% 30,326 $15.29
2009 6,415,733 660,743 10.3% (209,705) $16.10
2008 6,395,725 431,030 6.7% (64,545) $16.18
2007 6,328,238 298,998 4.7% 112,469 $15.78

FRESNO COUNTY
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant
SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
NNN
Rent
Overall
2022 48,954,091 2,061,661 4.2% 378,200 $14.53
2021 48,825,543 2,311,313 4.7% 292,042 $14.63
2020 48,566,408 2,344,220 4.8% 112,144 $14.18
2019 48,398,114 2,288,070 4.7% 488,516 $14.53
2018 48,165,564 2,544,036 5.3% 773,173 $14.00
2017 48,056,315 3,207,960 6.7% 12,127 $13.67
2016 47,700,554 2,864,326 6.0% 771,941 $13.42
2015 47,420,013 3,355,726 7.1% 490,654 $13.09
2014 47,145,150 3,571,517 7.6% 802,312 $12.90
2013 46,622,407 3,851,086 8.3% 570,959 $12.47
2012 46,082,696 3,903,232 8.5% 551,335 $12.27
2011 45,842,717 4,214,588 9.2% (529,932) $12.31
2010 45,782,028 3,623,967 7.9% 251,536 $12.72
2009 45,619,955 3,713,430 8.1% (958,418) $16.63
2008 45,134,856 2,268,696 5.0% (62,895) $15.50
2007 44,703,771 1,774,716 4.0% 450,507 $16.06 838
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RETAIL MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023)
Vacancy Rates NNN Rent $PSF/Yr.

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Shaw Ave. Corridor City of Clovis Fresno County
$10.00
$11.00
$12.00
$13.00
$14.00
$15.00
$16.00
$17.00
$18.00
$19.00
$20.00
2007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022 Shaw Ave. Corridor City of Clovis Fresno County
839
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Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023);
Notes: In this analysis, entertainment space refers to
bars/nightclubs, bowling alleys, and movie theaters.

CoStar typically does not account for other
experiences (e.g. adventure rooms, laser tag,
raceways) that can be seen in the Sierra Vista Mall,
however we have included the race track and laser
tag at Sierra Vista Mall in our analysis. Movie theaters are circled in red.

ENTERTAINMENT CONCENTRATION MAP
840
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KOSMONT COMPANIES | 37
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023);
Notes: Restaurants include full-service
restaurants and fast food.

RESTAURANT CONCENTRATION MAP
841
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COMPETITIVE RETAIL

RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
842
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COMPETITIVE RETAIL SUMMARY
▪ Placer.ai is a mobility data provider that tracks movement of over 30 million people in the U.S. via anonymized mobile app data. This information can reveal visitation trends to/from retailers, providing insight into store visit performance and characteristics of consumers. Visitor data was culled from January 2019 through June 2021 for the Sierra Vista Mall (“Mall”) and competitive centers within a 15-mile radius ▪ This data shows that the Mall has seen lower customer traffic compared to nearby regional retail centers ➢ The Mall ranks 7th in visitor traffic among the competitive set, down from 4th in 2019, with ~429,400 monthly visits between 1/1/19 and 6/23/21 (~534,100 average monthly visits pre-COVID, ~355,509 post-COVID) ➢ Sierra Vista Mall ranks 2nd among this competitive set in terms of GLA and 2nd in total visits among retail centers in Clovis ➢ Sierra Vista Mall visitors have average HH incomes ($76,100) that are substantially below other centers in Clovis – Clovis Crossing ($85,500) and Clovis Commons ($88,800)
➢ The malls located in Clovis offers draw visitors more locally with 66-68% of visitors living less than 7 miles, as compared to 48-50% of River Park visitors and 51% of Fashion Fair visitors ➢ Fashion Fair and River Park capture additional visitors from northern and western areas, such as Firebaugh, Kerman, Madera, and Mendota, in addition to capturing visitors within Sierra Vista Mall’s true trade area (85% of Mall’s true trade area is covered by these centers)
Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021). Note: River Park refers to the three centers located in close proximity to one another – River Park Plaza, River Park Shopping Center, and the Marketplace at River Park. 843
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COMPETITIVE RETAIL SUMMARY (CONT’D)
▪ In addition to observing regional competition, visitation trends were examined across the eight largest centers (by GLA) in the City
▪ Four of these centers are located along the Shaw Ave. Corridor and three are located along Herndon Ave. The last center included in the analysis is The Center Clovis on SEC of Ashlan and Peach Aves. ▪ The data shows the following:
➢ The Sierra Vista Mall (“Mall”) received the most visitors of among the largest centers located in Clovis pre-COVID. Post- COVID the Mall has lagged behind in visitors to Clovis Commons and Clovis Crossing. Only in recent months (May/June 2021) has the Mall received more visitors than its counterparts in the north of the City, despite the recent closure of Sears in April 2021. Pre-COVID, The Center Clovis also experienced a major drop in visitation in mid-2019 after Costco moved from its location at the center to a more northeast location close to the SWC of Shaw and Clovis Aves. ➢ The majority of these centers compete with each other and draw local visitors. 66% to 77% of visitor traffic to these eight centers comes from within 7 miles. Consequently, 72% to 87% of these centers’ true trade areas overlap with the true trade area of the Mall
➢ Visitors to the northern centers along Herndon Ave. have significantly higher average HH incomes ($85,500 to $89,900) and less variation compared to centers located in the southern end of the City (avg. HH incomes of $60,000 to $80,800). These centers capture slightly more visitors from the north compared to the Mall Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021). Note: River Park refers to the three centers located in close proximity to one another – River Park Plaza, River Park Shopping Center, and the Marketplace at River Park. 844
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HIGHEST VISITED RETAIL CENTERS
WITHIN 15 MILES OF SIERRA VISTA MALL
# Retail Center
Dist. From
Sierra Vista
Mall
GLA
(SF)
% Vacant /
% Avail. Anchor Tenants
Est. Visits
(1/1/19 –
6/23/21)
1 River Park Plaza
(Fresno, CA) 6.1 mi NW 583,810 3.4% / 3.4% Sam’s Club, Lowe’s, Total Wine, Nordstrom Rack 19.57 M
2 Fashion Fair
(Fresno, CA) 4.5 mi W 1,029,233 0.0% / 0.0% Macy’s, JCPenney, Forever 21, H&M, Ulta, Apple 19.34 M
3 River Park Shopping Ctr.
(Fresno, CA) 5.9 mi NW 483,386 3.3% / 4.3% Regal Cinemas, Macy’s, REI, Cost Plus 15.08 M
4 Clovis Crossing
(Clovis, CA) 2.2 mi N 450,574 7.2% / 7.2%
Walmart Supercenter,
Dick’s, Home Goods, Jo-
Ann, Famous Footwear

13.15 M
5 4460 W. Shaw Ave.
(Fresno, CA) 9.8 mi W 300,748 1.9% / 1.9% Costco, WinCo Foods, Harbor Freight 13.13 M
6 Woodward Park Gateway
(Fresno, CA) 5.6 mi NW 260,867 1.8% / 2.5% Costco, Home Depot 12.90 M 7 Sierra Vista Mall
(Clovis, CA) - 728,895 13.7% /

35.8%
Target, Kohl’s, Sierra
Vista Cinemas, MB2
Raceway

12.83 M
8 Marketplace at River Park
(Fresno, CA) 5.7 mi NW 529,090 2.6% / 2.6% Target, Best Buy, Michaels, Marshalls, Dick’s, PetSmart 11.87 M
9 Marketplace at El Paseo
(Fresno, CA) 12.1 mi NW 530,500 6.9% / 7.7% Target, Burlington, Ross, Marshalls, Petco 10.49 M
10 Clovis Commons
(Clovis, CA) 2.9 mi NW 321,126 1.0% / 1.0% Target, PetSmart, Best Buy, TJ Maxx 10.34 M
Sources: Kosmont Companies; Placer.ai; ESRI Business Analyst Online; CoStar (Accessed June 2021); Notes: Placer.ai and CoStar distinguish between the centers in River Park. In certain cases, Placer.ai uses different or older names of centers compared to CoStar. River Park Plaza is composed of two centers – Villagio and Universal Park Shopping Center. River Park Shopping Center is known as The Shops at River Park and 4460 W. Shaw Ave. is known as The Center Fresno. Vacant space refers to all space that is not occupied by a tenant regardless of availability or lease obligation.

Available space is the amount of space currently being marketed as available for lease or sale in a given time period. It includes any space that is vacant, occupied, or available at a future date. 15-Mile Radius
7 4
10 25
9 1 3
8 6
845
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ESTIMATED WEEKLY VISITS – 2019
SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN 15 MILES
Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021).
846
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ESTIMATED WEEKLY VISITS – 2020 & 2021
SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN 15 MILES
Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021).
847
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VISIT SUMMARY: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN 15 MILES
Mall Visitation Data: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
Estimated
Unique
Customers
Estimated T otal
Visits
Average Visits
Per Customer
Average Length
of Stay
Median Weekly
Visits
Median Daily
Visits
River Park Plaza 1.72 M 19.57 M 11.41 61 min 155,957 20,465 Fashion Fair 2.17 M 19.34 M 8.91 76 min 164,319 20,077
River Park Shopping Ctr. 1.77 M 15.08 M 8.54 89 min 126,348 15,121 Clovis Crossing 966.2 K 13.15 M 13.61 49 min 101,862 14,101 4460 W. Shaw Ave. 907.9 K 13.13 M 14.46 48 min 101,317 14,074 Woodward Park Gtwy. 1.23 M 12.90 M 10.46 45 min 99,150 13,992 Sierra Vista Mall 1.24 M 12.83 M 10.36 78 min 108,226 12,966 Marketplace - River Park 1.44 M 11.87 M 8.26 55 min 91,556 12,306 Marketplace - El Paseo 972.0 K 10.49 M 10.79 61 min 83,588 11,216 Clovis Commons 974.1 K 10.34 M 10.62 49 min 81,118 11,322 Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021).
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TYPICAL VISITOR PERSONA: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN 15 MILES
Visitor Home Location Demographics: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
Avg. HH Income Most Common Ethnicities Customer Favorite Grocery Chain
Customer Favorite
Leisure Venue
River Park Plaza $81,800 White (48%), Hispanic (39%), Asian (9%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Fashion Fair $66,800 Hispanic (44%), White (42%), Asian (10%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas River Park Shopping Ctr. $83,400 White (48%), Hispanic (38%), Asian (10%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Clovis Crossing $85,500 White (49%), Hispanic (36%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas 4460 W. Shaw Ave. $68,500 Hispanic (48%), White (36%), Asian (10%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Woodward Park Gtwy. $80,600 White (46%), Hispanic (40%), Asian (10%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Sierra Vista Mall $76,100 White (46%), Hispanic (39%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Marketplace - River Park $76,800 White (45%), Hispanic (41%), Asian (10%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Marketplace - El Paseo $75,900 Hispanic (45%), White (41%), Asian (10%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Clovis Commons $88,800 White (50%), Hispanic (36%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021). Notes: To be considered the favorite grocer or leisure or entertainment venue of a customer, this customer would have had to visit the chain at a minimum 4 times during the selected timeframe to indicate loyalty. 849
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TRADE AREA COVERAGE: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN 15 MILES
Mall Visitation Data: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
Distance from Visitor Home Area
0-3
Miles
3-7
Miles
7-10
Miles
10+
Miles
River Park Plaza 19% 31% 11% 39%
Fashion Fair 17% 34% 5% 44%
River Park Shopping Ctr. 18% 30% 12% 40%
Clovis Crossing 37% 30% 10% 23%
4460 W. Shaw Ave. 44% 17% 6% 33%
Woodward Park Gtwy. 25% 29% 9% 37%
Sierra Vista Mall 34% 32% 9% 25%
Marketplace - River Park 20% 28% 11% 40%
Marketplace - El Paseo 31% 17% 8% 44%
Clovis Commons 41% 27% 9% 23%
Sierra Vista Mall
Primary Trade Area
Source: PlacerAI (Accessed June 2021)
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TRUE TRADE AREAS: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21

SIERRA VISTA MALL VS RIVER PARK PLAZA AND FASHION FAIR
Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021). Notes: True trade area represents 70% of visitors within the selected timeframe. ▪ The Sierra Vista Mall’s true trade area extends to locations as far southeast as Fowler, Parlier, Reedley, Sanger, and Selma ▪ It is important to note, however, that River Park Plaza and Fashion Fair also capture from these areas (85% of Sierra Vista Mall’s true trade area is covered by those two centers) ▪ Fashion Fair and River Park Plaza capture additional visitors from northern and western areas such as Firebaugh, Kerman, Madera, and Mendota
851
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ANCHOR TENANTS
SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN 15 MILES
Source: PlacerAI (Accessed June 2021)
Marketplace at El Paseo
GLA: 530,500
Key Tenants: Target, Burlington,
Ross, Marshalls, Petco
4460 W. Shaw
Ave.

GLA: 300,748
Key Tenants: Costco,
WinCo Foods, Harbor
Freight
Fashion Fair
GLA: 1,029,233
Key Tenants: Macy’s, Macy’s
Backstage, JCPenney, Forever
21, H&M, Ulta, Apple
River Park Plaza
GLA: 583,810
Key Tenants: Sam’s Club, Lowe’s,
Total Wine, Nordstrom Rack,
Barnes & Noble
Sierra Vista Mall
GLA: 728,895
Key Tenants: Target, Kohl’s, Sierra Vista
Cinemas 16 (Santa Rosa Cinemas), MB2
Raceway, No Surrender Adventure Park &
Laser Tag
Marketplace at River Park
GLA: 529,090
Key Tenants: Target, Best Buy,
Michael’s, Marshalls, Dick’s Sporting
Goods, PetSmart, Ashley Home
Woodward Park Gateway
GLA: 260,867
Key Tenants: Costco, Home Depot
River Park Shopping Ctr.

GLA: 483,386
Key Tenants: Regal Cinemas, Macy’s,
REI, Cost Plus
Clovis Commons
GLA: 321,126
Key Tenants: Target,
PetSmart, Best Buy, TJ Maxx
Clovis Crossing
GLA: 450,574
Key Tenants: Walmart
Supercenter, Dick’s Sporting
Goods, Home Goods, Jo-Ann,
Famous Footwear
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LARGEST RETAIL CENTERS BY GLA

CITY OF CLOVIS
# Retail
Center
Dist. From
Sierra
Vista Mall
GLA
(SF)
% Vacant /
% Avail. Anchor Tenants
1 Sierra
Vista Mall - 728,895 13.7% / 35.8%
Target, Kohl’s, Santa Rosa
Cinemas, MB2 Raceway, No
Surrender Adv. Park
2 Clovis
Crossing 2.2 mi N 450,574 7.2% / 7.2%
Walmart Supercenter, Dick’s,
Home Goods, Jo-Ann, Famous
Footwear
3 Clovis
Commons 2.9 mi NW 321,126 1.0% / 1.0% Target, PetSmart, Best Buy, TJ Maxx
4 Sierra
Pavilion 0.2 mi N 287,451 0.0% / 0.0% FoodMaxx, At Home, Big Lots, Party City, Pet Supplies Plus
5 The Center
Clovis 1.5 mi SW 261,526 1.2% / 9.0% WinCo Foods
6 Village
Square 0.9 mi W 260,329 23.5% / 26.1% Ross, Burlington, Dollar Tree 7 Sunflower
Marketplace 1.2 mi NW 246,105 2.2% / 2.2% Walmart, Michaels 8 Trading Post 2.0 mi N 136,782 1.7% / 1.7% Sprouts, Tuesday Morning, Dollar Tree
Sources: Kosmont Companies; Placer.ai; ESRI Business Analyst Online; CoStar (Accessed June 2021); Notes: According to CoStar, vacant space refers to all space that is not occupied by a tenant regardless of availability or lease obligation. Available space is the amount of space currently being marketed as available for lease or sale in a given time period. It includes any space that is vacant, occupied, or available at a future date. For this analysis, the boundaries for this corridor are from Winery Ave. and CA-168 on the west, Barstow Ave. to the north, Gettysburg Ave. to the south, and Armstrong Ave. to the east. 7 4
2 5
1 3
8 6
Clovis City
Limits
Shaw Ave.

Corridor
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ESTIMATED WEEKLY VISITS – 1/1/19 – 6/23/21

SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN CLOVIS
Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021).
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VISIT SUMMARY: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21

SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN CLOVIS
Mall Visitation Data: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
Estimated
Unique
Customers
Estimated T otal
Visits
Average Visits
Per Customer
Average Length
of Stay
Median Weekly
Visits
Median Daily
Visits
Sierra Vista Mall 1.24 M 12.83 M 10.36 78 min 108,226 12,966 Clovis Crossing 966.2 K 13.15 M 13.61 49 min 101,862 14,101 Clovis Commons 974.1 K 10.34 M 10.62 49 min 81,118 11,322 Sierra Pavilion 824.3 K 7.72 M 9.37 51 min 58,879 8,131 The Center Clovis 581.2 K 6.54 M 11.25 48 min 36,713 5,232 Village Square 600.5 K 3.74 M 6.23 68 min 31,044 4,058
Sunflower Marketplace 800.8 K 7.83 M 9.78 50 min 59,889 8,515 Trading Post 615.5 K 4.91 M 7.97 54 min 39,580 5,504
Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021)
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TYPICAL VISITOR PERSONA: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21

SIERRA VISTA MALL & MAJOR CENTERS WITHIN CLOVIS
Visitor Home Location Demographics: 1/1/19 – 6/23/21
Avg. HH Income Most Common Ethnicities Customer Favorite Grocery Chain
Customer Favorite
Leisure Venue
Sierra Vista Mall $76,100 White (46%), Hispanic (39%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Clovis Crossing $85,500 White (49%), Hispanic (36%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Clovis Commons $88,800 White (50%), Hispanic (36%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Sierra Pavilion $80,800 White (48%), Hispanic (37%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas The Center Clovis $65,100 White (42%), Hispanic (41%), Asian (12%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Village Square $66,800 Hispanic (43%), White (42%), Asian (11%) WinCo Foods Regal Cinemas Sunflower Marketplace $60,000 White (43%), Hispanic (41%), Asian (11%) WinCo Foods Regal Cinemas Trading Post $89,900 White (52%), Hispanic (33%), Asian (11%) Save Mart Regal Cinemas Source: Placer.ai (Accessed June 2021). Notes: To be considered the favorite grocer or leisure or entertainment venue of a customer, this customer would have had to visit the chain at a minimum 4 times during the selected timeframe to indicate loyalty. 856
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 “Brick and Mortar” retail has been undergoing massive changes in the past five years and the financial failure of the vast majority of department store chains, the non-stop growth of e-commerce, along with the expansion of the super box stores such as Costco, Walmart, and Target has devastated regional malls across the U.S.  COVID-19 related bankruptcies by dozens of national soft good chains that used to be mall mainstays is the last straw. Over 25% of all malls built prior to 2000 are expected to be torn down in the next 3-5 years  Clovis contains a significant amount of retail (~38 SF shopping center space per capita) compared to the combined cities of Clovis and Fresno (~33 SF) regionally and CA and U.S. (~23 SF). The retail centers along Shaw and Herndon Aves. service a large number of visitors particularly from the local area (within 7 miles) and from areas as far south as Parlier, Sanger, and Selma  Although Clovis has not lost sales tax revenue post-COVID, retail centers in the City do experience competition from other major retail centers in Fresno. For example, River Park and Fashion Fair not only draw visitors from Sierra Vista Mall’s true trade area, but also capture visitors from areas to the north and west of Fresno. Furthermore, retail centers in Clovis appear to be experiencing more vacancy and availability compared to their Fresno counterparts  Given these trends, Clovis could consider reimagining vacant or available retail space – in particular by creating experiential, entertainment, and dining destinations or potentially blending other uses with retail – to create a more attractive and diversified development that can best serve the community and the region

FINDINGS

RETAIL MARKET SURVEY
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LAND USE EVALUATION
City of Clovis – Retail Market Survey & Land Use Evaluation 858
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LAND USE TRENDS

LAND USE EVALUATION
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ECONOMIC AND LAND USE TRENDS
➢ Retail
• Retail store closures, bankruptcies, and e-
commerce has changed economics of retail
centers. Many are being reimagined (e.g., blended
use)
• Retail is driven by trip-generators such as
entertainment, experience, and essentials
➢ Office
• Office building vacancy rising as remote work
becomes new normal; Social distancing leads to
offices resizing/reconfiguring
• Corporations see possible shift to suburban
offices - Integrating office in blended use
environments
➢ Industrial
• E-commerce growth has exploded
• Retail and industrial are merging, with space
being used for Buy Online Pick Up in Store
(BOPIS), fulfillment, last mile and warehousing
➢ Residential
• Homes are live, play, and work environments
• Strength in suburban markets; Home office is the
new amenity; Apartment developments are being
designed to facilitate work
• New residential sites in shopping centers
➢ Hospitality
• Hospitality sector hurt the most by COVID-19,
but leisure travel is rebounding
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Housing is Not a
Loss Leader, it’s a
Growth Driver
Retail is Not Just
Retail Anymore
T elework is
Reconfiguring Office
Industrial /
Distribution is
Critical for Y our
Economy
Housing Creation as
Economic Development
Retail Reimagination as
Economic Development
Office Conversions as
Economic Development
Industrial & Fulfillment as
Economic Development
• New housing can generate
significant new tax revenues and
support local jobs
• Housing is not necessarily a net
negative fiscal impact, especially
at current property values
• U.S. retail over-built and needs
“right sizing;” COVID-19
accelerated trends; today its
about essentials, experience & e-
commerce
• Blended/mixed use projects
integrate multiple uses (housing,
retail, open space, creative office,
hotel)
• T elework and work from home
options are reshaping the needs
for office space and business
districts
• Job redistribution tied to housing
• Vacancies can lead to fiscal
impact pressure
• Modern industrial is not “your
father’s industrial” – not
smokestacks
• Retail can’t thrive without
distribution
• Booming demand for
distribution, e-commerce, and
data centers, blending for
fulfillment/delivery, job creators
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WORK-FROM-HOME GROWTH
 Work-from-home is changing where people choose to live, and increases popularity of “15-minute communities” that offer amenities and quality of life.
 Census Bureau estimated that ~44% of workers are in jobs where working from home is currently feasible, with only a quarter of those in feasible telework jobs actually utilizing this capability.  Research shows the ability to telework likely varies by educational attainment and income-level; many of the telework occupations are Management / Business / Financial / Professional occupations. Opportunity for Clovis new residential units.  Other research shows that work-from-home represent ~30% of days, significantly above pre-pandemic estimates of 5%.  Employers are expecting an average of 2.3 work-from-home days per week, suggesting that hybrid home/office model is likely to be well-utilized post-COVID.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau; St. Louis Federal Reserve; Survey of Working Arrangements (Accessed February 2023)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0 0.5
1 1.5
2 2.5
3 3.5
4 4.5
5 Percent Paid Full Days WFH
Employer Plans for Post-Covid WFH Days
Work-from-Home: Current Utilization and
Employer Plans for post-COVID
Employer Plans for Post-COVID WFH Days
Percentage of Days WFH
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E-COMMERCE GROWTH
 E-commerce sales in the U.S. have increased steadily, jumping by 30% to $800 billion annually by Q2 2020
due to increased utilization during the COVID-19
pandemic. This put additional pressure on local brick-
and-mortar retailers. Post pandemic retail mall
shopping has recovered somewhat.
 According to UBS, e-commerce’s share of overall U.S.
retail sales will continue to increase over the next 5
years, resulting in a loss of brick-and-mortar sales,
primarily in clothing, office supply and sporting goods.  Consumer online shopping behavior has further
solidified during the COVID-19 pandemic, and is not
likely to revert to old patterns, thanks to free 1-day
delivery services, etc.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau; St. Louis Federal Reserve; UBS (Accessed February 2023) 0 2
4 6
8 10
12 14
16 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
E-Commerce Share of Total Retail Sales
(Percent)
E-Commerce Retail Sales
(Billions of Dollars)
E-Commerce Retail Sales
E-Commerce Sales
E-Commerce: Share of Total Retail Sales
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RETAIL TRENDS
 Shopping centers across the U.S. are faced with dramatic decline in retail sales as the digital economy converts the lifestyles and social patterns of every generation. Today’s consumers use online websites for purchasing many hard and soft good commodities.
 Several hundred regional malls have closed in past 5-10 years. By 2025, experts expect only Class-A malls in high income communities are most likely to survive.
 The impacts from e-commerce will have major impacts on large shopping centers in the region, particularly power centers. Community retail centers with the strongest opportunity for future growth are those focused on essentials and experiences.
 Shopping districts that are centered around experiences, entertainment, and essentials are best poised for economic resiliency and future success.
 The future for retail centers in Clovis lies in fostering experiential, entertainment uses and restaurants. Blended use projects that bring additional uses to retail sites (such as hospitality, last-mile logistics, and multifamily residential) can bring more customers to the stores and thus be a more sustainable and diversified development that serves the community.
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Retail
InnovationIt’s About
Convenience
It’s About
Experience
It’s About
Blended Use
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WHAT DRIVES AN ENGAGING RETAIL EXPERIENCE?
Thoughtful
Design
Programmed
Outdoor Space
Communal
Elements
Unique
Amenities
Unique Food
Offerings
Curated Retail
T enants
• Feels like an
exciting
destination
• Celebrates local
character
• Fosters a
specific
vibe/feeling
• Feels fresh and
innovative
• Fun and
welcoming
environment to
gather and hang
• Fresh air
elevates dining
and shopping
experience
• Mood lighting
and aesthetics
lifts the
ambiance
• Shared
community
experiences
• Encourage
conversation
and connection
• Examples:
breweries,
distilleries,
coffee / tea
• Unexpected
entertainment
attracts and
retains
customers
• Memorable and
engaging
• Examples –
arcade games,
photo booths,
lawn games, art
installations
• Interesting and
culturally rich
food options
• Reflects local
flavor, authentic,
interesting
fusion
• Exciting to try,
drives additional
visits
• T enants and
pop-ups create a
reason to come
• Digital brands
with brick-and-
mortar spaces
• Curated
products that
create a
desirable
shopping
experience
• Local / exclusive
products
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Stone Brewing Beer Garden Communal Outdoor Spaces
Rodeo39 Curated Retail & Food
Upscale Design Elements

ENGAGING RETAIL

EXAMPLES
Steelcraft Curated Food
Outdoor Amenities
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EXPERIENTIAL ENTERTAINMENT RETAIL CONCEPTS
Experiential retail / entertainment concepts have been merging food, drinks, and entertainment into engaging experiences. This includes:
 Movie Theater concepts such as Alamo Drafthouse that deliver an improved theater experience with better seating / design and elevated food / beverage.  Bowling concepts such as Bowlmor and Lucky Strike, which provide a more upscale experience in a lounge setting
 Smaller format sports / activities concepts such as Puttshack, Spin Ping Pong, rock climbing gyms, ax throwing, escape rooms, laser tag, and trampoline parks.  Larger format sporting / activities, including Topgolf and SFC sports facilities  Personalized retail services, such as clothing and accessories stores that offer in-store services and customization
 Interactive exhibits, including art galleries, installations, and other cultural offerings  Gaming concepts such as arcade bars, pinball, virtual reality gaming, and e-sports 868
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Village Center / Rodeo 39 is an example of an experiential retail / housing blended use project that serves as an entertaining destination and hub for the community. It also demonstrates how adding residential can generate demand for retail on the site and add value to a project.

The Village Center shopping plaza in Stanton was a blighted 24-acre shopping site that had significant vacancy issues. The site’s retail component was rightsized down to 10-acres of the site, with a “town square” environment anchored by the Rodeo 39 curated public market. A new multifamily housing project was built on the remainder of the site.

Food and entertainment – particularly curated local offerings – was the foundation of the public market, a new 41,000 SF retail and dining space. Rodeo 39 has been a great success, with the local community embracing the eclectic destination.

The project also added a variety of entertaining and experiential offerings that encourage people to spend more time – a wide variety of cultural dining, small stage for live music performances, retro arcade / games, boutique tattoo artists, pop-up shops, and a variety of indoor and outdoor seating and gathering areas.

CASE STUDY
VILLAGE CENTER / RODEO 39
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AERIAL PHOTO
VILLAGE CENTER / RODEO 39
Residential
Condos
Rodeo 39
Public MarketPlanet Fitness
Pad Restaurants
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EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL LAND USES

LAND USE EVALUATION
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LAND USE EVALUATION OVERVIEW
 This Land Use Evaluation section observed the market demand for office, industrial, residential (multifamily), and hospitality (hotel) uses in the City
 Existing supply conditions from the most recent available quarter (Q4 2022) for these uses were observed in the City, a regional area (Clovis/Fresno Market Area “Market Area”*), and Fresno County  Historic market data, from 2007 to 2022, was used to quantify growth achieved over time and observe changes between the City and the Market Area
 Demand for hospitality uses was examined by observing hotel construction trends in both Clovis and Fresno, along with observing the occupancy, average daily rates, and supply/demand of room nights of hotels in the City
 A high-level SWOT analysis was prepared to highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the examined land uses Notes: *The City of Clovis falls within its own submarket for office and multifamily uses. The City also falls within two submarketsfor industrial uses – Northeast Fresno and Outlying Fresno County, the latter of which draws from an area west of Fresno. Given this information, it was decided to observe the combined areas of the Cities of Clovis and Fresno as a regional reference instead of drawing comparisons with the CoStar submarkets.

Clovis/Fresno
Market Area
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 The Clovis/Fresno Market Area comprises 95% of all existing office space in Fresno County. The office market in Clovis is small - 8% of the total office market within the Market Area.
 The office market in the City is a small, but growing market. Approximately 40% of the City’s office space was built in the last 15 years and there is 72,000 SF currently under construction and another 137,300 SF proposed  Office vacancy in Clovis is lower and rents are slightly lower than the Market Area and Fresno County. However, the market demand for office is moderately strong given that vacancy remains below 10% in the City, Market Area, and County. Office vacancy in the City has remained below pre-Great Recession levels and office rents have increased year-over-year since year-end 2017
 The Shaw Ave. Corridor contains 16% of the office space in Clovis and features slightly lower vacancy (5.5%) and similar rents ($23.40 PSF) compared to the overall office market in the City
 Over the last 15 years, office vacancies in the City have fluctuated from

5.7% in 2022 to as high as 16.6% in 2008. The Great Recession led to a significant increase in vacancy and a slowdown in office development with just 69,000 SF of office space delivered between 2008 and 2012  Although office vacancy levels have increased from 2019 to 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, vacancy never approached the levels experienced during the Great Recession
 The largest increase in office inventory occurred in 2008 (160K SF delivered), in 2013 (146K SF), in 2016 (104K SF , including 782 Medical Center Dr. East [69,000 SF]), and in 2022 (153K SF , including 139K SF Fresno County Social Services Building – 380 W. Ashlan Ave. [former Costco]); Since 2007, office construction has steadily increased year over year in the Clovis/Fresno Market Area
 In the Market Area, the Great Recession did have an impact on office vacancy – reaching as high as 13.4% in 2011. Although the pandemic did lead to an increase in office vacancy, vacancy has since declined by year-end 2022; Office vacancy in the Market Area has also remained below 10% since 2017, indicating a strong office market
 Office rents in the Market Area have remained relatively stable since 2008 (between $16-19 PSF/Yr.) and have steadily increased since 2016. 2020 saw a 17% increase in office rents
 14% of the office space in the City is over 40 years old. We estimate that half of this space (156,500 SF) could be reimagined or re-envisioned for a blending of uses

SUMMARY

OFFICE MARKET
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OFFICE MARKET OVERVIEW
Q4 2022
City of
Clovis
Clovis/Fresno
Market Area
Fresno
County
Availability
Gross Rent
$PSF/Yr. $23.40 $23.66 $23.66
Vacancy Rate 5.7% 8.8% 8.5%
Vacant SF 127,695 2,393,871 2,413,010
Net
Absorption (27,201) (9,719) (9,719)
Inventory
Existing SF 2,238,514 27,112,474 28,490,285
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023); Note: CoStar defines Full Service / Gross Rent as “a rental rate that includes normal building standard services which are provided and paid by the landlord.” Vacant space refers to all space that is not occupied by a tenant regardless of availability or lease obligation. Available space is the amount of space currently being marketed as available for lease or sale in a given time period. It includes any space that is vacant, occupied, or available at a future date.
 Major office space available in the City of Clovis:
➢ 49,818 SF of medical office space available at
Clovis Community Medical Center (782
Medical Center Dr. East)
➢ 40,498 SF available at 90 W. Ashlan Ave.
 Major office space under construction:
➢ 43,000 SF Loma Vista Office Building (Class B,
opening Aug. 2023) at 2356 Leonard Ave.
➢ 29,000 SF under construction and 15,400 SF
proposed at Shaw Mission Business Park
(2036-2196 Shaw Ave.)
 Additionally, there is 23,600 SF of Class A office
space proposed at 370 W. Spruce Ave. (Herndon
Peach Business Center) and 98,300 SF of Class A
and B office space proposed at 918-968 N.

Temperance Ave. (Greyhawk Business Center)
 40% of the City’s office market (896,300 SF) was
constructed in the last 15 years
 14% of office space in the City is over 40 years old.

We estimate that half of this office space (156,500
SF) could be reimagined into a blend of uses
Top: Clovis Community
Medical Center
Middle: 90 W. Ashlan Ave.

Above: Rendering of Loma
Vista Office Bldg.
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OFFICE MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022

CITY OF CLOVIS
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant
SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
Gross
Rent
Overall
2022 2,238,514 127,695 5.7% 156,857 $23.40
2021 2,085,726 131,764 6.3% 78,795 $21.66
2020 2,027,598 152,431 7.5% 2,546 $21.48
2019 1,996,768 124,147 6.2% 30,646 $19.10
2018 1,983,680 141,705 7.1% 94,732 $17.93
2017 1,929,068 181,825 9.4% 83,335 $16.67
2016 1,867,980 204,072 10.9% 56,005 $17.64
2015 1,763,257 155,354 8.8% 56,425 $17.68
2014 1,717,699 166,221 9.7% 22,718 $17.21
2013 1,717,699 188,939 11.0% 179,031 $17.83
2012 1,571,142 221,413 14.1% (14,293) $17.92
2011 1,561,027 197,005 12.6% 15,216 $17.71
2010 1,561,027 212,221 13.6% 37,009 $17.92
2009 1,556,086 244,289 15.7% 58,087 $18.18
2008 1,502,613 248,903 16.6% 40,597 $18.21
2007 1,342,186 129,073 9.6% (11,041) $19.56

CLOVIS/FRESNO MARKET AREA
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
Gross
Rent
Overall
2022 27,112,474 2,393,871 8.8% 270,506 $23.66
2021 26,876,302 2,428,205 9.0% (272,932) $23.60
2020 26,796,047 2,075,018 7.7% 92,409 $22.14
2019 26,519,028 1,890,408 7.1% 325,388 $18.89
2018 26,396,990 2,093,758 7.9% 461,077 $17.48
2017 26,318,258 2,476,103 9.4% 638,688 $16.56
2016 25,981,445 2,777,978 10.7% 262,700 $16.47
2015 25,806,043 2,865,276 11.1% 180,949 $17.07
2014 25,729,968 2,970,150 11.5% 295,372 $16.79
2013 25,663,115 3,198,669 12.5% 369,815 $17.06
2012 25,419,558 3,324,927 13.1% 93,563 $17.53
2011 25,390,854 3,389,786 13.4% (21,659) $17.74
2010 25,352,600 3,329,633 13.1% (244,331) $17.82
2009 25,218,695 2,951,397 11.7% 39,011 $17.84
2008 24,763,327 2,535,040 10.2% 304,337 $18.35
2007 24,120,138 2,196,188 9.1% (310,878) $15.76

FRESNO COUNTY
Year Inventory SF Vacant SF
Total
Vacant %
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
Gross Rent
Overall
2022 28,490,285 2,413,010 8.5% 259,556 $23.66
2021 28,254,113 2,436,394 8.6% (246,146) $23.60
2020 28,168,849 2,104,984 7.5% 78,721 $22.14
2019 27,891,830 1,906,686 6.8% 334,066 $18.86
2018 27,766,092 2,115,014 7.6% 512,228 $17.44
2017 27,641,360 2,502,510 9.1% 645,839 $16.50
2016 27,304,547 2,811,536 10.3% 286,909 $16.43
2015 27,116,653 2,910,551 10.7% 171,917 $17.01
2014 27,040,578 3,006,393 11.1% 305,522 $16.73
2013 26,973,725 3,245,062 12.0% 385,608 $17.01
2012 26,730,168 3,387,113 12.7% 82,092 $17.49
2011 26,701,464 3,440,501 12.9% (16,665) $17.66
2010 26,658,210 3,380,342 12.7% (223,776) $17.73
2009 26,509,279 3,007,635 11.3% 61,499 $17.73
2008 26,031,226 2,591,081 10.0% 288,196 $18.29
2007 25,388,037 2,236,088 8.8% (332,800) $15.71
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023);
Note: Numbers in parentheses and in red indicate a negative number. 875
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OFFICE MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023)
Vacancy Rates Gross Rent $PSF/Yr.

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Clovis Clovis/Fresno Market Area Fresno County
$12.00
$16.00
$20.00
$24.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Clovis Clovis/Fresno Market Area Fresno County
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 80% of the total industrial market in Fresno County falls within the Clovis/Fresno Market Area. 5% of the industrial space in the Market Area falls within the City
 The Clovis industrial market features higher rents and lower vacancy compared to the Market Area and the County. The industrial market in Clovis is very strong with 0.1% vacancy
 The Shaw Ave. Corridor contains 15% of the industrial space in Clovis.

Industrial space in the Corridor is primarily concentrated along Clovis and Barstow Aves. and features no vacancy and higher rents ($9.00 PSF) compared to the Market Area
 There is approximately 13,600 SF of industrial currently under construction in Clovis and an additional 13,600 SF proposed at the Clovis 168 and Dry Creek Business Parks
 Much of the industrial space in Clovis was built prior to 2007, however just 18% of the of the space is over 40 years old. There are seven industrial/flex buildings that comprise almost 1/3 of the total industrial/flex market in the City (1,039,700 SF)
 Over the last 15 years, 315,200 SF of industrial space was built in the City.

Most of this came in 2020 with the opening of an 80,000 SF manufacturing facility at 53 W. Herndon Ave.
 Historically, the industrial market in Clovis has been very strong and vacancies have not been above 5.4% in the last 15 years. In the last five years, vacancies have remained below 1%. The pandemic accelerated the demand for industrial given the rise in e-commerce activity and the need for smaller last-mile, flex industrial, and sorting facilities  The Great Recession caused a drop in industrial rents by 61% from 2008 to 2010, however, rents have climbed back to pre-Recession levels by 2017  In the Clovis/Fresno Market Area, the Great Recession did have an impact on vacancy – reaching as high as 9.0% in 2011. However, construction of industrial space steadily increased year over year. The largest increase in the industrial market came in 2018 with the addition of an 855,000 SF Amazon fulfillment center and a 671,000 SF Ulta Beauty distribution center in Fresno
 Industrial rents in the Market Area have remained relatively stable since 2007 and have steadily increased since 2017. Despite the pandemic, industrial vacancy remains lower than pre-Great Recession levels and has remained below 4.0% since 2016, indicating strong demand for industrial  18% of the office space in the City is over 40 years old. We estimate that half of this space (288,100 SF) could be reimagined as blended use, while the other half could be enhanced to meet e-commerce demand

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL / FLEX MARKET
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INDUSTRIAL / FLEX MARKET OVERVIEW
Q4 2022
City of
Clovis
Clovis/Fresno
Market Area
Fresno
County
Availability
NNN Rent
$PSF/Yr. $9.00 $7.39 $6.92
Vacancy Rate 0.1% 2.6% 2.4%
Vacant SF 1,648 1,794,819 2,096,868
Net
Absorption 15,117 152,220 162,545
Inventory
Existing SF 3,232,847 69,105,792 85,944,462
 Limited availability of industrial / flex space in
the City (4,100 SF across two buildings)
 Two industrial buildings in the City currently
under construction – 12 W. Palo Alto Ave.
(3,600 SF , Class B warehouse at Clovis 168
Industrial Park, completion: April 2023) and
520 Park Creek Dr. (10,000 SF , Class B space,
completion: April 2023)
 13,600 SF warehouse proposed at Dry Creek
Business Park (603 Pollasky Ave.)
 Minimal industrial / flex space built in the last
15 years (315,200 SF), most notably the
80,000 SF , Class B manufacturing facility at 53
W. Herndon Ave.
 18% of industrial and flex space in the City is
over 40 years old. We estimate that half of the
space (288,100 SF) could be reimagined as
potential blended use project, while the other
half could be upgraded / enhanced to meet e-
commerce demand
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023); Note: CoStar defines Triple Net (NNN) as “a lease where the tenant is responsible for all expenses associated with their proportional share of occupancy of the building, except long-lived structural components and management charges.” Vacant space refers to all space that is not occupied by a tenant regardless of availability or lease obligation. Available space is the amount of space currently being marketed as available for lease or sale in a given time period. It includes any space that is vacant, occupied, or available at a future date.

Top: Clovis 168 Industrial Park
Middle: 520 Park Creek Dr.

Above: Rendering of Dry Creek
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INDUSTRIAL / FLEX MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022

CITY OF CLOVIS
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant
SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
NNN
Rent
Overall
2022 3,232,847 1,648 0.1% 36,129 $9.00
2021 3,203,238 8,168 0.3% 44,678 $10.18
2020 3,168,337 17,945 0.6% 91,497 $11.25
2019 3,068,772 9,877 0.3% 34,350 $12.32
2018 3,044,912 20,367 0.7% 49,757 $11.58
2017 3,021,092 46,304 1.5% (34,491) $12.00
2016 3,021,092 11,813 0.4% 41,228 $6.24
2015 2,982,587 14,536 0.5% 29,176 $6.24
2014 2,977,127 38,252 1.3% 53,187 -
2013 2,977,127 91,439 3.1% 40,103 $4.68
2012 2,977,127 131,542 4.4% 29,633 $4.68
2011 2,977,127 161,175 5.4% (2,322) $4.93
2010 2,966,577 148,303 5.0% 17,234 $5.87
2009 2,952,525 151,485 5.1% (12,344) $10.21
2008 2,947,065 133,681 4.5% 31,626 $15.00
2007 2,917,689 135,931 4.7% (59,235) $11.40

CLOVIS/FRESNO MARKET AREA
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant
SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
NNN
Rent
Overall
2022 69,105,792 1,794,819 2.6% 652,423 $7.39
2021 68,282,853 1,624,303 2.4% 851,636 $6.53
2020 67,837,016 2,030,102 3.0% 875,732 $5.77
2019 67,614,167 2,682,985 4.0% (238,983) $5.40
2018 67,491,123 2,320,958 3.4% 2,484,862 $5.62
2017 64,923,815 2,238,512 3.4% 404,584 $4.72
2016 64,770,335 2,489,616 3.8% 831,023 $5.11
2015 64,414,943 2,965,247 4.6% 1,784,021 $4.44
2014 63,337,884 3,672,209 5.8% 865,183 $4.03
2013 63,316,599 4,516,107 7.1% 1,057,780 $4.21
2012 62,998,079 5,255,367 8.3% 564,642 $4.15
2011 62,855,671 5,677,601 9.0% (266,855) $4.01
2010 62,834,772 5,389,847 8.6% (499,873) $3.97
2009 62,804,848 4,860,050 7.7% (968,410) $4.13
2008 62,600,123 3,686,915 5.9% 599,603 $5.11
2007 62,081,354 3,767,749 6.1% (433,623) $4.72

FRESNO COUNTY
Year Inventory
SF
Vacant
SF
Total
Vacant
%
Total
Net
Absorp.

SF Total
NNN
Rent
Overall
2022 85,944,462 2,096,868 2.4% 878,847 $6.92
2021 84,916,523 1,947,776 2.3% 1,145,223 $6.11
2020 84,443,490 2,619,966 3.1% 1,036,775 $5.39
2019 84,039,113 3,252,364 3.9% (299,828) $5.27
2018 83,850,152 2,763,575 3.3% 2,598,319 $5.97
2017 81,272,844 2,784,586 3.4% 527,476 $4.63
2016 81,119,364 3,158,582 3.9% 839,678 $5.01
2015 80,763,972 3,642,868 4.5% 1,786,211 $4.43
2014 79,686,913 4,352,020 5.5% 1,187,020 $4.02
2013 79,665,628 5,517,755 6.9% 1,154,450 $4.17
2012 79,347,108 6,353,685 8.0% 345,028 $4.09
2011 79,204,700 6,556,305 8.3% (476,948) $3.95
2010 79,180,856 6,055,513 7.6% (624,353) $3.95
2009 79,150,932 5,401,236 6.8% (604,680) $4.07
2008 78,868,962 4,514,586 5.7% 201,907 $5.12
2007 78,317,593 4,165,124 5.3% (579,798) $4.72
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023);
Note: Numbers in parentheses and in red indicate a negative number. 879
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INDUSTRIAL / FLEX MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023)
Notes: *Industrial / Flex rent data was not available for Clovis in 2014.

Vacancy Rates NNN Rent $PSF/Yr.*

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Clovis Clovis/Fresno Market Area Fresno County
$3.00
$5.00
$7.00
$9.00
$11.00
$13.00
$15.00
$17.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Clovis Clovis/Fresno Market Area Fresno County
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 86% of the total multifamily market in Fresno County falls within the Clovis/Fresno Market Area. The City contains 14% of the multifamily units in the Market Area
 The Clovis multifamily market features higher rents and lower vacancy compared to the Market Area and Fresno County
 33% of the multifamily units in Clovis fall along the Shaw Ave. Corridor and are concentrated along Barstow, Minnewawa, and Willow Aves., as well as behind various retail centers on Shaw Ave. For example, The Emerson, a recently completed 216-unit complex, is located directly south of the Sierra Vista Mall
 Asking rents among multifamily units in the Corridor are lower than the City, but higher than the Market Area and vacancy is higher than the three observed geographies
 Multifamily vacancy in the City is currently at 3.0% and has been below

3.1% since 2016, indicating a very strong multifamily market  During the Great Recession, multifamily vacancy peaked at 6.3% in 2009.

There was a complete halt in construction from 2008 to 2013 and from 2007 to 2018, approximately 170 units were built
 Despite the limited construction in earlier years, Clovis is experiencing a significant period of growth in multifamily units since year-end 2018 – 1,156 units (including market-rate and affordable) have been built in the last four years, the majority during the pandemic and post-pandemic years  Further evidence of strong multifamily demand can be observed as 643 units were absorbed in 2020 and 2021, combined. Furthermore, multifamily vacancy is lower than pre-Great Recession levels. Additionally, the average asking rent per unit has steadily increased since 2009, indicating a strengthening multifamily market
 In the Clovis/Fresno Market Area, neither the Great Recession nor the COVID-19 pandemic, had much impact on multifamily construction.

Construction has increased year-over-year and 3,128 units have been built in the last three years (Clovis accounts for 32% of these new units)  Although, multifamily vacancy in the Market Area peaked in 2009 at 6.8%, vacancy has remained below 3.7% since 2016. Additionally, multifamily rents have steadily increased since 2009
 The City may consider allocating greater density for future projects to meet the demand for housing and achieve Regional Housing Needs Assessment (“RHNA”) numbers. Clovis is tasked with adding ~9,000 new units 66% of which are considered “affordable”

SUMMARY

MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL MARKET
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MULTIFAMILY MARKET OVERVIEW
Q4 2022
City of
Clovis
Clovis/Fresno
Market Area
Fresno
County
Availability
Asking Rent
Unit/Mo. $1,447 $1,302 $1,254
Vacancy Rate 3.0% 3.4% 3.2%
Total # of
Vacant Units 265 2,240 2,433
Net
Absorption 31 (83) (106)
Inventory
Total # of
Units 8,946 65,168 75,864
 Since year-end 2019, there have been seven
new projects built in Clovis (5 market-rate
buildings totaling 877 units; 2 affordable
buildings totaling 135 units; 1,012 units in
total). Such examples include:
➢ The Emerson (1170 Santa Ana Ave.), 216
Class A, market-rate units, completed
2020 [18 units/acre]
➢ Dolce Vita Luxury Apartments (382 N.

McKelvy Ave.), 158 units, completed
2021 [24 units/acre]
➢ Solivita Commons (725 W. Alluvial Ave.),
60 Class B, affordable units , completed
2021 [14 units/acre]
 One building listed as under construction
(Veneto Park at 567 N. Chapel Hill Ave., 185
Class B, market-rate units, projected Apr. ‘23)
 No other buildings currently planned or
proposed in the City, per CoStar
 To meet growing demand for housing and
meet RHNA requirements, City could
consider higher density projects
Source: CoStar; Fresno Council of Governments “Sixth Cycle RHNA Plan” (Accessed July 2021; Updated February 2023); Note: Data represents the average asking rents across all unit types (Studios, 1BR, 2BR, etc.). Inventory includes condominium and co-op units but does not include dormitory or mobile home units. Per Fresno COG’s Sixth Cycle RHNA Plan, Clovis must add 8,977 new housing units (2,926 very low [<50% AMI]; 1,549 low [50-80% AMI]; 1,448 moderate [80-120% AMI], and 3,054 above moderate [>120% AMI] housing).

Top: The Emerson
Middle: Dolce Vita Luxury Apts
Above: Solivita Commons
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MULTIFAMILY MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022

CITY OF CLOVIS
Year Inventory
Units
Vacant
Units
%
Vacant
Net
Absorp.

Units
Asking
Rent
Asking
Rent
(PSF)
2022 8,946 265 3.1% - $1,447 $1.58
2021 8,536 189 2.2% 143 $1,391 $1.55
2020 8,318 115 1.4% 500 $1,234 $1.38
2019 7,934 230 2.9% 93 $1,166 $1.33
2018 7,790 179 2.3% 19 $1,122 $1.29
2017 7,790 198 2.6% 28 $1,076 $1.24
2016 7,790 228 2.9% 119 $1,024 $1.18
2015 7,742 299 3.9% 67 $979 $1.13
2014 7,742 365 4.7% 55 $942 $1.09
2013 7,655 333 4.4% 82 $920 $1.06
2012 7,655 414 5.4% (3) $906 $1.05
2011 7,655 410 5.4% - $896 $1.04
2010 7,655 410 5.4% 70 $892 $1.03
2009 7,655 481 6.3% (75) $885 $1.02
2008 7,655 405 5.3% 8 $935 $1.08
2007 7,620 379 5.0% 135 $927 $1.07

CLOVIS/FRESNO MARKET AREA
Year Inventory
Units
Vacant
Units
%
Vacant
Net
Absorp.

Units
Asking
Rent
Asking
Rent
(PSF)
2022 65,168 2,240 3.4% 404 $1,302 $1.47
2021 63,476 1,287 2.0% 397 $1,243 $1.41
2020 62,873 1,081 1.7% 1,312 $1,122 $1.28
2019 62,040 1,559 2.5% 875 $1,066 $1.22
2018 61,430 1,823 3.0% 370 $1,020 $1.17
2017 61,407 2,169 3.5% 683 $974 $1.11
2016 60,814 2,255 3.7% 453 $931 $1.07
2015 60,649 2,542 4.2% 986 $889 $1.02
2014 60,253 3,131 5.2% 229 $856 $0.98
2013 60,088 3,196 5.3% 609 $841 $0.97
2012 59,910 3,626 6.1% 185 $828 $0.95
2011 59,700 3,597 6.0% 133 $820 $0.94
2010 59,436 3,466 5.8% 1,083 $815 $0.94
2009 58,886 3,999 6.8% (64) $811 $0.94
2008 58,347 3,395 5.8% (102) $855 $0.99
2007 58,029 2,975 5.1% 395 $848 $0.98

FRESNO COUNTY
Year Inventory
Units
Vacant
Units
%
Vacant
Net
Absorp.

Units
Asking
Rent
Asking
Rent
(PSF)
2022 75,864 2,433 3.2% 377 $1,254 $1.41
2021 74,127 1,409 1.9% 436 $1,197 $1.36
2020 73,521 1,239 1.7% 1,370 $1,086 $1.23
2019 72,688 1,774 2.4% 891 $1,034 $1.18
2018 72,078 2,053 2.8% 421 $991 $1.13
2017 72,055 2,451 3.4% 805 $949 $1.08
2016 71,432 2,629 3.7% 614 $909 $1.04
2015 71,220 3,030 4.3% 1,073 $868 $1.00
2014 70,754 3,637 5.1% 287 $841 $0.96
2013 70,541 3,710 5.3% 684 $827 $0.95
2012 70,363 4,216 6.0% 196 $815 $0.94
2011 70,087 4,132 5.9% 206 $807 $0.93
2010 69,742 3,993 5.7% 1,289 $803 $0.92
2009 69,111 4,650 6.7% (107) $798 $0.92
2008 68,439 3,872 5.7% 22 $842 $0.97
2007 67,978 3,433 5.1% 674 $834 $0.96
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023);
Note: Numbers in parentheses and in red indicate a negative number. 883
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MULTIFAMILY MARKET HISTORY
2007 – 2022
Source: CoStar (Accessed February 2023)
Vacancy Rates Asking Rent $PSF/Mo.

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Clovis Clovis/Fresno Market Area Fresno County
$0.80
$0.90
$1.00
$1.10
$1.20
$1.30
$1.40
$1.50
$1.60
$1.70
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Clovis Clovis/Fresno Market Area Fresno County
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 Major concentrations of hotels in Clovis are along Clovis Ave. and W. Shaw Ave. (see maps on following pages)
 Nine of the twelve existing hotels in Clovis fall along the Shaw Ave.

Corridor; There are eight other hotels in the City that are either proposed, under construction, or in final planning, four of which are located directly along the Corridor (including a 111-room Residence Inn that is currently under construction)
 Neighboring Fresno currently has 70 existing and operational hotels totaling 6,007 rooms. In addition to the existing set, there are 11 hotels that are either proposed, under construction, or in final planning (totaling 1,118 rooms; two are located along Shaw Ave. and three are along CA-41., shown in the map to the right)
 Using the existing set of hotels, demand for hotel rooms was estimated using 71% occupancy as a benchmark and increasing demand for hotel rooms by 2% annually
 The results show support for 132 additional hotel rooms in Clovis within 10 years and 252 rooms within 15 years
 In addition to the new Residence Inn, the seven hotels that are proposed or in final planning will bring an additional 695 rooms to Clovis – resulting in 806 new hotel rooms in the next three years
 If the proposed and planned hotels in the City remain on schedule, the supply of hotel rooms will likely meet/exceed the estimated demand for hotel rooms in the next 15 years. The oversaturation of newer hotels in the City could have a negative impact on older or more obsolete hotels in the Clovis/Fresno Market Area
Fresno hotels under construction,
proposed, or in final planning
Sources: CoStar; Smith Travel Research
(Accessed July 2021; Updated February 2023);
Note: There are seven hotels proposed in Fresno (704 rooms); two in final planning (215 rooms); and two under construction (199 rooms, incl. 110-room Hilton Garden Inn and 89-room Holiday Inn Express)

SUMMARY

HOTEL MARKET
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CLOVIS HOTEL

MARKET MAP
Sources: CoStar; Smith Travel Research (Accessed July 2021; Updated February 2023);
Note: Search parameters include hotels within the City of Clovis. Hotels are of Economy to Upscale class as designated by STR. 20 hotels in total - 12 hotels currently exist and are operating (#1-12 in blue), 5 are in final planning (#13-17 in orange), 2 are proposed (#18-19 in purple), and 1 is under construction (#20 in green).

Clovis City
Boundary
2 Inserts 1 and 2
Shown on Next Slide
1 13
3 14
16 15
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CLOVIS HOTEL MARKET MAP
Inserts 1 and 2
Sources: CoStar; Smith Travel Research (Accessed July 2021; Updated February 2023) 19 18
4 5
7 8
9 10 11
20 Insert 1 – W. Shaw
Ave. & Willow Ave.

Insert 2 - Shaw Ave.
& Clovis Ave.

Sierra
Vista Mall
6 17
12 887
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HOTELS WITHIN THE CITY OF CLOVIS
# on Map Hotel Name # of Rooms Hotel Class Operation Type Construction Status
Year Built
(Renovated)
1 Fairfield Inn & Suites Fresno Clovis 85 Upper Midscale Franchise Existing 2009 2 Comfort Suites Clovis 54 Upper Midscale Franchise Existing 2005 3 Best Western Clovis 58 Midscale Franchise Existing 1997 4 Holiday Inn Express 91 Upper Midscale Franchise Existing 2009 5 TownePlace Suites Fresno Clovis 114 Upper Midscale Franchise Existing 2019 6 Hilton Garden Inn Clovis 99 Upscale Franchise Existing 2009 7 La Quinta Inns & Suites Clovis 79 Upper Midscale Franchise Existing 2019 8 Rodeo Lodge 35 Economy Franchise Existing 1980
9 Home2 Suites by Hilton Clovis Fresno 111 Upper Midscale Franchise Existing 2020 10 Homewood Suites by Hilton 83 Upscale Franchise Existing 2010 11 Hampton by Hilton 86 Upper Midscale Franchise Existing 2009 12 Courtyard by Marriott Fresno Clovis 123 Upscale Franchise Existing 2021 13 Element Clovis 146 Upscale Franchise Final Planning 2025 (projected) 14 Aloft Clovis 100 Upscale Franchise Final Planning N/A 15 Hyatt Place Clovis 113 Upscale Franchise Final Planning 2026 (projected) 16 WoodSpring Suites Clovis 122 Economy Franchise Final Planning 2025 (projected) 17 Avid Clovis 56 Midscale Franchise Final Planning 2025 (projected) 18 Studio 6 Clovis 70 Economy Franchise Proposed 2025 (projected) 19 Motel 6 88 Economy Franchise Proposed 2025 (projected) 20 Residence Inn 111 Upscale Franchise Under Construction 2023 (projected) Sources: CoStar; Smith
Travel Research (Accessed
July 2021; Updated February
2023);
Note: Search parameters
include hotels within the City
of Clovis. Hotels are of all
classes (Economy to Luxury)
as designated by STR.
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HOTEL MARKET DEMAND ANALYSIS
MARKET PERFORMANCE SUMMARY*
Source: Smith Travel Research (Accessed February 2023); Notes: Numbers in parentheses and in red indicate a negative percentage change. *Annual averages were calculated during the periods shown.

Year Occupancy Average Daily
Rate (ADR)
Annual Supply
of Room Nights
Annual
Demand for
Room Nights
Change in
Occupied
Room Nights
Revenue per
Available Room
(RevPAR)
Change in
RevPAR
Jan. ‘17 - Dec. ’17 72.4% $111.80 211,700 153,302 - $81.25 - Jan. ‘18 - Dec. ’18 72.8% $116.63 211,700 154,159 0.6% $85.32 5.0% Jan. ‘19 - Dec. ’19 71.4% $119.59 231,055 165,320 7.2% $85.80 0.6% Jan. ‘20 - Dec. ’20 53.1% $105.23 298,897 159,175 (3.7%) $56.90 (33.7%) Jan. ‘21 - Dec. ‘21 65.2% $119.07 345,494 225,502 41.7% $78.45 37.9% Jan. ‘22 - Dec. ‘22 65.9% $136.80 371,570 244,546 8.4% $90.51 15.4% Total Growth(%) (9.0%) 22.4% 75.5% 59.5% - 11.4% -
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HOTEL MARKET DEMAND ANALYSIS
PERFORMANCE BY MONTH (PRE AND POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
Performance by Month (Jan. 2022 – Dec. 2022)
Month Avg.

Occupancy ADR RevPAR
January 2022 53.2% $117.46 $62.44
February 2022 68.6% $135.86 $93.25
March 2022 68.5% $131.71 $90.16
April 2022 70.3% $137.54 $96.65
May 2022 70.0% $147.46 $103.29
June 2022 71.9% $146.19 $105.06
July 2022 69.2% $144.30 $99.82
August 2022 67.3% $136.94 $92.10
September 2022 69.0% $138.22 $95.35
October 2022 68.4% $140.90 $96.42
November 2022 60.8% $138.36 $84.18
December 2022 53.2% $126.71 $67.43
Average 65.9% $136.80 $90.51
The stay-at-home orders enforced due to the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with increased cases in the beginning of 2021, ravaged the hotel industry. As the state re-opened the economy, hotels performance has gradually improved, but falls short of pre-pandemic numbers. Post-COVID, hotels in the market area followed similar trends to the pre-pandemic period with June remaining the most successful month with the highest occupancy levels and RevPAR.. May has slightly higher ADR than June. Winter months are the least successful with January and December having the lowest occupancy levels.

Performance by Month (Jan. 2019 – Dec. 2019)
Month Avg.

Occupancy ADR RevPAR
January 2019 57.4% $109.55 $62.89
February 2019 69.5% $126.35 $87.86
March 2019 72.0% $116.97 $84.27
April 2019 75.2% $120.14 $90.32
May 2019 75.7% $125.97 $95.37
June 2019 79.9% $124.43 $99.48
July 2019 75.1% $123.41 $92.70
August 2019 74.6% $122.92 $91.76
September 2019 76.4% $120.62 $92.12
October 2019 77.4% $119.35 $92.41
November 2019 68.6% $117.68 $80.69
December 2019 55.4% $107.66 $59.69
Average 71.4% $119.59 $85.80
Pre-COVID-19 pandemic, hotels in the market area performed strongly most of the year, except for the winter months (December to February – avg. occupancy was 60.8%). Late Spring to Early Fall months are the most successful (avg. occupancy of 76.3% between April and October). June was the most successful month with the highest occupancy levels and RevPAR. ADR was slightly higher in May 2019.

Sources: CoStar; Smith Travel Research (Accessed February 2023); Note: *Annual averages were calculated during the periods shown. 890
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HOTEL MARKET DEMAND ANALYSIS
EST. PROJECTION OF SUPPORTABLE NEW ROOMS
Y ear* Projected
Demand
Existing Supply of
Room Nights
Imputed
Occupancy
Demand for
Room Nights
Supportable # of
Rooms
2022 244,546 371,570 65.8% 344,431 0
2027 269,999 371,570 72.7% 380,280 24
2032 298,100 371,570 80.2% 419,859 132
2037 329,127 371,570 88.6% 463,559 252
Sources: CoStar; Smith Travel Research (Accessed July 2021; Updated February 2023); Notes: Target occupancy of 71%; Based on conservative 2% annual increase in room demand; *2022 represents the period between January and December 2022. 891
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S
Strengths
• Office demand
• Very strong industrial and multifamily
market in the City and Market Area
• Increasing demand for industrial and
multifamily uses given rise in e-commerce
due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Opportunities Threats
Weaknesses
• Saturation of hotel rooms in Clovis may
meet/exceed the estimated demand for
hotel rooms in the future and could
potentially have a negative effect on
older/more obsolete hotels in the
Clovis/Fresno Market Area
• Office market is relatively strong, but
demand is not as strong compared to
industrial and multifamily uses
• Demand for retail is not strong
• Reuse or reinvigorate former retail space by
blending additional uses – e.g. multifamily
residential, industrial
• Opportunity to build smaller-scale industrial –
local/regional serving industrial tenants (e.g.
last-mile, flex space, sorting facilities)
• Greater industrial presence in Fresno
with key tenants (e.g. Amazon) occupying
larger spaces compared to Clovis
• Higher interest rates and inflation may
delay future development
O T
W

SWOT ANALYSIS

LAND USES
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

LAND USE EVALUATION
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TOOLS SUMMARY
 This section provides an overview of economic development tools or “currencies”, that the City may utilize to attract, finance, and optimize development opportunities that replace or enhance ailing retail locations and achieve the City’s land use goals
 These “currencies” include:
➢ Sales Tax Assessment Revenue (STAR*)® agreements to yield sustainable revenues/payments in lieu of sales taxes for non-retail projects (e.g., industrial) ➢ Development Opportunity Reserve (D.O.R.)® agreements to get public benefits in exchange for density bonuses/increased height limits
➢ Using Enhanced Infrastructure Financing Districts (EIFD) to fund critical infrastructure and blended use development
➢ Other currency includes pursuing grants from state and federal programs (e.g. Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities [AHSC], Infill Infrastructure Grant [IIG], Multifamily Housing Program [MHP], and Transit-Oriented Development Housing Program [TOD]) that incentivize housing and blended use development
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TOOLKIT / “CURRENCIES”
Zoning
Development Opportunity
Reserve (D.O.R.)®: Community
benefits for new density
Tax Increment
Districts
EIFDs / CFDs: Fund
infrastructure with value
capture and district financing
Entitlements
Community benefits and
equivalent tax revenues from
PPPs and DA negotiation;
Replace revenue with Sales
Tax Assessment Revenue
(STAR*)®
895
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REVENUE REPLACEMENT VIA
SALES TAX ASSESSMENT REVENUE (STAR*)®
Loss in retail sales
resulting from online
/ non sales tax
generating uses
Analyze sales tax
potential of opportunity
sites & zoning
designations
Create equivalent General
Fund revenue through
entitlement document /
development agreement
The Sales Tax Assessment Revenue (STAR*)® program addresses the stagnation and decline in city fiscal revenues as a result of the evolution of consumer spending in today’s economy. It is a framework that analyzes the fiscal revenue loss related to lower tax revenue generating uses and eases city general fund pressures by creating an equivalent revenue stream through entitlement / development agreement negotiations.

Use STAR*® when reimagining a shopping center with a blend of non-retail uses, re-entitling property for development from retail to residential / office / industrial, or when a developer proposes a project with low fiscal revenue impact. 896
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SALES TAX ASSESSMENT REVENUE (STAR*)® PROCESS
1 Definition of a custom market trade area based on the targeted project type 2 Evaluation of existing and supportable new retail sales within the targeted market trade area based on existing and projected trends in household spending demographics
3 Identification of local development opportunity sites and the corresponding existing zoning and land use designations
4 Analysis and allocation of proportional sales tax generating potential among opportunity sites based on zoning/land use designation and actual planned/proposed development projects
5 Negotiation of a public-private transaction that is fiscally productive for the local jurisdiction and financially feasible for the private sector developer on a project-by-project basis via Development Agreement.

The STAR*® program typically
involves the following steps:
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DENSITY AND COMMUNITY BENEFITS VIA
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY RESERVE (D.O.R.)®
City “manufactures”
new Density via
Specific Plan / Zoning
City reserves new
Density in D.O.R.® &
adopts amenity list
City selectively distributes D.O.R.®
Density for Projects that deliver
Amenities & Infrastructure
Step 1
City creates density for target
areas via planning process &
banks new density in D.O.R.®
Step 2
Development project applies for
density from D.O.R.® and specifies
amenities to be delivered
Step 3
City & Developer sign Development Agreement,
assigning D.O.R.® density to project based on
contractual commitment to deliver
amenities or infrastructure
Zoning can be one of Clovis’ strongest forms of economic development currency—it should be market-oriented and used strategically. In key development areas, new beneficial zoning should not be given away without tying the zoning to community amenities and infrastructure.

Utilize D.O.R.® in specific plans to direct new density and zoning provisions – such as increased density, building heights, reduced parking requirements, setbacks, other land uses, and reduced fees – to projects with specific community / economic benefits, infrastructure, and amenities.
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SUSTAINABILITY AND HOUSING DISTRICTS
The state has created a variety of public
financing district tools to accomplish:
▪ Sustainability
▪ Resiliency
▪ Mobility
▪ Housing
▪ Public
infrastructure
▪ Public
amenities
Use these districts to target
infrastructure improvements, attract
additional funds, support investor
confidence, and bring a public / private
sector return on investment. Communicating in a Digital World Most flexible / versatile Second-most versatile
25% affordable housing req.

Qualification necessary
Housing focus
95% affordable housing req.

Formed within an EIFD
Allows sales tax if coterminous with City limits
20% to 40% affordable housing req. for sales tax
Affordable
Housing
Authorities
(AHA)
Community
Revitalization &
Inv. Authority
(CRIA)
Enhanced
Infrastructure
Financing
Districts
(EIFDs)
Neighborhood
Infill Finance &
Transit
Improvements
Act
(NIFTI)
NIFTI
-
2 899
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Aff./Workforce Housing/Blended Use
Civic Infrastructure
Brownfield Remediation
Wastewater/Groundwater Light / High Speed Rail
Parks & Open Space
Industrial Structures
Childcare Facilities
T ransit Priority/RTP/SCS Projects
Source: SB 628 / AB 2

WHAT CAN

SUSTAINABILITY &

HOUSING DISTRICTS
FUND?
Unlock investment by funding vital
infrastructure with tax increment
financing and other special district
tools
EIFD: Enhanced Infrastructure
Financing Districts
CRIA: Community Revitalization &
Investment Authorities
NIFTIs, AHAs, & IRFDs
WHOZ, HSD (CEQA Streamlining)
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WHY PUBLIC AGENCIES AUTHORIZE TIF DISTRICTS?

1. Return on investment: Private sector investment induced by district commitment accelerates growth of net fiscal revenues, job creation, housing production, essential infrastructure improvements

2. Ability to attract additional funds – tax increment from other entities (cities, special districts), federal/state grants/loans (e.g. for TOD, water, housing, and parks)

3. Ability to bundle other revenues – sales tax, property tax in lieu of VLF ,ground lease, development impact fees, developer contributions

4. Implement infrastructure, housing and climate action goals; non-contiguous districts allow targeting specific areas

5. Long-term, committed revenues support investor confidence

6. Districts are evolving economic development tools: State is moving to a greener economy, has added 5+ new districts and approved over 2 dozen statutes for sustainability and housing in the past four years; District flexibility, effectiveness, and revenue sources expand with each legislative session

7. No new taxes
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EIFD FUNDAMENTALS
45 years from first bond issuance
Term
Public Financing Authority (PFA) led by city or county implements Infrastructure Financing Plan (IFP) – IFP is the investment plan of the EIFD, managed by the PFA
Governance
City, County, Special District; school district increment exempt
Eligibility
Mandatory public hearings for formation (includes protest opportunity); no public vote to issue debt (updated as of 10/9/19 with adoption of AB 116)
Approvals
Any property with useful life of 15+ years & of communitywide significance; purchase, construction, expansion, improvement, seismic retrofit, rehabilitation, and maintenance
Eligible
Projects
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EIFD WITH A POTENTIAL CITY/COUNTY PARTNERSHIP
Federal & State Sources
• Cap-and-Trade / HCD grant
& loan programs (AHSC, IIG,
TCC)
• Prop 1 bond funds / Prop 68
• SB 1 Road funds
• SB 2 Transfer Tax funds
• Federal DOT / EPA / EDA
funding
Other Potential Funding Sources
• Property tax revenue including RPTTF
• Vehicle license fee (VLF) prop. tax backfill increment • Development Agreement / impact fees
• Benefit assessments (e.g. contribution from CFD)
• Local transportation funding (e.g. Measure M/R)
• Private investment
▪ Ideal strategy includes a County contribution
➢ Clovis receives approximately 14.35% of every $1 collected in property taxes on average (varies by Tax Rate Area) ➢ City additionally receives equivalent of approximately 9.07% of property tax in lieu of MVLF , also available to EIFD ➢ County receives approximately 15.01% of every $1 collected in property taxes on average ➢ School-related entities cannot participate
▪ TIF Districts which involve a City / County joint effort are more likely to win state grant funding sources 903
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OTHER - GRANT FINANCING MATRIX
# Funding Source / Grant Purpose
1 Affordable Housing and
Sustainable Communities (AHSC)
Program
- The AHSC Program assists project areas by providing grants and/or loans to a locality, public housing authority, JPA, developer, or facilities districts, that will achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and benefit Disadvantaged communities (four SB 535 census tracts are fully or partially within the City of Clovis) through increasing accessibility of affordable housing, employment centers, and key destinations via low-carbon transportation
- Assistance terms: Minimum award ($1M), maximum award ($30M) - Eligible activities: new construction, acquisition, or rehab of affordable housing; housing infrastructure; sustainable transportation infrastructure and related amenities, program costs (active transportation) - Affordability threshold: 20% of homes at 80% median household income (MHI) 2 Infill Infrastructure Grant (IIG)
Program
- IIG provides grants for capital improvement projects for qualifying infill projects or qualifyinginfill areas - Used for gap funding to infrastructure improvements for residential or mixed-use developments - Eligible activities: construction, rehab, demolition, relocation, preservation, and acquisition of infrastructure - Affordability threshold: No less than 15% of units as “affordable” units (e.g. affordable units for sale should be sold to a household earning no more than 120% area median income (AMI) - Assistance terms: Minimum award ($1M), maximum award ($7.5M) Notes: Please refer to Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) schedule to ensure when financing sources are available. Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), www.hcd.ca.gov (Accessed July 2021)
Kosmont identified the following grant programs that can assist in providing funding and financing for infrastructure, residential, and mixed/blended use projects:
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OTHER - GRANT FINANCING MATRIX (CONT’D)
# Funding Source / Grant Purpose
3 Multifamily Housing Program
(MHP)
- MHP assist the new construction, rehab, and preservation of permanent and transitional rental housing for lower income households, or the conversion of a non-residential structure to rental housing - Eligible activities: property acquisition, land lease payments, construction and rehabilitation work, offsite improvements (e.g. sewer, utilities, and streets directly related to housing development) - Assistance terms: Maximum award ($20M), base loan various from $150K and $175K based on type of unit 4 Transit-Oriented Development
(TOD) Housing Program
- Program offers low-interest loans as gap financing for rental housing developments near transit that include affordable units. Grants are available to localities and transit agencies for infrastructure improvements necessary for the development of specified housing projects or to facilitate connections between the project and the transit station
- Eligible applicants: developers for rental housing projects; municipalities/transit agencies for infrastructure projects
- Assistance terms: Maximum award for a single project is $15M Notes: Please refer to Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) schedule to ensure when financing sources are available. Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), www.hcd.ca.gov (Accessed July 2021)
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 The growth of e-commerce coupled with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused major shifts in key land uses (hospitality, retail, office, residential, and industrial). Hospitality and retail uses were the most negatively impacted, while residential and industrial uses recovered quickly and are the fastest growing market segments. Office uses are being resized/reconfigured and becoming more integrated in blended use environments
 The industrial and multifamily residential markets in the City and the Clovis/Fresno Market Area are both very strong. The industrial space in the City is almost fully leased (0.1% vacancy). Additionally, multifamily vacancy has remained below 3.1% in the last 6 years and the market has added over 1,000 units in the last four years.
 While 40% of all office space in the City was built in the last 15 years, demand for office uses is not as strong compared to industrial and multifamily uses
 The forecasted demand for hotel rooms in the City was 132 additional rooms in 10 years and 252 rooms within 15 years. If the seven hotels proposed or in final planning in Clovis were to be built, the total number of rooms will likely meet/exceed the estimated demand for hotel rooms in the next 15 years. The resulting oversaturation could have a negative impact on older/more obsolete hotels in the Clovis/Fresno Market Area  Given land use trends and market findings, the City could consider reusing or reimagining former retail space by blending additional uses – e.g. multifamily residential units and industrial space. Adding residential units will not only combat the State’s housing crisis and meet RHNA requirements (See Table 1 on Page 96) but also bring additional residents to the City. This, in turn, would increase property tax and direct/indirect sales tax revenues to the City upon build-out. Although neighboring Fresno has a greater industrial footprint with key large tenants such as Amazon and Ulta Beauty, Clovis may consider adding local/regional serving industrial tenants that do not require large footprints – e.g. last-mile delivery, flex industrial and smaller-scale sorting facilities
 Furthermore, it is possible that a substantial portion of the existing commercial space built before 1982 could be reimagined as blended use (See Table 2 on Page 96)
 City could consider using economic development “currencies” such as STAR*®, D.O.R.®, and EIFD to help finance infrastructure and blended use development that will attract, finance, and optimize development opportunities to replace or enhance retail locations
 Additionally, the City could utilize grant programs to further assist in financing blended use development projects

FINDINGS

LAND USE EVALUATION
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FINDINGS

COMMERCIAL SF REIMAGINATION AND RHNA ALLOCATION TABLES
City of Clovis
Commercial
Land Use
% of Space 40+
Years Old
Est. SF to be reimagined
in the near future
Retail 19% 700,000
Office 14% 156,500
Industrial 18% 288,100
TOTAL SPACE 1,144,600
RHNA Allocation
(City of Clovis)
Number
of Units
Very-Low Income (<50% AMI) 2,926
Low-Income (50-80% AMI) 1,549
Moderate Income (80-120% AMI) 1,448
Above-moderate Income (>120% AMI) 3,054
TOTAL UNITS 8,977
Table 2: Commercial SF ReimaginedTable 1: RHNA Allocation 907
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CITY OF CLOVIS

RETAIL MARKET SURVEY &

LAND USE EVALUATION
(UPDATED FEBRUARY 2023)
2301 Rosecrans Ave. Suite 4140
El Segundo, CA 90245
TEL: 424-297-1070 | URL: www.kosmont.com
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1601 N. Sepulveda Blvd. #382, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 I ph 424.297.1070 I www.kosmont.com Memorandum
To: Andy Haussler, Assistant City Manager, City of Clovis From: Ken K. Hira, President, Kosmont Companies
Fernando Sanchez, Vice President, Kosmont Companies
Date: February 22, 2023
Subject: Work Plan for Real Estate Advisory/Implementation Services - DRAFT I. BACKGROUND
In May 2021, the City of Clovis (“City” or “Client”) retained Kosmont Companies (“Kosmont” or “Consultant”) for the following services:

1. Develop a Retail Market Survey which observed the existing conditions of the retail market within the City, with a focus on the Shaw Avenue corridor (including the 761,000 SF Sierra Vista Mall [“Mall”])

2. Create a Land Use Evaluation t o examine other land uses that could potentially replace or rejuvenate ailing retail locations and identify economic development tools to attract and optimize future development
Following the completion of these tasks, the City has expressed interest in retaining Kosmont to provide real estate advisory/implementation services related to targeted development projects in the City , with a focus o n the Mall. Kosmont proposes the following Work Plan and Budget accordingly.

II. WORK PLAN
Approach to Work Plan Scope of Services: The prospective assignment and consulting services that Kosmont will provide will be of a relatively limited scope and duration, and advisory in nature.

Kosmont will be making recommendations only, which advise the Client, including its elected officials, appointed officials and staff, which they can accept or reject. None of Kosmont’s staff will act in a capacity as an elected official, nor appointed official, nor as staff, nor as serving in a “designated” position.

Task 1: Kick-off Meeting and Tour
Kosmont will participate in a kick -off meeting / tour of targeted development projects, including the Mall. Client will provide relevant project and property data (e.g., concept plans, maps) Task 2: Retail Market Trends Presentation
Consultant will outline the current national and regional land use trends, with a focus on retail.

Kosmont will present market trends, along with findings from the Retail Market Survey and Land Use Evaluation, at one (1) City Council meeting . The goal of this meeting will be to provide City Attachment 2
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City of Clovis
Work Plan for Real Estate Advisory/Implementation Services - DRAFT February 22, 2023

Page 2 of 3 ends

KOSMONT COMPANIES
1601 N. Sepulveda Blvd. #382, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 I ph 424.297.1070 I www.kosmont.com

Council with an understanding of current market trends and how these trends impact future development and reimagination of existing retail space in the City, with an emphasis on the Mall.

Task 3: Real Estate Advisory/Implementation Services for Mall Kosmont will assist the City with real estate advisory and implementation services related to potential development focused on the Mall, including:

a) Development opportunity site profile
b) High-level financial pro forma evaluation / feasibility analysis for potential development / redevelopment
c) High-level project fiscal impact and economic benefit analysis d) Exploration of application of potential economic incentives, funding sources, and/or financing structures in the context of a public -private project, such as Development Opportunity Reserve (D.O.R. ®), special districts (e.g., parking districts, business improvement districts, enhanced infrastructure financing districts [EIFD]), site specific tax revenue pledges, and/or other tools outlined in the Land Use Evaluation e) Assist with initial negotiations with Mall owner re potential redevelopment

Task 4: Meetings Summary
Kosmont will participate in:
a) One (1) kickoff in person meeting / tour per Task 1, b) One (1) virtual or in-person meeting with City Council to present market trends and information gathered in the Retail Market Survey and Land Use Evaluation per Task 2, c) One (1) virtual meeting using the Zoom teleconference platform to review and discuss progress with City Staff, and
d) One (1) virtual or in -person (subject to available budget) City Council presentation to present Task 3 findings.

III. BUDGET

Estimated compensation for Tasks 1 through 4 is $25,000 for professional services (hourly) fees as shown on Attachment A. Budget may be increased by City request at any point in time.

Kosmont is appreciative of the opportunity to continue to work with the City. Thank you.

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City of Clovis
Work Plan for Real Estate Advisory/Implementation Services - DRAFT February 22, 2023

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KOSMONT COMPANIES
1601 N. Sepulveda Blvd. #382, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 I ph 424.297.1070 I www.kosmont.com

ATTACHMENT A

Kosmont Companies
2023 Public Agency Fee Schedule

Professional Services

Chairman & CEO $445.00/hour
President $385.00/hour
Sr. Vice President/Sr. Advisor/Sr. Managing Director $350.00/hour Vice President/Project Advisor $225.00/hour Senior Project Analyst $195.00/hour
Project Analyst/Project Research $165.00/hour
Assistant Project Analyst/Assistant Project Manager $125.00/hour Project Promotion/Graphics/GIS Mapping Services $ 95.00/hour Clerical Support $ 70.00/hour
Additional Expenses
In addition to professional services (labor fees):
1) An administrative fee for in -house copy, fax, phone, postage costs, digital/technological support and related administrative expenses will be charged, w hich will be computed at four percent (4.0 %) of monthly Kosmont Companies professional service fees incurred; plus
2) Out-of-pocket expenditures, such as travel and mileage, professional printing, and delivery charges for messenger and overnight packages will be charged at cost. 3) Project/Market data sources for support of evaluation and analysis e.g., ESRI, Placer.ai, CoStar/STR, IMPLAN, ParcelQuest and other based on quoted project cost. 4) If Kosmont retains Third Party Vendor(s) for Client (with Client’s advance approval), fees and cost will be billed to Client at 1.1X (times) fees and costs. 5) Consultant’s attendance or participation at any public meeting, whether such participation is in person, digital, video and/or telephonic (e.g., City Council, Planning Commission, Public Agency Board, other) requested by Client and are beyond those specifically identified in the Scope of Work will be billed at the professional services (hourly) fees as shown on this Attachment A.
• Charges for Court/Deposition/Expert Witness-Related Appearances Court-related (non-preparation) activities, such as court appearances, depositions, mediation, arbitration, dispute resolution and other expert witness activities, will be charged at a court rate of 1.5 times scheduled rates, with a 4-hour minimum.

Rates shall remain in effect until December 31, 2023.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 15.

TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Finance Department
DATE: March 6, 2023
SUBJECT: Receive and File - 2023 Five-Year Financial Forecast for the City of Clovis through 202 7/28 and discuss options for budget preparation for 2023/24.

Staff: Jay Schengel, Finance Director
Recommendation: Receive and File
ATTACHMENTS: 1. Five-Year Financial Forecast through 2027/28

RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council receives, provides comment, and files the Five-Year Financial Forecast.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Five-Year Financial Forecast is a management tool that is updated and prepared each year to provide the City Council and City management with information on trends for the City’s long-term financial condition. The forecast represents a continuing effort to analyze the City’s fiscal condition based upon a reasonable set of economic and operational assumptions. It is a very important management tool for identifying fiscal trends and issues which must be addressed early to assure continued financial success. This report will serve as an opportunity to review the information and provides guidance on delivering the City’s core services in a sustainable manner.

BACKGROUND
The Five-Year Financial Forecast is a tool intended to be utilized in identifying financial issues confronting the City. The Five -Year Financial Forecast represents a continuing effort to analyze the City’s long -term fiscal condition based upon a reasonable set of economic and operational assumptions. As such, any change in any one of the assumptions can impact the forecasted projections.
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The document is presented in several sections that include Introduction, Executive Summary, Analysis of Funds, Narratives and Exhibits.

The report presents exhibits that are the financial forecast spreadsheets and assumptions.

This provides a quick review of the revenues, expenditures, and fund balances for operations of the General Fund as well as operations of the Public Utility Enterprise Funds, Planning and Development Services and T ransit. Throughout the document , selected tables and graphs have been paired with narrative descriptions to help illustrate forecasted City revenue collections and expenditures.

Based on current growth figures, the City of Clovis is expected to reach 135,000 in population over the next five years. The City pays very close attention to growth in our analysis of the General Fund to estimate revenues and expenditures for the day -to-day operations and servicing of the City’s population including police, fire, parks, recreation, senior services, and street maintenance.

General Fund Status / Summary

The General Fund forecast that is presented is structurally balanced and provides as much growth in criti cal services as possible. However, there are three distinct challenges in this forecast for the next five years. Discretionary revenue is projected to grow at a slower rate , California Public Employees’ Retirement System (PERS) costs will rise significant ly, and the City continues to grow which increases the demand for General Fund services, most notably public safety. Included in the public safety growth are an additional 5 police officers in 2023/24 and an additional 3 officers for the following four forecasted years. Additionally, transfers to the General Government Facilities Fund are needed for various capital projects throughout the forecast period.

Developing accurate revenue estimates during a constantly evolving economy has proven to be challenging. Rising interest rates, inflation at a forty year high, along with production and supply chain disruptions have compounded the uncertainty. Many influences at the local, state, and federal level have significantly impacted rev enue sources both on an ongoing and one - time basis. Based on current estimates, revenues are currently projected to be approximately $1.7 million above expenditures. Because the 202 2/23 budget was prepared on a fairly conservative basis, most departmental budgets are experiencing better than originally estimated outcomes such as revenues exceeding budgeted estimates while expenditures are less than budgeted estimates.

General Fund revenues are projected to exceed the current working budget by $2.8 million for the current fiscal year. This is due to increases in several revenue sources. State reimbursements for wildfires are coming in with an additional $0.7 million over working budget and Transient Occupancy Taxes has an additional $0.8 million estimated d ue to the increase of the hotel tax rate from 10% to 12% effective on January 1, 2023, and includes the anticipated opening of the Marriott Residence Inn in March 2023. Property taxes are projected to be $1.1 million above budget and s ales tax is projected to show a moderate increase of 1.4% in 2022/23 after robust growth in the prior two fiscal years. Card room fees are experiencing a 913
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reduction from the prior year. Franchise fees are projected to be slightly above budget although fees are declining for cable as more residents are opting into satellite and streaming services for home entertainment which are services not subject to Franchise Fees . All additional grant revenues projected are offset with corresponding additional expenditure increases in salaries, benefits, and overtime.

To attain the City’s goal of having the emergency reserve funded at 25% of expenditures, the emergency reserve is being maintained at 23% of expenditures during this forecast period.

FISCAL IMPACT
The forecast provides an opportunity to review the historical trends for actual results and consider current economic factors for future decisions. It provides guidance for the City to maintain fiscally sustainable operations into the future.

REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION
The financial forecast provides an assessment of the impacts of past budgetary policy and possible future outcomes based on current budget strategies. Enhancing services while maintaining financial sustainability are shown to be critical to the City’s future succes s. The forecast is a tool to be used for prudent management of the City’s resources.

ACTIONS FOLLOWING APPROVAL
The staff will receive comments from the Council to assist with the preparation of the 2023/24 Annual Budget.

Prepared by: Jay Schengel, Finance Director

Reviewed by: City Manager JH

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Five-Year
Financial Forecast
Through Fiscal Year 2027/28
Prepared March 2023
City of Clovis
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CITY OF CLOVIS
Five-Year Financial Forecast
Through Fiscal Year 2027/28
PREPARED BY:

John Holt, City Manager
Andrew Haussler, Assistant City Manager
Jay Schengel, Finance Director
Gina Daniels, Assistant Finance Director
Jeff Blanks, Deputy Finance Director
Susan Evans, Accounting Supervisor
Jose Reynoso, Senior Accountant
Jose Cortez, Accountant
Ran Chan, Accountant
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CITY OF CLOVIS

FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL FORECAST

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Introduction, Executive Summa ry & Analysis of Funds ............. 1-4

II. GENERAL FUND

A. Summa ry ................................................................................... 5-8

B. Financial Summa ry Spreadsheet ................................................. 9

C. Revenue Sp readsheets ......................................................... 10-11

D. Expenditure Sp readsheets .................................................... 12-13

III. ENTERPRISE, INTERNAL SERVICE & DEBT SERVICE FUNDS

A. Water Ente rprise.................................................................... 15-17

B. Sewer Ente rprise ................................................................... 19-21

C. Community Sanitati on Enterprise .......................................... 23-25

D. Transit Ente rprise .................................................................. 27-29

E. Planning and Development Services Enterprise ................... 31-33

F. Internal Service & Debt Service ................................................. 34 918
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INTRODUCTION

The Five-Year Financial Forecast through 2027/28 represents a continuing effort to analyze the City’s long-term fiscal condition based upon a reasonable set of economic and operational assumptions. It is an import ant management tool used by both the City Council and senior management to identify fiscal trends and issues which must be addressed to assure continued financial stability. The set of forecasts contained in this report is not a prediction of what will occur. The forecast is a snapshot in time and an approximate view of what could occur in the future if all the assumptions are realized.

As with any forecast or prediction, the assumptions and proj ections for the nearer years carry more certainty and confidence than for the years further into the future.

The economic disruption of the past few years has made forecasting even more challenging as financial markets, cost of goods, and the economy overall has grown increasingly volatile, along with various stimulus and assistance programs that have been implemented by the state and federal governments. It is important that the City continue to closely monitor economic conditions locally , statewide, and nationally and policies at state and national levels that will impact the City’s financial health.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Five-Year Financial Forecast is a shift from previous years in the General Fund. In previous years the ability of the City to cover operational expenses and cover capital needs was extremely challenging as sales and property taxes made up 65% of the total General Fund revenues on average. The City received one-time funds from the federal and state governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020/21 and 2021/22 totaling over $20.2 million. This explains so me of the significant fluctuations that have occurred in revenues and expenditures in thes e years. The City also received the Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Re sponse (SAFER) grant funding to hire additional fire fighters in May 2021 for Fire Station 6 and will rece ive approximately $4 million over a three-year period. Station 6 opened in Augus t 2022, and funding from the SAFER grant will run through December 2023. From that point forward, the General Fund will incur the additional cost of the nine new firefighters – approximately $1.5 million annually.

The General Fund forecast that is presented is structurally balanced and provides as much growth in critical services as possible. This is feasible due to the one-time economic stimulus funds the City rece ived that allowed for funding to be transferred to capital projects and fleet replacement that discretionary revenues would have had to contribute to. It should be noted that this forecast also includes a continued level of transfers to the General Government Facilities Fund for much needed capital projects throughout the forecast period, and ongoing transfers to the emergency reserve are being maintained to sustain a level of 23% of expenditures in pursuit of the goal of reaching the target of 25%.

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The Water Enterprise Fund forecast maintains stable reserves with annual 3% rate increases that have been adopted and are include d in each year of the forecast. The forecast also includes continued contributi ons to the reserves for drought contingency and for the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) though 2027/28. In 2020/21, there was a $5 million down payment as requir ed by the Firm Water Supply Agreement with the Fresno Irrigation District (FID). The remaining balance of $30 million is anticipated to be paid by development impact fees in future years. The forecast includes an interfund loan of $7.5 million in 2021/22 from the Trichloropropane (TCP) reserves to General Services to fund the construction of Fire Station 6, and annual loan repayments for ten years beginning in 2022/23. This loan wil l not affect the City’s ability to treat for TCP during the term of the loan.

The Sewer Enterprise Fund forecast maintain s stable reserves throughout the forecast period. Beginning in 2022/23, a 3% rate increase is included in each year of the forecast period to keep up with rising operating, maint enance, and capital costs, and to maintain a sufficient fund balance for future bonding capacity. An interfund loan is shown beginning in 2023/24 of the fo recast because it is projec ted that the collection of development impact fees for Sewer Major Facili ties will be insufficient to cover the debt service payments. However, there are sufficient funds in the bond charge fund balance collected in prior years to continue the fu ll $7.30 per month rebate to customers until 2026/27. The ability to continue to rebate funds back to ratepayers will be monitored closely throughout the forecast period.

The Community Sanitation Fund maintains stable reserves in this forecast. A 4% annual increase, or portion thereof, was approved by City Council in November 2004 to be implemented as necessary. A decrease of 1.5% was implemented for refuse charges in 2022/23 and increases of 4% are projected ther eafter for the remainder of the forecast period. To keep pace with the recycling and green waste contract increases, the approved 4% annual increase is projected for these operations. In 2021/22, Council approved a $0.50 rate increase for street sweep ing charges resulting in a new rate of $2.75 per month beginning July 1, 2022.

The Transit Fund reflects enough revenues throughout the forecast period to support its operational and capital needs because of incr eased revenues from the Transportation Development Act, which includes Local Tr ansportation Funds (LTF) and State Transit Assistance (STA) funds allocated to Trans it based on population, taxable sales, and transit performance. With funding for Transit constantly in flux, and the Measure C sales tax due to expire after 2027, the types and leve ls of funding will be closely monitored to make any necessary adjustments to current service levels should the need arise. Project- specific funding, including SB1 and various cap-and-trade grants, are used for capital expenses for enhancement of rider amenities . Beginning with the 2017/18 fiscal year, the Transit Fund was required to defer revenue that it had received but not yet spent. Any working capital that is required to be defe rred can be seen on the Transit Fund forecast on the line labeled “Deferred Revenue.” The c onstruction of a new transit center is anticipated to be completed in the fall of 2023.

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The Planning and Development Services Ente rprise Fund forecast maintains adequate and constant reserves. The reserv es are included in case of a slow-down and prudent funding is maintained throughout the forecast period. There have been several years of relatively high numbers of residential units per year; however, starting in 2021/22, those numbers have declined from the most recent five-year average of 1,080 units. As a result, the current fiscal year and the following fiscal year will draw from the fund’s working capital but will increase working capital in the projection years beginning in 2024/25. The fund maintains a healthy working capital balance throughout the forecast period.

Internal Service Funds are projected to be self-balancing throughout the forecast period.

Each of the Internal Service Funds is co ntinually monitored, and more cost-effective programs are implemented wherever possible to reduce costs to all other City operations.

Debt Service Funds will be fully funded to make all debt paym ents and meet all legal obligations.

ANALYSIS OF FUNDS
The purpose of this forecast is to prov ide the City Council and senior management with an early identification of financial trends. With early detec tion, financial trends identified as possible problems can be dealt with in a reasonable manner rather than waiting for a crisis to occur.

The City’s Annual Budget represents a total financing plan for all City operations and must be analyzed by its component par ts to make any meaningful adjustments. Unlike a private holding company, the City cannot remove cash from any one enterprise operation to help support general tax funded operations. Although there is certainly some financial interdependence between the funds, such as inte rnal service fund charges to allocate common costs, each fund represented in the budget must stand alone.

When analyzing City operations, it is appropri ate to look at the budget, department by department. However, when reviewing long range fina ncial policies, it is best to look at the fund structure rather than the department structure. The major fund groups reviewed in this forecast are the operating funds of the City including:

General Fund - This fund includes the functions of general government, including elected officials, administration and finance, public safety, and some field maintenance activities, such as parks and street maintenance.

Enterprise Funds - These funds include operations for water, sewer, solid waste, street cleaning, transit, and planning and development services. 3 923
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Internal Service Funds - These funds include property and liability insurance, employee benefits, fleet maintenance, and general services.

Debt Service Funds - These funds include all debt servic e activity for which the City is responsible.

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GENERAL FUND

Current Year – 2022/23

The 2022/23 Annual Budget was developed to grow the City’s operations to match growth and provide targeted investments in the City to improve the qualit y of life for its residents.

Compared to the past few years, this is a welcome return from those restrained budgets due to the economic uncertainty of the pandemic. While economic uncertainty still exists and the General Fund is still constrained, the City is in a solid fiscal position. This budget further solidifies the City’s financial position in improv ing reserves, setting aside funds for future needs, and reduces the potential need for debt financ ing while restoring critical services and making significant investments in our City.

Developing accurate revenue estimates during a constantly evolving economy has proven to be challenging. Rising interest rates, inflati on at a forty year high, along with production and supply chain disruptions have compounded the uncertainty. Many influences at the local, state, and federal level have significantly impact ed revenue sources both on an ongoing and one- time basis. Based on current estimates, revenues are currently projected to be approximately $1.7 million above expenditures. Because t he 2022/23 budget was prepared on a fairly conservative basis, most departmental budgets are experiencing better than originally estimated outcomes such as revenues exceedi ng budgeted estimates wh ile expenditures are less than budgeted estimates.

General Fund revenues are projected to exceed t he current working budget by $2.8 million for the current fiscal year. This is due to incr eases in several revenue sources. State reimbursements for wildfires are coming in with an additional $0.7 million over working budget and Transient Occupancy Taxes has an additional $0.8 million estimated due to the increase of the hotel tax rate from 10% to 12% effective on January 1, 2023 and includes the anticipated opening of the Marri ott Residence Inn in March 2023. Property Taxes are projected to be $1.1 million above budget. Card room fees are experiencing a reduction from the prior year. Franchise Fees are project ed to be slightly above budget although fees are declining for cable as more residents are opting into satellite and streaming services for home entertainment which are services not subject to Franchise Fees. All addi tional grant revenues projected are offset with corr esponding additional expenditure increases in salaries, benefits, and overtime.

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Forecast – 2023/24 through 2027/28
Three distinct challenges are in the General Fund forec ast for the next five years.

Discretionary revenue is project ed to grow at a slower rate, California Public Employees’ Retirement System ( PERS) costs will rise signi ficantly, and the City continues to grow which increases the demand for General Fund services, most notably publ ic safety. Included in the public safety growth are an additional 5 police officers in 2023/24 and an additional 3 officers for the following four projected years. To attain the City’s goal of hav ing the emergency reserve funded at 25% of expenditures, this reserve is being maintained at 23% during this forecast period. As expenditures plus transfers exceed revenues, the General Fund balance is projected to diminis h from $3 million in 2023/24 to $1 million in 2027/28.

Revenues
Property taxes and sales taxes are the two largest sources of discretionary revenue making up 82% of the total discretionary revenues on av erage; franchise fees , business licenses, and transient occupancy taxes make up the bulk of t he remainder. P roperty tax growth is lar gely driven by growth in the City. When residential, co mmercial or industrial growth occurs, there is a corresponding inc rease in the demand for servic es. However, the inc rease in property tax revenues to support the additional demand for serv ices will not be received by the City until potentially two years after the gr owth occurs. In addition, the pr operty tax rate cannot exceed 2% growth annually due to Proposition 13 statutory limitations. Property tax growth during the forecast period is projected to inc rease at a rate corresponding to 800 single and multi-family residential units, which is approximately the 15-year residential unit average. The forec ast does not project a housing downturn because those are difficult to anticipate. However, if one was to occur, this would result in property tax growth being lower than forecasted.

Sales tax growth has changed due to a change in how people spend their money and due to the shift to online purchases which was exacerbated by the pandemic. In broad terms, consumers are spending a much higher percentage of their disposable inc ome on services rather than goods. Since only goods are subject to sales tax, the revenue from sales tax is not keeping up with population growth and inflation. Additionally, consum ers are purchasing an ever-increasing portion of their goods from online sources rather than local sources. Sales tax is not collected on some online purchases, and sale s tax from other online purchases are paid to the locality of distribution rather than locality of delivery. Furthermore, the online sales tax that is nominally paid to the locality of delivery is actually paid to the County of delivery and is then distributed to the cities in proportion to their sales tax revenues from brick-and-mortar vendors.

In J
une 2018, the U.S. S upreme Court’s decision in South Dakota vs. Wayfair Inc . overruled the long-standing physical pr esence r ule that prevented states from taxing remote sales.

Effective April 1, 2019, Californi a established that all retailers , whether loc ated inside or outside California, are required to collect and re mit taxes on all sales made for delivery in any district that imposes such tax if the retailer has more than $500,000 in annual taxable sales.

As a result of California’s AB 147-The Marketplace Facilitator Act’s response to the “Wayfair” decision, the county pools have experienced vigorous gains creating a new baseline for pools allocations. Consumers have adapted to buying online at a record pace. Although rec ent 6 928
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acceleration to online buying should continue growing the pools, current gains have subsided to levels moderately better than pre-Wayfair historical levels.

Sales Tax is projected to show a moderate increas e of 1.4% in 2022/23 after robust growth in the prior two fiscal years. Sales tax is expected to be flattening or experiencing modest growth due to inflationary pressures on households shifti ng household dollars away from discretionary spending as a larger portion of income goes to essentials such as food, transportation and housing costs. For the remaining projected years, Sales Tax is expected to experience normalized growth at 3-4% annually with population growth at 800 residential units per year.

Growth in Franchise Taxes has slowed in rec ent years as more households move away from traditional hard-wired phone and cable TV service towards cellular and satellite services which are not taxed. All other discretionary revenues are forecast to increase at average growth plus inflation at a three-year average Consumer Price Index.

PERS
PERS costs are projected to rise significantly during the foreca st period due to the recent decline of the market resulting in a decline of investment returns for the PERS investment portfolio. PERS has not yet released new rates show ing the result of this downturn, so to be prudent, the 2023/24 rates were used throughout the pr ojected years of the forecast. At this point the full impact of the investment fluc tuations has not been determined, however, we anticipate the new rates to be at least equal to the 2023/24 rates, if not slightly higher. The
following chart shows the expected General Fund PERS costs, both as a percentage of salary and in dollars, for the forecast period.

As can be seen in the chart, annual General F und PERS costs are projected to rise by $3 million between the current year and the end of the forecast period. 7 929
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Growing D
emands
The City continues to grow, and in recent years it has grown faster than the long-term average.

The growt
h drives some revenue growth, but it also drives a growing demand for services.

Police and Fire comprise the largest expenditures in the General Fund (87% of the City’s discretionary revenues go to Police and Fire) and are most impacted by this growing demand.

Staff will continue to evaluate different ways of delivering services using technology, social media, and best practices to narrow the gap between increased demand for services and the City’s ability to provide without lowering service levels. Failure to grow these departments, as well as other General Fund departments at a rate corresponding to the growth of the City may result in a reduction in the level of service that is provided to the citizens of Clovis.

Approach to the Forecast
The forecast represents staff’s best estimate of the City’s finances for the next five years and will be the basis on which the budget is dev
eloped. The foreca st must be structurally sound
and sustainable, so projected revenues, expenditu res and transfers must be balanced. Some of the components of these revenues, expenditures and transfers are more easily controllable than others. Major increases to revenues, ei ther through tax increas es or extraordinary commercial growth, would be challenging to achi eve or even completely unfeasible, so they were not considered in the dev elopment of the forecast. Expenditures and transfers were adjusted as necessary to best achieve the Cit y’s goals and comply with the City’s policies within the available revenue.

The impact of the PERS costs is significant; t hose costs will rise from 12.5% of the General Fund budget a few years ago to 15% by 2027/28. Essentially, that means the level of service plus the transfers to the rese rve that can be provided in 2027/28 will be only 97.5% of what could have been provided without this rise in PERS costs.

Service levels are already stretched thin, so th is forecast emphasizes growing those services, specifically public safety, as much as revenues allow. Transfers to the General Government Facilities Fund throughout the foreca st are for capital projects that were included in the five- year community investment program in the 2022/23 budget for 2023/24 through 2027/28.

Transfers to the emergency reserve are being main tained at 23% of expenditures in pursuit of the goal of 25%. The forecast includes five addi tional police officers in 2023/24 and three additional officers for each of the remaining four forecast years. 8 930
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

CITY OF CLOVIS

General Fund Financial Forecast - Summary
(dollars in thousands)
2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 Beginning Available Fund Balance 4,430 4,110 1,280 8,430 3,960 2,700 1,490 1,700 1,630 Reappropriation/Encumbrances (190) 290 (790) (1,270)

REVENUES
Discretionary 57,710 66,100 73,630 76,590 80,180 83,320 86,280 89,310 92,430 Non-Discretionary 17,550 30,440 30,170 22,590 22,080 21,790 22,500 23,250 24,010 Total Revenues 75,260 96,540 103,800 99,180 102,260 105,110 108,780 112,560 116,440

EXPENDITURES
Public Safety 54,420 58,590 63,300 73,310 74,100 77,100 80,030 83,090 86,300 Public Utilities 10,050 10,600 11,000 12,490 12,900 13,410 13,830 14,270 14,730 General Government 8,360 8,630 9,660 11,670 11,850 12,420 12,690 13,270 13,620 Total Expenditures 72,830 77,820 83,960 97,470 98,850 102,930 106,550 110,630 114,650 Resources Above/(Below) Operating Expenditures 2,430 18,720 19,840 1,710 3,410 2,180 2,230 1,930 1,790

ADDITIONAL ITEMS
Transfers In from Successor Agency 450 0 0 000000
Transfers Out to General Government Facilities Fund 0 (11,950) (5,540) (2,020) (2,670) (1,790) (1,020) (1,000) (1,000) Transfers Out to PDS/Projects (300) (300) (310) (300) ( 300) (300) (300) (300) (300) Transfers Out to Fleet Fund (2,660) (6,040) (3,010) (990) 00000 Total Additional Items (2,510) (18,290) (8,860) (3,310) (2,970) (2,090) (1,320) (1,300) (1,300) Net Increase/(Decrease) to Fund Balance (80) 430 10,980 (1,600) 440 90 910 630 490

OTHER ITEMS
(Use of)/Addition to Emergency Reserve 50 3,550 3,040 1,600 1,700 1,300 700 700 1,000 Total Other Items 50 3,550 3,040 1,600 1,700 1,300 700 700 1,000 Ending Available Fund Balance 4,110 1,280 8,430 3,960 2,700 1,490 1,700 1,630 1,120 Emergency Reserve-(Dollars) 12,810 16,360 19,400 21,000 22,700 24,000 24,700 25,400 26,400 Emergency Reserve as a % of Expenditures 17.60% 21.00% 23.10% 21.50% 23.00% 23.30% 23.20% 23.00% 23.00%

PROJECTEDESTIMATEDACTUALS
General Fund Summary 2/8/2023 9:05 AM
9 931
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

CITY OF CLOVIS
General Fund - Financial Forecast (dollars in thousands)

REVENUES ESTIMATED
2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 Residential Units (SF + MF) 1,112 1,238 859 850 800 800 800 800 800 Discretionary
Property Taxes
15,880 16,960 18,230 19,250 20,140 20,740 21,540 22,340 23,160 Property Tax In Lieu-VLF 10,420 11,160 11,900 12,910 13,450 14,000 14,570 15,170 15,790 Sales Tax 22,070 27,180 30,640 31,070 32,000 33,280 34,280 35,300 36,360 Franchise Fee 2,460 2,600 2,770 2,950 3,130 3,280 3,410 3,540 3,670 Business License 3,490 3,710 4,000 4,190 4,490 4,760 5,000 5,250 5,510 Other Taxes 2,970 4,100 5,780 6,030 6,770 7,040 7,250 7,470 7,690 Interest 180 120 40 60 60 70 80 90 100
Other Revenues-(Disc.) 240 270 270 130 140 150 150 150 150 Total Discretionary 57,710 66,100 73,630 76,590 80,180 83,320 86,280 89,310 92,430 Non-Discretionary
Community Facility Fee 2,080 2,110 2,170 2,690 2,980 3,260 3,520 3,800 4,090 Sales Tax-(Public Safety) 320 350 470 510 500 520 540 560 580 Other Lic & Permits 90 40 60 100 100 100 100 100 100
Fines & Forfeitures 190 150 190 190 200 200 200 200 200 Building Rentals 40 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
State Subvention-Gas Tax 1,260 1,340 1,580 1,730 1,850 1,880 1,910 1,940 1,970 Grants 1,070 3,410 3,900 3,150 1,630 700 700 700 700
From Other Agencies 920 840 620 750 790 820 840 870 900 Current Services 1,620 1,380 1,640 1,710 1,810 1,880 1,940 2,000 2,060 Landscape Maintenance Charges 3,840 4,000 4,270 4,690 4,940 5,140 5,290 5,450 5,610 Other Revenues-(Non-Disc.) 270 10,770 8,780 370 390 410 420 430 440 Impact/Rental Fees 1,700 1,760 1,830 1,870 1,960 2,040 2,100 2,160 2,220 Admin Charges 4,150 4,290 4,610 4,780 4,880 4,790 4,890 4,990 5,090 Total Non-Discretionary
17,550 30,440 30,170 22,590 22,080 21,790 22,500 23,250 24,010 Total Revenues 75,260 96,540 103,800 99,180 102,260 105,110 108,780 112,560 116,440

ACTUALS PROJECTED
General Fund 2/9/2023 5:01 PM
10 932
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Revenue Assumptions (dollars in dollars)
PROPERTY TAXES: ANNUAL INCREASE INCREASE IN ASSESSED VALUE

2.00% $288,000,000 18.67% of 1%
Increase in AV above is based on 800 residential units Nonresidential Units based on % of Residential Units is 23% PROPERTY TAX IN LIEU-VLF: INCREASE BY ASSESSED VALUE GROWTH 4.20% (Based on 850 units) COMMUNITY FACILITY FEE: 2/3 OF NEW RES UNITS PER YR. 540 ANNUAL FEE: $272 INCREASE BY: 5.17% SALES TAX: 3 YEAR CPI SALES TAX RATE POPULATION GROWTH PER CAPITA PER YEAR

5.17% 1.00% 2,200 PER YEAR $261
COUNTY SHARE: 5.00% OF GROSS SALES TAX (Based on 800 units) 2023/24
SALES TAX GROWTH %: PROJECTED 3.0%
FRANCHISE TAX: 3 YEAR NEW RES UNITS FEE PARTICIPATION % P G & E CPI PER YEAR OF GROSS 50.00% Comcast/AT&T $250 Per Unit per Mo

5.17% 800 1.00% $90 Per Unit per Month
Note: 5 year average for residential units is 1080, 10 year average is 940, 15 year average is 790 units BUSINESS LICENSE: INCREASE BY 3 YR CPI 5.17% PLUS 2.00% FOR NEW BUSINESSES OTHER TAXES: Includes Transient Occupancy Tax, Cardroom Fees, and Real Property Transfer Tax THREE YR CPI 5.17% PLUS NEW HOTELS AND INCREASE IN TOT RATE TO 12% EFFECTIVE JAN. 1, 2023 FINES AND FORFEITURES: PARKING AND VEHICLE $177,000 BASED ON THREE YEAR AVERAGE INTEREST RATE: 2.00% ON PRIOR YEAR'S BALANCE
BUILDING RENTALS: INCREASE ANNUALLY BY: 2.00%
STATE SUBVENTIONS: GAS TAX POPULATION GROWTH
PER CAPITA $12.80 2,200
PER YEAR (Based on 800 units)
Gas Tax Per Capita based on last year actuals
GRANTS: $700,000THREE YEAR AVERAGE OF ONGOING GRANTS
CURRENT SERVICES: INCREASE BY THREE YEAR CPI AVERAGE 5.17% OTHER REVENUES: INCREASE BY THREE YEAR CPI AVERAGE 5.17% IMPACT/RENTAL FEES: BASED ON ADD'L ROUTES PROJECTED IN THE ENTERPRISE FUND AND INCREASE BY 3 YEAR CPI AVERAGE ADMIN CHARGES: INCREASE 2.00% PER YEAR
CITY TAX RATE (Before reductions)
General Fund 2/8/2023 9:08 AM
11 933
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

CITY OF CLOVIS
General Fund - Financial Forecast (dollars in thousands)

EXPENDITURES ESTIMATED
2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28

PUBLIC SAFETY
Salaries
Police-CPOA 9,820 9,890 9,820 13,510 14,110 14,840 15,610 16,410 17,250 Fire 5,750 6,040 6,810 7,600 7,550 7,780 8,010 8,250 8,500 Public Safety-Management 3,080 3,380 3,860 3,990 4,010 4,130 4,250 4,380 4,510 Dispatchers
Police-Non CPOA 3,780 3,790 3,890 4,560 4,510 4,650 4,790 4,930 5,080 Fire-Non Firefighters 200 220 300 320 310 320 330 340 350 Overtime
Overtime-Police 2,730 2,880 3,090 2,810 2,810 2,810 2,810 2,810 2,810 Overtime-Fire 1,470 2,880 2,800 1,850 300 300 300 300 300 Extra Help 730 760 820 940 900 900 900 900 900
Benefits
Health 3,380 3,510 3,640 3,840 4,220 4,600 5,010 5,460 5,940 Retirement 8,070 9,140 10,510 12,810 13,320 13,870 14,430 15,010 15,630 Other 2,810 3,290 3,650 4,440 5,090 5,240 5,400 5,560 5,730 SMS 11,940 12,250 13,490 15,810 16,630 17,300 17,820 18,350 18,900 Capital Outlay 660 560 620 830 340 360 370 390 400
Total Public Safety 54,420 58,590 63,300 73,310 74,100 77,100 80,030 83,090 86,300

PUBLIC UTILITIES
Salaries 2,230 2,350 2,400 2,990 2,950 3,040 3,130 3,220 3,320 Overtime 110 120 130 130 140 150 150 150 150
Extra Help 20 10 30 40 40 40 40 40 40
Benefits
Health 500 540 530 570 620 670 720 780 840
Retirement 390 450 510 580 610 630 640 660 680
Other 370 360 320 290 300 310 320 330 340
SMS 6,400 6,740 7,020 7,820 8,220 8,550 8,810 9,070 9,340 Capital Outlay 30 30 60 70 20 20 20 20 20
Total Public Utilities 10,050 10,600 11,000 12,490 12,900 13,410 13,830 14,270 14,730

GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Salaries 3,430 3,540 3,730 4,150 4,150 4,270 4,400 4,530 4,670 Overtime 10 10 50 20 20 20 20 20 20
Extra Help 370 170 440 560 540 540 540 540 540
Benefits
Health 650 650 660 710 770 830 900 970 1,050
Retirement 670 710 830 910 950 980 1,000 1,030 1,060
Other 230 250 270 300 310 330 360 410 480
SMS 2,980 3,290 3,680 4,970 5,100 5,440 5,460 5,760 5,790 Capital Outlay 20 10 0 50 10 10 10 10 10
Total General Government 8,360 8,630 9,660 11,670 11,850 12,420 12,690 13,270 13,620 Total Expenditures 72,830 77,820 83,960 97,470 98,850 102,930 106,550 110,630 114,650

ACTUALS PROJECTED
General Fund 2/8/2023 9:08 AM
12 934
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Expenditure Assumptions (dollars in thousands)
SALARIES: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 POLICE-CPOA 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% SALARY BASE $13,510 $13,600 $14,530 $15,290 $16,080 $16,900 Additional Officers-Salary $0 $510 $310 $320 $330 $350
Number of Additional Officers 3 5 3 3 3 3
Additional Non-Sworn Positions 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Sworn Officer Positions 112 117 120 123 126 129
FIRE 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
SALARY BASE $7,600 $7,550 $7,780 $8,010 $8,250 $8,500
Additional Firefighter-Salary $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Number of Addl Firefighters 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Sworn Positions 67 67 67 67 67 67
PUBLIC UTILITIES 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% SALARY BASE $2,990 $2,950 $3,040 $3,130 $3,220 $3,320
Additional Salaries-Park/Street $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Addl Park/Street employees 0 0 0 0 0 0
GENERAL GOVT 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% MANAGEMENT 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% OVERTIME: INCREASE BY CPI 5.17% 4.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% EXTRA HELP: FLAT FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS
HEALTH: INCREASE PER YEAR 8.0%
RETIREMENT: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 POLICE-SAFETY 56.10% 56.40% 56.40% 56.40% 56.40% 56.40% DISPATCHERS 28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70%
FIRE 56.10% 56.40% 56.40% 56.40% 56.40% 56.40%
PUBLIC UTILITIES 28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% GENERAL GOVERNMENT 28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% MANAGEMENT 28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70%
PERS EE COST SHARING -MISC -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% PERS EE COST SHARING -SAFETY -8.00% -8.00%
WORKERS COMP: Police-CPOA 16.00% 16.00%
(included in other benefits) Fire 3.73% 4.00%
Mgmt & Admin 1.74% 2.00%
Public Utility 5.72% 6.00%
-8.00%

16.00%

4.00%

2.00%

6.00%
-8.00%

16.00%

4.00%

2.00%

6.00%
-8.00%

16.00%

4.00%

2.00%

6.00%
-8.00%

16.00%

4.00%

2.00%

6.00%
OTHER BENEFITS: Previous year's amount increased by contracted and estimated salary increases. Includes 2% of non-safety salaries for deferred comp, 1% of total salaries for sick leave incentive, 1.45% for medicare and 1% for other benefits.

OTHER SMS: INCREASE BY CPI 5.17% 4.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% CAPITAL OUTLAY: INCREASE BY CPI 5.17% 4.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 50% FOUR YEAR AVERAGE-PUBLIC SAFETY $330
50% FOUR YEAR AVERAGE-PUBLIC UTILITIES $20 + ADDITIONAL EQUIP FOR NEW EMPLOYEES 50% FOUR YEAR AVERAGE-GEN GOVT $10
CONTINGENCY RESERVE: Maintain not less than 15% with a goal to reach 25% of total expenditures. See the Summary Sheet for reserve amounts. (PERS ESTIMATE)
General Fund 2/8/2023 9:08 AM
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

ENTERPRISE FUNDS

The purpose of the forecast for the Enterprise Funds is to provide the City Council and the City Manager with an early identificati on of financial trends along with the future financial costs of legislative and regulatory require ments, and the ability to res pond appropriately. Enterprise Funds, by definition, are supported by rates set to recover the full cost of services, including capital outlays and debt service. The rate setting process requires advance planning, preparation of rate studies, a public hearing process, and a final decision to implement new rates if approved. This process can take up to six months to complete. For this reason, the forecast is a critical management tool for the City.

Further detail regarding each Enterprise Fund is discussed in the following pages. Annually, staff re-evaluates all enterprise operations to determine if any adjustments to rates are needed. At this time, water, sewer, and community sanitation enterprise operations have increases approved sufficient to carry the operat ions through the forecast period, barring any unforeseen or catastrophic event. Once these rate increases meet their objectives, staff will begin to evaluate implementing smaller, more measured increases on an annual basis to avoid large one-time increases.

Water Enterprise

The Water Enterprise Fund is projected to have a working capital balance of approximately $18.6 million at June 30, 2023. The City Council approved adjusted water rates in the Water Enterprise Fund beginning in June 2016 to comp ly with state legal r equirements regarding a tiered water rate structure. The rate adjustment was revenue neutral. Council also approved a 3% annual increase that can be implemented when necessary to fund the increased cost to treat and distribute potable wate r, for capital improvements, and to provide debt service coverage for the 2013 Surface Water Treatment Plant bonds. A 3% rate increase to water rates is included in each of the five years of the projected forecast. The forecast also includes continued contributions to the reserves for the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) and for drought contingency through 2027/28. In 2020/21, ther e was a $5 million down payment as required by the Firm Water Supply Agreement with th e Fresno Irrigation District (FID). The remaining balance of $30 m illion is anticipated to be paid by development impact fees in future years. In 2016/17, the Wa ter Enterprise Fund received a legal settlement for Trichloropropane (TCP) treatment. The Water Ente rprise Fund is required to treat potable water for any TCP present, and a reserve for TCP treatment has been established for the treatment costs. The forecast includes an interfund loan of $7.5 million in 2021/22 from the TCP reserves to General Services to fund construction of Fire Station 6, and annual repayment of the loan beginning in 2022/23 for ten years. This l oan will not affect the City’s ability to treat for TCP during the term of the loan. Included in 2023/24 is a $1.7 million transfer from the Parks Develo pment Fund to reimburse the Water Enterprise Fund for its share of a property purchase for a future basin and park site. The capital outlay includes an expenditure of $2.5 million per year for five years to fund an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) project.
15 939
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Actual Actual Actual Estimated Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 BEGINNING WORKING CAPITAL 26,770 27,100 22,510 22,060 18,660 18,980 18,500 17,760 17,270

REVENUES
WATER CHARGES 17,820 18,580 19,190 23,410 24,240 25,100 25,980 26,890 27,830 DBCP-LEGAL SETTLEMENTS 260 240 130 170 180 190 200 210 220 TOTAL REVENUES 18,080 18,820 19,320 23,580 24,420 25,290 26,180 27,100 28,050

EXPENDITURES
SALARIES 2,870 3,100 3,190 3,790 4,050 4,260 4,390 4,520 4,750 EXTRA HELP 0 10 0 30 30 30 30 30 30
OVERTIME 120 120 130 140 140 140 140 140 140

BENEFITS
RETIREMENT 520 620 680 780 820 860 890 920 960
HEALTH 560 570 570 640 690 750 810 870 940
OTHER 480 510 390 360 490 510 530 540 570
SERVICES, MATERIALS & SUPPLIES 8,310 14,180 11,900 13,160 12,440 13,070 13,730 14,420 15,150 MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT 280 300 450 0 0 1,00 0000
TCP TREATMENT 0 100 100 150 1,100 150 150 150 150
CAPITAL OUTLAY 1,290 1,420 910 5,590 4,650 4,650 4,650 4,650 4,650 TOTAL EXPENDITURES 14,430 20,930 18,320 24,640 24,410 25,420 25,320 26,240 27,340

OTHER REVENUE AND EXPENSE
INTEREST/RENTAL/GRANTS 1,130 620 1,250 360 360 750 750 750 750 1,130 620 1,250 360 360 750 750 750 750
TRANSFERS-OUT (CAPITAL) (3,550) (1,000) (1,000) (500) (1,000) (500) (500) (250) (250) WATER BANKING LOAN TO DEV FUND 1 ,25000000000
PARK DEV PAYBACK - BASIN/PARK 0000 1 ,7000000
INTERFUND LOAN TO GENERAL SERVICES 0 0 (7,500) 770 770 770 770 770 770 CONTRIBUTION-SURFACE WTP (750) (750) (750) (750) (750) (750) (750) (750) (750) MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT RESERVE 0 300 450 (100) (100) 1,000 (250) (250) (250) RESERVE FOR DROUGHT CONTINGENCY (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) RESERVE FOR SGMA (1,000) (1,250) (1,000) (1,000) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) RESERVE FOR TCP TREATMENT 100 100 7,600 (620) 330 (620) (620) (620) (620) ENDING WORKING CAPITAL 27,100 22,510 22,060 18,660 18,980 18,500 17,760 17,270 16,630 RESERVE FOR MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT 1,730 1,430 980 1,080 1,180 180 430 680 930 RESERVE FOR DROUGHT CONTINGENCY 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 RESERVE FOR SGMA 1,750 3,000 4,000 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 RESERVE FOR TCP TREATMENT 15,350 15,250 7,650 8,270 7,940 8,560 9,180 9,800 10,420

CITY OF CLOVIS
Water Enterprise - Financial Forecast (dollars in thousands) Water 2/9/2023 1:19 PM
16 940
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Bi-monthly Meter Charges: Residential - $25.36 Commercial - $20.41 Residential Usage Rates: $1.04 per 1,000 gallons for 0 to 23,000 gallons, $1.73 per 1,000 gallons for 23,000 - 40,000 gallons, $2.12 per 1,000 gallons above 40,000 gallons. Dwelling unit charge $12.68 per month ($25.36 bi-monthly).

Commercial Usage Rates: $1.04 per 1,000 gallons 0 to 23,000 gallons, $1.41 per 1,000 gallons over 23,000 gallons. Monthly charge from $10.21 (1") to $1,034.43 (10").

Current Charges: INCREASED EACH YEAR BY THE AVERAGE INCREASE OF THE PREVIOUS THREE YEARS 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28
Rate Increase: 7/1 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
Rate Increase: 3% Based on Council approved annual rate increase unless not necessary.

Interest: 2.00% OF PREVIOUS YEAR'S WORKING CAPITAL OR A MINIMUM OF $10,000 Salaries: CPWEA 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
Salary Base $3,790 $3,990 $4,210 $4,390 $4,520 $4,660
Additional Employee $85 $100 $50 $90
Extra Help: FLAT FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS
Overtime: FLAT FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS
Retirement: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28

28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70%
PERS Cost Sharing: -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% Health: INCREASE PER YEAR 8.00%
Other Benefits: 6.00% FOR CPWEA 2.00% FOR ADMIN

1.45% OF SALARIES
-WORKERS COMP
-MEDICARE
-DEFERRED COMP/SICK LEAVE/OTHER 5.25% OF SALARIES
Other SMS: INCREASE BY CPI FOR FUTURE YEARS 5.17%
(Increase energy cost by 50% for the Surface Water Treatment Plant operation beginning in 2004/05) Rental of the New Corp Yard-beginning 2002/03 $320 per year Capital Outlay: FOUR YEAR AVERAGE INCREASED BY CPI FOR FUTURE YEARS 5.17% Transfers Out: FOR CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS FOR LAND ACQUISITION DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RECHARGE FACILITIES-100% Reserves: WELLHEAD TREATMENT CONTINGENCY ESTABLISHED FOR CLEANUP OF DBCP CONTAMINATION

MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT RESERVE ESTABLISHED FOR NEW MEMBRANE COSTS

DROUGHT CONTINGENCY ESTABLISHED FOR WATER PURCHASE DURING POSSIBLE DROUGHT

TCP TREATMENT RESERVE FOR TREATMENT CAPITAL AND O&M

SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT ACT RESERVE
(PERS ESTIMATE)
Water Enterprise- Revenue Assumptions (dollars in dollars) Water Enterprise - Expense Assumptions (dollars in thousands) Water 2/9/2023 1:19 PM
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Sewer Enterprise
The Sewer Enterprise Fund is projected to hav e a working capit al balance of approximately
$24.7 million at June 30, 2023. The City Council approved a series of rate increases for the Sewer Enterprise Fund beginning August 1, 2010. Rate increases are driven by the rising cost of treatment and capital improv ements at the Regional Treatment facility as well as the increase in the costs to operate new pump stations, the Sewer Treatment Water Reuse Facility (ST-WRF), and to meet bond covenants normally borne by development fees which are projected to be insufficient to meet the City’s ob ligations in a portion of the forecast period. A 3% rate increase is included in each year of the forecast period to keep up with rising operating, maintenance and capital costs, and to maintain a suff icient fund balance for future bonding capacity. An interfund loan is shown beg inning in 2023/24 of the forecast because it is projected that the collecti on of development impact fees for Sewer Major Facilities will be insufficient to cover the debt service payments. However, there are sufficient funds in the bond charge fund balance collected in prior years to continue the full $7.30 per month rebate to customers until 2026/27. The ability to continue to rebate funds back to ratepayers will be monitored closely throughout the forecast period.
19 943
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Actual Actual Actual Estimated Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 BEGINNING WORKING CAPITAL 20,830 24, 820 26,260 26,720 24,670 22,010 20,190 18,510 18,400

REVENUES
SEWER CHARGES 13,470 13,540 13,780 14,780 15,350 16,030 16,730 17,460 18,210 PRETREATMENT CHARGES 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
TOTAL REVENUES 13,520 13,590 13,830 14,830 15,400 16,080 16,780 17,510 18,260

EXPENDITURES
SALARIES 950 1,030 1,090 1,390 1,380 1,570 1,710 1,760 1,810 EXTRA HELP 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10
OVERTIME 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

BENEFITS
RETIREMENT 170 200 230 270 270 320 350 360 370
HEALTH 150 180 190 230 250 270 290 310 330
OTHER 160 160 120 130 120 190 210 210 220
SERVICES, MATERIALS & SUPPLIES 4,000 4,400 5,090 5,790 6,060 6,360 6,670 7,000 7,350 FRESNO TREATMENT PLANT 3,060 2,900 3,180 3,800 4,000 4,210 4,430 4,660 4,900 CLOVIS TRMT/REUSE PLANT (ST-WRF) 2,300 2,300 2,460 2,630 2,790 2,960 3,140 3,330 3,540 DEBT SERVICE 1,220 1 ,220 1 ,220 1 ,240 1 ,2500000
CAPITAL 170 70 110 650 390 220 230 240 260
CAPITAL-FRESNO PLANT IMPROVEMENTS 320 690 460 3,000 2,500 750 350 500 500 TOTAL EXPENDITURES 12,510 13,160 14,170 19,160 19,040 16,880 17,410 18,400 19,310

OTHER REVENUE AND EXPENSE
INTEREST 860 580 500 400 730 660 630 610 610
GRANTS/MISC/SALE OF ASSETS/REFUNDS 390 430 350 180 50 50 50 50 50 BOND COVERAGE CHARGES/(REBATE) 1,850000 00 0 1 ,850 1,850 3,100 1,010 850 580 780 710 680 2,510 2,510
TRANSFERS IN-DEBT SERVICE 430 4 30 4 30 4 30 4 300000
TRANSFERS OUT-CAPITAL (250) (200) 0 0 00000
FROM DEVELOPER-PLANT CAPITAL IMPROV 400 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 INTERFUND (LOANS)/REPAYMENT (200) 0 0 0 (1,500) (1,500) (1,500) (1,500) (1,500) (INC)/USE OF FRESNO PLANT CAP RESERVE (500) (500) (750) 1,000 1,000 (500) (500) (500) (500) ENDING WORKING CAPITAL 24,820 26,260 26,720 24,670 22,010 20,190 18,510 18,400 18,130 RESERVE FOR FRESNO PLANT CAPITAL 1,500 2,000 2,750 1,750 750 1,250 1,750 2,250 2,750 RESERVE FOR RATE STABILIZATION 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

CITY OF CLOVIS
Sewer Enterprise - Financial Forecast (dollars in thousands) Water 2/9/2023 1:22 PM
20 944
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Current Charges: Population New Units Additional Residential: 2022/23 Per Unit Bond Charge Per Pretreatment Per Increase Per Year Commercial Per Month Unit Per Month Unit Per Month 2,200 800 $42,000 $22.77 $7.30 $0.06
Rate Rebate: ($7.30) Beginning FY 20/21
Rate Increase:* 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 Percentage 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
Revised Monthly Rate $22.77 $23.45 $24.16 $24.88 $25.63 $26.40 Interest: 2.00% OF PREVIOUS YEAR'S WORKING CAPITAL
* Rate Increase: Note: The Council can approve up to a 3% annual rate increase if deemed necessary.

Salaries: (CPWEA) 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
SALARY BASE $1,390 $1,520 $1,570 $1,620 $1,760 $1,810
Additional employee $85 $90
Extra Help: FLAT FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS
Overtime: FLAT FOR NEXT FIVE YEARS
Retirement: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28

28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70%
PERS Cost Sharing: -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% Health: INCREASE PER YEAR 8.00%
Other Benefits:

2.00% FOR ADMIN
-RETIREMENT 28.60% OF EXTRA HELP
-WORKERS COMP 6.00% FOR CPWEA
-MEDICARE 1.45% OF SALARIES
- DEFERRED COMP/SICK LEAVE/OTHER 5.25% OF SALARIES
Other SMS: INCREASE BY AVERAGE CPI FOR PREVIOUS 3 YEARS 5.17% Rental of the New Corp Yard-Beginning in 2002/03 $320
Clovis Treatment/Reuse Plant Operations-Beginning 1/1/2009 $1,000 Regional Treatment Plant: Annual payment for original plant buy-in plus O&M costs.

Adjusted for average 3 year CPI and per capita amount 5.17% Debt Service: Fresno/Clovis Regional WWTP Renovation
96/97 - 2023 $1,250
Capital Outlay: FUTURE YEARS @ $200
- ADJUSTED BY 3 YEAR AVERAGE CPI 5.17%
Cap-Plant Improvements: Based on estimates from the City of Fresno for sewer main and plant refurbishments Transfers In-Debt Service: In from Major Facilities-34.57% of debt service for 1993 WWTP Renovation $427 Transfers Out: Out for on-going capital improvements-per Five Year CIP Interfund Loans: Temporary cash loans to conform with various bond covenants (PERS ESTIMATE)
Sewer Enterprise -Revenue Assumptions (dollars in dollars) Sewer Enterprise -Expense Assumptions (dollars in thousands) Water 2/9/2023 1:22 PM
21 945
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

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22 946
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Community Sanitation Enterprise
The Community Sanitation Enterprise Fund is proj ected to finish the current fiscal year with a working capital balance of approximately $9.9 million at June 30, 2023. A 4% annual increase, or portion thereof, was approved by Council in November 2004 to be implemented as necessary. In 2022/23, the Council implemented a re fuse rate decrease of 1.5%. An increase of 4% is recommended in 2023/ 24 and increases of 4% are projected thereafter for the remainder of the forecast period. To keep pace with the recycling and green waste contract increases, the appr oved 4% annual incr ease is projected for these oper ations. In 2021/22, Council approved a $0.50 rate increas e for street sweeping charges in the City of Clov is Municipal Code resulting in a new rate of $2.75 per month beginning July 1, 2022. An increase to the street sweeping charges of 4% is recommended in 2023/24. The forecast reflects an increase in closur e and post closure costs identified in the revised Joint Technical Document (JTD) dated March 2017 pr epared in agr eement with the Calif ornia Department of Resources Recycling and Rec overy (CalRecycle) and the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).
23 947
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Actual Actual Actual Estimated Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 BEGINNING WORKING CAPITAL 13,860 12, 420 13,520 13,390 9,860 7,590 7,750 7,980 8,370

REVENUES
REFUSE CHARGES 15,390 16,510 17,770 17,620 18,490 19,400 20,350 21,340 22,380 RECYCLING CHARGES 1,780 1,880 2,110 2,220 2,320 2,430 2,550 2,670 2,800 GREEN WASTE CHARGES 2,220 2,380 2,540 2,630 2,770 2,910 3,060 3,210 3,370 STREET SWEEPING CHARGES 1,210 1,250 1,280 1,530 1,550 1,630 1,710 1,790 1,880 TOTAL REVENUES 20,600 22,020 23,700 24,000 25,130 26,370 27,670 29,010 30,430

EXPENDITURES
SALARIES 3,380 3,660 3,900 4,570 4,630 4,770 4,990 5,130 5,280 EXTRA HELP 40 90 70 140 140 140 140 140 140
OVERTIME 380 370 400 430 430 430 430 430 430

BENEFITS
RETIREMENT 630 740 840 940 940 970 1,010 1,040 1,070
HEALTH 710 780 790 860 930 1,000 1,080 1,170 1,260
OTHER 610 660 610 480 570 590 610 630 650
SERVICES, MATERIALS & SUPPLIES 8, 670 8,630 10,350 11,000 11,360 11,950 12,570 13,220 13,900 RECYCLING 1,540 1,640 1,640 1,790 1,880 1,940 2,000 2,060 2,120 GREEN WASTE PROGRAM 1,860 1,920 2,010 2,070 2,180 2,260 2,340 2,420 2,500 STREET SWEEPING 1,700 1,580 1,770 1,780 1,840 1,940 2,040 2,150 2,260 LANDFILL CLOSURE 240 340 380 290 310 330 350 370 390
CAPITAL 1,890 800 1,390 1,960 1,630 500 500 500 500
LANDFILL IMPROVEMENTS 900 60 30 1,690 1,360 200 200 200 200 TOTAL EXPENDITURES 22,550 21,270 24,180 28,000 28,200 27,020 28,260 29,460 30,700

OTHER REVENUE AND EXPENSE
INTEREST 320 150 170 60 320 280 290 310 320
GRANTS/MISC/SALE OF ASSETS 40 50 30 260 330 330 330 330 330 360 200 200 320 650 610 620 640 650
TRANSFERS 150 150 150 150 150 200 200 200 200
ENDING WORKING CAPITAL 12,420 13,520 13,390 9,860 7,590 7,750 7,980 8,370 8,950 RESERVE FOR CLOSURE 4,280 4,620 5,000 5,290 5,600 5,930 6,280 6,650 7,040 RESERVE FOR LIABILITY INS 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Note: Maintain minimum ending working capital at 15% of expenditures or the bond covenant requirements.

CITY OF CLOVIS
Community Sanitation - Financial Forecast (dollars in thousands) Refuse and Street Cleaning 2/9/2023 1:12 PM
24 948
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Cu
rrent Charges: New Units 22/23 Avg Unit Recycling Green Waste Street Cleaning Per Year Per Month Per Month Per Month Per Month
800 $25.42 $4.43 $6.50 $2.75
Additional Commercial Annual Revenue ----------------------------> $35,000 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28
Rate Increase/(Decrease): 7/1 (1.5%) 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% Adjusted Monthly Rate: $25.42 $26.44 $27.49 $28.59 $29.74 $30.93 Rate Increase: Based on Council approved 4% annual rate increase unless not necessary.

Green Waste/Recycling: Based on current year charges, increased by new unit growth and projected rate increases of 4% per year.

Street Cleaning: Based on charge of $2.75 effective July 1, 2022, increased by new unit growth and projected rate increases of 4% per year.

Interest: 2.00% OF PREVIOUS YEAR'S WORKING CAPITAL
Salaries: (CPWEA) 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
Salary Base: $4,570 $4,510 $4,770 $4,910 $5,130 $5,280
Additional Personnel: Res/Comm $120 $75
Extra Help: $140 for Operations per year
Overtime: FLAT FOR FUTURE YEARS
Retirement: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28

28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70%
PERS Cost Sharing: -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% Health: INCREASE PER YEAR 8.00%
Other Benefits: -
WORKERS COMP 6.00% FOR CPWEA 2.00% FOR ADMIN
-
MEDICARE 1.45% OF SALARIES
-
DEFERRED COMP/SICK LEAVE/OTHER 5.25% OF SALARIES
Other SMS: INCREASE BY AVERAGE CPI FOR PREVIOUS 3 YEARS 5.17% Rental of the Corp Yard beginning 2002/03 $320 per year Capital Outlay: Flat for future years $500
Adjusted by 3 year average CPI 5.17%
Transfers: In-For Toters $200 /year
Reserve For Closure: FROM 98/99, INCREASE BY 3 YEAR AVERAGE CPI 5.17% (PERS ESTIMATE)
Community Sanitation - Revenue Assumptions (dollars in dollars) Community Sanitation - Expense Assumptions (dollars in thousands) Refuse and Street Cleaning 2/9/2023 1:12 PM
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

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26 950
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Transit Enterprise
The Transit Fund shows no net position in the near-term as a result of the revenue reco gnition
policy changing for State and Local Transportation Funds (LTF). The State and Local Transportation Funds are required to be deferred until the funds are spent. Recently deferred revenues have been used to cover construction costs of a transit center, with an estimated completion date in the fall of 2023. However, continuing from 2021/22, deferred revenue is projected to increase and to be spent on future operating and capital needs. With funding for Transit constantly in flux due State and local revenues and budgeting, the types and levels of funding will be closely monitored to make any necessary adjustments to current service levels should the need arise.
27 951
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Actual Actual Actual Estimated Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 BEGINNING WORKING CAPITAL 60 (150) 320 62 0000 0 0

REVENUES
MEASURE C FUNDS 1,520 1,820 2,130 2,170 2,280 2,390 2,510 2,640 2,770 LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FUNDS (LTF) 4,320 4,250 5,050 4,970 5,720 5,130 5,350 5,500 5,740 STATE TRANSIT ASSISTANCE (STA) 200 2,870 1,020 1,490 580 960 1,010 1,060 1,110 OTHER (Fares, Advertising, Trolley Rents) 190 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 TOTAL REVENUES 6,230 8,940 8,250 8,680 8,630 8,530 8,920 9,250 9,670

EXPENDITURES
SALARIES 1,440 1,540 1,690 2,050 1,960 2,020 2,080 2,140 2,200 EXTRA HELP 970 940 1,050 1,390 1,460 1,530 1,610 1,690 1,770 OVERTIME 50 40 80 110 110 120 130 140 150

BENEFITS
RETIREMENT 270 310 360 400 400 410 420 430 450
HEALTH 320 330 330 340 360 390 420 450 490
OTHER 510 530 550 550 540 590 610 640 660
SERVICES, MATERIALS & SUPPLIES 2,470 2,390 2,900 3,060 3,300 3,470 3,650 3,760 3,950 CAPITAL-OTHER 410 220 160 450 0 0 0 0 0
CAPITAL-BUSES 0 0 110 1,390 500 0 0 0 0
TOTAL EXPENDITURES 6,440 6,300 7,230 9,740 8,630 8,530 8,920 9,250 9,670

OTHER REVENUE AND EXPENSE
INTEREST/GRANTS/MISC 50 490 180 440 0 0 0 0 0
50 490 180 440 0 0 0 0 0
TRANSFERS (TRANSIT STATION) (50) (2,660) (900) 0000 0 0 ENDING WORKING CAPITAL (150) 320 62 00000 0 0
DEFERRED REVENUE 5,200 4,050 5,740 6,080 6,930 9,220 11,390 13,800 16,380

CITY OF CLOVIS
Transit - Financial Forecast (dollars in thousands)
Transit 2/8/2023 9:25 AM
28 952
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Transit Revenue: Measure C revenue is projected to grow by its historical average increase 5.00% LTF revenue is projected to grow by its historical average increase 5.00% Other revenue is projected to grow by the 3 year average CPI 5.17% Interest: 2.00% OF PREVIOUS YEAR'S WORKING CAPITAL
Deferred Revenue: REVENUE RECEIVED AND NOT SPENT
Salaries: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
Salary Base: $1,900 $1,960 $2,020 $2,080 $2,140 $2,200
Additional Personnel:

Extra Help: INCREASE PER YEAR FOR ADDITIONAL DEMAND IN ROUNDUP TRANSIT SERVICES 5.00% Overtime: INCREASE BY PREVIOUS THREE YEAR CPI 5.17%
Retirement: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28

28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70%
PERS Cost Sharing: -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% Health: INCREASE PER YEAR 8.00%
Other Benefits: 5.72% OF SALARIES 1.74% FOR ADMIN

1.45% OF SALARIES and EXTRA HELP
-WORKERS COMP
-MEDICARE
-DEFERRED COMP/SICK LEAVE/OTHER 5.25% OF SALARIES
Other SMS: INCREASE BY AVERAGE PREVIOUS 3 YEAR CPI 5.17% Capital Outlay: BASED ON BEST ESTIMATES FOR BUSES AND OTHER ADJUSTED BY 3 YEAR AVERAGE CPI 5.17%
(PERS ESTIMATE)
State Transit Assistance, for fiscal years 2019/20 through 2022/23, a transit agency may expend funds apportioned on any operating or capital costs to maintain transit service levels.

Transit- Revenue Assumptions
Transit- Expense Assumptions
Transit 2/8/2023 9:25 AM
29 953
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

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30 954
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Planning and Development Services Enterprise
The Planning and Developm ent Services (PDS) Department transitioned into an Enterprise Fund in 2012/13.

This allows for services to be adjusted as demand fluctuates. The 2023/24 forecast estimates 800 residential units to be constr ucted; this is consiste nt with our historical average of 800 units per y ear. Commercial activity is expected to be trending higher than our historical average. The Building Division revenue fluctuates based on construction valuation of the different projects; dwelling unit numbers are just one indicator. The PDS Department is projected to finish 2022/23 with a working capi tal balance of approximatel y $9.9 million. In addition, if needed, PDS can shift staff resources from its Development Review Unit to its Community Investment Program, should development activity dr amatically slow down. The forecast reflects that the PDS Department will continue to ma intain a prudent reserve that allows for immediate adjustments, should they become necessary. 31 955
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

CITY OF CLOVI
S
Planning & Development Services - Financial Forecast (dollars in thousands) RESIDENTIAL UNITS PER YEAR 1,112 1,238 859 850 800 800 800 800 800 Actual Actual Actual Estimated Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected Pro jected 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 BEGINNING WORKING CAPITAL 7,660 9,090 10,080 9,890 9,900 9,700 9,700 9,700 9,710

REVENUES
BUILDING PERMITS 3,830 4,020 3,390 4,570 4,510 4,740 4,990 5,250 5,520 PLANNING FEES 1,800 1,870 1,310 2,230 1,930 1,980 1,910 1,970 2,040 GENERAL PLAN CONSULTANT 260 250 180 680 1,440 1,930 2,130 1,030 830 ENGINEERING FEES 3,160 2,580 2,700 2,320 2,490 2,620 2,760 2,900 3,050 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT CHARGES 2,650 2,500 2,690 3,800 4,110 4,320 4,540 4,770 5,020 TOTAL REVENUES 11,700 11,220 10,270 13,600 14,480 15,590 16,330 15,920 16,460

EXPENDITURES
SALARIES 5,040 5,080 5,060 6,120 6,580 6,780 6,980 7,190 7,410 EXTRA HELP 350 190 70 140 190 190 190 190 190
OVERTIME 140 70 80 100 90 90 90 90 90

BENEFITS
RETIREMENT 900 970 1,050 1,150 1,230 1,410 1,460 1,500 1,540 HEALTH 850 780 790 790 870 940 1,020 1,100 1,190
OTHER 490 460 420 460 470 490 520 550 580
SERVICES, MATERIALS & SUPPLIES 2,600 2,940 3,460 4,690 3,980 4,190 4,410 4,640 4,880 GENERAL PLAN CONSULTANT 260 250 180 680 1,440 1,930 2,130 1,030 830 CAPITAL 10 20 40 290 380 10 10 10 10
TOTAL EXPENDITURES 10,640 10,760 11,150 14,420 15,230 16,030 16,810 16,300 16,720

ADDITIONAL ITEMS
INTEREST 270 150 180 60 60 190 190 190 190
OTHER REVENUES/GRANTS 70 310 200 470 190 200 200 200 200 TRANSFERS FROM GENERAL FUND 300 300 310 300 300 300 300 300 300 640 760 690 830 550 690 690 690 690
1,700 1,220 (190) 10 (200) 250 210 310 430
270 230 0 0 0 250 210 300 80
9,090 10,080 9,890 9,900 9,700 9,700 9,700 9,710 10,060 2,270 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,750 2,960 3,260 3,340

TOTAL ADDITIONAL ITEMS

NET INC/(DEC) TO WORKING CAPITAL

OTHER ITEMS
(USE OF)/ADDITION TO EMERGENCY RESERVE

ENDING WORKING CAPITAL
Emergency Reserve - (Dollars)
Emergency Reserve as a % of Expenditures 21.3% 23.2% 22.4% 17.3% 16.4% 17.2% 17.6% 20.0% 20.0% Planning Development Services 2/8/2023 9:27 AM
32 956
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

Planning & Development Services - Revenue Assumptions (dollars in dollars ) 2021/22 (Act.) 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 Residential Units Per Year: 859 850 800 800 800 800 800 Non-Residential %: 13% 23% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Averages based on two years actuals and estimate to close Average Permit Fees Per Unit: Building Planning Engineering $3,600 $1,600 $2,300
3 Year Average CPI: 5.17%
2021/22 (Ac
t.) 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28
Planning Program Fee (Staff): $670,000 $1,190,000 $1,200,000 $1,230,000 $1,260,000 $1,290,000 $1,320,000 Plan. Prgm. Fee (Consultant): $180,000 $680,000 $1,440,000 $1,930,000 $2,130,000 $1,030,000 $830,000 Other Planning Fees: $640,000 $1,040,000 $730,000 $750,000 $650,000 $680,000 $720,000 Total FY $1,490,000 $2,910,000 $3,370,000 $3,910,000 $4,040,000 $3,000,000 $2,870,000 Capital Improvement Charges: BASED ON HOURLY RATE CHANGES (AS NEEDED) Interest: 2.00% OF PREVIOUS YEAR'S WORKING CAPITAL
Other Revenues: 5.17%
Grants:

INCREASE BY AVG CPI FOR PREVIOUS 3 YEARS

BASED ON AWARDED GRANTS
Planning & Development Services - Expense Assumptions (dollars in thousands) Salaries: (CPTA) 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 7/1 5.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
Salary Base: $6,390 $6,580 $6,780 $6,980 $7,190 $7,410
Additional Personnel:

Extra Help: $140 $190 $190 $190 $190 $190
Overtime: WILL REMAIN FLAT THROUGHOUT PROJECTION YEARS
Retirement: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28

28.60% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70% 28.70%
PERS Cost Sharing: -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% -8.40% Health: INCREASE PER YEAR 8.00%
Other Benefits: INCREASE BY AVERAGE CPI FOR PREVIOUS 3 YEARS 5.17% Other SMS: INCREASE BY AVERAGE CPI FOR PREVIOUS 3 YEARS 5.17% General Plan Consultant: 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 General Plan Update $175 $1,000 $1,000 $750 $0 $0
Misc. Services (Legal, Housing, Design, Engr) $225 $225 $230 $230 $230 $230 Specific Plan/Master Plan Prep/Updates $70 $0 $450 $850 $300 $0 Utility Plans & Engineering Studies $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 Planning Studies Guidelines $110 $115 $150 $200 $400 $500 Total FY $680 $1,440 $1,930 $2,130 $1,030 $830
Capital Outlay: BASED ON CAPITAL NEEDS PROJECTED FOR DEPARTMENT Transfers: GENERAL FUND DISCRETIONARY FUNDING $300 PER YEAR (PERS ESTIMATE)
Planning Development Services 2/8/2023 9:27 AM
33 957
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

INTERNAL SERVICE FUNDS
The Internal Service Fund group is projected to be self-balanc ing throughout the Five-Year Forecast. Since the Internal Service Fund gr oup is funded by charges to the operating funds, issues that will affect the Internal Service F unds are dealt with in conjunction with analysis of
the impact on the operating funds. Each of the funds within the Internal Service Fund group is continually reviewed to determine where more cost-effective programs and services can be utilized, and expenditure reductions have been made in recent years to reduce the impact of cost sharing on all other City operations.

DEBT SERVICE FUNDS
The Debt Service Fund group, out of necessity and legal obligation, will be fully funded in order
to make the required debt payments.
34 958
AGENDA ITEM NO. 16.

TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Planning and Development Services
DATE: March 6, 2023
SUBJECT: Consider Approval - Res. 23-___, A request to initiate a prezoning of property within the area generally bound by Shepherd Avenue on the south, Willow Avenue on the west, the Enterprise Canal on the north and the Peach Avenue alignment on the east and authorizing staff to prepare an annexation application for t he same boundary. City of Clovis, applicant.

Staff: Dave Merchen, City Planner
Recommendation: Approve

ATTACHMENTS: 1. Resolution 23-___

2. Willow Avenue Corridor Parcel Details

RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council adopt a resolution initiating a prezoning and authorizing staff to prepare an annexation application for the proposed project area.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City has been working with various property owners and developers for several years on plans to annex and develop proper ty along the Willow Avenue corridor a s envisioned by the City’s General Plan and the Heritage Grove Design Guidelines. Th ese plans continue to progress and is likely that the area will begin to develop within the next couple of years. Staff is recommending that the City Council initiate the prezoning and annexation process as a City-led project now because the project boundary contains properties designated for residential development that are important in helping the City to meet State housing requirements. These properties must be annexed into the City by the end of calendar year 2023 to meet the State’s requirements. If the Council initiates this process, the prezoning will be considered by the 959
AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

Planning Commission and then both the prezoning and the annexation will return to the Council for final action in late spring or early summer of this year.

BACKGROUND
The City has been working with various property owners and developers for several years on plans to annex and develop property in Heritage Grove as envisioned by the City’s General Plan and the Heritage Grove Design Guidelines. Based on those plans, several sites along the Willow Avenue corridor have been identified as having the potential to help the City meet state housing requirements in the upcoming Sixth Cycle
Housing Element. For this discussion, the
Willow Avenue Corridor and the proposed
project area include the propert y generally
bound by Shepherd Avenue on the south,
Willow Avenue on the west, the Enterprise
Canal on the north and the Peach Avenue
alignment on the east. This area is illustrated
on the graphic to the right. A total of 26
parcels are included. Information regarding
each of the i ndividual parcel s within the
project area is provided in Attachment 2.

Housing Sites Inventory

After reviewing the status of annexation
projects in Heritage Grove with the City’s
Housing Element consultant (Ascent) in
January, it became clear that Clovis needs to
prezone and annex properties within the
Willow Avenue corridor before the end of
calendar year 2023. There are several
properties that are designated for high
density residential development within this
area that can not be counted in the City’s
housing sites inventory if they are not within
the City limits before January 1, 2024.

Although staff was already working on
annexing this area in conjunction with two
developer-based projects, a City -initiated
process is nece ssary to meet the required
year-end deadline.

Proposed Annexation Boundary

The proposed project area encompasses sites that have been identified for high density housing in the City’s preliminary housing sites inventory as well as surrounding parcels that are required to form a logical, contiguous boundary. Staff also evaluated the surrounding area within Heritage 960
AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

Grove to identify the potential for additional parcels designated for high density residential development. Within Heritage Grove, only the ar ea immediately north of the project area, between the Enterprise Canal and Copper Avenue, has the potential to accommodate high density residential projects. However, the area north of the Enterprise Canal has many uncertainties with water allocations and the timing of development that cannot be resolved in time to include these parcels in the housing inventory. Therefore, staff is not proposing to include that area in the City-initiated annexation.

Purpose of Prezoning

Prior to being annexed, all properties must be prezoned by the City to establish the land use and development standards that will be applied after the properties are incorporated into the City limits. The prezoning needs to be consistent with the underlyi ng Clovis General Plan land use designations.

Prezoning of Properties North of Behymer Avenue

Properties within the project area north of Behymer Avenue are located with in the Heritage Grove City Centers Master Plan, which was adopted by the City in 2019. This process included the adoption of an ordinance prezoning all the properties within the Master Plan. The only change proposed to the prezoning north of Behymer at this time is to clarify that the zone district previously described in the Master Plan as “Mixed-Use Village” is actually “UC - Urban Center”.

This is a technical change to better correspond to the terminology in the Clovis Development Code and no changes to the Master Plan, land use schedule, or development standards are proposed.

Properties South of Behymer Avenue

Properties south of Behymer Avenue were not previously prezoned. If initiated by the Council, the proposed prezoning will identify zone districts that implement the current General Plan land use designations. Where mixed -use zoning is called for, sufficient detail will be included to define how the zone will be implemented.

Public Outreach and Comments

Staff met individually with two developer representatives that represent the majority of the land within the annexation area. Individual written notices were also mailed to the owners of all 26 parcels within the annexation boundary informing them of the project and inviting them to an informational meeting conducted by staff on February 28th. A sec ond set of notices was sent out notifying owners within the project boundary, plus a 600 foot radius, of the March 6th Council meeting. The second notice was sent to 358 properties, with the bulk of the recipients being the owners of single family residential lots in the City of Fresno on the west side of Willow Avenue.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

February 28, 2023 Informational Meeting

An informational meeting was scheduled on February 28, 2023 for property owners to ask questions and provide initial feedback regarding the proposed prezoning and annexation. A total of 13 participants attended the meeting, representing 18 of the 26 parcels included in the project boundary. No objections were noted regarding the prezoning. Several questions were raised regarding City sewer and water connection requirements after annexation is completed. These questions generally came from the owners of smaller parcels where the existing rural residential home site will likely be retained for the foreseeable future. Staff addressed some of these questions during the meeting and is following up to provide specific responses.

FISCAL IMPACT
None.

REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION
The project boundary contains properties designated for residential development that are important in helping the City to meet State housing requirements . These parcels have been incorporated into the draft housing sites inventory for t he Sixth Cycle Housing Element.

However, the parcels must be within the City limits by the end of 2023. The City has been working with various property owners and developers for several years on plans to annex and develop property along the Willow Avenue corridor as envisioned by the City’s General Plan and the Heritage Grove Design Guidelines. While these plans continue to progress and is likely that the area will begin to develop within the next couple of years , a City initiated prezoning and annexation process is necessary to meet the required timeline.

ACTIONS FOLLOWING APPROVAL
If the Council initiates the prezoning and annexation process, the prezoning will be considered by the Planning Commission and then both the prezoning and the annexation will return to the Council for final action in late spring or early summer of this year. Following final action by the City, an annexation application will be filed with LAFCO. The proceedings conducted by LAFCO are projected to take three to five months to complete.

Prepared by: Dave Merchen, City Planner

Reviewed by: City Manager JH
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

Attachment 1
RESOLUTION 23-____

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLOVIS APPROVING THE

INITIATION OF PREZONING OF PROPERTY WITHIN THE AREA GENERALLY BOUND

BY SHEPHERD AVENUE ON THE SOUTH, WILLOW AVENUE ON THE WEST, THE

ENTERPRISE CANAL ON THE NORTH AND THE PEACH AVENUE ALIGNMENT ON THE

EAST AND AUTHORIZING STAFF TO PREPARE AN ANNEXATION APPLICATION FOR

THE SAME BOUNDARY

WHEREAS, the City of Clovis has been working with various prope rty owners and developers for several years on plans to annex and develop property in Heritage Grove as envisioned by the City’s General Plan and the Heritage Grove Design Guidelines; and

WHEREAS, several properties within Heritage Grove located along the Willow Avenue corridor, in the area generally bound by Shepherd Avenue on the south, Willow Avenue on the west, the Enterprise Canal on the north and the Peach Avenue alignment on the east , have been identified as having the potential to help the City meet state housing requirements in the upcoming Sixth Cycle Housing Element; and

WHEREAS, properties within the Willow Avenue corridor need to be annexed before the end of calendar year 2023 to be counted in the City’s housing sites inventory; and

WHEREAS, a City-initiated process to annex the Willow Avenue corridor is necessary to meet the required timeline; and

WHEREAS, prior to being annexed, all properties must be prezoned by the City in conformance with the underlying Clovis General Plan land use desi gnations to establish the land use and development standards that will be applied after the properties are incorporated into the City limits; and

WHEREAS, properties with the Willow Avenue corridor north of Behymer Avenue were previously prezoned in conjunction with the City’s approval of the Heritage Grove City Centers Master Plan in 2019; and

WHEREAS, City has identified the need to clarify that prezoning classification for certain properties identified with the City Centers Master Plan as being prezoned to the Mixed Use Village zone district should be instead be prezoned to the UC – Urban Center zone district to better correspond to the terminology in the Clovis Development Code.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by City of Clovis:

1. The initiation of a prezoning of property within the area generally bound by Shepherd Avenue on the south, Willow Avenue on the west, the Enterprise canal on the north and the peach avenue alignment on the east is hereby approved.

2. Staff is authorized commence work on the preparation of an annexation application for the Willow Avenue Corridor with boundaries identified in Item 1.

* * * * *

The foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Clovis held on March 6, 2023, by the following vote, to wit.

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

DATED: March 6, 2023

______________________________ ______________________________ Mayor City Clerk

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

Attachment 2
WILLOW AVENUE CORRIDOR – PROJECT BOUNDARY & PARCEL DETAILS (Parcel Reference Numbers Correlate with Data on the Following Page)

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

Parcel Ref # APN Approx
Acres GP Designation Prezoning
(Preliminary) Owner Name
13 58007103 29.9 Mixed Use Village R-2, U-C (MU-V), PF, R- 4 SMITTCAMP WILLIAM S & LINDA L TRUSTEES
14 58007104 20.5 Mixed Use Village R-3, PF SMITTCAMP WILLIAM S & LINDA L TRS 15 58007113 19.7 Mixed Use Village R-3 INTERNATIONAL CHURCH OF THE 16 58007116 12.3 Mixed Use Village & Park R-4, P-F, P-C-C SMITTCAMP WILLIAM S & LINDA L TRUSTEES 17 58007132 8.4 Mixed Use Village U-C (MU-V) MAIN STREET PROMENADE LLC 18 58007134 8.4 Mixed Use Village U-C (MU-V) MAIN STREET PROMENADE LLC 19 58007140 4.8 Mixed Use Village P-C-C INTL CHURCH OF THE FOUR SQ GOSPEL 20 58007142 15.7 Mixed Use Village P-C-C INTL CHURCH OF THE FOUR SQ GOSPEL 25 58007138S 17.5 Mixed Use Village R-2 DE PRIMA NANCY TRUSTEE 28 58007105 1.8 Mixed Use Village & Park P-F GEORGE STANLEY C TRUSTEE 29 58007117 2.3 Mixed Use Village & Park P-F & P-C-C LACEY JON D 30 58007118 2.3 Mixed Use Village & Park P-F & P-C-C DIMAR 31 58007119 2.5 Mixed Use Village & Park P-F & P-C-C CALIFORNIA DEVELOPMENT CO LLC FBO 1 55601033 1.3 High Density Residential R-3 GROOM KENDALL TRUSTEE 2 55601034 2.1 High Density Residential R-3 HERBOLD JEANNETTE L 3 55601005S 0.0 High Density Residential R-3 CONTINENTAL TITLE COMPANY 4 55601006S 32.6 Med-High Density Resid R-2 PALOMATE PACKING CO INC 5 55601007S 6.9 Med-High Density Resid R-2 CONTINENTAL TITLE COMPANY 6 55601008S 3.1 Med-High Density Resid R-2 CONTINENTAL TITLE COMPANY 7 55601032 38.8 High Density Res & Park R-3 BEHYMER/MINNEWAWA LLC 8 55601017 18.9 Mixed Use Bus Campus U-C EASTBAK L P
9 55601037 18.0 Mixed Use Bus Campus U-C P R FARMS INC
10 55601039 18.6 Mixed Use Bus Campus U-C P R FARMS INC 11 55601041 6.9 Mixed Use Bus Campus U-C RUDD PATRICIA L TRS 21 55602029S 169.7 Mixed Use Village U-C RICCHIUTI VINCENT ANTHONY TRS 34 55601023ST 16.3 Water P-F FRESNO MET FLD CONT DIST
Properties North of Behymer - Master Planned and Prezoned in 2019 Through Ordinance 2019-908 Properties South of Behymer That Have Not Previously Been Prezoned 966
AGENDA ITEM NO. 17.

TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Administration
DATE: March 6, 2023
SUBJECT: Consider Approval - Res. 23-___, a Resolution Opposing Initiative No. 21-0042A1, the Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act sponsored by the California Business Roundtable.

Staff: John Holt, City Manager
Recommendation: Approve

ATTACHMENTS: 1. Res. 23-___ Opposing Initiative No. 21-0042A1

2. Draft Letter Opposing

3. Text - The Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act

RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends Council adopt a Resolution opposing Initiative No. 21-0042A1, the Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On Jan. 4, 2022, the California Business Roundtable filed the “Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act” or AG# 21-0042A1. On Feb. 1, 2023, the measure qualified for the November 2024 ballot.

The Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act would amend the California Constitution with provisions that limit voters’ authority and input, adopt new and stricter rules for raising taxes and fees, and may make it more difficult to impose fines and penalties for violation of state and local laws. The measure puts billions of local government tax and fee revenues at risk statewide with related core public service impacts. The measure would have significant negative impacts on City of Clovis operations and core service delivery.

967
AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

BACKGROUND
From Ballotpedia:

“The California Two-Thirds Legislative Vote and Voter Approval for Fee and Charge Increases Initiative (#21 -0042) has qualified for the ballot in California as an initiated constitutional amendment on November 5, 2024.

A "yes" vote supports amending the state constitution to define all state and local levies, charges, and fees as taxes and to require new state taxes proposed by the state legislature to be enacted via a two-thirds legislative vote and voter approval and new local taxes to be enacted via a two- thirds vote of the electorate.

A "no" vote opposes amending the state constitution, thereby maintaining that new state taxes require a two-thirds vote in each legislative chamber or a simple majority vote of electors and new or increased local taxes require approval of the local governing board as well as voter approval.

Supermajority vote requirements for taxes: Increase in vote requirements for state and local taxes.

The ballot title is as follows:

“Limits Ability of Voters and State and Local Governments to Raise Revenues for Government Services. Initiative Constitutional Amendment.”

Petition summary
The summary provided for inclusion on signature petition sheets is as follows:

“For new or increased state taxes currently enacted by two-thirds vote of Legislature, also requires statewide election and majority voter approval. Limits voters’ ability to pass voter - proposed local special taxes by raising vote requirement to two-thirds. Eliminates voters’ ability to advise how to spend rev enues from proposed general tax on same ballot as the proposed tax. Expands definition of 'taxes' to include certain regulatory fees, broadening application of tax approval requirements. Requires Legislature or local governing body set certain other fees.”

The fiscal impact statement is as follows:

“Lower annual state and local revenues, potentially substantially lower, depending on future actions of the Legislature, local governing bodies, voters, and the courts.”

End Ballotpedia.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

I. MAJOR PROVISIONS
Fees and Charges:

• Except for licensing and other regulatory fees, fees and charges may not exceed the “actual cost” of providing the product or service for which the fee is char ged. “Actual cost” is the “minimum amount necessary.” The burden to prove the fee or charge does not exceed “actual cost” is changed to “clear and convincing” evidence.

• Requires fees and charges paid for the use of local and state government property and the amount paid to purchase or rent government property to be “reasonable.” These fees and charges are currently allowed to be market -based. Whether the amount is “reasonable” (introducing a new legal standard aiming to force below market fee and charge amounts) must be proved by “clear and convincing evidence.” The standard may significantly reduce the amount large companies (e.g., oil, utilities, gas, railroads, garbage/refuse, cable, and other corporations) will pay for the use of local public property.

• Prohibits fees on new development based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

Taxes:

• Taxes and fees adopted after Jan. 1, 2022, that do not comply with the new rules, are void unless reenacted.
• Invalidates the Upland decision that allows a majority of local voters to pass special taxes.

The measure specifies that taxes proposed by the initiative are subject to the same rules as taxes placed on the ballot by a city council.
• Expressly prohibits local advisory me asures which allow local voters to express a preference for how local general tax dollars should be spent. • Requires voter approval to expand existing taxes (e.g., Utility, Transient Occupancy) to new territory (e.g., annexations) or to expand the tax base (e.g., new utility service) • New taxes can only be imposed for a specific time period. • City charters may not be amended to include a tax or fee. • All state taxes require majority voter approval.

Fines and Penalties:

• May require voter approval of fin es, penalties, and levies for corporations and property owners that violate state and local laws unless a new, undefined adjudicatory process is used to impose the fines and penalties.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

II. DISCUSSION/ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND
On Jan. 4, 2022, the Californi a Business Roundtable filed the “Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act” or AG# 21-0042A1. On Feb. 1, 2023, the measure qualified for the November 2024 ballot.

The League of California Cities, along with a broad coalition of local governmen ts, labor and public safety leaders, infrastructure advocates, and businesses, strongly opposes this initiative.

Local government revenue-raising authority is currently substantially restricted by state statute and constitutional provisions, including the voter approved provisions of Proposition 13 of 1978, Proposition 218 of 1996, and Proposition 26 of 2010. The Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act adds and expands restrictions on voters and local government tax and fee authority.

Fees and Taxes
Local governments levy a variety of fees and other charges to provide core public services.

Major examples of affected fees and charges are:

• Nuisance abatement charges, such as for weed, rubbish, and general nuisance abatement to fund community safety, code enforcement, and neighborhood cleanup programs. • Commercial franchise fees.
• Emergency response fees, such as in connection with DUI. • Advanced Life Support (ALS) transport charges.
• Document processing and duplication fees.
• Transit fees, tolls, parking fees, and public airport and harbor use fees. • Facility use charges, fees for parks and recreation services, garbage disposal tipping fees.

Virtually every city, county, and special district must regularly (e.g., annually) adopt increases to fee rates and charges and revise rate schedules to accommodate new users and activities. Most of these would be subject to new standards and limitations under threat of legal challenge. Based on the current volume of fees and charges imposed by local agencies, including council-adopted increases to simply accommodate inflation, Cal Cities estimates the amount of local government fee and charge revenue at risk is approximately $2 billion per year including those adopted since Jan. 1, 2022. Over ten years, $20 billion of local government fee and charge revenues will be at heightened legal peril.

Statewide, hundreds of local tax measures were approved in 2022 that likely do not comply with the provisions of the initiative. Nearly $2 billion of annual revenues from these voter-approved measures will cease a year after the effective date of the measure, reducing the local public services funded by these measures, unless the tax is re-submitted for voter approval.

Reductions on local government tax revenues have impacts on core services and infrastructure including fire and emergency response, law enforcement, streets and roads, drinking water, sewer sanitation, parks, libraries, public schools, affordable housing, homelessness prevention, and mental health services.

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

Fines and Penalties
Under existing law, cities are required to provide due process before imposing a penalty or fine for violation of its municipal code:

1. A local agency must adopt administrative procedures that govern imposing fines and penalties, including providing a reasonable period of time for a person responsible for a continuing violation to correct or remedy the violation [Gov't Code 53069.4].

2. Notice must be given to the violating party before imposing the penalty; and give the party an opportu nity to be heard and present any facts or arguments [Merco Construction Engineers v. Los Angeles Unified School District (1969) 274 CA 2d 154, 166].

3. The fine may not be "excessive" [U.S. Constitution amendments VIII and XIV].

The initiative converts administratively imposed fines and penalties into taxes unless a new, undefined, and ambiguous “adjudicatory due process” is followed. This provision may put at risk authority to impose fines and penalties for violations of state and local law.

FISCAL IMPACT
The Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act will take billions of dollars away from local government services statewide and make it more difficult for the City to raise future revenues. The impact on the City of Clovis could include fee revenue amount put at risk, increased legal defense costs, invalidation of taxes or future reduction of tax revenues, delayed annexations/development.

REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION
The position on this initiative recommended are in the best interest of the City in preventing the expansion of restrictions on voters and local government tax and fee authority.

ACTIONS FOLLOWING APPROVAL
Staff will draft a letter of opposition for the Mayor’s signature.

Prepared by: John Holt, City Manager

Reviewed by: City Manager JH
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

ATTACHMENT 1
RESOLUTION 23-___

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CLOVIS
APPROVING THE OPPOSITION TO INITIATIVE 21-0042A1

WHEREAS, an association representing California’s wealthiest corporations and developers is spending millions to push a deceptive proposition aimed for the November 2024 statewide ballot; and

WHEREAS, the measure includes undemocratic provisions that would make it more difficult for local voters to pass measures needed to fund local services and infrastructure, and would limit voter input by prohibiting local advisory measures where voters provide direction on how they want their local tax dollars spent; and

WHEREAS, the measure creates new constitutional loophol es that allow corporations to pay far less than their fair share for the impacts they have on our communities, including local infrastructure and our environment; and

WHEREAS, the measure may make it much more difficult for state and local regulators to issue fines and levies on corporations that violate laws intended to protect our environment, public health and safety, and our neighborhoods; and

WHEREAS, the measure puts billions of dollars currently dedicated to local services at risk and could force c uts to fire and emergency response, law enforcement, public health, parks, libraries, affordable housing, services to support homeless residents, mental health services, and more; and

NOW, THEREFORE , BE IT RESO LVED, that the City of Clovis opposes Initiative 21 - 0042A1;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the City of Clovis will join the No on Initiative 21-0042A1 coalition, a growing coalition of public safety, education, labor, local government, and infrastructure groups throughout the state.

* * * * *

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

The foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Clovis held on March 6, 2023, by the following vote, to wit.

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

DATED:

______________________________ ______________________________ Mayor City Clerk

973
AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

March 7, 2023

Bismarck Obando
Director of Public Affairs, League of California Cities 1400 K Street, Suite 400
Sacramento, CA 95814

RE: Letter Opposing Initiative 21-0042A1 - “Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act”

On March 6, 2023, the City of Clovis voted to oppose Initiative 21 -0042A1, a deceptive, developer-sponsored proposition aimed for the November 2024 statewide ballot that would significantly jeopardize cities’ ability to provide essential services and infrastructure for our residents.

On Jan. 4, 2022, the California Business Roundtable filed the “Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act” or AG# 21-0042A1. On Feb. 1, 2023, the measure qualified for the November 2024 ballot. The City of Clovis strongly opposes this initiative.

The City of Clovis revenue -raising authority is currently substantially restricted by state statute and constitutional provisions, including the voter approved provisions of Proposition 13 of 1978, Proposition 218 of 1996, and Proposition 26 of 2010. The Taxpayer Protection and Government Accountability Act adds and expands restrictions on voters and local government tax and fee authority.

The measure includes undemocratic provisions that would make it more difficult for local voters to pass measures needed to fund local services and projects and would limit voter input by prohibiting local advisory measures where voters can express a preference on how they want their local tax dollars spent.

This measure creates new constitutional loopholes that allow corporations to pay far less than their fair share for the impacts they have on our communities, including impacts on local infrastructure and our environment.

ATTACHMENT 2
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

City Hall Administration • 1033 Fifth Street, Clovis, CA 93612 • 559.324.2010 • TTY-711 [email protected] • www.cityofclovis.com

This measure also may make it much more difficult for state and local regulators to issue fines and levies on corporations that violate laws intended to protect our environment, public health and safety, and our neighborhoods.

Unless defeated, the measure puts billions of dollars currently dedicated to local services at risk, and could force cuts to fire and emergency response, law enforcement, public health, parks, libraries, affordable housing, services to support homeless residents, mental health services, and more.

The measure benefits wealthy corporations and real estate developers while decimating our local communities and neighborhoods.

You may list the City of Clovis in formal opposition to Initiative #21-0042A1 and include our city as part of the growing coalition of public safety, labor, local government, infrastructure advocates, and other organizations throughout the state opposed to this deceptive proposition.

Sincerely,

Lynne Ashbeck, Mayor
City of Clovis

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ATTACHMENT 3
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AGENDA ITEM NO. 18.

TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Administration
DATE: March 6, 2023
SUBJECT: Consider Approval – Appointments to the City of Clovis Historic Preservation Committee.

Staff: John Holt, City Manager
Recommendation: Approve

ATTACHMENTS: 1. September 12, 202 2, staff report regarding Historic Preservation Committee

RECOMMENDATION
Staff is recommending the City Council approve the appointments to the Clovis Historic Preservation Committee.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On February 13, 2023, the Clovis City Council directed staff to seek the nominations from City Council for appointment to the Clovis Historic Preservation Committee. Staff has received nominations from City Council.

Motion from February 13, 2023 – “Motion for each Councilmember to appoint 1-2 members who live, work, own property, or can articulate their historical ties to Clovis to the ad hoc committee by the February 21, 2023, Council Meeting. Motion for approval by Counci lmember Bessinger, seconded by Councilmember Mouanoutoua. Motion carried by unanimous vote.”

Nominated for appointment:

- Mayor Ashbeck - Sayre Miller / Adam Holt

- Mayor Pro Tem Mouanoutoua - John Wright / Tom Wright

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AGENDA ITEM NO. 19.
- Councilmember Basgall - Desiree Haus / Rachael Orlando

- Councilmember Bessinger - Ron Silva / Greg Newman

- Councilmember Pearce - Cora Shipley / Mark Wall

Actions required and charge of the committee based on prior council action:

1. Have City Council appoint 1 – 2 members each.

2. Committee Members must live, work, own property, or can articulate their historical ties to Clovis to the ad hoc committee.

3. This is an ad hoc committee that will meet until the objectives are achieved.

4. The Committee will be subject to the Brown Act.

5. The Committee will be charged with:

a. Identifying criteria they would use to assess historic resources in the City of Clovis.

b. Assessing historic resources in the City of Clovis – this would consist of surveying historic resources within the city limits of the City of Clovis. The historic survey would not designate a property as historic. Instead, the survey would identify properties that could be a historic resource.

c. Provide recommendations to the City Council on the preservation of those identified resources.

6. The Committee would report back to City Council on items included in number 5 above.

Staff is recommending the Committee meet on a monthly basis until they are prepared to report back to City Council.

BACKGROUND
The origin of the creation of a Historic Preservation Committee began with a May 16, 2022, letter from Sayre Miller, representing the Clovis -Big Dry Creek Historical Society requesting the City Council create a Historic Preservation Committee. The letter indicates that the Clovis-Big Dry Creek Historical Society created a committee approximately three years ago to advocate for the preservation of the Carnegie Library building in Old Town Clovis. The Carnegie Library is owned by the Clovis Chamber of Commerce and the City of Clovis has limited control over how that building is used.

Attachment 1 includes all background material. On May 2, 2022, the City Council received an update on 325 Pollasky Avenue, Clovis Chamber of Commerce building. On May 16, 2022, the Clovis-Big Dry Creek Historical Society submitted a letter to the City Manager requesting that 986
AGENDA ITEM NO. 19.
the City form a Historical Preservation Commission. From the May 2, 2022, meeting, it was the consensus of the Council to pursue the formation of a historical preservation committee to assist the effort in updating and preserving the building.

On June 6, 2022, the City Council considered the request from Clovis-Big Dry Creek Historical Society for the Council to create a Historical Preservation Commission. From the June 6, 2022, meeting Council directed staff to establish the Advisory Board as described in the Clovis Municipal Code 9.120.020 - Historic Preservation Board. A City review board designated to promote the cultural, economic, educational, and general w elfare of the City through the preservation and protection of buildings, sites, structures, areas, and districts of historic significance and interest.

On September 12, 2022, staff presented a two options for Council to consider: Option A - Establish a temporary committee that would assess historic resources in the City of Clovis and provide recommendations to City Council on the protection of those identified resources; or Option B - Consider Introduction – Ord. 22-___, an Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Clovis adding Chapter 9.81 of Title 9 of the Clovis Municipal Code creating a Historic Preservation Board.

City Council chose Option A with the following motion: to establish an ad hoc committee that would assess historic resources in the C ity of Clovis and provide recommendations to the City Council on the protection of those identified resources. Membership of the committee will consist of ten (10) members and each member shall be appointed by the City Council following a recommendation by the Mayor and members must be a resident of the City of Clovis.

In October 2022 City Council provided additional direction to table the creation of the Committee until after the November 8, 2022, election. Staff is now returning to City Council to confirm the actions taken on September 12, 2022.

On February 13, 2023, staff returned to council seeking direction on path forward.

FISCAL IMPACT
There is currently no funding to support the establishment of a Historic Preservation Committee.

Staff time to support would likely be limited but it would have an impact on workload.

REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION
Staff is now returning to the City Council to approve the appointments to the Clovis Historic Preservation Committee.

ACTIONS FOLLOWING APPROVAL
Staff will implement Council direction.

Prepared by: John Holt, City Manager

Reviewed by: City Manager JH
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1014
AGENDA ITEM NO. 19.

Clovis City CouncilMarch 6, 2023

Clovis City Council
March 6, 2023