POST-MEETING AGENDA
REGULAR MEETING
City of Coronado City Council/
The City of Coronado Acting as the Successor Agency to the Community Development Agency of the City of Coronado
May 05, 2026 04:00 PM
Coronado City Hall Council Chamber
1825 Strand Way
Coronado, California 92118
CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
PRESENTATIONS
Safe Harbor Coronado Mental Health and Wellness Month
Proclamation
Public Service Recognition Week Proclamation Page 7
CONSENT CALENDAR
All items listed under this section are considered to be routine and will be acted upon with one motion. There will be no separate discussion of these items unless a member of the City Council or the public so requests, in which event, the item will be considered separately in its normal sequence.
Recommendation:
Approve the recommended actions on the consent calendar with the addition of items 8b, 8f, 8g, and 8h.
Approval of Reading by Title and Waiver of Reading in Full of Ordinances on This Agenda
Recommendation:
Approve the reading by title and waive the reading in full of all Ordinances on the agenda.
1. 2.
3. 3.a
3.b
4. 4.a
Approve Warrants Certified by Treasurer as Correct and BudgetCompliant for FY 2025-26
Recommendation:
Approve the Warrants as certified by the City/Agency Treasurer.
Approval of the Minutes of March 17 and April 7 2026 Regular and Closed Session Meetings
Recommendation:
Approve the Minutes of March 17 and April 7 2026 Regular and Closed Session Meetings.
Accept the Seaport Manhole Rehabilitation Project and Direct the City Clerk to File a Notice of Completion
Recommendation:
Accept the Seaport Manhole Rehabilitation Project and direct the City Clerk to file a Notice of Completion.
Resolution Extending a Local Emergency Due to the Discovery of Caulerpa prolifera in the Coronado Cays
Recommendation:
Adopt the resolution to extend the declaration of local emergency due to the discovery of Caulerpa prolifera.
Second Reading and Adoption of an Ordinance Amending the Coronado Municipal Code Regarding Conflict of Interest
Recommendation:
Conduct the second reading of Ordinance 2026-01 amending Chapter 1.20, Section
1.20.060, Section 1.20.070 (A-P), and Section 1.20.080 (A-B) of Title 1 of the Coronado Municipal Code regarding conflict of interest.
Orange Avenue Banner Program Summer Rotation NASCAR
Banners
Recommendation:
Approve the proposed NASCAR banner designs and associated installation locations for a limited summer display period along Orange Avenue.
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
Comments relating to items on the agenda are taken at the time the items are heard. Any person wishing to address the City Council on items not appearing on this agenda but within its jurisdiction shall give their name and limit comments to three (3) minutes, unless modified by the Chair. Additionally, written comments may be submitted on the City’s website or via email. Requests for public comment via Zoom must be made at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting. Please contact the City Clerk at (619) 522- 7320 or [email protected] for more information.
4.b
4.c
4.d
4.e
4.f
4.g
5. May 05, 2026 City of Coronado Page 2
CITY MANAGER/EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
PUBLIC HEARINGS
961 D Avenue - Request for a One-Lot Tentative Parcel Map to Allow for Condominium Ownership of Two Residential Units and Determination that the Project is Categorically Exempt from California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15332 (PC2026-01)
Recommendation:
Determine that the project is categorically exempt under Class 32 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15332 (In-Fill Development) and adopt a resolution approving a one-lot Tentative Parcel Map at 961 D Avenue.
Public Hearing: Proposition 218 Hearing; Approval of “A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, Approving the Rate Adjustments for Sanitary Sewer Services” and Introduction of an Ordinance Amending Chapter 60.08 of the Coronado Municipal Code Revising Procedures for Setting Rates for Sanitary Sewer Services
Recommendation:
Conduct the Proposition 218 hearing, adopt Resolution 2026-24 approving the rate adjustments for sanitary sewer services and introduce Ordinance 2026-02 amending Chapter 60.08 of the Coronado Municipal Code (CMC).
GENERAL BUSINESS
Council Reports on Interagency Assignments Page 158
Questions allowed to clarify but no responses, discussion or action. Councilmembers are asked to limit their oral reports to three (3) minutes.
Receive Multi-Year General Fund Financial Forecast through Fiscal Year 2030-31 and provide direction on an Interfund Loan from the General Fund to the Affordable Housing In-Lieu Fee Fund (265) and a One-Time General Fund Contribution to the Facilities
Replacement Fund (436)
Recommendation:
Receive Multi-Year General Fund Financial Forecast through Fiscal Year 2030-31 and provide direction on additional considerations of an Interfund Loan from the General Fund to the Affordable Housing In-Lieu Fee Fund (265) for the purchase of 349-63 D Avenue property and a One-Time $5,000,000 General Fund Contribution to the Facilities Replacement Fund (436).
Fiscal Year (FY) 2026-27 Coronado Tourism Improvement District (CTID) Advisory Board Annual Report/Management Plan and
6. 7.
7.a
7.b
8. 8.a
8.b
8.c
May 05, 2026 City of Coronado Page 3
Resolution of Intent to Continue to Levy Assessments on Four Hotel Businesses
Recommendation:
Continue the review and formal approval of the FY 2026-27 Annual Report and Management Plan from the CTID Advisory Board to the regular meeting on Tuesday, June 2, 2026; Adopt a revised resolution declaring the City Council's intention to continue to levy two one-half percent (0.5%) assessments during Fiscal Year 2026-27 on certain hotel businesses within Coronado Tourism Improvement District I and Coronado Tourism Improvement District II, striking Section 2 from the text; and set a public hearing date of Tuesday, June 2, 2026, for consideration of the continued levy assessment.
Consideration of MainStreet Coronado’s Fiscal Year 2025-26 Community Grants Funding Request
Recommendation:
Approve the community grant funding request of $29,800 for Coronado MainStreet to support annual events from Fiscal Year 2025-26, requiring all funds to be expended within the current fiscal year ending June 30, 2026.
Substitute Motion:
Authorize a community grant allocation of $29,800 to MainStreet Coronado, allowing the funds to be deployed across both the Fiscal Year 2025-26 and Fiscal Year 2026-27 periods for fixed overhead, community programming, and the collaborative reactivation of the downtown monitoring program, subject to standard municipal liability and insurance provisions.
Consideration of a Resolution Opposing Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Off the California Coast and the Inclusion of California Outer Continental Shelf Planning Areas in the 11th National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program
Recommendation:
Adopt the resolution opposing offshore oil and gas leasing off the California Coast and the inclusion of California Outer Continental Shelf planning areas in the 11th National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program.
Introduction and First Reading of an Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Coronado Adding Coronado Municipal Code Chapter
40.74 to Prohibit the Sale and Distribution of Kratom
Recommendation:
Waive first reading, and introduce Ordinance No. 2026-03 of the City Council of the City of Coronado Adding Chapter 40.74 to the Coronado Municipal Code to Prohibit the Sale and Distribution of Kratom.
Resolution to Extend a Local Emergency Declaration in the City of Coronado Due to Impacts from Cross-Border Water Pollution
8.d
8.e
8.f
8.g
May 05, 2026 City of Coronado Page 4
Recommendation:
Resolution 2026-22 was adopted under the consent calendar.
Consideration of a Policy #2 Request Regarding Updating Two Permit Parking Signs in Spreckels Park
Consideration of a Policy #9 Request Regarding Reconsideration of a Letter of Support for Assembly Bill 2484 (MTS Sales Tax)
Recommendation:
Transmit an official city letter to the California Legislature expressing support for Assembly Bill 2484.
Recommendation:
Reconsider the city's previous legislative position under Policy 9 to take no official position on Assembly Bill 2484, directing that no letter of support or opposition be transmitted to the California Legislature.
ADJOURNMENT
8.h
8.i
9. May 05, 2026 City of Coronado Page 5
Item 3.a
Item 3.b
I hereby certify that the demands listed in the table below and on the attached vendor payment audit report for the City of Coronado and the City of Coronado Acting as the Successor Agency to the Community Development Agency of the City of Coronado are correct and just to the best of my knowledge and conform to approved budgets for Fiscal Year 2025/2026. Money is available in the proper funds to pay these demands.
_____________________________________________________
John J. Kim
Director of Administrative Services
_____________________________________________________
Mayor
Approved by the City Council on May 5, 2026
Agency Warrant(s) Voucher(s)
City of Coronado 20018576-40000000 V3000000-V5008755
City of Coronado Acting as the Successor
Agency to the Community Development
Agency of the City of Coronado
Voided Warrant(s) and Vouchers
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 General Fu 100-14100 20018639 4/22/2026 GEORGE HILLS
COMPANY INC
Administration Fee FY27 2,967.55
100 General Fu 100-14100 5008699 4/20/2026 PLANETBIDS, LLC 01 SUB FEE FOR JUL-DEC 2026 7,598.70 100-14100 10,566.25
100 General Fu 100-14215 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
MAR26(3) PREPAY REVERSAL -29,600.00
100-14215 -29,600.00
100 General Fu 100-20200 5008728 4/22/2026 CORONADO TOURISM
IMPROVEMENT DIS ONE
CTID1FEB26 87,897.91
100-20200 87,897.91
100 General Fu 100-20210 5008733 4/22/2026 CORONADO TOURISM
IMPROVMENT DIS TWO
CTID2FEB26 87,897.87
100-20210 87,897.87
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80030 5008736 4/22/2026 MERJAN ENTERPRISES INC
02 PM SVC APR 26 351.49
10010000-80030 351.49
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80055 5008753 4/22/2026 HOCH CONSULTING, APC GRANT WRITING SERVICES FEB/MARCH26
1,255.00
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80055 5008753 4/22/2026 HOCH CONSULTING, APC GRANT WRITING SERVICES MARCH/APRIL26
2,092.50
10010000-80055 3,347.50
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 3,611.48 10010000-80100 3,611.48
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80112 20018576 4/20/2026 CAL-AM WATER (CITY
HALL ACCOUNT)
517 ORANGE AVE MAR26 110.66
10010000-80112 110.66
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80120 20018578 4/20/2026 QUADIENT LEASING USA, INC
01. City Hall-Postage 538.62
10010000-80120 538.62
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80210 20018643 4/22/2026 TPX COMMUNICATIONS CO
01 CITYWIDE TELE EXP 3,250.28
10010000-80210 3,250.28
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Non-Depart 10010000-80650 20018661 4/22/2026 ODP BUSINESS
SOLUTIONS, LLC
01. City Hall Supplies 10.63
10010000-80650 10.63
100 Legislativ 10011000-80030 5008701 4/20/2026 BARNES & THORNBURG LLP
FED LEGISLATIVE ADVOCATE
MAR26
8,000.00
10011000-80030 8,000.00
100 Legislativ 10011000-80210 20018614 4/22/2026 VERIZON WIRELESS 01 MAYOR/CC PHONES 154.66 10011000-80210 154.66
100 Legislativ 10011000-80650 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC 00. CC PUBLIC COMMENT
FOLDERS
10.68 10011000-80650 10.68
100 City Manag 10012201-80210 20018614 4/22/2026 VERIZON WIRELESS 01 CITY MGR PHONES 29.34 100 City Manag 10012201-80210 20018583 4/20/2026 AT&T MOBILITY, LLC CITY MANAGER OFFICE 176.99 10012201-80210 206.33
100 City Manag 10012201-80340 20018577 4/20/2026 ICMA, INC. ANNUAL RENEWAL CM 070126- 063027
1,200.00
10012201-80340 1,200.00
100 CDSA Admin 10012202-80040 5008731 4/22/2026 KANE, BALLMER &
BERKMAN, A LAW CORP
SA WIND DOWN 03 3,330.00
100 CDSA Admin 10012202-80040 5008732 4/22/2026 BURKE, WILLIAMS &
SORENSEN, LLP
HSG SUC 02 8200-003 3,918.80
10012202-80040 7,248.80
100 Public Com 10012203-80030 20018582 4/20/2026 FISHER INTEGRATED INC WEBSTREAMING MAR26 (12-
MILE OUT)
2,300.00
10012203-80030 2,300.00
100 Legal Serv 10012204-80042 20018581 4/20/2026 MATTHEWS LAW GROUP, P.C.
Clements, Jason v. City of
Coronado (132a)
664.00
10012204-80042 664.00
100 City Clerk 10013000-80030 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC 01. LEGAL NOTICES 53.00 100 City Clerk 10013000-80030 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC 01. LEGAL NOTICES 202.00 100 City Clerk 10013000-80030 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC 01. LEGAL NOTICES 202.00
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 City Clerk 10013000-80030 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC 01. LEGAL NOTICES 202.00 100 City Clerk 10013000-80030 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC 01. LEGAL NOTICES 202.00 100 City Clerk 10013000-80030 5008743 4/22/2026 DOCUSIGN, INC. 05. DOCUSIGN 13,425.74 100 City Clerk 10013000-80030 20018670 4/22/2026 CORODATA RECORDS MANAGEMENT, INC.
07. OFFSITE RECORDS
STORAGE
259.15
10013000-80030 14,545.89
100 City Clerk 10013000-80210 20018583 4/20/2026 AT&T MOBILITY, LLC CITY CLERK 45.77 10013000-80210 45.77
100 City Clerk 10013000-80390 20018641 4/22/2026 CORODATA SHREDDING, INC
Shredding Services 89.68
10013000-80390 89.68
100 City Clerk 10013000-80650 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC 05. OTHER MISC SUPPLIES 292.47 10013000-80650 292.47
100 Finance Di 10014401-80030 20018621 4/22/2026 HDL COREN & CONE 09 PROP TAX JAN-MAR26 4,913.28 100 Finance Di 10014401-80030 20018628 4/22/2026 SECTRAN SECURITY INC. 01. Armored Car Service 512.11 10014401-80030 5,425.39
100 Finance Di 10014401-80055 20018611 4/22/2026 STATE CONTROLLERS OFFICE
Annual Street Report FY24/25 3,174.19
10014401-80055 3,174.19
100 Finance Di 10014401-80210 20018583 4/20/2026 AT&T MOBILITY, LLC ADMIN CELLULAR PHONES 181.05 10014401-80210 181.05
100 Finance Di 10014401-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CSMFO Conference 164.77
100 Finance Di 10014401-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CSMFO Conference 14.16
100 Finance Di 10014401-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CSMFO Conference 15.00
100 Finance Di 10014401-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CSMFO Conference 163.53
100 Finance Di 10014401-80340 20018712 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
Tyler Connect 2026 Conference 121.79
100 Finance Di 10014401-80340 20018716 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
TUITION
FY26 STUDENT LOAN
PREPAYMEN
2,000.00
10014401-80340 2,479.25
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Human Reso 10014402-80031 5008729 4/22/2026 KRONOS SAASHR INC 01 Kronos MAR26 1,310.52 10014402-80031 1,310.52
100 Human Reso 10014402-80055 20018616 4/22/2026 POSTAL ANNEX+ 05. PRE-EMPLOYMENT LIVE SCAN
35.00 100 Human Reso 10014402-80055 20018640 4/22/2026 SHARP REES STEALY
MEDICAL GROUP
07. EE Exams 3,356.00
10014402-80055 3,391.00
100 Human Reso 10014402-80210 20018614 4/22/2026 VERIZON WIRELESS HR PHONES 206.90 10014402-80210 206.90
100 Human Reso 10014402-80340 20018715 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
Tyler Connect 2026 Conference 1,260.11
100 Human Reso 10014402-80340 20018717 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
TUITION
FY26 STUDENT LOAN
PREPAYMEN
1,164.27
10014402-80340 2,424.38
100 Human Reso 10014402-80390 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
Job Advertisement 1,593.75
100 Human Reso 10014402-80390 20018641 4/22/2026 CORODATA SHREDDING, INC
Shredding Services 59.71
10014402-80390 1,653.46
100 Human Reso 10014402-80650 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
Supplies for job fair 75.41
100 Human Reso 10014402-80650 20018661 4/22/2026 ODP BUSINESS
SOLUTIONS, LLC
08. Office Supplies 37.48
10014402-80650 112.89
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80030 20018580 4/20/2026 OSTARI INC. CoC Supplemental IT Support Services Project
645.00
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80030 5008697 4/20/2026 RAMUNDSEN SUPERIOR
HOLDINGS
Public Administration Project
Management Services
900.00
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80030 5008697 4/20/2026 RAMUNDSEN SUPERIOR
HOLDINGS
Public Administration Project
Management Services
90.00 100 Systems Ad 10014403-80030 20018651 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
Internet Services APR26 730.00
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80030 20018652 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
Internet Circuit APR26 420.00
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80030 20018654 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
Fiber Internet 1,129.00
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80030 5008700 4/20/2026 MCCI, LLC Laserfiche Software Support Credit Proration
17,295.00
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
10014403-80030 21,209.00
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80055 5008695 4/20/2026 SOUTHLAND
TECHNOLOGY, INC
LIFEGUARD HEADQUARTERS
NETWORK CABLING
1,388.57
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80055 5008695 4/20/2026 SOUTHLAND
TECHNOLOGY, INC
CORONADO PUBLIC LIBRARY
NETWORK CABLING AND
ACCESS
2,244.37
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80055 5008719 4/22/2026 SOUTHLAND
TECHNOLOGY, INC
FY26 Supplemental IT Support
Services Agreement
477.86
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80055 5008719 4/22/2026 SOUTHLAND
TECHNOLOGY, INC
FY26 Supplemental IT Support
Services Agreement
1,782.03
10014403-80055 5,892.83
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80210 20018614 4/22/2026 VERIZON WIRELESS 08 AS IT PHONES 244.91 100 Systems Ad 10014403-80210 20018653 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
PEG NATIONAL FIBER 358.94
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80210 20018656 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
CITY HALL CABLE TV 143.89
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80210 20018583 4/20/2026 AT&T MOBILITY, LLC IT CELLULAR PHONES 257.00 10014403-80210 1,004.74
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80340 20018714 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
Tyler Connect 2026 Conference 284.80
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80340 20018708 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
Tyler Connect 2026 Conference 508.14
100 Systems Ad 10014403-80340 20018710 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
Tyler Connect 2026 Conference 223.80
10014403-80340 1,016.74
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018700 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND OVER PAYMENT 148.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018701 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND OVER PAYMENT 4.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018702 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND OVER PAYMENT 148.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018703 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND OVER PAYMENT 148.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018685 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 134123492 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018683 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 311127367 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018699 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 233130839 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018690 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 122124665 148.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018689 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 300123882 88.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018705 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 233129637 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018688 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 311127424 117.00
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018697 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 233132559 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018698 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 277123808 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018684 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 7145642 7.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018691 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 122124242 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018704 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 233132657 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018694 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 277124114 262.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018695 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 277123883 263.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018696 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 233132920 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018693 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 9144507 103.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018686 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 277123982 175.00
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018687 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 9141451 148.50
100 Police Dep 10021000-42006 20018692 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
PARKING CITES
CITE REFUND 7146051 10.00
10021000-42006 3,348.00
100 Police Adm 10021101-80030 20018603 4/22/2026 SAN DIEGO COUNTY
DISTRICT ATTORNEY
RCFL JAN - MAR 2026 2,242.00
100 Police Adm 10021101-80030 5008716 4/22/2026 DAY WIRELESS SYSTEMS (20)
HANDHELDS RADIOS APR 2026
#10
1,116.20
100 Police Adm 10021101-80030 5008716 4/22/2026 DAY WIRELESS SYSTEMS (20)
DISPATCH APR 2026 85.00
100 Police Adm 10021101-80030 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
RANGE FEES 52.50
100 Police Adm 10021101-80030 20018672 4/22/2026 VERSATERM PUBLIC SAFETY US, INC.
IA PRO/BLUE TEAM
SUBSCRIPTION FY26
11,760.00
10021101-80030 15,255.70
100 Police Adm 10021101-80055 20018579 4/20/2026 NET TRANSCRIPTS, INC. TRANSCRIPTION SVC 26-0219 576.60 10021101-80055 576.60
100 Police Adm 10021101-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 5,151.67 10021101-80100 5,151.67
100 Police Adm 10021101-80112 20018588 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (POLICE
ACCOUNT)
FIRE SPRINKLERS APR - MAY
2026
100.14
10021101-80112 100.14
100 Police Adm 10021101-80120 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
STAMPS.COM SUBSCRIPTION 30.99
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Police Adm 10021101-80120 20018641 4/22/2026 CORODATA SHREDDING, INC
SHRED SERVICE MARCH 2026 104.35
10021101-80120 135.34
100 Police Adm 10021101-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
01 POL RADIO 2,814.24
100 Police Adm 10021101-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
01 POL RADIO 1,525.62
10021101-80130 4,339.86
100 Police Adm 10021101-80210 5008726 4/22/2026 EQUIFAX INFORMATION
SERVICES LLC
CREDIT REPORTS MARCH 2026 25.16
100 Police Adm 10021101-80210 20018630 4/22/2026 AT&T U-VERSE VESTA APR - MAY 2026 116.99 100 Police Adm 10021101-80210 20018655 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
Monthly Service 487.41
10021101-80210 629.56
100 Police Adm 10021101-80250 5008702 4/22/2026 ACE UNIFORMS &
ACCESSORIES
RESERVE OFFICER UNIFORM -
FINICAL
368.49
100 Police Adm 10021101-80250 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
SVP MEETING SUPPLIES 40.00
100 Police Adm 10021101-80250 5008734 4/22/2026 CWA UNIFORMS INC RESERVE OFFICER FINICAL 95.89 100 Police Adm 10021101-80250 5008734 4/22/2026 CWA UNIFORMS INC SVP UNIF - J. MEYERS 28.00 100 Police Adm 10021101-80250 5008734 4/22/2026 CWA UNIFORMS INC SVP UNIF - M. BAILEY 45.00 10021101-80250 577.38
100 Police Adm 10021101-80300 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
STAMPS 200.00
10021101-80300 200.00
100 Police Adm 10021101-80330 20018608 4/22/2026 SAN DIEGO MIRAMAR
COLLEGE
TRAINING - ROT - STRANGE 23.00
10021101-80330 23.00
100 Police Adm 10021101-80340 20018627 4/22/2026 RAYNE DRINKING WATER APRIL 2026 145.50 10021101-80340 145.50
100 Police Adm 10021101-80520 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
BATTERIES FOR AR PATROL
RIFLES
53.31 100 Police Adm 10021101-80520 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
SIM TRAINING HELMET/MASKS 774.88
100 Police Adm 10021101-80520 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
BATTERIES FOR AR PATROL
RIFLES
80.57
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Police Adm 10021101-80520 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
SIM TRAINING HELMET/MASKS 193.72
100 Police Adm 10021101-80520 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
RANGE TARGETS 499.95
10021101-80520 1,602.43
100 Police Adm 10021101-80571 20018623 4/22/2026 WEX BANK FUEL MARCH 2026 1,658.06 100 Police Adm 10021101-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 13,136.15
10021101-80571 14,794.21
100 Police Adm 10021101-80575 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
SYMPATHY FLOWERS 94.87
10021101-80575 94.87
100 Police Adm 10021101-80590 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
OFFICE MAGNET/WHITE BOARD 193.04
100 Police Adm 10021101-80590 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
OFFICE SUPPLIES 52.88
100 Police Adm 10021101-80590 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
OFFICE SUPPLIES 69.96
10021101-80590 315.88
100 Police Adm 10021101-80610 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
P & E SUPPLIES 90.40
100 Police Adm 10021101-80610 20018625 4/22/2026 ARROWHEAD SCIENTIFIC, INC
P & E SUPPLIES 701.82
10021101-80610 792.22
100 Police Fie 10021102-80030 20018602 4/22/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO PARKING CITE COURT FEES MARCH 2026
13,188.75
10021102-80030 13,188.75
100 Police Fie 10021102-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CARWASH 19.99
100 Police Fie 10021102-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CARWASH 34.99
100 Police Fie 10021102-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CARWASH 34.99
100 Police Fie 10021102-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CARWASH 34.99
100 Police Fie 10021102-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CARWASH 34.99
100 Police Fie 10021102-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CARWASH 34.99
100 Police Fie 10021102-80130 20018677 4/22/2026 SUNROAD CV
MOTORCYCLES, LLC
MOTOR MAINT K75299 1,177.67
10021102-80130 1,372.61
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Police Fie 10021102-80600 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
RIDE TO LIVE GOOGLE
WORKSPACE
14.00 100 Police Fie 10021102-80600 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
RIDE TO LIVE GOOGLE CLOUD 24.43
10021102-80600 38.43
100 Police Fie 10021102-80650 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
TRAFFIC SUPPLIES 136.02
100 Police Fie 10021102-80650 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
TRAFFIC SUPPLIES 191.72
100 Police Fie 10021102-80650 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
TRAFFIC SUPPLIES 132.64
100 Police Fie 10021102-80650 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
WINDOW TINT TESTER 78.65
10021102-80650 539.03
100 Fire Servi 10025000-45020 20018706 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR -
AMBULANCE
CRD25000795-TIPPLE 384.47
10025000-45020 384.47
100 Fire Servi 10025501-70032 5008714 4/22/2026 ACE UNIFORMS, LLC. 01. MED DIR UNIF 156.24 10025501-70032 156.24
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80030 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
16 FIRE RADIO 2,226.50
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80030 5008729 4/22/2026 KRONOS SAASHR INC 01. 2/26 TS IVR 17.89 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80030 20018664 4/22/2026 AT&T MOBILITY, LLC 09. 3/26 SDFD DISPATCH PHONES
1,276.95
10025501-80030 3,521.34
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 736.74 10025501-80100 736.74
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80110 20018604 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(FIRE SRV
ACCOUNT)
01. 3/26 37 ELEC 2,137.25
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80110 20018604 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(FIRE SRV
ACCOUNT)
01. 3/26 CAYS M602 ELEC 0.21
10025501-80110 2,137.46
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80111 20018604 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(FIRE SRV
ACCOUNT)
01. 3/26 37 GAS 118.75
10025501-80111 118.75
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80112 20018591 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (FIRE
ACCOUNT)
01. 3/26 HQ H2O 431.37
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80112 20018591 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (FIRE
ACCOUNT)
01. 3/26 CAYS H2O 795.44
10025501-80112 1,226.81
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
18. TOW HITCH 78.66
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
18. U37 VEHICLE WASH 20.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80130 5008738 4/22/2026 SOCAL PPE, LLC 13. PPE CLEANING 1,966.22 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80130 5008738 4/22/2026 SOCAL PPE, LLC 13. PPE CLEANING 1,656.75 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80130 5008738 4/22/2026 SOCAL PPE, LLC 13. ANNUAL PPE CLEANING 790.22 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80130 5008738 4/22/2026 SOCAL PPE, LLC 13. ANNUAL PPE CLEANING 1,116.22 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80130 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
18. TRAILER HITCH 24.77
10025501-80130 5,652.84
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80210 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
00. 3/26 FD STARLINK SVC 50.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80210 20018656 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
Fire Cable – Cays Station – 1 TV 22.47
10025501-80210 72.47
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 36 0318 TOWEL MAT 102.94 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 36 0325 TOWEL MAT 102.94 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 36 0401 TOWEL MAT 102.94 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 36 0408 TOWEL MAT 102.94 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 37 0318 TOWEL MAT 78.28 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 37 0325 TOWEL MAT 78.28 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 37 0401 TOWEL MAT 78.28 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 37 0408 TOWEL MAT 78.28 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 36 0415 TOWEL MAT 102.94 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01. 37 0415 TOWEL MAT 78.28 10025501-80280 906.10
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 5008709 4/22/2026 SAN DIEGO COUNTY SHERIFF'S DEPT.
06. EVOC DRV
COURSE/CLASSROOM
4,176.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TESTING REFRESHMENTS 41.85
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. RISK ASSESSMENT
REFRESHMENTS
32.65 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. RTC ITEMS 140.66
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TESTING REFRESHMENTS 50.75
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TESTING REFRESHMENTS 12.40
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TESTING SUPPLIES 69.69
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TRAINING REFRESHMENTS 356.30
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 33.46
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 19.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 26.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 28.75
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 63.41
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 44.44
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 157.80
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 29.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 28.75
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 70.35
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 28.75
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 64.93
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. EVOC REFRESHMENTS 67.31
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
03. NFPA ANNUAL SUB 1,299.99
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: DINNER 70.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 22.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 23.53
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: DINNER 72.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: LODGING 312.23
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: LODGING 312.23
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: DINNER 85.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 66.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: DINNER 92.64
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 22.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 22.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 22.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 55.40
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: LUNCH 49.10
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: LODGING 771.96
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: LODGING 771.96
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: BREAKFAST 66.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
14. HEADSET REPAIR 35.25
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
11. (3) AIRFARE STATION
DESIGN CONF
920.40
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
11. STATION DESIGN CONF
LODGING
157.30
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
11. STATION DESIGN CONF
LODGING
157.30
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
11. STATION DESIGN CONF
LODGING
157.30
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
10. ST. PM RENEWAL JT 250.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
14. APPARATUS WATER 24.56
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
01. STATION DESIGN CONF
REG (JS, TP)
800.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
11. STATION DESIGN CONF
REG (RC, CA, CM, IM, JL)
2,000.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
11. STATION DESIGN CONF
REG (SS) *JE*
400.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
01. STATION DESIGN CONF
HOTEL (JS)
166.34
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
11. STATION DESIGN CONF
HOTEL (RC)
152.78
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
08. REFRESHMENTS 35.00
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018707 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
06. TOS FRESNO MILEAGE-AA 495.90
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80340 20018678 4/22/2026 FIREFIGHTER
INSPIRATION READINESS
06. LEADERSHIP TRNG FINAL 21,500.00
10025501-80340 36,930.42
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80571 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
03. TOS FRESNO: FUEL 83.34
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80571 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
06. TOS FRESNO: FUEL 44.16
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80571 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
03. FC FUEL (3) 99.66
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80571 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
03. FC FUEL (3) 96.55
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80571 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
03. FC FUEL (3) 110.98
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80571 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
03. FC FUEL (3) 118.97
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 8,870.33
10025501-80571 9,423.99
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80610 20018600 4/22/2026 LIFE ASSIST, INC. 01. EMS SUPPLIES 2,134.79 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80610 20018600 4/22/2026 LIFE ASSIST, INC. 01. EMS SUPPLIES 552.90 100 Fire Servi 10025501-80610 20018647 4/22/2026 NATIONWIDE MEDICAL
SURGICAL INC
01. EMS SUPPLIES 676.62
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80610 20018647 4/22/2026 NATIONWIDE MEDICAL
SURGICAL INC
01. EMS SUPPLIES 94.60
100 Fire Servi 10025501-80610 5008746 4/22/2026 BOUND TREE MEDICAL LLC
18. TRAILER HITCH 1,106.66
10025501-80610 4,565.57
100 Fire Servi 10025501-90040 20018669 4/22/2026 BAUER COMPRESSORS, INC.
04.-SCBA DECON ITEMS 1,995.53
10025501-90040 1,995.53
100 Disaster P 10025502-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
01. CESA EM EXAM 75.00
100 Disaster P 10025502-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CSEA CONFERENCE 774.00
10025502-80340 849.00
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-70032 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
01. SWIM FINS 630.37
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-70032 5008749 4/22/2026 O5 BNG LLC 01. LG MENS UNIF 592.66 100 Fire/Beach 10025503-70032 5008750 4/22/2026 O5 BNG LLC 01. LG MENS UNIF 398.76 10025503-70032 1,621.79
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 1,443.32 10025503-80100 1,443.32
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
03 LG RADIO 488.00
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
01. GUARDIAN ENGINE MAINT 968.17
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80130 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
01. GUARDIAN ENGINE SVC 1,073.15
10025503-80130 2,529.32
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80210 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
00. 3/26 LG STARLINK SVC 50.00
10025503-80210 50.00
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 02. LG 0318 TOWEL MAT 68.47 100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 02. LG 0325 TOWEL MAT 68.47 100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 02. LG 0401 TOWEL MAT 68.47 100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 02. LG 0408 TOWEL MAT 68.47 100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 02. LG 0415 TOWEL MAT 68.47 10025503-80280 342.35
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
05. TOS FLIGHT PARKER 181.79
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
05. TOS LODGING
PARKER/LOWE
586.22
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
05. DRIVER INST TRAINING 2,139.00
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
05. CSLSA REGISTRATION 130.00
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80340 20018713 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
05. TOS FRESNO
TRANSPORTATION
64.49 100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80340 20018709 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
02. LG ACADEMY REIMB 163.00
10025503-80340 3,264.50
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 3,642.61
10025503-80571 3,642.61
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80650 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
02. WATERPROOF BAGS 236.83
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-80650 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
05. CO. PROTOCOL BOOKS 189.64
10025503-80650 426.47
100 Fire/Beach 10025503-90030 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
01. WEIGHTS 141.40
10025503-90030 141.40
100 PS Admin 10030001-80030 5008699 4/20/2026 PLANETBIDS, LLC 01 SUBSCRIPTION FEE FOR 2026
7,598.69
10030001-80030 7,598.69
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 PS Admin 10030001-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 246.75 10030001-80100 246.75
100 PS Admin 10030001-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
10030001-80130 30.50
100 PS Admin 10030001-80210 5008727 4/22/2026 SATCOM GLOBAL, INC .01 TELEPHONE
COMMUNICATIONS
57.21 100 PS Admin 10030001-80210 20018656 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
PUBLIC SRVICES CABLE TV 22.47
10030001-80210 79.68
100 PS Admin 10030001-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 123.32
10030001-80571 123.32
100 PS Admin 10030001-80600 20018624 4/22/2026 TERRA BELLA NURSERY, INC
04 FLOWER GAZEBO SPRECK
PARK
460.59
100 PS Admin 10030001-80600 20018624 4/22/2026 TERRA BELLA NURSERY, INC
04 FLOWER HANGING POTS
ARBOR DAY
161.52
100 PS Admin 10030001-80600 20018659 4/22/2026 T'S & SIGNS INC. 01 CERTIFICATES 440.44 100 PS Admin 10030001-80600 20018673 4/22/2026 DEVIL MOUNTAIN
WHOLESALE NURSERY
LLC.
04 TREES - ARBOR DAY 1,759.36
10030001-80600 2,821.91
100 PS Admin 10030001-80650 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 00 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 14.96 100 PS Admin 10030001-80650 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 00 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 14.96 100 PS Admin 10030001-80650 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 00 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 14.96 100 PS Admin 10030001-80650 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC .04 ADVERTISING PUBLIC NOTICE
74.20 100 PS Admin 10030001-80650 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC ADVERTISING PUBLIC NOTICE 74.20 10030001-80650 193.28
100 Streets Di 10030002-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 9.52 100 Streets Di 10030002-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 9.52 100 Streets Di 10030002-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 9.52 100 Streets Di 10030002-80030 20018645 4/22/2026 SOLID PROPERTY
SERVICES INC
01 MTS PWR WASH APR 2026 8,390.52
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Streets Di 10030002-80030 20018645 4/22/2026 SOLID PROPERTY
SERVICES INC
01 POWER WASH APR 2026 12,274.64
10030002-80030 20,693.72
100 Streets Di 10030002-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 434.10 10030002-80100 434.10
100 Streets Di 10030002-80110 20018606 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(PUBLIC
SERVICES ACCT)
01 ELEC 2/27-3/27/26 7,920.19
10030002-80110 7,920.19
100 Streets Di 10030002-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
10030002-80130 30.50
100 Streets Di 10030002-80133 20018592 4/22/2026 CALMAT CO. 01 CONCRETE 570.79 100 Streets Di 10030002-80133 20018592 4/22/2026 CALMAT CO. 01 ASPHALT 1,161.43 100 Streets Di 10030002-80133 20018592 4/22/2026 CALMAT CO. 01 ASPHALT 624.63 10030002-80133 2,356.85
100 Streets Di 10030002-80135 5008710 4/22/2026 UNDERGROUND SERVICE
ALERT OF
03 DIG ALERT 128.25
100 Streets Di 10030002-80135 5008710 4/22/2026 UNDERGROUND SERVICE
ALERT OF
03 DIG ALERT 42.41
100 Streets Di 10030002-80135 20018622 4/22/2026 COAST INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS, INC.
01 PAINT SUPPLIES 496.51
10030002-80135 667.17
100 Streets Di 10030002-80210 20018583 4/20/2026 AT&T MOBILITY, LLC PUBLIC SERVICES CELLULAR PHONES
75.58 10030002-80210 75.58
100 Streets Di 10030002-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 7.67 100 Streets Di 10030002-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 7.67 100 Streets Di 10030002-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS APR 26 7.67 10030002-80280 23.01
100 Streets Di 10030002-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 2,344.79
10030002-80571 2,344.79
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Streets Di 10030002-80580 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 02 EPOXY SUPPLIES 25.15 100 Streets Di 10030002-80580 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 02 HAND TOOLS 820.52 100 Streets Di 10030002-80580 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 02 CONCRETE SUPPLIES 193.82 100 Streets Di 10030002-80580 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 02 SIDEWALK REPAIRS 96.55 100 Streets Di 10030002-80580 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 02 TOOL BOX ORGANIZER 53.88 100 Streets Di 10030002-80580 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 02 CONCRETE SUPPLIES 285.84 100 Streets Di 10030002-80580 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. -94.29 10030002-80580 1,381.47
100 Streets Di 10030002-80650 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 04 LOCKERS 1,742.51 100 Streets Di 10030002-80650 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 04 STAINLESS TABLE COVER 108.95 100 Streets Di 10030002-80650 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 04 STAINLESS CORNERS 301.68 100 Streets Di 10030002-80650 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 04 PAINT ROOM LOCKERS 7,967.29 100 Streets Di 10030002-80650 5008717 4/22/2026 MIDWEST MOTOR SUPPLY CO. INC.,
04 SUPPLIES 2,703.87
10030002-80650 12,824.30
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 25.85 100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 25.85 100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 25.85 100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 5008712 4/22/2026 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC.
03 ORANGE AVE MEDIANS 3/9-
3/12/26
5,800.00
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 5008712 4/22/2026 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC.
03 AS NEEDED ARBORIST SVCS
3/1-3/15/26
1,104.00
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 5008712 4/22/2026 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC.
03 TREE MAINT 3/1-3/15/26 38,073.00
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 5008712 4/22/2026 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC.
03 CITYWIDE PLANT HEALTH
CARE 2/2-3/9/26
17,250.00
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 20018644 4/22/2026 ANDRE LANDSCAPE
SERVICE
01 MAINT SVCS APR 2026 74,350.00
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80030 20018660 4/22/2026 FOUR POINTS PEST MANAGEMENT, INC.
02 PEST CONTROL 810 10TH 345.00
10030003-80030 136,999.55
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 5,076.04 10030003-80100 5,076.04
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80110 20018606 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(PUBLIC
SERVICES ACCT)
01 1050 ORANGE AVE 1,440.98
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80110 20018606 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(PUBLIC
SERVICES ACCT)
01 ELEC 2/27-3/27/26 178.31
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
10030003-80110 1,619.29
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
10030003-80130 30.50
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80135 20018593 4/22/2026 CORONADO LOCK AND KEY
00 PADLOCKS 213.35
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80135 20018596 4/22/2026 EWING IRRIGATION
PRODUCTS INC
.01 IRRIGATION VALVE BOXES 297.16
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80135 5008715 4/22/2026 W.W. GRAINGER, INC 00 PARKS FLUSH VALVES 339.91 100 Parks Divi 10030003-80135 20018624 4/22/2026 TERRA BELLA NURSERY, INC
R&M OUTSIDE - BARK FOR CITY
HALL
775.63
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80135 20018624 4/22/2026 TERRA BELLA NURSERY, INC
00 BARK CITY HALL 775.63
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80135 20018638 4/22/2026 SITEONE LANDSCAPE
SUPPLY HOLDING
01 IRR REPLACE CONTROLLER 231.30
10030003-80135 2,632.98
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 14.72 100 Parks Divi 10030003-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 14.72 100 Parks Divi 10030003-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS APR 26 14.72 10030003-80280 44.16
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 2,579.42
10030003-80571 2,579.42
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80575 20018596 4/22/2026 EWING IRRIGATION
PRODUCTS INC
01 FERTILIER ORANGE AVE
MEDIANS
229.06
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80575 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 02 TURF SEEDS 299.48 100 Parks Divi 10030003-80575 20018638 4/22/2026 SITEONE LANDSCAPE
SUPPLY HOLDING
02 SOD SPRECK PARK 582.80
10030003-80575 1,111.34
100 Parks Divi 10030003-80585 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 01 WHEEL BARREL TIRE 62.47 10030003-80585 62.47
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 17.69 100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 17.69 100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 17.69
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80030 20018586 4/22/2026 ASBURY
ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
01 USED ANTI-FREEZE 8.00
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80030 20018629 4/22/2026 CARLOS MELENDREZ 01 UNIT #14-1005
UNDERCOATING
1,850.00
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80030 20018665 4/22/2026 VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC.
11 GPS MAR 2026 732.90
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80030 20018679 4/22/2026 ORW USA, INC. 02 UNIT #5306 WHEELS
UPGRADE
4,343.46
10030004-80030 6,987.43
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 171.76 10030004-80100 171.76
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 5008704 4/22/2026 ARIZONA MACHINERY LLC
06 UNIT #14-949 BEACH JOHN
DEER
1,526.72
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 5008705 4/22/2026 HAAKER EQUIPMENT
COMPANY,INC
06 UNIT #19-950 BRUSHES &
FILTERS
1,725.24
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 06 TOOLS AND SUPPLIES FLEET
5,614.29
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 06 TOOLS AND SUPPLIES FLEET
729.28
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 20018612 4/22/2026 SAN DIEGO FRICTION PRODUCTS, INC.
06 HITCH & MOUNTS 343.43
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 5008725 4/22/2026 PERRY OF NATIONAL CITY
02 UNIT #2-840 TPMS SENSORS 327.38
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC 06 RHINO INDUSTRIAL VINYL LABELS
353.17
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80130 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC 06 GATE HINGES TRAILER 145.72 10030004-80130 10,795.73
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 41.51 100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 41.51 100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS APR 26 41.51 10030004-80280 124.53
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80340 20018711 4/22/2026 ONE-TIME VENDOR - EE REIMB
03 ADV M&IE PAYMENT 559.00
10030004-80340 559.00
100 Fleet Divi 10030004-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 233.36
10030004-80571 233.36
100 Facilities 10030005-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 12.24
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Facilities 10030005-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 12.24 100 Facilities 10030005-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 12.24 100 Facilities 10030005-80030 5008736 4/22/2026 MERJAN ENTERPRISES INC
11 PM SVC APR 26 5,899.73
100 Facilities 10030005-80030 20018671 4/22/2026 COASTLINE PAINTING &
DECORATING
19 PROGRESS PAYMENT 25-
PO-FAC-1007-3
26,525.00
100 Facilities 10030005-80030 5008752 4/22/2026 SHORELINE CPM INC. PROJ MANAGEMENT SVCS; 25- SHO-002; MARCH 2026
3,210.00
10030005-80030 35,671.45
100 Facilities 10030005-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 259.07 10030005-80100 259.07
100 Facilities 10030005-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
10030005-80130 30.50
100 Facilities 10030005-80132 20018680 4/22/2026 RYAN A. GRADY 01 E.V. CHARGER @ CITY HALL 4,856.86 10030005-80132 4,856.86
100 Facilities 10030005-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 4.06 100 Facilities 10030005-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 4.06 100 Facilities 10030005-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS APR 26 4.06 10030005-80280 12.18
100 Facilities 10030005-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 1,421.08
10030005-80571 1,421.08
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 9.55 100 Beach Divi 10030006-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 9.55 100 Beach Divi 10030006-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 9.55 10030006-80030 28.65
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 3,220.59 10030006-80100 3,220.59
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80110 20018606 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(PUBLIC
SERVICES ACCT)
01 ELEC 2/27-3/27/26 174.61
10030006-80110 174.61
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
10030006-80130 30.50
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80135 20018663 4/22/2026 ECOLOGY DRUMS & TOTES
02 TRASH CAN REPLACEMENT 1,387.65
10030006-80135 1,387.65
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 1.94 100 Beach Divi 10030006-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 1.94 100 Beach Divi 10030006-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS APR 26 1.94 10030006-80280 5.82
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80571 20018633 4/22/2026 O'REILLY AUTO PARTS .01 EQUIPMENT PARTS
CLEANER
90.25 100 Beach Divi 10030006-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 4,109.09
10030006-80571 4,199.34
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80575 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 00 KIOSK REPAIRS 44.20 10030006-80575 44.20
100 Beach Divi 10030006-80650 20018598 4/22/2026 CITIBANK, N.A. 05 SHOP LIGHT SUPPIES 198.09 100 Beach Divi 10030006-80650 5008722 4/22/2026 MOMAR, INC 05 TRASH BAGS 446.26 100 Beach Divi 10030006-80650 5008722 4/22/2026 MOMAR, INC 05 PAPER TOWELS 267.66 10030006-80650 912.01
100 Engineerin 10030007-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 164.90
10030007-80571 164.90
100 Engineerin 10030007-80650 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC ADVERTISING PUBLIC NOTICE 37.10 100 Engineerin 10030007-80650 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC ADVERTISING PUBLIC NOTICE 127.30 100 Engineerin 10030007-80650 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC .06 SUPPLIES FOR BRING
CHILD TO WORK DAY
10.66 100 Engineerin 10030007-80650 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC .06 OFFICE SUPPLIES 44.39 100 Engineerin 10030007-80650 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC SUPPLIES 37.61 10030007-80650 257.06
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Library De 10050000-80030 5008707 4/22/2026 3M LIBRARY SYSTEMS 12 SELF-CHECK ANNUAL
SERVICE
14,700.04
10050000-80030 14,700.04
100 Library De 10050000-80056 20018682 4/22/2026 MARK MONTIJO 01 MONTIJO CONCERT - MAY 15 400.00
10050000-80056 400.00
100 Library De 10050000-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 7,488.51 10050000-80100 7,488.51
100 Library De 10050000-80110 20018605 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(LIBRARY ACCT) 01 GAS 2/13-3/16 872.03 10050000-80110 872.03
100 Library De 10050000-80210 20018614 4/22/2026 VERIZON WIRELESS 01 LIBRARY PHONES 41.38 100 Library De 10050000-80210 20018656 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
LIBRARY CABLE TV 96.28
10050000-80210 137.66
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018587 4/22/2026 A M BEST CO, INC 01 REFERENCE BOOKS 81.89 100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 174.48
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 TEEN BOOKS 14.86
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 162.30
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 33.10
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 58.05
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 298.16
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 TEEN BOOKS 11.63
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV BOOKS 26.08
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 498.43
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 42.46
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 104.13
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV BOOKS 12.28
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 260.21
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 107.90
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV BOOKS 19.98
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 374.87
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 50.71
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV BOOKS 59.66
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 373.65
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 54.33
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV BOOKS 176.82
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 67.17
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUVENILE BOOKS 38.07
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 32.55
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 96.27
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 86.65
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 408.50
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 33.67
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 307.02
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 1,177.87
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV BOOKS 26.08
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
02 GEN BOOKS 191.31
100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018599 4/22/2026 INGRAM LIBRARY
SERVICES
03 JUV/TEEN BOOKS 416.95
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008708 4/22/2026 OCLC, INC (SERVICES) 07 E-COLLECTION 2,729.15 100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008708 4/22/2026 OCLC, INC (SERVICES) 07 E-COLLECTION 1,741.05 100 Library De 10050000-80510 20018619 4/22/2026 CENTER POINT LARGE PRINT
02 GEN BOOKS 220.84
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008724 4/22/2026 MIDWEST TAPE 08 DVD'S 482.73 100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008724 4/22/2026 MIDWEST TAPE 06 AUDIOBOOKS 175.98 100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008730 4/22/2026 CENGAGE LEARNING, INC.
02 GEN BOOKS 30.70
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008730 4/22/2026 CENGAGE LEARNING, INC.
02 GEN BOOKS 30.70
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008730 4/22/2026 CENGAGE LEARNING, INC.
02 GEN BOOKS 60.59
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008730 4/22/2026 CENGAGE LEARNING, INC.
02 GEN BOOKS 63.82
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008730 4/22/2026 CENGAGE LEARNING, INC.
02 GEN BOOKS 94.52
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008730 4/22/2026 CENGAGE LEARNING, INC.
02 GEN BOOKS 32.76
100 Library De 10050000-80510 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
03 JUV BOOKS 473.39
10050000-80510 12,014.32
100 Library De 10050000-80580 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 LIBRARY SUPPLIES 36.78
100 Library De 10050000-80580 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 LIBRARY SUPPLIES 20.84
10050000-80580 57.62
100 Library De 10050000-80595 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 PROGRAM SUPPLIES 83.68
100 Library De 10050000-80595 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 PROGRAM SUPPLIES 212.50
100 Library De 10050000-80595 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 PROGRAM SUPPLIES 350.47
100 Library De 10050000-80595 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 PROGRAM SUPPLIES 56.40
100 Library De 10050000-80595 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 PROGRAM SUPPLIES 17.22
10050000-80595 720.27
100 Library De 10050000-80630 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MAT SERVICE 104.38 100 Library De 10050000-80630 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MAT SERVICE 109.83 100 Library De 10050000-80630 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 CLEANING SUPPLIES 58.63
10050000-80630 272.84
100 Library De 10050000-80650 5008740 4/22/2026 AMAZON CAPITAL
SERVICES INC
01 EXHIBIT ITEMS 52.80
100 Library De 10050000-80650 20018661 4/22/2026 ODP BUSINESS
SOLUTIONS, LLC
08 OFFICE SUPPLIES 135.45
10050000-80650 188.25
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20020 800002 4/13/2026 INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 288,845.38
101-20020 288,845.38
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20030 800001 4/13/2026 EMPLOYMENT
DEVELOPMENT DEPT
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 54,816.22
101-20030 54,816.22
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20080 40000000 4/16/2026 CALPERS LONG-TERM
CARE PROGRAM
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 417.54
101-20080 417.54
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000000 4/16/2026 CORONADO POLICE OFFICERS' ASSN.
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 4,163.75
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000001 4/16/2026 MISSIONSQUARE-#300831 457 (ICMA)
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 51,004.47
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000002 4/16/2026 CORONADO
FIREFIGHTERS' ASSN.
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 2,660.65
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000003 4/16/2026 AFSCME DISTRICT COUNCIL 36
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 522.50
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000004 4/16/2026 EMPLOYEE SUNSHINE FUND
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 130.00
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 800003 4/13/2026 CALIFORNIA DEPT OF
CHILD SUPPORT
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 481.84
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000005 4/16/2026 MISSIONSQUARE-#803434
RHS (ICMA)
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 1,854.52
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000007 4/16/2026 TOTAL ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICES CORP
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 5,076.37
101 PAYROLL FU 101-20090 3000008 4/16/2026 MISSIONSQUARE-#705950
IRA-ROTH (ICMA)
Payroll Run 1 - Warrant 260403 1,107.61
101-20090 67,001.71
102 Non-Depart 10210000-80030 20018639 4/22/2026 GEORGE HILLS
COMPANY INC
Claims Mgmt Apr 2026 100.84
102 Non-Depart 10210000-80030 20018639 4/22/2026 GEORGE HILLS
COMPANY INC
Administration Fee FY26 989.18
10210000-80030 1,090.02
102 Non-Depart 10210000-80265 20018613 4/22/2026 ALLIANT INSURANCE SERVICES, INC.
05 FAC RENTAL Q4 2025/
PUBLIC LIABILITY INS
9,150.00
10210000-80265 9,150.00
102 Non-Depart 10210000-80340 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
CSMFO Conference 152.78
10210000-80340 152.78
103 Employee B 103-14100 3000006 4/16/2026 BENEFIT & RISK
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
APR Benefits - BRMS 56,658.29
103-14100 56,658.29
103 Non-Depart 10310000-70036 5008735 4/22/2026 PEAK 1 ADMINISTRATION LLC
FSA/HRA Combination Fee 831.90
10310000-70036 831.90
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
108 Citizens' 10852000-80760 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
DEPT LUNCHEON SUPPLIES 33.44
108 Citizens' 10852000-80760 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
DEPT LUNCHEON SUPPLIES 48.49
108 Citizens' 10852000-80760 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
DEPT LUNCHEON SUPPLIES 11.37
10852000-80760 93.30
130 Public Ser 13030000-80030 20018642 4/22/2026 PATRIOT
ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES, INC.
04 HOMELESS ENCAMPMENT
CLEAN UP AND DISINFECT
AREA
8,188.03
13030000-80030 8,188.03
130 Public Ser 13030000-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
13030000-80130 30.50
130 Public Ser 13030000-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 767.73
13030000-80571 767.73
135 Public Ser 13530000-90080 5008706 4/22/2026 HAWTHORNE
MACHINERY
12 CAT LOADER FEB 26 10,249.18
135 Public Ser 13530000-90080 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
18. WAVERUNNER EQUIP 3,149.09
135 Public Ser 13530000-90080 20018618 4/22/2026 US BANK (IMPAC GOVT
SRVCS/CAL-CARD
18. INFT COLLAR LG
WAVERUNNER
2,665.11
13530000-90080 16,063.38
137 Non-Depart 13710000-90080 5008739 4/22/2026 AIS - ADVANCED IMAGING
STRATEGIES
New Printers (2) 2,888.57
13710000-90080 2,888.57
160 Recreation 160-20190 20018620 4/22/2026 ELITE SHOW SERVICES INC
01 SECURITY @ CORONADO
COMMUNITY CENTER
945.81
160-20190 945.81
160 Recreation 16051101-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 855.01 16051101-80100 855.01
160 Recreation 16051101-80112 20018589 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (RECREATION ACCOUNT)
01 1501 GLORIETTA BLVD
02/27/26 - 03/30/26
215.22
160 Recreation 16051101-80112 20018589 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (RECREATION ACCOUNT)
04 1971 STRAND WY 02/27/26 -
03/30/26
488.20
160 Recreation 16051101-80112 20018589 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (RECREATION ACCOUNT)
03 1845 STRAND WY 02/27/26 -
03/30/26
931.31
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
160 Recreation 16051101-80112 20018589 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (RECREATION ACCOUNT)
06 1985 STRAND WY 02/27/26 -
03/30/26
336.68
160 Recreation 16051101-80112 20018589 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (RECREATION ACCOUNT)
05 1845 STRAND WY C 02/27/26
- 03/30/26
4,518.04
160 Recreation 16051101-80112 20018589 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (RECREATION ACCOUNT)
01 1335 GLORIETTA 02/27/26 -
03/30/26
102.35
160 Recreation 16051101-80112 20018589 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (RECREATION ACCOUNT)
05 1845 STRAND WY D 02/27/26
- 03/30/26
486.93
16051101-80112 7,078.73
160 Recreation 16051101-80210 20018656 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
REC CABLE TV 161.65
16051101-80210 161.65
160 Recreation 16051101-80350 20018595 4/22/2026 EAGLE NEWSPAPER LLC 01 E&J MARCH 417.00 16051101-80350 417.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80030 5008703 4/22/2026 M B OLIVER, INC 07 RODENT CONTROL @
COMMUNITY CENTER
40.00 160 Recreation 16051102-80030 20018646 4/22/2026 KILGORE FITNESS
SERVICES LLC
03 FITNESS QUARTERLY
MAINTENANCE SERVICE
205.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80030 20018657 4/22/2026 LIQUID ENVIRONMENTAL
SOLUTIONS
04 GREASE TRAP SERVICES 565.05
160 Recreation 16051102-80030 20018666 4/22/2026 SAN DIEGO REFRIGERATION INC.
04 ROOF TOP COMPRESOR
REPAIR SERVICES
215.78
16051102-80030 1,025.83
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018635 4/22/2026 SUSAN LOCKHART 03 BABYSITTER TRAINING 04/02/26
1,050.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
03 LILO & STITCH 01/28/26 -
03/11/26
805.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
03 LILO & STITCH 01/28/26 -
03/11/26
700.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
02 COOKING ACADEMY 03/02/26
- 04/06/26
266.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
02 TODDLER BALLET SESSION
B 03/03/26 - 04/07/26
192.50
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
01 PARENT & ME CREATIONS B
03/03/26 - 04/09/26
462.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
03 JR. HIP HOP B 03/04/26 -
04/08/26
77.00 160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
02 DANCE & TUMBLE SESSION
B 03/05/26 - 04/09/26
346.50
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
02 LEARNING ADVENTURE B
03/05/26 - 04/09/26
346.50
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
02 TUMBLING/ACROB SESSION
B 03/05/26 - 04/09/26
423.50
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
01 DANCE & TUMBLE 03/05/26 -
04/09/26
438.90
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
02 BALLET/TAP SESSION B
03/05/26 - 04/09/26
231.00
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
03 DANCE & TUMBLE SESSION
B 03/05/26 - 04/09/26
154.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 20018662 4/22/2026 CHARLENE MAGEE
DONOVAN
03 TUMBLING/ACROB SESSION
B 03/05/26 - 04/09/26
115.50
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 5008747 4/22/2026 CORONADO JUNIOR
ARTS LEAGUE
03 JUNGLE BOOK 02/25/26 -
05/22/26 - 1/2 PAYMENT
6,825.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80056 5008755 4/22/2026 CASSANDRA O'HANLON 03 TERRIBLE ORCHESTA B 03/04/26 - 04/08/26
1,568.00
16051102-80056 14,001.40
160 Recreation 16051102-80100 5008720 4/22/2026 CARLOS JANITORIAL
SERVICE
03 JANITORIAL SERVICES 900.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 9,040.17 16051102-80100 9,940.17
160 Recreation 16051102-80134 20018631 4/22/2026 EXTRACTOR
CORPORATION
02 SWIMSUIT WATER
EXTRACTOR
1,575.00
16051102-80134 1,575.00
160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018601 4/22/2026 ALBERTSONS, LLC. 07 ADULT PROGRAM SUPPLIES 43.91 160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018601 4/22/2026 ALBERTSONS, LLC. 01 AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAM
SUPPLIES
4.79 160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018601 4/22/2026 ALBERTSONS, LLC. 07 ADULT PROGRAM SUPPLIES 56.83 160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018601 4/22/2026 ALBERTSONS, LLC. 07 ADULT PROGRAM SUPPLIES 16.26 160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018601 4/22/2026 ALBERTSONS, LLC. 07 ADULT PROGRAM SUPPLIES 61.55 160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018601 4/22/2026 ALBERTSONS, LLC. 07 ADULT PROGRAM SUPPLIES 61.55 160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018626 4/22/2026 SMART N FINAL 07 ADULT PROGRAM SUPPLIES 47.56 160 Recreation 16051102-80595 20018626 4/22/2026 SMART N FINAL 01 AFTER SCHOOL / YOUTH
PROGRAMS SUPPLIES
221.13
16051102-80595 513.58
160 Recreation 16051102-80630 5008711 4/22/2026 WAXIE SANITARY SUPPLY,INC.
02 JANITORIAL SUPPLIES 282.02
16051102-80630 282.02
160 Recreation 16051103-80056 5008754 4/22/2026 JENNIFER BUTLER 01 FLOATING EXPERIENCE 04/12/26
455.00
16051103-80056 455.00
160 Recreation 16051103-80130 20018676 4/22/2026 WATERLINE
TECHNOLOGIES, INC
01 (2) VFD'S FOR POOL /
REPLACEMENT & INTALLATION
24,685.27
160 Recreation 16051103-80130 20018676 4/22/2026 WATERLINE
TECHNOLOGIES, INC
01 (2) VFD REPLACEMENT &
INSTALLATION
18,770.13
16051103-80130 43,455.40
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
160 Recreation 16051103-80605 5008718 4/22/2026 WESTAIR GASES & EQUIPMENT, INC.
01 CARBON DIOXIDE / WATER
PURIFICATION AGENTS
2,249.22
160 Recreation 16051103-80605 5008718 4/22/2026 WESTAIR GASES & EQUIPMENT, INC.
01 CARBON DIOXIDE / WATER
PURIFICATION AGENTS
1,418.29
160 Recreation 16051103-80605 5008718 4/22/2026 WESTAIR GASES & EQUIPMENT, INC.
01 CREDIT MEMO -1,312.03
160 Recreation 16051103-80605 5008718 4/22/2026 WESTAIR GASES & EQUIPMENT, INC.
01 CREDIT MEMO -589.53
160 Recreation 16051103-80605 5008742 4/22/2026 HASA INC. 01 MURIATIC ACID / WATER
PURIFICATION AGENTS
455.85
16051103-80605 2,221.80
160 Recreation 16051107-80030 20018657 4/22/2026 LIQUID ENVIRONMENTAL
SOLUTIONS
03 GREASE TRAP SERVICE 565.05
16051107-80030 565.05
160 Recreation 16051107-80056 20018594 4/22/2026 CORONADO SENIOR
ASSOCIATION
01 CSA LINCHEON
REIMBURSEMENT APRIL 2026
435.00
160 Recreation 16051107-80056 20018658 4/22/2026 MARGARET STARK 01 ZUMBA GOLD 03/03/26 - 03/31/26
508.90
160 Recreation 16051107-80056 20018658 4/22/2026 MARGARET STARK 01 ZUMBA GOLD 03/07/26 - 03/21/26
206.50
160 Recreation 16051107-80056 20018658 4/22/2026 MARGARET STARK 01 ZUMBA GOLD 03/03/26 - 03/31/26
180.60
160 Recreation 16051107-80056 20018667 4/22/2026 VANESSA LEE WILLIAMS 01 BALLROOM & SWING 03/04/26 - 03/25/26
348.60
16051107-80056 1,679.60
160 Recreation 16051107-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 4,662.06 16051107-80100 4,662.06
160 Recreation 16051107-80650 20018626 4/22/2026 SMART N FINAL 01 MISC SUPPLIES 99.58 16051107-80650 99.58
160 Recreation 16051107-90040 20018681 4/22/2026 MARY EAST 01 MOVING FURNITURE
SERVICES FEE
250.00
16051107-90040 250.00
160 Recreation 16051108-80056 5008745 4/22/2026 ANDREW HOMER MARCHI
BARBOSA
04 SPRING SKATE CAMP
03/30/26 -04/03/26
875.00
160 Recreation 16051108-80056 5008745 4/22/2026 ANDREW HOMER MARCHI
BARBOSA
04 SPRING SKATE CAMP
02/02/26 -02/23/26
157.50
160 Recreation 16051108-80056 5008745 4/22/2026 ANDREW HOMER MARCHI
BARBOSA
04 SPRING SKATE CAMP
02/02/26 -02/23/26
105.00
16051108-80056 1,137.50
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
160 Recreation 16051108-80132 20018593 4/22/2026 CORONADO LOCK AND KEY
01 OFFICE KEYS FOR NICK P. 7.54
16051108-80132 7.54
180 Planning D 18040101-80041 5008696 4/20/2026 BURKE, WILLIAMS &
SORENSEN, LLP
REAL PROP NEG 02 0003.002 2,522.00
18040101-80041 2,522.00
180 Planning D 18040101-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 45.99
18040101-80571 45.99
180 Building D 18040102-80210 20018614 4/22/2026 VERIZON WIRELESS 01 COMM DEV BLDG PHNS 203.53 180 Building D 18040102-80210 20018583 4/20/2026 AT&T MOBILITY, LLC COMM. DEV/BUILDING 43.49 18040102-80210 247.02
180 Building D 18040102-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 183.95
18040102-80571 183.95
201 Highway Us 20132000-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 5.44 201 Highway Us 20132000-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 5.44 201 Highway Us 20132000-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 5.44 20132000-80030 16.32
201 Highway Us 20132000-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 10.36 201 Highway Us 20132000-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 10.36 201 Highway Us 20132000-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS APR 26 10.36 20132000-80280 31.08
266 Aff Hsg Mg 26641901-80055 20018648 4/22/2026 RSG, INC FY22 thru FY25 SB 341 Reports 6,891.25 26641901-80055 6,891.25
400 Capital Pr 40070000-97630 5008741 4/22/2026 MICHAEL BAKER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
ADELLA / YNEZ
UNDERGROUNDING;
DECEMBER 2025
3,850.00
40070000-97630 3,850.00
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
400 Capital Pr 40070000-98987 20018584 4/20/2026 OCMI, INC 26-OCM-002;PROJ MGMT; MARCH 2026
2,520.00
40070000-98987 2,520.00
610 W/W Projec 61071000-97220 5008698 4/20/2026 JENNETTE COMPANY, INC
JENNETTE CO (POINT); 19-COES-648; FINAL50,986.09
61071000-97220 50,986.09
610 W/W Projec 61071000-98987 5008741 4/22/2026 MICHAEL BAKER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
26-MBI-015; ENG SVCS;MARCH
2026
60,652.71
61071000-98987 60,652.71
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 40.81 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS MAR 26 40.81 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 MATS/TOWELS APR 26 40.81 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 20018610 4/22/2026 SLOAN ELECTRIC
CORPORATON
15 PUMP 6,149.22
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 PS 307B BIOX 3/9/26 1,473.70 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 PS B BIOX 3/9/26 1,846.82 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 CSTL CAMPUS BIOX 3/9/26 1,585.47 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 CAYS PS BIOXIDE 3/9/26 4,844.39 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 CAYS PS BIOXDE 12/1/25 2,301.48 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 CAYS PS BIOXDE 12/19/25 2,743.59 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 CAY PS BIOXIDE 11/26/25 3,126.12 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008737 4/22/2026 EWT HOLDINGS III CORP 13 CAY PS BIOXIDE 11/20/25 3,217.05 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008741 4/22/2026 MICHAEL BAKER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
26-MBI-010-B;DESIGN; FEB 2026 9,162.50
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008741 4/22/2026 MICHAEL BAKER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
26-MBI-010-B;DESIGN; MARCH
2026
5,345.00
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80030 5008748 4/22/2026 MIKHAIL OGAWA ENGINEERING INC.
WW PROGRAM SUPPORT SVCS 33,999.81
61081000-80030 75,917.58
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 402.89 61081000-80100 402.89
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80110 20018606 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(PUBLIC
SERVICES ACCT)
01 ELEC 2/27-3/27/26 2,881.49
61081000-80110 2,881.49
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
61081000-80130 30.50
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80132 5008744 4/22/2026 HARRINGTON
INDUSTRIAL PLASTICS
LLC
.02 VALVES 2,392.59
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80132 20018668 4/22/2026 WINSUPPLY S SAN DIEGO CA CO.
.02 VALVE VAULT 429.03
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80132 20018668 4/22/2026 WINSUPPLY S SAN DIEGO CA CO.
.02 VALVE VAULT 235.98
61081000-80132 3,057.60
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 19.85 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS MAR 26 19.85 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80280 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORMS APR 26 19.85 61081000-80280 59.55
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80340 20018609 4/22/2026 PACIFIC SAFETY CENTER .03 PROGRAM TRAINING 185.00 610 W/W Operat 61081000-80340 20018649 4/22/2026 AMAZON.COM SALES, INC .03 CERTIFICATION PROGRAM 279.80 61081000-80340 464.80
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 5,927.38
61081000-80571 5,927.38
610 W/W Operat 61081000-80650 5008723 4/22/2026 WINZER FRANCHISE
COMPANY
.04 UNIFORMS & PROTECTIVE
GEAR
2,549.58
61081000-80650 2,549.58
610 W/W Operat 61081000-90040 5008713 4/22/2026 WESTFLEX, INC. .04 HOSES FOR STOCK 983.39 61081000-90040 983.39
610 W/W Operat 61081000-90055 5008715 4/22/2026 W.W. GRAINGER, INC .01 GRINDER UNIT 6-12 987.20 61081000-90055 987.20
620 G/C Operat 62082000-70033 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORM SERVICES 197.26 620 G/C Operat 62082000-70033 20018585 4/22/2026 VESTIS GROUP, INC. 01 UNIFORM SERVICES 197.26
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
62082000-70033 394.52
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80030 5008721 4/22/2026 AMBIUS (J.C. EHRLICH CO., INC.)
01 PLANTS MAINTENANCE
SERVICES
600.43
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80030 5008721 4/22/2026 AMBIUS (J.C. EHRLICH CO., INC.)
01 PLANTS MAINTENANCE
SERVICES
175.00
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80030 5008736 4/22/2026 MERJAN ENTERPRISES INC
07 PM SVC APR 26 59.48
62082000-80030 834.91
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80031 20018617 4/22/2026 THE TORO COMPANY 01 IRRIGATION COMPUTER 235.00 62082000-80031 235.00
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80055 5008703 4/22/2026 M B OLIVER, INC 08 RODENT CONTROL SERVICE @ GOLF
68.00 620 G/C Operat 62082000-80055 20018597 4/22/2026 GREENBRIER LAWN &
TREE EXPERT CO,IN
06 TREE TRIMMING SERVICE 6,030.00
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80055 5008720 4/22/2026 CARLOS JANITORIAL
SERVICE
05 JANITORIAL SERVICES 925.00
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80055 20018634 4/22/2026 TRADELINK
INTERNATIONAL
03 GREASE PUMPING SERVICE 800.00
62082000-80055 7,823.00
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80110 20018607 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(GOLF ACCT) 01 2000 VISALIA ROW HM1 01/15/26 - 02/12/26
3,089.99
62082000-80110 3,089.99
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80112 20018590 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (GOLF
ACCOUNT)
01 2000 VISALIA ROW 6IN FIRE
04/09/26 - 05/07/26
100.14
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80112 20018590 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (GOLF
ACCOUNT)
01 755 GLORIETTA BLVD
03/07/26 - 04/08/26
1,520.44
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80112 20018590 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (GOLF
ACCOUNT)
01 509 GLORIETTA BLVD
03/10/26 - 04/08/26
211.43
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80112 20018590 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (GOLF
ACCOUNT)
01 635 GLORIETTA BLVD
03/07/26 - 04/08/26
232.66
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80112 20018590 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (GOLF
ACCOUNT)
01 805 GLORIETA BLVD 03/07/26
- 04/08/26
1,044.66
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80112 20018590 4/22/2026 CAL-AM WATER (GOLF
ACCOUNT)
01 1311 GLORIETTA BLVD IRRIG
03/07/26 - 04/08/26
536.31
62082000-80112 3,645.64
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80134 20018638 4/22/2026 SITEONE LANDSCAPE
SUPPLY HOLDING
03 IRRIGATION SUPPLIES 90.36
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80134 20018675 4/22/2026 TURF CONTROL, LLC 01 REPLACEMENT PARTS FOR
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
984.50
62082000-80134 1,074.86
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80210 20018650 4/22/2026 CHARTER
COMMUNICATIONS
HOLDINGS, LLC
02 1845 STRAND WAY GOLF
PHONE 04/01/26 - 04/30/26
2,348.41
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80210 20018674 4/22/2026 AT&T MOBILITY II, LLC. 02 CELLPHONE CHARGES / GOLF
481.14
62082000-80210 2,829.55
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80570 20018615 4/22/2026 TURF STAR, INC 01 PARTS & FILTERS FOR
EQUIPMENT REPAIR
150.99
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80570 5008717 4/22/2026 MIDWEST MOTOR SUPPLY CO. INC.,
01 CABLE TIES 48.49
62082000-80570 199.48
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 FUEL MAR 2026 466.64
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80571 5008751 4/22/2026 MANSFIELD ENERGY CORP.
01 GASOLINE 483.86
62082000-80571 950.50
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80575 20018636 4/22/2026 JIM DAVIS LLC 02 FUNGICIDE 724.08 620 G/C Operat 62082000-80575 20018636 4/22/2026 JIM DAVIS LLC 03 WETTING AGENT 3,340.25 62082000-80575 4,064.33
620 G/C Operat 62082000-80577 20018632 4/22/2026 P W GILLIBRAND CO., INC. 01 INDUSTRIAL SAND 7,255.20 620 G/C Operat 62082000-80577 20018632 4/22/2026 P W GILLIBRAND CO., INC. 01 INDUSTRIAL SAND 3,620.98 62082000-80577 10,876.18
630 S/D Operat 63083301-80100 20018637 4/22/2026 T & T JANITORIAL, INC. 01 JANITORIAL MAR 2026 46.84 63083301-80100 46.84
630 S/D Operat 63083301-80110 20018606 4/22/2026 SDG&E-(PUBLIC
SERVICES ACCT)
01 ELEC 2/27-3/27/26 2,584.95
63083301-80110 2,584.95
630 S/D Operat 63083301-80130 5008694 4/20/2026 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, RCS
PUB SVS RADIO 30.50
63083301-80130 30.50
630 S/D - NPDE 63083303-80030 5008748 4/22/2026 MIKHAIL OGAWA ENGINEERING INC.
SW PROGRAM SUPPORT; 25-
MOE-003;FEB 2026
55,296.29
63083303-80030 55,296.29
FUND BUDGET UNITACCOUNT
CHECK
NUMBER
CHECK
DATE
NAME DESCRIPTION TRANSACTION
AMOUNT
Warrant List for City Council Meeting May
5, 2026 Item 4.b
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado
Special Closed Session - Minutes of the City of Coronado City Council/ The City of Coronado Acting as the Successor Agency to the Community Development Agency of the City of Coronado
March 17, 2026 02:45 PM
Coronado City Hall Council Chamber
1825 Strand Way
Coronado, California 92118
Note: The order in which items appear in the minutes is not necessarily the order in which they were discussed in the meeting.
Present: Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Also Present: City Manager Friend, City Attorney Canlas, and City Clerk Holian Pursuant to Government Code section 54953.8.3(b), Councilmember Downey participated remotely pursuant to just cause, specifically travel while on official business of the legislative body or another state or local agency.
1. CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL
2:50 The Special Closed Session Meeting of the City Council was called to order at 2:50 p.m. on March 17, 2026, in the City Council Chamber at City Hall with Mayor Duncan presiding.
2. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL - ANTICIPATED LITIGATION Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(2)
a. Three (3) of Potential Case(s)
No reportable action.
3. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL – INITIATION OF LITIGATION Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(4)
a. One (1) of Potential Case(s)
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado
No reportable action.
4. ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
None.
5. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Duncan adjourned the meeting at 4:04 p.m.
APPROVED:
John D. Duncan, Mayor of the
City of Coronado
ATTEST:
Kelsea Holian, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 1
Minutes of the City of Coronado City Council/
The City of Coronado Acting as the Successor Agency to the Community Development Agency of the City of Coronado
April 07, 2026 04:00 PM
Coronado City Hall Council Chamber
1825 Strand Way
Coronado, California 92118
Note: The order in which items appear in the minutes is not necessarily the order in which they were discussed in the meeting.
Present: Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Also Present: City Manager Friend (participating remotely), City Attorney Canlas, and City Clerk Holian
1. CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL
The Regular Meeting of the City Council was called to order at 4:00 p.m. on April 7, 2026, in the City Council Chamber at City Hall with Mayor Duncan presiding.
2. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
Mayor Duncan led the Pledge of Allegiance.
3. PRESENTATIONS
3.a Earth Month Proclamation
Mayor Duncan presented the proclamation.
4. CONSENT CALENDAR
Motion made by: Councilmember Downey
Seconded by: Councilmember Purvis
Approve the recommended actions on the consent calendar.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 2
Motion Carried
4.a Approval of Reading by Title and Waiver of Reading in Full of Ordinances on This Agenda
Approve the reading by title and waive the reading in full of all Ordinances on the agenda.
4.b Approve Warrants Certified by Treasurer as Correct and Budget-Compliant for FY 2025-26
Approve the Warrants as certified by the City/Agency Treasurer.
4.c Adoption of a Policy for the Distribution of Event Tickets and Passes Adopt Resolution 2026-11 establishing a Policy for the Distribution of Event Tickets and Passes in compliance with Fair Political Practices Commission Regulation 2 California Code of Regulations § 18944.1, and direct the City Clerk’s Office to complete all required posting and notification actions.
4.d Filing of the Treasurer’s Reports on Investments for the City and the Successor Agency to the Community Development Agency for the City of Coronado for the Quarter Ending December 31, 2025
Examine the quarterly reports on investments and direct them to be filed.
5. ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
Rena Clancy, Executive Director of the Coronado Chamber of Commerce, provided comments regarding the strategic importance of maintaining a Chamber presence on Orange Avenue and requested a future Council discussion on rental costs in the business district.
6. CITY MANAGER/EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
None.
7. PUBLIC HEARINGS
7.a Adoption of “A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, Adopting a Revised Schedule for a Regional Transportation Congestion Improvement Program Fee to Mitigate the Impacts of Development of Residential Units on the San Diego Regional Transportation Arterial System for Fiscal Year 2026-27, Increasing the Existing Uniform Transportation Mitigation Fee by Two Percent, from $3,047.57 to $3,109.88 for Each Newly Constructed Residential Unit”
Jim Newton, Assistant Director of Public Services and Engineering, presented the staff report.
Mayor Duncan opened the public hearing and asked if anyone wished to speak on the item. Having received no requests to speak, Mayor Duncan closed the public hearing.
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 3
Discussion ensued regarding the necessity of regional planning to address increased traffic from population growth and the resulting wear on local infrastructure.
Motion made by: Councilmember Downey
Seconded by: Mayor Duncan
Adopt Resolution 2026-12, “A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, adopting a revised schedule for a Regional Transportation Congestion Improvement Program Fee to mitigate the impacts of development of residential units on the San Diego Regional Transportation Arterial System for Fiscal Year (FY) 2026-27, increasing the existing uniform transportation mitigation fee by two percent, from $3,047.57 to $3,109.88 for each newly constructed residential unit." Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Motion Carried
7.b Fiscal Year 2026-27 User Fees
Senior Management Analyst Kelli Maples presented the staff report utilizing PowerPoint.
Correction sheets provided at the meeting addressed minor clerical rounding errors on the Police and Business pages and corrected an inadvertently entered fee on the special event permit line. Councilmembers asked for confirmation that identified red-texted items on the corrected sheets would show no year-over-year change.
Mayor Duncan opened the public hearing and asked if anyone wished to speak on the item.
Having received no requests to speak, Mayor Duncan closed the public hearing.
Discussion ensued regarding the efficiency of tying fees to regional indices to avoid large periodic jumps in costs.
Motion made by: Councilmember Fleming
Seconded by: Councilmember Purvis
Adopt Resolution 2026-13 implementing annual adjustments to Police, EMS/Ambulance, Community Development Fees, Wastewater Capacity Fees, Special Event Fees, and Recreation Fees for Fiscal Year (FY) 2026-27, including the establishment of City Clerk fees as amended.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Motion Carried
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 4
8. GENERAL BUSINESS
8.a Council Reports on Interagency Assignments
Councilmember Steward reported on biodiversity legislation, regional beach nourishment needs, and her support for the Stockdale League of Wives memorial bench and the State of Imperial Beach event.
Councilmember Downey detailed the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System's (MTS) current fiscal challenges, fare hike proposals, and the high cost of the state-mandated transition to an all-electric bus fleet.
Councilmember Purvis discussed the search for a new executive director for the Metro JPA wastewater agency, tours of the regional pure water facility, and the lawn bowling exhibit at the Coronado Historical Association.
Councilmember Fleming reported on his participation in MTS and SANDAG committee meetings, highlighting regional budget deficits and the successful Arbor Day tree planting in Spreckels Park.
Mayor Duncan reported on his advocacy trip to Washington, D.C. to address transborder sewage issues through the USMCA and request federal funding for flooding and sewer infrastructure projects.
8.b Authorize the City Manager to Execute a Contract with the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System in the Amount of $111,993 to Operate the 2026 Free Summer Shuttle Program
Senior Planner Tricia Olsen presented the staff report utilizing PowerPoint.
Councilmembers asked about expanding Pronto pass eligibility to military families living in Strand housing and the feasibility of adjusting fleet frequency to balance operational costs with service needs during regional events like NASCAR. Staff and Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) representatives responded that while unique schedules are operationally difficult, the Council could direct research into pass distribution logistics and utilize standby buses for peak holiday capacity.
Mila Albertson provided comments regarding the potential to alternate buses to ensure all vehicles remain operational throughout the week.
Mike Gaylord, representing the Coronado Cays, provided comments regarding the program's popularity and suggested Navy housing distribution solutions for Pronto passes.
Kathy Brown provided comments regarding the Chamber of Commerce’s support for an earlier June start date to alleviate traffic during the NASCAR event.
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 5
Discussion ensued regarding balancing operational costs with the need for increased service frequency during peak holiday weekends, including the upcoming NASCAR event and the Fourth of July. Councilmembers discussed the benefits of a June 6 start date to accommodate visitor traffic and explored offering Pronto passes to military families in Strand housing.
Motion made by: Councilmember Fleming
Seconded by: Mayor Duncan
1. To authorize the City Manager to execute a contract with MTS to operate the 2026 Free Summer Shuttle beginning June 6, 2026, utilizing three buses with 20-minute headways;
2. To direct staff to work with MTS for standby bus capacity on holiday weekends (NASCAR and Fourth of July);
3. To direct staff to research the feasibility and costs of providing Pronto passes for military Strand housing.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Motion Carried
8.c Coronado Public Library Roof and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Project: Approve the Roof Replacement and HVAC Replacement Option 2; Provide Direction on Solar System Integration and Potential Funding; and Appropriate up to an Additional $368,235 for the Design and Bid Phases of the Project
Principal Architect Jackie Lu and Leon Firsht, Director of Public Services and Engineering, presented the staff report jointly utilizing PowerPoint.
Councilmembers asked about the long-term financial viability of solar integration, the energy efficiency of transitioning to an all-electric HVAC system, and the potential for utilizing battery storage as a regional utility solution to support multiple municipal facilities. Staff explained that while solar and electric transitions would likely be cost-neutral in the short term, they offer significant longevity and alignment with the City's Climate Action Plan.
Sharon Hall provided comments regarding the critical need to address moisture damage that threatens library collections and patron comfort.
Julie Webb provided comments regarding the dedication of staff in managing ongoing facility leaks and urged an expedited decision.
Carl Luna, President of the Coronado Friends of the Library, provided comments Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 6
regarding the organization's endorsement of HVAC Option 2 to minimize architectural intrusion.
Todd Little provided comments regarding the economic benefits of federal investment tax credits for renewable energy projects.
Stuart Smith provided comments regarding the financial advantages of municipal solar projects and recommended a full roof array.
Discussion ensued regarding the long-term fiscal benefits of solar integration versus the potential for structural disruption from building reinforcements.
Motion made by: Councilmember Steward
Seconded by: Councilmember Downey
1. To receive the project status update and approve the recommended PVC roof replacement;
2. To approve HVAC replacement Option 2 (in-kind replacement);
3. To appropriate $100,000 to conduct a study on a preferred solar option;
4. To direct staff to review battery storage options in lieu of a generator at the Spreckels Center.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Motion Carried
8.d Consideration of a Resolution Adopting Crown City March as the Official City March of Coronado
City Manager Tina Friend presented the staff report regarding the Coronado Concert Band’s request to designate a commissioned piece as the official city march.
Discussion ensued regarding the importance of supporting local arts while avoiding the legal complexities of adopting copyrighted material.
Motion made by: Mayor Duncan
Seconded by: Councilmember Downey
To decline the formal adoption of Crown City March as the official city march while providing a letter of appreciation to the Coronado Concert Band.
Motion Carried
Yes (4): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, and Councilmember Steward
No (1): Councilmember Purvis
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 7
8.e Quarterly Cross-Border Water Quality Update
Receive an update on recent activities regarding cross-border water pollution.
City Manager Friend provided a comprehensive update on activities regarding cross-border water pollution, highlighting that the upcoming renegotiation of the United States-MexicoCanada Agreement (USMCA) serves as a critical opportunity to leverage environmental commitments from the Mexican government. It was noted that the City is specifically seeking automatic consequences if Mexico fails to fulfill its sewage management infrastructure projects. Regarding local infrastructure, it was reported that while Mexico's pumping station recently resumed operations to reduce flows, infrastructure expansion remains a top priority for federal lobbying.
Further information was provided regarding an advocacy trip to Washington, D.C., to request congressionally directed funding for local sewer and stormwater projects. Serious concern was expressed regarding the county’s current testing methodology, which has shown a 56 percent false-positive rate, and staff emphasized the importance of adoption of local resolutions to bolster federal advocacy for reliable science. The update also addressed the potential use of "nano bubble technology" as a mitigation strategy and noted the deleterious impact of sewage on military readiness and local tourism. Collaborative efforts with regional partners continue to focus on securing long-term federal funding solutions.
8.f Consideration of a Policy #2 Request Regarding Adoption of a Resolution Opposing Offshore Oil Drilling and Gas Leasing
Councilmembers Steward and Purvis introduced the request for a formal resolution opposing offshore drilling.
Discussion ensued regarding whether a new resolution was necessary given the Council’s existing legislative guidelines and the effectiveness of resolutions on matters outside local jurisdictional control.
Motion made by: Councilmember Steward
Seconded by: Councilmember Downey
To approve the policy request to place a resolution opposing offshore oil drilling and gas leasing for a future meeting.
Yes (3): Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
No (2): Mayor Duncan, and Councilmember Fleming
Motion Carried
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 8
9. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Duncan adjourned the Regular Meeting at 8:15 p.m.
APPROVED:
John D. Duncan, Mayor of the
City of Coronado
ATTEST:
Kelsea Holian, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 1
Special Closed Session - Minutes of the City of Coronado City Council/ The City of Coronado Acting as the Successor Agency to the Community Development Agency of the City of Coronado
April 07, 2026 02:45 PM
Coronado City Hall Council Chamber
1825 Strand Way
Coronado, California 92118
Note: The order in which items appear in the minutes is not necessarily the order in which they were discussed in the meeting.
Present: Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Also Present: City Manager Friend (participating remotely), City Attorney Canlas, and City Clerk Holian
1. CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL
The Special Closed Session Meeting of the City Council was called to order at 2:45 p.m. on Apr 07, 2026, 2:45 PM, in the City Council Chamber at City Hall with Mayor Duncan presiding.
2. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL - ANTICIPATED LITIGATION Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(2)
a. Two (2) of Potential Cases
No reportable action.
3. CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL – EXISTING LITIGATION
Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1)
a. Steve Frye v. City of Coronado, et al.
San Diego County Case No 37-2023-00022500-CU-CR-CTL
No reportable action.
4. ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
Item 4.c
April 07, 2026 City of Coronado Page 2
None.
5. ADJOURNMENT
Closed Session adjourned at 3:50 p.m.
APPROVED:
John D. Duncan, Mayor of the
City of Coronado
ATTEST:
Kelsea Holian, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 1
Minutes of the City of Coronado City Council/
The City of Coronado Acting as the Successor Agency to the Community Development Agency of the City of Coronado
March 17, 2026 04:00 PM
Coronado City Hall Council Chamber
1825 Strand Way
Coronado, California 92118
Note: The order in which items appear in the minutes is not necessarily the order in which they were discussed in the meeting.
Present: Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Also Present: City Manager Friend, City Attorney Canlas, and City Clerk Holian Pursuant to Government Code section 54953.8.3(b), Councilmember Downey participated remotely pursuant to just cause, specifically travel while on official business of the legislative body or another state or local agency.
1. CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL
The Regular Meeting of the City Council was called to order at 4:14 p.m. on March 17, 2026 in the City Council Chamber at City Hall with Mayor Duncan presiding.
2. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
Mayor Duncan led the Pledge of Allegiance.
3. PRESENTATIONS
3.a Rosie the Riveter Day
Mayor Duncan presented the Proclamation to Sally Perley, Vice President of the Coronado Historical Association Board.
4. CONSENT CALENDAR
City Manager Tina Friend reported a clerical correction to Item 4.e, the 2025 Annual Housing Element Progress Report. She explained that an inadvertent double count occurred in the initial data regarding a home redevelopment project that included an accessory dwelling unit (ADU).
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 2
The corrected figures state that 36 units were completed during the year, comprising 23 singlefamily detached units, four structure units (in structure types of two to four units), and nine accessory dwelling units. This correction was noted for the formal submittal to the State Office of Housing and Community Development (HCD).
Councilmember Purvis requested clarification on Item 8.f regarding the confirmed membership of the ad hoc Border Water Quality Advocacy Subcommittee. Mayor Duncan confirmed that he and Councilmember Mark Fleming currently serve as the two members of the subcommittee.
Motion made by: Councilmember Steward
Seconded by: Councilmember Purvis
To approve the Consent Calendar as amended to include Items 4.a through 4.g and Items 8.f,
8.g, and 8.h, incorporating the clerical correction to the housing data in Item 4.e.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Motion Carried
4.a Approval of Reading by Title and Waiver of Reading in Full of Ordinances on This Agenda
Approve the reading by title and waive the reading in full of all Ordinances on the agenda.
4.b Approve Warrants Certified by Treasurer as Correct and Budget-Compliant for FY 2025-26
Approve the Warrants as certified by the City/Agency Treasurer.
4.c Approval of the Minutes of February 17, 2026 Regular and Closed Session Meetings
Approve the Minutes of February 17, 2026 Regular and Closed Session Meetings.
4.d Resolution Extending a Local Emergency Due to the Discovery of Caulerpa prolifera in the Coronado Cays
Adopt Resolution 2026-07 to extend the declaration of local emergency due to the discovery of Caulerpa prolifera.
4.e Authorization to Transmit the 2025 Annual Housing Element Progress Report to the State Office of Housing and Community Development Authorize transmission of the 2025 Annual Housing Progress Report to the State Office of Housing and Community Development (HCD).
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 3
4.f Adoption of “A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, Accepting the 2025 Calendar Year State Mandated Fire Inspection Compliance Report from the Coronado Fire Department”
Adopt Resolution 2026-10 acknowledging receipt of the 2025 calendar year state mandated fire inspections report.
4.g Authorize the City Manager to Award Contracts and Change Orders for the Construction of the Coronado Cays Park Dog Park Fencing Project in the Amount of $142,999
1. Find that the project is categorically exempt from environmental review under Class 1 of the state CEQA Guidelines section 15301, Existing Facilities and Class 3 section 15303, New Construction or Conversion of Small Structures;
2. Reject bid and bid protest by Sitka Construction Group;
3. Authorize City Manager to Award a Contract to A.B. Hashmi, Inc., as the lowest responsive and responsible bidder, for $142,999 for the Construction of the Cays Dog Park Fencing Project (Contract No. 26-CO-EN-1111); and
4. Authorize the City Manager to execute Change Orders within the project budget.
5. ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
Mila Albertson provided comments regarding the recent closures of several long-standing local businesses
Jim Besikof provided comments regarding underground water infrastructure on Spinnaker Way.
6. CITY MANAGER/EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
City Manager Tina Friend responded to public comments regarding Spinnaker Way by clarifying that while a slurry seal is scheduled for this summer, full resurfacing will occur following a separate sewer project to avoid repetitive roadwork. She also announced the award of the Coronado Cays Park dog fence contract, noting that construction is expected to take approximately one month and will be segmented to maintain partial park access.
7. PUBLIC HEARINGS
8. GENERAL BUSINESS
8.a Council Reports on Interagency Assignments
Councilmember Fleming reported on his tour of the USS Greenville nuclear submarine and his attendance at the SANDAG Board meeting on March 13.
Councilmember Purvis discussed her participation in the USS Greenville tour, the 100-year Rotary Club exhibition at the Coronado Historical Association, and her role on a JPA search committee for a new executive director.
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 4
Councilmember Steward provided updates on the USS Greenville tour, regional offshore drilling concerns, updated naval complex gate access procedures, and a beach cleanup.
Councilmember Downey detailed the history of the SANDAG Environmental Mitigation Program and current funding challenges for the long-term management of preserved habitats.
Mayor Duncan reported on his advocacy trip to Washington, D.C. to address transborder sewage issues through the USMCA and to request federal funding for local stormwater and sewer infrastructure.
8.b Classification of 8 Properties in Tier 2 of the Coronado Historic Resource Inventory
Councilmember Downey recused herself for consistency, as her property was previously considered during the inventory development process.
Councilmember Purvis recused herself as she owns a property currently classified in Tier
2. Mayor Duncan noted that he conducted an analysis and did not have a conflict for owning his properties that have been reviewed and designated.
Tricia Olsen, Senior Planner, presented the staff report utilizing PowerPoint.
Karen Voegl provided comments regarding opposition to the Tier 2 classification, citing concerns over property rights and the surrounding neighborhood context.
Mila Albertson provided comments regarding concerns with the survey methodology and the difference between state and local age thresholds for historic homes.
Craig Voegl asked for clarification on the voting process. Mayor Duncan noted that the properties can be voted on collectively or individually, or any combination thereof.
Discussion ensued regarding the balance between property rights and historical preservation, noting that Tier 2 serves as a review requirement rather than a final designation. The Council noted the heritage value of the eight identified homes but reached a consensus to exclude 408 Fifth Street from the reclassification due to the owners' formal objection and demonstrated commitment to preservation.
Motion made by: Councilmember Steward
Seconded by: Councilmember Fleming
Approve the classification of the following seven properties in Tier 2 of the Coronado Historic Resource Inventory: 620 Fifth Street, 544 A Avenue, 560 B Avenue, 827 B Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 5
Avenue, 941 B Avenue, 900 D Avenue, and 966 F Avenue; and to maintain 408 Fifth Street in Tier 3.
Yes (3): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Fleming, and Councilmember Steward Recusal (2): Councilmember Downey, and Councilmember Purvis Motion Carried
8.c FY 2027 - 2031 Wastewater Rates: Direction to Mail Notices of Public Hearing to be held May 5, 2026 to Consider Approval of Updated Rates for Wastewater Services
Tina Friend, City Manager, John Wright, consultant with Raftelis, and Denise Johnson, Public Services and Engineering Administrative Manager, presented the staff report jointly utilizing PowerPoint.
Mila Albertson provided comments regarding whether Proposition 218 notices would be sent to residents or property owners.
Robins Kelly provided comments regarding the perceived inconsistency of the billing system for properties containing multiple addresses on a single lot.
Jim Besikof provided comments regarding the inclusion of depreciation in reserves and the maintenance status of the Cays pump station.
Discussion ensued regarding the necessity of the proposed rate increases to address aging infrastructure and maintain responsible cash reserves. The Council discussed the city's unique geographical challenges as a coastal community and noted that the proposed rates would remain among the lowest in the region. Support was expressed for exploring more specific volumetric billing data in the future through coordination with California American Water.
Motion made by: Councilmember Purvis
Seconded by: Councilmember Steward
1. To direct staff to mail the 45-day public hearing notice required by Proposition 218;
2. To set the public hearing for Tuesday, May 5, 2026, at 4:30 p.m.;
3. To direct staff to include proposed rates as recommended by the Raftelis 2027 wastewater rate study resulting in an 8.5% increase in total fund revenues for FY 2027 through FY 2031.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 6
Motion Carried
Mayor Duncan called for a recess at 5:47 p.m. Council reconvened at 5:53 p.m.
8.d Fiscal Year (FY) 2026-27 Coronado Tourism Improvement District (CTID) Advisory Board Annual Report/Management Plan and Resolution of Intent to Continue to Levy Assessments on Four Hotel Businesses
Review and approve the FY 2026-27 Annual Report and Management Plan from the CTID Advisory Board; consider adoption of “A Resolution of The City Council of the City of Coronado, California, Declaring its Intention to Continue to Levy Two One-Half Percent (0.5%) Assessments During Fiscal Year 2026-27 on Certain Hotel Businesses Within the Coronado Tourism Improvement District I and Coronado Tourism Improvement District II;” and set a public hearing date of Tuesday, April 21, 2026, for consideration of the continued levy assessment.
Kelli Maples, Senior Management Analyst, presented the staff report utilizing PowerPoint.
Todd Little, Executive Director of Discover Coronado, presented the Annual Report and Management Plan utilizing PowerPoint.
Mark Espinoza provided comments regarding excitement for the upcoming NASCAR event.
Discussion ensued regarding the CTID's budget transparency, specifically requesting a breakout of funds between CTID I and CTID II. Concerns were raised regarding the size of the reserve fund and whether a larger percentage should be directed toward city-wide benefits such as shoreline preservation, downtown beautification, or transit solutions. The Council discussed the impact of visitor traffic during the holiday season and directed staff to continue the item to a future meeting to allow for a more detailed budget breakout and further discussion on reserve policies.
No action was taken on this item.
8.e Consideration of Amendment No. 1 to Encroachment Permit E2507-004 and Associated Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreement for Private Improvements at 417 B Avenue
Jim Newton, Assistant Director of Public Services and Engineering, presented the staff report utilizing PowerPoint.
Mark Mazzarella, representative of the property owner, provided comments regarding the fairness of city rules and the existence of similar encroachments throughout Coronado.
Eve Mazzarella, representative of the property owner, provided comments regarding a map highlighting 50 other properties with similar encroachments as evidence of established precedent.
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 7
Robert Allen, property owner, provided comments regarding his good faith efforts to follow city inspection procedures for footings and electrical work during construction.
Dani Allen, property owner, provided comments regarding how the planters contribute to neighborhood beautification and safety by providing additional lighting.
Discussion ensued regarding the established 48-inch right-of-way rule intended to protect public access and safety. It was noted that while the improvements are aesthetically pleasing, allowing individual exceptions to setbacks could lead to inconsistent governance and inequity toward residents who adhere to standard regulations. Further comments addressed the ability for homeowners to maintain ground-level landscaping or fences at the property line as alternatives. Councilmember Downey expressed support for a two-foot buffer option, citing a lack of clear definition for the four-foot requirement and the need for future policy research.
Motion made by: Mayor Duncan
Seconded by: Councilmember Fleming
Deny Amendment No. 1 to Encroachment Permit E2507-004 and associated Encroachment Maintenance and Removal Agreement for private improvements at 417 B Avenue.
Yes (4): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
No (1): Councilmember Downey
Motion Carried
8.f Authorization of City Council ad hoc Border Water Quality Advocacy Subcommittee
Authorize the City Council ad hoc Border Water Quality Advocacy Subcommittee and confirm Council membership, not to exceed two members.
The Subcommittee was reauthorized under the consent calendar, with Mayor Duncan and Councilmember Fleming reappointed to the Subcommittee.
8.g Resolution to Extend a Local Emergency Declaration in the City of Coronado Due to Impacts from Cross-Border Water Pollution
Consider the Resolution to Extend the Local Emergency Declaration due to cross-border water pollution.
Resolution 2026-08 was adopted under the consent calendar.
8.h Consideration of a Policy #2 Request Regarding Prohibition of the Substance Known as "Kratom" or "7-OH"
The Policy #2 request was approved under the consent calendar.
Item 4.c
March 17, 2026 City of Coronado Page 8
9. BOARD, COMMISSION, AND ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORTS
10. CITY ATTORNEY
11. COMMUNICATIONS WRITTEN
12. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Duncan adjourned the Regular Meeting at 7:34 p.m.
APPROVED:
John D. Duncan, Mayor of the
City of Coronado
ATTEST:
Kelsea Holian, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado
Item 4.c
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Accept the Seaport Manhole Rehabilitation Project and Direct the City Clerk to File a Notice of Completion
RECOMMENDATION
Accept the Seaport Manhole Rehabilitation Project and direct the City Clerk to file a Notice of Completion.
BACKGROUND
The FY 2021-22 Capital Improvement Program (CIP) established the “Seaport Village Manhole Rehabilitation and Transbay Sewer Main Inspection Project.” The CIP allocated $250,000 of Wastewater funds to the project for the purpose of inspecting the “backup” Transbay sewer line and rehabilitating its downstream manhole in Seaport Village. An additional $300,000 was allocated towards the project in FY 2022-23.
During the design phase, preliminary cost estimates for construction of the project were significantly higher than anticipated. In addition, the need for the project was reassessed. With Council’s approval, the scope of the project was reduced to 1) rehabilitation of the existing/active Transbay manhole in Seaport Village (MH#99); 2) installation of a sampling port for City of San Diego use (MH#99), and 3) abandonment of the old Transbay manhole in Seaport Village (MH#98).
On May 27, 2025, the project was advertised for bid on Planet Bids. On June 09, 2025, a total of three bids were received and deemed responsive. Jennette Construction Company, Inc. was determined to be the lowest responsive and responsible bidder. A construction contract for the “Seaport Manhole Rehabilitation Project” was subsequently awarded to Jennette Construction Company totaling $148,000.
ANALYSIS
Jennette Construction, Inc. was issued a Notice to Proceed on September 22, 2025. The project was substantially completed in accordance with the project plans and specifications on February 03, 2026.
Timely recording of a Notice of Completion is an important step in finalizing the project as it triggers a 30- day deadline to file stop notices under Civil Code Section 9356(a).
FISCAL IMPACT
A total of $550,000 was allocated to the project from the Wastewater Fund (61071000-97210). The Project expenditures are detailed below.
Item 4.d
Project Budget Analysis
Approved Budget Actual Expenditures
Total Approved Budget $550,000
Contract Award ($148,000) ($148,000)
Engineering Design (Psomas) ($135,275) ($135,225)
Construction Management (Harris) ($24,087) ($4,188)
Miscellaneous (Filing Fee) ($52.50)
Total Project Expenditures ($307,362) ($287,465.50)
Remaining Project Balance $262,534.50
A total of $287,465.50 was utilized for this project leaving a balance of $262,534.50. This balance will be returned to the Wastewater Fund (61071000-97210).
ALTERNATIVE
The City Council may choose not to direct the City Clerk to file a Notice of Completion, this may result in an additional 30-day period during which general contractors, and an additional 60-day period during which subcontractors could file mechanic’s liens against the City.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
This action is not considered a project under CEQA pursuant to State CEQA Guidelines Section 15378(b)(5) pertaining to organizational or administrative activities of governments that will not result in direct or indirect physical changes in the environment.
PUBLIC NOTICE
No public notice is required for this item.
ATTACHMENTS
None.
Submitted By: Public Services and Engineering / Mike McCall Item 4.d
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Resolution Extending a Local Emergency Due to the Discovery of Caulerpa prolifera in the Coronado Cays
RECOMMENDATION
Adopt the resolution to extend the declaration of local emergency due to the discovery of Caulerpa prolifera.
BACKGROUND
On September 21, 2023, an approximately 24 square meter patch of Caulerpa prolifera was discovered growing underneath and adjacent to boat docks along the eastern edge of Antigua Village within the Unified Port of San Diego’s (Port) jurisdictional waters of the Coronado Cays during pre-construction underwater surveys associated with the Antigua Village Dock Replacement project. Surveys conducted subsequent to the initial discovery have revealed approximately 0.25-acres of additional Caulerpa prolifera infestations on the north side of Antiqua Village and within City of Coronado jurisdictional waters.
Caulerpa prolifera can expand aggressively if left untreated and displace native habitats including the 1,900 acres of eelgrass habitat in South San Diego Bay. Any impacts to eelgrass could threaten numerous other species including 70 different fish species and 60-80 federally listed green sea turtles that rely on eelgrass as foraging and resting habitat.
The threat to sensitive marine habitats and species posed by Caulerpa prolifera prompted the City of Coronado and the Port to declare local emergencies in November 2023. The emergency declarations also satisfied conditions necessary to access state and federal grant funding to complete additional underwater surveys and initiate eradication efforts. The City’s most recent extension of the declaration is set to expire May 16, 2026.
ANALYSIS
City staff have continued to work with partner agencies and stakeholders as part of the Southern California Caulerpa Action Team (SCCAT) to identify funding opportunities and to develop an eradication plan. Since the November 2023 City Council emergency declaration, a total of $850,000 in grant funding has been secured, including a $500,000 allocation from the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Cleanup and Abatement Account and $350,000 from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Invasive Species Grant Program. While these grant awards are significant and will allow additional surveys and initiation of eradication efforts, it is anticipated that the total project cost will exceed $1.2 million and could escalate if additional areas of infestation are identified.
Extending the local emergency declaration would allow the City and partner agencies to continue to pursue other sources of grant funding while also recognizing that the Caulerpa infestation in City waters remains a threat until it is successfully treated and eradicated.
FISCAL IMPACT
None.
Item 4.e
ALTERNATIVE
Take no action.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
Categorically Exempt per California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines; Class 7, Actions by Regulatory Agencies for Protection of Natural Resources.
PUBLIC NOTICE
No public notice is required for this item.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Resolution 2026-21
Submitted By: Community Development / Richard Grunow
Item 4.e
Attachment 1
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-21
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, EXTENDING A DECLARATION OF
A LOCAL EMERGENCY DUE TO THE DISCOVERY OF
CAULERPA PROLIFERA IN THE CORONADO CAYS AND
DETERMINING THAT THE PROJECT IS CATEGORICALLY
EXEMPT UNDER CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
ACT GUIDELINES SECTION 15307
WHEREAS, the California Emergency Services Act, including but not limited to Government Code section 8630 and Coronado Municipal Code Chapter 2.50, empowers the City Council to proclaim the existence or threat of a local emergency; and WHEREAS, on Thursday, September 21, 2023, an approximately 24-square-meter patch of Caulerpa prolifera was discovered growing underneath and adjacent to boat docks along the eastern edge of Antigua Village within Unified Port of San Diego jurisdictional waters in the Coronado Cays, and subsequent surveys have revealed additional infestations within City of Coronado jurisdictional waters; and
WHEREAS, while Caulerpa prolifera is not harmful to humans, it is highly invasive with the ability to rapidly expand and harm native habits and sensitive native species; and WHEREAS, South San Diego Bay is home to 1,900 acres of eelgrass which could be overgrown and displaced by Caulerpa and impact the Bay’s 70 fish species and 60-80 threatened green sea turtles which reside in or forage on eelgrass; and WHEREAS, since the discovery, staff has been working diligently with the Southern California Caulerpa Action Team (SCCAT) consisting of state and federal agencies to develop and implement an immediate response plan to prevent further infestation of this algae; and WHEREAS, on October 9, 2023, the infestation of Caulerpa prolifera found in the Coronado Cays within Port jurisdiction, was treated by the placement of a benthic barrier to prevent the spread of the algae; and
WHEREAS, additional Caulerpa prolifera surveys were conducted from October 6 through October 25, 2023, which identified additional Caulerpa prolifera infestations within City jurisdictional waters in the Coronado Cays; and
Item 4.e
WHEREAS, significant funding will be required to determine the extent of the Caulerpa prolifera infestation in San Diego Bay and for the eradication of the Caulerpa prolifera found to date; and
WHEREAS, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Cleanup and Abatement Account has up to $500,000 in funds to support the eradication efforts and the additional surveys that are required to determine the extent of the algae infestation; and WHEREAS, City staff has been informed that a local emergency declaration is required in order to secure funding through the SWRCB Cleanup and Abatement Account; and WHEREAS, The Coronado City Council adopted a Resolution to Declare a Local Emergency on November 21, 2023 and subsequently adopted additional 60-day extensions due to the ongoing infestations on January 16, 2024, March 5, 2024, April 16, 2024, June 6, 2024; July 16, 2024, September 3, 2024, October 15, 2024, December 3, 2024, January 21, 2025, March 18, 2025, May 20, 2025, July 15, 2025, September 2, 2025, October 21, 2025, December 16, 2025, February 3, 2026, and March 17, 2026; and
WHEREAS, The Emergency Declaration is set to expire on May 16, 2026; and WHEREAS, The Caulerpa prolifera infestation in City waters will continue to pose a threat to sensitive marine habitats and species until eradication efforts have been successfully completed; and
WHEREAS, based on the facts recited hereinabove and detailed in the corresponding agenda report, the existing and threatened conditions to cause extreme peril to the safety of property within the City’s jurisdiction caused by Caulerpa prolifera; the existing and threatened conditions are, or are likely to be, beyond the control of the services, personnel, equipment, and facilities of the City, and may require the supplemental efforts and available resources of other local government entities, the state and/or federal government, and/or disaster relief organizations to help alleviate the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that a local emergency still exists based on the existence of invasive Caulerpa prolifera algae in Coronado Cays waterways; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Coronado hereby determines that this activity is categorically exempt from environmental review pursuant to Section 15307 of the California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines, Class 7 because the project consists of actions taken by regulatory agencies as authorized by state law or local ordinance to assure the maintenance, restoration, or enhancement of a natural resource where the regulatory process involves procedures for protection of the environment; and Item 4.e
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that during the existence of said local emergency the powers, functions, and duties of the emergency organization of this City shall be those prescribed by state law, ordinances, and resolutions of this City, and approved plans of the City of Coronado in order to mitigate the effects of this local emergency, including the receipt, processing, and coordination of all inquiries and requirements necessary to obtain available state and federal assistance.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, at a regular meeting thereof this fifth day of May 2026 by the following vote to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
APPROVED:
____________________________________
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST:
__________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
Item 4.e
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Second Reading and Adoption of an Ordinance Amending the Coronado Municipal Code Regarding Conflict of Interest
RECOMMENDATION
Conduct the second reading of Ordinance 2026-01 amending Chapter 1.20, Section 1.20.060, Section
1.20.070 (A-P), and Section 1.20.080 (A-B) of Title 1 of the Coronado Municipal Code regarding conflict of interest.
BACKGROUND
The Political Reform Act of 1974 was established to ensure that state and local officials act with integrity and do not prioritize personal economic interests in their official capacities. This law requires public officials to disclose financial interests that may be affected by governmental decisions. Under Government Code Section 87100, local officials are prohibited from making, participating in, or influencing any decision in which they have a known financial interest. The city's Conflict of Interest Code identifies the specific officials subject to these requirements and requires disclosure via Statement of Economic Interest - Form 700. State law mandates that the City review and amend this code no later than October 1 of every even-numbered year.
ANALYSIS
The proposed ordinance introduces amendments to Title 1 of the Coronado Municipal Code, specifically revising Section 1.20.060 regarding Department Positions, Section 1.20.070 regarding Boards, Commissions, and Committees, and Section 1.20.080 regarding consultants. These modifications ensure the code reflects the adopted budget and personnel outlined in the Personnel Authorization and Compensation Plan (PACP).
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact related to this item.
ALTERNATIVE
The City Council may decline to adopt the ordinance and provide further direction to staff.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
This action is not subject to CEQA.
PUBLIC NOTICE
In lieu of publication of the ordinance in its entirety, the City Clerk will publish a summary of the ordinance a minimum of five days prior to adoption, and again within 15 days after adoption of the ordinance.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Ordinance 2026-01
Submitted By: City Clerk's Office / Kelsea Holian
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
ORDINANCE NO. 2026-01
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, AMENDING CHAPTER 1.20,
SECTION 1.20.060(A-J), SECTION 1.20.070(A-P) AND SECTION
1.20.080(A-B) OF TITLE 1 OF THE CORONADO MUNICIPAL
CODE REGARDING CONFLICT OF INTEREST
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, does ordain as follows:
SECTION ONE:
That Chapter 1.20, Sections 1.20.060, 1.20.070 and 1.20.080 of the Coronado Municipal Code is hereby repealed.
SECTION TWO:
That Chapter 1.20, Sections 1.20.060, 1.20.070 and 1.20.080 is hereby added to the Coronado Municipal Code to read as follows:
SEE EXHIBIT A
SECTION THREE:
This ordinance was introduced on April 21, 2026.
SECTION FOUR:
The City Clerk is directed to publish a summary of this ordinance together with the votes cast no less than five days prior to the consideration of its adoption and again within 15 days following adoption.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado at a regular meeting thereof this 5th day of May 2026 by the following vote to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
____________________________________
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST:
_________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
Item 4.f
*****
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO : ss.
CITY OF CORONADO )
I, KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the City of Coronado, hereby certify that the foregoing ORDINANCE NO. 2026-01 passed at the regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Coronado held on the 5th day of May 2026 after having been read at the regular meeting of said City Council held on the 21st day of April 2026.
_________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
ORDINANCE NO. 2026-01
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
1.20.060 Department positions.
A. The following positions are not covered by this chapter because they must file under Section 87200 of the Act and, therefore, are here listed for informational purposes only: City Manager, City Treasurer, the Coronado Port Commissioner, and members of the Planning and Design Commission.
B. The following are the designated positions within City departments together with the required disclosure category (*denotes 87200 filers):
Position Category
A. Administrative Services Department:
1. Director of Administrative Services/City
Treasurer
*
2. Human Resources and Risk Manager 5
3. Finance Manager 5
4. Information Technology Applications
Manager
5 5. Information Technology Infrastructure
Manager
5 6. Senior Human Resources Analyst 5
7. Senior Finance Management Analyst 5
8. Senior Information Technology Analyst 5
9. Senior Accountant 5
10. Senior Accounting Technician 5
11. Accountant 5
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
Position Category
12. Associate Accountant 5
B. City Clerk’s Department:
1. City Clerk 1
2. Deputy City Clerk 5
C. City Manager’s Department:
1. City Manager *
2. Deputy City Manager 1
3. Assistant City Manager 1
4. Assistant to the City Manager 5
5. Senior Management Analyst 5
6. Communications and Engagement
Officer
5 D. Community Development Department:
1. Director of Community Development 1
2. Principal Planner 1
3. Senior Planner 1
4. Associate Planner 2,5
5. Assistant Planner 2,5
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
Position Category
6. Building Official 1
7. Building Inspector (I/II) 2,5
E. Public Services and Engineering
Department:
1. Director of Public Services and
Engineering
1 2. Assistant Director of Public Services
and Engineering
1 3. City Engineer 1
4. Principal Engineer 1
5. Senior Engineer 1
6. Associate Engineer 2,5
7. Assistant Engineer 2,5
8. Principal Architect 1
9. Associate Architect 2,5
10. Public Services and Engineering
Administrative Manager
1 11. Public Services Manager 1
12. Utility Manager 1
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
Position Category
13. Accounting Technician I 4
14. Senior Management Analyst 2,5
15. Management Analyst 2,5
16. Management Assistant 5
17. Master Mechanic 2,5
18. Lead Maintenance Worker 2,5
19. Lead Pump Mechanic 2,5
20. Electrician 2,5
21. Utility Manager 1
22. Utility Supervisor 1
23. Utility Systems Operator III 2,5
F. Fire Services Department:
1. Fire Chief 1
2. Fire Captain 2,4
3. Fire Division Chief 1
4. Beach Lifeguard Captain 4
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
Position Category
5. Beach Lifeguard Sergeant 5
6. Fire Inspector 2,4
G. Library Services Department:
1. Director of Library Services 1
2. Principal Librarian 5
3. Senior Librarian 5
4. Librarian II 5
5. Library Services Analyst 5
6. Management Assistant 5
H. Police Services Department:
1. Police Chief 1
2. Police Captain 1
3. Police Lieutenant 3
4. Police Management Analyst 2
5. Police Support Services Manager 2
I. Recreation and Golf Services
1. Director of Recreation and Golf
Services
1 Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
Position Category
2. Golf Superintendent 5
3. Aquatics Supervisor 5
4. Recreation Services Supervisor 5
5. Senior Management Analyst 2,4
6. Management Analyst 5
1.20.070 Boards, Commissions, Committees.
The officials holding the positions listed in this section are determined to manage or participate in the management of public resources, investments, or land use development. Because these bodies possess discretionary authority to make or influence governmental decisions, members must provide transparency regarding their financial interests to prevent potential conflicts.
For any board or committee designated by future resolution of the City Council, the specific disclosure requirements shall be determined by the scope of that body's authority at the time of its creation.
Members of the following boards, commissions, and committees occupy designated positions with the following disclosure categories:
Position Category
A. Board of Appeals 1
B. Civil Service Commission 1
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
Position Category
C. Historic Resource Commission 1
D. Library Board of Trustees 1
E. Planning and Design Commission *
F. Coronado Improvement Corporation 1
G. Coronado Finance Authority:
1. Authority Members 1
2. Executive Director 1
3. Treasurer 1
H. Parks and Recreation Commission 1
I. Coronado Port Commissioner *
J. Coronado Tourism Improvement District
Board
1 K. Mobility Committee 1
L. Cultural Arts Commission 1
M. Successor Agency 1
1.20.080 Consultants.
Item 4.f
Attachment 2
Exhibit A
A. Consultants, as defined in 2 California Code of Regulations Section 18700.3, as may be amended from time to time, and which are not subject to subsection B of this section, shall be subject to Disclosure Category 1.
B. Limitation to Disclosure Category. The City Manager may determine that a particular consultant, although in a “designated position,” is hired to perform a range of duties that is limited in scope and thus is not required to fully comply with the disclosure requirements described in this section. Such determination shall include a description of the consultant’s duties and, based upon that description, a statement of the extent of disclosure required. The determination shall be included in the contract by which the consultant is hired by the City. The City Manager’s determination is a public record and shall be retained for public inspection.
Item 4.f
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Orange Avenue Banner Program Summer Rotation NASCAR Banners
RECOMMENDATION
Approve the proposed NASCAR banner designs and associated installation locations for a limited summer display period along Orange Avenue.
BACKGROUND
On February 17, 2026, the City Council approved the recommended designs and installation locations for the 2026 Orange Avenue Nonprofit Banner Program, including the spring, summer, and fall rotations.
At that time, six banner locations within the summer rotation were reserved to accommodate a potential partnership opportunity associated with the upcoming NASCAR event at Naval Base Coronado. This collaboration was discussed during program planning, with input from the Orange Avenue Banner Committee and the Coronado Fourth of July, as an opportunity to activate the downtown corridor and incorporate the event into the City’s broader summer and patriotic programming.
Consistent with the previously approved summer rotation, six banner poles are designated for NASCAR banners. These banners are proposed to be installed at the start of the summer rotation (week of May 25, 2026) and will remain in place through the event, with removal anticipated the week of June 22, 2026.
Following removal, the poles will be reallocated to the Coronado Fourth of July banner series, as approved by City Council, ensuring continuity of the summer display.
ANALYSIS
The proposed NASCAR banner designs were reviewed by the Orange Avenue Banner Committee, which includes representatives from the Cultural Arts Commission, Discover Coronado, and City staff. The Committee evaluated the designs and provided feedback to ensure consistency with the overall goals of the Banner Program, including visual quality, balance, and alignment with the character of Orange Avenue.
During the review process, emphasis was placed on maintaining a strong visual connection to Coronado, incorporating scenic and recognizable imagery, and ensuring the banners contribute positively to the aesthetic character of the corridor.
Following the Committee’s review, the designs were presented to the Cultural Arts Commission at a special meeting held on April 27, 2026. The Cultural Arts Commission approved the proposed banner designs and supported forwarding the item to the City Council for final approval.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no direct cost to the City for the production and installation of the banners. The Banner Program is funded through a $36,000 Community Enhancement Grant from Discover Coronado for Fiscal Year (FY) 2025-26, which covers printing and related program costs.
ALTERNATIVE
Item 4.g
The City Council may choose not to accept the Cultural Arts Commission’s recommendation and may provide alternative direction to staff.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
This activity is exempt from environmental review pursuant to CEQA section 15311(c), Accessory Structures.
PUBLIC NOTICE
No public notice is required for this item.
ATTACHMENTS
1. NASCAR Banner Designs
2. 2026 Summer Banners Installation Map
Submitted By: City Manager's Office / Kelli Maples
Item 4.g
Design #1 Design #2
NASCAR
6 Poles
Summer Banners
Attachment 1
Item 4.g
Orange Avenue
1st Street
2nd Street
3rd Street
4th Street
5th Street
6th Street
7th Street
8th Street
9th Street
10th Street
No Banner Hardware
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
29 30
Summer Series
May 25 - June 22*
Coronado Fourth of July
NASCAR
Orange Avenue Banner Program
Recommended Installation Map
First Street to Avenida de las Arenas
30 Poles/60 Banners
*Following the NASCAR race, NASCAR
Banners will be replaced with Coronado
Fourth of July Banners
Attachment 2
Item 4.g
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
961 D Avenue - Request for a One-Lot Tentative Parcel Map to Allow for Condominium Ownership of Two Residential Units and Determination that the Project is Categorically Exempt from California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15332 (PC2026-01)
RECOMMENDATION
Determine that the project is categorically exempt under Class 32 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15332 (In-Fill Development) and adopt a resolution approving a one-lot Tentative Parcel Map at 961 D Avenue.
BACKGROUND
The request is for approval of a one-lot Tentative Parcel Map to allow condominium ownership of two residential units. The subject property is located on the east side of D Avenue at 961 D Avenue. The lot is approximately 25 feet wide, 140 feet deep, and connects to an alley. The existing single-family dwelling and accessory structures will be demolished. The existing structure is less than 75 years old and is not considered historic.
The property’s General Plan Designation is Medium Density Residential, which allows up to 28 dwelling units per acre. The project complies with the density limitation since a lot size of 3,499 square feet allows two units.
The Planning and Design Commission held a public hearing on April 14, 2026, where they considered the application and recommended that the City Council approve the Tentative Parcel Map with the conditions of approval found in the attached resolution. In addition, the PDC approved the applicant’s Design Review application.
ANALYSIS
CMC Sections 82.50 and 82.60.020 outline the requirements and procedures applicable to Tentative Parcel Maps. CMC Section 82.50.090(B) requires the Department of Community Development to “prepare a staff report to the Planning and Design Commission containing recommendations regarding the proposed” Tentative Parcel Map. Pursuant to CMC Section 82.50.110(B), the Planning and Design Commission is authorized to recommend to the City Council the approval, conditional approval, or denial of the Tentative Parcel Map. As appropriate, the Commission is to recommend the kind, nature and extent of improvements that should be constructed or installed. The recommendation is then presented to the City Council according to CMC Section 82.50.120(A). If the Tentative Parcel Map is approved, the Tentative Parcel Map will become final upon compliance with CMC Chapter 82.54 as a minor subdivision.
Off-street parking spaces will be provided in accordance with CMC 86.58, which is two spaces per unit for a total of four spaces. The approval of this Tentative Parcel Map will permit each of the two individual units to be sold separately as condominiums. The configuration of the existing lot will remain as-is with no changes proposed for the exterior lot lines.
The Tentative Parcel Map and proposed residential use are consistent with the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance, complies with the State Map Act and the Coronado Subdivision Ordinance. In addition, the plans were reviewed by the Public Services & Engineering Department and Fire Department, as well as Item 7.a
external stakeholders, such as SDG&E and California American Water, whose proposed conditions are set out in Attachment 1.
The State Subdivision Map Act and Coronado Subdivision Ordinance provide authority to local agencies to impose conditions on the approval of subdivisions. The applicant can be required to dedicate land to public use, make public improvements, pay required fees, or other conditions as needed to mitigate any adverse impacts of the subdivision on the community, to provide governmental services to subdivision residents, and to implement the requirements of the local general plan. Recommended public improvements have been incorporated into the list of conditions and are consistent with requirements of other subdivision maps.
The full size proposed Tentative Parcel Map is available to review in the Community Development Department office.
FISCAL IMPACT
None.
ALTERNATIVE
The Council may elect to modify conditions or approval or deny the Tentative Map application and make appropriate findings.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
The project is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to State CEQA Guidelines Section 15332 pertaining to in-fill development.
PUBLIC NOTICE
A public notice regarding this agenda item was published in the Coronado Eagle & Journal on April 29, 2026, and was mailed to all property owners within 300 feet of the subject property.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Resolution2026- 24
2. Tentative Parcel Map and Preliminary Grading Plan
3. Tentative Parcel Map Application
4. Declaration of Notice
Submitted By: Community Development / Marisa Smith
Item 7.a
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-xx
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONADO, CALIFORNIA APPROVING ONE-LOT TENTATIVE
PARCEL MAP TO ALLOW FOR CONDOMINIUM OWNERSHIP
OF TWO RESIDENTIAL UNITS AND DETERMINE THAT THE
PROJECT IS CATEGORICALLY EXEMPT FROM THE
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT GUIDELINES
SECTION 15332 FOR THE PROPERTY LOCATED AT 961 D
AVENUE, CORONADO, CALIFORNIA
WHEREAS, the property owner, “Model FFG, LLC, an Arizona Limited Liability Company” has, per the California Subdivision Map Act and the City of Coronado Subdivision Ordinance, requested City approval for a one-lot Tentative Parcel Map to allow for condominium ownership of two residential units at 961 D Avenue; and WHEREAS, the property is located on the east side of D Avenue at 961 D Avenue (“Property”). The lot is approximately 25 feet wide, 140 feet deep, and connects to an alley. The total lot size is 3,499square feet. The existing dwelling will be demolished and has been determined not historically significant (Tier 3) by the citywide historic resource survey. The property is surrounded by single-family and multi-family dwellings in the R-3 Zone; and WHEREAS, the zoning for the Property is “R-3 Multiple-Family Residential,” which has a minimum lot size requirement of 3,500 square feet. The size of the subject parcel is 3,499 square feet, which is below the minimum lot size. However, the project will not subdivide the property and the parcel is legal-non conforming to lot size; and WHEREAS, the Property’s General Plan Designation is Medium Density Residential, which allows up to 28 dwelling units per acre (i.e., R-3 Zone). The Project complies with the density limitation since a lot size of 3,499 square feet would allow for the two units proposed in this Project; and
WHEREAS, the Planning and Design Commission of the City of Coronado did, pursuant to Section 66452.2 of the Government Code, hold a public hearing on the Tentative Parcel Map on April 14, 2026, and subsequently adopted a motion, with findings and conditions, recommending approval to the City Council; and
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Coronado did, pursuant to Section 66452.2 of the Government Code, hold a public hearing on said subdivision request on May 5, 2026, and said public hearing was duly noticed as required by law and all persons desiring to be heard were heard at said hearing.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Project is hereby recommended to be determined to be categorically exempt from the requirements of CEQA under State CEQA Guidelines Section 15332 pertaining to In-Fill Development and that such determination be based on the following findings, which are hereby recommended based on substantial evidence in the record as a whole:
Item 7.a
1. The project is consistent with the applicable general plan designation and all applicable general plan policies as well as with applicable zoning designation and regulations;
2. The proposed development occurs within city limits on a project site of no more than five acres substantially surrounded by urban uses;
3. The project site has no value as habitat for endangered, rare, or threatened species;
4. The approval of the project would not result in any significant effects relating to traffic, noise, air quality, or water quality; and
5. The site can be adequately served by all required utilities and public services.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the approval of the Tentative Parcel Map be based on the following findings:
Findings:
1. The proposed map is consistent with the Coronado General Plan and Zoning Ordinance in that the proposed residential use and density of development are permitted under the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance requirements;
2. The site is physically suitable for the type of development. Although the legal, nonconforming lot is less than the minimum lot size (3,499 square feet versus 3,500 square feet), the lot is not changing in size or shape, and the proposed number of units is within the 28 dwelling units per-acre standard specified in the Coronado Zoning Ordinance for the R-3 Zone;
3. The design of the subdivision and the proposed improvements are not likely to cause substantial environmental damage, nor are they likely to substantially and avoidably injure fish or wildlife or their habitat. The project is categorically exempt from environmental review according to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) under Section 15332 of the CEQA Guidelines for In-Fill Development because (a) the project is consistent with the applicable general plan designation and regulations; (b) the proposed development occurs within city limits on a project site of no more than five acres substantially surrounded by urban uses; (c) the project site has no value as habitat for endangered, rare, or threatened species; (d) the approval of the project would not result in any significant effects relating to traffic, noise, air quality, or water quality; and (e) the site can be adequately served by all required utilities and public services;
4. The design of the subdivision and the type of improvements will not conflict with any easements acquired by the public at large and which are recorded or established by judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction;
5. The Tentative Parcel Map meets all the requirements of the Subdivision Map Act and the Coronado Subdivision Ordinance and was reviewed by the Public Services, Engineering, and Fire departments, as well as external stakeholders, such as SDG&E and California American Water, whose proposed conditions are incorporated below.
Item 7.a
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council’s approval of the project be subject to the following conditions which are roughly proportional to and necessary to mitigate the expected impact of or to provide service to the project:
Conditions:
Fire Department
1. OWNER shall install a NFPA 13 compliant fire sprinkler and alarm system throughout the development in accordance with the National Fire Protection Association and California Fire Code Standards to the satisfaction of the City of Coronado Fire and Community Development departments;
2. OWNER shall provide appropriate Fire Department personnel and vehicle access including access to any locked common areas. All gates or other structures or devices that could obstruct fire access roadways or otherwise hinder emergency operations are prohibited unless they meet standards approved by the Fire Department and receive specific plan approval;
3. The location of any Fire Department connection and back flow prevention device (OS&Y valve) shall be approved by the Fire Department and Community Development Department and preferably face D Avenue;
4. OWNER shall provide adequate water flow for firefighting based upon the square footage of the buildings and, if needed, OWNER shall upgrade or install a fire hydrant within the adjacent public rights-of-way in accordance with the California Fire Code standard to the satisfaction of the City of Coronado Fire Department;
San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)
6. Prior to recordation, the OWNER shall work with SDG&E to ensure that existing/proposed utilities can serve all properties. If there are any changes to the plans or if more detailed plans become available, the OWNER shall inform SDG&E accordingly.
Additionally, before any digging takes place, the owner SHALL call Dig Alert at 811 or (800) 422-4133 to request a mark-out for underground facilities.
California American Water
7. The OWNER shall provide and install individual water services/meters for each unit.
8. Prior to recordation, the OWNER shall coordinate with the water company to get the new water service installed.
Public Services & Engineering Department
9. OWNER shall maintain a minimum of three feet of clearance between driveways located on public property and any property lines extended, intersection radius, and any Item 7.a
obstructions located on public property, e.g., utility poles, fire hydrants, street trees, etc.
The relocation of any of these items to obtain the needed clearances shall be the sole responsibility of the OWNER, subject to the review and approval of the City’s Public Services and Engineering Department;
10. Any existing sewer laterals used for new development shall be videotaped, at OWNER’s expense, for its entire length to the sewer main to assess its condition and suitability for continued use. The video shall be furnished to the City of Coronado Public Services and Engineering Department in DVD format and, based on its review, repairs or replacement of the sewer line may be required, at the direction of the City of Coronado; OR
The OWNER may have 1-sewer service joint lateral connection to serve the development with appropriate CC&Rs in place for maintenance, replacement, etc. and shall be delegated in the development’s Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs). The CC&Rs shall be submitted to the Public Services and Engineering Department for review prior to the approval of the Final Map;
11. Prior to demolition, any existing sewer laterals shall be capped and staked. Sewer laterals that are not used by the proposed development shall be removed by OWNER from the City’s rights-of-way and capped within 24 inches of the sewer main under permit issued by the Public Services and Engineering Department;
12. OWNER shall underground all existing and future utilities to this site. Individual lots require separate utility service and utility easements shall be provided between the alley and the street. (Concrete replacement to accommodate the undergrounding of utilities shall be a minimum of 30 inches wide for the length of the repair). Trenches within undamaged PCC panels (without previous trench repairs or significant cracking) must remove/replace the full panel up to a maximum of 3 panels per trench per San Diego Regional Standard Drawing G-21 (Coronado-annotated version);
13. OWNER shall research and identify the location of existing utilities on the site prior to grading or excavating the site and the OWNER shall be responsible to remove any utility location “mark out” indicators or paint;
14. OWNER shall install all utilities, which are not possible to underground, such as back flow valves and transformers, on private property and said utilities shall be permanently screened from public view, at the direction of the City of Coronado Community Development Department;
15. OWNER shall remove and replace the alley adjoining the subject property (full width x length) approximately 20ft. x 25ft in accordance with City standards, San Diego Regional Standard Drawings and the direction of the City Public Services and Engineering Department; All existing City utilities within the right of way shall be raised to match all newly established adjacent grade(s);
17. OWNER shall remove and replace portions damaged during construction of adjacent public sidewalk and/or curb and gutter in accordance with City standards and the Item 7.a
San Diego Regional Standards Drawings (SDRSD), and verify limits of removal at the direction of the City Public Services and Engineering Department;
18. The adjacent public sidewalk and alley shall remain safe, smooth and free of all trip or travel hazards during construction. OWNER shall repair any public paving damaged (e.g., sidewalk, curb, gutter, alley, street) during the course of this project at the direction of the City’s Public Services and Engineering Department. All repairs to public property shall be in accordance with City standards and the San Diego Regional Standard Drawings;
19. OWNER shall have a California licensed land surveyor install survey monuments at all property corners with locations indicated on the final parcel map and any monuments disturbed during construction shall be replaced by a licensed land surveyor at OWNER’s expense;
20. OWNER shall assure that the storage of building materials, equipment, or containers (other than for refuse purposes) in the City right-of-way does not occur;
21. OWNER shall apply for an encroachment permit from the Public Services and Engineering Department for any amenities proposed for the adjoining public rights-of-way and the OWNER shall assume responsibility for costs associated with the construction and maintenance of said amenities;
22. OWNER shall assure that all work performed outside of the private property lines shall conform to the San Diego Regional Standard Drawings and Coronado Special Construction Provisions and prior to construction, a right-of-way permit shall be obtained from the Public Services and Engineering Department;
23. OWNER shall comply with the City of Coronado’s policy for proposed construction of subterranean garages/cellars, as warranted by the improvement plan;
24. The temporary disposal of extracted groundwater from a site into City infrastructure (either sewer or storm drain systems) requires approval and issuance of a temporary dewatering permit from the Public Services & Engineering Department. However, the issuance of a dewatering permit is not guaranteed. If a dewatering permit is issued the OWNER will be responsible for payment of fees including treatment costs on a per gallon basis. Furthermore, groundwater discharges, including foundation, footing, and retaining wall sub drains, that are conveyed by a permanent passive or mechanical dewatering system designed to relieve hydrostatic pressure, are prohibited from draining to City infrastructure. Developments that anticipate the need for either temporary or permanent dewatering activity of any kind are encouraged to talk to the Public Services & Engineering Department as soon as possible;
25. OWNER shall maintain on-street parking spaces, parking and traffic markings, and signage adjacent to the subject property except as required to be modified to provide vehicle ingress and egress to the property or for temporary activity during construction as permitted by the City’s Public Services and Engineering Department; Item 7.a
26. OWNER shall submit for approval by the City of Coronado a Drainage and Grading Plan in their proposed building permit plans for the purposes of justifying any onsite grading, drainage and improvements;
27. In accordance with Chapter 60.12 of the Coronado Municipal Code, a wastewater capacity fee will be charged prior to building permit issuance for sewer service connections to the sanitary sewer system;
28. Due to the size and depth of the parkway, no street trees are required;
29. OWNER shall provide, plant, protect, irrigate, and maintain or replace the existing street tree(s) within the adjacent street public parkway in accordance with Chapter 52.32 of the Coronado Municipal Code at the direction of the City of Coronado Public Services and Engineering Department. Said trees shall be protected with an expandable collar, no turf or rocks shall be permitted within 12 inches of the trunk, 2-feet on each side of tree trunk flare will have 2-inches of mulch, and all street trees shall be irrigated with bubblers from an independent automatic irrigation system (separate from turf or other landscaping within the parkway);
30. OWNER shall install linear root barriers adjacent to all existing and newly planted shade trees on public or private property, which are within 10 feet of any public sidewalk, street or alley. Said barriers shall be installed adjacent to the sidewalk and curb face to extend 8 feet to each side of center of the tree installed and not encircle the trees. The barrier shall be a minimum of 12” and a maximum of 18” in depth and shall be either hard plastic or fabric impregnated with a root inhibitor (bio-barrier);
31. OWNER shall provide an area on private property, accessible by all occupants, for the storage of trash and recyclable materials to the satisfaction of the City of Coronado;
32. OWNER shall provide an area on private property, accessible by all occupants, for the storage of trash and recyclable materials to the satisfaction of the City of Coronado; During project planning and design, the OWNER shall incorporate effective construction and post-construction Best Management Practices and provide all necessary studies and reports as determined by the Public Services and Engineering Department Director demonstrating compliance with the applicable regulations and standards. All project OWNERs shall complete and submit the City's Storm Water Project Assessment Form (Form I-1 & I-2) to determine the project's construction and post-construction storm water categories. The category determines the requirements for the project. The Storm Water Assessment Form is available at:
https://www.coronado.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/4926/Storm-Water-AssessmentForms-I-1-and-I-2and shall be completed and submitted to the City of Coronado with the initial submittal to the City's Building Department counter, attention Public Services & Engineering;
33. Prior to approval of any and all demolition, construction, and building permits for the project, OWNER shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Public Services and Engineering Department Director compliance with all of the applicable provisions of the following and any amendments thereto:
Item 7.a
a. The City of Coronado Stormwater and Urban Runoff Management and Discharge Control (CMC Chapter 61.04).
b. NPDES Municipal Permit No. CAS0109266 (San Deigo Regional Water Quality Control Board Order No. R9-2013-0001 or re-issuances thereof). c. NPDES Construction Permit No. CAS000002 (State Water Resources Control Board Order No. R9-2012-0006 DWQ or re-issuances thereof).
Community Development Department
34. OWNER shall comply with all applicable laws;
35. All existing structures shall be demolished prior to recordation of the Final Map;
36. OWNER shall reserve 20% of the units within the development “for rental” to persons qualified by the County Housing Authority as meeting Section 8 Rental Assistance requirements or to persons qualifying within very low and low income categories as established annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), or “for sale” to persons qualifying within moderate income categories as established annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), or shall pay a fee in lieu thereof of $25 per square-foot of living area for every unit within the project, at the option of the subdivider, for the purpose of providing affordable housing assistance in accordance with Chapter 82.21 of the Coronado Municipal Code (CMC);
37. OWNER shall assure that any common areas and easements are identified and described on the Final Map;
38. OWNER shall comply with and, if there are CC&Rs, include in said CC&Rs:
a. That no existing or future utility lines be permitted outside of the lot or private interest spaces (separate interest spaces or units) of which they serve unless located within a common area or an easement approved by the City of Coronado; b. That common area or reciprocal pedestrian easements be provided to allow all private occupants of the property access the street. Where fences or walls are proposed, gates shall be provided to give said occupants access to the street.
Trash receptacles shall not be located where it blocks pedestrian or vehicular access to the alley;
c. Easements and/or rights providing for pedestrian and vehicle access, utilities and/or other purposes, for each proposed condominium unit, are to be specified in any condominium plans and/or conveyances of any unit constructed within the boundaries of the Final Map. Any vehicle access driveway and vehicle maneuvering/turnaround space adjacent to garages or parking spaces shall be shared by all OWNERs;
d. That two required off-street parking spaces be provided for each dwelling with each space specifically assigned to each dwelling unit and clearly marked for such dwelling or use;
Item 7.a
e. That each off-street parking space required for all dwellings be continuously maintained free and unobstructed, with adequate ingress and egress, and not used for any use other than parking of motor vehicles;
f. That any present or future outside storage of trash be accessible by all occupants and be enclosed within a minimum 5-foot-high wall with gate which shall be on private property and approved by the City of Coronado Community Development Department;
g. That each proposed dwelling unit held as a condominium form of ownership shall be provided with a minimum of 200 cubic feet of storage space per dwelling, in addition to closets customarily provided, in accordance with the Zoning Ordinance;
h. That none of the covenants, conditions and restrictions required by this condition shall be deleted, amended or modified without the prior written approval of the City of Coronado;
39. OWNER shall assure that no existing or future utility lines be permitted outside of the lot of which they serve unless located within an easement approved by the City of Coronado;
40. OWNER shall assure that any easements be identified and described on the Final Map;
41. If the above conditions have not been completed and accepted in accordance with standards established by the City prior to approval of the Final Map, then the subdivider shall enter into a secured agreement with the City for 100% of the estimated cost of constructing the improvements and performing the conditions before the Final Map is approved pursuant to CMC Sections 82.16.060 - 82.16.110. Said agreement shall be prepared and recorded with the County Recorder’s Office. If the above conditions are not completed prior to approval of the Final Map and a secured agreement is approved, all of the above conditions shall be completed to the satisfaction of the City of Coronado prior to any newly constructed dwelling’s building permit being finaled or occupancy permitted;
42. The OWNER shall defend (with counsel acceptable to City), indemnify, and hold harmless the City, its agents, officers, and employees from any and all claims, actions, proceedings, damages, judgments, or costs, including attorney’s fees, against the City or its agents, officers, or employees, relating to the issuance of this permit including, but not limited to, any action to attack, set aside, void, challenge, or annul this development approval and any environmental document or decision. The City will promptly notify the OWNER of any claim, action, or proceeding. The City may elect to conduct its own defense, participate in its own defense, or obtain independent legal counsel in defense of any claim related to this indemnification. In the event of such election, the OWNER shall pay all of the costs related thereto, including without limitation reasonable attorney’s fees and costs. In the event of a disagreement between the City and OWNER regarding litigation issues, the City shall have the authority to control the litigation and make litigation related decisions, including, but not limited to, settlement or other disposition of the matter.
However, the OWNER shall not be required to pay or perform any settlement unless such settlement is approved by the OWNER;
Item 7.a
43. In accordance with Coronado Municipal Code Section 82.50.130(A) and State Government Code Section 66452.6, the Tentative Map shall expire 24 months after City Council approval.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, this 5th day of May, 2026 by the following vote, to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
John Duncan, Mayor
City of Coronado
Attest:
_________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
Item 7.a
Attachment 2 Item 7.a
Attachment 2 Item 7.a
Attachment 3
Item 7.a
Revised 01/15/2020
CITY OF CORONADO
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
In the Matter of the Notice of Meeting for
961 D Avenue
DECLARATION OF NOTICE BY MAIL
AND/OR
PUBLISHED LEGAL NOTICE
I, Priscilla De Vera, declare:
That I am a Citizen of the United States over the age of eighteen years, that I am employed within the County of San Diego, California, by the City of Coronado, and my business address is 1825 Strand Way, Coronado, California, that I mailed and/or published a legal notice, a true and correct copy of which is ATTACHED HERETO and made a part hereof, that such notices were mailed and/or will be printed in a newspaper of general circulation for the Regular Meeting of the City Council on May 5, 2026.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Published legal notice and mailing executed on April 22, 2026 at Coronado, California. ______________________________________
Priscilla De Vera, Administrative Coordinator
City of Coronado
Attachment 5
Item 7.a
CITY OF CORONADO
LEGAL NOTICE
(April 22, 2026)
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN on TUESDAY, May 5, 2026, at 4:00 p.m., the City Council of the City of Coronado at City Hall Council Chambers located at 1825 Strand Way, Coronado, California, will hold a public hearing to consider the following item:
961 D Avenue (PC2026-01) – This project is a request for a one-lot Tentative Parcel Map to allow for condominium ownership of two residential units and determination that the project is categorically exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15332 (InFill Projects).
ALL INTERESTED PERSONS are invited to provide testimony relative to the above item at the subject meeting and/or submit written comments prior to the meeting. Under California Government Code 65009, if you challenge the nature of the proposed action in court, you may be limited to raising only those issues you or someone else raised at the public hearings described in this notice, or in written correspondence delivered to the City at, or prior to, the public hearing.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT Jesse Brown, Principal Planner, at [email protected].
A copy of the staff report and the City Council agenda will be available for public viewing no later than Friday afternoon, May 1, 2026 at Coronado City Hall, at the Coronado Library, and online at www.coronado.ca.us.
KELSEA HOLIAN, MMC, CPM
City Clerk
April 22, 2026
Attachment 5
Item 7.a
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Public Hearing: Proposition 218 Hearing; Approval of “A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, Approving the Rate Adjustments for Sanitary Sewer Services” and Introduction of an Ordinance Amending Chapter 60.08 of the Coronado Municipal Code Revising Procedures for Setting Rates for Sanitary Sewer Services
RECOMMENDATION
Conduct the Proposition 218 hearing, adopt Resolution 2026-24 approving the rate adjustments for sanitary sewer services and introduce Ordinance 2026-02 amending Chapter 60.08 of the Coronado Municipal Code (CMC).
BACKGROUND
The City engaged a professional rate consultant, Raftelis Financial Services, (Raftelis) to evaluate the City’s cost of providing wastewater services as compared to revenue received from current wastewater rates charged to customers, and to provide recommended adjustments to rates in order to ensure that rate revenue adequately covers the City’s costs of providing the service in accordance with Proposition 218. Prior to the recent study, the most recent analysis was done in 2014; the City Council approved Ordinance No. 2045, codified in Coronado Municipal Code Section 60.08.050, which set the wastewater rates from July 1, 2015, through July 1, 2019.
Raftelis prepared the FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study (Attachment 1) and concluded that adjustments are warranted for the City’s wastewater rates, in the amounts shown on the Proposed Rates FY 2027- 2031 (Attachment 2, Exhibit A), in order to adequately cover the City’s costs of providing wastewater services to its customers. The proposed rate updates include annual updates to wastewater rates after the initial effective date on July 1, 2026, through July 1, 2030.
On March 17, 2026, the City Council approved staff’s recommendation to initiate the Proposition 218 noticing process for proposed sanitary sewer rate adjustments all customer classifications and established a public hearing date of May 5, 2026.
Under Proposition 218, in addition to the substantive requirements for estimating costs and calculating rates as detailed in the Raftelis rate study, the City is also required to comply with procedural requirements to inform and engage property owners in the review of the proposed rate updates. In general, those requirements include mailing a notice of public hearing to property owners at least 45 days prior to a public hearing. In the notice (Attachment 3), the owners are apprised of basic elements of the proposed update to the wastewater rates, where to obtain additional information, and how to submit a “written protest” up until the time the public hearing is closed. If the City receives written protests from owners representing a majority of parcels served by the City’s wastewater system, the City is not authorized to approve the rate update.
In accordance with Proposition 218 requirements, a total of 10,709 notices were mailed to the 7,585 parcel owners, impacted by the proposed rate increases, as well as to current tenants and residents, at the physical service address. The City Council will not be authorized to move forward with approving the rate recommendations for FY 2027-2031 if protests are received from 3,794 property owners (50% + 1).
ANALYSIS
The Raftelis study included recommendations for rate adjustments across all customer classifications to Item 7.b
ensure the City has adequate revenue over the next five-year period to cover its operations/maintenance, debt service, capital project and reserve requirements. Impacted property owners and rate payers were apprised of the proposed rate cases via a written notice mailed on March 20, 2026, in accordance with Proposition 218 requirements. Additional information was made available via the Project Coronado website and the public hearing notice was published in the Coronado Eagle. At the time of this report submittal, a total of 0 protests had been received. If at the conclusion of the public hearing, if 3,793 or fewer protests are received by the city, it is staff’s recommendation that City Council move forward with approving the rate increases by adopting “A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, Approving the Rates for Sanitary Sewer Services,” (Attachment 2) for fiscal years 2027-2031, and approve the introduction of an “Ordinance Adopting Revised Rates for Sanitary Sewer Service and Amending Sections of Chapter 68.08 of the Coronado Municipal Code.” As a part of this action, staff also recommends Council approve the first reading of the attached ordinance which updates the procedures by which sewer service charge amounts (“sewer rates”) will be approved by resolution of the City Council. This will update the past procedure set forth in Coronado Municipal Code (“CMC”) Section 60.08.050, by which City Council adopted sewer rates by ordinance. While the City Council is authorized to approve sewer rates by resolution without amending the municipal code, the modified ordinance will update Section 60.08.050 to more clearly explain the City’s procedures to the public. This updated procedure is consistent with the majority of California municipalities that operate a sewer utility, and it is consistent with standard municipal practices by which codified ordinances are focused on policy matters that are generally longer term, while the calculation of the amounts of fees and charges are typically set by Council resolution to allow flexibility in considering adjustments due to unforeseen circumstances. Any future change to a sewer rate will be subject to the public notice and hearing requirements of Proposition 218, as summarized in this staff report and the attached resolution.
Upon Council approval of the introduction of the recommended ordinance, staff will return to Council at the next meeting on May 19, 2026, to recommend second reading and adoption of the ordinance.
FISCAL IMPACT
If the proposed rates are approved, it will result in an annual increase in the overall revenue received from wastewater rates of 8.5% which is anticipated to result in additional revenues of approximately $628,000 annually and will be incorporated in the proposed FY 2026-27 budget. Year one of the fee study will calibrate the charges per customer class based upon the most current data available and Raftelis’ analysis of the appropriate charge per customer class. The increased rates will result in the City meeting its revenue requirement that includes all anticipated operations, capital improvement, debt service and operations reserves for the five-year period.
ALTERNATIVE
The City Council may direct staff to return to a future meeting with a recommended alternative wastewater rate structure, including an analysis of impacts of reduced rate revenue on the City’s ability to provide wastewater services.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
This action is not subject to CEQA.
PUBLIC NOTICE
In addition to the aforementioned 218 notices being mailed and the rate information being published on the City’s website, a legal notice was published in the Coronado Eagle on April 22, 2026.
ATTACHMENTS
1.2027 Rate Study
2. Resolution 2026-26
3. 218 Mailing Receipt & Proof
4. Declaration of Published Legal Notice
Item 7.b
5. Ordinance 2026-02
Submitted By: Public Services and Engineering / Denise Johnson Item 7.b
FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
February 16, 2026
CITY OF
Coronado
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
This page intentionally left blank to facilitate two-sided printing Attachment 1
Item 7.b
3755 S. Capital of Texas Highway
Suite 245
Austin, TX 78704
www.raftelis.com
February 16, 2026
Ms. Denise Johnson
Administration Manager
City of Coronado
101 B Avenue
Coronado, CA 92118
Subject: Fiscal Year (FY) 2027 Wastewater Rate Study Report Dear Ms. Johnson,
Raftelis is pleased to provide this Wastewater Rate Study Report for the City of Coronado (City). The major objectives of the sewer rate study included:
• The development of a Wastewater Enterprise Fund financial plan and revenue requirement forecast for the five-year period FY 2027 through FY 2031.
• The completion of a cost of service study service study that estimates the cost of providing service to each of the City’s wastewater customer classes.
• Proposed rates for the period FY 2027 through FY 2031 developed in a manner that complies with the intent of Proposition 218.
• Recommendations regarding potential alternative wastewater rate structures.
The report summarizes the key findings and recommendations associated with the study. It has been a pleasure working with you, and we thank you and the City staff for the support provided during the course of this study.
Sincerely,
John J. Wright
Senior Manager
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
Table of Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................ 1 I. Financial Plan Summary............................................................................................1 II. Cost of Service Study Summary ...............................................................................2 III. Summary of Proposed Rates ....................................................................................3 IV. Recommendation .......................................................................................................5
2. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 6 I. Study Background .....................................................................................................6 II. The Coronado Wastewater System ..........................................................................6 III. Legal Requirements ...................................................................................................6 IV. The Rate Setting Methodology..................................................................................7 V. Compliance.................................................................................................................7
3. FINANCIAL PLANNING ............................................................. 8 I. The Financial Planning Process ...............................................................................8 II. Projected Customers .................................................................................................9 III. Projected Customer Water Consumption ................................................................9 IV. Projected Revenue at Current Rates ......................................................................10 V. Projected Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues.......................................................11 VI. Projected Operating Expenses ...............................................................................11 VII. Projected Capital Improvement Expenditures.......................................................12 VIII. Projected FY 2027 – FY 2031 Financial Plan..........................................................13
4. COS ANALYSIS ....................................................................... 15 I. Cost of Service Methodology ..................................................................................15 II. Revenue Requirement Cost Components..............................................................15 III. Allocation To Cost Causation Components...........................................................16 IV. Determination of Customer Class Units Of Service ..............................................18 V. Allocation of Inflow And Infiltraton.........................................................................21 VI. Unit Cost Of Service for Cost Causation Components.........................................22 VII. Customer Class Revenue Requirement ................................................................. 23
5. RATE CALCULATION ............................................................. 25 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
I. Rate Calculation For Non-Navy Customers ...........................................................25 II. Rate Calculation for Navy Customers ....................................................................25 III. Summary FY 2027 Rate Comparison......................................................................26 IV. Comparison of Proposed SFU and MFU Rates......................................................27 V. Proposed Rates Through FY 2031 ..........................................................................28
6. ALTERNATIVE RATE STRUCTURES .................................... 29 I. Consideration of Alternative Rate Structures........................................................29 II. Recommendation .....................................................................................................29 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Proposed Annual Revenue Adjustments........................................................................................ 1 Table 1-2 Financial Plan and Revenue Requirement Projection................................................................... 2 Table 1-3 Cost of Service Study Results ......................................................................................................... 3 Table 1-4 Proposed FY 2027 Rates................................................................................................................... 4 Table 1-5 Proposed Rates FY 2027 - FY 2031.................................................................................................. 4 Table 3-1 Projected Customer Growth............................................................................................................. 9 Table 3-2 Projected Customer Water Consumption..................................................................................... 10 Table 3-3 Projected Revenue at Current Rates............................................................................................. 11 Table 3-4 Projected Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues ............................................................................. 11 Table 3-5 Projected Operating Expenses ...................................................................................................... 12 Table 3-6 Operating Expense Inflation Factors............................................................................................. 12 Table 3-7 Projected Capital Improvement Expenditures ............................................................................. 13 Table 3-8 Financial Plan and Revenue Requirement Projection................................................................. 14 Table 4-1 FY 2027 Revenue Requirement Cost Components...................................................................... 15 Table 4-2 Cost Causation Components ......................................................................................................... 16 Table 4-3 Allocation of Operating Costs to Cost Causation Components ................................................ 16 Table 4-4 Operating Cost Transportation Flow Allocation .......................................................................... 17 Table 4-5 Operating Cost Metro JPA Treatment Cost Allocation(1) ............................................................ 17 Table 4-6 Allocation of Capital Costs to Cost Causation Components ..................................................... 17 Table 4-7 Allocation of Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues to Causation Components ......................... 18 Table 4-8 Summary of Allocations to Cost Causation Components.......................................................... 18 Table 4-9 Key Assumptions in the Units of Service Determination............................................................ 19 Table 4-10 Estimated Customer Flow Contributions to the Metro JPA...................................................... 20 Table 4-11 Estimated Customer Strength Contributions to the Metro JPA............................................... 20 Table 4-12 Units of Service After the Allocation of Inflow and Infiltration................................................. 21 Table 4-13 Unit Cost of Service Calculation.................................................................................................. 23 Table 4-14 Calculation of the FY 2027 Customer Class Revenue Requirement ....................................... 23 Table 5-1 Rate Calculation for Non-Navy Customers................................................................................... 25 Table 5-2 FY 2027 Navy Rate Calculation...................................................................................................... 26 Table 5-3 FY 2027 Detailed Rate Comparison............................................................................................... 27 Table 5-4 SFU and MFU GPD per Dwelling Unit (2015 Master Plan)........................................................... 28 Table 5-5 Proposed Rates Through FY 2030................................................................................................. 28 Table 6-1 Hypothetical Wastewater Rate Structure...................................................................................... 29 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
Abbreviations List
ADU Accessory Dwelling Units
APN Assessor’s Parcel Number
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Cal Am California American Water Company
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CUSD Coronado Unified School District
CCF* Centum Cubic Feet
CIP Capital Improvement Program
COS Cost of Service
FY Fiscal Year
G&A General & Administrative
gpd Gallons per day
HCF* Hundred Cubic Feet
LACSD Los Angeles County Sanitation District
O&M Operations & Maintenance
Metro JPA San Diego Metropolitan Wastewater Joint Powers Authority MFU Multi-family Unit
MG Million Gallons
mg/l Milligrams per Liter
Navy NAB Navy Naval Amphibious Base
Navy NASNI Navy Naval Air Station North Island
OPEX Operating Expenses
SANDAG San Diego Association of Governments
SFU Single Family Unit
TSS Total Suspended Solids
WEF Water Environment Federation
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
1 1. Executive Summary
I. FINANCIAL PLAN SUMMARY
The Wastewater Enterprise Fund financial plan was developed for the 5-year period FY 2027 - FY 2031. If current wastewater rates remain unchanged (i.e., if there are no rate increases) projected Wastewater Enterprise Fund cash reserves will be inadequate as they are drawn down to sustain operations. In FY 2030, ending cash reserves will fall below a minimum target equivalent to 180 days (50%) of annual operating expenses and in FY 2031 ending cash reserves will fall below $0.
It is recommended that total system rate revenues be increased by 8.5% annually in FY 2027 - FY 2031. Table 1-1 shows these proposed percentage increases. It is important to note that an 8.5% total system rate revenue increase does not mean that each customer will experience an 8.5% bill increase. The actual bill increases/decreases experienced by customers will depend on their customer class cost of service and their individual usage characteristics.
Table 1-1 Proposed Annual Revenue Adjustments
Item FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031
Annual Increase 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5%
Month Effective July July July July July
Table 1-2 shows a summary financial plan and revenue requirement forecast for the period FY 2027 – FY 2031. The key items to note in Table 1-2 include:
• Line 1 shows that the proposed 8.5% annual revenue increases in FY 2027 through FY 2031. • Line 5 shows the projected FY 2027 - FY 2031 revenue requirement from rates (i.e., projected required rate revenue). In FY 2027 this value is $8.02 million ($8,015,939). • Line 22 shows that in all years through FY 2031, the projected ending cash reserves are greater than the minimum cash reserve target. The recommended minimum target is equivalent to 180 days (50%) of projected annual O&M).
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
2 Table 1-2 Financial Plan and Revenue Requirement Projection Line Item FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031
1 Annual Percentage Rate Revenue Increases 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 8.5% 2 3 Revenues at Current Rates $7,387,962 $7,387,962 $7,387,962 $7,387,962 $7,387,962 4 Revenue from Rate Adjustments $627,977 $1,309,332 $2,048,601 $2,850,709 $3,720,996 5 Total Rate Revenues $8,015,939 $8,697,294 $9,436,563 $10,238,671 $11,108,958 6 7 Non-Rate Revenues $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 8 Total Revenues $8,734,939 $9,416,294 $10,155,563 $10,957,671 $11,827,958 9 10 Operations and Maintenance Expense $5,695,239 $5,630,181 $6,132,902 $5,956,707 $6,618,546 11 Metro JPA Treatment Costs $2,906,545 $2,901,010 $2,756,250 $3,307,500 $3,038,766 12 Debt Service Expenditures $371,101 $371,101 $371,101 $371,101 $371,101 13 Rate Financed CIP Expenditures $3,244,800 $3,374,592 $3,509,576 $3,649,959 $2,024,510 14 Total Expenditures $12,217,685 $12,276,884 $12,769,829 $13,285,267 $12,052,923 15 16 Net Operating Cash Flow -$3,482,746 -$2,860,590 -$2,614,266 -$2,327,596 -$224,965 17 18 Beginning Cash Reserves $16,619,269 $13,136,523 $10,275,933 $7,661,667 $5,334,071 19 Add/Subtract Net Operating Cash Flow -$3,482,746 -$2,860,590 -$2,614,266 -$2,327,596 -$224,965 20 Ending Cash Balance $13,136,523 $10,275,933 $7,661,667 $5,334,071 $5,109,106 21 Target Reserves (180 Days of Annual
OPEX)* $4,486,443 $4,451,146 $4,630,126 $4,817,654 $5,014,206 22 Variance from Target $8,650,080 $5,824,787 $3,031,541 $516,417 $94,900 *50% of the total of lines 10, 11 and 12.
II. COST OF SERVICE STUDY SUMMARY
A cost of service (COS) study was conducted for FY 2027, the first year of the FY 2027-2031 planning horizon. The purpose of a COS study is to estimate the cost to provide service to different classes of customers based on, and in proportion to, their unique demand characteristics.
As shown in Table 1-3, there are rate adjustments proposed for each customer class. The key items to note in Table 1-3 include:
• The customer classes shown in Table 1-3 are the same as those used in the City’s current rate structure. As discussed later in this report, modifications to the City’s method for billing customers should be made before any alternative rate structure can be implemented.
• For some customer classes, there are significant differences between the estimated FY 2027 COS and projected FY 2027 revenue from current rates.; for example, Multi-Family Residential customers (Line 2) and Small Restaurant customers (Line 5). These types of imbalances can occur when customer specific consumption data is not available or there are significant changes to customer demand characteristics. • The methods used to estimate customer demand characteristics in this study differ from those used in the City’s most recent COS study which was completed in 2014; for example, billing units such as residential dwelling units, metered water consumption and associated wastewater discharge volumes, and wastewater discharge strength loadings.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
3 • Line 17 compares the estimated FY 2027 COS of $7.39 million ($7,387,962) to projected FY 2027 revenues at current rates of $8.02 million ($8,015,939). Their percentage difference between these two amounts is
8.5%. This matches the FY 2027 financial planning revenue increase shown in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2.
Table 1-3 Cost of Service Study Results
Line Customer Class
FY 2027
Revenue at
Current Rates
FY 2027 Cost
of Service $ Difference % Difference
1 Single Family Residential $2,709,135 $3,083,171 $374,036 13.81% 2 Multi-Family Residential $2,128,932 $1,457,553 ($671,379) -31.54% 3 Hotel (per room) $433,524 $451,944 $18,420 4.25%
4 Commercial $275,839 $464,831 $188,992 68.52%
5 Small Restaurant (Up to 50
seats) $19,860 $39,804 $19,944 100.42%
6 Medium Restaurant (51-150
seats) $39,016 $38,217 ($799) -2.05%
7 Large Restaurant (Over 150
seats) $73,994 $87,783 $13,788 18.63%
8 Boat Slips (per slip) $4,596 $7,688 $3,092 67.28%
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $192,305 $245,898 $53,593 27.87% 10 Laundry Lounge $7,196 $8,140 $944 13.12%
11 Port of San Diego $1,755 $2,119 $364 20.75%
12 School $105,560 $121,614 $16,054 15.21%
13 Hospital $45,390 $52,224 $6,834 15.06%
14 Navy NAB $345,986 $501,846 $155,860 45.05%
15 Navy NASNI $970,490 $1,407,552 $437,062 45.04%
16 Navy Coastal Campus $34,382 $45,555 $11,173 32.50%
17 Total $7,387,962 $8,015,939 $627,977 8.50%
III. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED RATES
The final step in the COS study process is the development of proposed rates. The rate is calculated by dividing the FY 2027 COS calculated for each customer class by the projected number of FY 2027 billing units. Table 14 shows proposed FY 2027 rates compared to current rates.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
4 Table 1-4 Proposed FY 2027 Monthly Rates
Line Customer Class Billing Unit Current
Rate*
Proposed
Rate
$
Difference
%
Difference
1 Single Family Unit (SFU) Dwelling
Units/Month $48.75 $55.48 $6.73 13.81%
2 Multi-family Unit (MFU) Dwelling
Units/Month $39.00 $26.70 ($12.30) -31.54%
3 Hotel (per room) Hotel
Room/Month $19.72 $20.56 $0.84 4.25%
4 Commercial Accounts/Month $58.94 $99.32 $40.38 68.52% 5 Small Restaurant (up to 50 seats) Accounts
(1)/Month $44.73 $89.65 $44.92 100.42%
6 Medium Restaurant (51-150 seats) Accounts
(1)/Month $203.21 $199.05 ($4.16) -2.05%
7 Large Restaurant (>150 seats) Accounts
(1)/Month $616.62 $731.52 $114.90 18.63%
8 Boat Slips (per slip) Boat Slip/Month $7.66 $12.81 $5.15 67.28% 9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry ccf Flow (2) $5.38 $6.88 $1.50 27.87% 10 Laundry Lounge (laundromat) ccf Flow (2) $4.52 $5.11 $0.59 13.12% 11 Port of San Diego ccf Flow (2) $4.41 $5.33 $0.92 20.75% 12 School ccf Flow (2) $4.46 $5.14 $0.68 15.21%
13 Hospital ccf Flow (2) $4.69 $5.40 $0.71 15.06%
14 Navy NAB (Transportation Only) MG Flow (3) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $1,592.71 45.05% 15 Navy NASNI (Transportation Only) MG Flow (3) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $1,592.71 45.04% 16 Navy Coastal Campus (Transportation
Only) MG Flow (3) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $1,592.71 45.0%
17 Navy Coastal Campus (BOD) (4) 1,000 pounds $337.02 $428.68 $91.66 27.20% 18 Navy Coastal Campus (TSS) (5) 1,000 pounds $356.51 $640.43 $283.92 79.64% 19 20 (1) APN = Assessor's Parcel Number
21 (2) ccf = Hundred Cubic Feet
22 (3) MG = Million Gallons
23 (4) BOD = Biochemical Oxygen Demand
24 (5) TSS = Total Suspended Solids
*Rates from July 1, 2018
Table 15 shows proposed rates for the 5-year period FY 2027 – FY 2031. The projected rates shown for FY 2027 – FY 2031 reflect the annual percentage rate revenue adjustments shown in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2. Specifically, the proposed rates are an increase of 8.5% annually in FY 2027 – FY 2031.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
5 Table 1-5 Proposed Monthly Rates FY 2027 - FY 2031
Line Customer Class Current* FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 1 SFU $48.75 $55.48 $60.20 $65.31 $70.86 $76.89
2 MFU $39.00 $26.70 $28.97 $31.43 $34.10 $37.00
3 Hotel $19.72 $20.56 $22.31 $24.20 $26.26 $28.49
4 Commercial $58.94 $99.32 $107.77 $116.93 $126.86 $137.65 5 Small Restaurant $44.73 $89.65 $97.27 $105.54 $114.51 $124.24 6 Medium Restaurant $203.21 $199.05 $215.97 $234.32 $254.24 $275.85 7 Large Restaurant $616.62 $731.52 $793.70 $861.17 $934.36 $1,013.79 8 Boat Slips $7.66 $12.81 $13.90 $15.08 $16.37 $17.76
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $5.38 $6.88 $7.46 $8.10 $8.79 $9.53 10 Laundry Lounge $4.52 $5.11 $5.55 $6.02 $6.53 $7.09
11 Port of San Diego $4.41 $5.33 $5.78 $6.27 $6.80 $7.38 12 School $4.46 $5.14 $5.58 $6.05 $6.56 $7.12
13 Hospital $4.69 $5.40 $5.85 $6.35 $6.89 $7.48
14 Navy NAB
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 15 Navy NASNI
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 16 Navy Coastal Campus
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 17 Navy Coastal Campus
(BOD Strength) $337.02 $428.68 $465.12 $504.65 $547.55 $594.09 18 Navy Coastal Campus
(TSS Strength) $356.51 $640.43 $694.87 $753.93 $818.01 $887.54 *Rates from July 1, 2018
IV. RECOMMENDATION
The City’s current wastewater rate structure uses several types of billing units. It is different from other types of rate structures commonly used by California wastewater utilities due to its unique customer specific rate classes. Because of the limited consumption data availability and by parcel billing that combines land use or customer account types, the City has historically used the best data available to assess customer classifications based upon equivalent dwelling units that assessed a fee relative to a single family unit. To the extent possible, the City should continue to work with Cal Am so that water consumption data for all customers is available to regularly assess and assign rates to each wastewater customer account. This information can then be used to: 1) consider the implementation of a simpler and more contemporary rate structure; 2) efficiently bill more types of customers using $/ccf commodity charges; and 3) conduct rate studies on a more consistent basis.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
6 2. Introduction
I. STUDY BACKGROUND
The City of Coronado (City) last completed a wastewater cost of service (COS) study in 2014 with rates increasing from FY 2015 to FY 2019, with rates unchanged in six years. To assess the adequacy of current wastewater rates, and their alignment with the requirements of Proposition 218, the City retained the services of Raftelis to conduct a wastewater rate study update. The major objectives of the study included:
• The development of a Wastewater Enterprise Fund financial plan and revenue requirement forecast for the five-year period FY 2027 through FY 2031.
• The completion of a cost of service study that estimates the cost of providing service to each of the City’s sewer customer classes.
• Proposed rates for the period FY 2027 through FY 2031 developed in a manner that complies with the intent of Proposition 218.
• Recommendations regarding potential alternative wastewater rate structures.
II. THE CORONADO WASTEWATER SYSTEM
The City operates a wastewater collection system that transports the wastewater discharges received from approximately 15,100 service connections associated with a population of approximately 20,000 people. Customer wastewater discharges are primarily associated with residential customers, commercial customers, and three United States Navy facilities.
The City is approximately 7.4 square miles in size and fully built-out. The wastewater system includes 45 miles of wastewater mains and 17 pump stations. The City is a member of the San Diego Metropolitan Wastewater Joint Powers Authority (Metro JPA) which uses City of San Diego wastewater treatment plants to provide wholesale wastewater treatment services to 15 utilities located across the County of San Diego. Wastewater is transmitted to the City of San Diego through Coronado’s Transbay Pump Station and Force Main.
The United States Navy facilities served by the City are the Naval Amphibious Base Coronado (Navy NAB), Naval Air Station North Island (Navy NASNI), and the Naval Base Coronado Coastal Campus (Navy Coastal Campus).
The Navy NAB and NASNI facilities have industrial wastewater discharge permits. They directly pay the Metro JPA for transportation and treatment services within the Metro JPA system. The City transports the wastewater from these two Naval facilities to the Metro JPA and the Navy pays the City for transportation. The Navy Coastal Campus does not have an industrial wastewater discharge permit or agreement with City of San Diego and therefore the rates they pay the City include both transportation and Metro JPA transportation and treatment costs.
III. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
In November 1996, California voters approved Proposition 218, which amended the California Constitution by adding Articles XIII C and Article XIII D. Article XIII D placed certain limitations on the use of revenue collected from property-related fees and charges and on the amount of the fee or charge that may be imposed on each parcel by governmental agencies. Additionally, it established procedural requirements for imposing new, or increasing existing, property-related fees and charges.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
7 The substantive requirements in Article XIII D place limitations on (1) the use of the revenue collected from propertyrelated fees and charges and (2) the allocation of costs recovered by such fees or charges to ensure that they are proportionate to the cost of providing the service(s) attributable to each parcel.
Ultimately, a determination of whether utility rates comply with Proposition 218 can only be made by a court of competent jurisdiction. Raftelis is not a law firm, and we offer no legal opinion on District compliance with Proposition 218.
IV. THE RATE SETTING METHODOLOGY
The wastewater rates discussed in this report developed using the principles described in the Water Environment Federation (WEF) publication, Manual of Practice No 27, Financing and Charges for Wastewater Systems (WEF Manual No 27) which establishes commonly accepted professional standards for wastewater COS studies.
V. COMPLIANCE
Recent regulatory changes detailed in AB 755 passed in 2023 and codified in Water Code, §§ 390 & 390.1 require the City to identify the costs to serve the largest 10 percent of the users in the City. Proposition 218 requires rates that allocate costs of service proportionately, not special rates for the top 10% of consumers regardless of other factors. It is Raftelis’ professional judgment that the rates proposed in Table 1-4 and Table 1-5 are the most efficient and fairest way to allocate costs to wastewater customer classes consistent with Proposition 218.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
8 3. FINANCIAL PLANNING
I. THE FINANCIAL PLANNING PROCESS
The overarching objective of the financial planning process is to develop a funding strategy that will ensure utility financial viability over the selected planning horizon. A key outcome of the financial planning process is the development of the projected revenue requirement from rates (i.e., rate revenues that must be collected from customers). The revenue requirement serves as the basis for the COS analysis and the development of proposed rates.
The City’s Wastewater Enterprise Fund incurs all costs necessary to provide customers with wastewater utility service. This includes on-going operating costs, annual payments to the San Diego Metropolitan Wastewater Joint Powers Authority (Metro JPA) for wastewater treatment services, and capital improvement expenditures for the repair and rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. Each of these items must be forecast as part of the financial planning process to forecast the annual revenue requirement from rates.
The financial planning process begins with the development of a demand forecast and a projection of future rate revenues at current rates (i.e., assuming no rate increases). These projected rate revenues are then compared to projected operating and capital costs that incorporate assumptions regarding expected inflation. Often, the difference between projected revenues at current rates and projected costs assuming inflation is a funding gap (i.e., a revenue shortfall). The funding gap mut be filled by additional funding sources such increases in rate revenues, external debt financing, capacity fees, or grants. The objective of the financial planning process is to identify an optimal mix of funding sources that will achieve the utility’s financial objectives while minimizing the utility rate and associated bill impacts experienced by customers.
Key steps in the development of a water financial plan include:
• Demand Forecast: The demand forecast projects customer billing units such as customer accounts, residential dwelling units, and metered water consumption and associated wastewater discharge volumes. • Projection of Wastewater Sales Revenues at Current Rates: This step in the financial planning process determines how much rate revenue will be earned from forecast demand if there are no rate increases. This projected level of rate revenue is then compared to projected expenditures to determine the annual funding gap.
• Projection of Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenue: Miscellaneous non-rate revenue items can include interest income from cash reserves, grants, capacity fee receipts, and miscellaneous ancillary fees. Miscellaneous non-rate revenues assist in closing the projected annual funding gap and reduce the revenue requirement from rates (i.e., the amount of rate revenue that must be earned from customers). • Projection of Expenditures (O&M Expenses, Rate Funded CIP Expenditures, Debt Service Payments):
This step in the financial planning process determines the expenditures that will be incurred by the utility to provide service during each year of the planning horizon. Expenditure projections are generally based on a current year budget which is projected forward using inflation assumptions. Projected expenditures are compared against projected wastewater sales revenue at current rates and projected miscellaneous non-rate revenue to determine the annual funding gap.
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9 • Identification of Cash Reserve and Debt Service Coverage Targets: Utilities must not only have sufficient revenues to pay for projected expenditures, but they must also maintain the appropriate level of cash reserves and meet debt service coverage requirements.
• Determination of the Capital Financing Strategy: In this final step in the financial planning process, the utility determines the optimal mix of funding sources to cover the funding gap/revenue shortfall. Depending on the utility, funding sources can include revenues from rates, capacity fees, external debt financing and/or grants.
II. PROJECTED CUSTOMERS
As part of the City’s annual reporting to Metro JPA for wastewater flow, the City has and continues to use data (Series 15 Forecast) provided by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) which shows a steady decline in population for Coronado until 2050, the last year of the data. However, this may be tempered by changes in state law for density and Accessory Dwelling Units, and implementation of the City’s Housing Element. As of the timing of this study, there are no known large developments in the permitting process and therefore, customer growth is assumed to be relatively flat during the FY 2027 – FY 2031 planning horizon.
The customer count information shown in Table 3-1 was developed jointly by Raftelis and City staff.
Table 3-1 Projected Customers FY 2027-2031
Line Customer Class Explanation of Customer Count FY
2027-31
1 SFU Dwelling units – rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on dwelling units 4,631 2 MFU Dwelling units - rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on dwelling unit 4,549 3 Hotel Hotel rooms - rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on hotel rooms 1,832 4 Commercial Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on accounts/APNs 390 5 Small Restaurant Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on accounts/APNs 37 6 Medium Restaurant Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on accounts/APNs 16 7 Large Restaurant Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on accounts/APNs 10 8 Boat Slips Boat slips - rate is a $/month fixed charge billed on boat slips 50 9 Hotel Del Coronado
Laundry Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/ccf commodity charge billed on flow 1 10 Laundry Lounge Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/ccf commodity charge billed on flow 1 11 Port of San Diego Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/ccf commodity charge billed on flow 1 12 School Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/ccf commodity charge billed on flow 1 13 Hospital Accounts/APNs - rate is a $/ccf commodity charge billed on flow 1 14 Navy NAB Navy facility – rate is a $/MG commodity charge billed on flow (flow only – strength not included) 1
15 Navy NASNI Navy facility – rate is a $/MG commodity charge billed on flow (flow only – no strength) 1
16 Navy Coastal Campus Navy facility – flow is billed using a $/MG commodity charge, BOD and TSS strength billed on a $/1,000 pound basis 1
III. PROJECTED CUSTOMER WATER CONSUMPTION
Regardless of how they are billed (monthly fixed charge or commodity rate), the metered water consumption of different customer classes must be identified as a first step in the development of projected wastewater discharges.
The projected water consumption volumes shown in Table 3-2 were developed by Raftelis and City staff based on data provided by the California American Water Company (“Cal Am”). Cal Am is an investor-owned utility that provides water service in the City. The projected annual water consumption is the same for each year of the planning Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
10 horizon due to the assumption of a relatively flat customer account growth. This assumption factors in a balanced approach with emphasis on continuous water conservation efforts.
It is important to note that Cal Am identifies customer accounts and measures their billed water consumption based on their water meter specifications which can include multiple customer types depending on the meter’s location, use and owner. The City’s billing process for wastewater rates has historically consisted of the identification of its wastewater customers on an account/APN basis. Cal Am and the City also use different protocols to classify customers (e.g., account numbers, addresses, business descriptions, etc.). These differing approaches to tracking customers complicate the identification of billed water consumption for some wastewater customer classes. As a result, the projected water consumption volumes shown in Table 32 required Raftelis and City staff to extrapolate/estimate water consumption volumes for some customer classes using the best data available.
Table 3-2 Projected Customer Water Consumption
Line Customer Class Flow Description FY 2027-31
1 SFU (1) ccf 552,888
2 MFU ccf 195,228
3 Hotel ccf 60,661
4 Commercial ccf 60,039
5 Small Restaurant ccf 4,821
6 Medium Restaurant ccf 4,925
7 Large Restaurant ccf 11,717
8 Boat Slips ccf 414
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry ccf 35,745
10 Laundromat(s) ccf 1,592
11 Port of San Diego ccf 398
12 School (CUSD) ccf 23,668
13 Hospital (Sharp) ccf 9,678
14 Navy NAB MG 97.8
15 Navy NASNI MG 274.3
16 Navy Coastal Campus MG 6.5
17 Navy Coastal Campus Pounds of BOD 15,945
18 Navy Coastal Campus Pounds of TSS 16,867
IV. PROJECTED REVENUE AT CURRENT RATES
Table 3-3 shows the projection of revenue at current rates for the period FY 2027 – FY 2031. The projected annual rate revenue is the same for each year of the planning horizon due to the assumption of minimal customer account growth.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
11 Table 3-3 Projected Revenue at Current Rates
Line Customer Class FY 2027 – FY2031
1 SFU $2,709,135
2 MFU $2,128,932
3 Hotel $433,524
4 Commercial $275,839
5 Small Restaurant $19,860
6 Medium Restaurant $39,016
7 Large Restaurant $73,994
8 Boat Slips $4,596
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $192,305
10 Laundry Lounge $7,196
11 Port of San Diego $1,755
12 School $105,560
13 Hospital $45,390
14 Subtotal Non-Navy $6,037,104
15 16 Navy NAB $345,986
17 Navy NASNI $970,490
18 Navy Coastal Campus (Flow portion) $22,995
19 Navy Coastal Campus (BOD strength) $5,374
20 Navy Coastal Campus (TSS strength) $6,013
21 Subtotal Navy $1,350,858
22 23 Total Revenue at Current Rates $7,387,962
V. PROJECTED MISCELLANEOUS NON-RATE REVENUES
Revenues from miscellaneous non-rate sources reduce the level of rate revenues that must be collected from customers for the provision of utility service. As shown in Table 3-4 the primary source of non-rate revenue is investment income. The amounts shown were supplied by City staff based on upon historical budget trend data and future year projections.
Table 3-4 Projected Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues
Line Miscellaneous Revenues FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 1 Sewer Connection Permits $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 2 Investment Earnings $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 3 Reimbursements Other $319,000 $319,000 $319,000 $319,000 $319,000 4 Total $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 $719,000
VI. PROJECTED OPERATING EXPENSES
The projection of operating expenses was based on the City’s FY 2027 operating expense budget. Wastewater Enterprise Fund operating expenses are accounted for in two separate funds. Fund 810 is used to account for operations and maintenance expenses. Fund 710 is used to account for capital outlays. Capital outlays are expenses related to the wastewater utility capital improvement program that are not capitalized such as personnel expenses and indirect costs. These expenses are not recorded as assets and are not subject to depreciation. Table 3-5 shows the projection of operating expenses for the period FY 2027 - FY 2031. Table 3-6 shows the inflation factors used in the development of the projected operating expenses shown in Table 3-5.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
12 Table 3-5 Projected Operating Expenses
Line Expenses FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031
1 Fund 810 Operations and Maintenance
2 Salaries and Benefits $1,888,513 $2,001,824 $2,061,878 $2,123,735 $2,187,447 3 Contract Services $1,810,338 $1,400,500 $1,545,514 $1,714,066 $1,797,049 4 Utilities $330,035 $343,896 $358,340 $373,390 $389,073 5 Metro JPA Treatment Costs $2,906,545 $2,901,010 $2,756,250 $2,894,063 $3,038,766 6 Vehicles and Equipment $220,262 $347,605 $584,260 $528,074 $564,671 7 Other O&M Expenses $656,861 $706,128 $727,775 $750,090 $773,094 8 Indirect Expenses $329,600 $343,740 $354,052 $364,674 $375,614 9 Total Fund 810 $8,142,154 $8,044,703 $8,388,070 $8,748,092 $9,125,714 10 11 Fund 710 Capital Outlay
12 Salaries and Benefits $435,652 $461,791 $475,645 $489,914 $504,612 13 Other Expenses $2,347 $2,418 $2,490 $2,565 $2,642
14 Indirect Expenses $21,631 $22,279 $22,948 $23,636 $24,345 15 Total Fund 710 $459,630 $486,488 $501,083 $516,115 $531,599 16 17 Total Operating Expenses $8,601,784 $8,531,191 $8,889,152 $9,264,207 $9,657,312 18 Annual Percentage Growth --- -0.80% 4.20% 4.20% 4.20% Table 3-6 Operating Expense Inflation Factors
Line Expense Type FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 1 General 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
2 Salary 5% 6% 3% 3% 3%
3 Benefits 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
4 Utilities 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%
5 Treatment 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
6 Chemical 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%
7 Fuel 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%
VII. PROJECTED CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT EXPENDITURES
Table 3-7 shows the projected capital improvement for FY 2027 – FY 2031. The capital expenditure projection was provided by City staff and was developed in 2025 and expressed in 2025 dollars (i.e., current year dollars).
As shown in Line 7 of Table 3-7, the total projected capital improvement expenditures for the five-year planning horizon are $15.80 million ($15,803,437). The chart indicates general categories of capital projects. A detailed listing of specific projects can be found in the City’s FY 2025-26 budget document.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
13 Table 3-7 Projected Capital Improvement Expenditures Line Project FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 Total 1 Wastewater Mains & Manholes
(Parker, Alameda) $1,100,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,100,000
2 Pump Stations (Cays, Pine,
Bahama, Transbay, Glorietta) $1,250,000 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $1,400,000 $6,150,000 3 Wastewater Mains & Manholes
(Village) $0 $1,804,592 $1,419,576 $2,039,959 $0 $5,264,127 5 Wastewater Main Rehabilitation
(Citywide) $644,800 $420,000 $440,000 $460,000 $474,510 $2,439,310 6 Force Mains (Design and
Construction) $250,000 $150,000 $150,000 $150,000 $150,000 $850,000 7 Annual Total $3,244,800 $3,374,592 $3,509,576 $3,649,959 $2,024,510 $15,803,437 VIII. PROJECTED FY 2027 – FY 2031 FINANCIAL PLAN
Table 3-8 provides a detail of the projected FY 2027 – FY 2031. Key things to note about the financial plan include:
• The annual increases in rate revenues shown in Line 1 match those originally shown in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2.
• The annual revenue requirement from rates shown on Line 11 matches the revenue requirement shown on Line 5 of Table 1-2. The revenue requirement is a key outcome of the financial planning process. It defines the amount of revenue that must be collected from customers. The FY 2027 revenue requirement of $8.02 million ($8,015,939) is allocated to customers in the COS process as discussed later in this report. • The FY 2027 operating expenses shown in Lines 21 - 37 are based on the Wastewater Enterprise Fund FY 2027 budget. Projected FY 2028 – FY 2031 operating expenses have been escalated by the inflation factors shown in Table 3-6.
• The rate funded capital costs shown in Line 42 match those presented in Table 3-7. As noted in the Table 3-7 discussion, $8.76 million ($8,757,289) of the projected capital expenditures of $15.80 million ($15,803,437) are associated with projects that have not yet been specifically identified. • All proposed capital improvement expenditures are assumed to be rate financed. No loans from the City and no external debt financing are assumed to be used to finance projected capital expenditures. • The proposed annual percentage increases in rate revenues shown in Line 1 results in revenues that are projected to be less than projected expenditures. Thus, the Wastewater Enterprise Fund has a negative net operating cash flow in each year of the planning horizon (Line 46). • Due to the annual recurring negative net operating cash flow shown on Line 46, cash reserves decline from $16.6 million ($16,619,269) at the start of FY 2027 (Line 48) to $5.1 million ($5,109,106) at the end of FY 2031 (Lines 50). Specifically, the beginning balance of cash reserves (Line 48) is reduced by the negative net operating cash flows (Line 49) to arrive at the calculated ending cash reserves (Line 50). • Cash reserves remaining above the target reserve balance equivalent to 180 days of annual operating expenses throughout the FY 2027 – FY 2031 planning horizon.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
14 Table 3-8 Financial Plan and Revenue Requirement Projection Line Item FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031
1 Annual Percentage Rate Increases 8.50% 8.50% 8.50% 8.50% 8.50% 2 3 Revenues from Current Rates
4 Rate Revenue - Fixed $5,684,898 $5,684,898 $5,684,898 $5,684,898 $5,684,898 5 Rate Revenue - Commodity $352,206 $352,206 $352,206 $352,206 $352,206 6 Navy Revenue (Rates Per MG) $1,339,471 $1,339,471 $1,339,471 $1,339,471 $1,339,471 7 Navy Revenue (Rates Per 1,000 Pounds) $11,387 $11,387 $11,387 $11,387 $11,387 8 Revenues from Current Rates $7,387,962 $7,387,962 $7,387,962 $7,387,962 $7,387,962 9 10 Revenue from Rate Adjustments $627,977 $1,309,332 $2,048,601 $2,850,709 $3,720,996 11 Total Rate Revenues (Annual Revenue
Requirement) $8,015,939 $8,697,293 $9,436,563 $10,238,671 $11,108,958 12 13 Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues
14 Sewer Connection Fee Permits $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 15 Investment Earnings $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 16 Other Reimbursements $319,000 $319,000 $319,000 $319,000 $319,000 17 Total Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 $719,000 18 19 Total Revenues $8,734,939 $9,416,293 $10,155,563 $10,957,671 $11,827,958 20 21 Fund 810 Operating Expenses
22 Salaries and Benefits $1,888,513 $2,001,824 $2,061,878 $2,123,735 $2,187,447 23 Contract Services $1,810,338 $1,400,500 $1,545,514 $1,714,066 $1,797,049 24 Utilities $330,035 $343,896 $358,340 $373,390 $389,073 25 Metro JPA $2,906,545 $2,901,010 $2,756,250 $2,894,063 $3,038,766 26 Vehicles and Equipment $220,262 $347,605 $584,260 $528,074 $564,671 27 Miscellaneous Expenses $656,861 $706,128 $727,775 $750,090 $773,094 28 Indirect Expenses $329,600 $343,740 $354,052 $364,674 $375,614 29 Subtotal 810 Operating Expenses $8,142,154 $8,044,703 $8,388,069 $8,748,092 $9,125,714 30 31 Fund 710 Capital Outlay
32 Salaries and Benefits $435,652 $461,791 $475,645 $489,914 $504,612 33 Other Expenses $2,347 $2,418 $2,490 $2,565 $2,642
34 Indirect Expenses $21,630 $22,279 $22,947 $23,636 $24,345 35 Subtotal 710 Capital Outlay $459,629 $486,488 $501,082 $516,115 $531,599 36 37 Total Operating Expenses $8,601,783 $8,531,191 $8,889,151 $9,264,207 $9,657,312 38 39 Capital Costs
40 Existing Debt Service $371,101 $371,101 $371,101 $371,101 $371,101 41 Proposed Debt Service $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
42 Rate Funded Capital Projects $3,244,800 $3,374,592 $3,509,576 $3,649,959 $2,024,510 43 Total Capital Costs $3,615,901 $3,745,693 $3,880,677 $4,021,060 $2,395,611 44 45 Total Expenditures $12,217,685 $12,276,884 $12,769,829 $13,285,266 $12,052,923 46 Net Operating Cash Flow ($3,482,747) ($2,860,590) ($2,614,265) ($2,327,595) ($224,965) 47 48 Beginning Cash Reserves $16,619,269 $13,136,522 $10,275,932 $7,661,666 $5,334,071 49 Add/(Subtract) Net Operating Cash Flow -$3,482,747 -$2,860,590 -$2,614,265 -$2,327,595 -$224,965 50 Ending Cash Reserves $13,136,522 $10,275,932 $7,661,666 $5,334,071 $5,109,106 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
15 4. COS ANALYSIS
I. COST OF SERVICE (COS) METHODOLOGY
A COS study distributes the revenue requirement from rates (costs) to each customer class based on their proportionate share of total system wastewater demand. The outcome of the COS process is the determination of the amount of revenue from rates that must be recovered from each customer class. The COS study completed by Raftelis follows industry standard cost allocation principles as presented in WEF Manual No. 27.
II. REVENUE REQUIREMENT COST COMPONENTS
The starting point of the COS process is to identify the operating and capital cost components of the annual revenue requirement. Table 4-1 shows this for the Department's FY 2027 water utility revenue requirement. All the information shown in Table 4-1 was derived from the FY 2027 column of the financial plan shown in Table 3-8. The net revenue requirement on Line 3-4 of Table 4-1 matches Line 11 of Table 3-8.
Table 4-1 FY 2027 Revenue Requirement Cost Components
Line Operating Expenses Operating Cost Capital Cost Total 1 Fund 810 Operations and Maintenance
2 Salaries and Benefits $1,888,513 $1,888,513
3 Contract Services $1,810,338 $1,810,338
4 Utilities $330,035 $330,035
5 Metro JPA Treatment Expenses $2,906,545 $2,906,545
6 Vehicles and Equipment $220,262 $220,262
7 Other O&M Expenses $656,861 $656,861
8 Indirect Expenses $329,600 $329,600
9 Fund 810 Total $8,142,154 $8,142,154
10 11 Fund 710 Capital Outlay
12 Salaries and Benefits $435,652 $435,652
13 Other Expenses $2,347 $2,347
14 Indirect Expenses $21,631 $21,631
15 Fund 710 Total $459,630 $459,630
16 17 Total Operating Costs $8,601,784 $0 $8,601,784
18 19 Capital Costs
20 Existing Debt Service $371,101 $371,101
21 Proposed Debt Service $0 $0
22 Rate Funded Capital Projects $3,244,800 $3,244,800
23 Net Cash Flow (Change in Cash Reserves) -$3,482,747 -$3,482,747 24 Total Capital Costs $133,154 $133,154
25 26 Gross Revenue Requirement $8,601,784 $133,154 $8,734,939 27 28 Less: Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenue
29 Sewer Connection Permits $200,000 $200,000
30 Investment Earnings $200,000 $200,000
31 Reimbursements Other $319,000 $319,000
32 Total Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues $200,000 $519,000 $719,000 33 Net Revenue Requirement $8,401,784 ($385,846) $8,015,939 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
16 III. ALLOCATION TO COST CAUSATION COMPONENTS
The second step in the wastewater COS process is to allocate the costs included in the revenue requirement to specific “cost causation” components. The objective is to identify the type of customer demand each cost is incurred to meet.
The cost causation components used in the City’s COS study are described om Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Cost Causation Components
Cost Causation Component Description
Flow The volume of customer wastewater discharges. This cost causation component is applicable to all customers except Navy NAB and Navy NASNI.
Flow Transportation The volume of wastewater discharges by Navy NAB and Navy NASNI. These two customers are charged only for the transportation of flow.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
A measurement of the strength characteristics of customer wastewater discharges. A BOD strength component is included in the rates of all City wastewater customers with the exception of Navy NAB and Navy NASNI.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
A measurement of the strength characteristics of customer wastewater discharges. A TSS strength component is included in the rates of all City wastewater customers with the exception of Navy NAB and Navy NASNI.
Customer Costs The costs incurred by the City for customer service functions.
General and Administrative Costs The administrative costs incurred by the City for administrative functions.
Over 80 general ledger accounts are used in the City’s budgeting and financial accounting systems to track Wastewater Enterprise Fund operating costs. Table 4-3 summarizes the outcome of the allocation of operating costs to cost causation components used in the COS study.
Table 4-3 Allocation of Operating Costs to Cost Causation Components Line Percentage Allocations Flow Flow
Transp.
BOD TSS Customer G&A Total
1 General Operating Costs 51.6% 33.4% 0.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 100.0% 2 Metro JPA Treatment 48.8% 0.0% 21.1% 30.1% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 3 Flow Specific Operating
Costs 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%
4 Electric & Natural Gas
Utilities 66.6% 33.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%
Dollar Allocations Flow Flow
Transp.
BOD TSS Customer G&A Total
5 General Operating Costs $2,848,958 $1,832,804 $0 $0 $271,730 $541,999 $5,495,491 6 Metro JPA Treatment $1,308,643 $0 $566,088 $808,269 $0 $0 $2,683,000 7 Flow Specific Operating
Costs $194,050 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $194,050
8 Electric & Natural Gas
Utilities $152,788 $76,455 $0 $0 $0 $0 $229,243
9 Total $4,504,440 $1,909,259 $566,088 $808,269 $271,730 $541,999 $8,601,784 10 Total Percentage
Allocation 52.4% 22.2% 6.6% 9.4% 3.2% 6.3% 100.0%
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
17 As discussed in Table 4-2, wastewater discharges by Navy NAB and Navy NASNI are allocated to the flow transportation cost causation component. Navy NAB and Navy NASNI are charged only for the transportation of flow. Their rates do not include a strength component. The 33.4% allocation to flow transportation shown in Line 1 (General Operating Costs) and Line 4 (Electric and Natural Gas Utilities) was determined based on the ratio of transportation flow to total system billed flow. Table 4-4 shows the derivation of the flow transportation allocation.
Table 4-4 Operating Cost Transportation Flow Allocation Line Description Ccf Gallons MG
1 Total Billed Flow 1,491,278 1,115,550,147 1,115.55
2 3 Navy NAB 130,711 97,778,668 97.78
4 Navy NASNI 366,645 274,269,063 274.27
5 Total Transportation Only 497,357 372,047,731 372
6 Transportation Flow as % of Total Billed Flow 33.4% 33.4% 33.4% The allocation factors for the Metro JPA Treatment expenses shown in Line 2 of Table 4-3 were based on the City of San Diego’s estimate of the Metro JPA wholesale treatment costs that will be incurred by the City in FY 2026.
Table 4-5 shows the derivation of these percentages.
Table 4-5 Operating Cost Metro JPA Treatment Cost Allocation(1) Description Flow Suspended Solids Chemical Oxygen
Demand (2) Total
Projected City of Coronado FY
2026 Wholesale Treatment Costs $1,308,868 $808,408 $566,185 $2,683,461 Percentage of Total 48.78% 30.13% 21.10% 100.00%
(1) Information from Table B, City of San Diego -Public Utilities Department, Projected Distribution of System Wastewater Costs - Fiscal Year 2026, Functional Design Based Allocation Method (2) The Metro JPA bills member agencies on the basis of Chemical Oxygen Demand. This is a strength loading measurement similar to Biochemical Oxygen demand which is used by the City to measure customer strength characteristics.
The allocation of capital costs to cost causation components was based on the profile of Wastewater Enterprise Fund assets. Almost 99% of the assets are used for the provision of wastewater discharge flows (e.g., pumping, force mains, and gravity mains). As a result, 99.5% of capital costs were assigned to the flow cost causation component.
Table 4-6 Allocation of Capital Costs to Cost Causation Components Line Percentage Allocations Flow Flow
Transp.
BOD TSS Customer G&A Total
1 Profile Asset Allocation
to Cost Causation
Components
98.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.6% 100.0%
Dollar Allocations Flow Flow
Transp. BOD TSS Customer G&A Total
2 Existing Debt Service $365,626 $0 $0 $0 $3,285 $2,190 $371,101 3 Rate Funded Capital
Projects $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
4 Net Cash Flow
(Change in Cash
Reserves) $3,196,930 $0 $0 $0 $28,722 $19,148 $3,244,800 5 Total $131,190 $0 $0 $0 $1,179 $786 $133,154
6 % of Total 98.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.6% 100.0%
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
18 The allocation of miscellaneous non-rate revenues to cost causation components is based on the capital cost allocations as shown in Table 4-6. Table 4-7 shows these allocations.
Table 4-7 Allocation of Miscellaneous Non-Rate Revenues to Causation Components Line Percentage Allocations Flow Flow Transp. BOD TSS Custome r G&A Total
1 Based on Capital Costs 98.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.6% 100.0% Dollar Allocations Flow Flow Transp. BOD TSS Custome
r G&A Total
2 Sewer Connection Permits $197,049 $0 $0 $0 $1,770 $1,180 $200,000 3 Investment Earnings $197,049 $0 $0 $0 $1,770 $1,180 $200,000 4 Reimbursement Other $314,294 $0 $0 $0 $2,824 $1,882 $319,000 5 Total $708,393 $0 $0 $0 $6,364 $4,243 $719,000
6 Percentage of Total 98.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.6% 100.0% A summary of the allocation of the FY 2027 revenue requirement to cost causation components is shown in Table 4-8.
Table 4-8 Summary of Allocations to Cost Causation Components Line Revenue Requirement Flow Flow
Tranp. BOD TSS Customer G&A Total
1 Operating Costs
(See Table 4-3) $4,504,440 $1,909,259 $566,088 $808,269 $271,730 $541,999 $8,601,784 2 Capital Costs
(See Table 4-6) $131,190 $0 $0 $0 $1,179 $786 $133,154
3 Miscellaneous Non-Rate
Revenues
(See Table 4-7)
($708,393) $0 $0 $0 ($6,364) ($4,243) ($719,000)
4 Total FY 2027 Revenue
Requirement $3,927,237 $1,909,259 $566,088 $808,269 $266,544 $538,542 $8,015,939 IV. DETERMINATION OF CUSTOMER CLASS UNITS OF SERVICE
The next major step in the COS process is to determine the appropriate units of service that should be used to allocate costs to each customer class. This is accomplished by estimating the volume of flow and the strength loadings that each customer class will deliver to the Metro JPA for treatment.
As noted previously in this report, the water consumption for the City’s wastewater customer classes was estimated based on data provided by Cal Am (see Section 3 Financial Planning, Projected Customer Water Consumption).
Due to differences in the methods used by Cal Am and the City to track customer information, Raftelis and City staff were required to extrapolate/estimate water consumption volumes for some customer classes.
Table 4-9 summarizes the source of the flow and strength loading assumptions used to develop the FY 2027 units of service. Note that return flow percentages for each customer class were based on an analysis of data presented in Table 3-5 of the City's 2015 wastewater system engineering master plan. With one exception, the BOD and TSS strength loadings for each customer class were taken from the March 2021 Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (LACSD) Revenue Program Report (Table 3 on page 20). LACSD presented strength loading data based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids. The LACSD chemical oxygen demand data was converted to BOD by applying a factor of 0.50. For example, the LACSD estimate of single-family residential customer strength loadings was 562.3 mg/L (milligrams per liter). This value was converted to a BOD strength loading of 281.1 mg/L.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
19 Table 4-9 Key Assumptions in the Units of Service Determination Line Customer Class Water Use (HCF) Return Flows Strength Loadings 1 SFU
Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20
2 MFU
3 Hotel
4 Commercial Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
Commercial customers
assumed to have strength
loadings similar to office
buildings as shown in the
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20
5 Small Restaurant
Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
(assumed same as estimated
commercial)
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20
6 Medium Restaurant
7 Large Restaurant
8 Boat Slips Estimated as 25% of a hotel
room
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
(assumed same as estimated
commercial
Boat slips assumed to have
strength loadings similar to
hotel rooms as shown in the
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20
9 Hotel Del Coronado
Laundry
Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
(assumed same as estimated
commercial
March 1998 State Water
Resources Control Board
Guidelines (Industrial
Laundry)
10 Laundry Lounge Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
(assumed same as estimated
commercial
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20
(Laundromat)
11 Port of San Diego Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
(assumed same as estimated
commercial
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20 (Office
Building)
12 School Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
(assumed same as estimated
commercial
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20 (Private
School)
13 Hospital Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
January 2021 LACSD
Revenue Program Report,
Table 3 on page 20 (Medical
Building)
14 Navy NAB
City of Coronado flow data
Assumption of 100% return
factor for Navy transportation
flow
N/A
15 Navy NASNI N/A
16 Navy Coastal
Campus
Analysis of FY 2022-23 Cal
Am water billing data
Analysis of 2015 Engineering
Master Plan Table 3-5
(assumed same as
commercial)
FY 2026 Metro JPA estimate
of City of Coronado Strength
Loadings
Table 4-10 shows the estimated FY 2027 flows that will be contributed to the Metro JPA by City customers. The adjustment for Navy NAB and NASNI transportation flows on Line 19 reflects the fact that the City does not bill these two customers for strength loadings. The estimate of 11% inflow and infiltration on Line 22 was provided by Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
20 City staff. The estimate of total City contributed flows is shown on Line 24. The Metro JPA estimate of City contributed flows is shown in Line 26.
Table 4-10 Estimated Customer Flow Contributions to the Metro JPA Line Customer Class Water Use (ccf) Return Flow
Factor
Metro JPA
Contribution
(ccf)
1 SFU 552,888 65.00% 359,377
2 MFU 195,228 78.33% 152,929
3 Hotel 60,661 75.00% 45,496
4 Commercial 83,500 71.25% 59,494
5 Small Restaurant 4,821 71.25% 3,435
6 Medium Restaurant 4,925 71.25% 3,509
7 Large Restaurant 11,717 71.25% 8,348
8 Boat Slips 414 1 295
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry 35,745 70.00% 25,021
10 Laundry Lounge 1,592 71.25% 1,134
11 Port of San Diego 398 71.25% 284
12 School 23,668 71.25% 16,864
13 Hospital 9,678 75.00% 7,259
14 Navy NAB 130,711 100.00% 130,711
15 Navy NASNI 366,645 100.00% 366,645
16 Navy Coastal Campus 8,688 71.25% 6,190
17 Total Customer Flow 1,491,278 0.00% 1,186,989
18 19 Adjustment for Navy (NAB and NASNI)) -497,357
20 Adjusted Customer Flow 689,633
21 22 Inflow and Infiltration (11%) 75,860
24 Estimated Total Contribution to Metro JPA 765,492
25 26 FY 2026 Metro JPA Estimate 644,563
27 Difference (Line 24-Line 26) 120,929
28 % Difference 15.80%
Table 4-11 shows the estimated FY 2027 wastewater strength contributed to the Metro JPA by City customers.
Inflow and infiltration on Line 19 was assumed to have no strength characteristics. The estimate of the total City strength contributions is shown on Line 20. The Metro JPA estimate of City strength contributions is shown on Line
22. Table 4-11 Estimated Customer Strength Contributions to the Metro JPA Line Customer Class COD
MG/L
BOD
MG/L
TSS
MG/L
COD
Pounds
BOD
Pounds
TSS
Pounds
1 SFU 562.3 281.1 271.9 1,261,443 630,721 610,042
2 MFU 560.7 280.4 268.8 535,325 267,663 256,663
3 Hotel 517.7 258.8 268.4 147,022 73,511 76,234
4 Commercial 515.3 257.6 269.6 191,368 95,684 100,135
5 Small Restaurant 1,998.7 999.4 599.1 42,860 21,430 12,848 6 Medium Restaurant 1,998.7 999.4 599.1 43,780 21,890 13,123 7 Large Restaurant 1,998.7 999.4 599.1 104,162 52,081 31,224 8 Boat Slips 517.7 258.8 268.4 953 476 494
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry 1,340.0 670.0 680.0 209,310 104,655 106,217 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
21 10 Laundry Lounge 513.8 256.9 269.7 3,638 1,819 1,910 11 Port of San Diego 515.3 257.6 269.6 912 456 477
12 School 515.3 257.6 269.6 54,243 27,122 28,383
13 Hospital 515.3 257.6 271.6 23,348 11,674 12,307
14 Navy NAB 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0
15 Navy NASNI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0
16 Navy Coastal Campus 588.0 294.0 311.0 22,721 11,361 12,018 17 Total 2,641,086 1,320,543 1,262,075
18 19 Inflow and Infiltration (11%) 0 0 0
20 Estimated Total Contribution to
Metro JPA 2,641,086 1,262,075 1,262,075
21 22 FY 2026 Metro JPA Estimate 2,318,000 1,262,075
23 Difference (Line 20 – Line 22) 323,086 77,075
24 % Difference 12.23% 6.11%
V. ALLOCATION OF INFLOW AND INFILTRATION
After determining the FY 2027 customer units of service as summarized in Table 4-10 and Table 4-11, inflow and infiltration volumes and strength loadings must be allocated to each customer class. Strength loadings were not assigned to inflow and infiltration, therefore, only volumes must be allocated to City customers.
Inflow is water introduced into the wastewater collection and conveyance system through direct connections such as manhole covers. Infiltration is water entering the wastewater collection system through leaky sewer pipelines.
Inflow and infiltrations volumes (and strength loadings if applicable) are allocated to customers because there is a cost to transport and treat inflow and infiltration. This cost must be borne by the customers whose rates pay for wastewater treatment.
There is no industry standard one-size-fits-all approach for the allocation of inflow and infiltration in every situation.
Methods for allocating inflow and infiltration to customer classes range from relying entirely on the proportionate share of contributed volume contributed by each customer class (100% volume) to relying entirely on the proportionate share of customer accounts/wastewater service connections (100% accounts). For this study, inflow and infiltration was allocated to customer classes based on contributed volumes (33%) and based upon accounts (67%).
Table 4-12 shows the outcome of the allocation of inflow and infiltration to each customer class.
Table 4-12 Units of Service After the Allocation of Inflow and Infiltration Line Customer
Class
Flow
After
Return
Factor
Flow
Allocated
on
Volumes
Flow
Allocated
on
Accounts
BOD
Allocated
on
Volumes
BOD
Allocated
on
Accounts
TSS
Allocated
on
Volumes
TSS
Allocated
on
Accounts
Total
ccf
Flow
Total
BOD
pounds
Total
TSS
pounds
1 SFU 359,377 7,579 36,611 N/A N/A N/A N/A 403,567 630,721 610,042 2 MFU 152,929 3,225 9,425 " " " " 165,579 267,663 256,663 3 Hotel 45,496 960 431 " " " " 46,886 73,511 76,234
4 Commercial 59,494 1,255 3,172 " " " " 63,920 95,684 100,135 5 Small
Restaurant 3,435 72 301 " " " " 3,808 21,430 12,848
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
22 6 Medium
Restaurant 3,509 74 130 " " " " 3,713 21,890 13,123
7 Large
Restaurant 8,348 176 81 " " " " 8,605 52,081 31,224
8 Boat Slips 295 6 407 " " " " 708 476 494
9 Hotel Del
Coronado
Laundry
25,021 528 8 " " " " 25,557 104,655 106,217
10 Laundry
Lounge 1,134 24 8 " " " " 1,166 1,819 1,910
11 Port of San
Diego 284 6 8 " " " " 298 456 477
12 School 16,864 356 163 " " " " 17,382 27,122 28,383
13 Hospital 7,259 153 57 " " " " 7,469 11,674 12,307
14 Navy NAB 130,711 0 0 " " " " 130,711 0 0
15 Navy
NASNI 366,645 0 0 " " " " 366,645 0 0
16 Navy
Coastal
Campus
6,190 131 8 " " " " 6,329 11,361 12,018
17 Total 1,186,989 14,544 50,810 " " " " 1,252,343 1,320,543 1,262,075 18 19 Flow with Strength (Line 17 – Lines 14 & 15) 754,987 1,320,543 1,262,075 20 Flow without Strength (Lines 14 & 15) 497,357 0 0
21 Total 1,252,343 1,320,543 1,262,075
VI. UNIT COST OF SERVICE FOR COST CAUSATION COMPONENTS
Having established the FY 2027 units of service for each customer class as shown in Table 4-12, the next step in the COS process is to calculate the unit cost of service for each cost causation component. The unit cost of service is calculated as shown in the following formula:
Cost Causation Revenue Requirement / Cost Causation Units of Service = Unit Cost of Service
The unit cost of service for each cost causation component is used to develop the FY 2027 COS for each wastewater customer class. As shown in Table 4-13, the unit cost of service calculation incorporates information from Table 4-8 (Lines 1- 4) and Table 4-12 (Lines 19-21).
A key question in the unit cost of service calculation is the disposition of General and Administrative (G&A) costs.
A total of $538,542 net costs were allocated to G&A as part of the process shown in Table 4-3. These G&A costs can be recovered through commodity rates (i.e., the rates for flow, BOD, and TSS) or fixed charges (i.e., monthly fixed charges). Given the limited number of non-Navy customers billed using commodity rates, G&A costs were reallocated to the Customer cost causation component (Line 6).
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
23 Table 4-13 Unit Cost of Service Calculation
Line Revenue Requirement
Component Flow Flow Transp. BOD TSS Customer G&A Total
1 Operating Costs $4,504,440 $1,909,259 $566,088 $808,269 $271,730 $541,999 $8,601,784 2 Capital Costs $131,190 $0 $0 $0 $1,179 $786 $133,154
3 Misc. Non-Rate Revenue ($708,393) $0 $0 $0 ($6,364) ($4,243) ($719,000) 4 Total Revenue requirement $3,927,237 $1,909,259 $566,088 $808,269 $266,544 $538,542 $8,015,939 5 6 Allocation of G&A Costs $538,542 ($538,542)
7 Total Revenue Requirement $3,927,237 $1,909,259 $566,088 $808,269 $805,086 $0 $8,015,939 8 9 Units of Service 754,987 497,357 1,320,543 1,262,075 11,548 10 Unit Description ccf ccf pounds pound billing
units
11 12 Unit Cost of Service $5.2017 $3.8388 $0.4287 $0.6404 $69.7165 13 Unit Description per ccf per ccf per pound per pound per billing unit
VII. CUSTOMER CLASS REVENUE REQUIREMENT
After establishing the unit cost of service for each cost causation component, the revenue requirement for each customer class can be determined (i.e., the COS for each customer class). This is accomplished using the following formula:
∑ Units of Service Each Cost Causation Component * Unit Cost of Service for Each Cost Causation Component = Customer Class Revenue Requirement
Table 4-14 shows the calculation of the revenue requirement for each of the City’s wastewater water class. The units of service shown in Lines 1-17 can be traced to Table 4-12. The unit cost of service for each cost causation component was calculated as shown in Table 4-13.
Note that the sum of the FY 2027 revenue requirement for each customer class is $8.02 million ($8,015,939) as shown on Line 34. This matches the FY 2027 revenue requirement referenced in previous tables throughout the report.
Table 4-14 Calculation of the FY 2027 Customer Class Revenue Requirement Units of Service
Flow Flow
Transp. BOD TSS Customer
Line Customer Class (ccf) (ccf) (pounds) (pounds) (billing units)
1 SFU 403,567 0 630,721 610,042 4,631
2 MFU 165,579 0 267,663 256,663 4,549
3 Hotel 46,886 0 73,511 76,234 1,832
4 Commercial 63,920 0 95,684 100,135 390
5 Small Restaurant 3,808 0 21,430 12,848 37
6 Medium Restaurant 3,713 0 21,890 13,123 16
7 Large Restaurant 8,605 0 52,081 31,224 10
8 Boat Slips 708 0 476 494 50
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry 25,557 0 104,655 106,217 1 10 Laundry Lounge 1,166 0 1,819 1,910 1
11 Port of San Diego 298 0 456 477 1
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
24 12 School 17,382 0 27,122 28,383 20
13 Hospital 7,469 0 11,674 12,307 7
14 Navy NAB 0 130,711 0 0 1
15 Navy NASNI 0 366,645 0 0 1
16 Navy Coastal Campus 6,329 0 11,361 12,018 1
17 Total 754,987 497,357 1,320,543 1,262,075 11,548
Customer Class Revenue Requirement (Units of Service x $/Unit Cost of Service) $5.20 $3.84 $0.43 $0.64 $69.72
Line Unit Cost of Service per ccf per ccf per Pound per Pound per Billing Unit Total
18 SFU $2,099,249 $0 $270,376 $390,689 $322,857 $3,083,171 19 MFU $861,297 $0 $114,741 $164,374 $317,140 $1,457,553 20 Hotel $243,889 $0 $31,513 $48,822 $127,721 $451,944
21 Commercial $332,495 $0 $41,018 $64,129 $27,189 $464,831 22 Small Restaurant $19,810 $0 $9,186 $8,228 $2,580 $39,804 23 Medium Restaurant $19,313 $0 $9,384 $8,405 $1,115 $38,217 24 Large Restaurant $44,763 $0 $22,326 $19,997 $697 $87,783 25 Boat Slips $3,681 $0 $204 $316 $3,486 $7,688
26 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $132,941 $0 $44,863 $68,024 $70 $245,898 27 Laundry Lounge $6,067 $0 $780 $1,223 $70 $8,140
28 Port of San Diego $1,548 $0 $196 $306 $70 $2,119
29 School $90,416 $0 $11,626 $18,177 $1,394 $121,614
30 Hospital $38,849 $0 $5,004 $7,882 $488 $52,224
31 Navy NAB $0 $501,777 $0 $0 $70 $501,846
32 Navy NASNI $0 $1,407,483 $0 $0 $70 $1,407,552
33 Navy Coastal Campus $32,919 $0 $4,870 $7,696 $70 $45,555 34 Total Revenue Requirement $3,927,237 $1,909,259 $566,088 $808,269 $805,086 $8,015,939 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
25 5. RATE CALCULATION
The final step in the COS process is the calculation of rates for each customer class. The is accomplished using the following formula:
Customer Class Revenue Requirement / Billed Units =
$ Rate per Billing Unit
I. RATE CALCULATION FOR NON-NAVY CUSTOMERS
Table 5-1 shows the calculation of proposed FY 2027 rates for the City’s non-Navy wastewater customers. The rates shown are based on the City’s existing rate structure without modification. The revenue requirement (i.e., cost of service) for each class of customers shown in Table 5-1 was calculated in Table 4-14. As shown in Line 17 of Table 5-1, the FY 2027 COS for non-Navy customers is $6.06 million ($6,060,984). The proposed FY 2027 rates for these customers are projected to produce the same level of revenue.
Table 5-1 Rate Calculation for Non-Navy Customers
Line Customer Class with Monthly Fixed Charges Total COS Billing Units Proposed $/Month Fixed Charge
1 SFU $3,083,171 4,631 $55.48
2 MFU $1,457,553 4,549 $26.70
3 Hotel $451,944 1,832 $20.56
4 Commercial $464,831 390 $99.32
5 Small Restaurant $39,804 37 $89.65
6 Medium Restaurant $38,217 16 $199.05
7 Large Restaurant $87,783 10 $731.52
8 Boat Slips $7,688 50 $12.81
9 Total $5,630,990
Customer Classes with Commodity Charges Total COS Flow (ccf) Proposed $/ccf Commodity Rate
10 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $245,898 35,745 $6.88
11 Laundry Lounge $8,140 1,592 $5.11
12 Port of San Diego $2,119 398 $5.33
13 School $121,614 23,668 $5.14
14 Hospital $52,224 9,678 $5.40
15 Total $429,994
16 17 Total Non-Navy COS $6,060,984
II. RATE CALCULATION FOR NAVY CUSTOMERS
Table 5-2 shows the calculation of proposed FY 2027 Navy rates. The FY 2027 Navy revenue requirement for flow is $1.94 million ($1,942,388) from Line 4. The revenue requirement for Coastal Campus strength is $12,567 as shown in Line 17. The proposed FY 2027 Navy rates are projected to produce rate revenues of $1.95 million ($1,954,9549) in FY 2027.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
26 Table 5-2 FY 2027 Navy Rate Calculation
Flow-Based Cost of Service at Each Navy Facility
Line Navy Facility Flow
COS
Flow Transp.
COS
Fixed
COS Total COS
1 Navy NAB $501,777 $70 $501,846
2 Navy NASNI $1,407,483 $70 $1,407,552
3 Navy Coastal Campus $32,919 $70 $32,989
4 Combined Total $32,919 $1,909,259 $209 $1,942,388
Flow-Based Units of Service at Each Navy Facility
Navy Facility Flow
(MG)
Flow Transp.
(MG)
Total Flow
(MG)
5 Navy NAB 0 97.78 97.78
6 Navy NASNI 0 274.27 274.27
7 Navy Coastal Campus 6.50 0 6.50
8 Combined Total 6.50 372.05 378.55
Flow-Based Rate Calculation at Each Navy Facility (Total COS / Flow = $/MG) Navy Facility Total COS Flow (MG) $/MG
10 Navy NAB $501,846 97.78 $5,132.47
11 Navy NASNI $1,407,552 274.27 $5,132.01
12 Navy Coastal Campus $32,989 6.50 $5,076.25
13 Combined Total (1) $1,942,388 378.55 $5,131.17
Coastal Campus Strength Rates ($/1,000 Pounds)
Strength Parameter COS Pounds Pounds
(Thousands)
$/1,000
Pounds
15 BOD $4,870 11,361 11.36 $428.68
16 TSS $7,696 12,018 12.02 $640.43
17 Total Strength $12,567
Summary Navy Cost of Service
Flow Flow Transportation Fixed Strength Total
18 $32,919 $1,909,259 $209 $12,567 $1,954,954
(1) All Navy locations are charged the same combined average flow rate In summary, the FY 2027 revenue requirement for non-Navy customers is $6.06 million ($6,060,984) as shown in Line 17 of Table 5-1. The revenue requirement for Navy customers is $1.95 million ($1,954,954) as shown on Line 18 of Table 5-2. On a combined basis, these two amounts equal $8,015,938. This matches the City’s total system FY 2027 requirement referenced in previous tables throughout the report.
III. SUMMARY FY 2027 RATE COMPARISON
Table 5-3 shows a detailed comparison of current rates for each customer class and proposed FY 2027 rates developed as an outcome of the COS study.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
27 Table 5-3 FY 2027 Detailed Rate Comparison
Line Customer Class Current Rate Proposed FY
2027 $ Difference % Difference
1 Customers Billed on a Monthly Fixed Charge Basis
2 SFU $48.75 $55.48 $6.73 13.81%
3 MFU $39.00 $26.70 ($12.30) (31.54%)
4 Hotel $19.72 $20.56 $0.84 4.25%
5 Commercial $58.94 $99.32 $40.38 68.52%
6 Small Restaurant $44.73 $89.65 $44.92 100.42%
7 Medium Restaurant $203.21 $199.05 ($4.16) (2.05%)
8 Large Restaurant $616.62 $731.52 $114.90 18.63%
9 Boat Slips $7.66 $12.81 $5.15 67.28%
10 11 Customers Billed on a $/ccf Basis
12 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $5.38 $6.88 $1.50 27.87%
13 Laundry Lounge $4.52 $5.11 $0.59 13.12%
14 Port of San Diego $4.41 $5.33 $0.92 20.75%
15 School $4.46 $5.14 $0.68 15.21%
16 Hospital $4.69 $5.40 $0.71 15.06%
17 18 Navy (Rates Per MG, Transportation only)
18 Navy NAB $3,538.46 $5,132.47 $1,594.01 45.05%
20 Navy NASNI $3,538.46 $5,132.01 $1,593.55 45.04%
21 Navy Coastal Campus $3,538.46 $5,076.25 $1,537.79 43.46% 22 Combined Navy Flow Rate (1) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $1,592.71 45.01% 23 24 Navy (Rates Per 1,000 Pounds)
25 Navy Coastal Campus - BOD $337.02 $428.68 $91.66 27.20% 26 Navy Coastal Campus - TSS $356.51 $640.43 $283.92 79.64% (1) All Navy locations are charged the same combined average flow rate IV. COMPARISON OF PROPOSED SFU AND MFU RATES
The current MFU rate of $39.00 is 80% of the current SFU rate of $48.75. This outcome was determined in the City’s 2014 COS study and based on the assumption that an MFU dwelling unit had water consumption of 200 gallons per day (gpd) and that a SFU dwelling unit had water consumption of 250 gpd (200/250 = 80%). The assumptions from the 2014 study no longer reflect actual usage characteristics.
The proposed FY 2027 MFU rate of $27.60 is 49.7% of the proposed SFU rate of $55.48 (Lines 2 and 3 of Table 5-3). This outcome is based on long-term changes in the water consumption characteristics of each customer class.
For example, an analysis of FY 2022-23 water consumption data from Cal Am indicates that average MFU water consumption is 88.0 gpd while average SFU water consumption is 244.7 gpd. The ratio of these two usage metrics is 35.9% (88/244.7 = 35/9%). The gpd usage for SFU and MFU customers developed in the COS study is closer to estimates made in the City’s wastewater system engineering master plan. The master plan recommended that MFU gpd usage of 100 gpm and SFU gpd usage of 220 gpm. The ratio of these two values is 45.5%. Table 5-4 shows an excerpt from Table 3-8 of the engineering master plan.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
28 Table 5-4 SFU and MFU GPD per Dwelling Unit (2015 Master Plan) Land Use Recommendation Range
Single Family (gpd/ADU) (1) 220 140 – 260
Multi-Family (gpd/ADU) 100 - 170
(1) The estimated average flow for the SFU customer class may include the estimated flow from Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) that are located on the same parcel.
V. PROPOSED RATES THROUGH FY 2031
Table 5-5 shows proposed rates for the 5-year period FY 2027 – FY 2031. The projected rates shown for FY 2027 – FY 2031 reflect the annual percentage rate revenue adjustments developed as part of this financial planning process (see Table 1-1, Table 1-2, or Table 3-8). Specifically, 7.0% in FY 2027 and 0.0% in FY 2028, FY 2029, and FY 2030.
Table 5-5 Proposed Rates Through FY 2031
Line Customer Class Current FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 1 SFU $48.75 $55.48 $60.20 $65.31 $70.86 $76.89
2 MFU $39.00 $26.70 $28.97 $31.43 $34.10 $37.00
3 Hotel $19.72 $20.56 $22.31 $24.20 $26.26 $28.49
4 Commercial $58.94 $99.32 $107.77 $116.93 $126.86 $137.65 5 Small Restaurant $44.73 $89.65 $97.27 $105.54 $114.51 $124.24 6 Medium Restaurant $203.21 $199.05 $215.97 $234.32 $254.24 $275.85 7 Large Restaurant $616.62 $731.52 $793.70 $861.17 $934.36 $1,013.79 8 Boat Slips $7.66 $12.81 $13.90 $15.08 $16.37 $17.76
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $5.38 $6.88 $7.46 $8.10 $8.79 $9.53 10 Laundry Lounge
(Laundromat) $4.52 $5.11 $5.55 $6.02 $6.53 $7.09
11 Port of San Diego $4.41 $5.33 $5.78 $6.27 $6.80 $7.38 12 School $4.46 $5.14 $5.58 $6.05 $6.56 $7.12
13 Hospital $4.69 $5.40 $5.85 $6.35 $6.89 $7.48
14 Navy NAB
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 15 Navy NASNI
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 16 Navy Coastal Campus
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 17 Navy Coastal Campus
(BOD Strength) $337.02 $428.68 $465.12 $504.65 $547.55 $594.09 18 Navy Coastal Campus
(TSS Strength) $356.51 $640.43 $694.87 $753.93 $818.01 $887.54 Attachment 1
Item 7.b
City of Coronado FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study
29 6.ALTERATIVE RATE
STRUCTURES
I. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVE RATE STRUCTURES
The City’s current wastewater rate structure is complex given its use of several types of billing units. It is also different from other types of rate structures commonly used by California wastewater utilities due to its numerous unique customer specific rate classes. Finally, limitations of the City’s access to Cal Am water consumption data make developing cost-of-service based rates more challenging.
During the COS process, Raftelis considered alternative rate structuresfor the City’s wastewater utility. For example, a rate structure in which each major customer class or group of customers pays a unique commodity rate, and all customers pay a common monthly fixed charge. The unique commodity rate would be based on the strength loading and return flow characteristics of each major customer class or group of customers. The common commodity rate would reflect the fact that the cost of the customer service and billing functions do not vary by volume of customer discharges. Table 6-1 shows a hypothetical rate structure of this type.
Table 6-1 Hypothetical Wastewater Rate Structure
Customer Class Rate/ Chage
Commodity Rates
SFU and MFU $3.50/ccf
Commercial Low Strength $3.50/ccf
Commercial Medium Strength $5.85/ccf
Commercial High Strength $7.90/ccf
Monthly Fixed Charge
$20/month per account
or
$20/month per Equivalent Dwelling Unit
None of the alternative rate structures considered by Raftelis were presented in this report because they cannot be successfully implemented given the lack of access to customer specific water consumption data. In order to move to an alternative rate structure of the type shown in Table 6-1, the City’s utility billing system must have the ability to access and process the metered water consumption volumes for all wastewater customer accounts. This information can then be used to: 1) consider the implementation of a simpler and more contemporary rate structure, 2) efficiently bill more types of customers using $/ccf commodity charges; and 3) more efficiently conduct rate COS studies on a routine basis.
II. RECOMMENDATION
To the extent possible, the City should work with Cal Am so that water consumption data for all customers is obtained and assigned to each wastewater customer account. This information can then be used to: 1) consider the implementation of a simpler and more contemporary rate structure, 2) efficiently bill more types of customers using $/ccf commodity charges; and 3) conduct rate COS studies on a routine basis.
Attachment 1
Item 7.b
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-26
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, ESTABLISHING SEWER SERVICE
CHARGES FOR SANITARY SEWER COLLECTION SERVICES,
WITH ANNUAL UPDATES THROUGH JULY 1, 2030
WHEREAS, the City of Coronado ("City") provides sanitary sewer system services to property owners (who may also be referred to as "owners") within the City’s jurisdiction. As described in the FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study, dated February 16, 2026, the wastewater collection system transports wastewater discharges from nearly 15,100 service connections in the City’s 7.4 mile service area, that includes 45 miles of wastewater mains and 17 pump stations, which convey wastewater to the San Diego Metropolitan Joint Powers Authority (Metro JPS) for treatment; and
WHEREAS, the City is authorized to establish fees, rates, and charges for the sewer services provided to each property owner in accordance with Health and Safety Code Sections 5470-5474.10, and "Proposition 218" (California Constitution Article XIII D, Section 6; as it is implemented by the Legislature at Government Code sections 53750- 53759.2; and as it has been interpreted by judicial decisions).The City refers to those wastewater service fees, rates, and charges as sewer service charges or sewer rates (as used herein, the phrases "sewer service charges" or and "sewer rates" may be used interchangeably); and WHEREAS, the purpose of the sewer rates is to ensure that adequate funding is provided to protect the public health, safety and general welfare through the provision of a reliable and adequate sewer system that meets current and anticipated demands to serve the owners and customers of the City; and
WHEREAS, the City undertook an analysis of its cost of providing sewer collection services, as documented in the City of Coronado Sewer Rate Study Final Report prepared by the City's rate consultant, Raftelis, dated February 16, 2026, ("Rate Study"), and determined that proposed changes to the City's sewer rates are warranted in order to offset the City's ongoing costs of providing sewer services to owners and customers. The Rate Study has been posted on the City's website (www.coronado.ca.us) since March 12, 2026, and a rate increase specific project page has been established (https://www.coronado.ca.us/m/newsflash/home/detail/1123) since March 20, 2026, and it is available for public review upon request; and WHEREAS, On March 17, 2026, the City of Coronado City Council ("City Council" or "Council") directed City staff to provide notice of a public hearing to consider the approval of sewer rates in accordance with the requirements of Proposition 218, including implementation of the administrative remedies for owners to submit written objections to the sewer rates; and
Item 7.b
WHEREAS, on March 20, 2026, the City mailed notice of a May 5, 2026 public hearing to all property owners receiving City sewer service, and posted the notice on its website at:
(https://pub-coronado.escribemeetings.com/FileStream.ashx?DocumentId=4131). The public hearing notice was also published in accordance with Government Code Sections 6062a, 54354.5, and 66016; and
WHEREAS, consistent with the notice of public hearing, the public hearing was held on May 5, 2026, the City Council provided an opportunity for every interested person to comment on the proposed sewer rates, the Council considered all timely written protests from property owners and written responses from City staff, and the Council determined that the proposed sewer rates comply with the requirements of Proposition 218 and proceeded to conduct the public hearing to consider timely written protests submitted prior to the close of public hearing; and WHEREAS, the City Council determines, after having duly received and considered oral and documentary evidence concerning the necessity for the proposed sewer rates, that it is warranted and necessary to establish the sewer rates as set forth in this resolution; and WHEREAS, this Resolution is not subject to the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080(b)(8), and California Code of Regulations Section 15273 (of the "CEQA Regulations") because it establishes, modifies, structures, or restructures, and approves rates and charges for the purposes of: (1) meeting operating expenses; (2) purchasing supplies, equipment and materials; (3) meeting financial requirements; and (4) obtaining funds for capital projects necessary to maintain service within existing incorporated City limits.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado as follows:
SECTION 1. The City Council hereby approves the sewer rates set forth on "Exhibit A," which is attached and incorporated by this reference. The sewer rates approved by this Resolution shall be implemented in accordance with Resolution Section 3. The sewer rates are approved based on the following findings and determinations by the City Council:
A. At the close of the public hearing on May 5, 2026, the City Council considered all timely written protests and determined that, from the total number of 7,585 parcels served by City sewer service, the owners of a majority of those parcels did not submit a written protest. Therefore, the City Council overruled all written protests against the proposed sewer rates, and the City may approve the sewer rates in accordance with California Constitution Article XIII D, Section 6(a)(2).
B. The Rate Study and all evidence identified in this Resolution document that the sewer rates comply with the substantive requirements of Proposition 218, as set forth at California Constitution Article XIII D, Section 6(b):
Item 7.b
1. The revenues derived from the rates do not exceed the cost of providing sewer service to property owners or customers served by the City's sewer service.
2. The revenues derived from rates are not, and shall not be, used for any other purpose other than meeting the costs of providing sewer service.
3. The amount of the rate imposed upon any parcel does not exceed the proportional cost of the sewer service provided to that parcel.
4. The revenues derived from rates are used for sewer services actually used by, or immediately available to, the person or owner of the property responsible for the payment of the rate.
5. No rate is imposed for general governmental services, such as police or fire, that is available to the public at large.
SECTION 2. Review of Sewer Rates. The City Manager, or designee, shall periodically, but not less than annually, review the sewer rates to determine whether revenues from such rates are meeting the actual cost of services and facilities necessary to deliver sewer service to the residential and non-residential parcels within the incorporated City limits. If the City Manager determines that revenues are not adequate to meet costs, the City Manager shall recommend to the City Council a revised schedule of sewer rates in accordance with Proposition 218 and the processes described in this Resolution.
SECTION 3. Effective Date of Sewer Rates. The sewer rates set forth on "Exhibit A" shall be effective July 1, 2026, for the rates identified in the column labeled "FY 2027." Thereafter, the sewer rates shall be automatically updated on an annual basis each July 1; thus: (a) the rates in column "FY 2027" are effective July 1, 2026; (b) the rates in column "FY 2028" are effective July 1, 2027; (c) the rates in column "FY 2029" are effective July 1, 2028; and (d) the rates in column "FY 2030" are effective July 1, 2029, and each July 1 thereafter. Provided, however, for any annual update to sewer rates under this Resolution Section 3, the City shall mail notice of the update to all customers at least 30 days before the effective date, in accordance with Government Code Section 53756(d). Additionally:
A. To the extent the City incurs costs of sewage treatment or wastewater treatment that exceed the estimated costs identified in the Rate Study, the City may include those excess treatment costs as passthrough charges in an annual adjustment to sewer rates in accordance with this Section 3 and Government Code Section 53756(c). The adjusted rates based on passthrough charges shall be calculated consistent with the calculation set forth in the Rate Study.
B. For any annual adjustment of sewer rates, the City Council may set the rates by resolution in an amount that is equal to or less than the amounts authorized by this Section 3. The sewer rates shall not be set in an amount that exceeds those set forth in this Section 3 Item 7.b
unless the City Council first conducts a noticed public hearing in accordance with the requirements of law including Proposition 218.
C. The City shall determine the amount of sewer rates owed by each property owner and customer in accordance with this Section 3 based on determinations by the Director of Public Services and Engineering, or designee, of the appropriate Customer Class and relevant variable to multiply by the rate set forth on Exhibit “A.” The relevant variables include: (a) Flat Rates (Monthly), for which the City may charge the identified rate per month, or the City may charge the identified rate times twelve on an annual basis through the tax rolls; (b) Flow Based Rates (per HCF), for which the City charges the identified rate times the number of HCF (hundred cubic feet) of water used by the customer; (c) Navy Rates – Transportation (per MG), for which the City charges the identified rate times the number of MG (million gallons) of water used by the customer, and (d) Navy Rates – Treatment (per 1,000 pounds), for which the City charges the identified rate times the number of 1,000 pounds of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and TSS (total suspended solids).
SECTION 4: If any section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause, phrase, or portion of this Resolution is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by the decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Resolution. The Council hereby declares that it would have adopted this Resolution, and each section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause, phrase, or portion thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subdivisions, sentences, clauses, phrases, or portions thereof be declared invalid or unconstitutional.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, at a regular meeting thereof this fifth day of May 2026 by the following vote to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
APPROVED:
____________________________________
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST:
__________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
Item 7.b
City of Coronado, California
Item 7.b
Line Customer Class Current FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 Flat Rates (Monthly)
1 Single Family Unit (SFU) $48.75 $55.48 $60.20 $65.31 $70.86 $76.89 2 Multi-family Unit (MFU) $39.00 $26.70 $28.97 $31.43 $34.10 $37.00 3 Hotel (per room) $19.72 $20.56 $22.31 $24.20 $26.26 $28.49 4 Commercial $58.94 $99.32 $107.77 $116.93 $126.86 $137.65 5 Small Restaurant (up to 50 seats) $44.73 $89.65 $97.27 $105.54 $114.51 $124.24 6 Medium Restaurant (51 to 150
seats) $203.21 $199.05 $215.97 $234.32 $254.24 $275.85
7 Large Restaurant (150 or more
seats) $616.62 $731.52 $793.70 $861.17 $934.36 $1,013.79 8 Boat Slips $7.66 $12.81 $13.90 $15.08 $16.37 $17.76
9 Hotel Del Coronado Laundry $5.38 $6.88 $7.46 $8.10 $8.79 $9.53 10 Laundry Lounge (Laundromat) $4.52 $5.11 $5.55 $6.02 $6.53 $7.09 Flow Based Rates (Per HCF)
11 Port of San Diego $4.41 $5.33 $5.78 $6.27 $6.80 $7.38 12 School $4.46 $5.14 $5.58 $6.05 $6.56 $7.12
13 Hospital $4.69 $5.40 $5.85 $6.35 $6.89 $7.48
Navy Rates – Transportation (Per MG)
14 Navy NAB
(Transportation Only)
$3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 15 NASNI Navy
(Transportation Only)
$3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 16 Navy Coastal Campus
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 Navy Rates – Treatment (Per 1,000 Pounds)
17 Navy Coastal Campus
(BOD Strength)
$337.02 $428.68 $465.12 $504.65 $547.55 $594.09
18 Navy Coastal Campus
(TSS Strength)
$356.51 $640.43 $694.87 $753.93 $818.01 $887.54
Item 7.b
Company Detail
Company Name ACTION MAIL
Address 230 MARKET PL
ESCONDIDO, CA 92029-1354
Contact Name JOSH LAZARUS
Phone Number (760)480-2323
Profit Indicator P
PS Form 3607R - Mailing Transaction Receipt
Account Holder Account Number 1000002816
Account Holder Permit Number 906
Account Holder Permit Type PI
Account Holder CRID 2432627
Post Office of Permit SAN DIEGO CA 92199-9602
Post Office of Mailing SAN DIEGO CA 92199-9602
Post Office of Permit Cost Center 056768-0951
Post Office of Mailing Cost Center 056768-0951
Mailing Agent Name ACTION MAIL
Mailing Agent CRID 2432627
Mail Owner Name CITY OF CORONADO
Mail Owner CRID 3370322
JOB ID 00066016
Customer Reference ID 66016 City of Coronado
Class of Mail First-Class Mail and USPS Ground Advantage Processing Category Letters (may include Postcards)
Postage Statement ID 684920143
Mailing Group ID 533170393
Mailer's Mailing Date 03/28/2026
Mailer Declared Total Pieces 10,709 pcs.
Mailer Declared Total Weight 401.5875 lbs.
Mailer Declared Weight of a single-piece 0.0375 lbs.
USPS Determined Total Pieces 10,709 pcs.
USPS Determined Total Weight 401.5875 lbs.
USPS Determined Weight of a single-piece 0.0375 lbs.
Total Number of Containers 34
Total Adjusted Postage $ 6,447.72
Payment Date and Time 03/20/2026 14:47
Payment Transaction Number 202607916475054M0
Adjustment Transaction Number
Mailer Figures Adjusted? No
Person authorizing adjustment
Name
Phone Number
Acceptance Site Mailer ID
Clerk Initials ELM
Mail Arrival Date and Time 03/20/2026 16:47
3/20/26, 3:13 PM USPS PostalOne!
https://www.uspspostalone.com/PostageProcessingWeb/receipt.do?popup=yes&pstg_stmt_seq_no=684920143&tran_seq_no=1471133354&digest=8… 1/2 Attachment 3
Item 7.b
Attachment 3
Item 7.b
Attachment 3
Item 7.b
Attachment 3
Item 7.b
CITY OF CORONADO
PUBLIC SERVICES & ENGINEERING
In the Matter of the Public Hearing Notice for the May 5, 2026, Meeting of the City Council of the City of Coronado:
PUBLIC HEARING: PROPOSITION 218 HEARING FOR APPROVAL OF “A RESOLUTION
OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, ESTABLISHING
SWER SERVICE CHARGES FOR SANITARY SEWER COLLECTIN SERVICES, WITH ANNUAL UPDATES THROUGH JULY 1, 2030”
DECLARATION OF NOTICE BY MAIL
AND/OR
PUBLISHED LEGAL NOTICE
I, Denise Johnson , declare:
That I am a Citizen of the United States over the age of eighteen years, that I am employed within the County of San Diego, California, by the City of Coronado, and my business address is 101 B Avenue, Coronado, California, that I mailed and/or published a legal notice, a true and correct copy of which is ATTACHED HERETO and made a part hereof, that such notices were mailed and/or will be printed in a newspaper of general circulation on April 22, 2026, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council on May 5, 2026.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on April 28, 2026, at Coronado, California.
____________________________________
Denise Johnson, Administration Manager
City of Coronado
Attachment 4
Item 7.b
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING ON PROPOSED WASTEWATER RATES
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City Council of the City of Coronado will hold a Public Hearing at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Coronado on May 5, 2026, at 4:30 p.m., or as soon as possible thereafter as the matter can be heard in the Council Chamber of City Hall, 1825 Strand Way, Coronado, California, 92118 for the purpose of considering an increase in rates for sewer services effec- tive July 1, 2026, with annual increases each July 1, through 2030.
PURPOSE OF PROPOSED RATE INCREASES
The City Council will consider proposed changes to the maximum allowable Wastewater Services fees charged by the City for Fiscal Years 2027-2031. Adjustment of the wastewater rate is being proposed due to the increased costs of providing wastewater services to the residential and business communi- ties. Revenues derived from the wastewater rates are used solely for the actual and necessary expenses of providing wastewater services to customers. The purpose of the proposed rate increases is to allow the City to collect sufficient revenue to enable it to continue providing wastewater service to its cus- tomers in the face of increasing capital, operating and maintenance costs. Additional detail regarding the City’s calculations of its costs of providing wastewater services and the proportionate allocation of the cost of those services to customers is documented in the FY 2027 Wastewater Rate Study dated Feb- ruary 16, 2026, prepared by the City’s rate consultant (Raftelis), see https://www.projectcoronado.org/.
PARTICIPATION IN THE HEARING AND PROTESTS
At the public hearing, at the above time and place, the City Council will consider spoken or written com- ments from any interested persons regarding the proposed wastewater rates. Additionally, any proper- ty owner served by City wastewater services may submit a written protest to the proposed wastewater rates (for the purpose of submitting written protests, any tenant obligated to pay the wastewater rates is considered as a property owner); however, in order for a written protest to be counted by the City, the written protest must: (a) be in writing in paper form (emails or spoken protests will not be counted), (b) identify the parcel for which the protest is filed (e.g., by street address or Assessor’s Parcel Number), (c) identify the property owner (or tenant) of the parcel with printed name and signed original, (d) clearly state the property owner (or tenant) opposes the proposed wastewater rates, and (e) be received by the City prior to the close of public hearing. The City will receive written protests either: (1) delivered to Attn: City Clerk, City of Coronado, 1825 Strand Way, Coronado, California 92118, by 4:30 p.m., May 5, 2026, or (2) filed with the City Clerk in the City Council Chambers during, and prior to the conclusion of, the public hearing. Mailed written protests received by the City after the close of the public hearing will not be counted, even if they were postmarked earlier.
After the public hearing is closed, the City Clerk will provide the City Council a final tabulation of the number of timely written protests received by the City. Only one written protest per parcel will be counted. If timely written protests are filed on behalf of a majority of the parcels that receive City waste- water service, the increased wastewater rates will not be adopted by the City.
There is a 120-day statute of limitations for any judicial action to challenge the proposed wastewater rates described in this notice (per Government Code Section 53759). If you challenge the proposed wastewater rates in court, you may be limited to raising only those issues you or someone else raised at the public hearing.
PROPOSED INCREASES
The information in the table below shows separate columns for wastewater rates that are currently in effect, and the proposed rate increases effective July 1, 2026 (for FY 2027), with annual increases each July 1 thereafter, with the last increase on July 1, 2030 (for FY 2031). The table identifies rows for the relevant rates for each identified customer class, including: (a) Flat Rates (Monthly), for which the City may charge the identified rate per month, or the City may charge the identified rate times twelve on an annual basis through the tax rolls; (b) Flow Based Rates (per HCF), for which the City charges the identified rate times the number of HCF (hundred cubic feet) of water used by the customer; (c) Navy Rates – Transportation (per MG), for which the City charges the identified rate times the number of MG (million gallons) of water used by the customer, and (d) Navy Rates – Treatment (per 1,000 pounds), for which the City charges the identified rate times the number of 1,000 pounds of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and TSS (total suspended solids).
WASTEWATER RATES AND PASS-THROUGH
In accordance with Government Code Section 53756, the City may pass -through increases in costs for sewage treatment or wastewater treatment. Wastewater rates provide the revenue needed to pay for the staff, supplies and capital projects required to maintain the City’s wastewater collection and con- veyance system, including costs imposed by the City partner, Metro JPA, to provide transportation and treatment of the City’s wastewater. Estimated flow and treatment costs are factored into the proposed rates. Should the actual costs of treatment exceed the estimated cost, the City may pass that increase through to customers. Additional information on the pass-through methodology and noticing require- ments can be found at https://www.projectcoronado.org/.
Proposed Monthly Sewer Charge Rate By Fiscal Year (FY 2027-2031) For further information, contact the Coronado Public Services & Engineering Department, 101 B Ave, Coronado, California or call (619) 522-7380; or visit: https://www.projectcoronado.org/ .
By: Kelsea Holian, City Clerk
Proposed Monthly Sewer Charge Rate By Fiscal Year (FY 2027-2031) Line Customer Class Current FY 2027 FY 2028 FY 2029 FY 2030 FY 2031 Flat Rates (Monthly) 1 Single Family Unit (SFU) $48.75 $55.48 $60.20 $65.31 $70.86 $76.89 2 Multi
-family Unit (MFU)
(per unit) $39.00 $26.70 $28.97 $31.43 $34.10 $37.00
3 Hotel (per room) $19.72 $20.56 $22.31 $24.20 $26.26 $28.49 4 Commercial (per
account) $58.94 $99.32 $107.77 $116.93 $126.86 $137.65
5 Small Restaurant (up to
50 seats) $44.73 $89.65 $97.27 $105.54 $114.51 $124.24
6 Medium Restaurant (51
to 150 seats) $203.21 $199.05 $215.97 $234.32 $254.24 $275.85 7 Large Restaurant (150 or
more seats) $616.62 $731.52 $793.70 $861.17 $934.36 $1,013.79 8 Boat Slips (per slip) $7.66 $12.81 $13.90 $15.08 $16.37 $17.76 Flow Based Rates (Per HCF)
9 Hotel Del Coronado
Laundry $5.38 $6.88 $7.46 $8.10 $8.79 $9.53
10 Laundry Lounge (Laundromat) $4.52 $5.11 $5.55 $6.02 $6.53 $7.09 11 Port of San Diego $4.41 $5.33 $5.78 $6.27 $6.80 $7.38 12 School $4.46 $5.14 $5.58 $6.05 $6.56 $7.12
13 Hospital $4.69 $5.40 $5.85 $6.35 $6.89 $7.48
Navy Rates – Transportation (Per MG)
14 Navy NAB
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 15 NASNI Navy
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 16 Navy Coastal Campus
(Transportation Only) $3,538.46 $5,131.17 $5,567.32 $6,040.55 $6,553.99 $7,111.08 Navy Rates – Treatment (Per 1,000 Pounds)
17 Navy Coastal Campus
(BOD Strength) $337.02 $428.68 $465.12 $504.65 $547.55 $594.09 18 Navy Coastal Campus
(TSS Strength) $356.51 $640.43 $694.87 $753.93 $818.01 $887.54 For further information, contact the Coronado Public Services & Engineering Department, 101 B Ave, Coronado, California or call (619) 522-7380; or visit:
https://www.projectcoronado.org/ .
By: Kelsea Holian, City Clerk
Attachment 4
Item 7.b
Attachment 5
ORDINANCE NO. 2026-02
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, AMENDING SECTION 60.08.050 OF
CHAPTER 60.08 OF THE CORONADO MUNICIPAL CODE
PERTAINING TO SEWER SERVICE CHARGES
WHEREAS, pursuant to Chapter 60.08 of the Coronado Municipal Code, a wastewater sewer service fee is charged to all residential and non-residential customers in the city limits of the City of Coronado that discharge sewage into the sewer lines maintained by the City, or is considered by the San Diego Metropolitan Sewer System to be within the City jurisdiction; and WHEREAS, the City must generate funds in an amount sufficient to fund the City’s annual operating costs for its sanitary sewer system, and allow the City to continue its pay-as-you-go practice for funding major capital improvement (replacement) projects to the system; and WHEREAS, the City last raised its sewer service rates in 2019; and WHEREAS, the City hired Raftelis Financial Consultants, Inc., a nationally recognized expert in sewer rates, to conduct a Sewer User Rate Study (“Study”), a copy of which is on file with the City and has been available for public review; and WHEREAS, on March 17, 2026, the City reviewed the findings of the Study and determined that increases in the sewer service charge are necessary to generate funds sufficient to cover the City’s ongoing costs of providing sewer services and related costs and expenses; and
WHEREAS, the Study recommended several revisions to the City’s wastewater sewer service fee charging structure including: establishing an operating reserve based on a target of six months of operations and maintenance and capital improvement project expenses and fund from current reserve balances; adjusting the customer classification rates to align with the most recent data and cost of service analysis, implementing annual rate increases over a five-year period to meet operational, maintenance, debt service, reserve and capital funding needs; exploring the ability to obtain customer level water consumption data for each land use type by; and increasing the Navy rates to ensure that they are paying their full cost of service; and WHEREAS, on March 17, 2026, the City Council directed that the recommended rate increase identified in the Study be implemented over a five-year period; and WHEREAS, on March 20, 2026, in accordance with the provisions of Article XIIID of the California Constitution (Proposition 218), the City mailed notices of proposed increases in the City’s sewer service rates, which were provided to the affected property owners/customers not less than forty-five (45) days prior to the public hearing on the proposed rates; and WHEREAS, the City Council conducted a public hearing on May 5, 2026, at 4 :30 p.m. at 1825 Strand Way, Coronado, California, 92118, in order to receive oral and written testimony regarding the proposed increases in the City’s sewer service charges. Said date and time were not less than forty-five (45) days after the mailing of the notice as set forth above; and Item 7.b
WHEREAS, at the public hearing, the City heard and considered all oral testimony, written materials, and written protests concerning the establishment and imposition of the proposed rates for the sewer service charges; and
WHEREAS, at the close of the hearing, the written protests against the rates set forth herein were not presented in a number representing a majority of the affected parcels upon which the rates are to be imposed and, therefore, the City Council was authorized to take action by separate resolution to impose the increased rates and charges as described in the mailed notices of public hearing; and
WHEREAS, Coronado Municipal Code (“CMC”) Section 60.08.050 codified the amount of sewer service charges previously approved by City Council in 2014, to include annual adjustments through July 1, 2019; and
WHEREAS, it is deemed to be in the best interests of the City to amend CMC Section
60.08.050, as described in this ordinance, so that future proposed increases to sewer service charges will be considered for approval of the City Council by resolution, instead of approval by ordinance; with all such future proposed increases being set in compliance with the law such as Proposition 218.
NOW THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, does ordain as follows:
SECTION ONE:
The above recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein as though set forth in full.
SECTION TWO:
Section 60.08.050 of the Coronado Municipal Code is hereby amended to read as follows:
60.08.050 Sanitary sewer service rate. The City Council shall adopt sanitary sewer service charge rates (or “sewer rates”) by resolution. That resolution shall identify in the schedule of sewer rates the process by which the City will pass through any wholesale charges for sewer treatment, including compliance with the requirements of Government Code Section 53756.
SECTION THREE:
This ordinance was introduced on May 5, 2026.
SECTION FOUR:
This ordinance shall be effective thirty (30) days after its adoption. Within fifteen (15) days after its adoption, the City Clerk is directed to publish this ordinance to the provisions of Government Code Section 36933.
SECTION FIVE:
The City Council of the City of Coronado hereby declares that should any section, paragraph, sentence, phrase, term or word of this Ordinance, hereby adopted, be declared for Item 7.b
any reason to be invalid, it is the intent of the City Council that it would have adopted all other portions of this Ordinance irrespective of any such portion declared invalid.
SECTION SIX:
This Ordinance shall supersede any and all provisions of any previous resolution and/or ordinance approved by the City Council that may conflict with, or be contrary to, this Ordinance.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado at a regular meeting thereof this 19th day of May 2026 by the following vote to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
____________________________________
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST:
_________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
Item 7.b
*****
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO : ss.
CITY OF CORONADO )
I, KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the City of Coronado, hereby certify that the foregoing ORDINANCE NO. 2026-02 passed at the regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Coronado held on the 19th day of May 2026 after having been read at the regular meeting of said City Council held on the 5th day of May 2026.
_________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
ORDINANCE NO. 2026-02
Item 7.b
1 Kelsea Holian
From: Tina <
Sent: Thursday, April 30, 2026 8:38 AM
To: City Clerk's Office; Tina Friend
Subject: Public comment for May 5 agenda sewer rates Managers’ report from Tina Christiansen Follow Up Flag: Follow up
Flag Status: Flagged
CAUTION: This email is from an EXTERNAL source. Ensure you trust this sender before clicking on any links or aƩachments.
This is to provide my public comment in support of the sewer rate report and the staff recommendaƟon to increase the sewer rates to reflect the costs of proper maintenance of sewer systems.
While nobody really wants to pay more than they have to for uƟliƟes we DO want our sewer system adequately maintained. I am in support of paying for the costs to do so.
I have read the report and the analysis and support the proposed staff recommendaƟon. acƟons. I note with interest that we have an aging sewer line that extends out the silver strand which is in salty sandy “hot” soils and we are also at a low point in the sewer system. (Hot soils=electrolysis) This requires adequate maintenance of pipes and several pump staƟons to adequately serve the community. I didn’t see discussion of the potenƟal for reclaimed water in this report , but should the city pursue that as a separate maƩer I am in support of that. It would reduce the burden on the pumping staƟons to get out sewage all the way out to Point Loma and provide much needed water to keep our desert island green. We should use our increasingly expensive imported drinking water for domesƟc use not landscaping.
Tina ChrisƟansen
7b. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-1)
Item 7.b
I wish to commend the Council for its long-delayed review of fiscal requirements associated with operation and maintenance of Coronado’s. wastewater system.
To cap annual rate increases at 8.5%, the city plans to use $1l.5 million- about 69%- of our reserve funds. It is my
understanding that reserve funds are intended for replacement and rehabilitation of aging infrastructure, not for operating expenses.
While the City would remain within the minimum requirement of three months of reserve funds, this does not fully address my concern: why are capital reserves being used to support ongoing operating costs? This question is especially important, given the well-documented, growing challenges posed by Coronado’s deteriorating wastewater infrastructure.
A larger rate increase might not be popular; but it may be the best course of action.
Respectfully,
Jim Besikof
7b. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-3)
Item 7.b
Item 8a – Councilmember Kelly Purvis Report – May 5, 2026 League of California CiƟes (Cal CiƟes) City Leaders Summit April 22–24, 2026 | Sacramento
I aƩended the three-day Cal CiƟes City Leaders Summit in Sacramento—my first visit as a Councilmember. It was an excellent opportunity to meet fellow elected officials from across San Diego County, connect with our state representaƟves, and advocate for legislaƟon important to the City of Coronado.
Highlights and MeeƟngs
The first day included updates on the State budget, Cal CiƟes’ 2026 advocacy prioriƟes, and a presentaƟon on effecƟve strategies for legislaƟve advocacy. I also joined members of the San Diego Division, led by Catherine Hill, for visits with our state representaƟves. San Diego parƟcipants included Lemon Grove Mayor Alysson Snow, NaƟonal City Vice Mayor Luz Molina, and Carlsbad Intergovernmental Affairs Director Jason Haber.
MeeƟngs included:
• Assemblymember Tasha Boerner
• Assemblymember Laurie Davies
• Senator Catherine Blakespear’s Chief of Staff, Jack ChrisƟansen • Assemblymember David Alvarez’s Chief of Staff, Travis Knowles • Senator Akilah Weber Pierson’s Chief of Staff, Cassandra PaƩerson Key legislaƟve issues discussed:
• Tijuana sewage crisis and State emergency declaraƟon
• E-bike legislaƟon, including possible changes to age requirements, licensing, insurance, and enforcement
• SB 79 and its impacts on transit center–driven development standards I also had a one-on-one lunch with Cal CiƟes HECD advocate Brady GuerƟn to discuss SB 79 cleanup efforts and its significance for Coronado. I later learned that Cal CiƟes has updated its posiƟon on SB 79 cleanup bills.
SB 79 Update
The Senate Local Government CommiƩee will hear Senator Durazo’s chair’s bill, SB 1361, on April 29. This bill aims to address unresolved issues with SB 79 (Wiener, 2025). Following amendments made in the Senate Housing CommiƩee, SB 1361 would now:
• Prohibit ciƟes from reducing transit service frequency at exisƟng or planned stops • Prohibit condiƟoning transit project approvals based on SB 79 density and height requirements
• Prohibit withholding support for federal grant applicaƟons Ɵed to these requirements Due to these changes, Cal CiƟes has shiŌed from “support if amended” to a neutral posiƟon, emphasizing the need for a broader, more comprehensive cleanup of SB 79 to support effecƟve Item 8.a
implementaƟon. At this point the bill has no impact on City of Coronado but need to conƟnue to monitor.
Sessions of Note
• Rumor Has It: Tackling MisinformaƟon
Discussion on communicaƟon strategies for addressing and countering misinformaƟon. • 2026 CiƟes Gubernatorial Candidate Forum
Featured candidates: Becerra, Villaraigosa, and Thurmond. • The California State Budget, Federal Uncertainty, and Local Impacts • AI ApplicaƟons in Local Government
Explored uses of AI in public safety, transportaƟon, urban planning, and civic services.
RecommendaƟon: explore the AI Virtual Assistant on the Pleasant Ridge, MI website. • Closing Session: “13 Ways to Kill Your Community” – Doug Griffiths An inspiring presentaƟon encouraging leaders to criƟcally evaluate how communiƟes succeed— or decline. Griffiths emphasized that communiƟes falter when we resist change, avoid responsibility, operate in silos, or make decisions based on fear. Strong communiƟes thrive through clear vision, engaged leadership, and thoughƞul, long-term acƟon.
I leŌ the summit grateful for Coronado’s strong posiƟon but reminded that conƟnued success requires intenƟonal leadership, embracing innovaƟon, and collaboraƟon across nonprofits, residents, and regional partners.
Community and Regional Engagement
May 2, 2026 – CCYC Opening Day
May 2, 2026 – Tea at Coronado Library
May 3, 2026 – MainStreet MotorCars on MainStreet
Upcoming MeeƟngs
Metro Wastewater Joint Powers Authority (Metro JPA)
May 7, 2026 – Metro JPA/Commission MeeƟng
AddiƟonal materials available at: www.metrojpa.org/home Cal CiƟes Housing, Economic Development, and Community Development (HECD) Policy CommiƩee
June 5, 2026 – Virtual Cal CiƟes HECD Policy CommiƩee MeeƟng Item 8.a
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Receive Multi-Year General Fund Financial Forecast through Fiscal Year 2030-31 and provide direction on an Interfund Loan from the General Fund to the Affordable Housing In-Lieu Fee Fund (265) and a One-Time General Fund Contribution to the Facilities Replacement Fund (436)
RECOMMENDATION
Receive Multi-Year General Fund Financial Forecast through Fiscal Year 2030-31 and provide direction on additional considerations of an Interfund Loan from the General Fund to the Affordable Housing InLieu Fee Fund (265) for the purchase of 349-63 D Avenue property and a One-Time $5,000,000 General Fund Contribution to the Facilities Replacement Fund (436).
BACKGROUND
As part of the FY 2026-27 Budget preparation, staff develop a multi-year financial projection of the General Fund, which is presented in advance of the Proposed Budget release. This forecast identifies financial trends and risks, estimates the level at which capital expenditures/investments can be made, and identifies future commitments and demands. The financial projections also provide an opportunity to discuss key variables that impact revenue and expenditures.
ANALYSIS
Long-Range General Fund Financial Forecast
Staff is forecasting the General Fund revenues, expenditures, transfers, and ending balances through FY 2030-31 using historical data and projected trends. Recent trends in property taxes, sales taxes, transient occupancy taxes, and other revenues have been recognized for the upcoming fiscal years. The discussion below includes the factors that influenced projections for the upcoming fiscal years.
The short-term forecast continues to incorporate an additional layer of caution given ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty and elevated market volatility. Economic conditions in early 2026 remain influenced by geopolitical developments, energy price fluctuations, and lingering effects from prior tariff policy changes. While the national economy demonstrated resilience through 2025, overall growth moderated toward the end of the year. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth for the fourth quarter of 2025 was reported at approximately 1.4%, reflecting softer momentum compared with earlier quarters.
Looking ahead, national growth is expected to remain moderate, with forecasts generally projecting GDP expansion near 2.0%–2.4% in 2026, indicating steady but below-trend economic activity.
Inflation trends have shown gradual improvement relative to prior years but remain above long-term policy targets. While consumer price increases moderated in parts of 2025, recent increases in global energy prices and continued trade-related cost pressures have contributed to renewed inflation risk heading into 2026.
Federal Reserve policymakers have signaled that interest rates are likely to remain elevated for a longer period as they monitor inflation progress toward the 2% target. At the same time, forecasts suggest inflation pressures are expected to ease gradually over the medium term as tariff-related impacts diminish and supply conditions stabilize.
Item 8.b
Consumer spending has remained generally resilient but shows early signs of moderation as households respond to higher borrowing costs and persistent price pressures. Labor market conditions remain stable overall. Employment growth slowed during 2025 compared with prior years, but the unemployment rate has remained near 4%, reflecting continued underlying stability in the labor market despite slower hiring activity.
In the local economy, the full extent of geopolitical tension and resulting volatility will likely take time to fully materialize. On the revenue side, there remain concerns regarding potential impacts on tourism activity should investment markets underperform or experience sustained volatility. Given Coronado’s reliance on discretionary travel, fluctuations in financial markets may disproportionately affect higher-networth visitors, group travel demand, and business-related bookings, all of which are important contributors to Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT) and related local spending for Sales and Use Tax revenue.
On the expenditure side, the City is anticipating general inflationary price hikes with exceptions for a few specific industries and externally influenced areas such as insurance, energy, and computer hardware costs. Overall, the City’s FY 2026-27 projections incorporate these factors in major revenue sources and operating expenditures, resulting in more conservative forecasts and easing to historical norms towards FY 2030-31.
General Fund Revenue Projections
Total Revenues are projected to increase from $83.9 million in FY 2025-26 to $102.9 million in FY 2030-
31. This average annual increase is approximately 4.5% through FY 2030-31. Property tax revenue is projected to increase from the current level for FY 2025-26 of $46.3 million to $58.6 million in FY 2030-
31. A third-party consultant provides this projection, representing an average annual increase of 5.3% over five years, consistent with the prior year’s projections. The factors in these projections include Consumer Price Index (CPI) adjustments, estimated transfers of ownership, and new construction among others.
The completion of major renovations at the Hotel del Coronado represents a significant near-term economic tailwind. The return of several hundred previously offline rooms, along with incremental new inventory, is strengthening overall lodging capacity and improving occupancy potential. As a result, both TOT and Sales & Use Tax revenues are projected to continue experiencing modest growth in FY 2026– Item 8.b
27 and the out-years, supported by increased room availability and continued demand for Coronado as a premium visitor destination. The cross-border water quality conditions continue to require ongoing monitoring due to their potential to influence beach conditions, visitor perception, and ultimately shortterm tourism activity.
Collectively, property, sales & use, and TOT revenue sources represent about 89% (average over the five projected years) of General Fund Revenues.
Notable revenues from Other Sources include Use of Money & Properties, which continues to anticipate additional rate cuts during FY 2026-27, but at a slower frequency than previously projected. As the principal investment balance has grown in recent years, the forecast reflects a level of investment revenue similar to FY 2024-25 actuals, before tapering in subsequent years. The intergovernmental category is projecting a gradual increase as the City focuses on eligible grant opportunities for pending capital projects in near to mid-term. The remaining revenue categories mostly project stable CPI-based adjustments through FY 2030-31. The following table presents the growth assumptions related to projected revenues in the next five years.
General Fund Expenditure Projections
Operating expenditures for the General Fund are projected to increase by an annual average of 4.2% ($67.8 million in FY 2025-26 to $82.2 million in FY 2030-31) over the next five years. Operating Expenditures are divided into three main categories: Personnel, Services/Supplies/Property, and Transfers from the General Fund to other Funds.
Personnel Expenditures: These costs represent the most significant cost element in the General Fund (about 53.3% of operating costs). Personnel costs are expected to increase by $10.4 million to $57.3 million (an average increase of 4.4%) through FY 2030-31. These projections mostly incorporate compensation estimates for both the represented and the self-represented groups, as well as the cafeteria plan allotment (health benefits) and pension benefits.
Pension costs have been one of the primary drivers of increased costs in the personnel category. The discount rate is integral to the actuarial assumptions that calculate the required City contribution for unfunded accrued liability. The discount rate for FY 2026-27 will remain at 6.8%. Any changes to future Item 8.b
discount rates would significantly impact the City's pension and corresponding personnel costs and will be closely monitored.
Supplies, Services, and Community Grants Expenditures: Forecasts are primarily driven by CPI, which averaged 2.7% during 2025. As of March 2026, the CPI has risen to 3.3% year-over-year, primarily due to a spike in energy costs driven by conflict in the Middle East. This represents the highest increase since May 2024. Incorporating current geopolitical uncertainties, 2026-27 forecasts a slightly higher 4% multiplier, gradually tapering to 3% in later years. The Community Grants are projected based on the percentage of the General Fund revenue as established under Council Policy #28.
General Fund Transfers Projections
Transfer Expenditures Accounts: As shown in the table above, this category accounts for transfers to the Sub-funds of the General Fund and other Non-General Funds. The use of separate self-balancing funds for functions such as Recreation, Community Development, Insurance, Solid Waste/Recycling, IT Equipment Replacement, and Vehicle & Equipment Replacement necessitates the use of transfer accounts (in the General Fund) to account for the allocation of General Fund resources to these activities.
Insurance Fund: The insurance and claims-related expenses are one area where the City continues to experience sustained increases. The City is self-insured to certain retention limits, and the excess insurance covers losses exceeding the retention to its maximum coverage limits.
Storm Drain Enterprise Fund: Staff plans to conduct a Storm Drain Fee Study to support a potential future rate adjustment, which is projected to reduce dependence on transfers from the General Fund over the next five years. The table shows the planned transfers over the next five years.
Pension Stabilization: In 2015, the City established an irrevocable trust account to deposit savings from advance payments to CalPERS, thereby reducing the City's annual employer contributions. Assets placed in trust allowed for greater diversity in investment allocations designed to provide higher returns over time based on the risk tolerance level set by the City.
Item 8.b
The City previously made a $5.0 million prepayment to CalPERS toward unfunded pension liability, and the estimated annual savings of $450,000 in required contributions have been budgeted for the pension stabilization fund, along with any additional General Fund contributions. The forecast reflects an additional $550,000 in annual contributions, in addition to $450,000, through FY 2030-31. Based on CalPERS’s most recently published report, the City’s Pension Plans collectively have a funded status of
75.4% as of June 30, 2024. This ratio is a slight increase from the prior year, and also closely aligns with the consolidated CalPERS funded-ratio. This does not include the pension stabilization irrevocable trust account balance of $19.0 million as of June 30, 2025, which would increase the funded status to approximately 81.8%.
Capital Projects and Facilities Replacement: In accordance with budget principles and strategies, the available fund balance will be applied to the City's General Capital Improvement Program (CIP) after being applied to Operating Expenditures. The projections reflect the 5-year CIP schedule and the resulting funding estimates based on the projects’ timing and scope.
The City Council established a transfer program for the Major Capital Facilities Replacement Fund (Fund 436) in FY 2015-16. The contribution formula provides for an increase in the replacement cost due to inflation and would approximate $1.4 million for a recommended annual contribution. However, given the current economic uncertainties, the forecast includes a reduced contribution of $500,000 for FY 2026- 27, followed by a temporary deferral of contribution for FY 2027-28 and FY 2028-29. During FY 2023-24, the City experienced a higher surplus than was budgeted, and the Council approved a one-time contribution of $10 million, which helped to replenish the fund balance to align with the policy. In the latter part of the staff report, staff is recommending a similar one-time General Fund contribution of $5.0 million.
The fund's estimated balance is $34.1 million on June 30, 2026.
General Fund Sources and Uses of Funds Projections
Sources and Uses of Funds: The table above summarizes Revenues (Sources of Funds), Expenditures (Uses of Funds), and Transfers for the five-year period from FY 2026-27 through FY 2030-31. The overall trend reflects continued growth in revenue and expenditures toward a historically normal range, maintaining a balanced budget and modest but steady growth in the General Fund balance through FY 2030-31.
Item 8.b
Restricted General Fund Balance: The City has adopted a policy that provides a Minimum Reserve of six months of operating expenditures to provide adequate resources in the event of an economic downturn or other events that result in a limited or significant reduction in current revenues. The City Council has also set aside two other reserves for future reductions in Property Tax Revenues from Mills Act (historic designation) properties. The amount set aside for this purpose is $500,000. The City Council also provided a reserve of $4 million to be used for future Capital Projects. Collectively, the amount set aside for this factor ranges from $45.2 million in FY 2025-26 to $54.2 million in FY 2030-31. The following table portrays these reserves and the amount of the total Fund Balance that exceeds the reserve requirements, as explained.
Putting the Results Together: As a result of positive post-pandemic financial results, the City is well situated to navigate the current uncertain economic environment. The General Fund balance over the next five years is forecast to remain stable, with the fund balance as of FY 2030-31 projected at $93.1 million. To meet or outperform this forecast, the staff will continue to apply the City’s budgetary principles and strategies, with the goal of maintaining current service levels while maintaining a balanced budget.
Item 8.b
Additional Considerations
Interfund Loan from Affordable Housing In-Lieu Fee Fund (265) On December 2, 2025, the Council approved the purchase of real property (349-63 D Avenue) for the City’s affordable housing program. The purchase was partially funded from the Affordable Housing InLieu Fee Fund ($1,800,000) and the General Fund ($4,198,000). The Council directed staff to evaluate the feasibility of an interfund loan for the General Fund contribution of $4,198,000, to be repaid from the Affordable Housing In-Lieu Fee Fund. Below are some of the factors considered as part of the interfund loan feasibility evaluation:
• Affordable Housing In-Lieu Fee Fund 265’s fund balance is estimated to be approximately $257,000 as of June 30, 2026.
• The fund’s revenue sources are housing in-lieu fees and interest revenue. • Affordable housing in-lieu fee revenues from FY2022 to FY2026 (YTD) are, $28,000, $168,000, $84,000, and $112,000, respectively. Due to the nature of this revenue source, annual amounts are difficult to project and are expected to fluctuate year over year. • Based on the interfund loan balance of $4,198,000, a 20-year term with zero interest would require an annual repayment of $209,900. However, the recent historical revenue is not projected to support this level of annual payment. The housing in-lieu fee was updated from $7,000 per unit to $59 per square foot of living space contained in each dwelling during the April 15, 2025, City Council meeting. The updated fee may significantly impact the fund's future revenue, but it will need additional time to develop a reasonable expectation. • Accordingly, staff proposes a repayment term of 50% of the prior year’s revenue, to be paid annually, by March 31st of the following fiscal year, with the first payment commencing during FY 2026-27.
• A balloon lump sum payment may be considered, at the Council’s discretion, based on the Affordable Housing In-Lieu Fee Fund 265’s fund balance. • This approach will enable the interfund loan repayment amounts based on the fund’s revenue, while continuing to build fund balance for potential future affordable housing property acquisition.
Facilities Replacement Fund (436) Contribution
Staff is recommending a one-time General Fund prepayment contribution of $5.0 million to the Facilities Replacement Fund (436). This contribution will help to maintain the recommended contribution rate as the current forecast anticipates a temporary deferral of contribution for FY 2027-28 and FY 2028-29. The General Fund forecasts to maintain its fund balance with a budgetary surplus of approximately $11.6 million in FY 2024-25, partially offset by a projected deficit of ($3.9 million) in FY 2025-26, primarily due to the purchase of the affordable housing property located at 349-63 D Avenue. The fund balance of the Facilities Replacement Fund (436) is approximately $34.1 million as of June 30, 2026, and would increase to $39.1 million if the one-time contribution is approved.
FISCAL IMPACT
No fiscal impact is associated with receiving a report on the financial projections. The revenue and expenditure projections are intended for a high-level review. This multi-year projection presentation provides a backdrop and context for the upcoming Fiscal Year 2026-27 Budget Hearing. Several assumptions are used in these projections. Two guiding principles that are employed throughout these estimates are as follows:
1. Operating revenues and expenditures are shown using historical data and projected future trends.
Future trends are projected based on current financial conditions and anticipated changes.
Item 8.b
2. Departmental operations are maintained at the current level, and current revenues are matched with current operational needs before being allocated for other purposes, i.e., new Capital Improvement Program (CIP) projects or Facilities Replacement projects (legacy facilities)
ALTERNATIVE
None.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
Not Applicable.
PUBLIC NOTICE
No public notice is required for this item.
ATTACHMENTS
None.
Submitted By: Administrative Services / John Kim
Item 8.b
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Fiscal Year (FY) 2026-27 Coronado Tourism Improvement District (CTID) Advisory Board Annual Report/Management Plan and Resolution of Intent to Continue to Levy Assessments on Four Hotel Businesses
RECOMMENDATION
Review and approve the FY 2026-27 Annual Report and Management Plan from the CTID Advisory Board, as supplemented; consider adoption of “A Resolution of The City Council of the City of Coronado, California, Declaring its Intention to Continue to Levy Two One-Half Percent (0.5%) Assessments During Fiscal Year 2026-27 on Certain Hotel Businesses Within the Coronado Tourism Improvement District I and Coronado Tourism Improvement District II;” and set a public hearing date of Tuesday, June 2, 2026, for consideration of the continued levy assessment.
BACKGROUND
On June 15, 2010, the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 2013 establishing the first Coronado Tourism Improvement District (CTID I). CTID I was formed under the Parking and Business Improvement Area Law of 1989 and incorporated into the Coronado Municipal Code (CMC) under Chapter 16.14. On June 16, 2015, the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 2050 amending CMC Chapter 16.14 to establish the second Coronado Tourism Improvement District (CTID II). CTID II was formed pursuant to the Property and Business Improvement District Law of 1994. The formation of the first CTID in 2010 was in reaction to the downturn in Coronado’s tax revenues after the Great Recession of 2008.
Tourism Improvement Districts are a variation of Business Improvement Districts (BIDs), whose formation and function are authorized in California’s Street and Highways Code. The concept of BIDs is that they are best positioned to market, promote, and enhance their own economic activity. Under this model, a local agency collects an assessment from selected businesses and distributes the funds in accordance with a work plan approved by the legislative body. Assessment revenues must be used only for activities authorized under the applicable state statutes governing the districts. The scope of allowable activities differs between the Parking and Business Improvement Area Law of 1989 and the Property and Business Improvement District Law of 1994, with the latter requiring that funded activities provide direct benefit to the assessed properties.
Because the two Coronado Tourism Improvement Districts were established under different statutory frameworks, CTID I allows certain activities that may provide broader destination benefits, while CTID II requires that assessment revenues be used specifically for the benefit of the assessed properties.
In 2018, Discover Coronado, a nonprofit organization created to administer the proceeds of CTID I and II, was established. The Discover Coronado Board of Directors consists of nine members representing the assessed hotel properties, community organizations, and local businesses, and comprises the same members as the CTID Advisory Board.
Pursuant to CMC Section 16.14.080 and Sections 36530 and 36533 of the 1989 Law, the CTID Advisory Board must submit an Annual Report and Management Plan outlining the board's activities during the current year and the proposed use of assessment funds for the upcoming fiscal year. After reviewing and approving the Annual Report and Management Plan, Section 36534 of the 1989 Law further requires that Item 8.c
the City Council shall consider adopting a Resolution of Intent to reauthorize the assessments for CTID I and II for the proposed programs for the next fiscal year. If adopted, the Resolution of Intent schedules a public hearing to receive written or oral protests from the assessed hotel properties regarding the continued operation of either district and/or the one-half percent (0.5%) assessment for each district.
ANALYSIS
On March 17, 2026, the City Council reviewed the FY 2026-27 CTID Annual Report and Management Plan and requested additional information from Discover Coronado to further clarify the proposed programs and use of assessment funds.
Following Council’s direction, the CTID Advisory Board held a special meeting on April 9, 2026, to address the requested items and provide additional detail. As outlined in Attachments 3 and 4, this includes expanded budget information for prior, current, and upcoming fiscal years, clarification on how expenses are allocated between CTID I and CTID II, and additional context regarding reserve balances and potential future use of those funds.
Discover Coronado has provided this information to support Council’s continued review of the Annual Report and Management Plan and will be available to present and respond to questions.
Next Steps
If the City Council approves the FY 2026-27 Annual Report and Management Plan and adopts the Resolution of Intent, notice of the public hearing will be published and letters noting the renewal and protest hearing date will be sent to all assessed parties (the four major hotels) within seven days of the resolution’s adoption.
FISCAL IMPACT
The City receives $5,000 from both CTID I and CTID II to cover the cost of an annual financial review, accounting costs, and other in-kind services. The CTID Annual Report projects FY 2026-27 assessments will generate $1,150,000 in revenues each for CTID I and CTID II, for a total of $2,300,000.
ALTERNATIVE
1) Make modifications to the Annual Report and Management Plan and approve it, as modified; and/or 2) Not approve the Annual Report and Management Plan or exclude either CTID I or CTID II from the Resolution of Intent and direct staff to bring back a Resolution of Intention to disestablish one or both Districts.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
This action is not subject to CEQA.
PUBLIC NOTICE
No notice required.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Resolution No. 2026-25
2. Discover Coronado Annual Report
3. Discover Coronado Budget Detail
4. Discover Coronado Supplemental Information
Submitted By: City Manager's Office / Kelli Maples
Item 8.c
Attachment 1
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-25
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, DECLARING ITS INTENTION TO
CONTINUE TO LEVY TWO ONE-HALF PERCENT (0.5%)
ASSESSMENTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 2026-27 ON CERTAIN
HOTEL BUSINESSES WITHIN THE CORONADO TOURISM
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT I AND CORONADO TOURISM
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT II
WHEREAS, the City has the authority to establish a business improvement district pursuant to the Parking and Business Improvement Area Law of 1989 (“1989 Law”), Section 36500 et seq. of the California Streets and Highways Code and Property and Business Improvement District Law of 1994 (“1994 Law”) Section 36600 et seq. Of the California Streets and Highways Code; and
WHEREAS, the City Council on June 15, 2010, passed Ordinance No. 2013 establishing the Coronado Tourism Improvement District I (“CTID I”) pursuant to the 1989 Law; and WHEREAS, the City Council at that time also established the CTID Advisory Board to act in compliance with the 1989 Law to oversee the activities of the District; and WHEREAS, the City Council on June 16, 2015, passed Ordinance No. 2050 establishing the Coronado Tourism Improvement District II (“CTID II”) pursuant to the 1994 Law; and WHEREAS, the City Council at that time also established the CTID Advisory Board to act in compliance with the 1989 Law to oversee the activities of District I; and WHEREAS, the CTID Advisory Board filed an Annual Report with the Coronado City Clerk that outlined the activities of CTID I and II conducted in Fiscal Year 2025-26 and the proposed activities for Fiscal Year 2026-27 and contained all the elements required by Streets and Highways Code Section 36533(b); and
WHEREAS, on May 5, 2026, the Coronado City Council approved the Annual Report/Management Plan for consideration; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to state law, the City must adopt a new resolution each year of its intent to levy an assessment for each CTID for that fiscal year.
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado as follows:
Section 1. The recitals set forth herein are true and correct.
Section 2. The Annual Report and Management Plan is hereby received and approved, as submitted, with said Report being on file in the City Clerk’s Office. The Report contains a full and detailed description of the improvements and activities to be provided during Fiscal Year 2026-27, the boundaries of the area, and the proposed assessments to be levied upon the businesses within both CTID I and II for Fiscal Year 2026-27.
Item 8.c
Section 3. Pursuant to the Parking and Business Improvement Area Law of 1989 and the Property and Business Improvement District Law of 1994, the City shall levy and collect an annual assessment in both CTID I and II beginning on July 1, 2026, for Fiscal Year 2026-27.
Section 4. There shall be no change in the boundaries, assessment amount or number of assessed hotels for either CTID I or II. Both CTID I and II include those hotels within the City that have 90 or more rooms. These hotels include the Hotel del Coronado, Loews Coronado Bay Resort, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, and Glorietta Bay Inn.
Section 5. The City Council hereby declares that the types of activities to be funded by the levy of assessments against the assessed hotels within CTID I and II shall be activities “to enrich our community by positioning Coronado, and its resorts, as a premier meeting destination” in a way that directly benefits the assessed hotels located and operating within each CTID boundary.
Section 6. A public hearing shall be held on June 2, 2026, in the City Council Chamber, at 1825 Strand Way, Coronado, California, at 4 p.m., or as soon thereafter as possible, as the date, place, and time to hold the public hearing required by Streets and Highway Code Section 36535. At the time of the public hearing, written and oral protests may be made. The form and manner of protests shall comply with Streets and Highways Code Sections 36524 and 36525.
This resolution shall take effect immediately upon its adoption by the City Council, and the City Clerk shall certify to the vote adopting this resolution.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED, by the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, at a regular meeting thereof this fifth day of May, 2026, by the following votes, to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
APPROVED:
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the City
of Coronado, California
Item 8.c
FY25 - FINAL
Discover Coronado
FY25 D1 FY25 D2 FY25 Budget Expended Percentage
$950,000 $950,000 $1,900,000 $1,906,149 119%
$25,000 $25,000 $50,000 $53,689 107%
$9,706 $9,706 $19,412 $20,759 107%
$984,706 $984,706 $1,969,412 $1,980,598 101%
$238,875 $238,875 $477,750 $570,868 119%
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000 $52,289 70%
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000 $49,381 66%
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000 $49,616 66%
$30,000 $30,000 $60,000 $31,500 53%
$164,000 $164,000 $328,000 $328,260 100%
$55,000 $55,000 $110,000 $99,719 91%
$7,500 $7,500 $15,000 $11,250 75%
$60,000 $60,000 $120,000 $119,070 99%
$36,500 $36,500 $73,000 $91,150 125%
$16,000 $16,000 $32,000 $35,000 109%
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $15,800 79%
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $14,588 73%
$740,375 $740,375 $1,480,750 $1,468,490 99%
$40,000 $40,000 $80,000 $72,069 90%
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $14,605 73%
$15,000 $15,000 $30,000 $155 1%
$65,000 $65,000 $130,000 $86,829 67%
$3,000 $3,000 $6,000 $5,302 88%
$2,500 $2,500 $5,000 $4,934 99%
$6,250 $6,250 $12,500 $9,486 76%
$5,000 $5,000 $10,000 $10,000 100%
$2,500 $2,500 $5,000 $4,840 97%
$1,250 $1,250 $2,500 $2,424 97%
$10,500 $10,500 $21,000 $19,250 92%
$4,000 $4,000 $8,000 $3,987 50%
$62,500 $62,500 $125,000 $125,000 100%
$42,500 $42,500 $85,000 $84,673 100%
$13,500 $13,500 $27,000 $26,242 97%
$4,500 $4,500 $9,000 $3,269 36%
$23,000 $23,000 $46,000 $40,914 89%
$181,000 $181,000 $362,000 $340,321 94%
$986,375 $986,375 $1,972,750 $1,895,640 96%
NET PROFIT -$3,338 $84,958
Project Manager
Payroll Tax
Insurance-Liability - Workers Comp
Benefits
OPERATIONS TOTAL
TOTAL EXPENSES
Executive Director
Water Quality - Sustainability
COMMUNITY TOTAL
OPERATIONS
Accounting - Bookkeeping - Tax
Legal - Consulting - License - Fees
Creative Design - Assets
Administrative Fee - City of Coronado
Equipment - Software - Digital - Web
Supplies - Postage - Phone
Rent
Misc. Expense
Community Sponsorships
Group Sales Marketing + Cvent Lead Generation
Destination Sales Director
Destination Sales Director Sales Goal Commission
Leisure Marketing
Economic Impact Study and Symphony Reports
Strategic Plan ('25-'28)
Website Development
Photography, Video, Content
ACQUISITION TOTAL
COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
Local Initiatives
Service Credits and Site Expenses
ASSESSMENT - OTHER REVENUE
Projected Assessment
Projected Reserve Earnings
IRS Employee Retention Credit
REVENUE TOTAL
GROUP SALES & GUEST ACQUISITION
San Diego Tourism Authority Partnership
Fams Trips - Inbound Expenses
Sales Trips - Outbound Expenses
Trade Shows
Attachment 3
Item 8.c
FY26 ACTUALS THRU 12/25
Discover Coronado
FY26 D1 FY26 D2 FY26 Budget Expended Thru 12/25 Percentage $1,087,500 $1,087,500 $2,175,000 $1,101,127 51%
$28,000 $28,000 $56,000 $53,552 96%
$1,115,500 $1,115,500 $2,231,000 $1,154,680 52%
$237,500 $237,500 $475,000 $17,586 4%
$40,000 $40,000 $80,000 $2,740 3%
$40,000 $40,000 $80,000 $44,054 55%
$40,000 $40,000 $80,000 $13,369 17%
$30,000 $30,000 $60,000 0%
$165,000 $165,000 $330,000 $226,597 69%
$57,000 $57,000 $114,000 $55,000 48%
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $2,850 14%
$67,500 $67,500 $135,000 $73,500 54%
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000 $35,700 48%
$17,500 $17,500 $35,000 $6,400 18%
$57,500 $57,500 $115,000 $88,480 77%
$799,500 $799,500 $1,599,000 $566,275 35%
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000 $42,150 56%
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $10,000 50%
$31,000 $31,000 $62,000 0%
$78,500 $78,500 $157,000 $52,150 33%
$2,500 $2,500 $5,000 $2,574 51%
$2,500 $2,500 $5,000 $1,300 26%
$6,250 $6,250 $12,500 $6,190 50%
$5,000 $5,000 $10,000 0%
$2,500 $2,500 $5,000 $2,654 53%
$1,250 $1,250 $2,500 $2,121 85%
$15,000 $15,000 $30,000 $15,843 53%
$4,000 $4,000 $8,000 $2,816 35%
$65,000 $65,000 $130,000 $65,000 50%
$9,750 $9,750 $19,500 $19,500 100%
$44,200 $44,200 $88,400 $44,200 50%
$30,000 $30,000 $60,000 $41,109 69%
$17,500 $17,500 $35,000 $14,271 41%
$3,500 $3,500 $7,000 $5,555 79%
$27,500 $27,500 $55,000 $21,981 40%
$236,450 $236,450 $472,900 $245,112 52%
$1,114,450 $1,114,450 $2,228,900 $863,538 39%
$98,742
$2,100 $192,400
RESERVE EXPENSES
NET PROFIT
Content Coordinator (PT)
Payroll Tax
Insurance - Liability - Workers Comp
Benefits
OPERATIONS TOTAL
TOTAL EXPENSES
Project Manager
OPERATIONS
Accounting - Bookkeeping - Tax
Legal - Consulting - License - Fees
Creative Design - Assets
Administrative Fee - City of Coronado
Equipment - Software - Digital - Web
Supplies - Postage - Phone
Rent - Relocation
Misc. Expense
Executive Director
Executive Director Goal Bonus
COMMUNITY TOTAL
Destination Sales Director
Destination Sales Director Goal Commission
Leisure Marketing
Economic Impact Study - Symphony
Website Service - Attribution - Booking Tool
Photography - Video - Content
ACQUISITION TOTAL
COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
Local Initiatives - Services
Community Sponsorships
Public Relations - 6 months
Group Sales Marketing - Cvent Tools
ASSESSMENT - OTHER REVENUE
Projected Assessment
Projected Reserve Earnings
REVENUE TOTAL
GROUP SALES & GUEST ACQUISITION
San Diego Tourism Authority Partnership
Fams Trips - Inbound Expenses
Sales Trips - Sales Tools -Sales Gifts
Trade Shows - Outbound Expenses
Service Credits - Site Expenses
Attachment 3
Item 8.c
FY27- APPROVED BUDGET
Discover Coronado
FY27 D1 FY27 D2 FY27 Budget
$1,150,000 $1,150,000 $2,300,000
$28,000 $28,000 $56,000
$1,178,000 $1,178,000 $2,356,000
$237,500 $237,500 $475,000
$40,000 $40,000 $80,000
$40,000 $40,000 $80,000
$40,000 $40,000 $80,000
$30,000 $30,000 $60,000
$172,500 $172,500 $345,000
$60,000 $60,000 $120,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$87,500 $87,500 $175,000
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$25,000 $25,000 $50,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000
$5,000 $5,000 $10,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$835,000 $835,000 $1,670,000
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000
$31,000 $31,000 $62,000
$78,500 $78,500 $157,000
$2,750 $2,750 $5,500
$2,750 $2,750 $5,500
$3,000 $3,000 $6,000
$1,750 $1,750 $3,500
$3,500 $3,500 $7,000
$6,250 $6,250 $12,500
$5,000 $5,000 $10,000
$20,500 $20,500 $41,000
$4,000 $4,000 $8,000
$68,250 $68,250 $136,500
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000
$46,410 $46,410 $92,820
$30,000 $30,000 $60,000
$20,000 $20,000 $40,000
$33,150 $33,150 $66,300
$5,250 $5,250 $10,500
$262,560 $262,560 $525,120
$1,176,060 $1,176,060 $2,352,120
$3,880
Group Sales Marketing - Cvent Tools
ASSESSMENT - OTHER REVENUE
Projected Assessment
Earnings from Reserves
REVENUE TOTAL
GROUP SALES & GUEST ACQUISITION
San Diego Tourism Authority Partnership
Fams Trips - Inbound Expenses
Sales Trips - Client Events -Sales Gifts
Trade Shows - Outbound Expenses
Service Credits - Site Expenses
COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
Destination Sales Director
Destination Sales Director Goal Commission
Leisure Marketing
Economic Impact Study - Symphony - Attrition
Website Service - Booking Tool
Photography - Video - Content
Group Organization Memberships
IMEX America + Booth Update
Keep It In Coronado Incentive
AI Optimization Strategy
ACQUISITION TOTAL
Administrative Fee - City of Coronado
Local Initiatives - Services
Community Sponsorships
Public Relations - 6 months
COMMUNITY TOTAL
OPERATIONS
Accounting - Bookkeeping - Tax Preparation
Legal - Consulting - License - Fees
Equipment - Software - Digital - Web
Supplies - Postage - Phone
Insurance - Business Coverage
Creative Design - Assets
NET PROFIT
Rent - Relocation
Misc. Expense
Executive Director
Executive Director Goal Bonus
Project Manager
PT Content Coordinator
Payroll Tax
Benefits
401K Merit Matching
OPERATIONS TOTAL
TOTAL EXPENSES
Attachment 3
Item 8.c
FY27 PROPOSED BUDGET
Discover Coronado
FY27 D1 FY27 D2 FY27 Budget
$1,150,000 $1,150,000 $2,300,000
$28,000 $28,000 $56,000
$1,178,000 $1,178,000 $2,356,000
$175,000 $300,000 $475,000
$30,000 $50,000 $80,000
$30,000 $50,000 $80,000
$30,000 $50,000 $80,000
$20,000 $40,000 $60,000
$145,000 $200,000 $345,000
$60,000 $60,000 $120,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$150,000 $25,000 $175,000
$37,500 $37,500 $75,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$25,000 $25,000 $50,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$0 $20,000 $20,000
$2,500 $7,500 $10,000
$12,500 $12,500 $25,000
$755,000 $915,000 $1,670,000
$75,000 $0 $75,000
$20,000 $0 $20,000
$62,000 $0 $62,000
$157,000 $0 $157,000
$2,750 $2,750 $5,500
$2,750 $2,750 $5,500
$3,000 $3,000 $6,000
$1,750 $1,750 $3,500
$3,500 $3,500 $7,000
$6,250 $6,250 $12,500
$5,000 $5,000 $10,000
$20,500 $20,500 $41,000
$4,000 $4,000 $8,000
$68,250 $68,250 $136,500
$10,000 $10,000 $20,000
$46,410 $46,410 $92,820
$30,000 $30,000 $60,000
$20,000 $20,000 $40,000
$33,150 $33,150 $66,300
$5,250 $5,250 $10,500
$262,560 $262,560 $525,120
$1,174,560 $1,177,560 $2,352,120
$3,440 $440 $3,880
Group Sales Marketing - Cvent Tools
ASSESSMENT - OTHER REVENUE
Projected Assessment
Earnings from Reserves
REVENUE TOTAL
GROUP SALES & GUEST ACQUISITION
San Diego Tourism Authority Partnership
Fams Trips - Inbound Expenses
Sales Trips - Client Events -Sales Gifts
Trade Shows - Outbound Expenses
Service Credits - Site Expenses
COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
Destination Sales Director
Destination Sales Director Goal Commission
Leisure Marketing
Economic Impact Study - Symphony - Attrition
Website Service - Booking Tool
Photography - Video - Content
Group Organization Memberships
IMEX America + Booth Update
Keep It In Coronado Incentive
AI Optimization Strategy
ACQUISITION TOTAL
Administrative Fee - City of Coronado
Local Initiatives - Services
Community Sponsorships
Public Relations - 6 months
COMMUNITY TOTAL
OPERATIONS
Accounting - Bookkeeping - Tax Preparation
Legal - Consulting - License - Fees
Equipment - Software - Digital - Web
Supplies - Postage - Phone
Insurance - Business Coverage
Creative Design - Assets
NET PROFIT
Rent - Relocation
Misc. Expense
Executive Director
Executive Director Goal Bonus
Project Manager
PT Content Coordinator
Payroll Tax
Benefits
401K Merit Matching
OPERATIONS TOTAL
TOTAL EXPENSES
Attachment 3
Item 8.c
Supplemental information for the renewal of the assessments that fund the work of Discover Coronado through Fiscal Year 2026-2027.
Background On March 17, 2026, Coronado City Council reviewed the annual report that summarized the scope of work in Fiscal Year 2025- 2026. The Executive Director was asked to provide additional details.
The Advisory Board of Discover Coronado held a special meeting April 9, 2026 to immediately respond to Council’s discussion points.
Provide detailed budgets for FY25, current year FY26 and FY27 that include expense accounting between District 1 and District 2.
The Executive Director and Advisory Board reviewed and prepared budget sheets for distribution to City Council.
The Advisory Board did not alter revenue projections for Fiscal Year 2026-2027. There are growing concerns with impacts from the Iranian conflict, skyrocketing fuel costs/shortages, plummeting international travel and poor consumer confidence that discourages travel planning.
Explain how expenses are divided between District 1and District 2.
The Executive Director and Advisory Board reviewed how expenses have been split evenly between the two districts since the introduction of Attachment 4
Item 8.c
District 2 in 2015. Expenses are split (50/50) to appropriately draw from the two identical revenue streams. This allows for precise bookkeeping.
Additionally, expenses are also divided evenly because they always benefit both the assessees and the community. Group meeting expenditures, for example, should not be exclusive to District 2 because meeting attendees make purchases at Coronado shops, restaurants and services between conference sessions.
The Advisory Board considered Council’s wish to isolate specific expenses to either District 1 or District 2 for Fiscal Year 2026-2027.
Although the expenses continue to benefit both the assessees and the destination, the Board proposed shifting planned community expenses to District 1. They then adjusted budget allocations for District 2 to absorb a greater portion of expenses associated with attracting conventions, conferences and group meetings in the off-season.
Share insight on balance of reserves held by Discover Coronado as they compare to other corporations/organizations.
The Advisory Board received a presentation on the formation of the reserves. In 2021, reserves were established so Discover Coronado could continue its mission in the event of another calamity that strikes the hotel and hospitality industry. The reserves were created should the industry tumble as it did after 9/11/01, the 2008 recession and 2020 pandemic.
The reserves allow for funding unexpected needs of the resorts and for research/development (R&D). When tariffs and governmental downsizing negatively impacted the group meeting industry, the reserves were used for group sales incentives. Additionally, reserves have been quickly allocated for public relations strategies to promote non-beach attractions Attachment 4
Item 8.c
in the city. Reserves have also been used to better showcase the resorts to meeting planners, and the creation of the Coronado Job Fair in 2022.
At this time, Discover Coronado retains about 50% of its average annual revenue for this purpose. Reserve to revenue ratios vary across industries, the Board did not identify an ideal percentage but will begin to spend down its reserves for major projects in FY27 such as a new sales incentive to rebuild international travel volume, a brand-new website and for needs in the community, as requested by Coronado City Council.
Consider investment of Discover Coronado reserves for needs within the community.
The Executive Director proposed a partnership with the City of Coronado to invest reserves for opportunities in the community. The partnership would include stakeholders that represent the City of Coronado, the assessees, At-Large Members of Discover Coronado and a representative for the community businesses. The partners could each propose investment opportunities, weigh them as a committee and vote whether to invest. For this partnership, Discover Coronado will provide 50% of District 1 reserves, totaling $300,000, to be invested during the next three years. This represents $100,000 per year for FY27, FY28 and FY29 for community projects the partnership approves.
Conclusion Discover Coronado has provided detailed budget sheets as requested to supplement the meeting materials of Coronado City Council.
In the May 5, 2026 public hearing for the continuing the assessment, the Executive Director will address each of the requests from Coronado City Council.
Attachment 4
Item 8.c
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Consideration of MainStreet Coronado’s Fiscal Year 2025-26 Community Grants Funding Request
RECOMMENDATION
Consider and provide direction on MainStreet Coronado’s $29,800 Community Grants request for Fiscal Year (FY) 2025-26, and authorize staff to take appropriate action.
BACKGROUND
At its June 17, 2025 meeting, the Coronado City Council conducted its annual review of Community Grants funding requests for FY 2025-26. For MainStreet Coronado (“MainStreet”), the City Council considered the submitted funding request of $99,925 (consisting of two grants with $70,525 under the “Economic Vitality” program and $29,400 under the “Community Enhancement” program), as well as a revised request of $53,000 presented by the MainStreet Board at the June 17 meeting.
After discussing MainStreet’s current activities and impact on the community, the Council deferred a decision on funding in favor of learning more about next steps with the MainStreet Board and its future activities. Councilmember Downey offered to act as a liaison with MainStreet to explore the questions posed by the City Council and assist with the return of a funding request.
ANALYSIS
Attachment 1 articulates MainStreet’s revised funding request of $29,800 for the current fiscal year (FY 2025-26). As described, MainStreet proposes a reduced grant to cover approximately 80 percent of event and program expenses supporting: (1) MainStreet Goes Ghostly; (2) Shop Small Saturday; (3) MotorCars on MainStreet; (4) Coronado Currency; and (5) Historical Preservation Symposium. The request also includes costs for annual overhead under an all-volunteer structure.
The request letter also describes MainStreet’s Downtown Monitoring efforts, which include monitoring City Council and Commission agendas for items affecting the business district, and educating and coaching business owners on streetscape etiquette, such as outdoor business displays, A-frame signs, and outdoor dining furniture.
Staff requests direction from the City Council on the grant funding request, including whether the requirement to expend the funds within the grant period (fiscal year) should apply, or if MainStreet would be permitted to reserve funds for the next fiscal year, given that several of the events have already occurred.
FISCAL IMPACT
The FY 2025-26 Community Grants budget (10011000-80220) contains adequate appropriations to meet the funding request of $29,800.
ALTERNATIVE
The City Council may choose to fund, or not fund, MainStreet, as deemed appropriate. The City Council may also provide other direction with respect to MainStreet activities.
Item 8.d
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
This action is not subject to CEQA.
PUBLIC NOTICE
No public notice is required for this item.
ATTACHMENTS
1. MainStreet FY 2025-26 Funding Request Letter
2. Minutes Excerpt from June 17, 2025 City Council Meeting
3. FY 2025-26 Approved Community Programs Grant Funding Submitted By: City Manager's Office / Tina Friend
Item 8.d
Attachment 1
Item 8.d
Attachment 1
Item 8.d
Attachment 1
Item 8.d
Attachment 1
Item 8.d
Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) Board of Directors.
Councilmember Steward provided comments regarding her assignment on the SANDAG Shoreline Preservation Working Group.
Review and Allocate the Fiscal Year 2025-26 Community Grant Program Awards
Review and approve funding allocations for the Fiscal Year (FY) 2025-26 Community Grant Program.
Kelli Maples, Senior Management Analyst, presented the Staff Report utilizing a PowerPoint presentation.
Motion made by: Mayor Duncan
Seconded by: Councilmember Downey
Approve "Option 2" of the staff recommendation for mini-grant funding allocations for Pacific Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), KMAC Foundation for Accessible Sailing, and Coronado School of Arts Foundation.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Abstain (1): Councilmember Purvis on Coronado School of the Arts Foundation.
Motion Carried
David Schmidt, Storytellers of San Diego, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Hoa Audette, Coronado Cheer, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Anthony Audette, Coronado Cheer, provided comments regarding the organization's services and impact on the local community.
Blair, Coronado Cheer Team, provided comments regarding the need for safety mats for practice.
Rachel Strueber provided comments regarding the impact the Coronado Cheer organization has had in the community.
Discussion ensued regarding setting a precedent of using community grants as a method to provide sports equipment or safety equipment.
Shelly Tinney-Miller, Cancer Cartel, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
8.b
June 17, 2025 City of Coronado Page 4
Attachment 2
Item 8.d
Discussion ensued regarding providing a grant to support further fundraising efforts and Cancer Cartel's direct impact to Coronado.
Peggy Duncan, Friends of the Children United Society (FOCUS) president, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Kate Carinder, Camp Able board chair, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Sara Stillman, Coronado Junior Women's Club, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Councilmember Downey asked for clarification on the purpose of the grant funding and if the organization had sought funding from CTID/Discover Coronado to assist with the Taste of Coronado event. Ms. Stillman clarified that the funding would be applied towards an advertisement campaign to attract more involvement in the event and that the organization had not yet sought other grant opportunities.
Discussion ensued regarding providing grant funding for fundraising efforts.
Stephanie Anderson, Island Yoga Cares, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Councilmember Fleming asked for clarification on other sources of funding sought for Island Yoga Cares and its length of existence as a 501(c)(3) entity. Ms. Anderson stated that the organization had begun local fundraising efforts and applied for grants, and has been a 501(c)(3) entity for eight months.
Councilmember Purvis asked how much the organization has received in grant funding.
Ms. Anderson stated that Island Yoga Cares has received a letter of approval for one grant with an indeterminate amount.
Discussion ensued regarding the target community of the organization and the impact on the community.
Judy Weisman, Coronado Hospital Foundation, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Discussion further ensued regarding the ongoing grant funding for Coronado Hospital in light of the additional financial support it received from the City through the sale of the hospital property to the City.
Catherine Baker, Coronado Junior Arts League, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Council and Ms. Baker discussion ensued regarding the funding sources of the program,
June 17, 2025 City of Coronado Page 5
Attachment 2
Item 8.d
the amount of paid staff members, and the number of productions put on per year.
Dawn Richards provided comments regarding the mini-grant and full grant application process, suggesting that there should be a mid-tier grant opportunity for organizations like the Coronado Junior Arts League.
Discussion ensued regarding funding above the mini-grant funding threshold.
Motion made by: Mayor Duncan
Seconded by: Councilmember Downey
Allocate $5,000 to Storytellers of San Diego, $13,099 to Coronado Cheer, $17,750 to Camp Able at Coronado/SDSU Research Foundation, $15,000 to the Coronado Hospital Foundation, and $30,000 to the Coronado Junior Arts League.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Motion Carried
Mayor Duncan called for a recess at 6:57. Council reconvened at 7:12 p.m.
Merridee Book, Coronado Island Film Festival, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Councilmember Fleming asked for clarification on the ongoing need of seeking grant funding for the event. Ms. Book replied that the film festival continues to grow and requires additional funding year over year to sustain and expand the event.
Doug St. Denis, Coronado Island Film Festival, provided comments regarding the history of the organization's requests for funding and the impact of the event in the community.
Phil Garn, Coronado Island Film Festival, provided comments regarding the volunteer aspect of the organization and the impact of the event in the community.
Councilmember Downey commented on increasing the recommended funding allocation for the Chamber of Commerce’s website enhancement, noting the value of the information provided to both visitors and residents, as well as the Chamber’s advocacy efforts in conveying the impact of regulations to the City Council and other legislative bodies. Mayor Duncan concurred and requested a demonstration of the website in the coming year.
Kelly Kindorf, Coronado Floral Association, provided comments regarding the volunteer aspect of the organization and the impact of the event in the community.
Discussion ensued regarding the possibility of funding the Coronado Floral Association at the $100,000 request due to the cost of tents and requesting that the organization seek
June 17, 2025 City of Coronado Page 6
Attachment 2
Item 8.d
multiple bids for tents in the future.
Discussion further ensued regarding the funding of the Coronado Schools Foundation Art and Wine Festival, noting earlier conversations about the use of grant funding for fundraising events. There was consensus to support funding this year’s event, with the suggestion to consider limiting future support to in-kind contributions only.
Phil Imming, Coronado Community Band, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Jamie Hartnett provided comments regarding support for the Coronado Community Band.
Council discussion ensued regarding increasing the funding of the Coronado Community Band's Operational Support request to $18,500 and support for matching the funding allocated to the Coronado Historical Association during the last grant cycle.
Jenna McIntosh, President of the Coronado Historical Association Board, thanked the City Council for their ongoing support.
Christine Stokes, Executive Director of the Coronado Historical Association, thanked the City Council for its continued support and emphasized the importance of maintaining the museum’s presence on Orange Avenue, highlighting its positive impact on community engagement and local tourism.
Jack Kennedy, Coronado Philharmonia Orchestra, provided comments regarding the organization's services, purpose for seeking grant funding, and asked for funding matched to last year's allocation.
Kali Lindsey, Emerald Keepers, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Council discussed funding both of Emerald Keepers' requests to the amount granted last year and funding Lamb's Players Theatre to the amount granted last year.
Kimberly Miller, Lamb's Players Theatre, thanked the City Council for their ongoing support.
Allen Osmialowski, Coronado MainStreet, provided comments regarding the organization's services and requested an additional $53,000 in grant funding.
Inge Cornejo, Coronado MainStreet, provided comments regarding a potential new event being proposed by MainStreet and highlighted how Coronado Currency purchases help retain spending within the local economy.
Council further discussed the data provided to the City through MainStreet’s downtown
June 17, 2025 City of Coronado Page 7
Attachment 2
Item 8.d
monitoring program, the organization’s request for additional funding, and its overall impact on the community. There was consensus to bring back MainStreet’s funding request for consideration no later than the first meeting in October, with Councilmember Downey liaising with the organization in the interim.
Chris Merwin, Memorial Day Ceremony Planning Committee, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Discussion ensued regarding the allocation of $4,000 to the Memorial Day Ceremony Planning Committee, noting increased production costs and the desire to minimize out-ofpocket expenses for the organization.
Samuel Buse, Musica Vitale, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Sharon Hall, Musica Vitale, provided comments regarding the organization's membership, including the non-professional singers that comprise the Crown City Chorale.
Councilmember Downey and Ms. Hall discussed the niche Musica Vitale fills within Coronado’s arts community that the organization performs both in schools and throughout the community and that tickets are sold, but the organization aims to keep prices affordable to ensure continued accessibility for attendees.
Councilmember Fleming asked how many of the organization’s performances take place in Coronado versus elsewhere. It was clarified that most are held in Coronado, with some repeat performances in the San Diego region, resulting in an approximate 50/50 split.
Dawn Richards provided comments regarding Musica Vitale and the Crown City Chorale, noting that Musica Vitale is a Coronado-based nonprofit composed of professional, paid musicians who charge modest ticket prices to cover performance and rehearsal costs, while also supporting educational programs and sponsoring the community-based, nonaudition Crown City Chorale.
Discussion further ensued regarding the grant requests submitted by Musica Vitale. There was consensus to allocate $15,000 to the Main Stage and School Program and $10,000 to the Crown City Chorale Coronado Choir Program for 2024–25.
Danielle Maske, Safe Harbor Coronado, provided comments regarding the organization's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Rich Brady, Safe Harbor Coronado, provided comments regarding the organization's impact to the community and need for mental health resources.
Discussion followed regarding the grant requests submitted by Safe Harbor Coronado.
There was consensus to match funding from last year's grant allocations.
June 17, 2025 City of Coronado Page 8
Attachment 2
Item 8.d
Dawn Richards provided comments regarding the Villa-Lobos International Chamber Music Festival's services and purpose for seeking grant funding.
Motion made by: Councilmember Steward
Seconded by: Councilmember Downey
Allocate grant funding: $105,000 to Coronado Fourth of July, $100,000 to the Coronado Island Film Festival across two grants, $109,000 to the Chamber of Commerce across three grants, $95,600 to the Coronado Floral Association, $20,000 to the Coronado Community Band across two grants, $104,000 to the Coronado Historical Association across three grants, $50,543 to Coronado Philharmonia Orchestra, $70,100 to Emerald Keepers across two grants, $75,000 to Lamb's Players Theatre, $4,000 to the Memorial Day Ceremony Planning Committee, $25,000 to Musica Vitale across two grants, $125,000 to Safe Harbor Coronado across two grants, $22,306 to Villa-Lobos International Chamber Music Festival across two grants, and returning at a future meeting to discuss funding for the Coronado Community Theatre and MainStreet Coronado.
Yes (5): Mayor Duncan, Councilmember Downey, Councilmember Fleming, Councilmember Purvis, and Councilmember Steward
Abstain (2): Councilmember Downey from Safe Harbor Coronado, Councilmember Steward from Emerald Keepers
Motion Carried
Mayor Duncan called for a recess at 8:25. Council reconvened at 8:31 p.m.
City Council Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) Subcommittee Tina Friend, City Manager, presented the staff report utilizing a PowerPoint.
Mila Albertson provided comments regarding concern for residential solar energy credit by utility providers.
Councilmember Steward clarified a comment made at a prior meeting regarding the difference of a not for profit and for profit entity, and suggested the City hold a public workshop.
Discussion ensued regarding the committee assignments and opportunities to increase community outreach and involvement.
Motion made by: Mayor Duncan
Seconded by: Councilmember Fleming
Appoint Councilmember Downey and Councilmember Purvis to serve on the ad hoc Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) Subcommittee, and approve the subcommittee work plan.
8.c
June 17, 2025 City of Coronado Page 9
Attachment 2
Item 8.d
Coronado Community Grants FY 2025-26
Council Approved Allocation 6/17/2025
Organization Grant Request/Program Name FY 2025-26
Approved Allocation
Camp Able Camperships $13,750
Classics 4 Kids Inc. Music Education Access for Coronado Students $15,750 Coronado Chamber of Commerce Holiday Parade & Tree Lighting $15,000 Coronado Chamber of Commerce Advocating for Coronado's Business Community $70,000 Coronado Chamber of Commerce Coronado Visitor Center Website $24,000 Coronado Cheer Vital Safety Equipment $13,099
Coronado Community Band Operations Support $18,500
Coronado Community Band Coronado Community Band - July 4th Patriotic Concert $1,500 Coronado Community Theatre 2025 Free Classic & General Operating Cost $0* Coronado Floral Association Coronado Flower Show $95,600 Coronado Fourth of July Coronado Fourth of July Diamond Jubilee $105,000 Coronado Historical Association Keep the Coronado Museum Free $104,000 Coronado Hospital Foundation Primary Stroke Center $15,000 Coronado Island Film Festival Production of the 5-Day Coronado Island Film Festival $50,000 Coronado Island Film Festival Year-Round production & Outreach $50,000 Coronado Junior Arts League CJAL Youth Theatre $30,000
Coronado Junior Woman's Club A Taste of Coronado $0
Coronado Philharmonia Orchestra CPO 2024-25 Season $50,543 Coronado School of Arts Foundation (CoSA) West Side Story $15,000 Coronado Schools Foundation Coronado Art and Wine Festival $24,850 Emerald Keepers Community Programs, Events, & Education $27,800 Emerald Keepers Youth Services, Leadership Development & Engagement $42,300 Friends of Children United Society (FOCUS) Enhancing and Improving Technology $0 Island Yoga Cares IYC Community Wellness Initiative $0
KMAC Foundation Annual mini grant $15,000
Lamb's Players Theatre 2024-25 Season $75,000
MainStreet Coronado Community Enhancement $0*
MainStreet Coronado Economic Vitality $0*
Memorial Day Ceremony Planning Committee Coronado Memorial Day Ceremony 2024 Grant $4,000 Musica Vitale 2024-25 Main Stage and School Program $15,000 Musica Vitale Crown City Chorale Coronado Choir $10,000 Pacific Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) Mini Grant $15,000 Safe Harbor Coronado Healthy Families Program $75,000
Safe Harbor Coronado Family Support Services $50,000
Storytellers of San Diego Lore and Legends of Coronado $5,000 The Cancer Cartel Cancer Cartel Coronado Initiative $0
Villa-Lobos International Chamber Music Festival Coronado Residency $14,386 Villa-Lobos International Chamber Music Festival Coronado School Outreach $7,920 $1,067,998
$93,002
grants marked with * were deferred by the City Council for future consideration Attachment 3
Item 8.d
Organization FY 2025-26
Approved Allocation
Safe Harbor Coronado $125,000
Coronado Chamber of Commerce $109,000
Coronado Fourth of July $105,000
Coronado Historical Association $104,000
Coronado Island Film Festival $100,000
Coronado Floral Association $95,600
Lamb's Players Theatre $75,000
Emerald Keepers $70,100
Coronado Philharmonia Orchestra $50,543
Coronado Junior Arts League $30,000
Musica Vitale $25,000
Coronado Schools Foundation $24,850
Villa-Lobos International Chamber Music Festival $22,306 Coronado Community Band $20,000
Classics 4 Kids Inc. $15,750
Coronado Hospital Foundation $15,000
Coronado School of Arts Foundation (CoSA) $15,000
Pacific Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) $15,000
KMAC Foundation $15,000
Camp Able $13,750
Coronado Cheer $13,099
Storytellers of San Diego $5,000
Memorial Day Ceremony Planning Committee $4,000
Friends of Children United Society (FOCUS) $0
The Cancer Cartel $0
MainStreet Coronado $0
Coronado Community Theatre $0
Island Yoga Cares $0
Coronado Junior Woman's Club $0
Grand Total $1,067,998
Coronado Community Grants FY 2025-26
Council Approved Allocation 6/17/2025
Attachment 3
Item 8.d
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Consideration of a Resolution Opposing Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Off the California Coast and the Inclusion of California Outer Continental Shelf Planning Areas in the 11th National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program
RECOMMENDATION
Adopt, modify, or take no action on the proposed resolution opposing offshore oil and gas leasing off the California Coast.
BACKGROUND
This item was placed on the agenda pursuant to City Council Policy #2, which allows any Councilmember or the Mayor to request that an item be placed on a future City Council agenda for discussion and possible action. The item was approved to be placed at a future agenda at the April 7, 2026, City Council meeting.
ANALYSIS
The attached resolution was prepared by Councilmembers Purvis and Steward. Staff's role was limited to formatting the document to conform to the standard style used for resolutions prepared by staff.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no direct fiscal impact associated with the adoption of this Resolution. Costs associated with transmittal of the Resolution are minimal and can be absorbed within existing operating budgets.
ALTERNATIVE
The Council may adopt the resolution as presented or with modifications, continue the item to a future meeting with direction to staff, or take no action.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
This action is not subject to CEQA.
PUBLIC NOTICE
No public notice is required for this item.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Resolution 2026-23
Submitted By: City Manager's Office / Tina Friend
Item 8.e
Attachment 1
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-23
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, OPPOSING OFFSHORE OIL AND
GAS LEASING OFF THE CALIFORNIA COAST AND THE
INCLUSION OF CALIFORNIA OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
PLANNING AREAS IN THE 11TH NATIONAL OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS LEASING PROGRAM
WHEREAS, The City of Coronado is a coastal community whose public health, environmental quality, economic vitality, and quality of life depend upon clean beaches, healthy marine ecosystems, tourism, and fishing; and
WHEREAS, The City of Coronado is a vital component of the Nation’s military infrastructure and supports major United States Navy and Marine Corps installations and operations essential to national defense; and
WHEREAS, Military operations in and around Coronado rely on safe, secure, and unobstructed coastal and offshore waters for navigation, training, aviation, and special operations missions. Coronado military bases include three aircraft carriers and other ships, fixed and rotarywinged aircraft squadrons, Naval Special Warfare Command, Naval Special Warfare Center, EOD, Marine Corp Amphibious School, SEAL Teams and major commands; and WHEREAS, Offshore oil and gas exploration and development pose risks to coastal resources, public health, economic stability, and military readiness; and WHEREAS, The City’s coastal waters have already been adversely affected by crossborder sewage pollution, increasing vulnerability to additional offshore industrial impacts; and WHEREAS, On January 6, 2025, the President of the United States withdrew all unleased federal waters offshore California from oil and gas leasing pursuant to Section 12(a) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. § 1341(a)); and
WHEREAS, The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s Draft Proposed Program for the 11th National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program includes Pacific Coast planning areas subject to this withdrawal; and
WHEREAS, The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act requires equitable consideration among regions, yet significant portions of other coastal areas have been removed from leasing while California remains exposed to disproportionate risk; and WHEREAS, California maintains a federally approved Coastal Zone Management Program, and federal actions affecting coastal uses must comply with the Coastal Zone Management Act; and
Item 8.e
Attachment 1
WHEREAS, California law prohibits new offshore oil and gas leasing in state waters and restricts expansion of petroleum infrastructure, and many coastal jurisdictions, including Coronado, have adopted land-use regulations that preclude onshore support facilities; and WHEREAS, A substantial backlog of undeveloped offshore oil and gas leases exists elsewhere, reducing any need to expose the California Coast to new leasing.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado as follows:
1. Oppose any offshore oil and gas leasing, exploration, or development activities offshore the California Coast; and
2. Urge the United States Department of the Interior and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to remove all California Outer Continental Shelf Planning Areas from the Draft Proposed Program for the 11th National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program; and
3. Submit a negative nomination for all offshore oil and gas lease tracts located off the California Coast; and
4. Direct the City Clerk to transmit this Resolution to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Secretary of the Interior, the Governor of California, the Department of Defense, the California Coastal Commission, and the City’s state and federal legislative representatives.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, at a regular meeting thereof this fifth day of May, 2026, by the following vote to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
APPROVED:
____________________________________
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST:
__________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
Item 8.e
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Introduction and First Reading of an Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Coronado Adding Coronado Municipal Code Chapter 40.74 to Prohibit the Sale and Distribution of Kratom
RECOMMENDATION
Waive first reading, and introduce Ordinance No. 2026-03 of the City Council of the City of Coronado Adding Chapter 40.74 to the Coronado Municipal Code to Prohibit the Sale and Distribution of Kratom.
BACKGROUND
At its March 17, 2026 meeting, the Coronado City Council approved a request by Mayor Duncan for the future consideration of a prohibition on the sale of the substance, Kratom, in the City of Coronado.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a plant native to Southeast Asia that is used for its psychoactive properties. Consumed as a crushed or brewed leaf traditionally, Kratom is available commercially as a powder, tablet, gummy and extract, typically in a concentrated form. Kratom contains 50 alkaloids with the two most prominent being mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH). These opioid-like alkaloids act as a stimulant in low doses and a sedative in high doses.
Use of Kratom can produce a range of effects such as psychotic symptoms, psychological and physiological dependence, addiction, hallucinations, delusion, confusion, nausea, itching, sweating, dry mouth, constipation, increased urination, loss of appetite, anorexia, weight loss, and insomnia.
There are no U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved uses for Kratom and it is not legally marketed in the United States as a drug or dietary supplement. Because it is not regulated, there are no controls on ingredients, purity levels or dosage. The FDA warns consumers not to consume Kratom due to the risk of serious adverse effects including liver toxicity, seizures and substance use disorder.
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has labeled Kratom as a “Drug of Concern” and research is ongoing to consider classifying Kratom under the Controlled Substances Act. The 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that an estimated 1.7 million Americans used Kratom. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises of a marked increase in Kratom poison exposures, a 1,200% increase from 2015 to 2025, indicating a rise in usage.
Several states, counties and municipalities have adopted bans or regulations for Kratom in their communities, including the cities of San Diego, Solana Beach and Oceanside, Newport Beach, and Orange County.
There is no statewide prohibition on the sale or possession of Kratom within California. However, the California Department of Public Health has seized and embargoed certain Kratom and 7-OH products, under the State framework for food and drug regulation. Introduced in 2025, California Assembly Bill (AB) 1088 (Bains) would add Kratom products and products containing 7-OH to the state’s food and drug regulations, and prescribe concentrations and requirements for packaging and labeling, focusing on youth use prevention. AB 1088 would also ban the sale of a Kratom product or a 7-OH product to any person under 21 years of age.
Item 8.f
ANALYSIS
The Ordinance as drafted presents a complete prohibition on the sale and distribution of Kratom, or any product derived from the Mitragyna speciosa plant that contains mitragynine or 7-hydroxymitragynine, within the City of Coronado. It empowers the City Manager to direct enforcement in accordance with the Coronado Municipal Code including infractions or misdemeanors, with multiple violations considered cumulative.
There are other regulatory approaches that the City Council could consider. For example, other cities prohibit the sale or distribution of Kratom to persons under 21 years of age, require age-verification systems, prohibit Kratom possession, prohibit Kratom or 7-OH products with a concentration of 7- hydroxymitragynine that is greater than two percent of the total Kratom alkaloids in the product, regulate marketing and packaging to be child-resistant and prohibit design intended to be attractive to children, and regulate a larger class of novel, synthetic drugs to encompass known and future drugs.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no direct fiscal impact associated with this item.
ALTERNATIVE
The City Council may direct changes to the Ordinance to provide for alternate regulations, or may take no action. If changes to the Ordinance are directed, staff will revise and re-introduce the amended Ordinance at a future City Council meeting.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
The adoption of the ordinance is not subject to CEQA pursuant to Section 15060(c)(2) and 15060(c)(3) of the State CEQA Guidelines, because it will not result in a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment and is not a “project” as defined by Section 15378 of the CEQA Guidelines.
PUBLIC NOTICE
In lieu of publication of the ordinance in its entirety, the City Clerk will publish a summary of the ordinance a minimum of five days prior to adoption, and again within 15 days after adoption of the ordinance.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Ordinance 2026-03
2. U.S. Department of Justice / Drug Enforcement Administration Kratom Fact Sheet.
Submitted By: City Manager's Office / Tina Friend
Item 8.f
Attachment 1
ORDINANCE NO. 2026-03
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, ADDING
CHAPTER 40.74 TO THE CORONADO MUNICIPAL
CODE TO PROHIBIT THE SALE AND
DISTRIBUTION OF KRATOM
WHERAS, kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia and its leaves are consumed in powered or extract forms for their psychoactive properties; and WHEREAS, kratom leaves contain over 50 alkaloids with two major psychoactive ingredients, 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) and mitragynine, which produce stimulant effects in low doses and sedative effects in high doses with effects similar to opioids such as psychotic symptoms, psychological and physiological dependence, addiction, hallucinations, delusion, confusion, nausea, itching, sweating, dry mouth, constipation, increased urination, loss of appetite, anorexia, weight loss, and insomnia; and
WHEREAS, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Survey found that an estimated 1.7 million people had used kratom within the past year with the highest usage, 1.4 million, by adults 26 years or older; and WHEREAS, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”) has labeled kratom as a “Drug of Concern” and research is ongoing to consider classifying kratom under the Controlled Substances Act; and
WHEREAS, there are no Federal Drug Administration (“FDA”)-approved kratom drug products or over-the-counter drugs containing kratom that are legally on the market in the United States for any use, and the FDA warns consumers not to use kratom because of the risk of serious adverse events including liver toxicity, seizures and substance use disorder; and
WHEREAS, as kratom products are not federally regulated they are not subject to government-mandated safety checks, resulting in a lack of oversight and accepted safety standards for use, regulation of ingredients, purity levels and dosage; and WHEREAS, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) National Poison Data System found an increase of 1,200% in kratom-related poison exposure reports from 2015-2015 including a marked surge in 2025, and raises concerns with the recent shift from traditional leaf preparations to high-potency alkaloid extracts; and Item 8.f
Attachment 1
WHEREAS, several cities and counties in California have taken steps to regulate or ban kratom products, recognizing the need to protect public safety, including San Diego, Solana Beach, Oceanside, Newport Beach, and Orange County; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Coronado is committed to safeguarding the health and well-being of its residents by ensuring that products available for sale do not pose undue health risks; and
WHEREAS, in the interest of the health, safety and welfare of the people of the City of Coronado, the City Council desires to restrict the sale and distribution of kratom; and WHEREAS, Title 40 of the Coronado Municipal Code “Public Peace, Morals and Welfare” contains health and safety procedures for the City of Coronado.
NOW THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, does ordain as follows:
SECTION ONE.
All of the above statements are true and correct and incorporated herein as though set forth in full.
SECTION TWO.
The adoption of the ordinance is not subject to CEQA pursuant to Section 15060(c)(2) and 15060(c)(3) of the State CEQA Guidelines, because it will not result in a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment and is not a “project” as defined by Section 15378 of the CEQA Guidelines.
SECTION THREE.
Title 40, Chapter 40.74 is hereby added to the Coronado Municipal Code to read as follows:
Chapter 40.74
Prohibition of the Sale and Distribution of Kratom
Sections:
40.74.010 Purpose.
40.74.020 Definitions.
40.74.030 Sale and Distribution of Kratom Prohibited.
40.74.040 Enforcement.
40.74.050 No Conflict with Federal or State Law.
Item 8.f
Attachment 1
40.74.060 Severability.
40.74.010 Purpose.
The city council recognizes the inherent danger of kratom products and that the use of kratom products can have devastating health and economic consequences. The city council further recognizes that kratom may be habit forming and is currently available to people of all ages, including children.
Allowing kratom products to be sold in the city increases access to these harmful and dangerous products. To that end, no kratom products shall be sold or distributed in the city as specifically enumerated below.
40.74.020 Definitions.
For the purposes of this chapter, the following words and phrases shall have the meaning set forth in this section:
“Distribute" or “distribution” means the transfer, by any person other than a common carrier, of a kratom product at any point from the place of manufacture or thereafter to the person who sells the kratom product to an individual for personal consumption.
“Kratom” or “Kratom product" means the leaf of the plant Mitragyna speciosa or any food product, food ingredient, dietary ingredient, dietary supplement, or beverage intended for human consumption that contains any part of the leaf of the plant Mitragyna speciosa or any extract, synthetic alkaloid, or synthetically derived compound of such plant or its leaf including, but not limited to, any powder, capsule, pill, beverage, or other edible product intended for human consumption.
“Leaf” means any or all parts of the leaf of the plant Mitragyna speciosa that contains mitragynine or 7-hydroxymitragynine.
“Sell,” “sale” and “to sell” means any transaction where, for any consideration, ownership of a kratom product is transferred to one person to another, including but not limited to any transfer or title or possession for consideration, exchange, or barter, in any manner or by any means.
40.74.30 Sale and Distribution of Kratom Prohibited.
It is unlawful to sell, advertise for sale, offer for sale, or distribute, directly or indirectly, any kratom product in the City.
40.74.040 Enforcement.
Item 8.f
Attachment 1
A. The city manager, or designee, is authorized to establish regulations and to take any and all actions reasonable and necessary to obtain compliance with this chapter, including, but not limited to, inspecting the premises of any business to verify compliance.
B. Any person, business, or tobacco retailer violating this chapter shall be guilty of an infraction, which shall be punishable by a fine in accordance with Coronado Municipal Code Chapters 1.08 and 1.10, or a misdemeanor, which shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding $1,000, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period not exceeding six months or by both such fine and imprisonment. In addition to criminal fines, any person, business or tobacco retailer violating this chapter shall also be subject to civil penalties or administrative fines or both under Coronado Municipal Code Chapters
1.08 and 1.10.
C. The city attorney may seek legal, injunctive, or other equitable relief to enforce this chapter.
D. Administrative enforcement of this chapter shall proceed pursuant to Coronado Municipal Code Chapter 1.10.
E. Each violation of this chapter shall be considered a separate offense.
F. The remedies and penalties provided in this section are cumulative and not exclusive, and nothing in this chapter shall preclude any person from pursuing any other remedies provided by law.
G. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, this chapter may be enforced through any remedy as provided for in this section upon its effective date.
40.74.50 No Conflict with Federal or State Law.
Nothing in this chapter shall be interpreted or applied so as to create any requirement, power, or duty that is preempted by federal or state law.
40.74.060 Severability
If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this chapter, or any application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions or application of the chapter. The City Council declares that it would have adopted each section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or Item 8.f
Attachment 1
more other sections, subsections, subdivisions, paragraphs, sentences, clauses or phrases hereof be declared invalid or unenforceable.
SECTION FOUR:
This ordinance was introduced on May 5, 2026.
SECTION FIVE:
The City Clerk is directed to publish a summary of this Ordinance together with the votes cast no less than five days prior to the consideration of its adoption and again within fifteen (15) days following adoption. This Ordinance shall be effective thirty (30) days after its adoption.
SECTION SIX:
The City Council of the City of Coronado hereby declares that should any section, paragraph, sentence, phrase, term or work of this Ordinance, hereby adopted, be declared for any reason to be invalid, it is the intent of the City Council that it would have adopted all other portions of this Ordinance irrespective of any such portion declared invalid.
SECTION SEVEN:
This Ordinance shall supersede any and all provisions of any previous resolution and/or ordinance approved by the City Council that may conflict with, or be contrary to, this Ordinance.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado at a regular meeting thereof this May 19, 2026, by the following vote to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST:
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
Item 8.f
Attachment 1
*****
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO : ss.
CITY OF CORONADO )
I, KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the City of Coronado, hereby certify that the foregoing ORDINANCE NO. 2026-03 passed at the regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Coronado held on the 19th day of May 2026 after having been read at the regular meeting of said City Council held on the 5th day of May 2026.
_________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
ORDINANCE NO. 2026-03
Item 8.f
Kratom
WHAT IS KRATOM?
Kratom is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia. Consumption of its leaves produces both stimulant effects (in low doses) and sedative effects (in high doses), and can lead to psychotic symptoms, and psychological and physiological dependence. Kratom leaves contain two major psychoactive ingredients (mitragynine and 7-hydroxymytragynine). These leaves are crushed and then smoked, brewed with tea, or placed into gel capsules. Kratom has a long history of use in Southeast Asia, where it is commonly known as thang, kakuam, thom, ketum, and biak. In the U.S., the abuse of kratom has increased markedly in recent years.
How is it abused?
Mostly abused by oral ingestion in the form of a tablet, capsule, or extract. Kratom leaves may also be dried or powdered and ingested as a tea, or the kratom leaf may be chewed.
What are the effects?
At low doses, kratom produces stimulant effects with users reporting increased alertness, physical energy, and talkativeness. At high doses, users experience sedative effects. Kratom consumption can lead to addiction.
Several cases of psychosis resulting from use of kratom have been reported, where individuals addicted to kratom exhibited psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusion, and confusion.
What does it do to the body?
Kratom’s effects on the body include nausea, itching, sweating, dry mouth, constipation, increased urination, tachycardia, vomiting, drowsiness, and loss of appetite. Users of kratom have also experienced anorexia, weight loss, insomnia, hepatotoxicity, seizure, and hallucinations.
What is its legal status?
Kratom is not controlled under the Controlled Substances Act; however, there may be some state regulations or prohibitions against the possession and use of kratom. The FDA has not approved Kratom for any medical use. In addition, DEA has listed kratom as a Drug and Chemical of Concern.
Leaf of kratom tree
Kratom capsules
Kratom tree
Attachment 2
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 resources to help you set up a compliance program in Coronado. Just me know if you are interested in this additional information.
I am attaching two ordinances from CA cities who chose to regulate. It would be easy to amend your ordinance to mirror these ordinances.
Please refer to my prior email for even more information.
Thank you for your time and for your commitment to thoughtful public health decision-making. I am happy to visit with you at any time.
Lora Romney
From:
Sent: Friday, March 13, 2026 11:27 AM
To: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Subject: Kratom Information & Ordinance Assistance
Dear Mayor Duncan & Coronado City Council –
I am writing because I noticed your city council recently discussed kratom and may be drafting an ordinance. I hope the information in this email will be helpful as you consider this issue. There is often significant confusion between natural kratom leaf and synthetic 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)—they are not the same. The public and media frequently conflate the two, but this distinction is critical. Natural kratom has a long history of use and hundreds of scientific studies supporting its safety profile. In contrast, 7-OH is a chemically concentrated derivative with no established safety record and a higher risk of dependency. Confusing these products can lead to regulations that unintentionally harm responsible natural kratom consumers.
By way of introduction, my name is Lora Romney. I am a nine-year consumer who uses natural to manage ). has been a critical part of my
health journey. I am also a kratom advocate, educator, and the president of the International Plant & Herbal Alliance (www.plantsherbals.org). Below, I have outlined the no-cost educational resources we can provide to your council so that you can make an informed decision about regulation. Many jurisdictions have found our information extremely helpful, as this is a subject that is often misunderstood.
I respect your commitment to public health and safety and encourage the council to carefully consider the complexity of this issue. A local ban on natural kratom could have serious unintended consequences for individuals like me who rely on it to manage chronic pain, reduce anxiety, and avoid more dangerous alternatives such as opioids or illicit substances. Thoughtful regulation—not prohibition—is the most effective way to protect public health.
Unfortunately, many policymakers are given limited or inaccurate information about the difference between natural kratom and semi-synthetic derivatives like 7-OH. These products are not the same. 7- OH is chemically derived from a trace alkaloid in the kratom plant and is significantly more potent— 8f. Public Comment
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3 research shows it has about 14 times greater μ-opioid receptor affinity than morphine and can produce opioid-like respiratory depression. Unlike natural kratom, these synthetic products entered the market with no safety record or supporting research.
On July 29, 2025, the FDA held an emergency press conference warning of the public health threat posed by 7-OH products and announced they were working with the DEA to begin scheduling these synthetic compounds. Commissioner Marty Makary made clear that the FDA is not targeting natural kratom. He stated:
“We are not targeting the kratom leaf or ground kratom. We are targeting the concentrated synthetic byproduct that is an opioid.”
Short Video Segment Quoting FDA Commissioner Makary regarding 7-OH and Kratom: 8-6-25 Makary.mp4 - Google Drive
Since the FDA press conference, the 8-Factor Analysis has been completed on 7-OH. The findings are that 7-OH products should be schedule one. We are awaiting action from the DEA. Since 7-OH did not pass the 8-Factor Analysis, we expect an emergency scheduling for these products. In the meantime, it would be in your city’s best interest to pass a local ordinance that bans 7-OH products and regulates natural kratom. Many cities in California have followed this model including: Orange County, Huntington Beach, Fresno City & County, Riverside and Laguna Niguel. Other CA cities are considering this same ordinance as well. Many are using a variation of the Riverside ordinance. I will attach that for your reference.
This consumer protection legislation referred to above sets the following regulations:
1. Age restriction (typically 21+)
2. Strict GMP regulations for safe packaging and distribution. This includes packaging that is not appealing to children or teens.
3. Appropriate FDA required labeling based on requirements for dietary supplements: ingredients, serving size, warnings, etc.
4. Language that restricts the amount of 7-hydroxymitragynine (or other synthetic kratom derivatives) allowed in the product. Products should contain no more than the natural levels of 7- OH (less than 2% or 1 mg/serving). This language essentially bans 7-OH due to the limits of 7- hydroxymitragynine.
We support the American Kratom Association (AKA), which advocates for this type of ordinance since it protects public health without punishing responsible consumers.
Additional Resources Attached:
1. A PowerPoint PDF on kratom’s science and common myths. (a similar PowerPoint would be presented at the educational training)
2. A Legislator’s Guide to Natural Leaf Kratom (mitragynine) Versus 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH)
3. My personal kratom testimony.
4. Example of a Kratom Consumer Protection Ordinance.
5. Riverside Ordinance.
We hope you will consider advocating for smart regulation rather than a complete ban. Education, good regulation, and not prohibition, is the most effective way to protect the public.
My team is happy to provide your city council with an educational presentation that will help you all learn more about kratom and the synthetic products. The education is approximately 30 minutes. It works great to include this as an agenda item at a city council meeting or via zoom at a time that is convenient.
Thank you for your time and consideration. Please reach out to me with questions so that you will be prepared to pass good regulation in your county. I am happy to jump on a call with you at any time. I have helped many communities structure good ordinances. Since I have personal experience as a consumer and as a kratom educator, I can truly be of assistance to your council. 8f. Public Comment
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4 Thank you! I look forward to hearing from you.
Lora Romney
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Kratom
Evidence, Definitions,
and Consumer Safety
An Educational Briefing for Policy Makers
International Plant and Herbal Alliance
Educational Briefing for Policy Makers
May 2026
This briefing presents peer-reviewed scientific evidence on kratom for the purpose of informing evidencebased policy. Kratom has been marketed as a dietary supplement and is subject to the New Dietary Ingredient notification process under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), a framework that applies to botanical products and does not require pre-market approval. This briefing acknowledges both the documented risks and the documented benefits, and presents the full body of evidence for consideration in decisions that affect millions of people. 8f. Public Comment
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Key Scientific Findings for Policy Makers
WHAT SCIENCE SHOWS: LEGITIMATE CONCERNS
1. Concentrated 7-OH and other synthetically produced compounds are NOT kratom — but they are being sold as kratom.
This is the most important distinction in any kratom policy discussion. Natural kratom leaf contains 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) at trace levels averaging 0.01% of total alkaloids.
Manufacturers have learned to chemically isolate and concentrate 7-OH to levels up to 98%, and to produce entirely synthetic analogues such as mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, MGM-15, and MGM-16, creating products that are chemically and functionally closer to synthetic opioids than to the natural plant. These synthetic and concentrated products are being marketed and sold under the kratom name, creating serious confusion for consumers, clinicians, and policy makers alike. The FDA has moved to restrict these products. Kratom Consumer Protection Act (KCPA) legislation prohibits them. Any policy response to kratomrelated harms must distinguish clearly between natural leaf and these chemically engineered products; they are not the same substance and should not be regulated as if they are.
2. Physical dependence can occur with regular use — more like coffee than opioids for natural-leaf products. Addiction risk is higher with concentrated and synthetic products.
Regular use of natural-leaf kratom products can produce physical dependence and mild-tomoderate withdrawal symptoms. This is documented and should not be minimized. Peerreviewed research characterizes this profile as resembling caffeine dependence more than opioid dependence in risk and severity. However, the evidence is clear that addiction risk and withdrawal severity are substantially higher with concentrated 7-OH and synthetic analogue products. A 2025 peer-reviewed study found that commercial extracts with enriched or semi-synthetic 7-OH result in substantially greater mu-opioid receptor potency, higher dependence risk, and more severe withdrawal than natural-leaf products. Addiction concerns most strongly supported by the evidence are concentrated in the synthetic and concentrated products that KCPA legislation specifically prohibits. For natural-leaf products, gradual tapering is effective and self-manageable for most users.
3. Interactions with medications require clinical awareness and open disclosure.
Like many botanical supplements including St. John's Wort and ginkgo biloba, kratom interacts with medications through the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzyme pathways, which are shared by approximately 50% of all clinically used medications. Consumers should disclose kratom use to their pharmacist and healthcare provider. Stigma that prevents disclosure creates direct patient safety risk.
WHAT SCIENCE SHOWS: EVIDENCE THAT SHOULD INFORM REGULATION
4. Natural-leaf kratom products do not cause opioid-type respiratory depression.
Respiratory depression is the mechanism behind virtually every opioid overdose death. An FDA-funded clinical study concluded natural-leaf kratom products are well tolerated at all dose levels tested. No fatal kratom-induced respiratory depression has been reported in the scientific literature across an estimated 15 million users.
5. Deaths attributed to kratom overwhelmingly involve multiple other substances. 8f. Public Comment
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A 2025 systematic review found confounding substances in 32 of 35 deceased cases where kratom was present, despite sole attribution to kratom. The authors noted a pattern of weak or inadequate toxicology testing across case reports, meaning the 3 remaining cases without identified confounders may reflect incomplete testing rather than confirmed absence of other substances. Notably, despite active research efforts, scientists have been unable to establish a lethal dose for natural-leaf kratom products in humans or animals through oral administration, a significant finding in its own right.
6. Survey research indicates that among kratom consumers, the most commonly reported uses include pain management, mental health, and reducing opioid use.
A Johns Hopkins University convenience survey of 2,798 regular kratom consumers found that 91% reported using kratom for pain relief, 67% for anxiety, and 65% for depression. Of those using it to reduce opioid use, 74% achieved six months or more of abstinence and 36% sustained more than one year. As a convenience sample recruited through kratom communities, these findings describe engaged users rather than all kratom consumers, but the patterns are consistent across multiple independent surveys. These outcomes compare favorably to published benchmarks for FDA-approved opioid use disorder treatments.
7. Dependence is not the same as addiction.
Less than 3% of Johns Hopkins survey respondents met criteria for moderate or severe kratom use disorder. Average self-reported distress score was 3.2 out of 100. Many widely used medications produce physical dependence without meeting the clinical threshold for addiction.
8. Regulation works. Prohibition does not.
More than 17 states have enacted KCPA legislation establishing age restrictions, labeling requirements, testing standards, and prohibition of synthetic products. Rhode Island became the first state to overturn a kratom ban in 2025, replacing prohibition with the strictest regulatory framework in the country. Prohibition moves markets underground, removes safety standards, and eliminates age verification.
The full scientific briefing with peer-reviewed sources follows. All claims are supported by published literature and verified legislative records. References and copies of cited studies are available on request. 8f. Public Comment
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IPHA EDUCATIONAL BRIEFING
Kratom: Evidence, Definitions, and Consumer Safety
Prepared by International Plant and Herbal Alliance | May 2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary — Key scientific findings for policy makers 2 Section 1 — What Is Kratom: A Scientific Definition 4
Section 2 — Who Uses Kratom and Why: Consumer Voices 5
Section 3 — The Case for Regulation 7
Section 4 — Safety Science and Forensic Evidence 9
Section 5 — Regulatory Consistency and Policy Considerations 15 Closing 17
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SECTION 1: What Is Kratom: A Scientific Definition
Botanical Identity
Kratom has been marketed as a dietary supplement and is subject to the New Dietary Ingredient notification process under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), a framework that applies to botanical products and does not require pre-market approval.
Kratom refers specifically to preparations derived from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa Korth., a tropical tree in the Rubiaceae (coffee) family native to Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The tree has been used in traditional medicine for centuries in its region of origin, primarily as a mild stimulant and remedy for fatigue, pain, and fever.
Kratom leaf products include the natural dried leaf, leaf powder, capsules containing leaf powder, and leaf-based teas and extracts. Each of these represents a preparation of the botanical plant material and falls within the definition of kratom that KCPA legislation is designed to regulate and protect.
Active Compounds
The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa contain more than 40 naturally occurring alkaloids. The two primary active compounds are:
• Mitragynine, the most abundant alkaloid,, comprising approximately 66% of total alkaloid content in natural leaf material. It interacts with opioid receptors but with notably different properties than classical opioids.
• 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH), present in natural leaf at trace levels, typically less than
0.02% of total alkaloids. It has greater potency at opioid receptors than mitragynine.
Safety concerns are concentrated around commercial products with artificially elevated 7-OH concentrations far above what occurs in natural leaf. Most enacted KCPAs set a regulatory ceiling of 2% of total alkaloids, while some states have adopted stricter limits; Nebraska sets 1%, and Rhode Island's 2026 law uses a per-weight cap of 0.5 mg per gram, the strictest in the country.
Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents. PMC8878704. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022.
What Kratom Is NOT: A Critical Distinction
Not all products sold under the name 'kratom' are natural-leaf kratom products. This distinction is central to any regulatory conversation. Products that have been chemically processed to isolate, concentrate, or synthesize specific alkaloids, particularly 7-OH, represent a categorically different risk profile from whole-plant natural leaf products.
Enacted Kratom Consumer Protection Acts specifically prohibit the sale of synthetic and concentrated products while protecting access to natural leaf preparations. The evidence from decades of traditional Southeast Asian use consistently shows that the pattern of harms reported in the United States is concentrated in adulterated, synthetic, or concentrated products rather than natural leaf preparations.
McCurdy CR et al. An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2024. DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2305798. 8f. Public Comment
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SECTION 2: Who Uses Kratom and Why — Consumer Voices
Any complete policy discussion must include the perspectives of the millions of adults who use kratom responsibly and who report meaningful benefits to their quality of life. These are not fringe voices. They represent a substantial, well-documented population whose access to a legal, regulated product is directly affected by the outcome of this discussion. They deserve respect, and their choices deserve consideration.
Researchers at the National Institute on Drug Abuse have documented that kratom "is taken to self-treat pain and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, including substance-use disorders and opioid withdrawal" — characterizing consumerreported use patterns, not endorsing kratom as a treatment. PMC9527987, 2022.
What the Survey Research Shows
Two peer-reviewed surveys of thousands of kratom consumers, both published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, provide the most comprehensive picture of why people use kratom. Both were convenience samples recruited through kratom-related communities and therefore describe engaged users rather than all kratom consumers; however, their findings are consistent with each other and with other independent surveys, lending them credibility as indicators of use patterns:
• 91% of respondents endorsed pain relief as a reason for kratom use, with high effectiveness ratings averaging 83 out of 100
• 67% endorsed anxiety relief and 65% endorsed depression relief as reasons for use • 41% used kratom to stop or reduce prescription or illicit opioid use; of those, 74% achieved six months or more of opioid abstinence attributed to kratom use, and 36% reported more than one year of continuous abstinence
• Pain relief was cited as the single primary reason by 48% of respondents in a separate survey, making it the most commonly identified primary motivation These outcomes invite an important question for policy makers. Published clinical research on buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone), one of the most widely used FDA-approved treatments for opioid use disorder, shows that approximately 25% of patients remain in treatment at one year, and opioid-free outcomes fall to roughly 8.6% in the weeks following discontinuation.
Abstinence-based treatment programs have historically reported success rates below 20%. The kratom survey data, drawn from a self-selected population using an unregulated, unapproved botanical, showed 74% achieving six months or more of opioid abstinence and 36% sustaining more than one year.
These are not equivalent comparisons. The kratom data is self-reported, the populations differ, and study designs are not matched. However, the magnitude of the difference is large enough that it deserves serious scientific attention rather than dismissal. Policy decisions that remove access to natural-leaf kratom products for people currently using them to manage opioid withdrawal and maintain sobriety should be grounded in a full accounting of what the evidence shows, including what it shows about outcomes. Kratom is not an FDA-approved treatment and should not be characterized as one. But the data raises legitimate questions about whether prohibition serves the public health interest of the communities most affected by the opioid crisis.
Garcia-Romeu et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020. PMC7423016. Taylan & Sonmez, 12-Month Outcome Data for Buprenorphine-Naloxone Maintenance Treatment. European Psychiatry, 2024.
PMC11862473. Psychiatric Services meta-analysis, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300256. 8f. Public Comment
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Garcia-Romeu et al. Kratom user demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020. PMC7423016. Coe et al. Kratom as a substitute for opioids:
Results from an online survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019. ScienceDirect.
Instrumental, Goal-Directed Use
A 2024 study using ecological momentary assessment, a rigorous research method that captures real-time data from participants in their daily lives, found that most kratom consumers used it daily to relieve pain, improve mood, or increase productivity, and some used it as an opioid substitute. Most participants reported improvements in daily living and productivity.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Self-Reported Kratom Use. PMC10818224, JAMA Network Open, 2024.
Clinical Recognition: What Home Health Nurses Are Seeing Kratom use is now common enough among home health patients that clinical nursing guidance has become necessary. A 2025 peer-reviewed article published in Home Healthcare Now, the official journal of the Home Care Association of America, addressed this directly, providing home health nurses with evidence-based guidance on assessing kratom use, understanding its risk profile, and communicating with patients in a nonjudgmental, patient-centered manner. The existence of such clinical guidance reflects the reality that kratom users are present across all care settings, including among elderly, chronically ill, and post-surgical patients receiving home care services.
Sykora H. Home Care and the Patient Taking Kratom. Home Healthcare Now. 2025;43(2):122-124. DOI:
10.1097/NHH.0000000000001323.
Specific Populations Reporting Benefit
The peer-reviewed literature identifies several populations for whom kratom access is particularly significant:
• Chronic pain patients: Many report using kratom to manage pain conditions for which opioid prescriptions are unavailable or undesirable, or for which conventional treatments have been insufficient.
• People in recovery from opioid use disorder: Kratom has been widely reported by consumers as helpful during opioid withdrawal and in reducing opioid use. Research has noted that its use in this context mirrors traditional use in Southeast Asia for opioid substitution, and that its risk profile differs meaningfully from full opioid agonists. • People managing PTSD, anxiety, and mood disorders: Survey data consistently identifies this as one of the largest use categories, representing adults who are self-managing symptoms that significantly affect quality of life.
• People seeking to reduce or eliminate use of more dangerous substances: Multiple studies identify kratom as a harm-reduction tool used in place of opioids, alcohol, and other substances.
Smith KE et al. Kratom use is a regional and demographic phenomenon: evidence from NSDUH 2019 and an online convenience sample. PMC8721145, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2022.
The Cost of Prohibition to These Consumers
When jurisdictions ban or restrict access to natural-leaf kratom products without a regulatory alternative, these consumers do not stop seeking relief. They return to the substances kratom was helping them avoid, seek products in unregulated gray markets where quality and safety 8f. Public Comment
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cannot be verified, or go without treatment for conditions that significantly affect their daily lives.
Rhode Island's own legislature recognized this explicitly. "Kratom is used by many to manage pain and to ease opioid withdrawal symptoms...
This legislation replaces prohibition with sensible regulations." — Rhode Island Senate President Pro Tempore Hanna M. Gallo, July 2025.
Millions of Americans use natural-leaf kratom products daily and function as stable, productive members of their families and communities. They hold jobs, raise children, manage chronic pain, and stay out of emergency rooms. They are not in treatment statistics because they do not need treatment. They are not in overdose statistics because they are not overdosing. Their stability is the outcome of having access to a product that works for them, and that stability is invisible to policy — until access is removed and it collapses.
The downstream consequences of prohibition for this population, including potential return to illicit opioid use, opioid overdose, psychiatric crisis, and family destabilization, are real harms that would not appear in kratom statistics. They would appear in other data streams, unattributed to the regulatory change that preceded them. A harm-benefit analysis that accounts for consequences across all affected populations produces a more complete evidence base for any regulatory decision involving natural-leaf kratom products.
A further consistency question deserves mention in any policy discussion: the Department of Defense issued a prohibition on kratom use by all service members effective December 2025, citing combat readiness. Yet alcohol, a central nervous system depressant with a welldocumented fatal withdrawal syndrome, significant effects on reaction time and judgment, and documented links to military sexual assault, domestic violence, and veteran suicide, is not banned in the military. It is managed. A risk-based analysis that applies a consistent evidentiary standard across substances would help clarify whether categorical prohibition or a manageduse framework is the more proportionate response for natural-leaf kratom products.
Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. Adoption of Punitive General Orders or Regulations to Address Use of Kratom Products. Memorandum, September 15, 2025, effective December 31, 2025. https://www.opss.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/2025/09/15/ SECTION 3: The Case for Regulation
The Federal Scientific and Regulatory Record
The federal regulatory record on natural-leaf kratom products is often mischaracterized in policy discussions. The actual record strongly supports regulation over prohibition.
In 2016, the DEA announced its intent to temporarily place mitragynine and 7-OH into Schedule I. Following an unprecedented response from scientists, medical professionals, and the public, the DEA withdrew its notice of intent. The Department of Health and Human Services subsequently conducted a formal evaluation and withdrew its scheduling recommendation to the DEA. Then-HHS Assistant Secretary Dr. Brett Giroir characterized the FDA's supporting evidence as insufficiently strong to meet the evidentiary bar required for scheduling.
Drug Enforcement Administration. Withdrawal of notice of intent to temporarily place mitragynine and 7- OH into Schedule I. Federal Register, October 13, 2016.
The Controlled Substances Act requires an 8-factor analysis before any substance may be scheduled. This analysis was conducted by the FDA in both 2018 and 2021. In both instances, natural-leaf kratom products and the primary alkaloid mitragynine did not meet the criteria for 8f. Public Comment
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scheduling. Mitragynine was not found to have a high potential for abuse relative to currently scheduled substances, and the pharmacological evidence did not demonstrate natural-leaf kratom to be equivalent to classical opioids in abuse potential or harm.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Eight-factor analyses of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine under 21 U.S.C. § 811(b), 2018 and 2021. Department of Health and Human Services.
At the international level, the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD) reviewed kratom in 2021 and, in an 11-1 decision, concluded there was insufficient evidence to recommend a critical review for scheduling. The committee recommended that kratom remain under surveillance rather than subject to international control.
World Health Organization Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Summary of assessments, 44th ECDD, 2021. Geneva: WHO.
The National Institutes of Health has invested more than $100 million in kratom research. NIDA Director Dr. Nora Volkow has stated that kratom could hold value in addressing addiction. This level of federal scientific investment from the nation's foremost drug abuse research institution reflects the legitimate therapeutic potential of natural-leaf kratom products and is incompatible with a Schedule I designation, which requires a finding of no accepted medical value.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Kratom. National Institutes of Health. Volkow ND, quoted in Carroll J.
Statement on HB 1101, North Dakota Legislative Assembly, 2025.
As of 2025, more than 17 states have enacted KCPA legislation including Utah, Georgia, Arizona, Nevada, Florida, Colorado, Oregon, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, Texas, and South Carolina. These laws establish:
• Age restrictions (typically 21+) at point of sale
• Mandatory labeling of alkaloid content per serving on all kratom leaf products • Prohibition of adulterated, synthetic, and concentrated products • Batch testing and Certificate of Analysis requirements • Manufacturer registration and accountability
Navigating Kratom Legislation: Essential 2025 State-by-State Guide. Pharmakeia, December 2025. [Policy tracking resource; individual state KCPA statutes available at respective state legislature websites.]
Rhode Island: The First State to Overturn a Kratom Ban
Rhode Island designated kratom a Schedule I controlled substance in 2017. In July 2025, Governor Dan McKee signed the Rhode Island Kratom Act into law, making Rhode Island the first state in the country to overturn a kratom ban, replacing eight years of prohibition with comprehensive regulation. The law took effect April 1, 2026.
Rhode Island's new law is notable for establishing the strictest alkaloid limits of any state, setting a 7-OH limit of 0.5 mg per gram, requiring behind-the-counter placement, restricting sales to adults 21 and older, and prohibiting concentrated 7-OH products entirely. Lawmakers cited the failure of prohibition to prevent illegal sales, and the importance of access for people managing pain and opioid withdrawal.
State Bills to Regulate Kratom Advance. Filter Magazine, April 2026. Rhode Island Kratom Act, signed July 2025.
Regulation vs. Prohibition
The evidence supports regulation over prohibition on consumer safety grounds. Prohibition moves markets underground, removes product quality and safety standards, and eliminates age 8f. Public Comment
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verification at point of sale. KCPA legislation fills the gap created by the absence of federal FDA standards, requiring manufacturers to safely produce, label, and distribute compliant kratom leaf products. States that have enacted KCPAs have established consumer protections that limit risks from adulterated, mislabeled, and contaminated products.
A 2024 peer-reviewed clinical pharmacology review by University of Florida researchers led by Dr. Christopher R. McCurdy makes an important distinction that is directly relevant to any regulatory discussion: under traditional conditions of use, exposure to 7-hydroxymitragynine is minimal, as it occurs only at trace levels in natural leaf material. It is chemically enriched and semi-synthetic 7-OH products, often marketed as kratom, that are chemically distinct from natural-leaf botanical preparations and carry a different risk profile entirely.
McCurdy CR, Sharma A, Smith KE, et al. An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2024. DOI:
10.1080/17512433.2024.2305798.
SECTION 4: Safety Science and Forensic Evidence
Risk Profile of Natural Leaf Products
Peer-reviewed literature consistently distinguishes between the risk profile of natural-leaf kratom products and that of concentrated or adulterated products. Research has shown that centuries of traditional use in Southeast Asia occurred without the pattern of harms reported in the United States market, where unregulated and adulterated products are prevalent.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): worldwide issues. PubMed 32452943.
Medication Safety Considerations
Interactions between botanical supplements and medications are a well-recognized safety consideration across the herbal supplement category, and kratom is no exception. Many widely used botanicals including St. John's Wort, ginkgo biloba, valerian root, and echinacea are known to interact with medications through the same enzymatic pathways. For kratom specifically, the underlying science is well understood. Mitragynine is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, and it also inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity. This matters because CYP3A4 alone is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically used medications, including antibiotics, statins, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antihypertensives. CYP2D6 metabolizes a similarly broad range of medications.
When kratom inhibits these enzymes, it can increase the blood levels of co-administered medications beyond their intended therapeutic range, an interaction that is clinically significant and not unique to kratom. Many common substances including grapefruit juice, St. John's Wort, and numerous prescription medications interact with CYP3A4 in the same way. The practical implication for home health nurses, pharmacists, and prescribers is that patients using kratom should be assessed for potential interactions with their medication regimen, particularly opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and cardiovascular medications.
Managing this risk depends entirely on open communication between patients and their healthcare providers and pharmacists. That communication is only possible when consumers feel safe disclosing kratom use without fear of judgment, stigma, or punitive response. Policies and public discourse that criminalize or stigmatize kratom use create a direct clinical harm:
patients who are ashamed to disclose use cannot be screened for interactions, counseled on 8f. Public Comment
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safe combinations, or monitored appropriately. De-stigmatization of kratom use is not a social nicety; it is a patient safety imperative.
This risk profile further underscores the importance of KCPA-required warning labels, healthcare consultation notices on all kratom leaf products, and accessible product information.
It is an argument for regulation and clinical awareness, not prohibition.
Sharma A. Evaluating drug interactions in kratom usage. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 2025. DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2025.2521045.
Exploration of cytochrome P450 inhibition mediated medication interaction potential of kratom alkaloids.
PMC7902086. Clinical Assessment of the Medication Interaction Potential of Kratom. PMC10198846.
Sykora H. Home Care and the Patient Taking Kratom. Home Healthcare Now. 2025;43(2):122-124. DOI:
10.1097/NHH.0000000000001323.
Product Identity Is Rarely Verified in Clinical and Forensic Settings One of the most significant and underappreciated problems in kratom-related adverse event reporting is that the product involved is almost never verified to be natural-leaf kratom. This is not a criticism of clinicians, who are appropriately focused on stabilizing their patient. It is a documentation gap with serious implications for how policy makers should interpret adverse event data.
In emergency settings, clinicians must act quickly on the information available at presentation.
The actual product packaging is rarely reviewed and chemical verification of contents is almost never performed before clinical documentation occurs. Chart entries reflecting kratom use are therefore typically based on verbal self-report at intake, not on verified product identity. A patient or bystander may report kratom use because that is what the product label says, because that is what they believe they consumed, or because they are uncertain what they consumed. The clinician documents accordingly, and that chart entry then flows into poison control reports, Medical Examiner records, CDC surveillance data, and ultimately media coverage.
Standard emergency toxicology panels do not distinguish natural-leaf kratom products from concentrated 7-OH products, synthetic analogues, or adulterated products containing fentanyl, benzodiazepines, or methamphetamine. Mitragynine presence in a toxicology screen has been used as a surrogate marker for kratom across the surveillance literature, without identifying what type of product was actually consumed. A product labeled kratom could contain concentrated 7- OH at levels up to 98%, synthetic analogues such as mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, MGM-15, or MGM-16, or dangerous adulterants. The treating clinician typically has no way to know, and no time to investigate.
Holstege et al. Increases in Kratom-Related Reports to Poison Centers, MMWR, CDC, March 2026. DOI:
10.15585/mmwr.mm7511a1.
The CDC's own 2026 MMWR surveillance report acknowledged this gap directly, noting that in cases involving multiple substances, determining which substance was most related to clinical effects or death was not possible, and explicitly calling for surveillance systems to distinguish product types as FDA moves to regulate 7-OH separately from whole-leaf kratom products.
Peer-reviewed forensic scientists have now called for updated autopsy and clinical protocols to make this distinction. A 2025 peer-reviewed paper called specifically for targeted toxicology in clinical and postmortem casework that includes mitragynine, 7-OH, and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl together, to distinguish botanical kratom exposure from concentrated or semisynthetic 7-OH products. The authors noted that implementing these analytic updates will reduce misclassification and better resolve the contribution of 7-OH to morbidity and mortality in contemporary case series.
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From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.
PMC12671409, 2025.
Until these verification standards are adopted, the body of evidence attributing harms to kratom must be interpreted with caution. An unknown but potentially substantial proportion of adverse events and deaths attributed to kratom in clinical records, poison control databases, and media reports may reflect harms from concentrated 7-OH products, synthetic analogues, or adulterated products that KCPA legislation is specifically designed to remove from the market.
Sound policy benefits from full toxicological documentation before kratom death attributions are used as a basis for regulatory or legislative action. To date, no case has been documented in the peer-reviewed literature in which mitragynine alone was responsible for a fatality meeting all three criteria required for a scientifically sound attribution: measured mitragynine blood concentrations, complete toxicology testing with no confounding substances detected, and a complete medical history ruling out preexisting conditions.
Smallets S, Heywood J, Paustenbach D. The acute adverse health effects of kratom: An evaluation of case reports. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1620601.
A relevant question in every case cited as a kratom harm is whether the product was actually verified to be a natural-leaf kratom product. And where coroners or medical examiners attribute deaths to kratom, the underlying toxicology and autopsy data should be available for review under applicable public records laws. Transparency in death reporting supports informed policymaking. Some coroners have declined to release even de-identified toxicology records in response to public records requests — a practice that prevents independent scientific review of claimed kratom attributions.
Decision makers may hear testimony attributing deaths to kratom. The peer-reviewed forensic literature provides important scientific context for evaluating such claims.
A 2024 study published in Frontiers in Psychiatry analyzed coroner reports across 773 subjects and examined toxicological findings in cases where kratom was detected. The findings are consistent with a broader body of forensic research showing that in the overwhelming majority of cases where kratom is present at autopsy, multiple other substances are also present.
Torrico et al. Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. DOI:
10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1332999.
The Role of Polypharmacy
A 2024 commentary in Frontiers in Psychiatry by researchers from the University of Florida, Johns Hopkins, Midwestern University, and Ohio State University addresses this directly. The authors note that kratom-involved fatalities must be evaluated in the context of polypharmacy, meaning the simultaneous presence of multiple substances, and that kratom-only fatalities, although rare, must be taken in the context of the specific commercial product used, previous medical and drug use history, and the limitations of testing.
Grundmann O, Smith KE, Prozialeck WC, Veltri CA, Boyer EW. Commentary: Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. PMC11153780. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411964.
No Established Lethal Dose: A Significant Scientific Finding A 2025 systematic review published in Frontiers in Pharmacology examined all available case reports with toxicologically confirmed mitragynine presence, covering 95 patients including 35 deceased. The findings are significant: confounding substances that could have caused or contributed to adverse effects were present in 32 of the 35 deceased cases, despite many adverse effects being attributed solely to kratom. Importantly, the authors noted a pattern of 8f. Public Comment
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weak or inadequate toxicology testing and medical history across the case reports, meaning the 3 remaining cases without identified confounders may reflect incomplete testing rather than confirmed absence of other substances. The authors concluded that the literature provides insufficient evidence to support the claim that kratom consumption alone increases the risk of severe acute adverse health effects.
Smallets et al. The acute adverse health effects of kratom: an evaluation of case reports. Frontiers in Pharmacology, August 2025. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1620601.
A critical scientific finding further distinguishes natural-leaf kratom products from virtually every other botanically active substance: despite active research efforts, scientists have been unable to establish a lethal dose. This is not a gap waiting to be filled; it is a finding in its own right. The FDA's own single ascending dose study, conducted with McCurdy as a lead scientist and involving 40 participants administered up to 12 grams of plain leaf kratom, concluded that kratom appears to be well tolerated at all dose levels tested. None of the participants reached the study's stopping criteria for adverse events. Animal studies using oral administration have similarly been unable to establish a lethal dose consistent with amounts achievable through normal human consumption of natural leaf. This may reflect a fundamental property of naturalleaf kratom that makes fatal toxicity from natural-leaf kratom products through oral ingestion exceptionally difficult to achieve. That finding, combined with the absence of respiratory depression, has profound implications for how policy makers should weigh the risk profile of natural-leaf kratom products against the substances it is helping people avoid.
Reissig CJ, Setnik B, Milovan D, McCurdy CR, Sharma A, et al. A Pilot, Dose-Finding, Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Study of Orally Administered Botanical Kratom. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2026. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000002158.
Grundmann O, Smith KE, Prozialeck WC, Veltri CA, Boyer EW. Commentary. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. PMC11153780. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411964.
A Critical Safety Distinction: Mitragynine Does Not Cause Opioid-Type Respiratory Depression
In the context of an opioid crisis where tens of thousands of Americans die every year from a single cause: respiratory depression, meaning the safety profile of natural-leaf kratom products is directly relevant to any policy decision about its legal status. Opioid overdose deaths occur because classical opioids suppress the brain's drive to breathe. This is the mechanism behind virtually every opioid fatality from fentanyl, oxycodone, heroin, and morphine.
Mitragynine works differently at a molecular level. Classical opioids activate both G-protein signaling pathways and the beta-arrestin-2 pathway. It is the beta-arrestin-2 pathway that is responsible for respiratory depression, constipation, and reinforcing addiction behaviors.
Mitragynine is a G-protein-biased partial agonist of the mu-opioid receptor, meaning it activates the analgesic pathway without recruiting beta-arrestin-2.
A peer-reviewed study published in Psychopharmacology used the same research design that FDA scientists use to evaluate respiratory effects of opioids and directly compared oral mitragynine to oral oxycodone in a rodent model. The finding was unambiguous: mitragynine produced no evidence of respiratory depression at doses many times higher than those known to be taken by humans.
Respiratory effects of oral mitragynine and oxycodone in a rodent model. Psychopharmacology, 2022.
PMC9671979.
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depression has been reported in the scientific literature. This is a meaningful data point given the estimated 15 million adult users in the United States.
The respiratory depressant effects of mitragynine are limited by its conversion to 7-OH mitragynine.
PMC9314834, British Journal of Pharmacology, 2022.
Critically, this is not only preclinical data. A direct-observation study conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a federal government research program, monitored human participants self-administering whole-leaf kratom products across a range of servings from 1.1 to 10.9 grams. Respiratory depression was not detected. All vital signs remained within normal parameters and no adverse events occurred.
Smith et al., NIDA Intramural Research Program, 2023. Cited in: Kratom safety and toxicology in the public health context. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2024. PMC11180979.
The absence of opioid-type respiratory depression in natural-leaf kratom products is not a minor scientific detail. It is the single most important mechanistic distinction between kratom and the substances killing Americans at crisis levels. No fatal kratom-induced respiratory depression has been reported in the scientific literature across an estimated 15 million users. This evidence warrants careful consideration:
prohibition of natural-leaf kratom products in the context of an ongoing opioid crisis is a public health decision that merits the same rigorous evidence standard applied to any intervention affecting this many lives.
A critical forensic principle that is frequently overlooked in policy discussions: kratom presence in a decedent's system does not establish kratom causation. The conflation of kratom presence with kratom causation is a scientific error that has materially distorted the policy debate and produced a body of adverse event data that cannot reliably be attributed to natural-leaf kratom products specifically.
The forensic literature highlights that highly concentrated commercial formulations carry a meaningfully different risk profile than natural leaf products. This distinction is central to the regulatory conversation: KCPA legislation is specifically designed to remove synthetic and concentrated products from the market while protecting access to natural leaf preparations.
Grundmann O et al. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. PMC11153780. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411964.
Dependence, Withdrawal, and Addiction: A Balanced Assessment A scientifically complete briefing must address the dependence and withdrawal profile of natural-leaf kratom products honestly. Physical dependence with regular use is real, welldocumented in the peer-reviewed literature, and should not be minimized. Regular users who discontinue use of natural-leaf kratom products may experience withdrawal symptoms including craving, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, and sleep difficulty. This is consistent across multiple studies and should be acknowledged by any policy discussion.
Critically, however, the peer-reviewed evidence indicates that dependence and addiction risk are not uniform across all products sold under the kratom name. The risk profile differs meaningfully depending on what the product actually contains.
A 2025 peer-reviewed paper published in PMC states explicitly that commercial extracts with enriched or semi-synthetic 7-OH result in substantially greater mu-opioid receptor potency, higher dependence risk, and more severe withdrawal presentations compared to natural-leaf kratom products. The same paper notes that this difference in alkaloid concentration helps explain the variability and severity of addiction and withdrawal cases described in Western clinical settings.
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7-Hydroxymitragynine and Nicotine Pouch Withdrawal Syndrome. PMC12758578, 2025.
The 2025 PMC forensic review further confirms this distinction: concentrated 7-OH preparations bypass first-pass metabolism, delivering high amounts of the mu-opioid receptor agonist directly in a way that brings respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal to the foreground in a manner that natural-leaf products do not. Traditional aqueous decoctions and natural leaf preparations contain little or no 7-OH at baseline, meaning opioid-type liabilities depend primarily on metabolic formation from mitragynine rather than direct 7-OH exposure.
From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.
PMC12671409, 2025.
Additionally, initial research findings indicate that mitragynine and 7-OH in natural ratios are not rewarding in laboratory procedures designed to test abuse potential, while concentrated 7-OH produces rapid-onset euphoria and classic opioid-type dependence and withdrawal. This distinction has direct policy relevance: addiction concerns most strongly supported by the evidence are concentrated in the synthetic and concentrated products that KCPA legislation specifically prohibits, not in natural-leaf kratom products.
From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.
PMC12671409, 2025.
Grundmann O et al. Not all kratom is equal: the important distinction between native leaf and extract products. Addiction, 2024.
However, the science draws a clear and important distinction between physical dependence and addiction, a distinction that is frequently blurred in public discourse and media coverage of kratom. Physical dependence refers to the body's physiological adaptation to a substance, which produces withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. It is not the same as addiction, which in clinical terms requires compulsive use despite significant harm and functional or psychosocial impairment.
Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder. PMC11344726, 2024.
The peer-reviewed literature consistently shows that kratom dependence, when it occurs, does not typically meet the full clinical threshold for addiction. A Johns Hopkins University survey of 2,798 kratom consumers found that less than 3% met DSM-5 criteria for moderate or severe kratom-related substance use disorder. When asked how troubled or bothered they were by their kratom use on a scale from 0 to 100, the mean response across the entire sample was 3.2 out of 100.
Garcia-Romeu et al. Kratom user demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020. PMC7423016.
A 2024 NIH-approved study of 395 regular kratom consumers found that withdrawal and kratom use disorder symptoms were primarily in the mild to moderate range, and were more closely associated with frequency of use than with dose amount. Critically, prolonged kratom use is not necessarily associated with impairments in psychosocial functioning, which is the hallmark of true addiction.
Kratom addiction per DSM-5 SUD criteria, and kratom physical dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2024. PMC11493341.
A useful comparison: many widely used medications including antidepressants, corticosteroids, and beta-blockers produce physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. No one would call a patient who experiences discontinuation symptoms from stopping their antidepressant an addict. The DSM-5 recognizes this distinction: tolerance and withdrawal alone are not sufficient for a substance use disorder diagnosis when those symptoms reflect 8f. Public Comment
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normal physiological adaptation rather than compulsive, harmful use. The same logic applies to kratom, where the overwhelming majority of users who experience dependence do not show the functional impairment, loss of control, or compulsive harmful patterns that define true addiction.
Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder. PMC11344726, 2024.
Where kratom withdrawal does require attention, it is manageable. Symptoms are generally mild, tolerable, and self-manageable for the majority of users. Gradual tapering of dose over time is widely reported as an effective approach that most users can manage on their own. For those requiring clinical support, options exist including supervised tapering and supportive care.
This risk profile is meaningfully different from opioid use disorder, where withdrawal can be medically dangerous and where the compulsive use pattern causes severe and often irreversible harm to health, relationships, and functioning.
Kratom withdrawal: Discussions and conclusions of a scientific expert forum. PMC10311168, Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports, 2023.
SECTION 5: Regulatory Consistency and Policy Considerations FDA Approval Is Not Required for Botanical Supplements
A frequent objection to natural-leaf kratom products is that they lack FDA approval. This argument misunderstands the regulatory landscape. FDA pre-market approval applies to pharmaceutical drugs — novel chemical entities submitted for evaluation as treatments for specific medical conditions. It has never applied to botanical dietary supplements sold under DSHEA.
Natural-leaf kratom products occupy the same regulatory category as ashwagandha, valerian root, St. John's Wort, elderberry, and hundreds of other botanical products that are legally sold, widely used, and not FDA-approved. None of these substances requires pre-market approval.
To selectively invoke the absence of FDA approval as a disqualifying characteristic for kratom alone, while ignoring the identical regulatory status of the entire botanical supplement market, is not a principled regulatory argument. It is an ad hoc standard applied only to kratom.
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Pub. L. No. 103-417. https://ods.od.nih.gov/About/DSHEA_Wording.aspx
FDA Approval Did Not Prevent the Opioid Crisis
The implicit premise of the FDA approval argument is that approval confers safety and that unapproved substances are therefore dangerous. The actual record does not support this premise. Prescription opioids — all FDA-approved — have been the primary driver of the overdose epidemic that has claimed more than 800,000 American lives since 1999. Oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and methadone are all FDA-approved. They cause dependence, overdose, and death at a scale that natural-leaf kratom has never approached and, given its pharmacological profile, cannot approach.
FDA approval did not prevent the opioid crisis. A framework that treats FDA approval as a safety guarantee has been empirically challenged by the most consequential public health disaster in recent American history. No serious policy movement exists to ban FDA-approved opioids on the grounds that they cause dependence and death, because policymakers recognize that the solution to pharmaceutical risk is regulation and accountability, not categorical prohibition. Applying a consistent analytical framework across substances with comparable or greater risk profiles is relevant to evaluating how natural-leaf kratom products should be treated.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic. 2024.
Approximately 806,000 opioid overdose deaths 1999-2023.
Applying Consistent Standards: Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine (Suboxone) is the FDA-approved gold standard for opioid use disorder treatment and is widely prescribed and publicly funded. Its known side effect profile includes physical dependence, nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, insomnia, and significant dental decay — the last of which prompted an FDA safety communication in 2022. Long-term buprenorphine patients are, by design, maintained on a physically dependent regimen, sometimes indefinitely.
No serious legislative movement exists to ban buprenorphine on the grounds that it causes dependence or side effects. Applying consistent pharmacological and evidentiary standards across substances — including natural-leaf kratom products, which have a comparable or milder side effect and withdrawal profile and no identified fatal overdose mechanism — would strengthen the scientific basis of regulatory decisions in this area.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA warns about dental problems with buprenorphine medicines dissolved in the mouth. Drug Safety Communication, January 12, 2022.
Claims That Children Are Becoming Addicted Lack Peer-Reviewed Support A recurring argument in legislative hearings is that kratom must be banned because children are accessing it and becoming addicted. IPHA takes child safety seriously. However, this claim is routinely made without the presentation of documented cases, clinical data, toxicological reports, or any peer-reviewed evidence base. To date, no peer-reviewed literature has established a pattern of pediatric kratom addiction in the United States.
The Kratom Consumer Protection Act already addresses underage access directly, mandating age restrictions of 18 to 21 depending on the state, with penalties for vendors who sell to minors, and prohibitions on packaging designed to appeal to minors. Banning a substance used by millions of adults in response to a pediatric risk that has not been demonstrated in the peerreviewed literature raises questions about proportionality that policymakers should consider carefully.
Affordability and Access Equity
FDA-approved addiction treatment medications such as buprenorphine and methadone, while effective, carry significant barriers: cost, availability of prescribing providers, stigma, and regulatory requirements. Natural-leaf kratom products are affordable, legally available without a prescription, and accessible to underserved populations who face the greatest barriers to formalized treatment. Regulatory actions that restrict access to natural-leaf kratom may have disproportionate effects on lower-income and rural populations who face the greatest barriers to treatment alternatives.
In a public health environment where more than 54,000 Americans died from opioid-related causes in 2024 alone, a harm-benefit analysis of any regulatory change affecting this population — including downstream effects on chronic pain patients and individuals in opioid recovery — is relevant to evidence-based policymaking.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic. 2024.
The IND Pathway for Synthetic 7-OH Products
Semisynthetic and synthetic 7-hydroxymitragynine products are not kratom. As singlecompound, highly potent, laboratory-derived opioid agonists, they share the pharmacological 8f. Public Comment
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profile of substances typically evaluated through the Investigational New Drug Application (IND) process — a regulatory pathway specifically designed for novel pharmaceutical compounds that requires preclinical and clinical safety evaluation before marketing.
In 2025, the FDA formally advised the DEA to schedule synthetic 7-OH derivatives, explicitly distinguishing them from natural-leaf kratom products. An independent 8-factor analysis conducted specifically on 7-hydroxymitragynine found that it does meet the criteria for scheduling under the Controlled Substances Act, identifying a high potential for abuse and evidence of opioid-type respiratory depression in animal studies. These findings stand in direct contrast to the 8-factor analyses of natural kratom leaf and mitragynine, which did not meet scheduling criteria. The appropriate regulatory pathway for synthetic 7-OH products is the IND process or scheduling — not regulation under the same consumer protection framework as natural-leaf kratom.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH): An assessment of the scientific data and toxicological concerns around an emerging opioid threat. FDA scientific assessment submitted to DEA, 2025.
CLOSING
We recognize that personal testimony from families who have experienced loss is deeply important to any policy discussion, and we approach this conversation with respect for that grief.
We also ask that equal respect be extended to the millions of adults whose access to safe, regulated kratom leaf products has meaningfully improved their quality of life, supported their recovery, and helped them manage conditions for which other options have been inadequate or unavailable.
Our purpose in sharing this scientific context is to ensure that the regulatory response is calibrated to what the evidence actually supports: that consumer protection through quality standards, labeling requirements on all kratom leaf products, and prohibition of synthetic and concentrated compounds is the approach most likely to both prevent harm and preserve access for those who benefit.
We are happy to provide full citations, copies of referenced studies, or additional scientific materials upon request. We also welcome the opportunity to connect your staff with subject matter experts who can speak to the forensic and scientific literature directly.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Note on 501(c)(3) Status: This document is prepared for educational purposes and presents peerreviewed scientific evidence and verified legislative history. It does not constitute lobbying activity, does not advocate for or against any specific legislation, and does not urge any vote or action by a legislative body.
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2 You likely have enough life experience and know what addiction can do to an individual and/or a family.
Kratom brought me back to my Lord, my wife and family, and continues to help me live a life I thought was behind me.
I don’t get drunk or high. Only synthetic or concentrated unnatural substances in this arena, such as 7OH (7-Hydroxy Mitragynine) or MGM-15 & 16 (semi-synthetic derivatives known for their higher potencies as agonists of opioid receptors) make people high, and not natural leaf kratom. Many folks with an addictive personality and people experiencing chronic pain take kratom responsibly to live normal lives.
It doesn’t cure life’s ills, but it sure helps the multitudes of folks like me; some estimates ranging into the tens of millions. I humbly ask that you allow people to make the choice to buy natural kratom unadulterated, properly examined and labeled, kept away from those under 21, and available to good people who don’t want to get high, and only want to live without excruciating pain or addiction.
W. Jef Reagan
Gloucester, VA
You are wondering why a person from out-of-state is concerned with this legislation. Let me tell you why I advocate for natural leaf kratom users out-of-state:
When I first started drinking , I had no idea that it was under attack. I relied on other people who were aware of the actions taking place in non-local governments standing up for me to keep kratom legal. Work and family kept me from following how kratom was under attack, even in my state. We do have professional lobbyists to represent us also, but there are many caring volunteers.
I have since retired and have become aware of people throughout the country who are even worse off than I was in regards to and addiction. There are groups of us volunteer kratom advocates who try to keep an eye out for our fellow kratom users in need throughout the country, many of whom don’t realize the leaf that they rely on is becoming endangered.
We don’t get paid, and try to keep fellow advocates apprised of hurtful legislation. We then, with as much tact as we can muster, try to educate good people in government, such as yourself, about the pros and cons of kratom; many of whom are glad they became more aware, as they were previously unsuspecting of what some of us pain or addiction victims endure.
I am not a professional anything at the moment, but I hope that in my clumsy way I have cleared up why we volunteers do what we do for folks in other areas of the country.
I wish you well. Thank you so much for your time.
Sincerely,
Jef Reagan
Gloucester, Virginia
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Clerk Note:
The following public comment contains a postmortem medical report that some individuals may find disturbing or upsetting. Members of the public are encouraged to exercise discretion before proceeding.
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2 * Discharge: All students were treated and released the same day or shortly thereafter once their vitals stabilized.
The children were given a standard drug test, but the hospital lacked the ability to test for kratom.
This is where the Kratom Industries leading lobbying group who profits from the sale of kratom, The American Kratom Association swooped in offered to pay between $6 and $7 hundred dollars to have the package of Dots tested by The University of Florida whose Scientist Dr. Christopher McCurdy has made his living from the study of Kratom and frequently joins the American Kratom Association in government meetings to keep kratom legal.
This appeared to be done for damage control because this story was being cited in government meetings to educate lawmakers on Kratom’s dangers to children.
If the Dot’s poisoning theory were true, they would likely have reported it to Tootsie Roll Industry the makers of Dot’s, and government agencies, but no proof has been provided to confirm this theory is true. The children said they ate kratom gummies, and the Dot’s were not found on or near the children.
The major concern is the hospital’s inability to test for kratom. This is common all around the country. When my son died from kratom I had to request they test for it because I was told it wasn’t routinely tested for in toxicologies.
Kratom is banned in:
Alabama
Arkansas
Connecticut
Indiana
Kansas
Louisiana
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Vermont
California (As of March 2026, the state of California has declared the sale and manufacture of kratom and its derivative 7- hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) for consumption to be illegal.) Banned for all United States Active Duty Military
Illinois banned in 35 bans
Massachusetts 24 bans
Mississippi 43 bans
Also Municipal bans in
Florida
Colorado
Minnesota
New Hampshire
New Mexico
Texas
Washington
Local governments are banning Kratom at a rapidly accelerating rate as more people fall victim to this dangerous drug.
Mac Haddow of the AKA lies:
American Kratom Association lobbyist Mac Haddow falsely claimed to Wisconsin lawmakers that Vermont repealed its kratom ban, attempting to influence the removal of Wisconsin's ban on kratom. Contrary to this claim, kratom remains illegal in Vermont. Wisconsin's September 13, 2023 Assembly Bill 393. https://youtu.be/s3uNAUieHh0?si=oILbhdWFSBcv1ezb minute mark 3:29:14.
Proponents of Kratom falsely claim that their drug has a “ceiling effect”, putting users at risk of being poisoned by Kratom. 8f. Public Comment
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3 For vital information on the truth about kratom please visit: Antikratom.org Kratom wrongful death lawsuits:
The American Kratom Association and several of the Kratom dealers on their website our currently in wrongful death lawsuits.
I’m not sharing to trade anecdote for evidence. I’m sharing because my son’s death is both personal and is the direct result of public-health failure. Kratom is being sold in an unregulated market with no dosing standards, no purity requirements, and inconsistent labeling.
The FDA is aware and investigating kratom-related injuries and deaths. The FDA’s agency’s own Import Alert 54-15, which restricts kratom imports underscores that this is not a safe, well-regulated product. Over 95% of kratom is smuggled into the United States by false labeling; therefore all kratom from over seas is coming from the black market with no assurance of quality, potency or purity.
Kratom is the necessary ingredient to produce far more potent, semi-synthetic compounds such as 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl. Those substances require kratom to be made.
If kratom remains readily available to anyone with internet access, we will not only continue to see deaths from whole-leaf products, we will fuel the creation of even more dangerous drugs.
Compare how we handle other precursor or risky substances. Sudafed is not addictive and is far less harmful than kratom, yet it is kept behind pharmacy counters, sold in limited amounts, requires ID, and is logged for law enforcement inspection because it is used to make methamphetamine. If we can control access to legal, low-risk precursors used to make dangerous drugs, we can and should control access to kratom, which has already been linked directly to deaths.
Age restrictions are not sufficient. Most Kratom documented deaths were of people over 21, and the majority are men.
Limits on youth access will not address the larger problem of adults buying unregulated, mislabeled, and increasingly potent kratom products online.
Kratom is being deceptively added to seltzers, gummies, tea bags, honey sticks, chocolate bars and candies. Vendors give initial doses away for free to hook consumers. I personally ordered through a link on the American Kratom Association’s website and was sent free product to Florida, a state with age restrictions, no credit card required, no proof of age beyond clicking a button. I gave Senator Morris of Louisiana this information, they sent him free kratom, he mentioned it in a hearing, and Mac Haddow of the AKA’s response was, “we don’t control the marketing practices”. They have 40 plus Kratom dealers listed on their website, and at least 6 of these are in Kratom wrongful death lawsuits, yet the AKA is unable or unwilling to monitor them. View The AKA’s own Mac Haddow confess they don’t even monitor their own kratom dealers here: Louisiana kratom ban hearing with Haddow’s confession:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT4fuOEwng8
Dr. Christopher McCurdy whose primary income has been from the study of Kratom for over 15 years. This study is to determine if and how it can be used as a pharmaceutical, not to be prescribed by a gas station attendant with unlimited supply to the consumer.
I belong to Kratom Danger Awareness, a nonprofit group comprised of families who have lost loved ones to kratom. We stand ready to provide testimony, documentation, and support to legislators crafting policy.
Every death like Matthew’s is preventable. Banning kratom will not erase the pain that my family carries, but it can prevent future families from suffering the same devastating loss.
Those attempting to keep kratom legal should be questioned on their reasoning to do so. There are 10’s of thousands kratom dealers in the United States fighting to keep this garbage drug in gas stations, smoke shops party stores, and online. The kratom industry shoots out emails to these kratom dealers when legislation is threatening their drug.
The most dangerous lie told in nearly all meetings is that the FDA has changed their mind on Kratom. Please don’t take my word for it, look at their website, look at their Import Alert Authority 54-15 making it illegal to import kratom into the United States. I have spoken with the FDA about my son’s death from , and they assured me they are actively investigating all kratom injuries and deaths reported to them. Unfortunately Kratom isn’t always tested for post mortem, therefore people that hide their use of this drug from doctors, family and friends won’t likely be tested when they die. 8f. Public Comment
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4 My Son Matthew died from in 2021, and since then I’ve watched nearly all government meetings involving any type of Kratom legislation. What is clear of those testifying to keep this drug legal are predominately those profiting from the sale of kratom including kratom dealers, lobbyist, scientists paid by the Kratom Association, lawyers and scientists who make their living from studying kratom. Very few people in these meetings are simply kratom users.
This is a disclaimer from the Happy Hippo listed as GMP Qualified on the American Kratom Associations website: “Kratom use may be associated with one or more of the following adverse reactions: nervousness, agitation, confusion, aggression, hallucinations, delusions, tremors, sleeplessness, drowsiness, lethargy, sedation, skin hyperpigmentation, loss of libido, constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, liver toxicity, tachycardia, hypertension, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, renal failure, seizures, coma, and death.” (this is not on their packaging, but hidden deep in their website).
Does Kratom relieve pain and make you feel euphoric maybe, but so does heroin, methamphetamines and cocaine.
My Son Matthew is dead, he won’t have children nor grandchildren, his legacy ended with him because of the gas station garbage drug .
Attached are my son’s toxicology/autopsy results and his photo.
Sincerely,
Susan Eppard
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CIRCUMSTANCES:
RECEIPT OF REMAINS:
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION:
IDENTIFYING MARKS AND SCARS:
EVIDENCE OF THERAPY:
EVIDENCE OF INJURY:
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM:
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
GENITOURINARY SYSTEM:
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM:
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:
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MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION:
SLIDE KEY:
VITREOUS ELECTROLYTES:
TOXICOLOGY:
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FINAL FINDINGS:
CONCLUSION:
__________________________________
Joseph A. Prahlow, M.D.
January 4, 2022
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2 I respectfully ask you to revise this ordinance to protect access to safe, natural kratom while focusing regulation on unsafe synthetic and adulterated products.
Thank you for your time, your service to our community, and your consideration of a balanced and evidence-based approach.
Sincerely,
Venus Usher
My Story: https://share.google/FmmBi7LTUucD1NZQD
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2 Dr. Heidi Sykora
Heidi Sykora DNP
Chief Scientific Officer
International Plant and Herbal Alliance
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Kratom
Evidence, Definitions,
and Consumer Safety
An Educational Briefing for Policy Makers
International Plant and Herbal Alliance
Educational Briefing for Policy Makers
May 2026
This briefing presents peer-reviewed scientific evidence on kratom for the purpose of informing evidencebased policy. Kratom has been marketed as a dietary supplement and is subject to the New Dietary Ingredient notification process under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), a framework that applies to botanical products and does not require pre-market approval. This briefing acknowledges both the documented risks and the documented benefits, and presents the full body of evidence for consideration in decisions that affect millions of people. 8f. Public Comment
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Key Scientific Findings for Policy Makers
WHAT SCIENCE SHOWS: LEGITIMATE CONCERNS
1. Concentrated 7-OH and other synthetically produced compounds are NOT kratom — but they are being sold as kratom.
This is the most important distinction in any kratom policy discussion. Natural kratom leaf contains 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) at trace levels averaging 0.01% of total alkaloids.
Manufacturers have learned to chemically isolate and concentrate 7-OH to levels up to 98%, and to produce entirely synthetic analogues such as mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, MGM-15, and MGM-16, creating products that are chemically and functionally closer to synthetic opioids than to the natural plant. These synthetic and concentrated products are being marketed and sold under the kratom name, creating serious confusion for consumers, clinicians, and policy makers alike. The FDA has moved to restrict these products. Kratom Consumer Protection Act (KCPA) legislation prohibits them. Any policy response to kratomrelated harms must distinguish clearly between natural leaf and these chemically engineered products; they are not the same substance and should not be regulated as if they are.
2. Physical dependence can occur with regular use — more like coffee than opioids for natural-leaf products. Addiction risk is higher with concentrated and synthetic products.
Regular use of natural-leaf kratom products can produce physical dependence and mild-tomoderate withdrawal symptoms. This is documented and should not be minimized. Peerreviewed research characterizes this profile as resembling caffeine dependence more than opioid dependence in risk and severity. However, the evidence is clear that addiction risk and withdrawal severity are substantially higher with concentrated 7-OH and synthetic analogue products. A 2025 peer-reviewed study found that commercial extracts with enriched or semi-synthetic 7-OH result in substantially greater mu-opioid receptor potency, higher dependence risk, and more severe withdrawal than natural-leaf products. Addiction concerns most strongly supported by the evidence are concentrated in the synthetic and concentrated products that KCPA legislation specifically prohibits. For natural-leaf products, gradual tapering is effective and self-manageable for most users.
3. Interactions with medications require clinical awareness and open disclosure.
Like many botanical supplements including St. John's Wort and ginkgo biloba, kratom interacts with medications through the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzyme pathways, which are shared by approximately 50% of all clinically used medications. Consumers should disclose kratom use to their pharmacist and healthcare provider. Stigma that prevents disclosure creates direct patient safety risk.
WHAT SCIENCE SHOWS: EVIDENCE THAT SHOULD INFORM REGULATION
4. Natural-leaf kratom products do not cause opioid-type respiratory depression.
Respiratory depression is the mechanism behind virtually every opioid overdose death. An FDA-funded clinical study concluded natural-leaf kratom products are well tolerated at all dose levels tested. No fatal kratom-induced respiratory depression has been reported in the scientific literature across an estimated 15 million users.
5. Deaths attributed to kratom overwhelmingly involve multiple other substances. 8f. Public Comment
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A 2025 systematic review found confounding substances in 32 of 35 deceased cases where kratom was present, despite sole attribution to kratom. The authors noted a pattern of weak or inadequate toxicology testing across case reports, meaning the 3 remaining cases without identified confounders may reflect incomplete testing rather than confirmed absence of other substances. Notably, despite active research efforts, scientists have been unable to establish a lethal dose for natural-leaf kratom products in humans or animals through oral administration, a significant finding in its own right.
6. Survey research indicates that among kratom consumers, the most commonly reported uses include pain management, mental health, and reducing opioid use.
A Johns Hopkins University convenience survey of 2,798 regular kratom consumers found that 91% reported using kratom for pain relief, 67% for anxiety, and 65% for depression. Of those using it to reduce opioid use, 74% achieved six months or more of abstinence and 36% sustained more than one year. As a convenience sample recruited through kratom communities, these findings describe engaged users rather than all kratom consumers, but the patterns are consistent across multiple independent surveys. These outcomes compare favorably to published benchmarks for FDA-approved opioid use disorder treatments.
7. Dependence is not the same as addiction.
Less than 3% of Johns Hopkins survey respondents met criteria for moderate or severe kratom use disorder. Average self-reported distress score was 3.2 out of 100. Many widely used medications produce physical dependence without meeting the clinical threshold for addiction.
8. Regulation works. Prohibition does not.
More than 17 states have enacted KCPA legislation establishing age restrictions, labeling requirements, testing standards, and prohibition of synthetic products. Rhode Island became the first state to overturn a kratom ban in 2025, replacing prohibition with the strictest regulatory framework in the country. Prohibition moves markets underground, removes safety standards, and eliminates age verification.
The full scientific briefing with peer-reviewed sources follows. All claims are supported by published literature and verified legislative records. References and copies of cited studies are available on request. 8f. Public Comment
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IPHA EDUCATIONAL BRIEFING
Kratom: Evidence, Definitions, and Consumer Safety
Prepared by International Plant and Herbal Alliance | May 2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary — Key scientific findings for policy makers 2 Section 1 — What Is Kratom: A Scientific Definition 4
Section 2 — Who Uses Kratom and Why: Consumer Voices 5
Section 3 — The Case for Regulation 7
Section 4 — Safety Science and Forensic Evidence 9
Section 5 — Regulatory Consistency and Policy Considerations 15 Closing 17
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SECTION 1: What Is Kratom: A Scientific Definition
Botanical Identity
Kratom has been marketed as a dietary supplement and is subject to the New Dietary Ingredient notification process under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), a framework that applies to botanical products and does not require pre-market approval.
Kratom refers specifically to preparations derived from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa Korth., a tropical tree in the Rubiaceae (coffee) family native to Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The tree has been used in traditional medicine for centuries in its region of origin, primarily as a mild stimulant and remedy for fatigue, pain, and fever.
Kratom leaf products include the natural dried leaf, leaf powder, capsules containing leaf powder, and leaf-based teas and extracts. Each of these represents a preparation of the botanical plant material and falls within the definition of kratom that KCPA legislation is designed to regulate and protect.
Active Compounds
The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa contain more than 40 naturally occurring alkaloids. The two primary active compounds are:
• Mitragynine, the most abundant alkaloid,, comprising approximately 66% of total alkaloid content in natural leaf material. It interacts with opioid receptors but with notably different properties than classical opioids.
• 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH), present in natural leaf at trace levels, typically less than
0.02% of total alkaloids. It has greater potency at opioid receptors than mitragynine.
Safety concerns are concentrated around commercial products with artificially elevated 7-OH concentrations far above what occurs in natural leaf. Most enacted KCPAs set a regulatory ceiling of 2% of total alkaloids, while some states have adopted stricter limits; Nebraska sets 1%, and Rhode Island's 2026 law uses a per-weight cap of 0.5 mg per gram, the strictest in the country.
Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents. PMC8878704. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022.
What Kratom Is NOT: A Critical Distinction
Not all products sold under the name 'kratom' are natural-leaf kratom products. This distinction is central to any regulatory conversation. Products that have been chemically processed to isolate, concentrate, or synthesize specific alkaloids, particularly 7-OH, represent a categorically different risk profile from whole-plant natural leaf products.
Enacted Kratom Consumer Protection Acts specifically prohibit the sale of synthetic and concentrated products while protecting access to natural leaf preparations. The evidence from decades of traditional Southeast Asian use consistently shows that the pattern of harms reported in the United States is concentrated in adulterated, synthetic, or concentrated products rather than natural leaf preparations.
McCurdy CR et al. An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2024. DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2305798. 8f. Public Comment
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SECTION 2: Who Uses Kratom and Why — Consumer Voices
Any complete policy discussion must include the perspectives of the millions of adults who use kratom responsibly and who report meaningful benefits to their quality of life. These are not fringe voices. They represent a substantial, well-documented population whose access to a legal, regulated product is directly affected by the outcome of this discussion. They deserve respect, and their choices deserve consideration.
Researchers at the National Institute on Drug Abuse have documented that kratom "is taken to self-treat pain and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, including substance-use disorders and opioid withdrawal" — characterizing consumerreported use patterns, not endorsing kratom as a treatment. PMC9527987, 2022.
What the Survey Research Shows
Two peer-reviewed surveys of thousands of kratom consumers, both published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, provide the most comprehensive picture of why people use kratom. Both were convenience samples recruited through kratom-related communities and therefore describe engaged users rather than all kratom consumers; however, their findings are consistent with each other and with other independent surveys, lending them credibility as indicators of use patterns:
• 91% of respondents endorsed pain relief as a reason for kratom use, with high effectiveness ratings averaging 83 out of 100
• 67% endorsed anxiety relief and 65% endorsed depression relief as reasons for use • 41% used kratom to stop or reduce prescription or illicit opioid use; of those, 74% achieved six months or more of opioid abstinence attributed to kratom use, and 36% reported more than one year of continuous abstinence
• Pain relief was cited as the single primary reason by 48% of respondents in a separate survey, making it the most commonly identified primary motivation These outcomes invite an important question for policy makers. Published clinical research on buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone), one of the most widely used FDA-approved treatments for opioid use disorder, shows that approximately 25% of patients remain in treatment at one year, and opioid-free outcomes fall to roughly 8.6% in the weeks following discontinuation.
Abstinence-based treatment programs have historically reported success rates below 20%. The kratom survey data, drawn from a self-selected population using an unregulated, unapproved botanical, showed 74% achieving six months or more of opioid abstinence and 36% sustaining more than one year.
These are not equivalent comparisons. The kratom data is self-reported, the populations differ, and study designs are not matched. However, the magnitude of the difference is large enough that it deserves serious scientific attention rather than dismissal. Policy decisions that remove access to natural-leaf kratom products for people currently using them to manage opioid withdrawal and maintain sobriety should be grounded in a full accounting of what the evidence shows, including what it shows about outcomes. Kratom is not an FDA-approved treatment and should not be characterized as one. But the data raises legitimate questions about whether prohibition serves the public health interest of the communities most affected by the opioid crisis.
Garcia-Romeu et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020. PMC7423016. Taylan & Sonmez, 12-Month Outcome Data for Buprenorphine-Naloxone Maintenance Treatment. European Psychiatry, 2024.
PMC11862473. Psychiatric Services meta-analysis, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300256. 8f. Public Comment
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Garcia-Romeu et al. Kratom user demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020. PMC7423016. Coe et al. Kratom as a substitute for opioids:
Results from an online survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019. ScienceDirect.
Instrumental, Goal-Directed Use
A 2024 study using ecological momentary assessment, a rigorous research method that captures real-time data from participants in their daily lives, found that most kratom consumers used it daily to relieve pain, improve mood, or increase productivity, and some used it as an opioid substitute. Most participants reported improvements in daily living and productivity.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Self-Reported Kratom Use. PMC10818224, JAMA Network Open, 2024.
Clinical Recognition: What Home Health Nurses Are Seeing Kratom use is now common enough among home health patients that clinical nursing guidance has become necessary. A 2025 peer-reviewed article published in Home Healthcare Now, the official journal of the Home Care Association of America, addressed this directly, providing home health nurses with evidence-based guidance on assessing kratom use, understanding its risk profile, and communicating with patients in a nonjudgmental, patient-centered manner. The existence of such clinical guidance reflects the reality that kratom users are present across all care settings, including among elderly, chronically ill, and post-surgical patients receiving home care services.
Sykora H. Home Care and the Patient Taking Kratom. Home Healthcare Now. 2025;43(2):122-124. DOI:
10.1097/NHH.0000000000001323.
Specific Populations Reporting Benefit
The peer-reviewed literature identifies several populations for whom kratom access is particularly significant:
• Chronic pain patients: Many report using kratom to manage pain conditions for which opioid prescriptions are unavailable or undesirable, or for which conventional treatments have been insufficient.
• People in recovery from opioid use disorder: Kratom has been widely reported by consumers as helpful during opioid withdrawal and in reducing opioid use. Research has noted that its use in this context mirrors traditional use in Southeast Asia for opioid substitution, and that its risk profile differs meaningfully from full opioid agonists. • People managing PTSD, anxiety, and mood disorders: Survey data consistently identifies this as one of the largest use categories, representing adults who are self-managing symptoms that significantly affect quality of life.
• People seeking to reduce or eliminate use of more dangerous substances: Multiple studies identify kratom as a harm-reduction tool used in place of opioids, alcohol, and other substances.
Smith KE et al. Kratom use is a regional and demographic phenomenon: evidence from NSDUH 2019 and an online convenience sample. PMC8721145, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2022.
The Cost of Prohibition to These Consumers
When jurisdictions ban or restrict access to natural-leaf kratom products without a regulatory alternative, these consumers do not stop seeking relief. They return to the substances kratom was helping them avoid, seek products in unregulated gray markets where quality and safety 8f. Public Comment
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cannot be verified, or go without treatment for conditions that significantly affect their daily lives.
Rhode Island's own legislature recognized this explicitly. "Kratom is used by many to manage pain and to ease opioid withdrawal symptoms...
This legislation replaces prohibition with sensible regulations." — Rhode Island Senate President Pro Tempore Hanna M. Gallo, July 2025.
Millions of Americans use natural-leaf kratom products daily and function as stable, productive members of their families and communities. They hold jobs, raise children, manage chronic pain, and stay out of emergency rooms. They are not in treatment statistics because they do not need treatment. They are not in overdose statistics because they are not overdosing. Their stability is the outcome of having access to a product that works for them, and that stability is invisible to policy — until access is removed and it collapses.
The downstream consequences of prohibition for this population, including potential return to illicit opioid use, opioid overdose, psychiatric crisis, and family destabilization, are real harms that would not appear in kratom statistics. They would appear in other data streams, unattributed to the regulatory change that preceded them. A harm-benefit analysis that accounts for consequences across all affected populations produces a more complete evidence base for any regulatory decision involving natural-leaf kratom products.
A further consistency question deserves mention in any policy discussion: the Department of Defense issued a prohibition on kratom use by all service members effective December 2025, citing combat readiness. Yet alcohol, a central nervous system depressant with a welldocumented fatal withdrawal syndrome, significant effects on reaction time and judgment, and documented links to military sexual assault, domestic violence, and veteran suicide, is not banned in the military. It is managed. A risk-based analysis that applies a consistent evidentiary standard across substances would help clarify whether categorical prohibition or a manageduse framework is the more proportionate response for natural-leaf kratom products.
Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. Adoption of Punitive General Orders or Regulations to Address Use of Kratom Products. Memorandum, September 15, 2025, effective December 31, 2025. https://www.opss.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/2025/09/15/ SECTION 3: The Case for Regulation
The Federal Scientific and Regulatory Record
The federal regulatory record on natural-leaf kratom products is often mischaracterized in policy discussions. The actual record strongly supports regulation over prohibition.
In 2016, the DEA announced its intent to temporarily place mitragynine and 7-OH into Schedule I. Following an unprecedented response from scientists, medical professionals, and the public, the DEA withdrew its notice of intent. The Department of Health and Human Services subsequently conducted a formal evaluation and withdrew its scheduling recommendation to the DEA. Then-HHS Assistant Secretary Dr. Brett Giroir characterized the FDA's supporting evidence as insufficiently strong to meet the evidentiary bar required for scheduling.
Drug Enforcement Administration. Withdrawal of notice of intent to temporarily place mitragynine and 7- OH into Schedule I. Federal Register, October 13, 2016.
The Controlled Substances Act requires an 8-factor analysis before any substance may be scheduled. This analysis was conducted by the FDA in both 2018 and 2021. In both instances, natural-leaf kratom products and the primary alkaloid mitragynine did not meet the criteria for 8f. Public Comment
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scheduling. Mitragynine was not found to have a high potential for abuse relative to currently scheduled substances, and the pharmacological evidence did not demonstrate natural-leaf kratom to be equivalent to classical opioids in abuse potential or harm.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Eight-factor analyses of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine under 21 U.S.C. § 811(b), 2018 and 2021. Department of Health and Human Services.
At the international level, the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD) reviewed kratom in 2021 and, in an 11-1 decision, concluded there was insufficient evidence to recommend a critical review for scheduling. The committee recommended that kratom remain under surveillance rather than subject to international control.
World Health Organization Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Summary of assessments, 44th ECDD, 2021. Geneva: WHO.
The National Institutes of Health has invested more than $100 million in kratom research. NIDA Director Dr. Nora Volkow has stated that kratom could hold value in addressing addiction. This level of federal scientific investment from the nation's foremost drug abuse research institution reflects the legitimate therapeutic potential of natural-leaf kratom products and is incompatible with a Schedule I designation, which requires a finding of no accepted medical value.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Kratom. National Institutes of Health. Volkow ND, quoted in Carroll J.
Statement on HB 1101, North Dakota Legislative Assembly, 2025.
As of 2025, more than 17 states have enacted KCPA legislation including Utah, Georgia, Arizona, Nevada, Florida, Colorado, Oregon, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, Texas, and South Carolina. These laws establish:
• Age restrictions (typically 21+) at point of sale
• Mandatory labeling of alkaloid content per serving on all kratom leaf products • Prohibition of adulterated, synthetic, and concentrated products • Batch testing and Certificate of Analysis requirements • Manufacturer registration and accountability
Navigating Kratom Legislation: Essential 2025 State-by-State Guide. Pharmakeia, December 2025. [Policy tracking resource; individual state KCPA statutes available at respective state legislature websites.]
Rhode Island: The First State to Overturn a Kratom Ban
Rhode Island designated kratom a Schedule I controlled substance in 2017. In July 2025, Governor Dan McKee signed the Rhode Island Kratom Act into law, making Rhode Island the first state in the country to overturn a kratom ban, replacing eight years of prohibition with comprehensive regulation. The law took effect April 1, 2026.
Rhode Island's new law is notable for establishing the strictest alkaloid limits of any state, setting a 7-OH limit of 0.5 mg per gram, requiring behind-the-counter placement, restricting sales to adults 21 and older, and prohibiting concentrated 7-OH products entirely. Lawmakers cited the failure of prohibition to prevent illegal sales, and the importance of access for people managing pain and opioid withdrawal.
State Bills to Regulate Kratom Advance. Filter Magazine, April 2026. Rhode Island Kratom Act, signed July 2025.
Regulation vs. Prohibition
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verification at point of sale. KCPA legislation fills the gap created by the absence of federal FDA standards, requiring manufacturers to safely produce, label, and distribute compliant kratom leaf products. States that have enacted KCPAs have established consumer protections that limit risks from adulterated, mislabeled, and contaminated products.
A 2024 peer-reviewed clinical pharmacology review by University of Florida researchers led by Dr. Christopher R. McCurdy makes an important distinction that is directly relevant to any regulatory discussion: under traditional conditions of use, exposure to 7-hydroxymitragynine is minimal, as it occurs only at trace levels in natural leaf material. It is chemically enriched and semi-synthetic 7-OH products, often marketed as kratom, that are chemically distinct from natural-leaf botanical preparations and carry a different risk profile entirely.
McCurdy CR, Sharma A, Smith KE, et al. An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2024. DOI:
10.1080/17512433.2024.2305798.
SECTION 4: Safety Science and Forensic Evidence
Risk Profile of Natural Leaf Products
Peer-reviewed literature consistently distinguishes between the risk profile of natural-leaf kratom products and that of concentrated or adulterated products. Research has shown that centuries of traditional use in Southeast Asia occurred without the pattern of harms reported in the United States market, where unregulated and adulterated products are prevalent.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): worldwide issues. PubMed 32452943.
Medication Safety Considerations
Interactions between botanical supplements and medications are a well-recognized safety consideration across the herbal supplement category, and kratom is no exception. Many widely used botanicals including St. John's Wort, ginkgo biloba, valerian root, and echinacea are known to interact with medications through the same enzymatic pathways. For kratom specifically, the underlying science is well understood. Mitragynine is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, and it also inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity. This matters because CYP3A4 alone is responsible for metabolizing approximately 50% of all clinically used medications, including antibiotics, statins, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antihypertensives. CYP2D6 metabolizes a similarly broad range of medications.
When kratom inhibits these enzymes, it can increase the blood levels of co-administered medications beyond their intended therapeutic range, an interaction that is clinically significant and not unique to kratom. Many common substances including grapefruit juice, St. John's Wort, and numerous prescription medications interact with CYP3A4 in the same way. The practical implication for home health nurses, pharmacists, and prescribers is that patients using kratom should be assessed for potential interactions with their medication regimen, particularly opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and cardiovascular medications.
Managing this risk depends entirely on open communication between patients and their healthcare providers and pharmacists. That communication is only possible when consumers feel safe disclosing kratom use without fear of judgment, stigma, or punitive response. Policies and public discourse that criminalize or stigmatize kratom use create a direct clinical harm:
patients who are ashamed to disclose use cannot be screened for interactions, counseled on 8f. Public Comment
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safe combinations, or monitored appropriately. De-stigmatization of kratom use is not a social nicety; it is a patient safety imperative.
This risk profile further underscores the importance of KCPA-required warning labels, healthcare consultation notices on all kratom leaf products, and accessible product information.
It is an argument for regulation and clinical awareness, not prohibition.
Sharma A. Evaluating drug interactions in kratom usage. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 2025. DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2025.2521045.
Exploration of cytochrome P450 inhibition mediated medication interaction potential of kratom alkaloids.
PMC7902086. Clinical Assessment of the Medication Interaction Potential of Kratom. PMC10198846.
Sykora H. Home Care and the Patient Taking Kratom. Home Healthcare Now. 2025;43(2):122-124. DOI:
10.1097/NHH.0000000000001323.
Product Identity Is Rarely Verified in Clinical and Forensic Settings One of the most significant and underappreciated problems in kratom-related adverse event reporting is that the product involved is almost never verified to be natural-leaf kratom. This is not a criticism of clinicians, who are appropriately focused on stabilizing their patient. It is a documentation gap with serious implications for how policy makers should interpret adverse event data.
In emergency settings, clinicians must act quickly on the information available at presentation.
The actual product packaging is rarely reviewed and chemical verification of contents is almost never performed before clinical documentation occurs. Chart entries reflecting kratom use are therefore typically based on verbal self-report at intake, not on verified product identity. A patient or bystander may report kratom use because that is what the product label says, because that is what they believe they consumed, or because they are uncertain what they consumed. The clinician documents accordingly, and that chart entry then flows into poison control reports, Medical Examiner records, CDC surveillance data, and ultimately media coverage.
Standard emergency toxicology panels do not distinguish natural-leaf kratom products from concentrated 7-OH products, synthetic analogues, or adulterated products containing fentanyl, benzodiazepines, or methamphetamine. Mitragynine presence in a toxicology screen has been used as a surrogate marker for kratom across the surveillance literature, without identifying what type of product was actually consumed. A product labeled kratom could contain concentrated 7- OH at levels up to 98%, synthetic analogues such as mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, MGM-15, or MGM-16, or dangerous adulterants. The treating clinician typically has no way to know, and no time to investigate.
Holstege et al. Increases in Kratom-Related Reports to Poison Centers, MMWR, CDC, March 2026. DOI:
10.15585/mmwr.mm7511a1.
The CDC's own 2026 MMWR surveillance report acknowledged this gap directly, noting that in cases involving multiple substances, determining which substance was most related to clinical effects or death was not possible, and explicitly calling for surveillance systems to distinguish product types as FDA moves to regulate 7-OH separately from whole-leaf kratom products.
Peer-reviewed forensic scientists have now called for updated autopsy and clinical protocols to make this distinction. A 2025 peer-reviewed paper called specifically for targeted toxicology in clinical and postmortem casework that includes mitragynine, 7-OH, and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl together, to distinguish botanical kratom exposure from concentrated or semisynthetic 7-OH products. The authors noted that implementing these analytic updates will reduce misclassification and better resolve the contribution of 7-OH to morbidity and mortality in contemporary case series.
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-8)
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From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.
PMC12671409, 2025.
Until these verification standards are adopted, the body of evidence attributing harms to kratom must be interpreted with caution. An unknown but potentially substantial proportion of adverse events and deaths attributed to kratom in clinical records, poison control databases, and media reports may reflect harms from concentrated 7-OH products, synthetic analogues, or adulterated products that KCPA legislation is specifically designed to remove from the market.
Sound policy benefits from full toxicological documentation before kratom death attributions are used as a basis for regulatory or legislative action. To date, no case has been documented in the peer-reviewed literature in which mitragynine alone was responsible for a fatality meeting all three criteria required for a scientifically sound attribution: measured mitragynine blood concentrations, complete toxicology testing with no confounding substances detected, and a complete medical history ruling out preexisting conditions.
Smallets S, Heywood J, Paustenbach D. The acute adverse health effects of kratom: An evaluation of case reports. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1620601.
A relevant question in every case cited as a kratom harm is whether the product was actually verified to be a natural-leaf kratom product. And where coroners or medical examiners attribute deaths to kratom, the underlying toxicology and autopsy data should be available for review under applicable public records laws. Transparency in death reporting supports informed policymaking. Some coroners have declined to release even de-identified toxicology records in response to public records requests — a practice that prevents independent scientific review of claimed kratom attributions.
Decision makers may hear testimony attributing deaths to kratom. The peer-reviewed forensic literature provides important scientific context for evaluating such claims.
A 2024 study published in Frontiers in Psychiatry analyzed coroner reports across 773 subjects and examined toxicological findings in cases where kratom was detected. The findings are consistent with a broader body of forensic research showing that in the overwhelming majority of cases where kratom is present at autopsy, multiple other substances are also present.
Torrico et al. Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. DOI:
10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1332999.
The Role of Polypharmacy
A 2024 commentary in Frontiers in Psychiatry by researchers from the University of Florida, Johns Hopkins, Midwestern University, and Ohio State University addresses this directly. The authors note that kratom-involved fatalities must be evaluated in the context of polypharmacy, meaning the simultaneous presence of multiple substances, and that kratom-only fatalities, although rare, must be taken in the context of the specific commercial product used, previous medical and drug use history, and the limitations of testing.
Grundmann O, Smith KE, Prozialeck WC, Veltri CA, Boyer EW. Commentary: Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. PMC11153780. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411964.
No Established Lethal Dose: A Significant Scientific Finding A 2025 systematic review published in Frontiers in Pharmacology examined all available case reports with toxicologically confirmed mitragynine presence, covering 95 patients including 35 deceased. The findings are significant: confounding substances that could have caused or contributed to adverse effects were present in 32 of the 35 deceased cases, despite many adverse effects being attributed solely to kratom. Importantly, the authors noted a pattern of 8f. Public Comment
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weak or inadequate toxicology testing and medical history across the case reports, meaning the 3 remaining cases without identified confounders may reflect incomplete testing rather than confirmed absence of other substances. The authors concluded that the literature provides insufficient evidence to support the claim that kratom consumption alone increases the risk of severe acute adverse health effects.
Smallets et al. The acute adverse health effects of kratom: an evaluation of case reports. Frontiers in Pharmacology, August 2025. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1620601.
A critical scientific finding further distinguishes natural-leaf kratom products from virtually every other botanically active substance: despite active research efforts, scientists have been unable to establish a lethal dose. This is not a gap waiting to be filled; it is a finding in its own right. The FDA's own single ascending dose study, conducted with McCurdy as a lead scientist and involving 40 participants administered up to 12 grams of plain leaf kratom, concluded that kratom appears to be well tolerated at all dose levels tested. None of the participants reached the study's stopping criteria for adverse events. Animal studies using oral administration have similarly been unable to establish a lethal dose consistent with amounts achievable through normal human consumption of natural leaf. This may reflect a fundamental property of naturalleaf kratom that makes fatal toxicity from natural-leaf kratom products through oral ingestion exceptionally difficult to achieve. That finding, combined with the absence of respiratory depression, has profound implications for how policy makers should weigh the risk profile of natural-leaf kratom products against the substances it is helping people avoid.
Reissig CJ, Setnik B, Milovan D, McCurdy CR, Sharma A, et al. A Pilot, Dose-Finding, Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Study of Orally Administered Botanical Kratom. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2026. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000002158.
Grundmann O, Smith KE, Prozialeck WC, Veltri CA, Boyer EW. Commentary. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. PMC11153780. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411964.
A Critical Safety Distinction: Mitragynine Does Not Cause Opioid-Type Respiratory Depression
In the context of an opioid crisis where tens of thousands of Americans die every year from a single cause: respiratory depression, meaning the safety profile of natural-leaf kratom products is directly relevant to any policy decision about its legal status. Opioid overdose deaths occur because classical opioids suppress the brain's drive to breathe. This is the mechanism behind virtually every opioid fatality from fentanyl, oxycodone, heroin, and morphine.
Mitragynine works differently at a molecular level. Classical opioids activate both G-protein signaling pathways and the beta-arrestin-2 pathway. It is the beta-arrestin-2 pathway that is responsible for respiratory depression, constipation, and reinforcing addiction behaviors.
Mitragynine is a G-protein-biased partial agonist of the mu-opioid receptor, meaning it activates the analgesic pathway without recruiting beta-arrestin-2.
A peer-reviewed study published in Psychopharmacology used the same research design that FDA scientists use to evaluate respiratory effects of opioids and directly compared oral mitragynine to oral oxycodone in a rodent model. The finding was unambiguous: mitragynine produced no evidence of respiratory depression at doses many times higher than those known to be taken by humans.
Respiratory effects of oral mitragynine and oxycodone in a rodent model. Psychopharmacology, 2022.
PMC9671979.
A separate peer-reviewed study confirmed that mitragynine has been shown to produce less respiratory depression than codeine, and that to date no fatal kratom-induced respiratory 8f. Public Comment
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depression has been reported in the scientific literature. This is a meaningful data point given the estimated 15 million adult users in the United States.
The respiratory depressant effects of mitragynine are limited by its conversion to 7-OH mitragynine.
PMC9314834, British Journal of Pharmacology, 2022.
Critically, this is not only preclinical data. A direct-observation study conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a federal government research program, monitored human participants self-administering whole-leaf kratom products across a range of servings from 1.1 to 10.9 grams. Respiratory depression was not detected. All vital signs remained within normal parameters and no adverse events occurred.
Smith et al., NIDA Intramural Research Program, 2023. Cited in: Kratom safety and toxicology in the public health context. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2024. PMC11180979.
The absence of opioid-type respiratory depression in natural-leaf kratom products is not a minor scientific detail. It is the single most important mechanistic distinction between kratom and the substances killing Americans at crisis levels. No fatal kratom-induced respiratory depression has been reported in the scientific literature across an estimated 15 million users. This evidence warrants careful consideration:
prohibition of natural-leaf kratom products in the context of an ongoing opioid crisis is a public health decision that merits the same rigorous evidence standard applied to any intervention affecting this many lives.
A critical forensic principle that is frequently overlooked in policy discussions: kratom presence in a decedent's system does not establish kratom causation. The conflation of kratom presence with kratom causation is a scientific error that has materially distorted the policy debate and produced a body of adverse event data that cannot reliably be attributed to natural-leaf kratom products specifically.
The forensic literature highlights that highly concentrated commercial formulations carry a meaningfully different risk profile than natural leaf products. This distinction is central to the regulatory conversation: KCPA legislation is specifically designed to remove synthetic and concentrated products from the market while protecting access to natural leaf preparations.
Grundmann O et al. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024. PMC11153780. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1411964.
Dependence, Withdrawal, and Addiction: A Balanced Assessment A scientifically complete briefing must address the dependence and withdrawal profile of natural-leaf kratom products honestly. Physical dependence with regular use is real, welldocumented in the peer-reviewed literature, and should not be minimized. Regular users who discontinue use of natural-leaf kratom products may experience withdrawal symptoms including craving, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, and sleep difficulty. This is consistent across multiple studies and should be acknowledged by any policy discussion.
Critically, however, the peer-reviewed evidence indicates that dependence and addiction risk are not uniform across all products sold under the kratom name. The risk profile differs meaningfully depending on what the product actually contains.
A 2025 peer-reviewed paper published in PMC states explicitly that commercial extracts with enriched or semi-synthetic 7-OH result in substantially greater mu-opioid receptor potency, higher dependence risk, and more severe withdrawal presentations compared to natural-leaf kratom products. The same paper notes that this difference in alkaloid concentration helps explain the variability and severity of addiction and withdrawal cases described in Western clinical settings.
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-8)
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7-Hydroxymitragynine and Nicotine Pouch Withdrawal Syndrome. PMC12758578, 2025.
The 2025 PMC forensic review further confirms this distinction: concentrated 7-OH preparations bypass first-pass metabolism, delivering high amounts of the mu-opioid receptor agonist directly in a way that brings respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal to the foreground in a manner that natural-leaf products do not. Traditional aqueous decoctions and natural leaf preparations contain little or no 7-OH at baseline, meaning opioid-type liabilities depend primarily on metabolic formation from mitragynine rather than direct 7-OH exposure.
From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.
PMC12671409, 2025.
Additionally, initial research findings indicate that mitragynine and 7-OH in natural ratios are not rewarding in laboratory procedures designed to test abuse potential, while concentrated 7-OH produces rapid-onset euphoria and classic opioid-type dependence and withdrawal. This distinction has direct policy relevance: addiction concerns most strongly supported by the evidence are concentrated in the synthetic and concentrated products that KCPA legislation specifically prohibits, not in natural-leaf kratom products.
From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.
PMC12671409, 2025.
Grundmann O et al. Not all kratom is equal: the important distinction between native leaf and extract products. Addiction, 2024.
However, the science draws a clear and important distinction between physical dependence and addiction, a distinction that is frequently blurred in public discourse and media coverage of kratom. Physical dependence refers to the body's physiological adaptation to a substance, which produces withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. It is not the same as addiction, which in clinical terms requires compulsive use despite significant harm and functional or psychosocial impairment.
Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder. PMC11344726, 2024.
The peer-reviewed literature consistently shows that kratom dependence, when it occurs, does not typically meet the full clinical threshold for addiction. A Johns Hopkins University survey of 2,798 kratom consumers found that less than 3% met DSM-5 criteria for moderate or severe kratom-related substance use disorder. When asked how troubled or bothered they were by their kratom use on a scale from 0 to 100, the mean response across the entire sample was 3.2 out of 100.
Garcia-Romeu et al. Kratom user demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2020. PMC7423016.
A 2024 NIH-approved study of 395 regular kratom consumers found that withdrawal and kratom use disorder symptoms were primarily in the mild to moderate range, and were more closely associated with frequency of use than with dose amount. Critically, prolonged kratom use is not necessarily associated with impairments in psychosocial functioning, which is the hallmark of true addiction.
Kratom addiction per DSM-5 SUD criteria, and kratom physical dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2024. PMC11493341.
A useful comparison: many widely used medications including antidepressants, corticosteroids, and beta-blockers produce physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. No one would call a patient who experiences discontinuation symptoms from stopping their antidepressant an addict. The DSM-5 recognizes this distinction: tolerance and withdrawal alone are not sufficient for a substance use disorder diagnosis when those symptoms reflect 8f. Public Comment
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normal physiological adaptation rather than compulsive, harmful use. The same logic applies to kratom, where the overwhelming majority of users who experience dependence do not show the functional impairment, loss of control, or compulsive harmful patterns that define true addiction.
Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder. PMC11344726, 2024.
Where kratom withdrawal does require attention, it is manageable. Symptoms are generally mild, tolerable, and self-manageable for the majority of users. Gradual tapering of dose over time is widely reported as an effective approach that most users can manage on their own. For those requiring clinical support, options exist including supervised tapering and supportive care.
This risk profile is meaningfully different from opioid use disorder, where withdrawal can be medically dangerous and where the compulsive use pattern causes severe and often irreversible harm to health, relationships, and functioning.
Kratom withdrawal: Discussions and conclusions of a scientific expert forum. PMC10311168, Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports, 2023.
SECTION 5: Regulatory Consistency and Policy Considerations FDA Approval Is Not Required for Botanical Supplements
A frequent objection to natural-leaf kratom products is that they lack FDA approval. This argument misunderstands the regulatory landscape. FDA pre-market approval applies to pharmaceutical drugs — novel chemical entities submitted for evaluation as treatments for specific medical conditions. It has never applied to botanical dietary supplements sold under DSHEA.
Natural-leaf kratom products occupy the same regulatory category as ashwagandha, valerian root, St. John's Wort, elderberry, and hundreds of other botanical products that are legally sold, widely used, and not FDA-approved. None of these substances requires pre-market approval.
To selectively invoke the absence of FDA approval as a disqualifying characteristic for kratom alone, while ignoring the identical regulatory status of the entire botanical supplement market, is not a principled regulatory argument. It is an ad hoc standard applied only to kratom.
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Pub. L. No. 103-417. https://ods.od.nih.gov/About/DSHEA_Wording.aspx
FDA Approval Did Not Prevent the Opioid Crisis
The implicit premise of the FDA approval argument is that approval confers safety and that unapproved substances are therefore dangerous. The actual record does not support this premise. Prescription opioids — all FDA-approved — have been the primary driver of the overdose epidemic that has claimed more than 800,000 American lives since 1999. Oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and methadone are all FDA-approved. They cause dependence, overdose, and death at a scale that natural-leaf kratom has never approached and, given its pharmacological profile, cannot approach.
FDA approval did not prevent the opioid crisis. A framework that treats FDA approval as a safety guarantee has been empirically challenged by the most consequential public health disaster in recent American history. No serious policy movement exists to ban FDA-approved opioids on the grounds that they cause dependence and death, because policymakers recognize that the solution to pharmaceutical risk is regulation and accountability, not categorical prohibition. Applying a consistent analytical framework across substances with comparable or greater risk profiles is relevant to evaluating how natural-leaf kratom products should be treated.
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-8)
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic. 2024.
Approximately 806,000 opioid overdose deaths 1999-2023.
Applying Consistent Standards: Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine (Suboxone) is the FDA-approved gold standard for opioid use disorder treatment and is widely prescribed and publicly funded. Its known side effect profile includes physical dependence, nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, insomnia, and significant dental decay — the last of which prompted an FDA safety communication in 2022. Long-term buprenorphine patients are, by design, maintained on a physically dependent regimen, sometimes indefinitely.
No serious legislative movement exists to ban buprenorphine on the grounds that it causes dependence or side effects. Applying consistent pharmacological and evidentiary standards across substances — including natural-leaf kratom products, which have a comparable or milder side effect and withdrawal profile and no identified fatal overdose mechanism — would strengthen the scientific basis of regulatory decisions in this area.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA warns about dental problems with buprenorphine medicines dissolved in the mouth. Drug Safety Communication, January 12, 2022.
Claims That Children Are Becoming Addicted Lack Peer-Reviewed Support A recurring argument in legislative hearings is that kratom must be banned because children are accessing it and becoming addicted. IPHA takes child safety seriously. However, this claim is routinely made without the presentation of documented cases, clinical data, toxicological reports, or any peer-reviewed evidence base. To date, no peer-reviewed literature has established a pattern of pediatric kratom addiction in the United States.
The Kratom Consumer Protection Act already addresses underage access directly, mandating age restrictions of 18 to 21 depending on the state, with penalties for vendors who sell to minors, and prohibitions on packaging designed to appeal to minors. Banning a substance used by millions of adults in response to a pediatric risk that has not been demonstrated in the peerreviewed literature raises questions about proportionality that policymakers should consider carefully.
Affordability and Access Equity
FDA-approved addiction treatment medications such as buprenorphine and methadone, while effective, carry significant barriers: cost, availability of prescribing providers, stigma, and regulatory requirements. Natural-leaf kratom products are affordable, legally available without a prescription, and accessible to underserved populations who face the greatest barriers to formalized treatment. Regulatory actions that restrict access to natural-leaf kratom may have disproportionate effects on lower-income and rural populations who face the greatest barriers to treatment alternatives.
In a public health environment where more than 54,000 Americans died from opioid-related causes in 2024 alone, a harm-benefit analysis of any regulatory change affecting this population — including downstream effects on chronic pain patients and individuals in opioid recovery — is relevant to evidence-based policymaking.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic. 2024.
The IND Pathway for Synthetic 7-OH Products
Semisynthetic and synthetic 7-hydroxymitragynine products are not kratom. As singlecompound, highly potent, laboratory-derived opioid agonists, they share the pharmacological 8f. Public Comment
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profile of substances typically evaluated through the Investigational New Drug Application (IND) process — a regulatory pathway specifically designed for novel pharmaceutical compounds that requires preclinical and clinical safety evaluation before marketing.
In 2025, the FDA formally advised the DEA to schedule synthetic 7-OH derivatives, explicitly distinguishing them from natural-leaf kratom products. An independent 8-factor analysis conducted specifically on 7-hydroxymitragynine found that it does meet the criteria for scheduling under the Controlled Substances Act, identifying a high potential for abuse and evidence of opioid-type respiratory depression in animal studies. These findings stand in direct contrast to the 8-factor analyses of natural kratom leaf and mitragynine, which did not meet scheduling criteria. The appropriate regulatory pathway for synthetic 7-OH products is the IND process or scheduling — not regulation under the same consumer protection framework as natural-leaf kratom.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH): An assessment of the scientific data and toxicological concerns around an emerging opioid threat. FDA scientific assessment submitted to DEA, 2025.
CLOSING
We recognize that personal testimony from families who have experienced loss is deeply important to any policy discussion, and we approach this conversation with respect for that grief.
We also ask that equal respect be extended to the millions of adults whose access to safe, regulated kratom leaf products has meaningfully improved their quality of life, supported their recovery, and helped them manage conditions for which other options have been inadequate or unavailable.
Our purpose in sharing this scientific context is to ensure that the regulatory response is calibrated to what the evidence actually supports: that consumer protection through quality standards, labeling requirements on all kratom leaf products, and prohibition of synthetic and concentrated compounds is the approach most likely to both prevent harm and preserve access for those who benefit.
We are happy to provide full citations, copies of referenced studies, or additional scientific materials upon request. We also welcome the opportunity to connect your staff with subject matter experts who can speak to the forensic and scientific literature directly.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Note on 501(c)(3) Status: This document is prepared for educational purposes and presents peerreviewed scientific evidence and verified legislative history. It does not constitute lobbying activity, does not advocate for or against any specific legislation, and does not urge any vote or action by a legislative body.
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-8)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 A total ban that does not make this distinction would criminalize the botanical alongside the concentrate. I respectfully ask Council Member Purvis to consider a narrower approach: target synthetic, isolated, and concentrated 7-OH by defining prohibited products by origin or concentration ratio (for example, products where 7-OH exceeds 2% of total alkaloid content), not by banning the compound outright. Paired with a 21+ age limit, honest alkaloid labeling, and adulteration prohibitions, that is a Kratom Consumer Protection Act — real consumer safety without eliminating adult access to a traditional botanical.
I would welcome the chance to share more, including peer-reviewed research and federal regulatory materials, if your office would find it useful. Would you be willing to let me know where you stand on this distinction?
Thank you for your time and your service to our community.
Brittany Sefton
Coronado, CA
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-9)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 My Kratom testimony…
From 2008 to 2019, I lived trapped in FDA-approved , s, and prescribed for my . Over 11 years, management turned into fullblown . What began as dependency slowly became a cycle of misuse, desperation, and shame.
In April of 2019, I was dismissed from pain management after failing a required pill count. I was short on my medication and couldn't find what I needed. Cut off from prescriptions, I turned to the streets, and in that desperation, I slipped into use while trying to find another doctor.
By June of 2019, I was in withdrawal and at rock bottom when I watched a documentary called A Leaf of Faith. That moment changed everything. The next day, I walked into a shop, showed my ID, and bought whole-leaf kratom..not synthetic 7-OH.
Kratom quieted the relentless cravings. The voice that kept saying, "one more pill, one more snort, one more escape," finally went silent. For the first time in over a decade, I felt stable. gave me the breathing room to heal and allowed me to rebuild my life.
I have not returned to pain management in over six and a half years. Today, I am a thriving mother, a firsttime grandmother, and a contributing member of society. I am no longer a burden to my children. I am an example of recovery.
I will always be grateful that I had access to safe, lab-tested, whole-leaf kratom. And that is why I speak out to protect others who are still fighting for their lives.
Been Reborn,
Misty Brown
Kratom Consumer, Advocate & Activist est. 2019
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-10
)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
1 Kelsea Holian
From: Kelly Purvis
Sent: Tuesday, May 5, 2026 11:37 AM
To: Kelsea Holian
Subject: Fw: Kratom saves lives
Kelly Purvis
City Council Member
City of Coron ado
Cit y Coun cil I www.coronado.ca.us
18 25 St rand Way | Coronado, California 9 21 18
T: 6 19-522 -26 37 | C: 619-936-8337 | E: k elly .pu rvis@co ronado.ca.us From: lauren parish >
Sent: Monday, May 4, 2026 10:24 AM
To: Kelly Purvis <[email protected]>
Subject: Kratom saves lives
CAUTION: This email is from an EXTERNAL source. Ensure you trust this sender before clicking on any links or attachments.
Good afternoon,
Please do not ban natural kratom.
12 years ago, I was prescribed and it was ruining my life. I was still in , and miserable until I found natural kratom. I truly believe it saved my life and it also helps tremendously with my and that I struggle with on a daily basis.
7-oh and natural kratom are NOT the same.
I have seen natural kratom help so many people stay away from alcohol and drugs and also help people who suffer from chronic illnesses.
Thank you for your time.
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-12)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 Respectfully,
Nicolina Ammerman
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-13)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 An estimated 15 million Americans currently use kratom. That is not a fringe population. That is millions of veterans, parents, laborers, small business owners, and seniors—people striving to remain functional, present for their families, and engaged in their lives despite ongoing health challenges.
These are not criminals.
And we must begin with clarity.
There is a critical distinction between raw, natural kratom leaf—traditionally prepared as a tea—and synthetic or adulterated products.
Raw kratom leaf is a botanical. It is part of the coffee family and has been used traditionally in Southeast Asia for generations.
What creates risk in any market is not the plant itself—it is contamination, synthetic analogues, and the absence of standards.
That is why kratom literacy is essential.
Kratom literacy means understanding the difference between raw leaf and highly concentrated extracts. It means recognizing adulterated products. It means educating consumers instead of criminalizing them. It means implementing labeling requirements, age restrictions, and accountability.
I support restricting kratom sales to adults 21 and over. That is responsible. That protects youth. But banning kratom entirely will not eliminate use—it will eliminate safety.
When individuals who rely on kratom for chronic pain, anxiety, or depression suddenly lose access, their suffering does not disappear. Many have already been failed by conventional systems of care. Some were cut off from prescriptions. Some cannot tolerate pharmaceutical treatments. Others are actively trying to avoid far more dangerous substances.
If you remove a plant-based option that many consider manageable and functional, you risk pushing individuals toward significantly more harmful alternatives.
In public health, we know that when safer options are removed, risk does not disappear—it escalates.
We have seen this before. In 2016, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration attempted to emergency schedule kratom nationwide. The response was historic—one of the largest public comment periods in FDA history. Veterans, patients, researchers, and families spoke out in overwhelming numbers, and the proposal was ultimately withdrawn.
Why?
Because people showed up—and made it clear that this plant matters.
The City of Coronado now has an opportunity to lead with wisdom and balance. You can distinguish between natural botanical leaf and synthetic substances. You can enforce 21+ age restrictions. You can implement thoughtful regulation that protects consumers while preserving access. 8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-14)
Item 8.f
3 I respectfully urge the adoption of a resolution in support of AB 1088. It is critical to distinguish between naturally occurring plant material and synthetic compounds, and there are well-established scientific methods that make this entirely achievable.
Techniques such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, immunoassay testing, and botanical analysis provide reliable and consistent identification. In advanced settings, stable isotope analysis can further differentiate natural from synthetic substances.
When combined with proper training and standardized protocols, these methods make accurate, enforceable distinction not only possible—but practical.
There is no justifiable reason to claim otherwise. We already regulate substances like alcohol and cannabis— each with varying compositions and potencies—through clear, enforceable standards. Kratom should not be treated as an exception.
At its core, this is about truth and clarity. The distinction between a natural plant and a synthetic substance is real, measurable, and scientifically established. We have the tools. We have the knowledge. What is required now is the willingness to apply them responsibly.
To suggest that this cannot be done is not a limitation of science—it is a dismissal of it.
When people’s health, stability, and dignity are at stake, we have a responsibility to act based on evidence— not fear.
Choose regulation over reaction.
Choose education over fear.
And choose policies that protect both public health and human dignity.
As a member of this community, I ask you to lead with compassion, evidence, and responsibility.
Thank you for your time, your service, and your commitment to thoughtful decision-making.
I also want to briefly state my background, as it informs my perspective on this issue. I hold a Master of Arts in Media Psychology, and I have been independently studying kratom since 2016. My focus has included how public perception is shaped by media narratives, how policy decisions impact psychological well-being, and how stigma influences access to care. I share this not as an appeal to authority, but to clarify that my position is grounded in both academic training and nearly a decade of sustained engagement with this subject.
Sincerely,
Matthew W. McHolland
Sent from my T-Mobile 5G Device
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8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-14)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 *** I am in full support of banning SYNTHETIC 7-OH products. They are super dangerous and can cause respiratory depression and addiction. SYNTHETIC 7-OH is NOT Natural Kratom. The advocates and sellers of these SYNTHETIC 7-OH products KNOWINGLY lie about this to make money off the back of innocent consumers.
Thank you for your kind consideration of my requests. I really appreciate it! Sincerely,
Denise Geltman
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-15)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 name “Kratom” in it people could easily be thinking they are taking a safe, “natural” remedy but that isn’t the case with this product. To ban the natural leaf product because of this synthesized drug would truly be a shame.
Thank you so much for your consideration, I really appreciate it.
Ed Arthur
Irvine, California
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-16)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 Eleven years ago, I began consuming , and it gave me back my mobility and ability to fully engage with my family. In 2022, when my daughter and son-in-law’s childcare closed unexpectedly, I provided full-time care for my granddaughter, saving them approximately $50,000.
This past summer, with major home repairs and high childcare costs, I again cared for my 3½-yearold granddaughter for four months, chasing her all over town — weekly trips to the Zoo, the library, and every nearby splash pad.
I participate in local and state-level meetings on kratom regulation and spoke one-on-one with roughly 200 state legislators at the NCSL conference. I will be attending a scientific symposium again this year, where I will share my personal experience alongside researchers and regulators. I was also asked to speak at a joint HHS/FDA press briefing about the benefits of kratom and to distinguish it from the dangerous 7OH.
Outside of advocacy, I sing in a chorus, performing for nursing homes and assisted living facilities as a form of community service, helping bring joy and connection to others.
My personal experience demonstrates the profound impact kratom has on function, family life, and community engagement, and underscores the importance of patient perspectives in informing science and policy.
Please support protecting plain leaf Kratom, with common sense regulations such as an age gate, and truthful packaging, while prohibiting products where the package shows that it contains over 2% of the metabolite 7-OH (7-hydroxymitragynine) as well as banning all other synthetics.
Please do not ban plain leaf Kratom for those who take it responsibly. My number is 269 873- 9592. More information and the science is found on my LinkedIn Profile:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/melody-woolf366a7b146?utm source=share&utm campaign=share via&utm content=profile&utm medium=ios a pp
Best regards,
Melody Woolf
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-17)
Item 8.f
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-17)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 I learned about kratom from my brother after it got him off of heroin. It has saved my sisters life, also.
They both survived in 2016. Kratom is the reason they reached sobriety and remain sober. It prevented me from getting addicted to pills. Addiction runs in my family- it could've been me.
Research from Johns Hopkins University and the University of Florida shows that kratom’s natural compounds work differently from opioids — they can relieve pain and improve mood without the dangerous risk of respiratory failure. Studies in Drug and Alcohol Dependence also found that kratom has a low potential for abuse and can even help people reduce dependence on harmful substances.
Data from the CDC and the National Institute on Drug Abuse confirm that deaths linked solely to kratom are extremely rare — most cases involve other drugs or contaminants.
Another concern of mine is the fact that alcohol has remained easily accessible while being responsible for tens of millions of deaths globally. Alcohol withdrawal is deadly whereas discontinuing kratom use is not. Kratom, namely plain leaf kratom, is not deadly.
That’s why I believe regulation, not prohibition, is the responsible way. Requiring testing and labeling so products are safe and adults can make informed choices.
For me, and for millions of others, kratom has meant a better, healthier quality of life. Please listen to the science, and to the people who use it responsibly every day.
Thank you for your time and consideration,
Drea Powers
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-18)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
3 Almost all deaths seen throughout the country are a result of consumers combining 7- OH with other substances including alcohol.
You cannot overdose from kratom. There is a ceiling effect. If you take too much kratom your body instantly vomits. This is not the same with 7-OH. The FDA and HHS have made it very clear that they do not want to ban NATURAL LEAF KRATOM. They are only interested in scheduling 7-OH.
Thank you so much for taking the time to listen to my story and to read these facts.
Yours Truly,
Shannon Hareld
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-19)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 nearing the end of the road. For over 15 years I was bedridden and unable to care for myself, everything had to be done for me, and it included in home nursing care for the PICC lines.. When opioids were removed from the picture, even though I was diagnosed as terminal, I wasn't a , so I wouldn't be able to get through the worst known pain to us is what I experience daily. It feels like I am being . That's on a good day!
Unfortunately I was not able to take it anymore and I was ready to After spending most of my younger years in college, including medical school, I am very good at research and the word kratom was introduced to me.
Please don't ban kratom! It doesn't take away all of my pain, but it makes it tolerable! If you ban kratom, you will be sentencing many people to jail, a very dangerous black market or death! Thank you for your time and consideration!
Sincerely,
Dijon Evans
Sent from my Galaxy
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-20)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 DEA attempted to classify kratom as a controlled substance in 2016. Since then, the situation has escalated, with more dangerous derivatives, rising deaths, addiction, and adverse health effects. I have connected with many families who have suffered the same devastation of losing a loved one to kratom.
Regulation alone will not protect the public and may even foster a false sense of safety and the misconception that kratom-related issues have been resolved. Kratom includes mitragynine,7-hydroxymitragynine and 40+ additional alkaloids. If it is not banned its entirety, access to all the alkaloids remains as well as the ability to continue creating more dangerous derivatives.
I am including links with further information regarding kratom and its industry. The first one includes a letter signed by eleven state senators to the Commissioner of the Food and Drugs encouraging consideration for kratom to be banned in its entirety. The second one is from a site created by a pharmacist who advocates for kratom to be banned. The fourth and fifth links include statements regarding kratom from Dr. Christopher McCurdy – a researcher in Florida. He is believed to be aligned with the kratom industry but his comments in the following links support that there is much not known about kratom. The seventh link is a brief podcast by Jermaine Galloway (Tall Cop Says Stop) that puts the kratom issue into perspective so well. The last one is an article I interviewed for to bring awareness in my own state. Ricketts’ Letter Calls on FDA to Address Kratom Scheduling Loophole - Senator Pete Ricketts Kratom Briefing for Lawmakers | Mothers Against Herbal Abuse The law and the profits: Inside kratom's political underbelly | Courthouse News Service Examining kratom’s growing controversy, use in U.S.
nccih.nih.gov/training/videolectures/22/3
Deadly Dose - A Tampa Bay Times investigation into the kratom industry The Tides Are Shifting on Krat… - Tall Cop Says Stop™ - Boots On The Ground - Apple Podcasts Parent warns of the dangers of kratom after son's death The American Kratom Association is defending the kratom industry without regard for those who have died because of this substance. One of their lobbyists often discredits coroners and medical examiners, claiming our loved ones did not die from kratom. The Association played a significant role in stopping the 2016 DEAs ban effort. This decision cost many families, including mine, beyond measure. The DEA continues to list kratom as a “drug of concern”.
Please support scheduling/banning kratom in its entirety and protect Coronado citizens from the devastation kratom has caused many individuals and families.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Respectfully,
Kelli McCann (Benjamin’s mom)
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-21)
Item 8.f
3 8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-21)
Item 8.f
Item 8.f
2 Natural Kratom leaf has been used for centuries. For 15 years science research has been done on Natural Kratom leaf. The FDA themselves conducted an ascending dose study concluding that they found it caused zero harm in any amount. Nida has also conducted studies,finding it is not addictive.
Both of these agencies do conclude more research is necessary. And they cannot endorse it. But they also conclude Natural Kratom leaf is not harmful.
Millions of chronic pain patients.have turned to Natural kratom leaf to help manage pain. And millions of others turn to it to help stop them from using other more harmful substances like Fentynal and other potent opiates.
Please allow Access to the millions of people who use natural kratom leaf responsibly as adults. Ban the synthetic potent substances like 7-OH.
But allow access to natural kratom leaf. Without causing those who use it to be labeled criminals while trying to treat pain.
Oppose a ban, support regulations. Look to other States, and other local local areas who have upheld regulating natural kratom leaf. And follow their lead.
Thank you for your time,
Kathryn Magliaro
8f. Public Comment
May 5, 2026 (S-22)
Item 8.f
CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Resolution to Extend a Local Emergency Declaration in the City of Coronado Due to Impacts from Cross-Border Water Pollution
RECOMMENDATION
Consider the Resolution to Extend the Local Emergency Declaration due to cross-border water pollution.
BACKGROUND
The City of Tijuana’s regional wastewater infrastructure is decades old, has inadequate capacity to treat and convey wastewater and suffers from repeated breaks and system failures. These failures lead to spillage and wastewater discharge into the Tijuana River, its tributaries and outfall into the Pacific Ocean, polluting the ocean waters off Imperial Beach, Coronado and beyond. The impacts of this pollution to the region are profound, and growing as Tijuana’s population expands.
The South Bay area, including the City of Coronado, has seen increasing levels of water pollution and beach closures from cross-border water pollution. These conditions threaten the health and safety of residents and visitors, our local ecosystems and the economic vitality of the region.
At the City Council’s March 4, 2025 meeting, City Council adopted a Resolution Declaring a Local Emergency due to pervasive impacts from cross-border water pollution. The declaration was extended on June 3, 2025, July 15, 2025, September 2, 2025, October 21, 2025, December 16, 2025, February 3, 2026, and March 17, 2026.
ANALYSIS
Under State law, a declaration of local emergency must be considered every sixty days and the governing body take action to either extend or terminate the local emergency. The City Council is requested to discuss and take action. A Resolution to Extend the Emergency Declaration has been prepared and is attached.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact.
ALTERNATIVE
The City Council may choose to terminate the emergency declaration or provide other direction.
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
Not applicable.
PUBLIC NOTICE
Not applicable.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Resolution 2026-22
Submitted By: City Manager's Office / Tina Friend
Item 8.g
Attachment 1
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-22
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF CORONADO, CALIFORNIA, EXTENDING A
DECLARATION OF A LOCAL EMERGENCY
RELATING TO IMPACTS FROM CROSS BORDER
WATER POLLUTION
WHEREAS, California Government Code Section 8630 and Coronado Municipal Code Chapter 2.50 empowers the City Council to proclaim the existence or threatened existence of a local emergency; and
WHEREAS, The Coronado City Council adopted a Resolution to Declare a Local Emergency on March 4, 2025, and subsequently adopted an additional 60-day extension due to the ongoing impacts on April 15, 2025, June 3, 2025, July 15, 2025, September 2, 2025, October 21, 2025, December 16, 2025, February 3, 2026, and March 17, 2026; and WHEREAS, The Emergency Declaration is set to expire on May 16, 2026, unless further extended by the City Council; and
WHEREAS, cross border flows of untreated wastewater from the Tijuana River and the inoperative San Antonio de los Buenos Wastewater Treatment Plant constitute an environmental catastrophe and through this pollution of ocean waters, adversely impacts the lives of residents and visitors in the City of Coronado; and
WHEREAS, impaired water quality leads to conditions unhealthy for the safety of persons, property and the environment; and
WHEREAS, pollution from cross-border flows is impacting the region’s community health, economy and ecosystems, and the ongoing closures of South Bay beaches, including Coronado beaches, limits coastal access; and
WHEREAS, the flow of contaminants and untreated wastewater continues to escalate due to inadequate wastewater infrastructure in the City of Tijuana and lack of sufficient operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure; and
WHEREAS, the cities of Imperial Beach, Chula Vista, San Diego, the County of San Diego and the San Diego Port District have declared a state of local emergency, and the County of San Diego has issued a public health emergency for the Tijuana River Valley; and WHEREAS, the environmental degradation from cross-border water pollution constitutes Item 8.g
Attachment 1
an economic and public health threat that is beyond the control of local resources, services, personnel equipment and facilities, and warrants this declaration of a local emergency.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado as follows:
1. That the above recitations are true.
2. A local emergency exists in the City of Coronado.
3. The City Manager, Mayor and Councilmembers are authorized to work with local, State, Federal and Mexican authorities to improve conditions in the Tijuana River Valley and greater wastewater infrastructure systems to improve water quality conditions.
4. The proclamation of existence of a local emergency shall be deemed to continue to exist until its termination is proclaimed by the City Council of the City of Coronado, and it shall be terminated at the earliest possible date that conditions warrant. The Council shall review this emergency at least once every sixty days.
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Council of the City of Coronado, California, at a regular meeting thereof this fifth day of May 2026 by the following vote to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
APPROVED:
____________________________________
JOHN D. DUNCAN, Mayor of the
City of Coronado, California
ATTEST:
__________________________________
KELSEA HOLIAN, City Clerk of the
City of Coronado, California
Item 8.g
April 24, 2026
Members of the City Council, Ms. Friend, and Ms. Canlas:
Pursuant to the City Council Policy #2, I am requesting that an item be placed on the City Council agenda for discussion and possible action prior to Memorial Day regarding extending the hours of Permit Parking to be from 1:00 - 8:00 pm (currently 4:00-8:00 pm) and updating the two related Permit Parking signs in Spreckels Park to reflect the same for those specific spaces that are utilized Coronado Promenade Concerts. Also, requesting the signs be updated to reflect the limitation of Memorial Day through Labor Day.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
John Duncan
Mayor
Item 8.h
April 27, 2026
Members of the City Council, Ms. Friend, and Ms. Canlas:
At the April 21, 2025 City Council meeting, under Item 8(c) Council directed staff to send City letters in support or in opposition to bills currently working the way through the California legislature. Pursuant to the City Council Policy #9, I am requesting reconsideration of a matter upon which the City Council has voted, with the intent to direct staff to prepare a letter of support for Assembly Bill 2484 (Alvarez) (SB 2484) rather than a letter in opposition which was the Council’s direction on April 21st.
Reconsideration will allow Councilmember Steward to participate in the policy discussion, and me to present additional information to address the concerns raised by Mayor Duncan and Councilmember Fleming.
AB 2484 is enabling legislation for a San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) qualified voter initiative to charge up to .05% sales tax for Transit projects. If the voters ultimately pass a sales tax measure, the amount would be excluded from the combined local rate limit in the Revenue and Taxation Code.
Coronado City Councilmembers serve as governing board members of the MTS Board of Directors. Coronado has a long history of working within MTS to develop policies and programs to benefit Coronado residents and the region as a whole. After two years of public outreach the MTS Board of Directors voted to raise customer rates and consolidate routes to address the near term budget shortfall. Coronado has been asked to support AB 2484, which is required if MTS or the voters wish at a future date to seek voter approval for additional long term transit funding. I believe Coronado should support MTS’ request.
Sincerely,
Carrie Downey
Carrie Downey
Mayor Pro Tem
Attachments:
1) AB 2484 current language
2) MTS December 29, 2025 Letter to SANDAG
Item 8.i
ASSEMBLY BILL NO. 2484
Bill Text: CA AB2484 | 2025-2026 | Regular Session | Amended California Assembly Bill 2484
Bill Title: San Diego Metropolitan Transit System: transactions and use tax: voter initiatives.
Sponsorship: Partisan Bill (Democrat 3)
Status: (Introduced) 2026-04-23 - From committee: Do pass and re-refer to Com. on APPR. (Ayes 8. Noes 2.) (April 22). Re-referred to Com. on APPR. [AB2484 Detail]
Download: California-2025-AB2484-Amended.html
AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY MARCH 24, 2026
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE— 2025–2026 REGULAR SESSION
Introduced by Assembly Member Alvarez
(Coauthor: Assembly Member Ward)
February 20, 2026
An act to amend Sections 120480, 120481, 120485, and 120486 of, and to repeal Section 120482 of, the Public Utilities Code, relating to transportation.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 2484, as amended, Alvarez. San Diego Metropolitan Transit System: transactions and use tax: voter initiatives.
The Mills-Deddeh Transit Development Act establishes the San Diego Metropolitan Transit Development Board, also known as the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS), governed by a 15-member board with specified powers and duties related to the operation of public transit services in the southern portion of the County of San Diego. The act authorizes MTS to impose a transactions and use tax of up to 0.5% for public transit purposes within its jurisdiction, or a portion of its jurisdiction, pursuant to the Transactions and Use Tax Law and subject to voter approval and various other requirements.
This bill would also authorize those taxes to be imposed by a qualified voter initiative. To the extent that the bill would impose additional duties on a county elections official, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program.
The Transactions and Use Tax Law limits the combined rate of all taxes that may be imposed in accordance with that law in any county to 2%.
This bill would prohibit the tax rate of 0.5% described above that may be imposed by MTS or a qualified voter initiative from being considered for purposes of the combined rate limit under the Transactions and Use Tax Law.
The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state.
Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that, if the Commission on State Mandates determines that the bill contains costs mandated by the state, reimbursement for those costs shall be made pursuant to the statutory provisions noted above.
Attachment 1
Item 8.i
Digest Key
Vote: majority Appropriation: no Fiscal Committee: yes Local Program: yes Bill Text
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:
(a) The San Diego Metropolitan Transit System, also referred to as MTS, provides public transit services to the urbanized areas of the County of San Diego, including 10 cities and a portion of the unincorporated areas of the county, serving approximately 3,000,000 people in the County of San Diego.
(b) MTS connects to other local and regional transportation systems in southern California. (c) The MTS transit network is a critical component of the overall transportation network in the County of San Diego, and as such MTS has aggressively taken steps to improve and optimize public transportation for the benefit of all communities in the County of San Diego.
(d) Through these improvements, MTS has realized a strong transit ridership recovery, having recovered more than 95 percent of its ridership compared to pre-COVID-19 levels and recording 81.1 million trips in the 2025–26 fiscal year. (e) MTS has prioritized ridership recovery lost from the COVID-19 pandemic, rising eight spots nationwide to the 13th ranked system on ridership as of the 2025–26 fiscal year.
(f) While MTS has seen success and ridership growth since the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still experiencing a structural deficit and approaching what is commonly known as the transit fiscal cliff in 2030. (g) Since the COVID-19 pandemic, MTS has seen the onset of a fiscal cliff due to reasons such as regaining lost ridership from the pandemic, rising workforce costs, higher operating expenses, flat sales tax revenues, and limited local funding. (h) MTS has developed a comprehensive financial sustainability strategy to delay its fiscal cliff to the 2030–31 fiscal year. This includes delaying noncritical infrastructure improvements, finding more sources of nonfare revenue, such as advertising and property leases, extending timelines for pension bond payments, exploring fare increase opportunities, and more. (i) Also, as part of the financial sustainability strategy, MTS is pursuing a Comprehensive Operational Analysis to analyze MTS services and to provide strategic data necessary for making decisions on major network changes, while also exploring viability of a local revenue measure in 2028.
(j) The County of San Diego is at the forefront of housing expansion and leads the state in housing production per capita. MTS has contributed to regional housing goals in the County of San Diego with its own Transit-Oriented Development Program with a focus on affordable housing. MTS has built 476 homes since 2019, is under construction on 79 homes, has 147 homes at the permitting and financing stage, and has 929 homes in the negotiation stage. (k) Continuing this housing growth requires robust transit service to match and ultimately grow with the region to sustain the needs of its residents, particularly those who are transit dependent, of which 78 percent of MTS ridership is classified. (l) Public transit is of regional and local benefit, serving both regional and local trips for residents of all income levels. As of the most recent customer survey, more than two-thirds of current MTS riders are using bus and trolley services primarily to access jobs or education.
(m) MTS plays a vital role in transportation access to major events, conventions, and sports and entertainment venues in the San Diego region, including Comic-Con, Snapdragon Stadium, and Petco Park, enabling residents, workers, and visitors to attend sporting events and other large-scale gatherings while reducing traffic congestion, parking demand, and greenhouse gas emissions. In the 2025–26 fiscal year, MTS provided roughly over 1,000,000 trips to special events in the San Diego region. (n) The County of San Diego needs a world-class, reliable, affordable, and connected transportation network that meets the needs of San Diego residents, businesses, and visitors while also helping combat the climate crisis. Furthermore, MTS serves as a critical binational economic connector between the United States and Mexico at the busiest land port of entry in the Western Hemisphere. MTS carries more than one-half of the pedestrians crossing every day at the Otay Mesa and San Ysidro ports of entry. (o) The County of San Diego needs a public transit network that offers safe, clean, frequent, accessible, easy-to-navigate, and reliable service that gets transit riders where they want and need to go safely, affordably, quickly, and seamlessly. (p) Preserving, improving, and expanding public transit to ensure a world-class transit network is critical to enhance access to opportunity, lower emissions of greenhouse gases, strengthen the region’s economy, support increased housing production, and improve quality of life.
(q) To achieve these goals, local funding is critical to sustaining and improving public transit service in the County of San Diego for future generations to come.
Attachment 1
Item 8.i
(r) This act is critical to ensure ample time for planning and preparation in advance of a local funding initiative effort.
SECTION 1.SEC. 2. Section 120480 of the Public Utilities Code is amended to read:
120480. (a) (1) A retail transactions and use tax ordinance applicable to the entirety of, or a portion of, the incorporated and unincorporated territory within the area of the board pursuant to Section 120054 shall be imposed by the board in accordance with Section 120485, the Transactions and Use Tax Law (Part 1.6 (commencing with Section 7251) of Division 2 of the Revenue and Taxation Code), and Section 2 of Article XIII C of the California Constitution. The county shall conduct an election called by the board pursuant to this paragraph in the same manner as provided by law for the conduct of elections by a county. (2) Notwithstanding Section 9300 of the Elections Code or any other law, the retail transactions and use tax ordinance described in paragraph (1) may also be imposed by a qualified voter initiative pursuant to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 9300) of Division 9 of the Elections Code and in accordance with Section 120485 and the Transactions and Use Tax Law (Part 1.6 (commencing with Section 7251) of Division 2 of the Revenue and Taxation Code). (b) The tax ordinance shall take effect at the close of the polls on the day of election at which the proposition is adopted. The initial collection of the transactions and use tax shall take place in accordance with Section 120483. (c) If, at any time, the voters do not approve the imposition of the transactions and use tax, this chapter remains in full force and effect. At any time thereafter, the same, or a different, measure may be submitted to the voters by the board or a qualified voter initiative in accordance with this chapter.
(d) The portion of the area of the board to which the tax would apply shall be determined by the board or the qualified voter initiative, as applicable, before the electors vote on the measure. (e) If the tax only applies to a portion of an area of the board, both of the following shall apply:
(1) (A) The incorporated area of each city and of contiguous cities within the area of the board shall be either wholly included within that portion or wholly excluded from that portion. For purposes of this subparagraph, “contiguous cities” means two or more cities with shared borders.
(B) The entire unincorporated area of the board shall either be wholly included within that portion or wholly excluded from that portion.
(2) (A) The board shall not enter into a construction contract over one million dollars ($1,000,000) that would be in part or wholly financed through the tax with any entity unless the entity provides to the board an enforceable commitment that the entity and its subcontractors at every tier will use a skilled and trained workforce to perform all work on the project or a contract that falls within an apprenticeship occupation in the building and construction trades in accordance with Chapter 2.9 (commencing with Section 2600) of Part 1 of Division 2 of the Public Contract Code.
(B) This paragraph shall not apply if any of the following requirements are met:
(i) The board has entered into a project labor agreement that will bind all contractors and subcontractors performing work on the project.
(ii) The board has contracted to use a skilled and trained workforce and the entity has agreed to be bound by that project labor agreement.
(iii) The project or contract is being performed under the extension or renewal of a project labor agreement that was entered into by the board before January 1, 2019.
(iv) The entity has entered into a project labor agreement that will bind the entity and all its subcontractors at every tier performing the project or the entity has contracted to use a skilled and trained workforce. (C) For purposes of this paragraph, “project labor agreement” has the same meaning as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 2500 of the Public Contract Code.
(f) The revenues derived from the tax shall be spent within, or for the benefit of, the portion of the area of the board to which the tax applies, and shall be spent only on transportation and transit infrastructure and services. (g) Any revenues derived from the tax shall supplement, and not supplant, other transportation revenues available to the portion of the area of the board to which the tax applies.
SEC. 2.SEC. 3. Section 120481 of the Public Utilities Code is amended to read:
120481. (a) The ordinance shall state the nature of the tax to be imposed, the tax rate or the maximum tax rate, the purposes for which the revenue derived from the tax will be used, the portion of the area of the board to which the tax would apply, and may set a term during which the tax will be imposed. The purposes for which the tax revenues may be used shall be limited to public transit purposes serving the area of jurisdiction of the board, including the administration of this division and legal actions related thereto.
These purposes include expenditures for planning, environmental reviews, engineering and design costs, and related right-of-way acquisition. The ordinance shall contain an expenditure plan that shall include the allocation of revenues for the purposes authorized by this section.
Attachment 1
Item 8.i
(b) As used in this section, “public transit purposes” includes the public transit responsibilities under the jurisdiction of the board and any repair, redesign, or ongoing maintenance of a right-of-way upon which transit is intended to travel, or any bikeway, bicycle path, sidewalk, trail, pedestrian access, or pedestrian accessway.
SEC. 3.SEC. 4. Section 120482 of the Public Utilities Code is repealed.
SEC. 4.SEC. 5. Section 120485 of the Public Utilities Code is amended to read:
120485. (a) Subject to the approval of the voters within the portion of the county to which the tax would apply, a maximum tax rate of one-half of 1 percent may be imposed under this article and the Transactions and Use Tax Law (Part 1.6 (commencing with Section 7251) of Division 2 of the Revenue and Taxation Code). The tax at a rate other than one-half or one-fourth of 1 percent shall not be levied unless specifically authorized by the Legislature. (b) A retail transactions and use tax may be imposed pursuant to subdivision (a) that, in combination with all taxes imposed in accordance with Part 1.6 (commencing with Section 7251) of Division 2 of the Revenue and Taxation Code, exceeds the limit established in Section 7251.1 of the Revenue and Taxation Code. (c) Notwithstanding Section 7251.1 of the Revenue and Taxation Code, the tax rate authorized pursuant to this section shall not be considered for purposes of the combined rate limit established by Section 7251.1 of the Revenue and Taxation Code.
SEC. 5.SEC. 6. Section 120486 of the Public Utilities Code is amended to read:
120486. The board or a qualified voter initiative, as part of the ballot proposition to approve the imposition of a retail transactions and use tax, may seek authorization to issue bonds payable from the proceeds of the tax.
SEC. 6.SEC. 7. If the Commission on State Mandates determines that this act contains costs mandated by the state, reimbursement to local agencies and school districts for those costs shall be made pursuant to Part 7 (commencing with Section 17500) of Division 4 of Title 2 of the Government Code.
Attachment 1
Item 8.i
Attachment 2
Item 8.i