2023 - 2027
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
City of Corona, CA
Corona Fire Department
Emergency Services Division
CITY OF CORONA 1
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
Contact Information
City of Corona
Name: Lee Shin
Title: Emergency Services Manager
Address: 735 Public Safety Way
City, State and Zip: Corona, CA 92880
Direct Contact: 951-496-1299
Email: [email protected]
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PLAN ADOPTION AND RESOLUTION
The City of Corona will submit plans to the Riverside County Emergency Management Department (EMD) who will then forward the plans to the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) for review prior to being submitted to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). In addition, we will wait to receive an “Approval Pending Adoption” letter from FEMA before taking the plan to our local governing bodies for adoption. Upon approval, the City of Corona will insert the signed resolution into this publication.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) is to identify the City’s hazards, review and assess past disaster occurrences, estimate the probability of future occurrences, and set goals to mitigate potential risks to reduce or eliminate longterm risks to preserve and protect life, property, and the environment from both natural and man-made hazards.
The plan was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 to achieve eligibility and potentially secure mitigation funding through FEMA’s Flood Mitigation Assistance, Pre-Disaster Mitigation, and Hazard Mitigation Grant Programs.
Riverside County's continual efforts to maintain a disaster-mitigation strategy is ongoing. Our goal as the City of Corona is to develop and maintain an all-inclusive plan to include all jurisdictions, special districts, businesses, and community organizations to promote consistency, continuity and unification throughout the county and city.
The County’s planning process followed a methodology presented by FEMA and Cal OES which included conducting meetings with the Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) coordinated by Riverside County EMD comprised of participating Federal, State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial (SLTT)governmental bodies and local jurisdictions agencies, special districts, school districts, non-profit communities, universities, businesses, and public.
The plan identifies vulnerabilities, provides recommendations for prioritized mitigation actions, evaluates resources, identifies mitigation shortcomings, provides future mitigation planning, and maintenance of the existing plan.
The plan will be implemented upon FEMA approval.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Conte nt
Contact Information.................................................................................................................... 1 PLAN ADOPTION AND RESOLUTION...................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 1- COMMUNITY PROFILE....................................................................................... 6
1.1 CITY OF CORONA MAP.......................................................................................... 6
1.2 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE DESCRIPTION ........................................................ 6
1.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF CORONA ............................................................................... 8
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF CORONA’S ECONOMY...........................................................10 Figure 1.4.1 – City of Corona Workforce ............................................................................13
1.5 POPULATION AND HOUSING ..............................................................................14
1. 6 TRENDS AND LAND USE .....................................................................................18 CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING PROCESS ......................................................................................15
2.1 LOCAL PLANNING PROCESS...............................................................................15
2.2 PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESS........................................15
2.3 DATES AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC COMMENT.......................................................16
2.4 PLANS ADOPTED BY RESOLUTION.....................................................................16 CHAPTER 3 – MITIGATION ACTIONS AND UPDATES ..........................................................17
3.1 UPDATES FROM 2017 PLAN.................................................................................17
3.2 LIST OF COUNTY AND CITY HAZARDS ...............................................................17
3.3 NEW HAZARDS OR CHANGES FROM 2017 LHMP ..............................................20
3.4 UNIQUE HAZARDS OF THE COUNTY AND CITY.................................................21
3.5 MITIGATION PROJECT UPDATES ........................................................................25 CHAPTER 4.0 – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT.................................28
4.1 CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................28
4.2 ESTIMATING POTENTIAL LOSS ...........................................................................30
4.3 TABLE OF REPLACEMENT VALUES ....................................................................30
4.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES ..........................................30 SECTION 5.0 – COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM ....................................................................49
5.1 REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES .........................................................................49
5.2 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROPERTIES....................................................49 SECTION 6.0 - CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT........................................................................51
6.1 REGULATORY MITIGATION CAPABILITIES .........................................................51
6.2 ADMINISTRATIVE ANDTECHNICAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES........................53
6.3 FISCAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES .....................................................................54
6.4 MITIGATION OUTREACH AND PARTNERSHIPS..................................................54
6.5 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES..................................................................................55 SECTION 7.0 - MITIGATION STRATEGIES.............................................................................56
7.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................56
7.2 MITIGATION ACTIONS...........................................................................................57
7.3 ON-GOING MITIGATION STRATEGY PROGRAMS ..............................................62
7.4 FUTURE MITIGATION STRATEGIES.....................................................................64 SECTION 8.0 – PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCESS .....................................65 SECTION 9.0 – INCORPORATION INTO EXISTING PLANNING MECHANISMS ...................67 SECTION 10.0 - CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT..........................................................67 APPENDIX A – PUBLIC NOTICES AND MAPS................................................................................69 .................................................................................................................................................82 6 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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APPENDIX B – INVENTORY WORKSHEETS..........................................................................88 APPENDIX C – PLAN REVIEW TOOL/CROSSWALK.....................................................................109 CHAPTER 1- COMMUNITY PROFILE
1.1 CITY OF CORONA MAP
1.2 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE DESCRIPTION
The City of Corona is located approximately 45 miles southeast of Los Angeles in western Riverside County. It is in a valley, framed by forests and mountains, and the Prado Basin. Original settlements in the area focused on development within and adjacent to Grand Boulevard. As the City grew, the geographic limitations imposed by the Cleveland National Forest to the south and the Prado Basin to the northeast created natural barriers that confined the City. Corona is bordered by the City of Norco to the north, the City of Riverside to the east, and other Riverside County cities to the west and south.
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The City limits encompass 39.2 square miles and the population is approximately 159,743 (according to the United States Census Bureau’s assessment in July 2021).
Corona, a city whose heritage spans more than a century, has emerged as an ethnically diverse community, where a significant percentage of the population is made up of young and well-educated families. The City’s community boasts many amenities that provide a first-rate quality of life for its residents. It also has more than 394 acres of parks that include sports fields, basketball courts, playgrounds, tennis courts, two skate parks, and an outdoor pool.
Two major freeways and one railroad transect Corona. The Riverside Freeway (SR91) runs east and west directly north of the City’s center, Interstate 15 (I-15) runs north and south near the eastern edge of the City, and the railroad parallels SR-91. These corridors act as major transportation routes to the economic center of Orange County from the Inland Empire.
Two geographical areas are within the boundaries of the City of Corona General Plan Planning Area: lands within the City’s corporate limits and lands within its Sphere of Influence (SOI). The City currently includes 39.2 square miles, plus 34.3 square miles in Riverside County designated as being within the SOI.
The SOI was defined by the City, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and the Riverside County Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO). It represents the areas likely to be served by and potentially annexed to the City. The SOI includes three geographically distinct areas including the West, East, and South Spheres. The West Sphere encompasses three geographic areas: the Prado Basin, Coronita, and the Foothill Area. The East Sphere includes the areas of Home Gardens, Eagle Valley East, and El Cerrito. Additionally, the Temescal Canyon makes up the South Sphere.
The City of Corona Planning Area is within the South Coast Air Basin of California (SCAB). The Air Basin is a 6,600-square mile area encompassing the non-desert portions of Riverside, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties as well as all of Orange County. Bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains to the north and east, the South Coast Air Basin is an area of high air pollution potential.
The climate of the SCAB is dominated by the strength and position of the semipermanent high-pressure center over the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. 8 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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It creates the climate conditions typical of Southern California, (i.e., relatively cool summers, mild winters, infrequent rainfall, cool daytime sea breezes, comfortable humidity, and ample sunshine). Periods of extremely hot weather, winter storms, or Santa Ana wind conditions interrupt this pattern. Unfortunately, the same atmospheric processes that create the desirable living climate can combine to restrict the ability of the atmosphere to disperse the air pollution generated by the region’s population.
The location of the Planning Area (east of the Chino Hills and Santa Ana Mountains) insulates it from the moderating effect of the ocean. Average summertime high temperatures range between about 85 to 92 degrees Fahrenheit from June through September, and average wintertime low temperatures are generally near 40 degrees in the months of December and January. Rainfall is highly variable and confined almost exclusively to the winter months. Rainfall in Corona averages about 12.6 inches annually. Temperatures and precipitation in Corona tend to vary more dramatically than other coastal areas of the basin.
Predominating winds travel from the ocean, across the urbanized coastal areas of Orange and Los Angeles Counties, to Corona through the Santa Ana River Canyon.
The canyon acts as a funnel for air masses moving across the basin. Daytime winds are typically channeled through the canyon to create steady, abnormally high (greater than 12 mph) wind velocities from the west. Typical nighttime conditions reverse, and light winds (less than 1 mph) drift back towards the ocean. Exceptions to this pattern occurs when a high-pressure center forms over the western United States and creates the strong, hot, dry, gusty Santa Ana winds, which move through Corona from the eastern deserts into the canyon.
1.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF CORONA
Corona’s historic resources are those physical elements, both structural and natural, which define the City’s past. They help give the City its unique identity, charm, and orientation. These resources, when well preserved and maintained, provide the community with a sense of permanence, which fosters civic pride and stewardship among its residents and businesses. Information describing the historic and cultural resources were derived from the 2000 Riverside County Integrated Project (RCIP).
Corona’s history has evolved on behalf of Native American inhabitation, missionary influence, agricultural development, and eventual rapid urbanization. The City’s growth and development is typical of many other areas in Southern California. 9 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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In the early 1700s, prior to the arrival of the Spanish, the Gabrieleno and Luiseno Native American Tribes occupied the Corona area. These indigenous peoples used the hot waters in the Temescal Canyon for bathing and religious ceremonies.
Current residents and visitors still enjoy the rejuvenating mud baths and hot springs at the Glen Ivy Springs Resort. Luiseno religious ceremonies were strictly followed and remnants of some of their artistic pictographs and petroglyphs can still be found on rocks in undeveloped areas.
In the early 1800s, the agricultural and cattle ranching base developed, and portions of Corona became part of the Mexican land grant program (i.e., Rancho La Sierra Yorba, Rancho Jurupa, Rancho El Rincon, and Rancho El Sobrante de San Jacinto).
With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed in 1846, Mexico ceded the Corona area as part of California to the United States. The Yorba, Serrano, Sepulveda, Cot, and Botiller families’ ranched sheep and cattle on the original ranchos in the area.
Remnants of the Serrano tanning vats are still found on Old Temescal Canyon Road.
In 1849, the California gold rush brought prospectors, settlers, and new developments to Southern California.
In 1886, developer Robert Taylor persuaded his partners: Rimpau, Joy, Garretson, and Merrill to form the South Riverside Land and Water Company. Together they raised approximately $110,000 to purchase approximately 12,000 acres of agricultural land. Taylor realized the importance of water for the soon to be developed community and additional funds were used to ensure that sufficient water rights were obtained.
Taylor hired Anaheim engineer H. C. Kellogg to design a circular Grand Boulevard three miles round. Early residents used to parade their fancy buggies on this circular street which enclosed the main functions of the community: schools, churches, residences, and stores. To the north along the railroad tracks were the manufacturing plants and packing houses. The southern end of town featured the citrus industry, and the mining companies were established just outside the City’s southeastern and eastern city limits.
The developers initially named their development South Riverside after the successful citrus community of Riverside located nearby. Almost all the new settlers planted orange and lemon trees in hopes of gaining future profits. New groves continued to spring up and by 1912 there were 5,000 acres of established orange and lemon groves. By 1913, Corona shipped more fruit than any other town in Southern California. In 1961, citrus was still considered the backbone of Corona’s economy and the largest source of revenue. In that year, citrus covered 7,500 acres. The labor force fluctuated between 400 and 1,800 workers at the peak of the harvest. An additional 500 people worked at the Exchange Lemon Products Plant. By 1982, Corona’s 10 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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agricultural industry faced a bleak future as production costs made the economics of farming financially unsuccessful. Plans then began to change to replace the groves with approximately 12,500 dwelling units.
On July 13, 1896, residents voted to incorporate and change the name of the community to Corona, which is Spanish for crown, in honor of the City’s circular Grand Boulevard.
By 1900, the population had reached 1,434 people.
On September 9th, 1913, in observance of California’s Admission’s Day, Corona residents celebrated with an international automobile race on the Boulevard. The event attracted auto racing greats such as Ralph DePalma, Barney Oldfield, Terrible Teddy Tetzlaff, and Earl Cooper. More than 100,000 people came to the town to watch Cooper win the race and a prize of $8,250. It was so successful that races were held again in 1914 and 1916. The demise of the Corona Road races was due not only to tragic deaths, which occurred in 1916, but also because of the cost and local effort needed to continually stage such an extravagant event.
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF CORONA’S ECONOMY
Corona continues to maintain its position as the premier location for businesses looking to relocate and expand. Corona’s geographic position attracts a highly educated labor force. Vacancy rates in industrial, commercial, and office properties all declined in 2022, with many companies returning to in-person work. Industrial vacancy rates dropped even lower to 1.0%, retail vacancies dropped to 5.2%, and office vacancy rates steadily declined to 7.5%.
Taxable sales in Corona totaled just over $900 million in the fourth quarter of 2020, down 6.3% from the previous year. This is a more modest decline relative to Los Angeles County (-8.9%) and Orange County (-7.4%), but it contrasts with the growth in Riverside County (3.9%) and San Bernardino County (6.2%). From the first quarter of 2020 to first quarter of 2021, the pandemic led to a surge in spending in some categories. E-commerce surged during the pandemic, with spending up 43.4%.
Demographically, Corona benefits from a young median age, higher education levels, higher median incomes, and higher home values compared to Riverside County and other areas in California. As a thriving inland community, Corona is home to young families comprised of 48,905 households averaging 3.25 persons each, with a median age of 38.3. Annual median household income is $92,606 and 76% of the population age 25 and up possess a high school diploma or higher according to U.S. Census.
Median home prices continue to improve with median values in excess of $620,600. 11 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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New industrial development, business expansions, and relocations to Corona have helped to stabilize Corona’s job market, despite economic impacts related to the global pandemic. Job growth in Corona reported a 10% increase with employment numbers increasing to 86,700 in the first quarter of 2022. Major contributors to local economic growth are the construction, health care, and finance industries, in addition to the fast-growing professional, management, and technology sectors in previous years. Job growth will be continuing to be fueled by the 1.8 million square feet of industrial development recently completed or under construction, and the recent completion of 147,000 square feet of Class A offices. The strong local job market keeps the unemployment rate in Corona at 3%, which is approximately 1% below the Riverside County average as of Fiscal Year 2021.
Fiscal Year 2022 continued to see an expanding housing market with increased median home prices and average rents for multi-family communities. New singlefamily housing developments include Sierra Bella, a new family community consisting of 237 single family homes and Bedford South Corona, which will add more than 1,500 single family units once complete along with Corona’s newest retail development, Bedford Marketplace. Both developments are under construction, with some homes complete and occupied by new homeowners. Several proposed condominium developments are in various stages of plan check or construction including 109 attached units on the east side of Temescal Canyon Road and Dos Lagos Drive.
With limited opportunities for large-scale new development, Corona continues looking for opportunities to redevelop and expand currently underutilized properties.
Through its ongoing commitment to stimulate the local economy and expand its labor force, the City of Corona will continue to be the premier inland Southern California city to live, work, and play.
Nationwide, the economy has continued to show strong recovery from early COVID19 pandemic shutdowns. The national unemployment rate was 3.6% at the end of Fiscal Year 2022 and increased to 3.7% in the first quarter of Fiscal Year 2022.
However, national economic performance does not directly translate to improved or hindered financial condition for local governments, nor opportunities to fund more services. As an example, a rise in home prices does not directly correlate to the City collecting more in property taxes. With Proposition 13, property tax is capped at 1%, and the property’s taxable value cannot increase more than 2% per year. At the same time, the increase in fixed cost for operating City government has outpaced its revenue growth.
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Figure 1.4.1 – City of Corona Workforce
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1.5 POPULATION AND HOUSING
In a little over a century, the City has evolved from a small town of 1,434 people with deep agricultural roots to a dynamic, diverse community of more than 167,759 people.
At the turn of the millennium, Corona’s growth had been among the highest in the United States. It’s vast agricultural areas at the base of the Santa Ana Mountains, La Sierra Hills, and Chino Hills that is centered on a single place of business and civic identity, has evolved to a suburban community of multiple neighborhoods and centers of commerce and employment. Based on estimates from the California Department of Finance, the City’s housing units has increased to 50,287 in 2023 from 48,064 in 2014 from, an increase of approximately 2,223 units.
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Figure 1.5.1 – City of Corona Demographics
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1. 6 TRENDS AND LAND USE
Corona’s residential market continues to boom. Included in future planned construction are three new housing developments that will be adjacent to high fire hazard severity zones. It is mandated that new development in or adjacent to these zones follow the 2016 California Building Code Chapter 7A and Chapter 49 of the 2016 California Fire Code. It is also mandated by the Corona Fire Department that a separate fuel modification plan be submitted for review and approval.
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Figure 1.6.1: Responsibilities within City of Corona
JURISDICTION: CITY OF CORONA DOES YOUR AGENCY HAVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR LAND USE AND/OR DEVELOPMENT ISSUES WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES?
2012 DATA 2017 DATA 2023
Current Population in Jurisdiction or Served 153,649 167,759 Projected Population in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 175,000
Current Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served 39.2 39.2 Projected Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 39.2 Does Your Jurisdiction have any ordinances or
regulations dealing with disaster mitigation, disaster
preparation, or disaster response?
Yes Yes
If yes, please list ordinance or regulation number.
Ordinance No. 2429, 1973, 2077
Corona Municipal Code Chapters 2.52, 3.36, 4.04.80, 7a, 15.12.270 Section 705
What is the number one land issue your agency will
face in the next five years
Economy and Infill/compact development
Approximate Number of Homes/Apts/etc. 47,182 48,930 Projected Number of Homes/Apts/etc.- in 2022 50,500
Approximate Total Residential Value $16.3 billion $17.0 billion Projected Residential Total Value - in 2022 $19.0 billion Approximate Number of Commercial Businesses 5,205 9,000 Projected Number of Commercial Businesses - in 2022 9,500 Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood
hazard zones
0.7% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
earthquake hazard zones
3.5% 3.5% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
3.5%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
wildland fire hazard zones
6.55% 6.55% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
6.55%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses
in flood hazard zones
0.003% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses
in earthquake hazard zones
1.9% 0.3% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
0.3%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses
in wildland fire hazard zones
4.5% 0 Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones
0 0 Projected Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones
2 2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones.
7 7 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
7 Does your jurisdiction plan on participating in the
County's on-going plan maintenance program every
two years as described in Part I of the plan?
Yes Yes If not, how will your jurisdiction do plan maintenance? N/A Will a copy of this plan be available for the various planning groups within your jurisdiction for use in future planning and budgeting purposes?
Yes
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CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING PROCESS
2.1 LOCAL PLANNING PROCESS
Multiple city departments contributed to the update of the 2023 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. Personnel involved included senior management and staff from the Fire Department, Police Department, Community Development, Public Works, Administrative Services, Department of Water and Power, Management Services, Maintenance Services, Library and Recreation, Information Technology, City Clerk, Legal, and Risk Management. The group also includes civil engineers, planners, building officials, city clerks, public information officers (PIO), Geographic Information System (GIS) administrator, accountants, managers, emergency managers, analysts, and fire and police officials. Outreach to key stakeholders was done through email, phone calls and in person meetings.
The group assisted in the development of mitigation strategies and projects based on the risk and hazard ranking assessment conducted by members of Fire, Police, Public Works Departments as well as the Department of Water and Power. They identified completion of past projects and provided updated City data and statistics. For meetings and correspondence records, please reference local planning efforts within Appendix A.
2.2 PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESS
The City of Corona committed to participating in the update of the 2022 Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). An agency multijurisdiction participation form was completed and submitted to Riverside County Emergency Management Department as official notice of participation.
Emergency Management staff attended multiple OA Planning Committee meetings over the course of the planning year where LHMP updates, requirements, and coordinating efforts were conducted.
Neighboring communities were also invited to participate in the update of the LHMP during these quarterly OAPC meetings. Several of Corona’s neighboring communities were in the process of updating their respective LHMPs which allowed the city to cross reference mitigation hazards and risks while also identifying potential mitigation projects that may lead to future collaborate efforts.
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Corona Emergency Management staff attended multiple LHMP workshops hosted by EMD that provided additional information, review, guidance, and assistance throughout the plan’s updating process. These workshops consisted of representatives from various disciplines such as law, fire, hospitals, and schools lending to a well-rounded planning process. These entities were invited by EMD to participate in these workshops via OA emailing distribution lists and calendar invites. In addition to these group settings, the Corona Emergency Services Manager had multiple one on one meetings and email correspondence with EMD planning staff. For meetings and correspondence records, please reference OA planning efforts within Appendix A.
2.3 DATES AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
In an effort to involve the residents of Corona in the update process, and to better understand their concerns and opinions regarding hazards threatening their community and the City as a whole, a survey was developed and the 2023 plan was provided for review. To reach many community members, the plan and survey were posted on the City’s website as well as on social media. The post on the Corona Fire Department Facebook page, which contained the survey and plan, reached over 3,527 individuals.
In addition to these efforts, LHMP information and input was given and received at multiple community meetings.
No new hazards outside of the current contents of the 2023 LHMP were identified. For public notice documentation, please see Appendix A.
2.4 PLANS ADOPTED BY RESOLUTION
Upon approval by FEMA, the LHMP will be presented to the City Council in a public meeting for adoption via an Official Resolution.
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CHAPTER 3 – MITIGATION ACTIONS AND UPDATES
3.1 UPDATES FROM 2017 PLAN
The 2023 LHMP update was a complete review and rewrite of many of the sections to align with the four-step planning process and incorporate updated information across the plan. Many of the 2017 LHMP sections were renamed or adjusted in their order within the 2023 update.
Although no new hazards have been identified, the occurrence or severity of some of these hazards has increased, making them a greater mitigation priority than in previous years. Please see section 3.3 for further information on updates since the publication of the 2017 LHMP.
3.2 LIST OF COUNTY AND CITY HAZARDS
The City of Corona is committed to providing protection to residents and businesses from natural and man-made hazards. The City is also committed to coping with and rebuilding from disasters and emergencies in a manner that is efficient, safe, and provides for a quick return to the quality of daily life in Corona. To accomplish this, it is imperative that the City is aware of the hazards it is susceptible to in order to prepare, respond, recover, and mitigate the applicable hazards.
The County of Riverside identified, evaluated, and ranked 23 natural and man-made public safety risks that could have an impact on the health, safety, and social well-being of communities located within it. The rankings were based on severity of damage and probability of occurrence for each risk. The City of Corona then ranked the same 23 hazards and included the top 10 risks in the City’s annex to the Riverside County MJHMP. Identifying the risks posed by these hazards and developing strategies to reduce the impact of these hazards can assist in protecting and preserving life, property, and the environment.
All 23 hazards are not individually addressed in the City of Corona’s annex. For those hazards not expanded upon, the City feels that the County Plan provides adequate information to address the hazard as it relates to the City. Below are two tables, one identifies the 23 identified hazards with their probability and severity rates and the second lists the County and City final ranking of the hazards. 18 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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Figure 3.2.1 – County and City Hazard Rankings
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Figure 3.2.2 – Hazard Probability and Severity Rates
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3.3 NEW HAZARDS OR CHANGES FROM 2017 LHMP
Although no new hazards have been identified from the approval of the 2017 LHMP the occurrence or severity of some of these hazards has increased, making them a greater mitigation priority than in previous years. Examples of these heightened risks include drought, climate change, occurrences of pandemic outbreaks and their associated threats, and the threat and occurrences of both domestic and international terrorist acts.
1. Drought – Drought is a period of unusually constant dry weather that persists long enough to cause deficiencies in the water supply (surface or underground).
Droughts are slow-onset hazards, but over time, they can severely affect crops, municipal water supplies, recreation resources, and wildlife. If drought conditions extend over several years, the direct and indirect economic impacts can be significant. High temperatures, high winds, and low humidity can worsen drought conditions and make areas more susceptible to wildfires. In addition, human actions and demands for water resources can accelerate drought-related impacts.
2. Climate change – Climate change may well be the preeminent challenge of our time and it is already having a significant and measurable impact on California’s environment. These impacts include decreasing spring snowmelt runoff, rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, increasing wildfires, warming lakes and oceans, and the gradual migration of many plants and animals in higher elevations.
Weather patterns are becoming more variable, causing more severe winter and spring flooding and longer drier droughts. Climate change has already impacted California’s water resources. In the future, warmer temperatures, different patterns of precipitation and runoff, and rising sea levels will profoundly affect the ability to manage water supplies and other natural resources.
3. Pandemic – An influenza pandemic is a global outbreak of a new Influenza A virus. A Novel Influenza A virus is one that has caused human infection but is different from current seasonal human influenza A viruses spreading among people. Novel Influenza A viruses can be viruses that originate in animals that gain the ability to infect humans or human viruses that change significantly to be different from current human seasonal Influenza A viruses. Some Novel Influenza A viruses are believed to pose a greater pandemic threat than others and are more concerning to public health officials because they have caused serious human illness, death, and have been able to spread in a limited manner from person-to-person.
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4. Novel Influenza A viruses are of extra concern because of the potential impact they could have on public health if they gained the ability to spread from personto-person easily, which could potentially trigger a pandemic. There are various subtypes of Avian Influenza A viruses to include H5, H7, H9, H1N1v, H3N2v, and H1N2v, which are currently most concerning to public health officials.
5. The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome. As of January 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had caused more than 668 million deaths and 6.73 million confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history.
6. Terrorism – As defined by the FBI, terrorism is "the unlawful use or threatened use of violence committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.” The tactics of terrorism are diverse. The fear of such attacks within the target population is just as important as the actual attacks, making the threat of violence as effective as actual violence. Terrorist tactics tend to favor attacks that avoid effective countermeasures and exploit vulnerabilities.
As such, terrorists have the potential to utilize many different types of tactics both conventional and unconventional. Some of these tactics include shootings, kidnappings, bombings, suicide attacks, bioterrorism, nuclear terrorism, and cyberterrorism. From 2010 to 2023 there have been roughly 40 confirmed domestic terrorist incidents.
3.4 UNIQUE HAZARDS OF THE COUNTY AND CITY
The City of Corona faces a diverse array of potential natural and human caused hazards. As with most cities in the Inland Empire, one of the primary concerns is the impact of a large earthquake in the region. Flood risks are also a real concern with several creeks, washes, channels, and flood zones contained in the planning area of Corona. In addition, the City is nearly surrounded by hills and mountains with the potential and the history of large wildland fires. The shared boundary between the City and the Cleveland National Forest is about 12 miles in length.
The City’s extensive transportation network which includes state highways, public transit, rail lines, and a municipal airport provide additional associated incident risks that may cause severe injuries and/or deaths. They could also cause burns and/or illness due to exposure to fires and/or potential hazardous materials on board. Two major freeways and one railroad transect Corona.
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The Riverside Freeway (SR-91) runs east/west directly north of the City’s center, Interstate 15 (I-15) runs north/south near the eastern edge of the City, and the railroad parallels the SR-91. These corridors are major transportation routes to the economic center of Orange County from the Inland Empire. The Corona Municipal Airport is home to 300-350 general aviation aircraft and is strictly a recreational airport with no commercial flights.
Although small, the airport is extremely active, with approximately 35,000 annual operations. The City's transportation network of roads, freeways, rail lines and airport has been a priority in the City’s planning and mitigation efforts.
Since the original 2005 version of the LHMP was submitted, the City of Corona has experienced 7 federally declared disasters for wildland fires and floods, and a state disaster declaration for high winds. Additionally, 5 major wildland fires occurred in or around the City of Corona that threatened the community. A list of historical disasters for City is included in table 3.4.1.
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Figure 3.4.1 - Historical List of Disasters for City of Corona 24 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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Figure 3.4.1 - Historical List of Disasters for City of Corona (Continued) 25 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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3.5 MITIGATION PROJECT UPDATES
Since the adoption of the 2017 LHMP, the City of Corona has undertaken several measures and completed several projects to lessen the impact of disasters and prevent the loss of life and property. Some of these mitigation actions are identified in table
3.5.1. 26
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Figure 3.5.1 – Mitigation Projects Completed
Hazard Type Project Description Status
All Incorporated 2012 Approved Local Hazard Mitigation Plan with City of Corona General Plan Complete
Fire, Water Supply
Disruption
Updated Booster Station buildings to current fire standards (Kraft Ranch, Montana Ranch,SDO, Maybe Canyon,Eagle Glen, Harlin Hills)
Complete
Fire Purchased 6 portable booster stations for emergency fire response
Complete
Earthquake
All above ground steel storage reservoirs were evaluated to ensure proper venting in the event of an earthquake.
Modifications were made where needed.
Complete
Earthquake, Electrical
Failure
Installation of emergency generators for 3 groundwater well sites. Complete
Electrical Failure,
Emergent Disease
Contamination
Emergency generators installed at all lift stations, plus a portable sewage lift station for emergency bypass Complete Flood Annual maintenance service on storm drains Complete Flood Construction of Main St storm drain. Alleviate flooding from 11th to 8th St. Complete
Flood Construction of Harris storm drain. Alleviate flooding on 6th St and apartments of 5th St.. Complete
Water Supply/
Contamination
Converted out of service well to a triple-nested monitoring well. Will increase local ground water supply. Complete Water Supply Disruption/
Contamination
Replaced 4,700 feet of 6 and 8 inch waterlines with 12 inch Ductile Iron Waterline pipe Complete
Flood Cota Channel restoration Complete
Terrorism
Became members of the BioWatch Program - BioWatch
provides early detection of biological agents in the air used for a bioterrorism attack
Complete
Terrorism
Corona PD & Fire established a Tactical Response to Violent Incidents Team and adopted the RCFCA Standard Operating Guidelines
Complete
Pandemic Flu
Partnered with Riverside County Public Health with the
development and implementation of the City of Corona
Pandemic Influenza Plan
Complete
HazMat, Transportation
Failure, Fire
2013 complete update to Hazardous Material Area Plan - to assist in the prevention or mitigation of damage from the release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
Complete
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Hazard Type Project Description Status
Water Supply Disruption/
Drought
2015 complete update to the Urban Water Management Plan - conservation and efficient water use Complete
Water Supply Disruption/
Drought
Instituted multiple residential water conservation programs, resulting in a nearly 20% reduction over the declared drought period
Complete
Flood/Water Supply
Contamination
2017 complete update to Sewer System Management Plan -
preventative maintenance, schedule, response plan Complete Transportation Failure 2012 development of Neighborhood Traffic Management Program Complete
Transportation Failure 2014 development of Corona Municipal Airport Emergency Plan Complete
Climate Change/Drought,
Emergent Disease
2012 developed the City of Corona Climate Action Plan - reduce GHG emissions Complete
Fire 2015 implementation of a Suppression Inspection Action Plan - facilitates the completion of hazard reduction inspections Complete HazMat, Fire
Contracted with G & G Environmental to ensure all on-site hazardous material inspections were completed within
required timeframe.
Complete
Communications
Failure/Fire
2015 complete update to the SOLAR - Multi-County Mutual Threat Zone Guide Complete
Communications
Failure/Fire
2015 update to the Corona Fire Radio Guide - Internal and external agency communications Complete
All
Fire Department Annual Master Training Plan - improves the safety and performance of Department's members in order for them to prevent or minimize loss of life, damage to the environment and loss of property.
Complete
All
2015 update to the Corona Fire Department Emergency
Medical Services Quality Improvement Program - delivery of consistent, high quality, compassionate pre-hospital patient care.
Complete
All
Police Department Annual Master Training Plan - improves the safety and performance of Department's members in order for them to prevent or minimize loss of life, damage to the environment and loss of property.
Complete
All 2017 implementation of the new Emergency Medical Dispatch Program - delivery of pre arrival medical direction Complete Figure 3.5.1 – Mitigation Projects Completed (Continued) 28 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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CHAPTER 4.0 – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
4.1 CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
A critical facility can be defined as one that is essential in providing utility or direction either during the response to an emergency or during the recovery operation. An inventory of critical facilities in the City of Corona is included in figures 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
Figure 4.1.1 – Critical Facilities for City of Corona 2023 Critical Facilities Type Number
Public Safety Dispatch 1
Emergency Operations Center 1
City Services 2
Fire Stations 7
Water Reservoirs 15
Water Treatment Plants 3
Wastewater Treatment Plants 3
Hospitals 2
Police Facility 1
Maintenance Yards 1
Senior Care 26
Schools 44
Radio Repeaters 7
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Figure 4.1.2 Critical Facilities Map for City of Corona 30 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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4.2 ESTIMATING POTENTIAL LOSS
The most vulnerable structures in the City are downtown, the Fire Station, City Hall, Cabot’s Pueblo Museum, and other unreinforced structures. These facilities are the weakest in the city. A major earthquake the proximity to the San Andreas Fault would also cause damage to any of these facilities due to their proximity to the San Andreas Fault.
4.3 TABLE OF REPLACEMENT VALUES
Figure 4.3.1 – Assets Table/Replacement Value for City of Corona
4.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES
The County of Riverside identified, evaluated, and ranked 23 natural and humaninduced public safety risks that could have an impact on the health, safety, and social well-being of the community. The ranking was based on severity of damage and probability of occurrence for each risk. The City of Corona then ranked the same 23 hazards and included the top 10 risks in the City’s annex to the Riverside County MJHMP. Below are the top 10 hazards in order of ranking. For a complete list of hazards, their probability and severity see Figure 3.2.1.
Name of Asset Replacement
Value ($)
Occupancy/
Capacity #
Hazard Specific
Info.
City Hall $45,094,961 N/A Unsecured
Perimeter
Fire Stations (7) $25,200,000 N/A Unsecured
Perimeters
Police Department $15,154,127 N/A Proximity to railroad Proximity to large
diameter gas line
Proximity to the
desalinization plant
Flight Path of
Corona Airport
Flood Zone
Emergency Operations Center $15,976,093 N/A Proximity to railroad 31 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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1. Earthquake
The City of Corona is seismically active, as is most of Southern California. Several known active or potentially active faults are in and around Corona.
The Elsinore Fault Zone is the closest major fault system to the City and one of the largest in Southern California. Historically, the Elsinore Fault Zone has also been one of the least active systems. At its northern end, near the City, the Elsinore Fault Zone splays into two segments, the Chino-Central Avenue Fault and the Whittier Fault. Along the southwestern portion of the City, the Elsinore Fault Zone is referred to as the Glen Ivy Fault. For more information on the faults zone around the city, please reference Figure 4.4.1.
Ground surface rupture due to active faulting is considered possible in the western portion of the City where known active or potentially active faults are mapped.
Geological evidence indicates that the Glen Ivy Fault and portions of the Whittier Fault are active and that the Chino-Central Avenue Fault is potentially active.
Historically, the Corona region has generally not been affected by a major, destructive earthquake. However, based on a search of earthquake databases of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center, several major earthquakes (magnitude 6.0 or more) have been recorded within approximately 100 kilometers of the City since 1769.
The City’s General Plan Public Health and Safety Element has identified various implementation programs with respect to fault rupture and other geologic disturbances. These programs specify various requirements including that detailed geologic investigations are to be conducted in conformance with guidelines of the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) for all construction of transportation infrastructure in an Alquist-Priolo Special Study Zone and for construction of essential facilities within 200 feet of an active fault or potentially active fault. They also state that field information is to be developed as part of any California Environment Quality Act (CEQA) investigations and geologic reports by the City and/or County geologists should be kept current and accessible for use in report preparation, geologic reviews, and policy development.
Additionally, the City’s General Plan Public Health and Safety Element has identified various implementation programs to be carried out by the City and/or County affecting seismic safety of critical facilities.
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These programs include detailed site studies for faults are to be conducted as background to the design process for critical facilities under City and county discretionary approval as well as existing critical facilities are to be reviewed for any significant siting, design, or construction problems that would make them vulnerable in the event of an earthquake. The findings shall be incorporated into Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs) as well as addressed in longer-term programs of facilities upgrading or relocation unless satisfactorily demonstrated that a building setback from an active or potentially active fault will not adversely impact public health, safety, and welfare. New facilities deemed essential shall not be located within 200 feet of an active fault or potentially active fault. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
2. Wildland/Urban Fire
The combination of population density, weather, and growing residential and commercial development presents a potential year-round threat of conflagration.
However, late spring through early fall months is commonly referred to as the “fire season.”
The City of Corona is nearly surrounded by hills and mountains with the potential and the history of large wildland fires. To the south, the City sits at the base of the Santa Ana mountain range, and borders against the Cleveland National Forest. The shared boundary between the City and the Forest is about 12 miles in length. The fuels are heavy brush with oaks, sycamore and pines on the slopes and drainages.
Residential structures are immediately adjacent to this forest area throughout the entire boundary. Some are newer constructions with good clearances, and some are much older with less clearance.
The western portion of the City sits at the base of Prado Dam which is the headwater for the Santa Ana River Canyon. The Santa Ana Canyon’s steep topography and East-West alignment serve as a wind funnel. The geography increases the wind’s speed and magnifies the effects of fire on the available fuel bed, contributing to the rapid rate of fire spread. The northern side of this canyon comprises primarily light flashy fuels due to frequent burning and fuel typeconversion, and the southern side comprises primarily of heavy brush. There is a significant fire history in this canyon area. The 91 Freeway parallels the Santa Ana River throughout the canyon. There are areas of development where structures sit adjacent to wildland areas throughout the western areas of the City. 33 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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The northwest area of the City sits in the Prado Basin behind the Prado Dam and there are several developments that adjoin some heavy fuels.
The northeast area sits in the Corona Hills, and developments are built up to and on top of the hills. These hills comprise primarily of light flashy fuels due to frequent burning and type-conversion.
The eastern edge of the City is bordered by hills and Eagle Valley. This area has not been developed and is comprised of light flashy fuels due to frequent burning and type-conversion. Fires occur frequently, but there is very little structural threat.
In addition to interface areas within the City Limits, many of these areas also have significant residential development in unincorporated areas that are immediately adjacent to the City.
Over the years, there have been several significant fires, many of sizeable acreage, within the City or areas just outside its borders. Many of these fires have resulted in destroyed and damaged structures. There have been six state declarations for wildfire in Riverside County since the last LHMP update in 2017, and 34 federal declarations for Riverside County for wildfires, since 1990.
Weather
Weather patterns combined with certain geographic locations can create a favorable climate for wildfire activity. Areas where annual precipitation is less than 30 inches per year are extremely fire susceptible. High risk areas in Southern California share a hot, dry season in late summer and early fall when high temperatures and low humidity favor fire activity. The frequent occurrence of 40-50 mile per hour Santa Ana or foehn winds, coupled with temperatures more than 90 degrees, relative humidity of 20 percent or less and dense and extremely dry ground cover in inaccessible mountain or canyon areas causes the kinds of wildland fires Southern California experiences every year.
Topography
Topography has considerable effect on wildland fire behavior and on the ability of firefighters and their equipment to take action to suppress those fires.
Simply because of topography, a fire starting in the bottom of a canyon may expand quickly to the ridge top before initial attack forces can arrive. Rough topography greatly limits road construction, road standards, and accessibility by ground equipment.
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Steep topography also channels airflow, creating extremely erratic winds on leeward slopes and in canyons. Water supply for fire protection to structures at higher elevations is frequently dependent on pumping units. The source of power for such units is usually from overhead distribution lines, which are subject to destruction by wildland fires.
Vegetation
A key to effective fire control and the successful accommodation of fire in wildland management is the understanding of fire and its environment. Fire environment is the complex of fuel, topographic, and air mass factors that influence the inception, growth, and behavior of a fire. The topography and weather components are, for all practical purposes, beyond man’s control, but it is a different story with fuels, which can be controlled before the outbreak of fires. In terms of future urban expansion, finding new ways to control and understand these fuels can lead to possible fire reduction.
Of these different vegetation types, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and grasslands reach some degree of flammability during the dry summer months and, under certain conditions, during the winter months.
For example, as chaparral gets older, twigs and branches within the plants die and are held in place. A stand of brush 10- to 20- years of age usually has enough dead material to produce rates of spread about the same as in grass fires when the fuels have dried out. In severe drought years, additional plant material may die, contributing to the fuel load.
Wildfire Characteristics
There are three categories of interface fire: The classic wildland/urban interface exists where well-defined urban and suburban development presses up against open expanses of wildland areas; the mixed wildland/urban interface is characterized by isolated homes, subdivisions and small communities situated predominantly in wildland settings; and the occluded wildland/urban interface exists where islands of wildland vegetation occur inside a largely urbanized area. Certain conditions must be present for significant interface fires to occur. The most common conditions include hot, dry and windy weather; the inability of fire protection forces to contain or suppress the fire; the occurrence of multiple fires that overwhelm committed resources; and a large fuel load (dense vegetation). Once a fire has started, several conditions influence its behavior, including fuel, topography, weather, drought and development. Southern California has two distinct areas of risk for wildland fire: the foothills and lower mountain areas which are most often 35 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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covered with scrub brush or chaparral and the higher elevations of mountains with heavily forested terrain.
Wildfire Hazard Areas
The State of California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) is required by law to periodically map areas of significant fire hazards based on history, fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors that influence fire potential and behavior. The fire hazard areas are delineated into zones known as Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) that influence the construction of buildings and property protection to reduce the risks associated with wildland fires. In addition to areas of state responsibility, the map also displays areas where local governments have financial responsibility for wildland fire protection depicting moderate, high and very high delineations.
The Corona Fire Department collaborated with CAL FIRE in the development of our local Fire Hazard Severity Zone map. The Fire Chief approved the map on May 1, 2010, and it was adopted by the Corona City Council on May 19, 2010. See Figure 4.2.2 – Fire Hazard Zones.
The Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map will be used for:
• Implementing wildland-urban interface building standards for new construction using the 2007 California Building Code, Section 7A (Wildland-Urban Interface).
• Natural hazard real estate disclosure at the time of sale. • One-hundred-foot defensible space clearance requirements around buildings.
• Property development standards such as road widths, water supply and signage.
• Reference for City and County General Plans.
3. Electrical Failure
Corona's electric utility was established on April 4, 2001, by City Council Resolution No. 2001-25 in response to state-wide rolling blackouts and electric price instability. The electric utility provides fully bundled electric service to City owned and operated facilities and eight areas within the City. It also provides energy delivery services to municipal and commercial customers within the City.
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Corona's electric utility was established on April 4, 2001, by City Council Resolution No. 2001-25 in response to state-wide rolling blackouts and electric price instability. The electric utility provides fully bundled electric service to City owned and operated facilities and eight areas within the City. It also provides energy delivery services to municipal and commercial customers within the City.
The current lack of back-up electricity at the City’s well sites leaves the City and its residents vulnerable to water service interruptions in the event of an electrical power failure. The Corona Department of Water and Power is responsible for the provision of water to more than 40,000 service connections. Currently, approximately half of the City's water is imported (via the Metropolitan Water District) and the other half is produced via local groundwater wells. Most (add %) of the City's groundwater wells do not have back-up generator power. This critical water source has great potential to be compromised by a power failure. A lack of pumping capability could interrupt water supply and delivery to thousands of residents. A power failure could deeply affect water supplies to residents, hospitals, and other essential facilities.
The loss of potable water is one of the most devastating effects from a natural disaster and can have long-term and lethal impacts. The lack of drinking water quickly leads to water-borne illness and dehydration and these conditions disproportionately affect the elderly, young and infirm.
The City’s above ground power lines are susceptible to the high winds that pass through the City. The potential for arcing lines causing sparks to drop onto buildings or brush is a hazard that the utility department continues to address, however there have been few major fires caused by this type of event. In addition to the overhead lines, there is a potential for events relating to underground vaults and power lines. These vaults and lines are susceptible to flooding during heavy rains as well as being broken by contractors digging in the streets and on property where underground utilities are used. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
4. Terrorist Event
Terrorism, as defined by the FBI, is "the unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or social objectives. 37 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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The tactics of terrorism are diverse. As important as the actual attacks is the cultivation in the target population of the fear of such attacks, so that the threat of violence becomes as effective as actual violence. Terrorist tactics tend to favor attacks that avoid effective countermeasures and exploit vulnerabilities.
As such, terrorists have the potential to utilize many different types of tactics both conventional and unconventional. Some of these tactics include shootings, kidnappings, bombings, suicide attacks, bioterrorism, agroterrorism, nuclear terrorism, and cyberterrorism. From 2010 to 2022 there have been roughly 40 confirmed domestic terrorist incidents (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
5. Water Supply Disruption/Contamination
The Corona Department of Water and Power is responsible for the provision of water, serving approximately 150,000 customers. Currently, approximately half of the City's water is imported (via the Metropolitan Water District) and the other half is produced via local groundwater wells. Most of the City's groundwater wells do not have back-up generator power. This critical water source has great potential to be compromised by a power failure. A lack of pumping capability could interrupt water supply and delivery to thousands of residents. A power failure could deeply affect water supplies to residents, hospitals, and other essential facilities. The loss of potable water is one of the most devastating effects from a natural disaster and can have long-term and lethal impacts.
The lack of drinking water quickly leads to water-borne illness and dehydration and these conditions disproportionately affect the elderly, young and infirm.
In addition, water reservoir failure could critically impair the City's fire fighting capabilities. The Corona Fire Department currently uses potable water for fighting fires.
Plans are in place for the recycled water to be utilized as new infrastructure is constructed and more water is treated for recycled use. However, city-wide availability of recycled water for firefighting is several years away.
On June 4, 2008, the Governor of the State of California proclaimed a condition of statewide drought and strongly encouraged local agencies to take aggressive, immediate action to reduce water consumption and prepare for potentially worsening conditions. Once again, conditions worsened and on January 17, 2014, California State Governor, Jerry Brown, declared a drought state of emergency. On April 17, 2017, Brown issued Executive Order B-40-17, officially ending the drought state of emergency in all California counties except Fresno, Kings, Tulare, and Tuolumne. 38 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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During these times the City of Corona adopted, implemented, and enforced water conservation programs to reduce the quantity of water used by consumers within the City to ensure that there was sufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. The City was diligent in conserving water, resulting in a nearly 20% reduction in Corona over the declared drought period.
The City is authorized to declare a water shortage emergency to prevail within its jurisdiction when it finds and determines that the City will not be able to or cannot satisfy the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers without depleting the water supply of the City to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.
6. Flood
Several creeks, washes, channels, and flood zones are contained in the Planning area of Corona. Areas of the City adjacent to the Santa Ana River, Temescal Creek and Mabey Canyon Wash are designated as Flood Zone A, which indicates the area is inundated by one percent annual chance flooding. Portions of the Planning Area surrounding the Temescal Wash, Main Street Wash, and the Arlington Channel have been designated as Flood Zone X500, which is inundated by 0.2 percent annual chance flooding. Other portions of the Planning Area are either designated as Flood Zone D, which is an area with undetermined possible flood hazards, or Flood Zone X, which lies outside the one percent and 0.2 percent annual chance flood plains. See Figure 4.7.2 – Flood Zones.
Several creeks, washes, channels, and flood zones are contained in the Planning area of Corona. Areas of the City adjacent to the Santa Ana River, Temescal Creek and Mabey Canyon Wash are designated as Flood Zone A, which indicates the area is inundated by one percent annual chance flooding.
Portions of the Planning Area surrounding the Temescal Wash, Main Street Wash, and the Arlington Channel have been designated as Flood Zone X500, which is inundated by 0.2 percent annual chance flooding. Other portions of the Planning Area are either designated as Flood Zone D, which is an area with undetermined possible flood hazards, or Flood Zone X, which lies outside the one percent and 0.2 percent annual chance flood plains. See Figure 4.7.2 – Flood Zones.
Temescal Wash has the highest flooding potential in the Corona Planning Area. Due to the size of the Temescal Watershed and the amount of rainfall received, several peak discharges have been recorded.
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Based on the stream gauge analysis data obtained from Flood Insurance Study dated September 30, 1992, the peak discharges for the 500-year, 100-year, and 10-year are 110,000 cfs (cubic feet per second), 25,000 cfs, 11,000 cfs, and 2,000cfs, respectively, for the 164-square mile watershed. These discharges are obtained from the Flood Insurance Study Report for Stream Gauge No. 11-720 near Corona above the 3M plant location.
The peak discharges are determined from the stream gauge data analysis, which is based on clear flow and existing conditions.
The Planning Area has experienced major flooding during periods of heavy runoff. The 1969 flooding in Temescal Wash caused extensive damage, which was determined to be higher than 100-year storm levels. Major flooding in the Planning Area could occur along the Temescal Wash and in west Corona, and storm sheet flows would produce a variety of damage depending upon the location. This sheet flow would be the result of overflows from the Oak Street Channel, Lincoln Avenue drain, Main Street Channel, Buena Vista drain, and Taylor Avenue drain. Other significant flooding areas are found along the open channel facilities near the City Yard. These facilities are determined to be inadequate for the 2-year storm event.
Several flood control projects including the Main Street Channel and Arlington Channel have been built in the Planning Area to help lessen the severity of heavy flooding.
The City of Corona participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), as administered through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Consequently, property owners can purchase Federal Flood Insurance.
In turn, the City of Corona has identified flood hazard areas and protective controls, including land use planning measures to reduce the potential risk of flood damage to property and loss of human life. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
7. Emergent Disease/Contamination
Infectious diseases have for centuries ranked wars and famine as major challenges to human progress and survival. They remain among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Against a constant background of established infections, epidemics of new and old infectious diseases periodically emerge, greatly magnifying the global burden of infections. Studies of these emerging infections reveal the evolutionary properties of pathogenic microorganisms and the dynamic relationships between microorganisms, their hosts and the environment.
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Climate change may well be the pre-eminent challenge of our time and it is already having a significant and measurable impact on California’s environment.
Climatic factors influence the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases, in addition to multiple human, biological, and ecological determinants.
Climatologists have identified upward trends in global temperatures and now estimate an unprecedented rise of 2.0°C by the year 2100. Of major concern is that these changes can affect the introduction and dissemination of many serious infectious diseases.
The incidence of mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, and viral encephalitis, are among those diseases most sensitive to climate. Climate change would directly affect disease transmission by shifting the vector's geographic range and increasing reproductive and biting rates and by shortening the pathogen incubation period. Climate-related increases in sea surface temperature and sea level can lead to higher incidence of water-borne infectious and toxin-related illnesses, such as cholera and shellfish poisoning. Human migration and damage to health infrastructures from the projected increase in climate variability could indirectly contribute to disease transmission. Human susceptibility to infections might be further compounded by malnutrition due to climate stress on agriculture and potential alterations in the human immune system caused by increased flux of ultraviolet radiation.
8. Transportation Failure
The City of Corona’s extensive transportation network which includes state highways, public transit, rail lines, and municipal airport provide additional associated incident risks that may cause severe injuries and/or deaths. Two major freeways and one railroad transect Corona. The Riverside Freeway (SR-91) runs east/west directly north of the City’s center, Interstate 15 (I-15) runs north/south near the eastern edge of the City.
Along with the potential for death and injuries from large-scale motor vehicle accidents, there is the potential for hazardous material spills or fires as numerous commercial transportation vehicles travel the highways and freeways with various types and quantities of hazardous materials.
The BNSF Railroad parallels SR-91, it is a strictly commercial freight transportation system. Large quantities and numerous types of hazardous materials are transported through Corona by rail daily.
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These corridors are major transportation routes to the economic center of Orange County from the Inland Empire. The primary hazard with rail service has not been any train vs. train or track derailments. There continues to be a large number of train v. vehicle or train v. pedestrian accidents in the City.
These accidents have caused both traffic and rail service delays. The danger with these types of accidents is that they can create train derailments or accidents when the train impacts with a vehicle or when the train engineer attempts to stop the train quickly.
The Corona Municipal Airport is home to 350-400 general aviation aircraft and is strictly a recreational airport with no commercial flights. Although small, the airport is extremely active, with approximately 50,000 annual operations. The City's transportation network of roads, freeways, rail lines and airport has been a priority in the city’s planning and mitigation efforts.
A Traffic Safety Plan has been implemented for the management of traffic events that occur in the City. Public Works, Police, and Fire have identified routes through the city to mitigate traffic issues that might occur. Command Posts, staging areas and other aspects of Incident Command have been addressed in the Traffic Safety Plan.
9. Communication Failure
One of the most immediate and significant impacts of disasters is the sudden and widescale breakdown or interruption of communications infrastructure.
When public communication networks fail, the impact can be widely felt and can wipe out access to standard mobile or landline telecommunications, in addition to Internet, fiber-optic cables, and even satellite-based emergency communication devices.
Whether these systems are completely or just partially knocked offline, communications systems during a disaster can be the difference between life and death for those affected. Locating those who may be trapped or injured becomes nearly impossible for emergency responders, and rescue efforts are further complicated by the inability to coordinate via standard methods of communication.
In addition to disruptions caused by physical damage you will more than likely encounter network congestion. When disaster strikes, the “pipes” that make up our communications networks often become congested with exceptionally high levels of data traffic, as those impacted seek to contact family and friends, emergency personnel work to coordinate relief efforts, and hundreds more upload pictures and videos of the damage.
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Aggregation hubs are often the failure point for congested networks. This occurs when data from several smaller sources flows into a central processing point and creates bottlenecks. When this happens, communication can be severely limited or cut off completely.
Consequences from these communication infrastructure failures can greatly affect emergency response and lead to the spread of false information and confusion.
10. Pandemic Flu
An influenza pandemic is a global outbreak of a new influenza A virus. A novel influenza A virus is one that has caused human infection but is different from current seasonal human influenza A viruses spreading among people. Novel influenza A viruses can be viruses that originate in animals that gain the ability to infect humans or human viruses that change significantly to be different from current human seasonal influenza A viruses. Some novel flu A viruses are believed to pose a greater pandemic threat than others and are more concerning to public health officials because they have caused serious human illness and death and have been able to spread in a limited manner from person-to-person. Novel influenza A viruses are of extra concern because of the potential impact they could have on public health if they gained the ability to spread from person-to-person easily, triggering a pandemic.
Three subtypes of avian influenza A viruses H5, H7 and H9, along with variant viruses H1N1v, H3N2v and H1N2v are currently most concerning to public health officials. In September 2009, the H1N1 influenza received worldwide attention as a threat to public health. Cases of death related to the H1N1 flu surfaced first in Riverside County, as the illness spread throughout the State as well as the Nation. The City was not exempt and had cases emerge at local schools. Conference calls with the County Health Officer, local government and school officials, and emergency managers helped the City to prepare for the threat of a pandemic emergency. Subsequently, the City of Corona took measures to mitigate and adopted a Plan for Pandemic emergencies. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
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Figure 4.4.1 – Earthquake Fault Zones for City of Corona 44 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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.
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Figure 4.4.2 – Flood Zones for City of Corona
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Figure 4.4.3 – Fire Hazard Zones for City of Corona
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SECTION 5.0 – COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM
5.1 REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES
The National Flood Insurance Program's (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements.
As a result, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community actions meeting the three goals of the CRS:
1. Reduce flood losses.
2. Facilitate accurate insurance rating; and
3. Promote the awareness of flood insurance.
5.2 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROPERTIES
The City of Corona has participated in the National Flood Insurance Program since 1978.
a. Describe participation in NFIP, including any changes since previously approved plan. Corona’s recent activity related to NFIP includes updated Riverside County Flood Insurance Study and digitized Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) on August 28, 2008. City of Corona Floodplain Management Ordinance updated on December 3, 2008.
b. Date first joined NFIP - May 15, 1978
c. Identify actions related to continued compliance with NFIP – Corona Floodplain Management Ordinance was updated in 2008 to meet the minimum NFIP requirements pursuant to Title 44 Code of Federal Regulations Sections 59,
60.3-60.6, and 65.3 and the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Model Ordinance. The Public Works Department reviews development permit applications and plans to ensure they are following our Ordinances and requires map revisions as necessary and maintains records such as elevation certificates, Letters of Map Changes, and Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) for public availability. The Community Services and Public Works Department investigate violations and issue enforcement orders to bring developments in compliance with City Ordinances.
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d. CRS member – No
e. CRS class – n/a
f. Describe any data used to regulate flood hazard area other than FEMA mapsRiverside County Flood Insurance Study issued August 28, 2008; Drainage studies used to support CLOMR and LOMR issuance.
g. Have there been issues with community participation in the program? No h. What are the general hurdles for effective implementation of the NFIP? Funding for updating outdated drainage studies and for performing new studies in previously unstudied flood hazard areas.
i. Summarize actions related to continued compliance with NFIP –See item Above.
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SECTION 6.0 - CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
The City’s ability to reduce hazards by improving upon existing mitigation strategies or implementing newly identified mitigation strategies, include it’s legal and regulatory authorities, administrative, technical, and fiscal capabilities, and imperative to the success of all these strategies, are its continuous outreach, education, and partnership building capabilities.
6.1 REGULATORY MITIGATION CAPABILITIES
The City formally adopts, reviews, and updates regulatory policies and plans, along with implementing regulations such as zoning and subdivision ordinances. The City partners and coordinates with Riverside County Operational Area to ensure we are apprised of all regional efforts, and adhere to State and Federal mandates.
The hazard mitigation plan update process provides the City with an opportunity to review, evaluate, and expand on existing policies, plans, and city programs. Figure 6.1.1. is an example of regulatory capabilities that assist the City in mitigation strategies.
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Figure 6.1.1 Regulatory Mitigation Capabilities for City of Corona 53 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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6.2 ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES The figure below shows City personnel responsible for activities related to hazard mitigation. Expertise is used in hazard mitigation identification, planning and strategies, and where information is shared across various City plans.
Figure 6.2.1 Administrative and Technical Mitigation Capabilities for Corona 54 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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6.3 FISCAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES
The figure below identifies financial tools and resources the City could potentially use to help fund mitigation activities. City continually identifies potential Federal and State grant opportunities to supplement mitigation financial capabilities. See Section 6.5 Funding Opportunities.
Figure 6.3.1 - Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities for City of Corona Financial Resources
Accessible/Eligible
to Use (Yes/No) Comments
Community Development Block
Grants
Yes Depending on budget &
grantor approval
Capital improvements project
funding
Yes Depending on available
budget
Authority to levy taxes for
specific purposes
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Fees for water, sewer, gas, or
electric services
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Impact fees for new
development
Yes With city council
approval
Incur debt through general
obligation bonds
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Incur debt through special tax
bonds
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Incur debt through private
activities
No With voter/city council
approval
Withhold spending in hazard
prone areas
n/a With voter/city council
approval
6.4 MITIGATION OUTREACH AND PARTNERSHIPS
The City of Corona has an active emergency preparedness, education, and outreach program. Mitigation strategies are taught throughout the year at various community events, fairs, schools, businesses, and other functions. The greatest outreach efforts are being conducted through our CERT Program.
We coordinate with local profit, non-profit, volunteer, and special district entities, such as the school district, the hospital, and the American Red Cross in addition to our Operational Area partners and their volunteer organizations, to plan for and participant in all hazards joint training and exercises. The vast array of knowledge and resources these entities bring to the table greatly improves our emergency management capabilities.
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An example of these coordinated planning and training efforts is our city’s participation in the regional mass care and shelter planning as we incorporate planning for access and functional needs individuals. In addition, the city has designated cooling and warming centers to utilize during severe weather emergencies, when the establishment of a shelter is not necessary.
One of the most successful systems used to improve upon and augment our City’s capabilities and resources is our participation and partnership in the various mutual aid systems. Our Police and Fire Departments participate in mutual aid agreements in the event the City’s forces are stretched beyond their capabilities. California Emergency Management Agency coordinates the Emergency Management Assistance Act for the response of emergency management resources to assist in the management of emergencies and disasters. Our Corona Department of Water and Power participates in Cal WARN and the local ERNIE water resource mutual aid organizations. The City manages emergencies under the National Incident Management System (NIMS) which utilizes the Master Mutual Aid concept.
6.5 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
In addition to the fiscal capabilities identified in figure 6.3.1 – Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities for City of Corona, some of the greatest funding opportunities come in the form of State and Federal grants, such as the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program.
The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) is authorized by Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended (the Stafford Act), Title 42, United States Code (U.S.C.) 5170c. The key purpose of HMGP is to ensure that the opportunities to take critical mitigation measures to reduce the risk of loss of life and property from future disasters are not lost during the reconstruction process following a disaster. HMGP is available, when authorized under a Presidential major disaster declaration, in the areas of the State requested by the Governor. The amount of HMGP funding available to the Applicant is based upon the total Federal assistance to be provided by FEMA for disaster recovery under the Presidential major disaster declaration.
The City of Corona applies for various grants to augment our mitigation financial capabilities. Examples of successful grants awarded to the City to assist in our mitigation efforts are as follows.
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1. The city applied for and received a grant award from the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Flood Emergency Response Projects – Statewide Grant Round Two. The grant provided funding for the city to prepare the Flood Emergency Response Plan, develop, and conduct a tabletop and functional training exercise to test the plan and prepare the city and other participating agencies for flood response (a flood in the city can be caused by both a storm event and dam failure). The plan development is underway and will be completed in December 2018.
2. The city applied for and was awarded Hazard Mitigation Grant Program #4653-307-01R funding for a hydro-seeding project in the burn scar of the 2017 Canyon Fire. The approved activity is to hydro-seed 200,000 square feet of fire damaged area behind a residential area bordering 48 homes and infrastructure using an endemic mixture of California Native Species. The reestablishment of ground cover will assist in the prevention of or lessening the effects of erosion, flash flooding and debris flow. This project was completed by October 2018
SECTION 7.0 - MITIGATION STRATEGIES
7.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The City of Corona coordinated through the Riverside County Emergency Management Department and other multiple cities and agencies throughout Riverside County in the creation/update of the LHMP. The cooperation and discussions both in regional meetings, community outreach, and internal meetings allowed a global perspective and local jurisdictional perspective to identify additional exposures and hazards within Corona.
Goal 1: Reduce loss of life and injuries.
Objective 1.1: Provide timely notification and direction to the public in preparation for and response to imminent and potential hazards.
Objective 1.2: Protect public health and safety through mitigation, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the effects of natural, technological, or man-made disasters.
Objective 1.3: Reduce hazard impacts and protect life, property, and the environment from damage.
Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
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Objective 2.1: Encourage new development to occur in locations that avoid or minimize exposure to hazards.
Objective 2.2: Reduce hazard related property losses by enforcing strong building, fire, and municipal codes.
Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Objective 2.5: Continue to strengthen land use regulations in high hazard areas.
Goal 3: Protect the environment
Objective 3.1: Mitigate the impact of recurring drought conditions that impact both ground water supply and the agricultural industry.
Objective 3.2: Protect the environment from hazardous material releases or exposures.
Objective 3.3: Protect the environment from sewage, wastewater, and storm water pollution or contamination.
Goal 4: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.1: Coordinate with County EMD, Cal OES, and FEMA to ensure SEMS/NIMS compliancy and to ensure any updates or changes are instituted.
Objective 4.2: Improve City’s ability for continuity of operations for all hazard incidents.
Objective 4.3: Incorporate mitigation related activities into other disaster planning mechanisms, such as the General Plan and Capital Improvement Plan.
Objective 4.4: Participate in Operational Area meetings, committees, and exercises.
Goal 5: Improve Community and Agency Awareness
Objective 5.1: Improve mitigation and hazard related outreach to the public, businesses, and other stakeholders to increase their
understanding of the various types, locations and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities, and actions they can take to reduce those hazard impacts.
Objective 5.2: Improve, standardize, and expand the emergency preparedness education and outreach program.
7.2 MITIGATION ACTIONS
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The City of Corona identified the following mitigation actions to be taken based on the Goals and Objectives established, pertinent to the hazard ranking assessment.
These actions are in addition to the on-going mitigation strategies identified in Section
7.3 and the projects to be completed in the comprehensive Five-Year Capital Improvement Program (CIP), which provides for the maintenance and improvement of the City’s infrastructure.
The following mitigation projects have been identified by the responsible city department, scheduled and a funding mechanism has been allocated. 1) Goal 4: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.2: Improve City’s ability for continuity of operations for all hazard incidents.
Action: Enhance communication interoperability by purchasing Harris Unity Radios; these radios will operate on the Public Safety Enterprise Communications
10. Responsible Dept: Police Department
Mitigated Hazard: Communications Failure
Status: In progress
Funding: FY 17 State Homeland Security Program
2) Goal 1: Reduce loss of life and injury.
Objective 1.1: A Provide timely notification and direction to the public in preparation for and response to imminent and potential hazards.
Action: Replace/upgrade current Computer Aided Dispatch system which has been in place for over 30 years.
Responsible Dept: Police Department
Mitigated Hazard: All
Status: In progress will be completed in January 2023.
Funding: City General Fund
3) Goal 3: Protect the environment.
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Objective 3.2: Protect the environment from hazardous material releases or exposures.
Action: The 2021 Hazardous Materials Area Plan was updated in coordination with Riverside County Environmental Health to assist in the prevention or mitigation of damage from the release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department
Mitigated Hazard: HazMat, Fire
Status: Updates to the plan have been completed and it is with the State for review. The approved plan will be taken to the Council for formal adoption in October 2018.
Funding: City General Fund
4) Goal 1: Reduce loss of life and injuries.
Objective 1.3: Reduce hazard impacts and protect life, property, and the environment from damage.
Action: Conduct Active Shooter exercises Citywide. Enter scene under force protection to provide care to victims that otherwise would have died from preventable death injuries.
Responsible Dept: Police and Fire Department
Mitigated Hazard: Terrorism
Status: Quarterly exercises beginning May 2023 into 2024/2025 Funding: City General Fund
5) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.
Action: Department of Water and Power in conjunction with Emergency Management Division will facilitate the creation of a flood plan for the City of Corona
Responsible Dept: Department of Water and Power and Fire Department Mitigated Hazard: Flood
Status: Plan completed in December 2018
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Funding: California Dept. of Water Resources – Flood Emergency Response Projects – Statewide Grant
6) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.
Action: Design and construction of Corona MDP Line 52 to alleviate flooding on Grand Avenue and Joy Street
Responsible Dept: Department of Water and Power
Mitigated Hazard: Flood
Status: Completed in November 2018
Funding: City General Fund – Capital Improvement Project 7) Goal 3: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.2: Reduce hazard related property losses by enforcing strong building, fire, and municipal codes.
Action: Ensure new development in the fire hazard severity zones follows Chapter 49 of the Fire Code and all other applicable codes. A separate fuel modification plan to be submitted for review and approval by the Fire Department Responsible Dept: Fire Department/Prevention
Mitigated Hazard: Fire
Status: Ongoing and continuous
Funding: Permit and inspection fees
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8) Goal 4: Improve Community and Agency Awareness
Objective 5.1: Improve mitigation and hazard related outreach to the public, faithbased organizations, businesses, and other stakeholders to increase their understanding of the various types, locations and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities, and actions they can take to reduce those hazard impacts.
Action: Provide Community Emergency Response Team training to the community. Offer this training twice a year to the community.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department/Emergency Management Division Mitigated Hazard: All
Status: Two classes a year. One in English, and one in Spanish.
Funding: State Homeland Security Program grant funding. 9) Goal 5: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.3: Incorporate mitigation related activities into other disaster planning mechanisms, such as the General Plan and Capital Improvement Plan.
Action: Coordination with Caltrans, Riverside County Transportation Commission with the Corona Freeway Improvement Projects. These projects hope to reduce traffic, increase capacity and mobility.
- Interstate 15 corridor improvement project
- State Route 91 corridor improvement project
- State Route 91/SR-71 interchange improvement project
Responsible Dept: Public Works
Mitigated Hazard: Transportation Failure
Status: All projects completed by 2020
Funding: Caltrans District 8
10) Goal 6: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.2: Improve City’s ability for continuity of operations for all hazard incidents.
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Action: Develop a multi-year EOC training and exercise plan, enhancing the city's ability to respond and recover from all hazard incidents, lessening the negative impacts to our residents.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department/Emergency Management Department Mitigated Hazard: All
Status: EOC Training began in March of 2023, with regular exercises.
Funding: City General Fund
7.3 ON-GOING MITIGATION STRATEGY PROGRAMS
The City of Corona has implemented and or updated several policies, procedures, programs and plans to lessen the impact of disasters and prevent the loss of life and property. Some of these on-going mitigation efforts are identified in the table below. 63 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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Figure 7.3.1 On-Going Mitigation Strategy Programs
Hazard Type Mitigation Action Mitigation Strategy
All 2017 LHMP Update and
annual review
Update 2012 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan to identify projects to lesson the impact of disasters and prevent the loss of life and property. Review to ensure priorities are not changed.
Contamination, Pollution,
Flood
Storm Water and Urban
Runoff Pollution
Prevention Program
Prevents pollution of local waterways, regulates what can be discharged into storm drains.
Terrorism BioWatch Program
Participant
BioWatch provides early detection of biological agents in the air used for a bioterrorism attack.
Transportation Failure,
Terrorism
Traffic Management
Center
Single location to monitor throughout the City over 70 traffic signals, 15 monitoring cameras and a video and data link between CalTrans District 8 TMC in San Bernardino.
Transportation Failure Advanced Traffic
Management System
Ability to make adjustments to timing of traffic signal systems on local streets and bottom of freeway ramps to assist in moderating congestion.
Terrorism
Train and Exercise PD &
Fire Tactical Response
Team
Enter scene under force protection to provide care to victims that otherwise would have died from preventable death
injuries.
HazMat, Transportation
Failure, Fire
Hazardous Material Area
Plan
Hazardous Material Area Plan, assists in the prevention or mitigation of damage from the release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
Pandemic Flu Pandemic Influenza Plan
City of Corona Pandemic Influenza Plan facilitates
coordination with County Public Health for an organized and quick response to a pandemic effecting the City, lessening the Fire, Transportation
Failure, Terrorism Emergency Airport Plan
Corona Municipal Airport Emergency Plan, provides agency coordination, communication procedures and lines of
authority.
Flood/Water Supply
Contamination
Sewer System
Management Plan
Sewer System Management Plan, outlines preventative
maintenance, schedule of maintenance and response plan.
Water Supply Disruption/
Drought
Urban Water Management
Plan
Urban Water Management Plan - conservation and efficient water use
Climate Change/Drought,
Emergent Disease
Climate Action Plan Climate Action Plan - identifies and implements actions to reduce GHG emissions.
Fire Suppression Inspection
Action Plan
Suppression Inspection Action Plan - facilitates the
completion of hazard reduction inspections.
HazMat, Fire
G&G Environmental
Contract
Conduct on-site inspections for businesses housing hazardous materials to ensure compliance of State, County and local policies and procedures.
Communications
Failure/Fire
SOLAR/Multi - County
Mutual Threat Zone Guide
Continued participation with the SOLAR group in contingency planning for communications, resources and response to
mutual threat areas.
All Fire & PD Annual Master
Training Plan
Improves the safety and performance of Department's
members in order for them to prevent or minimize loss of life, damage to the environment and loss of property.
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7.4 FUTURE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Below are identified mitigation strategies. A funding source has either not yet been identified for these projects or the project is only partially funded. The City of Corona is continuously looking for funding opportunities to augment its financial mitigation capabilities.
For example, the city has submitted Notice of Intents in the hopes of being successful recipients of Hazard Mitigation Grant funds, because of FEMA-4305-DR. If we are not successful in our efforts, we will continue to pursue available funding opportunities and will utilize, when available, financial resources identified in 6.3 Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities. If funding can be secured, we will move forward with the following projects.
The City will continue to foster and develop Review Cooperative Agreements with the Cities of Norco, Riverside, and Eastvale in connection with hazard mitigation projects, outreach, and preparedness.
1) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Action: Purchase and install back-up generators at City’s groundwater wells and blend station
Responsible Dept: Department of Water and Power
Mitigated Hazard: Electrical Failure, Water Supply Disruption, Earthquake Status: Not started
Funding: Submitted Notice of Intent for Hazard Mitigation Grant Funds 2) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
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Action: Ensure the city’s oldest fire stations with ages ranging from 30 to 50 years of service can withstand a significant seismic event. Station 2 will be replaced by the end of 2025 by the American Rescue Plan federal grant.
A comprehensive fire facility assessment will be completed by the fall of 2024 for overall capital improvement for the other 6 stations. Seven fire stations currently exist.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department
Mitigated Hazard: Earthquake
Status: In Progress
Funding: Federal Grant Funds
3) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Action: Conduct maintenance identified in the Caltrans bridge inspection reports.
The passing of SB 1 will provide the City funding for repairs to roads and bridges.
Allocation of funds and priorities of projects have not yet been determined.
Responsible Dept: Public Works
Mitigated Hazard: Transportation Failure, Earthquake
Status: TBD
Funding: Senate Bill 1 funds not yet allocated
4) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Action: Conduct inspections of older water treatment facilities to ensure the ability to handle a seismic event and address any deficiencies.
SECTION 8.0 – PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCESS Implementation and maintenance of this 2023 LHMP is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This is the 4th step in the planning process. This chapter provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan implementation and maintenance, 66 LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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and outlines the method and schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the LHMP.
We will review the LHMP and assess:
• The goals and objectives and address current and expected conditions. • If the nature, magnitude, and/or type of risks have changed. • Current resources for implementing the plan and exploring new resources. • Implementation problems, such as technical, political, legal, or coordination issues with other agencies.
• The outcomes to ensure they are in line with the expected outcome, if not we will modify plan.
• Changes in Federal, State, or local ordinances, laws and regulations • Involve the public by posting notices on websites and announcements during public meetings intent to review and update LHMP allowing for public comment and input.
If we discover changes that have occurred during the evaluation, we will update the LHMP Revision Page, and notify Riverside County EMD to update our Annex.
The Fire Department Emergency Services Division will coordinate the monitoring, evaluation, and update of the LHMP.
The City has incorporated the LHMP by adoption into the Safety Element of the City’s General Plan.
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SECTION 9.0 – INCORPORATION INTO EXISTING PLANNING
MECHANISMS
The City has incorporated the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan by adoption into the Safety Element of the City’s General Plan. The Safety Element includes discussion of fire, earthquake, flooding, and landslide hazards. Based on the ranking of hazards identified in the LHMP priority of mitigation projects to address these hazards will be determined and used in the development of the City’s Capital Improvement Plan.
In addition, the City has often developed plans, policies and adopted ordinance to assist in the mitigation of hazards identified in the LHMP. These mitigation efforts can be seen in the following figures:
See Figure 3.5.1 Mitigation Project Updates
See Figure 6.1.1 Regulatory Mitigation Capabilities
See Figure 7.3.1 On-Going Mitigation Strategy Programs
SECTION 10.0 - CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Continued public involvement is imperative to the overall success of the LHMP implementation. The update process provides an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existing stakeholders and to publicize success stories from the plan implementation and seek additional public comment. The LHMP maintenance and update process will include continued public and stakeholder involvement and input through attendance at City Council Meetings, Community Based Organization meetings, other meetings or events that may be scheduled, web postings, social media, and public hearings.
If any changes are made in the Scheduled Plan Maintenance Process, the public will be notified through actions taken at City Council meetings by posting of the agenda, cable TV viewing of these meetings, posting on the City’s website and outreach at community meetings.
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APPENDIX A – PUBLIC NOTICES AND MAPS
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) Update Steering Committee Meeting Minutes
Date: October 5, 2022
Time: 10:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.
Email Designated for LHMP: [email protected]
Brian MacGavin called the meeting to order and reviewed housekeeping items and meeting minutes from August 3, 2022.
Meeting Purpose: To provide a forum for MJLHMP participants to be able to share information and provide feedback into the oversight of the MJLHMP update process.
Review of Update / Requirements and timeline.
o Jennifer Smith reviewed the immediate update requirements and the MJLHMP timeline. o August-October: identify goals, objectives, and actions to take and have data compiled. o Inventory Worksheets and Risk Assessments should be completed by October 25 and mitigation actions should be finalized In November.
o A Teams meeting will be held with all county department representatives on October 25 to discuss completing Inventory and Risk Assessments that are due by October 25th.
Data Collection and HAZUS
o Breakdown of every risk category.
https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map
o Risk Assessment Survey has been sent out.
Tracking and Scoring Mitigation Projects
o Brian MacGavin presented information on the tracking and scoring of mitigation projects. o A new spreadsheet will be formulated for 2023 mitigation projects and actions. o Separate spreadsheets will be reviewed as we go forward with the update.
Jurisdictional and County Department Assessments
o William Luna provided information on completing jurisdictional and county department assessments.
Additional Discussion and Feedback
o Something to do after plan is approved, going back and reviewing the definitions.
Next steps and Action Items
o Complete Inventory Worksheets and Risk Assessments.
o Contact Brian MacGavin, Jennifer Smith, or William Luna for assistance or questions.
Adjournment / Next Meeting
o Brian MacGavin adjourned the meeting and announced that the next meeting will be on January 4, 2023.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) Update OA Steering Committee Agenda
Date: January 4, 2023
Time: 10:00 AM to 11:30 AM
Subject Time Presented by Purpose Attachments
Introductions / Housekeeping 10 mins Brian
MacGavin
Inform Sign-in Sheet
Review of Minutes from October 5, 2022 5 mins.
Brian
MacGavin
Inform October 5, 2022 Steering
Committee Minutes
Review of update requirements and timeline 10 mins.
Jennifer Smith Inform Local Mitigation Plan
Review Guide & Timeline
GIS / Data Collection 10 mins
Moses
Martinez
Information
2023-2028 Tracking and Scoring Mitigation
Projects / Actions 15 mins
Brian
MacGavin
Inform Mitigation Projects
Spreadsheet
Jurisdictional LHMP Status Reports 15 mins.
William Luna Information
Additional Discussion and Feedback from
Steering Committee Members 15 mins.
All Discuss N/A
Next Steps /Action Items 5 mins.
Brian
MacGavin
Discuss N/A
Adjourn / Next Meeting 2 mins.
Brian
MacGavin
Inform
N/A
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APPENDIX B – INVENTORY WORKSHEETS
RIVERSIDE COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION AGENCY
2023 INVENTORY WORKSHEETS
City of Corona
JUNE 2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction: These documents are meant to be discussed, used, and reviewed by a multi-disciplinary team. Participation by a wide range of stakeholders who play a role in identifying and implementing mitigation actions is required.
SPECIAL CONCERNS:
1. The completed Letter of Commitment has been returned to EMD.
2. The completed Letter of Participation has been returned to EMD.
1. Local Jurisdiction Contact Information Page 3
2. Hazard Identification Questionnaire Pages 4-6
3. Specific Hazards Summary Page 7
4. Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet Pages 8-9
5. Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals Pages 10-14
6. Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action
and Strategy Proposal Pages 14-16
7. Local Jurisdiction Development Trends Pages 17-18
8. Appendix A-Plan Review Tool Pages A1-10
Appendix A the Plan Review Tool for your reference. This is the document Cal EMA and FEMA will utilize to verify that all the required information is in the submitted documents.
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1. LOCAL JURISDICTION CONTACT INFORMATION
The information on this page identifies:
• Jurisdiction and the contact person
• Jurisdiction's service area size and population
• EOP Plan and a Safety Element of their General Plan
PLEASE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
Agency/Jurisdiction: City of Corona
Type Agency/Jurisdiction: Local Government
Contact Person: Title: Emergency Services Manager
First Name: Lee Last Name: Shin
Agency Address: Street: 735 Public Safety Way
City: Corona
State: CA
Zip: 92880
Contact Phone 951-496-1299 FAX 951-736-2497
E-mail [email protected]
Population Served 167,759 Square Miles Served 39.2
Does your organization have a general plan? Yes
Does your organization have a safety component to the general plan? Yes What year was your plan last updated? 2018
Does your organization have a disaster/emergency operations plan? Yes What year was your plan last updated? 2023
Do you have a recovery annex or section in your plan? Yes Do you have a terrorism/WMD annex or section in your plan? Yes CITY OF CORONA 91
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2. Hazard Identification Questionnaire
The purpose of the questionnaire is to help identify the hazards within your service area. The list was developed from the first round of meetings with the various working groups in the 2023 plan creation, and from the hazards listed in the County's General Plan. Each hazard is discussed in detail in Part I of the 2023 LHMP. The information will be used as the basis for each jurisdiction to evaluate its capabilities, determine its needs, and to assist in developing goals and strategies. The information identifies:
a) What hazards can be identified within or adjacent to the service area of the jurisdiction.
b) Which of those hazards have had reoccurring events.
c) What specific hazards and risks are considered by the jurisdiction to be a threat specifically to the jurisdiction? ( These locations should be identified by name and location for inclusion in the Specific Hazard Summary Table). a. Specific types of facilities owned and operated by the jurisdiction. b. Locations damaged from prior disasters or hazard causing events. d) Information about the jurisdiction's EOC
With your Multi-Disciplinary Planning Team:
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions, with your planning team: Review your old Questionnaire for accuracy and relevance, mark changes. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts, with your planning team, meet and go over the questionnaire. Fill in YES, NO or NA on the Questionnaire.
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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONNAIRE
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DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE:
AIRPORT IN JURISDICTION Yes
AIRPORT NEXT TO JURISDICTION No
DAIRY INDUSTRY No
POULTRY INDUSTRY No
CROPS/ORCHARDS No
DAMS IN JURISDICTION Yes
DAMS NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
LAKE/RESERVOIR IN JURISDICTION Yes
LAKE/RESERVOIR NEAR JURISDICTION Yes
JURISDICTION IN FLOOD PLAIN Yes
CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
EARTHQUAKE FAULTS IN JURISDICTION Yes
EARTHQUAKE FAULTS NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
MOBILE HOME PARKS Yes
NON-REINFORCED FREEWAY BRIDGES No
NON-REINFORCED BRIDGES No
BRIDGES IN FLOOD PLAIN No
BRIDGES OVER OR ACROSS RIVER/STREAM Yes
ROADWAY CROSSING RIVER/STREAM No
NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS No
FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY IN JURISDICTION Yes
FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
FOREST AREA IN JURISDICTION No
FOREST AREA NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
WITHIN THE 50 MILES SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE Yes
MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES IN JURISDICTION Yes
MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
RAILROAD TRACKS IN JURISDICTION Yes
RAILROAD TRACKS NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION OWN OR OPERATE A FACILITY
IN A FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS Yes
NEAR A DAM Yes
UPSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR Yes
NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT Yes
NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT Yes
WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE Yes
IN A FOREST AREA No
NEAR A FOREST AREA Yes
NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY Yes
A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
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NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS No
A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE No
NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE Yes
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE ANY LOCATIONS THAT:
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE AND NOT REPAIRED No
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD Yes
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD MORE THAN ONCE Yes
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE No
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE MORE THAN ONCE No
HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT Yes
HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A PIPELINE EVENT No
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS INFORMATION
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE AN EOC Yes
IS YOUR EOC LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS Yes
NEAR A DAM Yes
UPSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR Yes
NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT No
NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT Yes
WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE Yes
IN A FOREST AREA No
NEAR A FOREST AREA Yes
NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY Yes
A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS No
A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE Yes
NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE Yes
OTHER FACILITY INFORMATION
ARE THERE LOCATIONS WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTION THAT:
COULD BE CONSIDERED A TERRORIST TARGET Yes
COULD BE CONSIDERED A BIO-HAZARD RISK Yes
With your planning team, list the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.
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3. SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
This table helps to identify the information (name, owner, location, etc.) about the specific hazards identified in the Hazard Questionnaire.
In the Summary Table, list the basic information of the hazards identified by the jurisdiction in the Hazard Identification Questionnaire as a potential threat. These specific hazards were used in the development of response plans, maps, and other analysis data. a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and see if there were any changes, if so, summarize why there is a difference from 2017 LHMP.
b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.
SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
Jurisdiction Hazard Type Hazard Name In
Jurisdiction?
Adjacent to
Jurisdiction?
Corona Dam Lake Mathews No Yes
Dam Prado No Yes
Fault Elsinore Yes Yes
Flood Channel Mabey Canyon Yes No
Flood Channel Temescal Creek Yes Yes
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Downs Energy Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Dart Containers Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility G & S Associates Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Golden Cheese Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility GTM, Inc. Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Hi-Country Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Us Battery Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Watson Pharmaceuticals Yes No Hazmat Storage Location Advanced Fuel Filtration Yes No Hazmat Storage Location All American Asphalt Yes No
Hazmat Storage Location Liston Aluminum Yes No
Hazmat Storage Location United Agri Products Yes No
Lake Lake Mathews No Yes
Pipeline Four Corners Oil Pipeline Yes No
Pipeline Natural Gas Yes No
Railroad Track BNSF Yes No
Reservoir Lake Mathews No Yes
River Santa Ana River No Yes
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4. JURISDICTION VULNERABILITY WORKSHEET
This table is a listing of the primary hazards identified by the 2022 LHMP working groups. Each jurisdiction was asked to evaluate the potential for an event to occur in their jurisdiction by hazard. They were also asked to evaluate the potential impact of that event by hazard on their jurisdiction. The impact potential was determined based on:
1. Economic loss and recovery
2. Physical loss to structures (residential, commercial, and critical facilities)
3. The loss or damage to the jurisdiction’s infrastructure
4. Their ability to continue with normal daily governmental activities
5. Their ability to quickly recover from the event and return to normal daily activities
6. The loss of life and potential injuries from the event.
The jurisdictions were asked to rate the potential and severity using a scale of between 0 and 4 (4 being the most severe). The jurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards as they relate to their jurisdiction from 1 to 19 (1 being the highest overall threat to their jurisdiction).
With the assistance of the RCIP Plan and County Departments, Riverside County EMD conducted an extensive evaluation of the severity and probability potential for the county. The hazards were also ranked for the County. Those numbers and rankings were provided to the jurisdictions as a comparison guide.
A separate table was created to address the hazards relating to agriculture and was assessed by the agriculture working group. a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: Please review the table, determine if you’re ranking from the 2017 LHMP remains the same, and note that Pandemic has been added to the list. Please discuss and document new or unchanged severity and rankings.
b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: Please evaluate the potential for an event to occur in your jurisdiction by hazard. Then, evaluate the potential impact of that event by hazard on your jurisdiction according to #1-6 from the potential impact list above.
NOTE: Under Medical, Pandemic was added. This was a result of the H1N1 and other incidents.
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NAME: City of Corona AGENCY: DATE: 2/20/2023
COUNTY CITY OF CORONA
HAZARD
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
RANKING
1 - 19
EARTHQUAKE 4 2 4 3 1
WILDLAND FIRE 3 4 3 3 2
FLOOD 3 3 3 3 6
OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS
DROUGHT 3 3 3 3 12
LANDSLIDES 3 3 2 1 20
INSECT INFESTATION 2 3 1 1 18
EXTREME SUMMER/WINTER WEATHER 3 2 2 2 13
SEVERE WIND EVENT NA
AGRICULTURAL
DISEASE/CONTAMINATION 3 3 3 3 7
TERRORISM 3 1 4 2 4
OTHER MAN-MADE
PIPELINE 3 2 3 2 19
AQUEDUCT 3 2 2 2 22
TRANSPORTATION 3 2 3 2 8
POWER OUTAGE 4 4 4 4 3
HAZMAT ACCIDENTS 3 4 3 2 14
NUCLEAR ACCIDENT 4 1 4 1 17
TERRORISM 3 1 4 2 4
CIVIL UNREST 3 2 2 2 16
JAIL/PRISON EVENT 2 1 1 2 21
MEDICAL
PANDEMIC 4 2 4 2 10
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5. JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS
This comprehensive table is a listing of the various mitigation strategies, goals, and objectives developed by the 2022 LHMP working groups.
The jurisdictions were also given the opportunity to list additional strategies, goals, and objectives CITY OF CORONA 100
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specific to their jurisdiction.
LOCAL JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS
With your Planning Team
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: please review the table; determine if you’re ranking from the 2023 LHMP remains the same.
b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: please follow below:
Please evaluate the priority level for each listed mitigation goal identified below as it relates to your jurisdiction or facility. If you have any additional mitigation goals or recommendations, please list them at the end of this document.
Place an H (High), M (Medium), L (Low), or N/A (Not Applicable) for your priority level for each mitigation goal in the box next to the activity.
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EARTHQUAKE
M Aggressive public education campaign in light of predictions M Generate new literature for dissemination to:
M ◊ Government employees
M ◊ Businesses
L ◊ Hotel/motel literature
M ◊ Local radio stations for education
M ◊ Public education via utilities
M ◊ Identify/create television documentary content
M Improve the Emergency Alert System (EAS)
M ◊ Consider integration with radio notification systems H ◊ Upgrade alerting and warning systems for hearing impaired H ◊ Training and maintenance
L Procure earthquake-warning devices for critical facilities H Reinforce emergency response facilities
N/A Provide training to hospital staffs
L Require earthquake gas shutoffs on remodels/new construction M Evaluate re-enforcing reservoir concrete bases
L Evaluate EOCs for seismic stability
H Install earthquake cutoffs at reservoirs
M Install earthquake-warning devices at critical facilities L Develop a dam inundation plan for new Diamond Valley Reservoir M Earthquake retrofitting
N/A ◊ Bridges/dams/pipelines
L ◊ Government buildings/schools
N/A ◊ Mobile home parks
L Develop educational materials on structural reinforcement and home inspections (ALREADY DEVELOPED) M Ensure Uniform Building Code compliance
M ◊ Update to current compliance when retrofitting
L Insurance coverage on public facilities
L Funding for non-structural abatement (Earthquake kits, etc.) L Pre - identify empty commercial space for seismic re-location L Electrical co-generation facilities need retrofitting/reinforcement (Palm Springs, others?) L Mapping of liquefaction zones
M Incorporate County geologist data into planning
N/A Backup water supplies for hospitals
M Evaluate pipeline seismic resiliency
M Pre-positioning of temporary response structures
M Fire sprinkler ordinance for all structures
L Evaluate adequacy of reservoir capacity for sprinkler systems L Training/standardization for contractors performing retrofitting L Website with mitigation/contractor/retrofitting information L ◊ Links to jurisdictions
M ◊ Alerting information
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L ◊ Volunteer information
M Evaluate depths of aquifers/wells for adequacy during quakes L Evaluate hazmat storage regulations near faults
COMMUNICATIONS IN DISASTER ISSUES
M Communications Interoperability
M Harden repeater sites
H Continue existing interoperability project
M Strengthen/harden
M Relocate
H Redundancy
M Mobile repeaters
FLOODS
L Update development policies for flood plains
L Public education on locations of flood plains
L Develop multi-jurisdictional working group on floodplain management L Develop greenbelt requirements in new developments
L Update weather pattern/flood plain maps
L Conduct countywide study of flood barriers/channels/gates/water dispersal systems M Required water flow/runoff plans for new development
M Perform GIS mapping of flood channels, etc.
L Install vehicular crossing gates/physical barriers for road closure H Maintenance of storm sewers/flood channels
M Create map of flood channels/diversions/water systems etc.
L Require digital floor plans on new non-residential construction M Upgrade dirt embankments to concrete
M Conduct countywide needs study on drainage capabilities H Increase number of pumping stations
L Increase sandbag distribution capacities
M Develop pre-planned response plan for floods
M ◊ Evacuation documentation
M ◊ Re-examine historical flooding data for potential street re-design L Training for city/county PIOs about flood issues
L Warning systems - ensure accurate information provided L ◊ Publicize flood plain information (website?)
L ◊ Install warning/water level signage
L ◊ Enhanced public information
L ◊ Road closure compliance
L ◊ Shelter locations
L ◊ Pre-event communications
L Look at County requirements for neighborhood access
L ◊ Secondary means of ingress/egress
M Vegetation restoration programs
M Ensure critical facilities are hardened/backed up
L Hardening water towers
L Terrorism Surveillance - cameras at reservoirs/dams
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FEB 2023 M Riverbed maintenance M Evaluate existing lift stations for adequacy L Acquisition of property for on-site retention M Evaluate regulations on roof drainage mechanism M Erosion-resistant plants L Traffic light protection M Upkeep of diversionary devices M Install more turn-off valves on pipelines H Backup generation facilities H Identify swift water rescue capabilities across County
WILDFIRES
M Aggressive weed abatement program M ◊ Networking of agencies for weed abatement N/A Develop strategic plan for forest management H Public education on wildfire defense M Encourage citizen surveillance and reporting L Identify hydrants with equipment ownership information M Enhanced firefighting equipment L Fire spotter program/red flag program L ◊ Expand to other utilities N/A Research on insect/pest mitigation technologies L Volunteer home inspection program L Public education program L ◊ Weather reporting/alerting M ◊ Building protection L ◊ Respiration M Pre-identify shelters/recovery centers/other resources M Roofing materials/defensive spacing regulations M Community task forces for planning and education M Fuel/dead tree removal L Strategic pre-placement of firefighting equipment L Establish FEMA coordination processes based on ICS M Brush clearings around repeaters L Research new technologies for identifying/tracking fires M Procure/deploy backup communications equipment N/A "Red Tag" homes in advance of event
N/A Provide fire
-resistant gel to homeowners
L Involve insurance agencies in mitigation programs
N/A Clear out abandoned vehicles from oases H Code enforcement H Codes prohibiting fireworks H Fuel modification/removal L Evaluate building codes H Maintaining catch basins CITY OF CORONA 104
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OTHER HAZARDS
N/A Improve pipeline maintenance
N/A Wetlands mosquito mitigation (West Nile Virus)
M Insect control study
N/A Increase County Vector Control capacities
H General public drought awareness
H ◊ Lawn watering rotation
N/A Develop County drought plan
H Mitigation of landslide-prone areas
N/A Develop winter storm sheltering plan
N/A Ease permitting process for building transmission lines L Evaluate restrictions on dust/dirt/generating activities during wind seasons N/A Rotational crop planning/soil stabilization
N/A Enhance agricultural checkpoint enforcement
N/A Agriculture - funding of detection programs
M Communications of pipeline maps (based on need to know) M Improved notification plan on runaway trains
M Improve/maintain blackout notification plan.
M Support business continuity planning for utility outages H Terrorism training/equipment for first responders
H ◊ Terrorism planning/coordination
M ◊ Staffing for terrorism mitigation
M Create a SONGS regional planning group
L ◊ Include dirty bomb planning
M Cooling stations - MOUs in place
N/A Fire Ant eradication program
N/A White Fly infestation abatement/eradication program M Develop plan for supplemental water sources
H Public education on low water landscaping
N/A Salton Sea desalinization
N/A Establish agriculture security standards (focus on water supply) M ID mutual aid agreements
M Vulnerability assessment on fiber-optic cable
N/A Upgrade valves on California aqueduct
L Public education
L ◊ Bi-lingual signs
L ◊ Power Outage information
M Notification system for rail traffic - container contents H Control and release of terrorism intelligence
N/A Develop prison evacuation plan (shelter in place?)
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Use the list and rankings to narrow down or identify “your” strategies.
The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy includes the development of goals, objectives, and prioritized mitigation actions.
Goals are general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve. They are broad policy statements and are usually long-term and represent global visions, such as “Protect Existing Property.”
Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and may have a defined completion date. Objectives are more specific, such as “Increase the number of buildings protected from flooding.” The development of effective goals and objectives enables the planning team to evaluate the merits of alternative mitigation actions and the local conditions in which these activities would be pursued. A potential mitigation action that would support the goal and objective goal example above is “Acquire repetitive flood loss properties in the Acadia Woods Subdivision.” In the 2017 LHMP, each jurisdiction was required to develop a Mitigation Strategy Proposal based on one of the following:
1. The strategy, goal, or objective rating “High Priority” on the Local Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals (WORKSHEET ABOVE)
2. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the working groups planning sessions such as the hospitals or agriculture.
3. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the jurisdiction’s internal working group planning sessions
6. LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY
PROPOSAL
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, please review the table from # 5, and determine if you’re ranking from the 2023 LHMP remains the same.
Review the chosen Mitigation Strategy that your jurisdiction submitted. The updated plan must identify the completed, deleted, or deferred actions or activities from the previously approved plan as a benchmark for progress.
If the mitigation actions or activities remain unchanged from the previously approved plan, the updated plan must indicate why changes are not necessary. Further, the updated plan shall include in its prioritization any new mitigation actions identified since the previous plan was approved or through the plan update process.
b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, Use the “High Priority” rated strategy, goal or objective as a starting point to determine your Mitigation Strategy Proposal.
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LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY PROPOSAL Jurisdiction: City of Corona
Contact: Lee Shin
Phone: 951-496-1299
MITIGATION STRATEGY INFORMATION
Proposal Name:
DWP Emergency Generators
Proposal Location:
Citywide – Ground Water Wells and Blending station
Proposal Type
Place an "X" by the type of mitigation strategy (one or more may apply) Flood and mud flow mitigation
Fire mitigation
Elevation or acquisition of repetitively damaged structures or structures in high hazard areas Mitigation Planning (i.e., update building codes, planning develop guidelines, etc.) Development and implementation of mitigation education programs Development or improvement of warning systems
Additional Hazard identification and analysis in support of the local hazard mitigation plan Drinking and/or irrigation water mitigation
X Earthquake mitigation
Agriculture - crop related mitigation
Agriculture - animal related mitigation
Flood inundation/Dam failure
Weather/Temperature event mitigation
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED MITIGATION STRATEGY
Proposal/Event
History
List any previous disaster related events (dates, costs, etc.) The proposed project is to purchase emergency generators for each ground water well and blending station as an earthquake mitigation strategy. The Mexico, Easter earthquake of 2010 caused significant damage to the water systems in Imperial County and the action is a result of lessons learned. There have been earthquakes in the region that have made it apparent that emergency generators will be necessary at ground water wells and blending stations to lessen the possibility of water disruption.
Description of
Mitigation Goal
Narrative:
Give a detailed description of the need for the proposal, any history related to the proposal. List the activities necessary for its completion in the narrative section below, including estimated timeline. (How long will it take)
Because the City of Corona is in an area of seismic faults, back-up power for pumping water at ground water wells to the community is a good mitigation measure. There have been earthquakes in the region that have made it apparent that emergency generators will be necessary at ground water wells and the blending station to lessen the possibility of water disruption.
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Does your jurisdiction have primary responsibility for the proposal? If not, what agency does? Yes X No Responsible Agency: Dept. of Water and Power
FUNDING INFORMATION
Place an "X" by the proposed source of funding for this proposal Unfunded proposal - funds are not available for the proposal currently Local jurisdiction General Fund
Local jurisdiction Special Fund (road tax, assessment fees, etc.) Non-FEMA Hazard Mitigation Funds
X Local Hazard Mitigation Grant Funds - Future Request
X Hazard Mitigation Funds
X Other no general fund source.
Has your jurisdiction evaluated this mitigation strategy to determine its cost benefits? yes (i.e., has the cost of the mitigation proposal been determined to be beneficial in relationship to the potential damage or loss using the attached Cost/Benefit Analysis Sheet or another internal method) As part of this process, each Submitting Jurisdiction is required to perform a cost-benefit analysis. They were required to answer the question at the bottom of the Proposal page that asks if they had conducted a CostBenefit Analysis of some type. This analysis was conducted either by completing a Cost Benefit form or by some other approved method. Many of the jurisdictions used the cost-effective analysis approach outlined in the FEMA publication, Cost and Benefits of Natural Hazards Mitigation. This cost-benefit analysis was not restricted to natural hazards.
In some cases, the jurisdiction or working group identified a proposal that highlighted a life- safety issue over a standard hazard proposal. This was done when there was either historical data or other sources of information indicating that the life-safety issue needed to be emphasized or brought to the public’s attention.
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LOCAL JURISDICTION DEVELOPMENT TRENDS QUESTIONNAIRE
JURISDICTION: CITY OF CORONA DOES YOUR AGENCY HAVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR LAND USE AND/OR DEVELOPMENT ISSUES WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES? YES NO
2012 DATA 2017 DATA 2023
Current Population in Jurisdiction or Served 153,649 167,759 Projected Population in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 175,000
Current Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served 39.2 39.2 Projected Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 39.2 Does Your Jurisdiction have any ordinances or
regulations dealing with disaster mitigation, disaster
preparation, or disaster response?
Yes Yes
If yes, please list ordinance or regulation number.
Ordinance No. 2429, 1973, 2077
Corona Municipal Code Chapters 2.52, 3.36, 4.04.80, 7a, 15.12.270 Section 705
What is the number one land issue your agency will
face in the next five years
Economy and Infill/compact development
Approximate Number of Homes/Apts/etc. 47,182 48,930 Projected Number of Homes/Apts/etc.- in 2022 50,500
Approximate Total Residential Value $16.3 billion $17.0 billion Projected Residential Total Value - in 2022 $19.0 billion Approximate Number of Commercial Businesses 5,205 9,000 Projected Number of Commercial Businesses - in 2022 9,500 Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood
hazard zones
0.7% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood hazard zones - in 2017
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
earthquake hazard zones
3.5% 3.5% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
3.5%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
wildland fire hazard zones
6.55% 6.55% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
6.55%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses
in flood hazard zones
0.003% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses
in earthquake hazard zones
1.9% 0.3% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
0.3%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses
in wildland fire hazard zones
4.5% 0 Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones
0 0 Projected Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones
2 2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones.
7 7 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
7 Does your jurisdiction plan on participating in the
County's on-going plan maintenance program every
two years as described in Part I of the plan?
Yes Yes If not, how will your jurisdiction do plan maintenance? N/A Will a copy of this plan be available for the various planning groups within your jurisdiction for use in future planning and budgeting purposes?
Yes
CITY OF CORONA 109
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
APPENDIX C – PLAN REVIEW TOOL/CROSSWALK
LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL
The Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool demonstrates how the Local Mitigation Plan meets the regulation in 44 CFR §201.6 and offers States and FEMA Mitigation Planners an opportunity to provide feedback to the community.
• The Regulation Checklist provides a summary of FEMA’s evaluation of whether the Plan has addressed all requirements.
• The Plan Assessment identifies the plan’s strengths as well as documents areas for future improvement.
• The Multi-jurisdiction Summary Sheet is an optional worksheet that can be used to document how each jurisdiction met the requirements of each Element of the Plan (Planning Process; Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment; Mitigation Strategy; Plan Review, Evaluation, and Implementation; and Plan Adoption).
The FEMA Mitigation Planner must reference this Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide when completing the Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool.
Jurisdiction:
City of Corona
Title of Plan:
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
Date of Plan:
2/1/2023
Local Point of Contact:
Lee Shin
Address:
735 Public Safety Way
Title: Corona, CA 92880
Emergency Services Manager
Agency:
Fire Department
Phone Number:
951-496-1299
E-Mail:
[email protected]
State Reviewer: Title: Date:
FEMA Reviewer: Title: Date:
Date Received in FEMA Region (insert
#)
Plan Not Approved
Plan Approvable Pending Adoption
Plan Approved
CITY OF CORONA 110
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
SECTION 1:
REGULATION CHECKLIST
INSTRUCTIONS: The Regulation Checklist must be completed by FEMA. The purpose of the Checklist is to identify the location of relevant or applicable content in the Plan by Element/sub-element and to determine if each requirement has been ‘Met’ or ‘Not Met.’ The ‘Required Revisions’ summary at the bottom of each Element must be completed by FEMA to provide a clear explanation of the revisions that are required for plan approval. Required revisions must be explained for each plan sub-element that is ‘Not Met.’ Sub-elements should be referenced in each summary by using the appropriate numbers (A1, B3, etc.), where applicable. Requirements for each Element and sub-element are described in detail in this Plan Review Guide in Section 4, Regulation Checklist.
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(Section and/or
page number) Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met
ELEMENT A. PLANNING PROCESS
A1. Does the Plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared and who was involved in the process for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
Section 2.1
X
A2. Does the Plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development as well as other interests to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2))
Section 2.2
X
A3. Does the Plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting stage? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1))
Section 2.3
X
A4. Does the Plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3))
Section 9.0
X
A5. Is there discussion of how the community will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii))
Section 10.0
Section 8.0 X
CITY OF CORONA 111
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(Section and/or
page number) Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met
A6. Is there a description of the method and schedule for keeping the plan current (monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan within a 5-year cycle)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(I))
Section 8.0
X
ELEMENT A: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
B1. Does the Plan include a description of the type, location, and extent of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction(s)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(I))
Section 3.4
B2. Does the Plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(I))
Section 3.4
B3. Is there a description of each identified hazard’s impact on the community as well as an overall summary of the community’s vulnerability for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) Section 4.4
Section 3.2
B4. Does the Plan address NFIP insured structures within the jurisdiction that have been repetitively damaged by floods? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
Section 5.1
Figure 4.4.2 pg.42
ELEMENT B: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY
C1. Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3))
Section 6.1
C2. Does the Plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
Section 5.2
C3. Does the Plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i))
Section 7.1
C4. Does the Plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects for each jurisdiction being considered to reduce the effects of hazards, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
Section 7.2
Section 7.3
CITY OF CORONA 112
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(Section and/or
page number) Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met
C5. Does the Plan contain an action plan that describes how the actions identified will be prioritized (including cost benefit review), implemented, and administered by each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii))
Section 7.2
Section 7.4
C6. Does the Plan describe a process by which local
governments will integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii))
Section 9.0
Section 7.3
ELEMENT C: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT D. PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION (applicable to plan updates only)
D1. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in development? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
Section 1.4
Section 1.5
Section 1.6
D2. Was the plan revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
Section 3.5
D3. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
Section 3.1
Section 3.2
Section 3.3
ELEMENT D: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT E. PLAN ADOPTION
E1. Does the Plan include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5))
Plan Adoption/
Resolution
E2. For multi-jurisdictional plans, has each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan documented formal plan adoption?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(5))
Plan Adoption/
Resolution
ELEMENT E: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT F. ADDITIONAL STATE REQUIREMENTS (OPTIONAL FOR STATE REVIEWERS ONLY; NOT TO BE COMPLETED BY FEMA)
F1.
F2.
ELEMENT F: REQUIRED REVISIONS
CITY OF CORONA 113
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
SECTION 2:
PLAN ASSESSMENT
INSTRUCTIONS: The purpose of the Plan Assessment is to offer the local community more comprehensive feedback to the community on the quality and utility of the plan in a narrative format. The audience for the Plan Assessment is not only the plan developer/local community planner, but also elected officials, local departments and agencies, and others involved in implementing the Local Mitigation Plan. The Plan Assessment must be completed by FEMA. The Assessment is an opportunity for FEMA to provide feedback and information to the community on 1) suggested improvements to the Plan; 2) specific sections in the Plan where the community has gone above and beyond minimum requirements; 3) recommendations for plan implementation; and 4) ongoing partnership(s) and information on other FEMA programs, specifically Risk MAP and Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs.
The Plan Assessment is divided into two sections:
1. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement
2. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan
Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement is organized according to the plan Elements listed in the Regulation Checklist. Each Element includes a series of italicized bulleted items that are suggested topics for consideration while evaluating plans, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive list. FEMA Mitigation Planners are not required to answer each bullet item and should use them as a guide to paraphrase their own written assessment (2-3 sentences) of each Element.
The Plan Assessment must not reiterate the required revisions from the Regulation Checklist or be regulatory in nature and should be open-ended and provide the community with suggestions for improvements or recommended revisions. The recommended revisions are suggestions for improvement and are not required to be made for the Plan to meet Federal regulatory requirements. The italicized text should be deleted once FEMA has added comments regarding strengths of the plan and potential improvements for future revisions. It is recommended that the Plan Assessment be a short synopsis of the overall strengths and weaknesses of the Plan (no longer than two pages), rather than a complete recap section by section.
Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan provides a place for FEMA to offer information, data sources and general suggestions on the plan implementation and maintenance process. Information on other possible sources of assistance including, but not limited to, existing publications, grant funding or training opportunities, can be provided.
States may add state and local resources, if available.
CITY OF CORONA 114
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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A. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement
This section provides a discussion of the strengths of the plan document and identifies areas where these could be improved beyond minimum requirements.
Element A: Planning Process
How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the planning process with respect to:
• Involvement of stakeholders (elected officials/decision makers, plan implementers, business owners, academic institutions, utility companies, water/sanitation districts, etc.); • Involvement of Planning, Emergency Management, Public Works Departments or other planning agencies (i.e., regional planning councils);
• Diverse methods of participation (meetings, surveys, online, etc.); and • Reflective of an open and inclusive public involvement process.
Element B: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
In addition to the requirements listed in the Regulation Checklist, 44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans identifies additional elements that should be included as part of a plan’s risk assessment. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of:
1) A general description of land uses and future development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions. 2) The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas; and
3) A description of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures, and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate.
How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment with respect to:
• Use of best available data (flood maps, HAZUS, flood studies) to describe significant hazards.
• Communication of risk on people, property, and infrastructure to the public (through tables, charts, maps, photos, etc.).
• Incorporation of techniques and methodologies to estimate dollar losses to vulnerable structures.
• Incorporation of Risk MAP products (i.e., depth grids, Flood Risk Report, Changes Since Last FIRM, Areas of Mitigation Interest, etc.); and
• Identification of any data gaps that can be filled as new data became available.
CITY OF CORONA 115
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
Element C: Mitigation Strategy
How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the Mitigation Strategy with respect to:
• Key problems identified in, and linkages to, the vulnerability assessment. • Serving as a blueprint for reducing potential losses identified in the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment.
• Plan content flow from the risk assessment (problem identification) to goal setting to mitigation action development.
• An understanding of mitigation principles (diversity of actions that include structural projects, preventative measures, outreach activities, property protection measures, postdisaster actions, etc.). • Specific mitigation actions for each participating jurisdictions that reflects their unique risks and capabilities.
• Integration of mitigation actions with existing local authorities, policies, programs, and resources; and
• Discussion of existing programs (including the NFIP), plans, and policies that could be used to implement mitigation, as well as document past projects.
Element D: Plan Update, Evaluation, and Implementation (Plan Updates Only) How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the 5-year Evaluation and Implementation measures with respect to:
• Status of previously recommended mitigation actions.
• Identification of barriers or obstacles to successful implementation or completion of mitigation actions, along with possible solutions for overcoming risk. • Documentation of annual reviews and committee involvement. • Identification of a lead person to take ownership of, and champion the Plan. • Reducing risks from natural hazards and serving as a guide for decisions makers as they commit resources to reducing the effects of natural hazards. • An approach to evaluating future conditions (i.e., socio-economic, environmental, demographic, change in built environment etc.).
• Discussion of how changing conditions and opportunities could impact community resilience in the long term; and
• Discussion of how the mitigation goals and actions support the long-term community vision for increased resilience.
CITY OF CORONA 116
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
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B. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan
Ideas may be offered on moving the mitigation plan forward and continuing the relationship with key mitigation stakeholders such as the following:
• What FEMA assistance (funding) programs are available (for example, Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA)) to the jurisdiction(s) to assist with implementing the mitigation actions?
• What other Federal programs (National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Community Rating System (CRS), Risk MAP, etc.) may aid with mitigation activities? • What publications, technical guidance or other resources are available to the jurisdiction(s) relevant to the identified mitigation actions? • Are there upcoming trainings/workshops (Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA), HMA, etc.) to assist the jurisdictions(s)?
• What mitigation actions can be funded by other Federal agencies (for example, U.S.
Forest Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Smart Growth, Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Sustainable Communities, etc.) and/or state and local agencies? CITY OF CORONA 117
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
JUNE 2017
SECTION 3:
MULTI-JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET (OPTIONAL)
CITY OF CORONA 118
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
INSTRUCTIONS: For multi-jurisdictional plans, a Multi-jurisdiction Summary Spreadsheet may be completed by listing each participating jurisdiction, which required Elements for each jurisdiction were ‘Met’ or ‘Not Met,’ and when the adoption resolutions were received. This Summary Sheet does not imply that a mini plan be developed for each jurisdiction; it should be used as an optional CITY OF CORONA 119
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
worksheet to ensure that each jurisdiction participating in the Plan has been documented and has met the requirements for those Elements (A through E).
CITY OF CORONA 120
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
MULTI-JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET
# Jurisdiction
Name
Jurisdiction
Type
(city/borough
/
township/
village, etc.)
Plan
POC
Mailing
Address Email Phone
Requirements Met (Y/N)
A.
Planning
Process
B.
Hazard
Identification
& Risk
Assessment
C.
Mitigatio
n
Strategy
D.
Plan Review,
Evaluation &
Implementatio
n
E.
Plan
Adoptio
n
F.
State
Require
-ments
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 CITY OF CORONA 121
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
MULTI-JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET
# Jurisdiction
Name
Jurisdiction
Type
(city/borough
/
township/
village, etc.)
Plan
POC
Mailing
Address Email Phone
Requirements Met (Y/N)
A.
Planning
Process
B.
Hazard
Identification
& Risk
Assessment
C.
Mitigatio
n
Strategy
D.
Plan Review,
Evaluation &
Implementatio
n
E.
Plan
Adoptio
n
F.
State
Require
-ments
16 17
18 19
20