AGENDA
JOINT MEETING OF THE COTATI CITY COUNCIL AND THE SUCCESSOR
AGENCY TO THE FORMER COTATI COMMUNITY REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY City Council Chamber, City Hall 201 W. Sierra Avenue
Tuesday March 28, 2023
6:00 PM REGULAR MEETING
The Cotati City Council welcomes you to its meetings that are generally scheduled for the 2nd and 4th Tuesday of every month. Your interest and participation are encouraged and appreciated.
City Council meeting agendas, minutes, and recordings are posted on the City’s Meeting Portal at www.cotaticity.org.
For questions about the agenda of to receive the City Council agenda by email, contact the Deputy City Clerk at [email protected] or (707) 665-3622.
Cotati City Council Meetings will be conducted in person in the Council Chamber, and, as a courtesy, participate virtually through Zoom Online video conferencing, and will be available to watch or listen in the following ways:
1. Using the following online livestream meeting portal link: http://cotaticityca.iqm2.com/citizens/default.aspx;
2. Cable T.V. Broadcast, local channel 28
Members of the public can participate in the meeting online by clicking the link below:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87120950155?pwd=Qm9DdTFTcVllamFCam9qbXcyL3VlQT09 If you do not have the ability to join online, but would like to participate in the meeting, you can call into the meeting using your telephone, by dialing one of the following numbers and entering the meeting credentials:
Webinar ID: 871 2095 0155
Passcode: 501565
+1 (669) 900-6833 or +1 (346) 248-7799 or +1 (253) 215-8782 or +1 (301) 715-8592 or +1 (312) 626-6799 or +1 (929) 436-2866
Attendees may join the meeting any time after 5:45pm. Attendees will be muted until they are called upon for Public Comment. To make a public comment, use the “raise hand” icon on your smart device or desktop computer, or dial *9 if you are using just your telephone. Please listen carefully for the Mayor or City Clerk to address you by name (or phone number) and for the audible Zoom notification that you have been unmuted. Once you begin your public comment, your three minutes will begin.
If you would prefer to submit your public comment in writing, please email your comments to [email protected]. If you are commenting on a specific agenda item or items, please state the agenda item number(s) in the subject line of the email. All comments received via email will be provided to the City Council or Planning Commission in writing and included as part of the record of the meeting. ###
Notice is hereby given that Council may discuss and/or take action on any or all of the items listed on this agenda.
Any writings or documents provided to a majority of the Cotati City Council regarding any item on this agenda will be made available for inspection in the online Meeting Portal at http://cotaticityca.iqm2.com/Citizens/calendar.aspx and in the City Manager’s office located at 201 West Sierra Ave, Cotati, CA during the City’s posted business hours.
Cotati City Council Agenda March 28, 2023
Disabled Accommodations: Upon request, this agenda will be made available in appropriate formats to persons with disabilities as required by Section 202 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Any person with a disability who requires a modification or accommodation in order to participate in a meeting should contact the Deputy City Clerk at [email protected], or (707) 665-3622, at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting.
Closed Captioning/Live Transcription: This meeting will be transcribed live via the Zoom platform. Zoom attendees running Zoom version 5.0.2 or higher will be able to see the transcription at the bottom of their personal Zoom screen.
Learn more at https://support.zoom.us by searching “closed captions.” Rules of Decorum: To avoid distraction, the following meeting etiquette shall be enforced. • Silence electronic devices, including cell phones.
• Audience members are advised to keep conversations to a minimum of conduct them outside the building. • Photographs or video recordings using tri-pods or other means that would be distracting are to be taken only from the designated media area.
• The Presiding Officer shall request that the audience withhold expressions of support or opposition for speakers in the interest of time and to encourage the full expression of differing views. (City Council Policy 2021-01 III.B.1.)
Public Comment (Action Items): Public comment on any one agenda item where the City Council will be taking some action is limited to no more than three (3) minutes per person. Action items are typically designated on the agenda title.
Public Comment (Non-Action Items): Public comment on non-action agenda items shall be received during the designated portion of the agenda. Comments shall be limited to no more than three (3) minutes for all non-action agenda items.
Waiver Warning: If you challenge decisions/direction of the City Council of the City of Cotati in court, you may be limited to raising only those issues you or someone else raised at public hearing(s) described in this agenda, or in written correspondence delivered to the City of Cotati at, or prior to, the public hearing(s).
City Council meetings are conducted according to City Council Policy 2021-01: City Council Rules. This policy is available for inspection in the online Meeting Portal at www.cotaticity.org and in the City Manager’s office located at 201 West Sierra Ave, Cotati, CA, during the City’s posted business hours.
Those wishing to address the Council are asked to complete a speaker card and give it to the Deputy City Clerk. When you are called, step to the podium and state your name and address for the record. Persons wishing to address the Council are not required to identify themselves or complete a speaker card; (Gov’t Code § 54953.3); however, this information assists the Mayor by ensuring that all persons wishing to address the Council are recognized and it assists the Deputy City Clerk in preparing the City Council meeting minutes.
1. CALL TO ORDER
Members of the public may participate in the meeting via Zoom by pasting the following link into your web browser:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87120950155?pwd=Qm9DdTFTcVllamFCam9qbXcyL3V lQT09
2. ROLL CALL
3. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND NOTICE OF WAIVING OF READING OF ALL
RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES INTRODUCED AND/OR ADOPTED
UNDER THIS AGENDA (ACTION)
A. COTATI CITY COUNCIL - REGULAR MEETING - MAR 14, 2023 6:00 PM Cotati City Council Agenda March 28, 2023
5. ANNOUNCEMENTS
A. Meeting Orientation for New Attendees/Viewers. In conformance with the Brown Act and the adopted City Council Rules, the meeting agenda includes items labeled as Action Items, where the City Council will consider the item and citizens are afforded the opportunity to provide comments relevant to the item being discussed. The meeting agenda also includes a Citizens Business item, which is the designated place on the agenda where citizens have the right to say whatever they wish.
The City Council may, or may not, choose to respond to comments, as the Government Code allows. However, if the City Council declines to respond, it should not be perceived as giving credence to or agreeing with any statements that the City Council or its members believe are incorrect, misinformed or purposefully biased.
B. Measure S supports police services, a variety of recreation programs for all ages, and the maintenance of our streets, parks, and public buildings. See details on the web at cotaticity.org
C. Citizens interested in receiving City of Cotati community alerts via text or email are encouraged to sign up with Nixle by downloading the Everbridge app from the IOS or Android app store or by texting your zip code (94931) to 888777.
D. The City has vacancies on the Planning Commission and Sonoma County Library Commission. See details on how to apply under “Latest News” at cotaticity.org.
E.. Like always, we love to hear from you, so please feel free to contact the City at 707- 792-4600 or [email protected]. If you have a non-emergency issue after normal business hours, you can contact us at 707-792-4611 and of course if you have an emergency, please contact 9-1-1. Continue to look for updates on the City's website and social media channels available on Facebook, Instagram, and Nixle.
6. APPROVAL OF FINAL AGENDA (ACTION)
7. CITIZEN BUSINESS AND PUBLIC COMMENT FOR CONSENT CALENDAR ITEMS
Any member of the public wishing to speak to the Council on any item(s) listed on the Consent Calendar or any matter(s) not listed on the agenda that are within the subject matter jurisdiction of the Council may do so at this time. Pursuant to the Brown Act, the Council is not allowed to consider issues or take action on any item not listed on the agenda during this period. Pursuant to City Council Policy 2021-01, comments of any member of the public are normally restricted to a total of three (3) minutes in length per person for matters not on the agenda and a total of three (3) minutes per person in length for any and all items on the Consent Calendar.
The Mayor may extend the time limit for a reasonable time where a disability accommodation has been requested.
8. CONSENT CALENDAR (ACTION)
A. LETTER OF OPPOSITION TO SB 423
It is recommended that the City Council receive a report about the Cal Cities Action Request and resulting mayoral letter sent in opposition to SB 423 (Wiener).
Cotati City Council Agenda March 28, 2023
B. MAIN FLUSHING AND WATER TREATMENT SERVICES FOR THE
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
It is recommended the City of Cotati City Council by motion approve a second amendment to the Standard Service Agreement with No-Des, Inc., for purchase of additional filters used for the water main flushing services.
C. AWARD CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR THE COMMUNITY CENTER
DANCE STUDIO REPAIRS PROJECT
It is recommended the City of Cotati City Council by Motion award construction contracts for the Community Center Dance Studio Repairs Project to M3 Integrated Services and United Mechanical and authorize the City Manager to execute any required amendments for both the construction contracts or the related construction management agreement and authorize a total not to exceed budget for the Dance Studio Repairs effort of $50,000.
D. PURCHASE OF A THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) SCANNER
TECHNOLOGY/EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE TO RECORD AND
DOCUMENT CRIME SCENE AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS.
It is recommended that the Cotati City Council by motion approve the purchase of a FARO Focus Core USA Model LS9-LU-TAA 3D Crime Scene/Accident Investigation Equipment and Associated Software, authorizing the City Manager to execute all documents necessary to complete the purchase.
E. RESCINDING ENACTMENT OF STAGE 1 (20%) OF THE CITY'S WATER
SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN AND CONTINUED COMPLIANCE
WITH STATE'S EMERGENCY DROUGHT REGULATIONS
It is recommended the City of Cotati City Council adopt a resolution 1) rescinding the May 25, 2021, enactment of voluntary Stage I of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, and 2) direct staff to comply with the State Water Board's Emergency Drought Regulations, adopted following Governor Newsom's proclamation of a drought state of emergency for all counties in California, as it pertains to Community Water Systems, for the duration the State emergency regulation is in effect.
9. DIRECTION ON FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
10. PUBLIC HEARINGS (ACTION)
A. 2023 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AND THE ASSOCIATED GENERAL
PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT (EIR) ADDENDUM
Based on the analysis and findings in the staff report and the attached resolutions, the Community Development Department and the Planning Commission recommend that the City Council adopt the Resolution approving an Addendum to the City of Cotati General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in connection with the 2023-2031 Housing Element Update, and the Resolution approving the 2023-2031 Housing Element Update.
Cotati City Council Agenda March 28, 2023
11. REGULAR AGENDA (ACTION)
A. 2022 HOUSING ANNUAL PRODUCTION REPORT (APR) AND
INFORMATIONAL UPDATE
It is recommended by the Community Development Department that the City Council receive the 2022 Housing Annual Production Report (APR), provide any comments, concerns or direction to staff and file the report.
12. CITY MANAGER'S REPORT
13. CITY COUNCIL MEMBER REPORTS
14. PUBLIC COMMENT ON NON-ACTION AGENDA ITEMS
15. INFORMATION RECEIVED AFTER THE AGENDA WAS POSTED
Information or written comments pertaining to this meeting, and which was received after the agenda was posted, is attached below.
16. ADJOURNMENT
Certification of Posting of the Notice: I declare under penalty of perjury that I am employed by the City of Cotati and that I posted this notice on the City's website, bulletin boards of City Hall, Veterans' Memorial Building and the SMART Train Depot, on or before March 24, 2023.
/s/ Kevin Patterson, Deputy City Clerk
MINUTES
JOINT MEETING OF THE COTATI CITY COUNCIL AND THE SUCCESSOR
AGENCY TO THE FORMER COTATI COMMUNITY REDEVELOPMENT AGENCY City Council Chamber, City Hall 201 W. Sierra Avenue
Tuesday March 14, 2023
6:00 PM REGULAR MEETING
1. CALL TO ORDER
Mayor Harvey called the meeting to order at 6:00pm.
2. ROLL CALL
Attendee Name Title Status
Susan Harvey Mayor Present
Laura Sparks Vice Mayor Present
Ben Ford Councilmember Present
Sylvia Lemus Councilmember Present
Kay Rivers Councilmember Present
Staff present: City Attorney John Bakker, City Manager Damien O’Bid, Director of Public Works/City Engineer Craig Scott, Director of Administrative Services Angela Courter, Director of Community Development Noah Housh, Permit Technician Carla Duncan.
3. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND NOTICE OF WAIVING OF READING OF ALL
RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES INTRODUCED AND/OR ADOPTED
UNDER THIS AGENDA (ACTION)
RESULT: ACCEPTED [UNANIMOUS]
MOVER: Ben Ford, Councilmember
SECONDER: Laura Sparks, Vice Mayor
AYES: Harvey, Sparks, Ford, Lemus, Rivers
A. COTATI CITY COUNCIL - SPECIAL MEETING - FEB 24, 2023 3:00 PM B. COTATI CITY COUNCIL - REGULAR MEETING - FEB 28, 2023 6:00 PM C. COTATI CITY COUNCIL - SPECIAL JOINT MEETING - MAR 6, 2023 7:00 PM
5. ANNOUNCEMENTS
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Minutes Acceptance: Minutes of Mar 14, 2023 6:00 PM (APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND NOTICE OF WAIVING OF READING OF ALL Cotati City Council Minutes March 14, 2023
A. Meeting Orientation for New Attendees/Viewers. In conformance with the Brown Act and the adopted City Council Rules, the meeting agenda includes items labeled as Action Items, where the City Council will consider the item and citizens are afforded the opportunity to provide comments relevant to the item being discussed. The meeting agenda also includes a Citizens Business item, which is the designated place on the agenda where citizens have the right to say whatever they wish.
The City Council may, or may not, choose to respond to comments, as the Government Code allows. However, if the City Council declines to respond, it should not be perceived as giving credence to or agreeing with any statements that the City Council or its members believe are incorrect, misinformed or purposefully biased.
B. Measure S supports police services, a variety of recreation programs for all ages, and the maintenance of our streets, parks, and public buildings. See details on the web at cotaticity.org
C. Citizens interested in receiving City of Cotati community alerts via text or email are encouraged to sign up with Nixle by downloading the Everbridge app from the IOS or Android app store or by texting your zip code (94931) to 888777.
D. Like always, we love to hear from you, so please feel free to contact the City at 707- 792-4600 or [email protected]. If you have a non-emergency issue after normal business hours, you can contact us at 707-792-4611 and of course if you have an emergency, please contact 9-1-1. Continue to look for updates on the City's website and social media channels available on Facebook, Instagram, Nixle, and Nextdoor.
6. PROCLAMATIONS
A. PROCLAMATION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COTATI -
NATIONAL SURVEYOR'S WEEK
Bruce John accepted the proclamation on behalf of the National Society for Professional Surveyors, the California Land Surveyors Association, and the Sonoma Chapter of the California Land Surveyors Association.
B. PROCLAMATION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COTATI FOR AMERICAN RED CROSS MONTH 2023
Kelly Bradshaw accepted the proclamation on behalf of the American Red Cross.
7. APPROVAL OF FINAL AGENDA (ACTION)
No changes.
Public Comment:
Laurie Alderman of Cotati
8. CITIZEN BUSINESS AND PUBLIC COMMENT FOR CONSENT CALENDAR ITEMS
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Minutes Acceptance: Minutes of Mar 14, 2023 6:00 PM (APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND NOTICE OF WAIVING OF READING OF ALL Cotati City Council Minutes March 14, 2023
No public comment.
9. CONSENT CALENDAR (ACTION)
RESULT: ADOPTED [UNANIMOUS]
MOVER: Ben Ford, Councilmember
SECONDER: Sylvia Lemus, Councilmember
AYES: Harvey, Sparks, Ford, Lemus, Rivers
Vice Mayor Sparks requested to pull item 9C for further discussion.
A. APPROVAL OF 2023 LA BONITA CHIKI-BONITO CHILDREN & FAMILY FESTIVAL IN LA PLAZA PARK ON APRIL 30, 2023.
B. APPROVAL OF 2023 THE YARD MARKET EVENTS IN LA PLAZA PARK. 9C. DASH CAMERA AGREEMENT FOR POLICE ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Presentation by City Manager Damien O’Bid.
Councilmembers comment
After receiving an email from the equipment vendor, item was continued to the end of the regular calendar to allow City Manager O’Bid time to review and answer questions from Council on the pricing/inclusion of Automated License Plate Reader subscription services. City Attorney Bakker confirmed the move was allowable.
10. DIRECTION ON FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
None.
11. REGULAR AGENDA (ACTION)
A. REVIEW OF PROPOSED SONOMA WATER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2023-24
RESULT: APPROVED [UNANIMOUS]
MOVER: Ben Ford, Councilmember
SECONDER: Sylvia Lemus, Councilmember
AYES: Harvey, Sparks, Ford, Lemus, Rivers
Presentation by Director of Public Works/City Engineer Craig Scott, and Jake Spaulding and Lynne Rosselli of Sonoma Water.
Councilmembers comment.
No public comment.
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Minutes Acceptance: Minutes of Mar 14, 2023 6:00 PM (APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND NOTICE OF WAIVING OF READING OF ALL Cotati City Council Minutes March 14, 2023
Council approved a motion directing the City's Water Advisory Committee member to endorse the proposed Sonoma County Water Agency FY 2023-24 Water Transmission System budget.
B. DISCUSSION ON CITY INVESTMENTS AND MANAGEMENT
Presentation by Director of Administrative Services Angela Courter and David Bilby of Optum Investment Partners.
Councilmembers comment.
No public comment.
Council expressed support and moving forward with the proposed investment approach, and bringing back the investment policy to a future meeting.
C. DASH CAMERA AGREEMENT FOR POLICE ELECTRIC VEHICLES
RESULT: ADOPTED [4 TO 1]
MOVER: Laura Sparks, Vice Mayor
SECONDER: Kay Rivers, Councilmember
AYES: Sparks, Ford, Lemus, Rivers
NAYS: Harvey
Item was pulled from the Consent Calendar for further discussion.
Presentation by City Manager Damien O'Bid
Councilmembers comment.
No public comment.
After a discussion on Automated License Plate Readers and the pros/cons of the technology, Vice Mayor Sparks motioned to approve the contract without the ALPR subscription included. Motion passed 4-1.
12. CITY MANAGER'S REPORT
Report by City Manager Damien O'Bid.
13. CITY COUNCIL MEMBER REPORTS
Councilmembers report out on local and regional meetings and events.
14. PUBLIC COMMENT ON NON-ACTION AGENDA ITEMS
No public comment.
15. CLOSED SESSION
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Minutes Acceptance: Minutes of Mar 14, 2023 6:00 PM (APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND NOTICE OF WAIVING OF READING OF ALL Cotati City Council Minutes March 14, 2023
Mayor Harvey adjourned the meeting to closed session.
A. CONFERENCE WITH REAL PROPERTY NEGOTIATOR PURSUANT
TO GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 54956.8. PROPERTY: 147 ST. JOSEPH WAY, COTATI. CITY NEGOTIATOR: CITY MANAGER. NEGOTIATING PARTY: COTATI HOTEL, LLC. UNDER NEGOTIATION: TERMS OF
PAYMENT OF SALE OF PROPERTY.
16. REPORT OUT OF CLOSED SESSION
Mayor Harvey announced there was nothing to report out of closed session.
17. INFORMATION RECEIVED AFTER THE AGENDA WAS POSTED
A. INFORMATION RECEIVED AFTER THE AGENDA WAS POSTED
18. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Harvey adjourned the meeting at 9:09pm.
/s/ Kevin Patterson, Deputy City Clerk
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Minutes Acceptance: Minutes of Mar 14, 2023 6:00 PM (APPROVAL OF MINUTES AND NOTICE OF WAIVING OF READING OF ALL Cotati City Council
Agenda Staff Report
Item type: CONSENT CALENDAR (ACTION)
To: City Council
Subject: Letter of Opposition to SB 423
Date: March 28, 2023
Written by: Damien O'Bid, City Manager
Recommendation
It is recommended that the City Council receive a report about the Cal Cities Action Request and resulting mayoral letter sent in opposition to SB 423 (Wiener).
Background
Cal Cities, of which the City of Cotati is a member, actively tracks new legislation and ballot initiatives and often takes a position on the proposed legislation if they are believed to affect California cities. Periodically, Cal Cities will send out an “Action Alert” on pending legislation that, if signed into law, is believed to have a substantially negative or positive effect on communities throughout California. The Action Alert is a call to write letters of support or opposition and/or call our state legislators.
The City Council Rules allows the mayor to sign letters of support or opposition requested by Cal Cities if there is insufficient time to bring it to the full City Council. In this case, the proposed vote in the California State Assembly is slated for the week ending March 24th, so unfortunately there was not sufficient time to bring to the letter to the full City Council prior to the planned legislative action.
Analysis/Discussion
As currently written SB 423 performs the following functions:
1. Removes the 2026 sunset and makes SB 35 statutes permanent.
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2. Applies SB 35 provisions to cities that have not been found in substantial compliance with housing element law by the department.
3. Expands SB 35 provisions to developments in the Coastal Zone.
4. Allows the state to approve housing developments on property they own or lease without being required to follow local zoning and development standards.
5. Prohibits a city from enforcing its inclusionary housing ordinance if the income limits are higher than those in SB 35.
City officials intimately understand the housing crisis playing out in our communities every day.
Cotati is working on a local and regional level to find creative solutions for homes of all income levels and strive to achieve Functional Zero homelessness in Sonoma County using a housing first model. Cotati is an active partner in the Continuum of Care which is a regional effort designed to promote a community‐wide commitment to the goal of ending homelessness, provide funding for efforts to quickly re‐house individuals and families who are homeless, which minimizes the trauma and dislocation caused by homelessness, promote access to and effective use of mainstream programs, and optimize self‐sufficiency among individuals and families experiencing homelessness.
Provided attached is the email received from Cal Cities as well as the Cal Cities provided template letter of opposition which was slightly modified to include actions taken by the City to address homelessness. This letter was signed by the Mayor and distributed as requested by Cal Cities.
A summary of the requests made from the City and Cal Cities to the Legislature includes making a permanent funding of $3 billion annually for cities to help more Californians find homes by spurring needed housing production, providing support to those who are experiencing homelessness, and prevent others from losing existing housing. Additionally, the letter requests that the State paydown the existing unreimbursed claims to local governments of almost $1 billion. It further emphasizes opposition of actions taken to mitigate the State budget deficit with reduced or eliminated funding to local governments. This short-term strategy, as it was implemented in the past, only creates additional financial challenges at a local level that jeopardize critical services to our residents.
Financial Considerations
Direct impacts are currently not quantifiable due to possible multiple impacts on future
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development within the City. Alternatively, if the State considers the requests made for paydown balances due to the City for State mandated programs, the City could see some minor inflow of resources primarily back to the General Fund.
Environmental Issues
This action is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) because it is not a project which has a potential for resulting in either a direct physical change in the environment, or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, pursuant to CEQA Guideline section 15378.
Attachments:
League of CA Cities - Cal Cities Request for Action(PDF) Cal Cities - SB423 (Wiener) Oppose Letter (PDF)
Cotati - SB 423 (Wiener) Letter in Opposition (PDF)
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Members of the North Bay Division:
The Legislative season is underway! Please be aware of the eight Cal Cities sponsored bills and Find out Which of the 2,600 new bills will impact cities? Below you will find a specific request to oppose SB 423 (Weiner) which would greatly expand SB 35 (Weiner), signed into law in 2017 despite strong opposition from Cal Cities. Cal Cities Letter of opposition and a sample letter for your consideration is attached. Further, Please be aware that this bill will be voted in committee next week. If you are represented by Senator Mike McGuire, please consider calling his office in addition to sending a letter ahead of his vote in committee.
Thank you for your partnership,
Nancy
P.S. A huge thank you to the over twenty cities in the North Bay for supporting my request to oppose the Ca Business Roundtable initiative that is on the 2024 November Ballot!
OPPOSE SB 423 (Wiener)
Streamlined housing approvals: multifamily housing developments:
SB 35 (Chapter 366, Statutes of 2017) expansion.
Background: In 2017, the Legislature passed, and the Governor signed SB 35. This law makes the approval of multifamily developments, many of which meet inadequate criteria, “ministerial” actions. As a result, the approval of these developments pre-empts local discretionary land use authority, bypasses the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and ignores public input.
What does SB 423 specifically do?
Removes the 2026 sunset and makes SB 35 statutes permanent.
Applies SB 35 provision to cities that have not been found in substantial compliance with housing element law by the department.
Expands SB 35 provisions to developments in the Coastal Zone.
Allows the state to approve housing developments on property they own or lease without being required to follow local zoning and development standards.
Prohibits a city from enforcing its inclusionary housing ordinance if the income limits are higher than those in SB 35.
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Attachment: League of CA Cities - Cal Cities Request for Action (Opposition Letter for SB 423 (Weiner) and Support Cal Cities Budget Talking points:
• City officials intimately understand the housing crisis as it plays out in their communities every day. Local leaders are working to find creative solutions so homes of all income levels can be built.
• Cities are finalizing local housing plans that will identify sites for more than 2.5 million new homes statewide, all while navigating the state’s annual barrage of overreaching housing bills that have thus far demonstrated limited success. • SB 423 is the latest overreaching bill, and would force cities to approve certain housing projects without regard to the needs of the community, opportunities for environmental review, or public input.
• Instead of continuing to pursue top-down, one-size-fits-all legislation, lawmakers should partner with local officials.
• That’s why YOUR CITY NAME is calling on the Governor and lawmakers to include a $3 billion annual investment in the state budget to help cities prevent and reduce homelessness and spur housing development.
• Targeted, ongoing funding is the only way cities can find community-based solutions that get our residents off the streets and keep them in their homes. • California will never produce the number of homes needed with an increasingly state driven, by-right housing approval process.
• Join me and oppose SB 423 (Wiener).
Nancy Hall Bennett (Ms./She/Her)
Public Affairs Manager, North Bay Division
League of California Cities
(415) 302-2032
[email protected] | www.calcities.org
Twitter │ Facebook │ YouTube │ LinkedIn
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Attachment: League of CA Cities - Cal Cities Request for Action (Opposition Letter for SB 423 (Weiner) and Support Cal Cities Budget 1400 K Street, Suite 400, Sacramento, CA 95814 • 916.658.8200 • calcities.org March 14, 2023
The Honorable Scott Wiener
Chair, Senate Committee on Housing
1021 O Street, Suite 3330
Sacramento, CA 95814
RE: SB 423 (Wiener) Streamlined housing approvals: multifamily housing developments: SB 35 (Chapter 366, Statutes of 2017) Expansion.
Notice of Opposition
Dear Senator Wiener:
The League of California Cities (Cal Cities) writes to express our opposition to your measure, SB 423, which would greatly expand SB 35 (Chapter 366, Statutes of 2017) provisions and eliminate the January 1, 2026 sunset date.
On any given day, newspaper headlines in California and across the nation are highlighting the state’s growing housing supply and affordability crisis. Seven in ten Californians view housing affordability as one of the top problems in their community, and there is growing concern from residents that housing prices are so expensive, younger generations will be priced out of ever being able to buy a home.
City officials intimately understand this crisis as it plays out in their communities every day. Local leaders are working to find creative solutions so homes of all income levels can be built. They’re taking on these difficult and complex tasks, and in many cases successfully planning for more than 2.5 million new homes statewide, all while navigating the state’s annual barrage of overreaching housing bills that have thus far demonstrated limited success.
SB 423 is the latest overreaching bill. This measure would double-down on the recent trend of the state overriding its own mandated local housing plans by forcing cities to approve certain housing projects without regard to the needs of the community, opportunities for environmental review, or public input. While it may be frustrating for some developers to address neighborhood concerns about traffic, parking, and other development impacts, those directly affected by such projects have a right to be heard. Public engagement also often leads to better projects. Not having such outlets will increase public distrust in government and result in additional ballot measures limiting housing development.
Instead of continuing to pursue top-down, one-size-fits-all legislation, lawmakers should partner with local officials. That’s why the League of California Cities is calling on the Governor and lawmakers to include a $3 billion annual investment in the state budget
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Attachment: Cal Cities - SB423 (Wiener) Oppose Letter (Opposition Letter for SB 423 (Weiner) and Support Cal Cities Budget Priorities) to help cities prevent and reduce homelessness and spur housing development.
Targeted, ongoing funding is the only way cities can find community-based solutions that get our residents off the streets and keep them in their homes. California will never produce the number of homes needed with an increasingly state driven, by-right housing approval process. What is really needed is a sustainable state investment that matches the scale of this long-term crisis.
For these reasons, Cal Cities respectfully opposes your measure, SB 423. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me at (916) 658-8264.
Sincerely,
Jason Rhine
Assistant Director, Legislative Affairs
Cc: Members, Senate Committee on Housing
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Attachment: Cal Cities - SB423 (Wiener) Oppose Letter (Opposition Letter for SB 423 (Weiner) and Support Cal Cities Budget Priorities)
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Attachment: Cotati - SB 423 (Wiener) Letter in Opposition (Opposition Letter for SB 423 (Weiner) and Support Cal Cities Budget Priorities)
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Attachment: Cotati - SB 423 (Wiener) Letter in Opposition (Opposition Letter for SB 423 (Weiner) and Support Cal Cities Budget Priorities) Cotati City Council
Agenda Staff Report
Item type:
To: City Council
Subject: Main Flushing and Water Treatment Services for the Water Distribution System Date: March 28, 2023
Written by: Craig Scott, Director of Public Works/City Engineer Recommendation
It is recommended the City of Cotati City Council by motion approve a second amendment to the Standard Service Agreement with No-Des, Inc., for purchase of additional filters used for the water main flushing services.
Background
The City owns and operates a public drinking water system and is regulated by the State Water Resources Control Board. Proper maintenance of the water system requires regular flushing of the distribution system and particularly the pipelines with low points and dead ends. The flushing maintains water clarity and discharges sediment that may collect in the system.
Analysis/Discussion
On October 25, 2022, City Council approved an agreement with No-Des, Inc. to provide main flushing services. The main flushing services provide a close-system water cleaning operation where minimal water is wasted – of heightened importance during the current multi-year drought. On December 13, 2022, mid-way through the flushing operation (5 of the 10 days total), City Council approved additional budget for purchasing 936 more filters than was anticipated.
Those filters were used up and No-Des used 209 additional filters beyond that. The cost is $28 per filter plus tax for a total additional cost beyond what was authorized of $6,408.
Main flushing is providing a critical service to the operation of the distribution system and due to No-Des being in high demand across the country, it is difficult to schedule their services.
However, because they were mobilized, No-Des went ahead and proceeded with the operation.
The flushing was completed on December 16, 2022, and it wasn’t until the final billing that the overage was apparent.
Financial Considerations
The City’s adopted FY22/23 Budget includes $60,000 for main flushing contract services which was based on a prior quote received in 2021. Council subsequently, at Staff request, updated the budget to a revised total of $102,650 based on estimated needs for additional filters.
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A final additional cost for the remaining of $6,408 would increase the total project budget to $109,058. The additional budget would come from reducing budgeted balances available within GL Account 401-00-80000-000000 Materials and Supplies. No impact to the anticipated fund balance is expected.
Environmental Issues
This action is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) because it is not a project which has a potential for resulting in either a direct physical change in the environment, or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, pursuant to CEQA Guideline section 15378.
Attachments:
City of Cotati NO-DES Flushing Invoice 1225 (PDF)
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NO-DES, Inc.
1860 Bosque
Farms Blvd.
Bosque Farms
NM 87068
United States
Invoice
#INV1225
12/27/2022
Late Payments Are Subject To 1 1/2% Interest Per Month
Bill To Ship To TOTAL
City of Cotati
201 W Sierra Ave
Cotati CA 94931-4217
United States
City of Cotati
201 W Sierra Ave
Cotati CA 94931-4217
United States $6,407.94
Due Date: 1/11/2023
Terms Due Date PO # Sales Rep Courier Tracking Number Ship Date Net 15 1/11/2023 Ohm
Kongtang
Qty Item Rate Amount
209 1Micron MultiLayer (OHM)
Polypropylene #2 Size Bag, 1 micron absolute 7" X 32" PLASTIC SURE SEAL, filter bag
(shipped 20 per box)
$28.00 $5,852.00
Subtotal $5,852.00
Tax Total
(9.5%)
$555.94
Remaining balance 11/15/22 - 12/19/22 flushing. Total
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Attachment: City of Cotati NO-DES Flushing Invoice 1225 (Main Flushing Additional Charges) Cotati City Council
Agenda Staff Report
Item type:
To: City Council
Subject: Award Construction Contract for the Community Center Dance Studio Repairs Project
Date: March 28, 2023
Written by: Brianna Steel, Engineering Tech
Recommendation
It is recommended the City of Cotati City Council by Motion award construction contracts for the Community Center Dance Studio Repairs Project to M3 Integrated Services and United Mechanical and authorize the City Manager to execute any required amendments for both the construction contracts or the related construction management agreement and authorize a total not to exceed budget for the Dance Studio Repairs effort of $50,000.
Background
The City’s Capital Plan includes efforts to upgrade and maintain our buildings and facilities.
Recently, the City has completed replacing the roof on the Community Center, approved a contract for the partial window replacement project for City Hall, and has begun the process to replace the Community Center windows.
The Dance Studio, located at the northwest corner of the Civic Center Building has been damaged by water intrusion due to the existing HVAC system. The studio is not available for use until the repairs are completed. As the City currently has a contractor on hand to perform the Window Replacement project for the Civic center, City Staff have utilized an informal bid process to obtain quotes for the repairs to remediating the damage.
Remediation of the damage and HVAC repairs are critical to have completed both to (1) better continue to provide this room as a service to our community, but also (2) in advance of the Window and painting project.
Analysis/Discussion
Informal request for bids for the Project was sent to August-Jaye and M3 Integrated Services.
One bid was received from the request and was from M3 Integrated Services. For the HVAC Repairs, United Mechanical currently is contracted for our yearly HVAC repairs, making them uniquely qualified to repair the HVAC system that had caused water damage.
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Dance Studio remediation work consists of partially removing the damaged part of the main support beam, as well as replacing some of the damaged 2”x4” pieces. United Mechanical is to remove the old and damaged portions of the HVAC air ducts and replace it with new ducting that will be arranged in a way to discourage from climbing on it.
The proposed construction design from M3 Integrated Services is for an amount not to exceed $29,300. United Mechanical’s bid is $9,882. The bids were reviewed by staff and determined to be responsive and recommends them for award. The City is to use its Minor Construction Agreement template with each of the two contractors.
The timeline for the building improvement is anticipated to start by early April with completion by May 1st, and allowing the studio to be used again. Expediting this project for approval allows for the exterior wall to be completed before the exterior painting project begins.
Financial Considerations
The total proposed project budget for the Dance Studio repairs is $50,000 which is included within the available budget unencumbered within the Civic Center Windows and Exterior Repairs Project. As such no additional budget appropriation is deemed needed at this time.
Environmental Issues
This Project is Categorically Exempt in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15301 Existing Facilities as the Community Center Window Replacement Project is a minor alteration of an existing structure, therefore, no further environmental review is required.
Attachments:
022423 M3 Proposal Cotati Dance Room Repairs (PDF)
United Mechanical Dance Studio Ductwork Repair, 2-14-23 (PDF)
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M3 Integrated Services, Inc.
3355 Regional Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95403
PH: 707 791 7884 License No.: 966541
EXHIBIT A
February 24, 2023
City of Cotati
Mr. Dave Silzle
Moe Engineering
Re: Cotati Dance Room Repairs
M3 Integrated Services, Inc (M3) is pleased to present our proposal to provide Construction Services to repair the City of Cotati dance room at City Hall. The scope of work is based on the site tour on February 14th and discussions with Dave Silzle of Moe Engineering.
M3 will provide equipment, labor, and materials.
SCOPE OF WORK & COST
SCOPE:
Mobilization $2,500
Rot repair on existing wall framing: $6,500
Insulation $600
Dry Wall, Tape, Texture, Paint $4,800
Floor Framing $4,400
Mirror Install $2,000
Concrete Pad (2x3) $500
Stucco $6,500
Flooring $1,500
TOTAL COST: $29,300
SCHEDULE:
M3 can complete the installation in 3 weeks from Notice to Proceed
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Attachment: 022423 M3 Proposal Cotati Dance Room Repairs (Award Dance Studio Repairs) M3 Integrated Services, Inc.
3355 Regional Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95403
PH: 707 791 7884 License No.: 966541
Assumptions
• Work in day light hours
• Observe COVID 19 protocols
• 1 Mobilization with continuous access to site
General Exclusions
This proposal is based on the following exclusions:
1. Hazardous material sampling or disposal.
2. Permit fees and inspections.
3. Testing
If you have any questions regarding this proposal, please contact me at (707) 815 0524.
Sincerely,
Matt McKamey, P.E.
M3 Integrated Services, Inc.
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Attachment: 022423 M3 Proposal Cotati Dance Room Repairs (Award Dance Studio Repairs) Rohnert Park, CA 94928 | 707-796-7400
1-866-SERV-UMI (1-866-737-8864)
CA LICENSE #828335
JOBSITE:
Client: Tenant:
Contact Name: Onsite Contact:
Billing Address: Service Address:
SCOPE OF WORK:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
UMI Rep: Client:
Title: Title:
Date: Date:
MOE Engineering
Dave Silzle
TBD
Craig Scott
02/14/23
By accepting this proposal, the purchaser agrees to the attached terms and conditions. This quotation will be valid for a period of 60 days and payment is due 30 days from invoicing. If payment is not received interest will accrue at the rate of 1.5% per month. If an action is brought for collection the prevailing party shall be entitled to attorney's fees.
Unless otherwise stipulated herein, our pricing is based on all work taking place during normal business hours, and excludes permits, fees, engineering, or original service call costs.
Contractors are required by law to be licensed by the Contractor's State License Board which has jurisdiction to investigate complaints against Contractors if a complaint is filed within three years of the date of the alleged violation. Any questions concerning a Contractor may be referred to the Registrar, Contractor's State License Board, P.O. Box 26000, Sacramento, CA 95826
[California Business and Professional Code 7030(a)]
Domenic Grillo
SUBMITTED TO:
Cotati, CA 94931
201 West Sierra Avenue
City of Cotati
Reference #:
6115 State Farm Drive, Unit A1 PROPOSAL AND CONTRACT
NB Account Manager
It was found that the ductwork serving the dance studio has been leaking water damaging the ductwork and damaging the existing material. Ductwork and flex will be replaced like for like in sizing. Concrete to be poured by others for ductwork supports.
TOTAL PRICE: $9,882
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Attachment: United Mechanical Dance Studio Ductwork Repair, 2-14-23 (Award Dance Studio Repairs) CA License #: 828335 | C20, C43, C36, B1, C4
1-866-SERV-UMI (1-866-737-8864) for 24/7/365 Response
2185 Oakland Road, San Jose, CA 95131 | 408-232-9000
6115 State Farm Drive, Unit A1, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 | 707-796-7400 2945 Ramco St., Suite 105, West Sacramento, CA 95691 | 916-250-1353 815 Atlantic Ave., Suite 105, Alameda, CA 94501 | 510-735-8001
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
By accepting this proposal, Purchaser agrees to be bound by the following terms and conditions:
1. SCOPE OF WORK. This proposal is based upon the use of straight time labor only. Purchaser agrees to provide United Mechanical Inc (UMI) with required field utilities (electricity, toilets, drinking water, project hoist, elevator service, etc.) without charge. UMI agrees to keep the job site clean of debris arising out of its own operations. Purchaser shall not back charge UMI for any costs or expenses without UMI’s express written consent.
2. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Unless specifically noted in the statement of the scope of work or services undertaken by UMI under this agreement, UMI's obligations under this agreement expressly exclude any work or service of any nature associated or connected with the identification, abatement, clean up, control, removal, or disposal of environment Hazards or dangerous substances, to include but not be limited to asbestos or PCBS, discovered in or on the premises. Any language or provision of the agreement elsewhere contained which may authorize or empower the Purchaser to change, modify, or alter the scope of work or services to be performed by UMI shall not operate to compel UMI to perform any work relating to Hazards without UMI's express written consent.
3. INVOICING & PAYMENTS. UMI may invoice Purchaser monthly for all materials delivered to the job site or to an off-site storage facility and for all work performed on-site and off-site. Waivers of lien will be furnished upon request, as the work progresses, to the extent payments are received. If UMI's invoice is not paid within 30 days of its issuance, it is delinquent unless other approved agreement stipulates otherwise.
4. MATERIALS. If the materials or equipment included in this proposal become temporarily or permanently unavailable for reasons beyond the control and without the fault of UMI, then in the case of such temporary unavailability, the time for performance of the work shall be extended to the extent thereof, and in the case of permanent unavailability, UMI shall (a) be excused from furnishing said materials or equipment, and (b) be reimbursed for the difference between the cost of the materials or equipment permanently unavailable and the cost of a reasonably available substitute therefor.
5. WARRANTY. UMI warrants the parts and labor used during repairs of equipment covered by a UMI maintenance agreement for a period of one (1) year from date of repair. If the equipment is not covered by a UMI maintenance agreement UMI warrants the parts for a period of (1) year and the labor for (90) days. When the customer provides notice to United Mechanical Inc of any such defect within thirty (30) days after the appearance or discovery of such defect, United Mechanical Inc shall, at its option, repair or replace the defective equipment and/or parts. These warranties do not extend to any equipment and/or parts which has been repaired by others, normal wear and tear (belts, filters, etc.), abused, altered, misused, vandalized, damaged by acts of god. THESE WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE.
6. LIABILITY. UMI shall not be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages arising in any manner from the equipment or material furnished or the work performed pursuant to this agreement.
7. TAXES. The price of this proposal does not include duties, use, excise, or other similar taxes, unless required by federal, state or local law.
Purchaser shall pay, in addition to the stated price, all taxes not legally required to be paid by UMI or, alternatively, shall provide UMI with acceptable tax exemption certificates. UMI shall provide Purchaser with any tax payment certificate upon request and after completion and acceptance of the work.
8. DELAYS. UMI shall not be liable for any delay in the performance of the work resulting from or attributed to acts or circumstances beyond UMI's control, including, but not limited to, acts of God, fire, riots, labor disputes, conditions of the premises, acts or omissions of the Purchaser, Owner, or other Contractors or delays caused by suppliers or subcontractors of UMI, etc.
9. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. UMI shall comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations and shall obtain all temporary licenses and permits required for the prosecution of the work. Licenses and permits of a permanent nature shall be procured and paid for by the Purchaser.
10. DISPUTES. All disputes involving more than $15,000 shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The prevailing party shall recover all legal costs and attorney's fees incurred as a result. Nothing here shall limit any rights under construction lien laws.
11. INSURANCE. Insurance coverage in excess of UMI's standard limits will be furnished when requested and required. No credit will be given or premium paid by UMI for insurance afforded by others.
12. INDEMNITY. The Parties hereto agree to indemnify each other from any and all liabilities, claims, expenses, losses or damages, including attorneys' fees, which may arise in connection with the execution of the work herein specified and which are caused, in whole or in part, by the negligent act or omission of the-indemnifying Party.
13. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH. The Parties hereto agree to notify each other immediately upon becoming aware of an inspection under, or any alleged violation of, the Occupational Safety and Health Act relating in any way to the project or project site.
14. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This proposal, upon acceptance, shall constitute the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes any prior representations or understandings.
15. SALES TAX. UMI does not hold a Reseller License and cannot collect sales tax on services provided. All stated sales tax amounts are amounts paid by UMI to each particular vendor holding a resellers license. Clients cannot claim sales taxes on any part of this business transaction.
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Attachment: United Mechanical Dance Studio Ductwork Repair, 2-14-23 (Award Dance Studio Repairs) Cotati City Council
Agenda Staff Report
Item type: CONSENT CALENDAR (ACTION)
To: City Council
Subject: Purchase of a Three Dimensional (3D) Scanner technology/equipment/software to record and document crime scene and accident investigations.
Date: March 28, 2023
Written by: Michael Parish, Chief of Police
Recommendation
It is recommended that the Cotati City Council by motion approve the purchase of a FARO Focus Core USA Model LS9-LU-TAA 3D Crime Scene/Accident Investigation Equipment and Associated Software, authorizing the City Manager to execute all documents necessary to complete the purchase.
Background
Law Enforcement is required to accurately document crime and traffic collision scenes to record evidence for criminal prosecution purposes. Currently traffic and crime related incidents and scenes, such as homicides, assault with deadly weapons, sexual assaults, major injury, and fatal collisions, take several hours to document and investigate. This commonly creates extremely prolonged road closures which cause traffic circulation impacts within the City and surrounding areas as well as impacting police personnel availability time where staff is unable to respond to other calls for service. Historically, the processing of these scenes required law enforcement to manually measure and diagram crime scenes using measuring tape, photography, and hand drawn diagrams. Manually documenting crime scenes and collisions scenes is laborious and time consuming, contributes to significant traffic delays impacting the community and the environment, and exposes staff to hazardous conditions, including exposure to bodily fluids and other hazardous materials.
The newest technology crime scene documentation involves 3D (three dimensional) laser scanning with a laser 3D scanner mounted to a tripod. The 3D scanner uses laser technology to scan an entire scene and everything within that scene as it measures almost a million points per second in a complete 360-degree scan. The scan of an entire scene can be completed in 15 minutes versus four, six, and sometimes twelve hours.
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This technology will decrease officer overtime expense, free up officers to perform daily duties and it will open roads for traffic and allow citizens and business to resume their normal activities faster. This procurement further coordinates with the Cotati Council Goal 3: Provide core services consistent with best-in-class community service levels and Objective 3a. Pursue opportunities to improve service delivery, including joint procurement, leveraging internal and external staffing resources, and developing systems, policies, and procedures to streamline processes and expand capabilities of staff.
Analysis/Discussion
The Cotati Police Department seeks to become more self-sufficient and efficient in serving our community. Our Police Department does not currently have a contract for investigations to be performed by a larger law enforcement agency. As such when such events happen it can come at a much higher price tag using the outside agency or with required staffing overtime. By procuring the proposed 3D Laser Scanner as proposed our department can complete crime scene documentation from start to finish more effectively and enhance prosecution of crimes and allow for better documentation of serious or fatal collisions. The Cotati Police Department can also deploy the 3D scanner during mutual aid investigations.
The 3D scanner has historically been most commonly used in the construction industry but has been adopted by law enforcement for forensic investigations. Laser scanning technology is revolutionizing many aspects of surveying a scene and applying measurements to criminal and traffic forensic investigations. The 3D scanner is a high-speed laser that offers the most efficient method for 3D measurements and 3D imagery. It has become apparent that this level of highquality 3D data is expected to properly conduct thorough investigations. Currently this technology is in use at use at Petaluma Police Department, Santa Rosa Police Department who both use the scanner from FARO Technologies. Sonoma County Sheriff Office use 3D scanning hardware from Leica Geosystems which is significantly more expensive and is primarily focused on surveying for construction and as such would not provide simple support for Police reporting.
The need for a modern 3D laser scanner has now become critical to preserving the evidence of a scene and providing professional police services in today?s age. Law enforcement investigations, both traffic and criminal are often complex in nature and investigators only have one opportunity to accurately record the scene. Not only are law enforcement officers expected to capture and document scenes with precision and accuracy, but the documentation is also expected to happen with urgency while minimizing the impact to the community. Over the course of the last several years, the City of Cotati traffic collisions and violent crimes have increased along with the demand for detailed forensic and crime scene analysis.
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This technology will provide decreased officer overtime expense, free up officers to perform daily duties, as well as reduce community impacts due to extended road closures for investigations. This technology will open roads for traffic and allow citizens and business to resume their normal activities faster.
Financial Considerations
The total cost of the FARO 3D Laser Focus LS9-HU is $44,263.17 which includes all the equipment hardware, design software, 3-year warranties on both the hardware/software, and training. City staff further believes that this unit could be used outside of the Police Department to serve other City Department needs including Community Development, primarily for Code Enforcement, as well as Public Works primarily for projects. Included within the quote provided are two three-year subscriptions services called Zone Expert and Scene. It is expected that these two products will merge and as such future subscription costs would be reduced.
The Police Department budget accounted for funds to cover this purchase within Small Tools and Equipment account 101-23-80645-000000. As such no additional appropriation is required.
Environmental Issues
This action is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) because it is not a project which has a potential for resulting in either a direct physical change in the environment, or a foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, pursuant to CEQA Guideline section 15378.
Attachments:
Cotati PD-CORE-Q02300290 (PDF)
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Attachment: Cotati PD-CORE-Q02300290 (3D Crime Scene/Accident Investigation Scanner)
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Attachment: Cotati PD-CORE-Q02300290 (3D Crime Scene/Accident Investigation Scanner)
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Attachment: Cotati PD-CORE-Q02300290 (3D Crime Scene/Accident Investigation Scanner)
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Attachment: Cotati PD-CORE-Q02300290 (3D Crime Scene/Accident Investigation Scanner)
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Attachment: Cotati PD-CORE-Q02300290 (3D Crime Scene/Accident Investigation Scanner) Cotati City Council
Agenda Staff Report
Item type: REGULAR AGENDA (ACTION)
To: City Council
Subject: Rescinding Enactment of Stage 1 (20%) of the City's Water Shortage Contingency Plan and Continued Compliance with State's Emergency Drought Regulations
Date: March 28, 2023
Written by: Craig Scott, Director of Public Works/City Engineer Recommendation
It is recommended the City of Cotati City Council adopt a resolution 1) rescinding the May 25, 2021, enactment of voluntary Stage I of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, and 2) direct staff to comply with the State Water Board's Emergency Drought Regulations, adopted following Governor Newsom's proclamation of a drought state of emergency for all counties in California, as it pertains to Community Water Systems, for the duration the State emergency regulation is in effect.
Background
The region has experienced three consecutive years of drought conditions dating back to 2020.
On April 21, 2021, the Governor of California declared a local drought emergency for Sonoma and Mendocino Counties. On April 27, 2021, the County of Sonoma declared a local drought emergency. Sonoma Water, the region’s water supply wholesaler, operates Lake Sonoma for the purposes of flood control and securing the water supply needs of the City of Cotati and several other retail water suppliers, or “Contractors.” On average, the City purchases 75% of its municipal water deliveries from Sonoma Water. Water supply conditions have improved dramatically such that Sonoma Water has adequate water supply for the upcoming year.
Therefore, City Staff is recommending rescinding the enactment of the Stage 1 (20% voluntary reductions) of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
Analysis /Discussion
Since May 2021, Sonoma Water has filed four different Temporary Urgency Change Petitions (TUCPs) with the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) requesting a reduction of releases from Lake Mendocino and Lake Sonoma to preserve critical water supply storage and seek relief from requirements of their water rights regarding minimum instream flows in the Russian River. The State Water Board issued four consecutive Temporary Urgency Change Orders (TUCOs) each lasting 180 days, which granted the requested changes to Sonoma Water’s operations. However, the TUCOs included a requirement that Sonoma Water reduce its diversions from the Russian River by 20% over 2020 levels from July to December 2021 and
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July to October 2022. Pursuant to the Restructured Agreement for Water Supply, Sonoma Water allocated water in accordance with the requirements of the TUCOs and the water shortage allocation methodology.
On May 25, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution 2021-24, which enacted voluntary stage 1 of the City’s water shortage contingency plan with a target water use reduction of 20%. The City has continued to implement Stage 1 since June 2021, and customers have reduced city-wide water use by 18.5% and 24.8% in 2021 and 2022, respectively, when compared to 2020.
On March 28, 2022, Governor Newsom issued Executive Order N-7-22, thereby ordering the State Water Board to consider adopting emergency regulations including a requirement that each urban water supplier implement shortage response actions for a shortage level of up to 20%. The City, having less than 3,000 service connections, is not defined as an urban water supplier but rather a community water supplier and is not subject to the regulations applying to Urban Water Suppliers. However, the City is subject to emergency regulations issued by the State Water Board, applying to Community Water Systems, which, so long as the emergency proclamation is in place, extends to December 21, 2023. These regulations include the following:
• January 4, 2022: State Water Board adopted the prohibited wasteful water uses emergency regulation.
• December 7, 2022: State Water Board readopted the prohibited wasteful water uses emergency regulation.
• December 21, 2022: Readopted emergency regulation took effect, upon completion of Office of Administrative Law process. It will remain in effect for one year from the effective date, unless the State Water Board modifies it, readopts it, or ends it before then.
The State Water Board flier summarizing these requirements is attached.
Additionally, the City, as a Sonoma Water Contractor, was subject to the Water Agency’s water allocations in accordance with the Restructured Agreement and the conservation provisions of the State Water Board’s TUCOs. Those requirements expired with the expiration of the June 17, 2022, TUCO which had required Sonoma Water reduce its diversions by 20% compared with 2020 for the period of July 1, 2022, through October 31, 2022.
Beginning December 26, 2022, the region received substantial rainfall from a series of atmospheric rivers lasting through the month of March. These powerful storms shifted the water supply outlook for the upcoming water year. Lake Sonoma gained more than 145,000 acre-feet of supply since reaching its operational lows in early December 2022, such that the dedicated water supply pool has reached full capacity.
As of March 8, 2023, the Lake Sonoma water supply storage pool is at 105% and the target water supply curve for Lake Mendocino is over 100% of the allowable water supply pool. Based on this information, and the fact Sonoma Water has more than adequate supply for the upcoming water year, there is no need for the water contractors to continue implementing the 20% reductions in water use to protect water supplies.
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Given the regional water supply outlook, Staff is recommending the City Council rescind the Stage 1 of the City’s water shortage contingency plan calling for a 20% voluntary reduction in water use. The City will continue to coordinate with the State Water Resources Control Board and Sonoma-Marin Water Saving Partnership to promote water conservation and water loss prevention programs to our community.
Financial Considerations
If the City rescinds implementation of Stage 1 of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, it is expected the Water Enterprise Fund sales revenue will gradually rebound to levels consistent with those forecasted in the existing five-year rate program. There is no quantifiable impact to the financials. However, we do anticipate a limited amount of reduced staff time previously needed for enforcement efforts, which will be offset by increased State Reporting.
Environmental Issues
This action is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) because it is not a project which has a potential for resulting in either a direct physical change in the environment, or a foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, pursuant to CEQA Guideline section 15378.
Attachments:
Water Saving Flier (PDF)
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STATEWIDE
WATER RESTRICTIONS
FOR ALL CALIFORNIANS IN EFFECT SINCE 2022
EMERGENCY REGULATIONS TO SAVE WATER
x No watering decorative grass in commercial, industrial, and institutional areas, including common areas of homeowners’ associations (HOAs) x No outdoor watering that lets water run onto sidewalks or other areas x No washing hard surfaces that don’t absorb water, like driveways or sidewalks x No washing vehicles without using an automatic shutoff nozzle x No outdoor watering within 48 hours after at least 1/4 inch of rainfall x No using drinking water for street cleaning or construction site preparation x No filling decorative fountains, lakes, or ponds
These regulations do not prohibit watering trees or using water for immediate health and safety needs.
Local water suppliers may have adopted stricter water conservation measures, so please check for additional restrictions in your area.
Violations may be punishable by fine up to $500 per day. flyer version 2022.12.12
Report potential
water-use violations:
SaveWater.CA.Gov
Discover water-saving
tips and ideas:
SaveOurWater.com
Learn more about these
and other statewide
water restrictions:
bit.ly/conservationreg
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Attachment: Water Saving Flier (Rescind Stage 1 of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan) RESOLUTION NO.
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF COTATI CITY COUNCIL 1) RESCINDING THE MAY 25, 2021, ENACTMENT OF VOLUNTARY STAGE I OF ITS WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN, AND 2) DIRECT STAFF TO COMPLY WITH
THE STATE WATER BOARD'S EMERGENCY DROUGHT REGULATIONS,
ADOPTED FOLLOWING GOVERNOR NEWSOM'S PROCLAMATION OF A
DROUGHT STATE OF EMERGENCY FOR ALL COUNTIES IN CALIFORNIA, AS IT
PERTAINS TO COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS, FOR THE DURATION THE
STATE EMERGENCY REGULATION IS IN EFFECT
WHEREAS, the region has experienced three consecutive years of drought conditions dating back to 2020, and on April 21, 2021, the Governor of California declared a local drought emergency for Sonoma and Mendocino Counties; and
WHEREAS, on April 27, 2021, the County of Sonoma declared a local drought emergency, and, Sonoma Water, the region’s water supply wholesaler, operates Lake Sonoma for the purposes of flood control and securing the water supply needs of the City of Cotati and several other retail water suppliers, or “Contractors;” and
WHEREAS, on average, the City purchases 75% of its municipal water deliveries from Sonoma Water, and water supply conditions have improved dramatically such that Sonoma Water has adequate water supply for the upcoming year, therefore, City Staff is recommending rescinding the enactment of the Stage 1 (20% voluntary reductions) of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan; and
WHEREAS, since May 2021, Sonoma Water has filed four different Temporary Urgency Change Petitions (TUCPs) with the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) requesting a reduction of releases from Lake Mendocino and Lake Sonoma to preserve critical water supply storage and seek relief from requirements of their water rights regarding minimum instream flows in the Russian River; and
WHEREAS, the State Water Board issued four consecutive Temporary Urgency Change Orders (TUCOs) each lasting 180 days, which granted the requested changes to Sonoma Water’s operations, however, the TUCOs included a requirement that Sonoma Water reduce its diversions from the Russian River by 20% over 2020 levels from July to December 2021, and July to October 2022; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Restructured Agreement for Water Supply, Sonoma Water allocated water in accordance with the requirements of the TUCOs and the water shortage allocation methodology; and
WHEREAS, on May 25, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution 2021-24, which enacted voluntary Stage 1 of the City’s water shortage contingency plan with a target water use reduction of 20%; and
WHEREAS, the City has continued to implement Stage 1 since June 2021, and customers have reduced city-wide water use by 18.5% and 24.8% in 2021 and 2022, respectively, when compared to 2020; and
WHEREAS, on March 28, 2022, Governor Newsom issued Executive Order N-7-22, thereby Packet Pg. 41
ordering the State Water Board to consider adopting emergency regulations including a requirement that each urban water supplier implement shortage response actions for a shortage level of up to 20%; and
WHEREAS, the City, having less than 3,000 service connections, is not defined as an urban water supplier but rather a community water supplier and is not subject to the regulations applying to Urban Water Suppliers, however, the City is subject to emergency regulations issued by the State Water Board, applying to Community Water Systems, which, so long as the emergency proclamation is in place, extends to December 21, 2023, and these regulations include the following:
• January 4, 2022: State Water Board adopted the prohibited wasteful water uses emergency regulation,
• December 7, 2022: State Water Board readopted the prohibited wasteful water uses emergency regulation,
• December 21, 2022: Readopted emergency regulation took effect, upon completion of Office of Administrative Law process. It will remain in effect for one year from the effective date, unless the State Water Board modifies it, readopts it, or ends it before then, and the State Water Board flier summarizing these requirements is attached; and WHEREAS, additionally, the City, as a Sonoma Water Contractor, was subject to the Water Agency’s water allocations in accordance with the Restructured Agreement and the conservation provisions of the State Water Board’s TUCOs, and those requirements expired with the expiration of the June 17, 2022, TUCO which had required Sonoma Water reduce its diversions by 20% compared with 2020 for the period of July 1, 2022, through October 31, 2022; and WHEREAS, beginning December 26, 2022, the region received substantial rainfall from a series of atmospheric rivers lasting through the month of January, and these powerful storms shifted the water supply outlook for the upcoming water year with Lake Sonoma gained more than 145,000 acre-feet of supply since reaching its operational lows in early December 2022, such that the dedicated water supply pool has reached full capacity; and WHEREAS, as of March 8, 2023, the Lake Sonoma water supply storage pool is at 105% and the target water supply curve for Lake Mendocino is over 100% of the allowable water supply pool. Based on this information, and the fact Sonoma Water has more than adequate supply for the upcoming water year, there is no need for the water contractors to continue implementing the 20% reductions in water use to protect water supplies; and WHEREAS, given the regional water supply outlook, Staff is recommending the City Council rescind the Stage 1 of the City’s water shortage contingency plan calling for a 20% voluntary reduction in water use; and
WHEREAS, if the City rescinds implementation of Stage 1 of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, it is expected the Water Enterprise Fund sales revenue will gradually rebound to levels consistent with those forecasted in the existing five-year rate program, and there is no impact to the General Fund; and
WHEREAS, this action is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) because it is not a project which has a potential for resulting in either a direct physical change in the environment, or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, Packet Pg. 42
pursuant to CEQA Guideline section 15378.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT the City of Cotati City Council hereby:
1. Rescinds the May 25, 2021, enactment of voluntary Stage I of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, and
2. Directs Staff to comply with the State Water Board's Emergency Drought Regulations, adopted following Governor Newsom's proclamation of a drought state of emergency for all counties in California, as it pertains to Community Water Systems, for the duration the State emergency regulation is in effect.
IT IS HEREBY CERTIFIED that the foregoing resolution was duly adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Cotati held on the March 28th, 2023, by the following vote, to wit:
Approved:________________________________
Mayor
Attest:____________________________
Kevin Patterson, Deputy City Clerk
Approved as to form:
____________________________
City Attorney
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Cotati City Council
Agenda Staff Report
Item type: PUBLIC HEARINGS (ACTION)
To: City Council
Subject: 2023 Housing Element Update and the associated General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR) Addendum
Date: March 28, 2023
Written by: Noah Housh, Director of Community Development Recommendation
Based on the analysis and findings in the staff report and the attached resolutions, the Community Development Department and the Planning Commission recommend that the City Council adopt the Resolution approving an Addendum to the City of Cotati General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in connection with the 2023-2031 Housing Element Update, and the Resolution approving the 2023-2031 Housing Element Update.
Background
The Housing Element is one of the seven mandated elements of the General Plan, and the only element that must be updated on a set schedule, consistent with the establishment of Regional Housing Needs Allocations (RHNA), which are published at eight- year intervals. The City last updated its Housing Element in 2014 and this current update will cover the planning period from 2023 to 2031.
In the last few years, the Legislature has passed multiple housing bills that prescribe new requirements for Housing Elements and new “by-right” requirements for housing projects. Byright requirements primarily require cities to approve certain housing development projects compatible with local zoning rules. Some provisions of these laws reduce land use control for cities without a certified Housing Element. Staff’s goal for this Housing Element update is to meet the requirements established by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), preserve the City’s discretionary land use control to the maximum extent possible and bring forward meaningful local goals, policies and programs that support housing at all levels in Cotati.
At two meetings held on June 16, 2022, the City Council and Planning Commission reviewed background data for the Housing Element update including the City’s Regional Housing Needs
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Allocation (RHNA), the inventory of potential housing sites and the results of community outreach to date. Highlights of these presentations include:
• Cotati’s RHNA for the 2023-2031 Housing Element is 234 units, which is an increase of 70% over the 5th Cycle RHNA; and
• The City has sufficient land zoned under existing conditions to accommodate the 6th Cycle RHNA with a substantial buffer, primarily with planned and approved projects. • Most goals, policies, and programs are continued from the 5th Cycle Housing Element, with revisions primarily reflecting changes in State law.
At this joint meeting, the City Council and Planning Commission also reviewed and provided direction on the proposed goals and programs included in the draft Housing Element.
Incorporating this direction, staff and the consultant team prepared the HCD Draft Housing Element, for a 30-day public review and then for a 90-day HCD review. The 30-day public review period started September 27, 2022 and extended to allow further public comment.
Comments received during the public review period were incorporated and a revised Draft Housing Element was submitted to HCD on November 18, 2022 for its 90-day review period.
During its 90-day review period, HCD provided some initial comments and gave the City the opportunity to incorporate those edits and re-submit within the review period. The City incorporated these edits and put the revised document out for an additional 7-day public review period in early February. On February 16, 2023, HCD provided a letter of its findings to the City, which included a list of changes that needed to be incorporated; the HCD letter is included as Attachment 2. Subsequently, City staff and consultant incorporated these edits. The attached Draft Housing Element reflected the changes outlined by HCD in its letter. In addition, Exhibit A to the proposed Resolution approving the Housing Element Update (Attachment 1), outlines the City’s response to each finding in detail.
Project environmental review included an addendum to the City’s General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR), which was certified in 2015 when the General Plan was adopted. In accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Section 15164(a), an Addendum to a previously certified EIR can be prepared when there are no changes to the conditions or new significant environmental effects, where the changes undertaken are not substantial, and where no new mitigation measures are needed. As there is no requirement to rezone parcels, and no other significantly new programs or impacts, the Addendum may be certified.
Public input was accepted and incorporated at each of the review points described above. In order to remain compliant with State Housing Element law, Cotati’s HCD-reviewed and revised Housing Element must have been adopted by the City Council no later than January 31,
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2023; thus, the City is out of compliance along with most jurisdictions in the Bay Area; as of February 23, 2023, 94% of Bay Area jurisdictions were out of compliance.
Analysis/Discussion
The revised Draft Housing Element (included as Exhibit B of Attachment 1) contains the following sections, as required by state law:
1. Introduction and Summary: Includes summaries of community involvement, population characteristics and trends, constraints to housing development, fair housing assessment and progress on programs in current Housing Element;
2. Housing Strategy: Goals, policies and programs demonstrating ability to meet housing needs;
3. Housing Sites: Identified sufficient sites zoned for housing to meet Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA);
4. Technical Background Report & Appendices: Included in a separate document, this report provides in-depth data and analysis required to support the Housing Element policy document.
In the sections below, staff will provide a high-level overview of the public outreach conducted to date, as well as the Housing Strategy and Housing Sites sections included in the Housing Element.
Public Outreach: One of the many requirements for the Housing Element is the collection of data to help determine housing needs. This includes data about how many residents are overpaying for their housing, how many units are overcrowded, the costs of developing housing, and demographic information and trends. The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) have provided the bulk of the required housing and demographic data. In addition to this data, staff and consultants have collected local data in real time order to ensure that Cotati’s Housing Element truly addresses Cotati’s needs. Public outreach efforts are described and summarized below.
• Housing Element Update Website (https://www.cotaticity.org/215/Cotati-2023-HousingElement-Update): The website provides introductory information to the Housing Element update process, a dedicated email address, links to information on past and upcoming community meetings, a project timeline, and community opinion surveys in Spanish and English.
• Community Opinion Surveys: Surveys were made available in English and Spanish and could be completed on cell phones, computers, or other internet-accessing devices.
Surveys were promoted through the City’s social media channels, utility newsletter,
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email distribution lists, and door hangers that were placed in targeted locations where a higher proportion of underrepresented individuals reside (e.g., low-income households, people of color, seniors).
• Kick-off presentation was held at the October 12, 2021, joint City Council & Planning Commission meeting, covering the Housing Element update process, new laws, opportunities for engagement, and local housing demographics. This meeting also included an opportunity for members of the public to speak. • A virtual targeted stakeholder workshop was held on February 2, 2022, with communitybased organizations, affordable housing property managers and housing developers. • Presentations at the June 16, 2022, joint City Council & Planning Commission meeting and June 16, 2022, City Council meeting were held, covering the City’s Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), the inventory of potential housing sites, results of community outreach to date, and both bodies provided direction for proposed goals, policies and programs for the Housing Element. These meetings also included an opportunity for members of the public to speak.
• The Draft Housing Element was posted on the City’s Housing Element webpage for the 30-day public review period from September 27, 2022. The webpage included information about how to provide comments by email.
• On November 18, 2022, the Draft Housing Element was submitted to HCD for its 90-day review period. The City’s webpage was updated to include the Draft Housing Element submitted to HCD and information about how to provide comments by email to the City and to HCD.
• On February 8, 2023, City staff and the consultant team revised to incorporate comments from HCD and released the revised draft for a 7-day public comment period.
The City’s webpage was updated to include the revised Draft Housing Element and information about how to provide comments by email to the City and to HCD.
A detailed discussion of the community engagement and outreach is included as “Appendix B – Community Engagement and Outreach” of the Housing Element’s Technical Background Report.
Housing Strategy: An in-depth discussion of the Housing Strategy, including goals, policies and program, can be found starting on page 27 of the Draft Housing Element (Exhibit B of Attachment 1.) Below is a summary of the Housing Strategy. The Housing Element includes five goals and several policies and implementation programs, which will guide City actions over the 2023-2031 Housing Element cycle. The goals, policies, and programs are designed to address the existing and projected housing needs of the City of Cotati. The proposed Housing Element Goals are listed below and continue the direction set by the current Housing Element, with modifications made to address new State law:
• Goal H-1: Resilient & Safe Housing (Continuing, renamed) • Goal H-2: Housing Production (Continuing, renamed)
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• Goal H-3: Affordable, Attainable, & Accessible Housing (Continuing, renamed) • Goal H-4: Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (Continuing, renamed) • Goal H-5: Community Engagement (Continuing, renamed)
New programs are proposed in this Housing Element Update, which are designed to assist the City in complying with the full range of requirements for housing elements. Most of these new programs were reviewed by the Planning Commission and City Council in June 2022, who indicated support for included programs. One was added in response to findings in HCD’s letter.
Included as Attachment 1 is a summary table of all Housing Element programs (new, revised, and continuing), and the reason each program is being included. When a new program is required to comply with State law, that is noted. New programs added as a result of HCD’s findings are also noted.
Housing Sites: An in-depth discussion of Housing Sites can be found starting in Section 3 of the Draft Housing Element (Attachment 1, Exhibit B.) Below is a summary of this information. The proposed sites included in the Housing Element demonstrate that the City has sufficient land available to meet its Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), which is a requirement of State law. The RHNA is the numerical foundation of all housing elements. Each agency’s RHNA is set through a process that is meant to identify and address housing needs for the state’s projected population, to improve the jobs - housing balance in communities, and to ensure the availability of housing affordable to all income groups. The City’s RHNA is set by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and for 2023-2031.
Cotati’s RHNA is 234 units, which is an increase of 70% over the 2015-2023 RHNA. Table 1 provides a breakdown of the City’s current RHNA by income category.
Table 1: Cotati Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), 2023-2031 Jurisdiction Very Low
Income (<50%
AMI)
Low Income
(50-80% AMI)
Moderate
Income
(80-120% AMI)
Above Moderate
Income
(>120% AMI)
Total
Cotati 60 34 39 101 234
Source: ABAG Draft Regional Housing Needs Allocation Plan: San Francisco Bay Area, 2023- 2031
The City is not required to construct the housing units included in its RHNA. It is instead required to demonstrate that it has adequate sites zoned at appropriate densities to accommodate the number of RHNA units in each income category. When a city lacks adequate available,
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vacant land for the development of its RHNA, it must either rezone adequate land at high enough densities to support affordable housing development or use other methods to identify where the units can go. These methods may include increasing allowable densities in certain land use categories; providing zoning overlays to allow housing on certain commercial parcels; allowing additional units within single-family neighborhoods; providing programs to encourage more, smaller units that are typically more affordable than larger units; or other creative solutions that address the City’s identified housing needs.
As part of preparing the Housing Element, staff and the consulting team identified housing sites in conjunction with preparation of the General Plan, developed a “pipeline” of housing projects that are planned to be developed in the next eight years, documented the affordability profile of planned projects, including those required by various Development Agreements, and conducted site specific outreach with owners whose property is included in the inventory. This work confirms that the City has sufficient land zoned for housing within the proposed General Plan 2040 to accommodate its RHNA and will not be proposing any zoning changes in its Housing Element. While the City also has some strong, documented plans for affordable housing construction, particularly in Development Agreements, additional policies and programs are necessary to ensure that the City could meet the required affordability at all levels. These new policies and programs are discussed above.
CONFORMANCE WITH CITY’S GENERAL PLAN: The current Housing Element adopted in 2014 will be rescinded and replaced with the draft Housing Element if approved by the City Council. The element is internally consistent with the remainder of the General Plan, assuming planned minor amendments are completed to the land use diagram. The Housing Element will not require additional changes to the General Plan, beyond minor text and formatting amendments.
Once the Housing Element is adopted, the above zoning ordinance updates will have the necessary policy support within the General Plan and no additional updates will be required.
STATE LAW - CA GOVERNMENT CODE TITLE 7, DIVISION 1, CHAPTER 3, ARTICLE 10.6 [65580 – 65589.11]: To be in substantial compliance with State law, a Housing Element must contain all of the elements mandated by State Housing Element law. The City’s Housing Element contains each of the elements mandated by State law.
PLANNING COMMISSION REVIEW: On March 20, 2023, the Planning Commission reviewed the draft 6th Cycle Housing Element, associated supporting documentation, draft General Plan EIR Addendum and all comments received. After considering the staff
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presentation, holding the public hearing and discussing the proposed revisions, the Commission voted 3 yeahs-0 nays-1 absent to recommend City Council approval of the documents as proposed.
Financial Considerations
The City of Cotati 6th Cycle Housing Element contains numerous programs and policies which will require future funding commitments anticipated to be funded through the Affordable Housing fund (Fund 216). The current balance of this fund is (approximately) $2,172,124 and there is an additional outstanding loan balance of (approximately) $772,481 due by 2038.
However, no additional funds beyond those previously budgeted for the Housing Element Update are being requested in fiscal year 2022/23.
Environmental Issues
Project environmental review included an addendum to the City’s General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR), which was certified in 2015 when the General Plan was adopted. In accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Section 15164(a), an Addendum to a previously certified EIR can be prepared when there are no changes to the conditions or new significant environmental effects, where the changes undertaken are not substantial, and where no new mitigation measures are needed. As there is no requirement to rezone parcels, and no other significantly new programs or impacts, the Addendum may be certified.
Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) an Addendum was completed.
On the basis of the Addendum, City staff for the City of Cotati, acting as Lead Agency, determined that there was no substantial evidence that the project could have a significant effect on the environment; as result, City staff prepared a Negative Declaration for the project pursuant to CEQA.
Attachments:
Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (PDF) Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (PDF)
Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (PDF)
Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (PDF)
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Cotati HE_Final Addendum_March 2023-Signed (PDF)
Public Comment-March 13, 2023 (PDF)
PC Reso 23-03 (PDF)
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA - BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION OF HOUSING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2020 W. El Camino Avenue, Suite 500
Sacramento, CA 95833
(916) 263-2911 / FAX (916) 263-7453
www.hcd.ca.gov
February 16, 2023
Noah Housh, Director
Community Development Department
City of Cotati
201 W Sierra Avenue
Cotati, CA 94931
Dear Noah Housh:
RE: City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Thank you for submitting the City of Cotati’s (City) draft housing element update received for review on November 18, 2022, along with revisions received on February 15, 2023.
Pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (b), the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is reporting the results of its review. Our review was facilitated by a conversation on February 8, 2023 with planning consultants Jane Riley, Elliot Picket, and Luke Lindenbusch. In addition, HCD considered comments from Greenbelt Alliance, YIMBY Law, Fair Housing Advocates of Northern California, and Ragghianti Freitas LLP pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (c).
The draft housing element addresses many statutory requirements; however, revisions are necessary to fully comply with State Housing Element Law (Article 10.6 of the Gov. Code.
See enclosed Appendix.
For your information, pursuant to Assembly Bill 1398 (Chapter 358, Statutes of 2021), if a local government fails to adopt a compliant housing element within 120 days of the statutory deadline (January 31, 2023), then any rezoning to make prior identified sites available or accommodate the regional housing needs allocation (RHNA) shall be completed no later than one year from the statutory deadline pursuant to Government Code sections 65583, subdivision (c) and 65583.2, subdivision (c). Otherwise, the local government’s housing element will no longer comply with State Housing Element Law, and HCD may revoke its finding of substantial compliance pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (i). Please be aware, if the City fails to adopt a compliant housing element within one year from the statutory deadline, the element cannot be found in substantial compliance until these rezones are completed.
Public participation in the development, adoption and implementation of the housing element is essential to effective housing planning. Throughout the housing element process, the City should continue to engage the community, including organizations that
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) Noah Housh, Director
City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 2 February 16, 2023
represent lower-income and special needs households, by making information regularly available and considering and incorporating comments where appropriate. Please be aware, any revisions to the element must be posted on the local government’s website and to email a link to all individuals and organizations that have previously requested notices relating to the local government’s housing element at least seven days before submitting to HCD.
Several federal, state, and regional funding programs consider housing element compliance as an eligibility or ranking criteria. For example, the CalTrans Senate Bill (SB) 1 Sustainable Communities grant; the Strategic Growth Council and HCD’s Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities programs; and HCD’s Permanent Local Housing Allocation consider housing element compliance and/or annual reporting requirements pursuant to Government Code section 65400. With a compliant housing element, the City will meet housing element requirements for these and other funding sources.
For your information, some general plan element updates are triggered by housing element adoption. HCD reminds the City to consider timing provisions and welcomes the opportunity to provide assistance. For information, please see the Technical Advisories issued by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research at: https://www.opr.ca.gov/planning/generalplan/guidelines.html.
We are committed to assisting the City of Cotati in addressing all statutory requirements of State Housing Element Law. If you have any questions or need additional technical assistance, please contact Tristan Lanza, of our staff, at [email protected].
Sincerely,
Paul McDougall
Senior Program Manager
Enclosure
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 1 February 16, 2023
APPENDIX
CITY OF COTATI
The following changes are necessary to bring the City of Cotati’s housing element into compliance with Article 10.6 of the Government Code. Accompanying each recommended change, we cite the supporting section of the Government Code.
Housing element technical assistance information is available on HCD’s website at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-community-development/hcd-memos . Among other resources, the housing element section contains HCD’s latest technical assistance tool, Building Blocks for Effective Housing Elements (Building Blocks), available at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-community-development/housing-elements/buildingblocks and includes the Government Code addressing State Housing Element Law and other resources.
A. Review and Revision
Review the previous element to evaluate the appropriateness, effectiveness, and progress in implementation, and reflect the results of this review in the revised element. (Gov. Code, § 65588 (a) and (b).)
A thorough program-by-program review is necessary to evaluate City's performance in addressing housing goals. As part of this analysis, the element should describe the actual results of the prior element’s programs, including quantification where appropriate and based on that information, re-evaluate program effectiveness and the appropriate modifications in the current planning period.
In addition, as part of the review of programs in the past cycle, the element must also provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of goals, policies, and related actions in meeting the housing needs of special needs populations (e.g., elderly, persons with disabilities, large households, female headed households, farmworkers and persons experiencing homelessness). Programs should be revised as appropriate to reflect the results of this evaluation.
B. Housing Needs, Resources, and Constraints
1. Affirmatively further[ing] fair housing in accordance with Chapter 15 (commencing with Section 8899.50) of Division 1 of Title 2…shall include an assessment of fair housing in the jurisdiction. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(10)(A).) Segregation and Integration: While the element generally reports data on segregation and integration, it should also evaluate that data using local data and knowledge and other relevant factors. For example, the element should describe factors that influence the geographic concentration of higher and low-income residents within the City and describe the contributing factors to the concentration of higher income residents.
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 2 February 16, 2023
Disparities in Access to Opportunity: The element should evaluate other relevant factors that contribute to the lower education scores within the City. In addition, the element should describe what contributes to the differences in employment scores throughout the City. Lastly, the element should describe the environmental scores geographically within the City and what contributes to the differences in scores.
Disproportionate Housing Needs Including Displacement: While the element includes an analysis of overpayment, the element must also include a regional analysis of overcrowding (i.e., comparing the City to the region). Additionally, while the element identifies areas at risk of displacement due to flooding, the element must further describe the data used to support this and also include an analysis identifying areas at risk of displacement due to fire and earthquake especially since displacement was identified as a prioritized contributing factor to fair housing in the City.
Sites Inventory: The analysis must identify whether sites improve or exacerbate conditions and whether sites are isolated by income group. A full analysis should address the income categories of identified sites with respect to location, the number of sites and units by all income groups and how that affects the existing patterns for all components of the assessment of fair housing (e.g., segregation and integration, access to opportunity). The element should also discuss whether the distribution of sites improves or exacerbates conditions. If sites exacerbate conditions, the element should identify further program actions that will be taken to promote equitable quality of life throughout the community (e.g., anti-displacement and place-based community revitalization strategies).
2. Include an analysis and documentation of household characteristics, including level of payment compared to ability to pay, housing characteristics, including overcrowding, and housing stock condition. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(2).) Extremely Low-Income (ELI) Households: The element includes analysis regarding ELI households such as the number of households and overpayment but must also identify projected housing needs. The projected housing need for ELI households can be calculated by using available census data to determine the number of very low-income households that qualify as ELI households or presume that 50 percent of the regional housing need allocation (RHNA) for very low-income households qualify as ELI households.
Housing Conditions: The element identifies the age of the housing stock and the number of substandard housing units based on federal data. However, it must include analysis of the condition of the existing housing stock and estimate the number of units in need of rehabilitation and replacement. For example, the analysis could include estimates from a recent windshield survey or sampling, estimates from the code enforcement agency, or information from knowledgeable builders/developers, including non-profit housing developers or organizations.
3. An inventory of land suitable and available for residential development, including vacant sites and sites having realistic and demonstrated potential for redevelopment during the planning period to meet the locality’s housing need for a designated income level, and an
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 3 February 16, 2023
analysis of the relationship of zoning and public facilities and services to these sites. (Gov.
Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(3).)
Progress in Meeting the Regional Housing Need Allocation (RHNA): As you know, the City’s RHNA may be reduced by the number of new units pending, approved, permitted or built since June 30, 2022 by demonstrating availability and affordability based on rents, sale prices or other mechanisms ensuring affordability (e.g., deed restrictions).
While the element clarifies that units for lower-income households will be deedrestricted, it must describe affordability of the units for moderate-income households based on actual rents or sales prices, beyond the size of the unit. In addition, the element must demonstrate the availability of pending and approved projects within the planning period. This includes addressing the public comment regarding barriers to develop these projects such as scheduling public hearings. Availability should address the status, anticipated completion, any barriers to development and other relevant factors such as build out horizons, phasing, and dropout rates to demonstrate the availability or likelihood of development in the planning period.
Realistic Capacity: While the element states realistic capacity considers land use controls and projects typically develop above maximum allowed densities due to State Density Bonus Law, it must provide support for these assumptions. For example, the element should describe recent projects that support the assumptions, and typical densities of existing or approved residential developments at a similar affordability level in that jurisdiction. The element also needs to analyze the likelihood that the identified units will be developed as noted in the inventory in zones that allow nonresidential uses (e.g., mixed-use). This analysis should consider the likelihood of nonresidential development, performance standards, and development trends supporting residential development Zoning for Lower-Income Households: The element must demonstrate densities appropriate to accommodate housing for lower-income households. For communities with densities that meet specific standards (at least 20 units per acre for Cotati), no analysis is required. (Gov. Code, § 65583.2, subd. (c)(3).) Otherwise, an analysis must demonstrate appropriate densities based on factors such as market demand, financial feasibility, and development experience within identified zones. While the element states the City utilizes form based codes, it must include a complete analysis to demonstrate how the zoning encourages the development of units affordable for lower-income households. To estimate allowable densities within form-based codes, the element should describe the relationship between general plan land-use designation and the form-based code, development standards and achievable densities given typical unit sizes. The element could include additional examples of recently built projects and densities to support the analysis.
Suitability of Nonvacant Sites: The element must include an analysis demonstrating the potential for redevelopment of nonvacant sites. The description of existing uses should be sufficiently detailed to facilitate an analysis demonstrating the potential for additional development in the planning period. In addition, the element should analyze the extent that existing uses may impede additional residential development. For example, the element includes sites identified as single-family residents, religious institutions, and residential, but minimal analysis was provided to demonstrate whether these existing uses would impede development of these sites within the planning period. The element can summarize past
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 4 February 16, 2023
experiences converting existing uses to higher density residential development, include current market demand for the existing use, provide analysis of existing leases or contracts that would perpetuate the existing use or prevent additional residential development and include current information on development trends and market conditions in the City and relate those trends to the sites identified. The element could also consider indicators such as age and condition of the existing structure expressed developer interest, low improvement to land value ratio, and other factors.
Adequate Sites Alternatives: Please note, under limited circumstances, the City may credit up to 25 percent of its adequate sites requirement by income group, by counting existing units preserved through the provision of “committed assistance” to that income category’s households at affordable housing costs or affordable rents. (Gov. Code, § 65583.1, subd. (c).) However, the housing element must demonstrate compliance with all the statutory requirements and must clarify whether the Windwood Apartments meets the Adequate Sites Program Alternative Checklist (Gov. Code, § 65583.1, subd. (c).) For example, the element must describe the public hearing process which found the units eligible and reasonably expected to convert to market-rate as well as the specific date in which the committed assistance will be in place. For additional information and an Alternative Adequate Sites Checklist, see the Building Blocks at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-andcommunity-development/housing-elements/building-blocks/analysis-sites-and-zoning.
Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types (Emergency Shelters): While the element was revised to describe development standards for emergency shelters, it must analyze whether the requirements in the management plan are consistent with statutory requirements per Government Code section 65583 (a)(4), a constraint to the development of emergency shelters, and add a program as appropriate. In addition, while the element states the City complies with AB 139 emergency shelter parking standards, the parking requirements listed require a greater number of parking spots than allowed and must be revised.
4. An analysis of potential and actual governmental constraints upon the maintenance, improvement, or development of housing for all income levels, including the types of housing identified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), and for persons with disabilities as identified in the analysis pursuant to paragraph (7), including land use controls, building codes and their enforcement, site improvements, fees and other exactions required of developers, and local processing and permit procedures... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(5).)
Land Use Controls: While the element describes land use controls, heights are limited to 35 feet in many commercial zones and specific plan areas that allow multifamily. The element must add a program to ensure three story developments are allowed in zones that allow multifamily. In addition, two parking spaces are required in the LP, NG, and CA zones regardless of the number of bedrooms per unit. The element must be revised to remove constraints on parking including but not limited to the number of spaces for studio and one-bedroom units, garage requirements for multifamily developments, and additional parking requirements for residential care homes. Lastly, the element should analyze whether maximum densities can be achieved in the NM and NU zones with required front
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 5 February 16, 2023
and rear setbacks, a maximum lot coverage of 50 percent, and height restriction of 28 feet and add a program as needed.
Fees and Exaction: The element must describe all required fees for single-family and multifamily housing development, including impact fees, and analyze their impact as potential constraints on housing supply and affordability. While the element includes a table of development impact fees, it must include all building and permit fees for singlefamily and multifamily developments. In addition, the analysis could identify the total amount of fees and their proportion to the development costs for both single family and multifamily housing.
Local Processing and Permit Procedures: While the element describes the permitting times, it must clarify whether it is for both single-family and multifamily developments. in addition, the element must analyze the conditional use permit (CUP) findings and procedures for multifamily developments. The element states that CUPs are required for all multifamily housing of more than four units unless it is in the NU zone if 25 percent of the units are affordable to lower-income and the development proposes more than ten units The element must analyze the CUP requirements as a potential constraint on housing supply and affordability and demonstrate realistic opportunities for multifamily.
The analysis should identify findings of approval for the CUP and their potential impact on development approval certainty, timing, feasibility and cost. The analysis should address the approval body, the number of public hearing if any, approval findings and any other relevant information. If constraints are identified, programs should be included to address and remove or modify these constraints.
Building Codes and Enforcement: The element must describe and analyze which building code is enforced, any local amendments to the building code and their enforcement for impacts on housing supply and affordability.
5. An analysis of potential and actual nongovernmental constraints upon the maintenance, improvement, or development of housing for all income levels, including the availability of financing, the price of land, the cost of construction, the requests to develop housing at densities below those anticipated in the analysis required by subdivision (c) of Government Code section 65583.2, and the length of time between receiving approval for a housing development and submittal of an application for building permits for that housing development that hinder the construction of a locality’s share of the regional housing need in accordance with Government Code section 65584... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(6).) Approval Time and Requests Lesser Densities: The element must include analysis of requests to develop housing at densities below those identified, the length of time between receiving approval for a housing development and submittal of an application for building permits that potentially. The element must address any hinderance on the development of housing and include programs as appropriate.
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 6 February 16, 2023
C. Housing Programs
1. Include a program which sets forth a schedule of actions during the planning period, each with a timeline for implementation, which may recognize that certain programs are ongoing, such that there will be beneficial impacts of the programs within the planning period, that the local government is undertaking or intends to undertake to implement the policies and achieve the goals and objectives of the Housing Element... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c).)
To address the program requirements of Government Code section 65583, subdivision (c)(1-6), and to facilitate implementation, programs should include: (1) a description of the City’s specific role in implementation; (2) definitive implementation timelines; (3) objectives, quantified where appropriate; and (4) identification of responsible agencies and officials. Programs to be revised include the following:
Program 1-3 (Non-Profit and Agency Coordination – Existing Housing Needs): The program should be revised to include specific implementation of what will result from the identified discussions and reporting results to council.
Program 4-1 (Anti-Displacement Actions): The program must include specific timing of when the replacement housing requirements will be implemented.
Program 4-2 (Housing Discrimination Complaints): The program should be revised to include outreach beyond a brochure on the City’s counter as well as specify what actions will result from participation in meetings.
Program 4-3 (Nondiscrimination & Fair Housing Information): The program should be revised to include timing on how often information and the inventory will be updated.
2. Identify actions that will be taken to make sites available during the planning period with appropriate zoning and development standards and with services and facilities to accommodate that portion of the city’s or county’s share of the regional housing need for each income level that could not be accommodated on sites identified in the inventory completed pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) without rezoning, and to comply with the requirements of Government Code section 65584.09. Sites shall be identified as needed to facilitate and encourage the development of a variety of types of housing for all income levels, including multifamily rental housing, factory-built housing, mobilehomes, housing for agricultural employees, supportive housing, single-room occupancy units, emergency shelters, and transitional housing. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(1).) As noted in Finding B3, the element does not include a complete site analysis, therefore, the adequacy of sites and zoning were not established. Based on the results of a complete sites inventory and analysis, the City may need to add or revise programs to address a shortfall of sites or zoning available to encourage a variety of housing types.
3. Address and, where appropriate and legally possible, remove governmental and nongovernmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) City of Cotati’s 6th Cycle (2022-2029) Draft Housing Element Page 7 February 16, 2023
housing, including housing for all income levels and housing for persons with disabilities.
The program shall remove constraints to, and provide reasonable accommodations for housing designed for, intended for occupancy by, or with supportive services for, persons with disabilities. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(3).)
As noted in Finding(s) B4 and B5, the element requires a complete analysis of potential governmental and nongovernmental constraints. Depending upon the results of that analysis, the City may need to revise or add programs and address and remove or mitigate any identified constraints. In addition, the element should be revised as follows:
Program 3-1 (Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types): While the element includes revisions to allowing group homes for more than seven residents, it limits the allowance of group homes to persons with disabilities. This language should be removed to ensure all group homes of seven or more residents are permitted in residential zones objectively with approval certainty similar to other residential uses, not just the ones who serve persons with disabilities. Additionally, the program should be revised to ensure approval certainty.
Lastly, the timing of the rezone should be revised to be no later than February 2026.
Program 3-5 (Review Processing Fees): The program should be revised to commit to making revisions to City fees depending on the results from the comprehensive review.
4. Promote and affirmatively further fair housing opportunities and promote housing throughout the community or communities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, color, familial status, or disability, and other characteristics... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(5).)
The element must be revised to add or modify goals and actions based on the outcomes of a complete analysis. Goals and actions must specifically respond to the analysis and to the identified and prioritized contributing factors to fair housing issues and must be significant and meaningful enough to overcome identified patterns and trends. Actions must have specific commitment, milestones, geographic targeting and metrics or numerical targets and, as appropriate, address housing mobility enhancement, new housing choices and affordability in high opportunity areas, place-based strategies for community preservation and revitalization and displacement protection.
D. Public Participation
Local governments shall make a diligent effort to achieve public participation of all economic segments of the community in the development of the Housing Element, and the element shall describe this effort. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd.(c)(9).) While the element includes a description of its efforts to achieve public participation, it should also demonstrate diligent efforts were made to involve all economic segments of the community in the development of the housing element. The element could describe the efforts to circulate the housing element among low- and moderate-income households and organizations that represent them and to involve such groups and persons in the element throughout the process.
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Attachment: Exhibit A - Housing Element Review Letter (2023-02-16) (Housing Element Update) ATTACHMENT 2, EXHIBIT A – RESPONSE TO HCD FINDINGS
Comment Response
A thorough program-by-program review is necessary to evaluate City's performance in addressing housing goals. As part of this analysis, the element should describe the actual results of the prior element’s programs, including quantification where appropriate and based on that information, re-evaluate program effectiveness and the appropriate modifications in the current planning period.
Analysis added to 1.14 to elaborate on program
successes and failures.
In addition, as part of the review of programs in the past cycle, the element must also provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of goals, policies, and related actions in meeting the housing needs of special needs populations (e.g., elderly, persons with disabilities, large households, female headed households, farmworkers and persons experiencing homelessness). Programs should be revised as appropriate to reflect the results of this evaluation.
Analysis added to 1.14 to elaborate on program
successes and failures.
Segregation and Integration: While the element generally reports data on segregation and integration, it should also evaluate that data using local data and knowledge and other relevant factors. For example, the element should describe factors that influence the geographic concentration of higher and low-income residents within the City and describe the contributing factors to the concentration of higher income residents.
Neighborhood conditions have been detailed in
section 4.5 to identify data points surrounding the
westerly and easterly Census tracts of the City. These
characteristics include activity outside City limits in all directions, including Rohnert Park (northwestern and L
Section) and unincorporated communities extending
from Wilfred Road to the community of Penngrove.
Disparities in Access to Opportunity: The element should evaluate other relevant factors that contribute to the lower education scores within the City. In addition, the element should describe what contributes to the differences in employment scores throughout the City. Lastly, the element should describe the environmental scores geographically within the City and what contributes to the differences in scores.
Neighborhood conditions have been detailed with
greater granularity pertaining to education,
employment, and environmental scores. Data points
include the concentration of various housing types
and, as above, determinants for activity outside City
limits.
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) Disproportionate Housing Needs Including Displacement: While the element includes an analysis of overpayment, the element must also include a regional analysis of overcrowding (i.e., comparing the City to the region). Additionally, while the element identifies areas at risk of displacement due to flooding, the element must further describe the data used to support this and also include an analysis identifying areas at risk of displacement due to fire and earthquake especially since displacement was identified as a prioritized contributing factor to fair housing in the City.
Analysis added; displacement risk due to flooding,
fire, and earthquake not identified.
Sites Inventory: The analysis must identify whether sites improve or exacerbate conditions and whether sites are isolated by income group. A full analysis should address the income categories of identified sites with respect to location, the number of sites and units by all income groups and how that affects the existing patterns for all components of the assessment of fair housing (e.g., segregation and integration, access to opportunity). The element should also discuss whether the distribution of sites improves or exacerbates conditions.
If sites exacerbate conditions, the element should identify further program actions that will be taken to promote equitable quality of life throughout the community (e.g., anti-displacement and placebased community revitalization strategies).
Section 4.5.7 expanded to assess the sites with all
components of the assessment of fair housing,
including information by Census block group and the
number of sites, total units, and lower-income units
within each area. The analysis identifies improves and
exacerbated conditions, and program actions to
promote equitable quality of life.
Extremely Low-Income (ELI) Households: The element includes analysis regarding ELI households such as the number of households and overpayment but must also identify projected housing needs. The projected housing need for ELI households can be calculated by using available census data to determine the number of very low-income households that qualify as ELI households or presume that 50 percent of the regional housing need allocation (RHNA) for very low-income households qualify as ELI households.
Conclusory statement assuming 50% of VLI added to
Section 1.13.
Housing Conditions: The element identifies the age of the housing stock and the number of substandard housing units based on federal data. However, it must include analysis of the condition of the existing housing stock and estimate the number of units in need Code enforcement estimates of rehabilitation and
demolition added to Section 1.10 (subsection: Age
and Condition).
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) of rehabilitation and replacement. For example, the analysis could include estimates from a recent windshield survey or sampling, estimates from the code enforcement agency, or information from knowledgeable builders/developers, including non-profit housing developers or organizations.
Progress in Meeting the Regional Housing Need Allocation (RHNA):
As you know, the City’s RHNA may be reduced by the number of new units pending, approved, permitted or built since June 30, 2022 by demonstrating availability and affordability based on rents, sale prices or other mechanisms ensuring affordability (e.g., deed restrictions). While the element clarifies that units for lower-income households will be deed-restricted, it must describe affordability of the units for moderate-income households based on actual rents or sales prices, beyond the size of the unit. In addition, the element must demonstrate the availability of pending and approved projects within the planning period. This includes addressing the public comment regarding barriers to develop these projects such as scheduling public hearings. Availability should address the status, anticipated completion, any barriers to development and other relevant factors such as build out horizons, phasing, and dropout rates to demonstrate the availability or likelihood of development in the planning period.
Section 3.2.2: Planned, Approved, and Pending
Projects was revised to include additional information
on development projects, including the mechanisms
ensuring affordability, and discussing next steps, any
barriers to development, and demonstrating the
availability of these projects within the planning
period. Program 2-7 was added to support the
development of these projects.
Realistic Capacity: While the element states realistic capacity considers land use controls and projects typically develop above maximum allowed densities due to State Density Bonus Law, it must provide support for these assumptions. For example, the element should describe recent projects that support the assumptions, and typical densities of existing or approved residential developments at a similar affordability level in that jurisdiction. The element also needs to analyze the likelihood that the identified units will be developed as noted in the inventory in zones that allow nonresidential uses (e.g., mixed-use). This analysis should consider the likelihood of nonresidential development, performance Table 11: Development Trends within Section 3.5:
Development Trends and Realistic Capacity Analysis
was updated, and clarifies that it includes all projects from 2018-2023 for each respective category. The
sites analysis in Section 3.3 was updated to refer back to examples from the updated table.
The analysis of Sites Allowing Non-Residential Uses
within Section 3.3.3: Sites Suitability Analysis was
updated to include more development trends. Zonespecific capacity factors were derived from this
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) standards, and development trends supporting residential development
analysis and applied to sites in inventory that allow
non-residential uses.
Zoning for Lower-Income Households: The element must
demonstrate densities appropriate to accommodate housing for lower-income households. For communities with densities that meet specific standards (at least 20 units per acre for Cotati), no analysis is required. (Gov. Code, § 65583.2, subd. (c)(3).) Otherwise, an analysis must demonstrate appropriate densities based on factors such as market demand, financial feasibility, and development experience within identified zones. While the element states the City utilizes form based codes, it must include a complete analysis to demonstrate how the zoning encourages the development of units affordable for lower-income households. To estimate allowable densities within form-based codes, the element should describe the relationship between general plan land-use designation and the form-based code, development standards and achievable densities given typical unit sizes. The element could include additional examples of recently built projects and densities to support the analysis.
A Lower-Income Suitability Analysis was added to
Section 3.3.3: Sites Suitability Analysis. This analysis confirms that the element is using the community’s
default density of 20 units per acre, and that the site used to accommodate the lower-income RHNA has
the capacity to accommodate over 16 units.
Suitability of Nonvacant Sites: The element must include an analysis demonstrating the potential for redevelopment of nonvacant sites.
The description of existing uses should be sufficiently detailed to facilitate an analysis demonstrating the potential for additional development in the planning period. In addition, the element should analyze the extent that existing uses may impede additional residential development. For example, the element includes sites identified as single-family residents, religious institutions, and residential, but minimal analysis was provided to demonstrate whether these existing uses would impede development of these sites within the planning period. The element can summarize past experiences converting existing uses to higher density residential development, include current market demand for the existing use, provide analysis of existing leases or contracts that would perpetuate the existing use or prevent additional residential Small non-vacant sites requiring additional analysis in order to be included have been removed from the
Housing Element.
A Nonvacant Sites Analysis has been added within
Section 3.3.3: Sites Suitability Analysis to discuss Site 2 and Site 3. This site-specific analysis addresses
regional trends, developer interest, impediments to
redevelopment, market demand for the existing uses,
and other factors.
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) development and include current information on development trends and market conditions in the City and relate those trends to the sites identified. The element could also consider indicators such as age and condition of the existing structure expressed developer interest, low improvement to land value ratio, and other factors.
Adequate Sites Alternatives: Please note, under limited circumstances, the City may credit up to 25 percent of its adequate sites requirement by income group, by counting existing units preserved through the provision of “committed assistance” to that income category’s households at affordable housing costs or affordable rents. (Gov. Code, § 65583.1, subd. (c).) However, the housing element must demonstrate compliance with all the statutory requirements and must clarify whether the Windwood Apartments meets the Adequate Sites Program Alternative Checklist (Gov. Code, § 65583.1, subd. (c).) For example, the element must describe the public hearing process which found the units eligible and reasonably expected to convert to market-rate as well as the specific date in which the committed assistance will be in place. For additional information and an Alternative Adequate Sites Checklist, see the Building Blocks at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-andcommunity-development/housing-elements/buildingblocks/analysis-sites-and-zoning.
Due to timeframe required by the Adequate
Alternative Sites process, Windwood Apartments is no
longer included in the Housing Element to fulfill the
6th Cycle RHNA.
Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types (Emergency Shelters): While the element was revised to describe development standards for emergency shelters, it must analyze whether the requirements in the management plan are consistent with statutory requirements per Government Code section 65583 (a)(4), a constraint to the development of emergency shelters, and add a program as appropriate. In addition, while the element states the City complies with AB 139 emergency shelter parking standards, the parking requirements listed require a greater number of parking spots than allowed and must be revised.
Analysis added, and Program 3-3: Zoning for A Variety
of Housing Types amended to ensure adequate
provisions for emergency shelters in the City’s code
by the end of 2023: "Allow emergency shelters to be a
by-right use in zones consistent with statutory
requirements per Government Code section 65583
(a)(4). Additionally, parking requirements listed
currently require a greater number of parking spots
than allowed for emergency shelters and will be
amended to comply pursuant to AB 139."
Land Use Controls: While the element describes land use controls, heights are limited to 35 feet in many commercial zones and specific The Housing Element has been revised to reflect that
the City has recently allowed 35ft or 3 stories in
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) plan areas that allow multifamily. The element must add a program to ensure three story developments are allowed in zones that allow multifamily. In addition, two parking spaces are required in the LP, NG, and CA zones regardless of the number of bedrooms per unit.
The element must be revised to remove constraints on parking including but not limited to the number of spaces for studio and one-bedroom units, garage requirements for multifamily
developments, and additional parking requirements for residential care homes. Lastly, the element should analyze whether maximum densities can be achieved in the NM and NU zones with required front and rear setbacks, a maximum lot coverage of 50 percent, and height restriction of 28 feet and add a program as needed.
NM/NU zones, and the City’s code has not yet been
updated to reflect that change.
Programmatic language has also been added to
ensure that the City takes a graduated approach to
parking requirements in alignment with Density Bonus
Law standards.
Fees and Exaction: The element must describe all required fees for single-family and multifamily housing development, including impact fees, and analyze their impact as potential constraints on housing supply and affordability. While the element includes a table of development impact fees, it must include all building and permit fees for single-family and multifamily developments. In addition, the analysis could identify the total amount of fees and their proportion to the development costs for both single family and multifamily housing.
Further analysis of the City’s fees (beyond
development impact fees) have been added to the
Technical Background Report.
Local Processing and Permit Procedures: While the element describes the permitting times, it must clarify whether it is for both single-family and multifamily developments. in addition, the element must analyze the conditional use permit (CUP) findings and procedures for multifamily developments. The element states that CUPs are required for all multifamily housing of more than four units unless it is in the NU zone if 25 percent of the units are affordable to lower-income and the development proposes more than ten units The element must analyze the CUP requirements as a potential constraint on housing supply and affordability and demonstrate realistic opportunities for multifamily. The analysis should identify findings of approval for the CUP and their potential impact on development approval certainty, timing, feasibility and cost. The TBR Section 4.3.4 (Local Processing and Permit Fees)
revised to reflect that conditional use permits are not required for multifamily development in any zoning
district except Low Density Residential.
NM and NU zones have been updated, and the City’s
code itself is out of date.
Conditional use permits are not required for
multifamily development in any zoning district except
Low Density Residential.
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) analysis should address the approval body, the number of public hearing if any, approval findings and any other relevant information.
If constraints are identified, programs should be included to address and remove or modify these constraints.
The City has not received any requests for lesser
densities within the prior planning period. The City
has minimum residential density requirements.
Building Codes and Enforcement: The element must describe and analyze which building code is enforced, any local amendments to the building code and their enforcement for impacts on housing supply and affordability.
TBR Section 4.4.2 (Building Codes and Enforcement)
revised to reflect that Cotati enforces the 2023
California Building Code, and CalGreen Tier 1 is the
most applicable local amendment. The enforcement
of the 2023 Building Code and CalGreen Tier 1
amendment have not been identified as having any
impact on housing supply and affordability in Cotati.
These standards are consistent across most North Bay
communities and allow the future cost of home
ownership/occupancy to be reduced through lower
utility bills (electricity, gas and water), and resulting in a reduced long-term cost of living.
Approval Time and Requests Lesser Densities: The element must include analysis of requests to develop housing at densities below those identified, the length of time between receiving approval for a housing development and submittal of an application for building permits that potentially. The element must address any hinderance on the development of housing and include programs as
appropriate.
The City has not received any requests for lesser
densities within the prior planning period. The City
has minimum residential density requirements.
C. Housing Programs
To address the program requirements of Government Code section 65583, subdivision (c)(1-6), and to facilitate implementation, programs should include: (1) a description of the City’s specific role in implementation; (2) definitive implementation timelines; (3) objectives, quantified where appropriate; and (4) identification of responsible agencies and officials. Programs to be revised include the following:
Programs have been comprehensively amended to
provide definitive implementation timelines,
objectives, and geographic scope.
Program 1-3 (Non-Profit and Agency Coordination – Existing Housing Needs): The program should be revised to include specific Program 1-2 amended to reflect deliverable of
presenting results of the annual Housing Fair to the
City Council for direction.
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) implementation of what will result from the identified discussions and reporting results to council.
Program 4-1 (Anti-Displacement Actions): The program must include specific timing of when the replacement housing requirements will be implemented.
Amended language in Program 4-1: AntiDisplacement Actions to clarify outreach action and timeline: "The City will conduct outreach to residents
of 100% of nonvacant sites within the City’s Sites
Inventory that may be replaced by new construction
within 90 days of permit application on any given
site(s)."
Program 4-2 (Housing Discrimination Complaints): The program should be revised to include outreach beyond a brochure on the City’s counter as well as specify what actions will result from participation in meetings.
Program 4-2 revised to detail the City’s process for
resolution of handling housing discrimination
complaints.
Program 4-3 (Nondiscrimination & Fair Housing Information): The program should be revised to include timing on how often information and the inventory will be updated.
Annual timeline clarified.
As noted in Finding B3, the element does not include a complete site analysis, therefore, the adequacy of sites and zoning were not established. Based on the results of a complete sites inventory and analysis, the City may need to add or revise programs to address a shortfall of sites or zoning available to encourage a variety of housing types.
The City will submit a complete Sites Inventory with
the Adopted Housing Element pursuant to State law.
As noted in Finding(s) B4 and B5, the element requires a complete analysis of potential governmental and nongovernmental
constraints. Depending upon the results of that analysis, the City may need to revise or add programs and address and remove or mitigate any identified constraints. In addition, the element should be revised as follows:
The City has completed an analysis of governmental
and nongovernmental constraints. Between the time
of the HCD letter and Housing Element adoption,
further constraints were not identified to the point of identifying programmatic needs.
Program 3-1 (Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types): While the element includes revisions to allowing group homes for more than seven residents, it limits the allowance of group homes to persons with disabilities. This language should be removed to ensure all group homes of seven or more residents are permitted in residential zones objectively with approval certainty similar to other residential Definition expanded; timeline clarified.
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update) uses, not just the ones who serve persons with disabilities.
Additionally, the program should be revised to ensure approval certainty. Lastly, the timing of the rezone should be revised to be no later than February 2026.
Program 3-5 (Review Processing Fees): The program should be revised to commit to making revisions to City fees depending on the results from the comprehensive review.
Added commitment “and complete beneficial
revisions to City fees identified in the study by June
2026.”
The element must be revised to add or modify goals and actions based on the outcomes of a complete analysis. Goals and actions must specifically respond to the analysis and to the identified and prioritized contributing factors to fair housing issues and must be significant and meaningful enough to overcome identified patterns and trends. Actions must have specific commitment, milestones, geographic targeting and metrics or numerical targets and, as appropriate, address housing mobility enhancement, new housing choices and affordability in high opportunity areas, place-based strategies for community preservation and revitalization and displacement protection.
Informed by the analysis of contributing factors to fair housing issues, the Housing Element has been revised
through programmatic changes to assess geographic
scope of each program. This analysis is informed by
the City’s capacity to support housing programs with
particular attention paid to the needs of special needs groups.
C. Public Participation
While the element includes a description of its efforts to achieve public participation, it should also demonstrate diligent efforts were made to involve all economic segments of the community in the development of the housing element. The element could describe the efforts to circulate the housing element among low- and moderate-income households and organizations that represent them and to involve such groups and persons in the element throughout the process.
Appendix C has been revised to connect stakeholder
input directly to housing programs. In addition, detail has been added reflecting the City’s outreach
conducted to mobile home parks and management of
senior housing developments within the City in
promotion of a series of bilingual Housing Element
workshops conducted in May 2022.
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Attachment: Exhibit A1 - Response to HCD Findings (Housing Element Update)
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update)
CONTENTS
Section I: Introduction & Summary ....................................................................... 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 DEFINITION AND PURPOSE ............................................................................ 1
1.3 CONSISTENCY WITH STATE LAWS AND GENERAL PLAN .............................. 1
1.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ................................................................................. 2
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSING ELEMENT ............................................... 2
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................................... 3
1.7 DATA SOURCES .............................................................................................. 4
1.8 COMMUNITY PROFILE .................................................................................... 6
1.9 CHANGING HOUSING NEEDS AND DEMOGRAPHICS.................................... 7
1.9.1 Population Characteristics and Trends ................................................................... 7 Age Composition ............................................................................................................ 8 Race and Ethnicity ........................................................................................................... 8 Employment and Income ............................................................................................... 9
1.9.2 Household Incomes and Housing Affordability .................................................. 10
1.9.3 Special Needs Populations .................................................................................... 12 Homeless ........................................................................................................................ 12 Disabled .......................................................................................................................... 12 Elderly ............................................................................................................................. 13 Large Households ......................................................................................................... 14 Female-Headed Households ....................................................................................... 15 Farmworkers .................................................................................................................. 15
1.10 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSING STOCK ................................................... 16 Type ................................................................................................................................. 16 Tenure ............................................................................................................................. 16 Age and Condition ........................................................................................................ 17 Overcrowding ................................................................................................................ 18 Vacancy ........................................................................................................................... 19 Prices ............................................................................................................................... 20 Preservation of Assisted Units at Risk of Conversion ................................................ 21
1.11 SUMMARY OF CONSTRAINTS .................................................................... 21
1.12 SUMMARY OF FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS .................................................. 22 Ensuring Equitable Zoning Practices .......................................................................... 23
1.13 REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ALLOCATION ............................................... 24
1.14 2015 COTATI HOUSING ELEMENT REVIEW ............................................... 25
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) Progress Implementing Programs .............................................................................. 25 Lessons Learned ............................................................................................................ 26
1.15 PROGRAM CHANGES IN 2023 HOUSING ELEMENT .................................. 26 Section II: Housing Strategy................................................................................ 27
2.1 HOUSING STRATEGY .................................................................................... 27 Goal H-1: Resilient & Safe Housing ................................................................................. 28 Program 1-1 Housing Rehabilitation ........................................................................... 29 Program 1-2: Home Ownership .................................................................................. 30 Program 1-3: Non-Profit and Agency Coordination – Existing Housing Needs .... 30 Program 1-4: Capital Improvement Program ............................................................ 31 Program 1-5: Preservation of Affordable Housing .................................................... 31 Program 1-6: Preservation of Mobile Home Parks ................................................3332 Program 1-7: Essential Housing Bond Financing Program...................................... 33 Program 1-8: Residential Building Decarbonization ............................................3433 Goal H-2: Housing Production ....................................................................................3534 Program 2-1: Adequate Housing Sites ....................................................................... 36 Program 2-2: Streamlining Housing Development .................................................. 37 Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) ........................................................ 38 Program 2-4: Cottage Housing ................................................................................... 39 Program 2-5: Continuum of Care and Crisis Response ........................................4039 Program 2-6: Santero Way Rezoning to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing ......... 40 Program 2-7: Support Development of Proposed Projects .................................4140 Goal H-3: Affordable, Attainable & Accessible Housing ............................................. 41 Program 3-1: Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types............................................4241 Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing........................ 43 Program 3-3: Maintain Adequate Staff ....................................................................... 44 Program 3-4: Housing Choice Vouchers ................................................................4544 Program 3-5: Review Processing Fees ........................................................................ 45 Program 3-6: Prohousing Designation ...................................................................4645 Goal H-4: Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing ........................................................... 46 Program 4-1: Anti-Displacement Actions ...............................................................4746 Program 4-2: Housing Discrimination Complaints ...............................................4847 Program 4-3: Nondiscrimination & Fair Housing Information .............................4847 Program 4-4: Reasonable Accommodation ..........................................................4948 Program 4-5: Limit Code Enforcement Activities ..................................................4948 Program 4-6: Culturally Appropriate Facilitation and Involvement ....................5049 Goal H-5: Community Engagement ...........................................................................5049 Program 5-1: Annual Report ....................................................................................5049
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) Program 5-2: Workshops and Public Hearings .....................................................5150 Program 5-3: Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................5150 Program 5-4: Accessible & Transparent Information............................................5150
2.2 QUANTIFIED OBJECTIVES ........................................................................ 5251 SECTION III: HOUSING SITES .......................................................................... 5452
3.1 CONTEXT .................................................................................................. 5452
3.2 PROJECTED DEVELOPMENT AND RHNA CREDIT .................................... 5553
3.2.1 ADUs and JADUs .............................................................................................5553
3.2.2 Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects ..................................................5654 Cotati Station ..............................................................................................................6055 Cotati Village ..............................................................................................................6056 East Cotati Cottage Housing ....................................................................................6156 La Plaza View ..............................................................................................................6156 Lasker Lane .................................................................................................................6156 Pink Viking ..................................................................................................................6157 Redwood Row ............................................................................................................6257 Red’s Residential ........................................................................................................6257
3.3 REALISTIC CAPACITY OF SITES ZONED FOR HOUSING ........................... 6257
3.3.1 Vacant Sites.......................................................................................................6659
3.3.2 Non-Vacant Sites ..............................................................................................6860
3.3.3 Sites Suitability Analysis ..................................................................................7662
3.4 PROGRAMS TO ASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING ................ 7964 Program 1-7: Essential Bond Financing Program .................................................7964 Program 2-1: Adequate Housing Sites ...................................................................7964 Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units .................................................................7964 Program 2-4: Cottage Housing ...............................................................................8064 Program 2-6: Santero Way Rezoning ......................................................................8064 Program 2-7: Supporting Development on Inventory Sites ................................8064 Program 3-1: Sites Used in Multiple Planning Periods .........................................8065 Program 4-1: Anti-Displacement Actions ...............................................................8065
3.5 DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND REALISTIC CAPACITY ANALYSIS .............. 8165
3.6 FAIR HOUSING CONSIDERATIONS........................................................... 8366
3.6.1 Improved Conditions ......................................................................................8567
3.6.2 Exacerbated Conditions .................................................................................8567
3.7 INFRASTRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................... 8568
3.7.1 Water .................................................................................................................8668
3.7.2 Sewer .................................................................................................................8668
3.7.3 Other Utilities ...................................................................................................8668
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update)
3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................... 8668
3.8.1 Fire .....................................................................................................................8769
3.8.2 Seismic Hazards ...............................................................................................8769
3.8.3 Flood .................................................................................................................8971
3.8.4 Special Status Species .....................................................................................9072
3.9 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 9274 Section I: Introduction & Summary ....................................................................... 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 DEFINITION AND PURPOSE ............................................................................ 1
1.3 CONSISTENCY WITH STATE LAWS AND GENERAL PLAN .............................. 1
1.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ................................................................................. 2
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSING ELEMENT ............................................... 2
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................................... 3
1.7 DATA SOURCES .............................................................................................. 4
1.8 COMMUNITY PROFILE .................................................................................... 6
1.9 CHANGING HOUSING NEEDS AND DEMOGRAPHICS.................................... 7
1.9.1 Population Characteristics and Trends ................................................................... 7 Age Composition ............................................................................................................ 8 Race and Ethnicity ........................................................................................................... 8 Employment and Income ............................................................................................... 9
1.9.2 Household Incomes and Housing Affordability .................................................. 10
1.9.3 Special Needs Populations .................................................................................... 12 Homeless ........................................................................................................................ 12 Disabled .......................................................................................................................... 12 Elderly ............................................................................................................................. 13 Large Households ......................................................................................................... 14 Female-Headed Households ....................................................................................... 15 Farmworkers .................................................................................................................. 15
1.10 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSING STOCK ................................................... 16 Type ................................................................................................................................. 16 Tenure ............................................................................................................................. 16 Age and Condition ........................................................................................................ 17 Overcrowding ................................................................................................................ 18 Vacancy ........................................................................................................................... 19 Prices ............................................................................................................................... 20 Preservation of Assisted Units at Risk of Conversion ................................................ 21
1.11 SUMMARY OF CONSTRAINTS .................................................................... 21
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update)
1.12 SUMMARY OF FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS .................................................. 22 Ensuring Equitable Zoning Practices .......................................................................... 23
1.13 REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ALLOCATION ............................................... 24
1.14 2015 COTATI HOUSING ELEMENT REVIEW ............................................... 25 Progress Implementing Programs .............................................................................. 25 Lessons Learned ............................................................................................................ 26
1.15 PROGRAM CHANGES IN 2023 HOUSING ELEMENT .................................. 26 Section II: Housing Strategy................................................................................ 27
2.1 HOUSING STRATEGY .................................................................................... 27 Goal H-1: Resilient & Safe Housing ................................................................................. 28 Program 1-1 Housing Rehabilitation ........................................................................... 29 Program 1-2: Home Ownership .................................................................................. 30 Program 1-3: Non-Profit and Agency Coordination – Existing Housing Needs .... 30 Program 1-4: Capital Improvement Program ............................................................ 31 Program 1-5: Preservation of Affordable Housing .................................................... 31 Program 1-6: Preservation of Mobile Home Parks .................................................... 32 Program 1-7: Essential Housing Bond Financing Program...................................... 33 Program 1-8: Residential Building Decarbonization ................................................ 33 Goal H-2: Housing Production ........................................................................................ 34 Program 2-1: Adequate Housing Sites ....................................................................... 36 Program 2-2: Streamlining Housing Development .................................................. 37 Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) ........................................................ 38 Program 2-4: Cottage Housing ................................................................................... 39 Program 2-5: Continuum of Care and Crisis Response ............................................ 39 Program 2-6: Santero Way Specific Plan .................................................................... 40 Goal H-3: Affordable, Attainable & Accessible Housing ............................................. 40 Program 3-1: Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types................................................ 41 Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing........................ 42 Program 3-3: Maintain Adequate Staff ....................................................................... 43 Program 3-4: Housing Choice Vouchers .................................................................... 44 Program 3-5: Review Processing Fees ........................................................................ 44 Program 3-6: Prohousing Designation ....................................................................... 45 Goal H-4: Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing ........................................................... 45 Program 4-1: Anti-Displacement Actions ................................................................... 45 Program 4-2: Housing Discrimination Complaints ................................................... 46 Program 4-3: Nondiscrimination & Fair Housing Information ................................. 47 Program 4-4: Reasonable Accommodation .............................................................. 47 Program 4-5: Limit Code Enforcement Activities ...................................................... 48
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) Program 4-6: Culturally Appropriate Facilitation and Involvement ........................ 48 Goal H-5: Community Engagement ............................................................................... 48 Program 5-1: Annual Report ........................................................................................ 49 Program 5-2: Workshops and Public Hearings ......................................................... 49 Program 5-3: Stakeholder Engagement .................................................................... 49 Program 5-4: Accessible & Transparent Information................................................ 50
2.2 QUANTIFIED OBJECTIVES ............................................................................ 50 SECTION III: HOUSING SITES .............................................................................. 51
3.1 CONTEXT ...................................................................................................... 51
3.2 PROJECTED DEVELOPMENT AND RHNA CREDIT ........................................ 52
3.2.1 ADUs and JADUs ................................................................................................. 52
3.2.2 Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects ...................................................... 53 Cotati Station .................................................................................................................. 55 Cotati Village .................................................................................................................. 55 East Cotati Cottage Housing ........................................................................................ 55 La Plaza View .................................................................................................................. 56 Lasker Lane ..................................................................................................................... 56 Pink Viking ...................................................................................................................... 56 Redwood Row ................................................................................................................ 56 Red’s Residential ............................................................................................................ 56
3.3 REALISTIC CAPACITY OF SITES ZONED FOR HOUSING ............................... 57
3.3.1 Vacant Sites........................................................................................................... 58
3.3.2 Non-Vacant Sites .................................................................................................. 61
3.3.1 Sites Suitability Analysis ...................................................................................... 66
3.4 ADEQUATE SITES ALTERNATIVES ................................................................ 67
3.5 PROGRAMS TO ASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING .................... 68 Program 1-7: Essential Bond Financing Program ..................................................... 68 Program 2-1: Adequate Housing Sites ....................................................................... 68 Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units ..................................................................... 68 Program 2-4: Cottage Housing ................................................................................... 68 Program 2-6: Santero Way Specific Plan Update ...................................................... 68 Program 3-1: Sites Used in Multiple Planning Periods ............................................. 68
3.5 DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND REALISTIC CAPACITY ANALYSIS .................. 69
3.6 FAIR HOUSING CONSIDERATIONS............................................................... 70
3.6.1 Improved Conditions .......................................................................................... 71
3.6.2 Exacerbated Conditions ..................................................................................... 71
3.7 INFRASTRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................... 71
3.7.1 Water ..................................................................................................................... 72
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update)
3.7.2 Sewer ..................................................................................................................... 72
3.7.3 Other Utilities ....................................................................................................... 72
3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................... 72
3.8.1 Fire ......................................................................................................................... 73
3.8.2 Seismic Hazards ................................................................................................... 73
3.8.3 Flood ..................................................................................................................... 75
3.8.4 Special Status Species ......................................................................................... 76
3.9 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 78
FIGURES
Figure 1: City of Cotati Location within Sonoma County ............................................................. 77 Figure 2: Population by Age, 2000-2019 ....................................................................................... 88 Figure 3: Resident Employment by Industry ............................................................................. 1010 Figure 4: Household Income Level by Household Size ........................................................... 1111 Figure 5: Cost Burden by Income Level ..................................................................................... 1212 Figure 6: Disability by Type ......................................................................................................... 1313 Figure 7: Households by Household Size .................................................................................. 1515 Figure 8: Housing Type Trends ................................................................................................... 1616 Figure 9: Housing Tenure by Age ............................................................................................... 1717 Figure 10: Housing Units by Year Structure Built ...................................................................... 1818 Figure 11: Overcrowding Severity .............................................................................................. 1919 Figure 12: Occupancy Status....................................................................................................... 2020 Figure 13: Median Home Values, 2001-2021 ............................................................................ 2121 Figure 14: Location of Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects ........................................ 5855 Figure 15: Location of Housing Opportunity Sites ................................................................... 6358 Figure 16: Housing Opportunity Sites by Opportunity Area ................................................... 8467 Figure 17: Fire Hazard Severity Zones ....................................................................................... 8769 Figure 18: Earthquake Hazard Zones ......................................................................................... 8870 Figure 19: Deep-Seated Landslide Susceptibility ..................................................................... 8870 Figure 20: Flood Hazard Zones ................................................................................................... 8971 Figure 21: California Tiger Salamander Range ......................................................................... 9173 Figure 1: City of Cotati Location within Sonoma County .................................................................. 7 Figure 2: Population by Age, 2000-2019 ............................................................................................ 8 Figure 3: Resident Employment by Industry .................................................................................. 10 Figure 4: Household Income Level by Household Size .................................................................. 11 Figure 5: Cost Burden by Income Level ........................................................................................... 12 Figure 6: Disability by Type .............................................................................................................. 13 Figure 7: Households by Household Size ........................................................................................ 15 Figure 8: Housing Type Trends ........................................................................................................ 16 Figure 9: Housing Tenure by Age ..................................................................................................... 17 Figure 10: Housing Units by Year Structure Built .......................................................................... 18 Figure 11: Overcrowding Severity .................................................................................................... 19
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) Figure 12: Occupancy Status ............................................................................................................ 20 Figure 13: Median Home Values, 2001-2021 ................................................................................. 21 Figure 14: Location of Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects ................................................ 55 Figure 15: Location of Housing Opportunity Sites ......................................................................... 57 Figure 16: Housing Opportunity Sites by Opportunity Area ......................................................... 71 Figure 17: California Tiger Salamander Range ............................................................................... 77 TABLES
Table 1: Comparative Trends in Racial and Ethnic Composition, 2010-2020 .............................. 8 Table 2: Cotati Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), 2023-2031 ................................. 24 Table 3: Progress in Achieving 2015 Quantified Objectives by Income................................ 2625 Table 4: Summary of Quantified Objectives, City of Cotati, 2023-2031 ................................ 5251 Table 5: Cotati Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), 2023-2031 ............................. 5451 Table 6: ADU Permits Issued or Completed by Year in Cotati ................................................ 5653 Table 7: Assumed Affordability for 6th Cycle ADUs ................................................................. 5653 Table 8: Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects for RHNA Credit ................................... 5754 Table 9: RHNA and Site Capacity ................................................................................................ 6558 Table 10: Capacity of Sites Allowing Residential Development ............................................. 6558 Table 11: Development Trends .................................................................................................. 8169
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 1 Section I: Introduction & Summary
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter of the Cotati General Plan presents goals, policies, programs, and supporting information related to the provision of housing for existing and future residents of the City. The purpose of the Housing Element is twofold:
Present specific policies and actions for housing development to meet Cotati’s specific, identified housing needs; and
Meet regional standards and achieve State certification, pursuant to statutory requirements.
1.2 DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
The Housing Element of the General Plan is a detailed statement of the housing goals, policies, programs, and quantified objectives for the City. The Element is based on a comprehensive technical assessment of existing housing policies and programs; current and projected housing needs, especially related to low-income households and special needs populations; an analysis of market, environmental, governmental, and other factors that constrain housing production; an assessment of ways that the City can affirmatively further fair housing for its residents; an inventory of sites available for housing construction; and an assessment of new programs and policies that can enhance housing production in the City.
The purpose of the Housing Element is to guide decision-making by elected and appointed officials. Specifically, the Housing Element sets forth how the City will address the need for housing, especially by low- and moderate-income families, and special needs families and individuals. The Housing Element also provides housing-related data and information to the public.
1.3 CONSISTENCY WITH STATE LAWS AND GENERAL PLAN
State law requires that the General Plan include an integrated, consistent set of goals and policies. The City of Cotati’s General Plan contains elements relating to land use, circulation, housing, community wellness, noise, conservation, open space, economic development, and safety. The 2023 Housing Element provides goals, policies, and implementation measures that are consistent with all other elements of the General Plan; amendments to the City’s Land Use Element are planned for immediately after adoption of the Housing Element. As the General Plan is amended in the future, the City will ensure the Housing Element remains consistent with the General Plan.
New State law requires that the Safety Element be updated to address climate adaptation upon revision of the Housing Element. The City will ensure compliance with this requirement by updating and adopting its updated Safety Element to follow the 2023 Housing Element. The City will provide a copy of the Housing Element to the water and sewer service providers and has coordinated with these agencies regarding the State-mandated water and sewer service
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 2 priority for housing projects that will help Cotati in meeting its regional housing need for lowerincome households (Government Code Section 65589.7).
Multiple statewide bills have been passed to address the inequitable distribution of pollution and associated health effects in low-income communities and communities of color. SB 535 requires the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) to define disadvantaged communities and SB 1000 requires local governments to identify those disadvantaged communities in their jurisdiction and address environmental justice in their general plans accordingly. As defined by SB 535, Cotati does not currently have any disadvantaged communities. However, Cotati contains a Census tract designated as Low Resource in the 2022 TCAC Opportunity Areas and these neighborhoods will be analyzed and discussed as part of the Assessment of Fair Housing (Section 4.5).
1.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
The public participation requirement of Housing Element law presents an opportunity to engage constituents in defining housing issues, and in creating solutions that both meet the needs of the community and the requirements of state law. It is the cornerstone of the process.
The 6th Cycle Housing Element Update was conducted during the COVID-19 global pandemic and outreach had to be adjusted to allow and encourage meaningful public participation and input without requiring community members to meet or gather in-person. Staff and consultants made use of multiple in-person and digital platforms to facilitate public input. In-person contact included door-to-door canvassing and tabling at events including the Halloween Carnival, Holiday Shop-and Stroll and Cotati Farmers Market. All public surveys and community events were presented bilingually to ensure that all residents had an opportunity to be heard.
As outreach continued, there was evidence of concern that State requirements conflict with community values, creating conflict and tension. These issues were addressed by staff and consultants.
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSING ELEMENT
The Housing Element is organized into four main sections:
Section 1 introduces the overall Housing Element update effort, a summary of housing needs and constraints, a Fair Housing summary, and a review of the effectiveness of the 2015 Housing Element and the City’s progress in its implementation.
Section 2 sets forth the City’s Housing Strategy, which is comprised of the Goals, Policies, and Programs that it intends to implement over the next 8-year planning cycle. The City’s Quantified Objectives are also included in Section 2. Section 3 presents a detailed Housing Site Inventory, including a discussion of the availability of services, and compares this inventory to the City’s projected housing needs.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 3 Section 4, the Technical Background Report, provides statutorily required data including an assessment of housing needs & programs, an analysis of nongovernmental and governmental constraints to affordable housing provision, a discussion of special needs populations, and an assessment of fair housing. Precertified housing and demographic data provided by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG/MTC) is included here.
Given the detail and lengthy analysis in developing the Housing Element, the Technical Background Report also contains the following appendices:
Appendix A: 5th Cycle Housing Element Implementation Progress Appendix B: Sites Inventory
Appendix C: Community Engagement & Input
Appendix D: Community Survey Results
Appendix E: ABAG/MTC Housing Needs Data Packet
Appendix F: ABAG/MTC Segregation Report
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Throughout the Housing Element, a variety of technical terms related to income levels are used in describing and quantifying conditions and objectives. The definitions of these terms follow:
Above Moderate-Income Households – Households earning over 120% of the County AMI, adjusted for household size.
Acutely Low-Income – Households earning not more than 15% of the County AMI, adjusted for household size.
Affordable Housing – Housing that costs no more than 30% of a low-, very low-, or extremely low-income household’s gross monthly income. For rental housing, the residents may pay up to 30% of gross income on rent plus tenant-paid utilities. For homeownership, the residents may pay up to 30% on the combination of mortgage payments, taxes, insurance, and homeowners' dues. Area Median Income (AMI) – The income figure representing the middle point of the County household income. Fifty percent of households earn more than or equal to this figure and 50% earn less than or equal to this figure. The AMI varies according to the size of the household. For the year 2022, the AMI for a fourperson household in County of Sonoma was $112,800. Extremely Low-Income Households (ELI) – Households earning not more than 30% of the County AMI, adjusted for household size.
Federal Poverty Threshold – issued by the Census Bureau and varies by family size, number of children, elderly. There is no geographic variation. For 2021, the poverty threshold for a single person under age 65 was 14,097, for a three-family
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 4 unit with two children, it was $21,831. (Note: this differs from the Federal Poverty Guidelines issued by Health & Human Services).
Low-Income Households – Households earning between 51-80% of the County AMI, adjusted for household size.
Missing Middle Housing – a range of house-scale buildings with multiple units compatible in scale and form with detached single-family homes. (Source:
MissingMiddleHousing.com).
Moderate-Income Households – Households earning 81-120% of the County AMI, adjusted for household size.
Plexes – a single structure that contains more than one dwelling unit. The units share common walls, and each typically has an outside entrance. Examples include duplex, triplex, quadruplex, etc.
Very Low-Income Households (VLI) – Households earning between 31-50% of the County AMI, adjusted for household size.
1.7 DATA SOURCES
The 2021 Housing Element Update makes full use of the pre-certified data package provided by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), which is contained in its entirety in the Section 4 Technical Background Report. In addition to the ABAG dataset, the following sources of data were used to help identify historic patterns of segregation, assess constraints to housing and the market conditions in Cotati; and to better identify specific housing needs:
U.S. Census 2010 and 2020
2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
U.S. Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, Workplace Area Characteristics (WAC) files (Jobs); Residence Area Characteristics (RAC) files (Employed Residents), 2010-2018
U.S. Census Bureau, Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, Workplace Area Characteristics (WAC) files (Jobs); Residence Area Characteristics (RAC) files (Employed Residents), 2010-2018
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Farmworkers; 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), 2020 first-quarter industry employment
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Consolidated Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2013-2017 release
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) ACS tabulation, 2013-2017 release U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Section 202/811 Supportive Housing Programs, 2010 Program Fact Sheet
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 5 U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2020 U.S. House of Representatives, US Code Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership, accessed January 1, 2022
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Continuum of Care (CoC) Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Reports (2019) California Tax Credit Allocation Committee, Opportunity Area Index, 2020, 2021 California Department of Finance, E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2020-2022
California Employment Development Department, Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS), Sub-county areas monthly updates, 2010-2021 County of Sonoma, Grand Jury Report, June 2022
City of Cotati, Annual Progress Reports, 2015-2021
UC Berkeley, Urban Displacement Project
Redfin Housing Market Trends, May 2022
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Farmworkers; 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), 2020 first-quarter industry employment
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Consolidated Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2013-2017 release
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) ACS tabulation, 2013-2017 release U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Section 202/811 Supportive Housing Programs, 2010 Program Fact Sheet
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2020 U.S. House of Representatives, US Code Low-Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership, accessed January 1, 2022
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Continuum of Care (CoC) Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Reports (2019) California Tax Credit Allocation Committee, Opportunity Area Index, 2020, 2021 California Department of Finance, E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2020-2022
California Employment Development Department, Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS), Sub-county areas monthly updates, 2010-2021. County of Sonoma, Grand Jury Report, June 2022
City of Cotati, Annual Progress Reports, 2015-2021
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 6 UC Berkeley, Urban Displacement Project
Redfin Housing Market Trends, May 2022
1.8 COMMUNITY PROFILE
Cotati is located in central Sonoma County along US Highway 101 in the northern San Francisco Bay Area. It lies within the southeastern portion of the Santa Rosa Plain, bounded by the low, rolling coastal hills to the west and the Sonoma Mountains to the east. Several creeks run into the City from the surrounding mountains and hillsides. These mountains and hills, along with the surrounding crop fields and pastures, provide a rural backdrop to the City.
In the 1950’s Cotati was the “Hub of Sonoma County” a close-knit community with its own water and sewer system and top-rated fire department. The drive for cityhood was inspired by its neighbor to the north, newly incorporated Rohnert Park. In order to maintain its character, Cotati rushed to gather signatures and draw boundaries. The city of Cotati was incorporated in 1963.
Cotati is one of only two towns in the U.S. with a hexagonal layout. The fire department, and La Plaza Park are in the center of the hexagon. Constantly rated as one of the best places to live, Cotati has a diverse community, good schools, and a variety of local businesses and activities.
Sonoma State University is just outside of Cotati’s city limit and has played a significant role in the City’s history since moving to its current location in 1966. Because of the youthful influence from Sonoma State, Cotati has a lively night life.
"Use an Accordion, Go to Cotati" is a motto for the Cotati Accordion Festival. Established in 1991, it is one of the most significant accordion festivals in the United States. The festival draws accordion aficionados from all over the world to La Plaza Park to participate in a full weekend of fun, food and music celebrating the beloved squeezebox. In 1997, a statue of festival cofounder Jim Boggio playing an accordion was erected in La Plaza Park.
In 1990, citizens voted for a fixed urban growth boundary and focused development within the City borders. The City then enhanced the downtown area with Priority Development Areas to encourage development in the Downtown Core and Cotati Depot (Santero Way Specific Plan).
In addition, the Sonoma Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART) light rail system began service in 2017, including the Cotati Station situated on the edge of downtown toward the Sonoma State University campus.
Since 2000, population density has increased 17.6% to 4,000 per square mile. Of the jurisdictions in Sonoma County, Cotati has the least amount of exclusionary zoning, only allowing single family dwellings, at just over 40%.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 7 Figure 1: City of Cotati Location within Sonoma County Source: Wikimedia Commons
1.9 CHANGING HOUSING NEEDS AND DEMOGRAPHICS
As Cotati ages and demographics change, different housing needs have arisen, and new programs are needed to meet changing demands. This section explores the characteristics and the housing needs of Cotati residents and helps to provide direction in updating the City’s Housing Element goals, policies, and programs. Comparisons between Cotati’s data and that of Sonoma County and the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) are also covered in this section.
1.9.1 Population Characteristics and Trends
Cotati’s population increased 4.4% between 2010 and 2020, from 7,265 to 7,584. In comparison, Sonoma County’s population increased only 1% between 2010 and 2020, from 483,878 to 488,863. Cotati’s population growth rate of 17.1% over the past two decades is comparable to the surrounding ABAG region at 14.5%.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 8 Age Composition
Cotati’s population is generally younger than the region’s population. The share of the population under 18 years of age is 20.1%, which is slightly higher than the regional County share of 19.3%. Cotati's seniors (65 and above) make up 15.4% of the population, which is lower than the regional share of 20.7%.
Figure 2: Population by Age, 2000-2019
Source: American Community Survey, 2015-2019
Race and Ethnicity
The U.S. Census statistics include the race and ethnicity of a city's population. The most prevalent racial and ethnic categories are as shown in Table 1. The 2010 and 2020 population estimates show that Cotati is experiencing increased percentages of Hispanic and Latino and Native American residents, and decreases in White, Asian, and Black residents. Additional discussion of Cotati’s racial and ethnic composition is included in Section 4.
Table 1: Comparative Trends in Racial and Ethnic Composition, 2010-2020 Cotati Sonoma County California
2010 2020 2010 2020 2010 2020
Hispanic or Latino 17.3% 22.3% 24.9% 27.3% 37.6% 39.4%
White (Non-Hispanic)
alone 72.5% 70.2% 66.1% 58.5% 40.1% 34.7%
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 9 Black or African American
alone 1.7% 1.1% 1.4% 2.1% 5.8% 5.4%
Native American alone 1.0% 2.2% 0.7% 2.2% 0.4% 0.4%
Asian alone 3.9% 2.4% 3.7% 4.6% 12.8% 15.1%
Native Hawaiian or Other
Pacific Islander alone 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3%
Some other race alone 5.9% N/A 0.2% 0.6% 0.2% 0.6%
Two or More Races 5.5% 6.3% 2.7% 4.0% 2.6% 4.1%
Source: U.S. Decennial Census 2010, 2020
Employment and Income
According to the 2019 American Community Survey, the City of Cotati has 4,060 residents in the workforce. The industries with the highest percentage of employees are Health & Educational Services with 1,132 employees (28% of total), followed by Financial & Professional Services and Manufacturing, Wholesale, & Transportation (both 18% of total).
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 10 Figure 3: Resident Employment by Industry
Source: American Community Survey, 2015-2019
1.9.2 Household Incomes and Housing Affordability
Cotati’s median household income was $86,982 in 2019, according to the American Community Survey. This is slightly higher than the County median household income of $86,173. Despite that, there are a considerable number of households (1,042, or 36.7%) with incomes at the “lower” level (80% of AMI or less). The distribution of income is shown in Figure
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 11 Figure 4: Household Income Level by Household Size
Source: U.S. Dept. Housing & Urban Development, Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, 2017 When housing prices are very high, many households must spend a larger share of their income on housing. Households are considered housing cost-burdened when their total housing costs exceed 30% of their gross monthly income, and to be severely cost-burdened when their total housing costs exceed 50% of their gross monthly income. Households with very low and extremely low incomes are disproportionately burdened by housing cost.
Figure 5 below shows the number of cost-burdened and extremely cost burdened households by income level. While Cotati had a higher median household income than the County in 2017, there were 1,113 households overpaying for housing, or approximately 39% of households.
Very low-income households in Cotati faced the direst need, with over 80% cost burdened. 1,910 55
1,328
163
2,954 220
1,740
190
6,884 404
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
All other household types Large Families of 5+ Persons Percent of Households 0%-30% of AMI 31%-50% of AMI
51%-80% of AMI 81%-100% of AMI
Greater than 100% of AMI
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 12 Figure 5: Cost Burden by Income Level
Source: U.S. Dept. Housing & Urban Development, Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, 2017
1.9.3 Special Needs Populations
Homeless
The Sonoma County Community Development Commission conducts annual point-in-time surveys of homeless populations. In 2022, 85 people were reportedly experiencing homelessness in Cotati, an increase from 37 people counted in 2020, according to the 2022 Sonoma County Homeless Census Comprehensive Report. Six people were sheltered, and 79 were unsheltered. Stakeholder input indicates that the majority of those unsheltered sleep in cars in the industrial section of Cotati, and that the methodology of the report may include some individuals outside of City limits due to the arrangement of Census tracts. Services for homeless individuals are available in Cotati, and the primary homeless services providers are North House and A Step Up, two group homes providing a total of 19 transitional housing beds for people experiencing homelessness, addiction, and behavioral health issues. Additionally, the County of Sonoma acquired a house on Arthur Street in 2020, which it owns and operates as transitional housing.
Disabled
People with disabilities experience disproportionate rates of poverty and are the most likely population to experience homelessness, cost burden or inability to afford housing. Studies
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 13 show that persons with disabilities are more likely to experience discrimination when seeking housing compared to other protected classes. In California, 54% of the discrimination complaints received by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development were related to disability status.
Census data from the American Community Survey 2015-2019 indicate that 10.3% of Cotati residents are disabled: 5.61% of adults have a cognitive disability, 4.02% have an independent living disability, 1.88% have a self-care disability, 4.98% have an ambulatory disability, 1.25% have a vision disability, 5.61% with a cognitive disability and 2.74% with a hearing disability.
These numbers are not exclusive, as some residents have more than one type of disability.
The most commonly occurring disabilities among seniors 65 and older were ambulatory (25.6%) and independent living (15.6%). These needs can be addressed through housing strategies that include universal design in new single-family construction (e.g., an accessible ground floor bedroom and bathroom).
Figure 6: Disability by Type
Source: American Community Survey, 2015-2019
Elderly
Elderly persons often have fixed incomes and may have additional special needs related to access and care that may require physical improvements to their homes such as ramps, handrails, lower cupboards and counters, creation of a downstairs bedroom, or other modifications to enable them to remain in their homes. They may also need assistance in the form of a part-time or live-in caretaker.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 14 According to the American Community Survey 2015-2019, about 13.1% of Cotati’s population is aged 65 and above, lower than the County share of 20.7%. However, 9.9% of the population is in the 55-64 age group, which is projected to increase the population of elderly residents by the end of the Housing Element period.
Large Households
Household size can be influenced by a lack of affordable housing options, an increase or decrease in family formations, families leaving an area, and cultural tradition of living with family members reaching retirement age.
In Cotati, the average household size of 2.72 is larger than the County (2.58). In Cotati, the most common household size is 3-4 people (32.8%), followed by 2-person (27.6%) and 1-person (27.4%) households, as seen in Figure 7. Households with five or more people make up 12.2% of the households. Compared to the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) region, Cotati has a similar share of single-person households (27.4% compared to 25% regionally) and 5+ person households (12% vs. 11%).
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 15 Figure 7: Households by Household Size
Source: American Community Survey, 2015-2019
Female-Headed Households
Single parent households, particularly households headed by women, often have lowerincomes and higher living expenses, often making the search for affordable, decent and safe housing more difficult. In addition to difficulties faced by these households in finding and maintaining affordable housing, these households also typically have additional special needs relating to access to day care/childcare, health care and other supportive services.
State law requires an analysis of female-headed households to ensure adequate childcare and job training resources are provided. Of Cotati’s 2,758 total households, 14.3% are femaleheaded; of those, 50.3% had children at home. Of all female-headed households, 17.5% are below the poverty level.
Farmworkers
Farmworkers play a key role in the operation and delivery of the state’s food system. Despite this, farmworkers face a number of economic disadvantages compared to the national population as a whole. Farmworkers tend to have low incomes, higher risk of living in poverty, and limited access to safe, healthy, and affordable housing choices. In 2012, 75% of farmworkers worked alongside or lived with family members according to HCD.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 16 The 2015-2019 ACS identified 153 Cotati residents employed in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations; this represents 3.8% of the Cotati workforce.
1.10 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSING STOCK
Type
Cotati’s housing stock consists primarily of single-family units (64.7%), compared to 57% for the greater Bay Area region. As shown in Figure 8, in comparison to the region, the City has a smaller proportion of multifamily units and a similar proportion of mobile homes. However, the share of single-family zoning in Cotati is the lowest among incorporated jurisdictions in Sonoma County according to Generation Housing’s 2022 report, State of Housing in Sonoma County.
Figure 8: Housing Type Trends
Source: California Department of Finance, E-5
Tenure
Housing security can depend heavily on housing tenure (i.e., whether homes are owned or rented). Cotati has the same rate of owner-occupied homes as the ABAG region at 56%. The City’s housing stock consists of 2,758 occupied units, with 1,563 owner-occupied and 1,195 renter-occupied units.
The high cost of housing in the San Francisco Bay Area has made homeownership difficult for younger buyers and seniors on fixed incomes, as indicated in Figure 9 below. Most Cotati
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 17 households earning below 100% AMI are renters, and the majority of households earning above 100% AMI own their homes. This is consistent with trends found across the County and the larger ABAG region.
Figure 9: Housing Tenure by Age
Source: American Community Survey, 2015-2019
Age and Condition
The age of Cotati’s housing stock is consistent with trends of the greater Bay Area region. While some homes date back to the early twentieth century, most of the housing stock was built during the housing booms of the 1960s to 1990s.
Substandard housing issues are of limited concern in Cotati, with only 1.2% of owned units and
0.8% of rented units with a deficient kitchen, and 1.2% of owned units and no reported rentals with plumbing issues. However, with over 1,000 units reaching 50 years of age during the next 8 years, rehabilitation needs will likely increase during this planning period.
The City’s Code Enforcement Division estimates that there are 10 single-family homes in need of rehabilitation over the planning period, and zero in need of demolition. These properties are primarily occupied by seniors and people with disabilities who may need assistance to bring residences up to code. The City’s multifamily housing stock is generally well-tended, and no units in need of rehabilitation or demolition within the planning period were identified.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 18 Figure 10: Housing Units by Year Structure Built
Source: American Community Survey, 2015-2019
Overcrowding
The ACS definition of overcrowding is more than 1.0 occupants per room, where the number of rooms includes all except kitchens, bathrooms, and hallways. Severe overcrowding is defined as more than 1.5 occupants per room. By these definitions, there are 195 overcrowded households and 37 severely overcrowded households in Cotati.
The rate of overcrowding in Cotati (8%) is higher than the County (5%) and ABAG region (7%).
As in other cities, rental units in Cotati are more likely to be overcrowded and severely overcrowded than owner-occupied units, with 17.8% of rental units experiencing overcrowding compared to 1.3% of owned homes. In addition to the high cost of housing, this may be partially attributed to off-campus residences of Sonoma State University students.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 19 Figure 11: Overcrowding Severity
Source: U.S. Dept. of Housing & Urban Development, Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, 2017 Vacancy
Vacancy trends in housing are analyzed using a “vacancy rate” which establishes the relationship between housing supply and demand. For example, if the demand for housing is greater than the available supply, then the vacancy rate is low, and the price of housing will most likely increase. Additionally, the vacancy rate indicates whether the City has an adequate housing supply to provide choice and mobility. A “vacancy” occurs for several reasons; a home may be listed for sale or being prepared for a tenant. Homes can also be held for seasonal or occasional use by their owners. HUD standards indicate that a vacancy rate of 5% is sufficient to provide choice and mobility.
Cotati’s vacancy rate is 5%, with about 153 vacant units. A lower share (15%) of vacant units are for recreational, seasonal, or occasional use compared to the entirety of Sonoma County (48% of vacant units). This indicates that vacancy rates in Cotati are less influenced by the presence of short-term vacation rentals.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 20 Figure 12: Occupancy Status
Source: American Community Survey, 2015-2019
Prices
While Cotati’s median home price trends closely match those of the larger region, purchase prices are consistently lower than the region according to the 2001-2021 Zillow Home Value Index (Figure 13). In April 2022, the median home value in Cotati hit a new peak of $753,319.
Over the last 20 years, Cotati has ranged between 58% to 83% of ABAG regional median home values.
Despite steady increases in home prices in the past ten years, rents and wages have remained relatively consistent in the last decade; see Section 4.
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 21 Figure 13: Median Home Values, 2001-2021
Source: Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI), 2001-2021
Preservation of Assisted Units at Risk of Conversion
There are no deed-restricted affordable housing developments within the City with a high risk of conversion to market rate in the next ten years. Programs to assist in the preservation of atrisk housing are discussed in Section 2 and Section 4.
1.11 SUMMARY OF CONSTRAINTS
As discussed in Section 4, governmental and non-governmental constraints directly affect the production of housing in a City. Non-governmental constraints such as land costs and construction expenses can limit the development of affordable housing. Relevant nongovernmental constraints include availability of vacant land, the high cost of land and development, and community resistance.
Although financing is readily available for qualified homebuyers, home purchases may be difficult for lower and moderate-income buyers with limited down payments. Homebuyers using conventional financing may also be competing with all-cash offers for homes. These nongovernmental constraints affect the cost of development in Cotati and serve as barriers to housing production and affordability.
In addition to non-governmental constraints, policies and regulations at the Federal, State, and local levels can affect housing production. Local governmental constraints such as processing requirements for development applications, design and development standards, density
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Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 22 limitations, fees and exactions, and uncertainty associated with obtaining permits can affect the price and availability of housing. Potential governmental constraints in Cotati are explored in Section 4.
1.12 SUMMARY OF FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS
Assembly Bill 686 (Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing, or AFFH) requires state and local agencies to take proactive measures to correct any housing inequalities related to race, national origin, color, ancestry, sex, marital status, disability, religion, or other protected characteristics. All Housing Elements due on or after January 1, 2021, must contain an Assessment of Fair Housing. Agencies must ensure that their laws and programs affirmatively further fair housing, and that they take no actions that counter those goals.
Under State law, Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing, means “taking meaningful actions, in addition to combatting discrimination, that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.” Agencies must include in their Housing Elements a program that promotes fair housing opportunities while identifying areas of racial/ethnic concentration across the socioeconomic spectrum. In the context of a community’s housing needs, AFFH is not just about the number of housing units needed, but also about where the units are located and who has access to them.
AB 686 enacts new requirements for the Assessment of Fair Housing; this assessment is contained in Section 4 along with a zoning history of Cotati and allowed housing types. Per HCD Guidance, the analysis assesses enforcement and outreach capacity, segregation and integration patterns, disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs including displacement, and concentrated areas of poverty and affluence across racial/ethnic groups.
Data compiled in the Assessment of Fair Housing and Regional Fair Housing Analysis found high-priority challenges to fair housing and contributing factors to equal access to affordable housing in high opportunity areas in the City including:
Displacement of residents due to economic pressures (rent increases, priced out); Lack of affordable units appropriately sized for large families; Community opposition;
Lack of awareness of and funding for fair housing outreach and enforcement; Lack of public investment in neighborhoods, including services & amenities.
While it is not uncommon to find enclaves of persons with similar cultural background and values, it is necessary to analyze any area demonstrating racial or economic concentration to ensure that the community is not experiencing disparities in access to opportunities such as education, employment, and amenities. Economic, health and environmental metrics are all considered when determining a community or neighborhood’s resources level. The composite score typically used to describe the resource level includes indicators of relative poverty and affluence in three areas:
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Packet Pg. 100 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 23 Economic Score, including indicators such as poverty, employment, median home values, and adult education;
Education Score, including proficiency scores for math & English as well as high school graduation rates;
Environmental Score, including air pollution indicators, traffic density, drinking water contaminants, impaired water bodies, hazardous waste facilities, and pesticides.
An in-depth analysis including an Assessment of Fair Housing is included in Section 4. Section 2 includes specific policies, programs, and actions to be undertaken by the City to address these areas of concentration and to affirmatively further fair housing. Section 3 contains the housing sites location information and maps as part of the AB 686 requirement that jurisdictions identify sites throughout the community in a manner that is consistent with their duty to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing.
Ensuring Equitable Zoning Practices
Single-family zoning is exclusionary when it occurs to the exclusion of other types of residential uses. While Cotati has a high proportion (65%) of single-family homes, it coexists with multifamily zoning. AB 686 requires the City to adopt programs to overcome and reverse historic patterns of exclusion, and to identify locations for affordable housing through the AFFH lens.
The approach taken in the 2023 Housing Element to address past exclusionary zoning practices and to affirmatively further fair housing is two-fold. First, programs are included that amend the City code to allow for all types of housing, including the multifamily apartments and duplexes that have previously been less common in suburban cities such as Cotati;
Secondly, the location of potential housing sites to meet Cotati’s lower-income RHNA is considered through an equity lens, not only by choosing locations in areas throughout the city but also by including programs to promote the development of missing middle houses, duplexes, triplexes, ADUs, and affordable JADUs in the city’s single-family residential neighborhoods.
The Housing Element requires jurisdictions to zone for a variety of types of housing, and programs are included to allow staff-level approval of certain types of housing including low barrier navigation centers and permanent supportive housing in compliance with new state law.
Section 2 includes the specific policies and programs to reverse exclusionary zoning and to affirmatively further fair housing; Section 3 contains the housing sites location information and maps. Sites to be considered for higher-density housing are included within Moderate Opportunity Areas, currently the highest resource designation in Cotati.
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Packet Pg. 101 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 24 1.13 REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ALLOCATION
The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) is a requirement of State housing law and is a determination of projected and existing housing needs for all jurisdictions in California. The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) conducts the RHNA process every eight years.
Every jurisdiction must plan for its RHNA allocation in the Housing Element by ensuring enough sites with appropriate zoning to accommodate their RHNA. The goal is to ensure that local plans have enough appropriately zoned land to accommodate existing and projected housing needs for all income levels for the entire 8-year planning period. Jurisdictions are not expected to build the housing, but they must plan and zone for it.
The RHNA methodology applies several factors to further the objectives of State law and meet the goals of the Plan Bay Area 2050. After a RHNA total is calculated, a social equity adjustment is applied to determine the four income categories. The social equity adjustment is based on household income and access to resources. One of the five objectives of State housing law is to ensure that there is not an overconcentration of households by income group in comparison to the county or regional average. To ensure that the RHNA methodology does not overburden low-income jurisdictions with more low-income households, a social equity adjustment is applied during the Income Group process. Higher income jurisdictions are required to plan for fewer market rate units and more affordable units, while lower income jurisdictions plan for more market rate units and fewer affordable units.
Cotati’s RHNA for the period between January 2023 – January 2031 is 237234 units, divided between income groups areas shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Cotati Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), 2023-2031 Jurisdiction Very Low
Income
(<50% AMI)
Low Income
(50-80%
AMI)
Moderate
Income
(80-120% AMI)
Above
Moderate
Income
(>120% AMI)
Total
Cotati 60 34 39 101 234
Source: ABAG Draft Regional Housing Needs Allocation Plan: San Francisco Bay Area, 2023-2031 While the RHNA is assigned based on the four income categories above, the law also requires that communities plan for the needs of extremely low-income households, defined as those making less than 30% of the County AMI. The housing need for the extremely low-income group is generally considered to be one-half of the very low-income need. This Housing Element utilizes the statutory allowance of a 50/50 split as a framework for dividing the very low-income RHNA of 60 units in half by planning for 30 extremely low-income units and 30 very low-income units. Program actions are included to accommodate any shortfall.
Section 3 provides an analysis of the sites available to meet the City’s assigned RHNA, the Sites Inventory, and any constraints to development of the listed housing sites.
Since its Cotati’s entire RHNA can be accommodated on existing sites with appropriate zoning.
Additionally, Cotati has a “RHNA surplus” and the City does not need is committeding to affirmatively furthering fair housing and will undertake a strategic rezoning se sites of parcels
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Packet Pg. 102 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 25 within its highest resource area (Santero Way Specific Plan Area) to provide more opportunities for housing affordable to the local workforce within areas with higher access to opportunity. and meet its regional housing need. Section 3 provides an analysis of the RHNA surplus, the required sites information, and the housing sites inventory.
1.14 2015 COTATI HOUSING ELEMENT REVIEW
Cotati successfully implemented a variety of housing programs in its 2015 Housing Element.
An evaluation of the City’s progress toward achieving those programs, including an analysis of the differences between what was projected and what was achieved, provides useful data to determine any new or revised policies and programs for the 2023 Housing Element.
In the 2015-2023 Housing Element Update, the City planned for the expansion of the local housing supply for affordable and market-rate housing as well as maintenance and improvement of the existing housing stock. Implementation programs included:
Providing adequate sites at a range of densities to accommodate future housing needs;
Assisting in the development of adequate housing to meet the needs of extremely low, very low, and moderate-income households;
Conserving and improving the existing housing stock through Community Preservation rehabilitation loans and a handy worker program; Preserving the affordability of existing homes that were at risk of conversion to market-rate during the planning period;
Addressing and, where appropriate and legally possible, removing government constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing for all income levels; and
Promoting housing opportunities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, color, familial status, or disability Progress Implementing Programs
The City has been successful in implementing most of the programs in its 2015 Housing Element. As indicated in Table 3, the City was largely successful in implementing its programs to support new construction, while quantified objectives pertaining to rehabilitation and preservation were unsuccessful. Programs were successful when utilized, and programs that were successful in the 5th Cycle have been amended and carried forward in the 2023 Housing Element. Changes include commitments to supplement direct efforts with robust public and stakeholder engagement to maximize program efficacy. Special needs housing is prioritized in the Housing Element, and effectiveness will be enhanced by programs to zone for a variety of housing types and affirmatively further fair housing. See Appendix A for a full list of the City’s implementation programs and their status.
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Packet Pg. 103 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 26 Table 3: Progress in Achieving 2015 Quantified Objectives by Income Income
Group
New
Construction
Projected/
Actual
Rehabilitation
Projected/
Actual
Preservation
Projected/
Actual
2015
Quantified
Objective
Total Units
Realized
2015-2022
Extremely
Low -
Very Low
30 / 11 6 / 0 37 / 0 36 11
Low 35 / 19 4 / 0 45 19
Moderate 15 / 24 25 / 0 -- 71 24
Above
Moderate 100 / 82 25 / 0 -- 152 82
Total 180 / 136 60 / 0 37 / 0 339 136
Lessons Learned
The City was able to meet a number of its objectives through successful programs, including those that preserved affordable units at risk of market-rate conversion, promoted the development of ADUs/JADUs, and allowed of streamlining of housing in the Neighborhood Urban (NU) Zone to support infill development. The City made progress through other programs that were partially achieved including programs supporting affordable housing development, as planned projects encountered difficulties and delays due to a lack of financing. Not all the programs were successful, as detailed in Appendix A.
The high cost of land and construction has made it a challenge for the City to reach all of its programs and quantified objectives. The market drives the cost of development and due to the high cost of construction and land in Cotati, it can be challenging for developers and investors to procure land, build units and then sell or lease them at an affordable rate. These non-governmental factors had the largest effect on the success of the City’s housing policies and programs.
Other factors that led to poor utilization of some of the programs included a lack of information about and promotion of some of the City’s available housing programs such as the utilization of Section 8 vouchers among landlords and residents. Without a focused effort to promote the availability and ease of application for these programs, few residents, property managers, and developers are made aware of them. Additional promotion will help the less successful, yet still applicable programs reach a wider audience and increase participation.
1.15 PROGRAM CHANGES IN 2023 HOUSING ELEMENT
The 2023 Housing Element update is not a comprehensive "new" Housing Element, but rather an update of the 2015 Housing Element. The focus of the update process has been to keep the programs that are working, adding new policies and programs where community needs have changed or where necessary to comply with new State laws. New or revised goals, objectives, policies, and programs are included to meet changing needs and to incorporate community and stakeholder input. Ongoing policies and programs that have been successful
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Packet Pg. 104 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 27 are continued in the Housing Element update; limited-term programs that have already been accomplished have not been carried forward.
Appendix A provides an evaluation of the programs from the 5th Cycle Housing Element and the City’s level of success in achieving them.
Section II: Housing Strategy
2.1 HOUSING STRATEGY
This Section contains the City’s Housing Strategy for the 2023-2031 Housing Element planning period. State law recognizes the vital role local governments play in the supply and affordability of housing. Each local government in California is required to adopt a comprehensive, longterm general plan for the physical development of the city or county. To ensure adequate provision for the housing needs of all economic segments of the community, the Housing Element must:
Identify the agencies and officials responsible for the implementation of the various actions and how consistency will be achieved with other general plan elements and community goals.
Identify adequate sites which will be made available through appropriate zoning and development standards and with the public services and facilities needed to meet the needs of all income levels. This shall include homeownership, rental housing, factorybuilt housing, mobile homes, emergency shelters, and transitional housing. Assist in the development of adequate housing to meet the needs of low- and moderate-income households.
Address and, where appropriate and legally possible, remove governmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing. Conserve and improve the condition of the existing affordable housing stock. Promote housing opportunities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, or color.
The following goals, policies, and programs are designed to address the existing and projected housing needs of the City of Cotati. Each program has one or more individuals, bodies, or agencies responsible for its implementation, along with a potential or committed funding source, and a schedule for its implementation during the 2023-2031 planning period.
Programs implemented and not applicable for continuation since the last Housing Element in
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Packet Pg. 105 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 28 2015 have been removed from this document. Unchanged policies and programs are continued as-is; new and amended programs are identified accordingly:
Goal H-1 Resilient & Safe Housing
Conserve and improve the existing housing stock to provide adequate, safe, and decent housing for all Cotati residents
Goal H-2 Housing Production
Provide adequate sites and pursue funding to accommodate the housing needs of all economic segments of the community
Goal H-3 Affordable, Attainable, & Accessible Housing Expand affordable housing opportunities for lower income households and persons with special housing needs, including seniors, disabled persons, large households, and homeless persons and families
Goal H-4 Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
Promote housing opportunities for all persons regardless of race, gender, age, marital status, ancestry, national origin, color, or sexual orientation Goal H-5 Community Engagement
Ensure public participation in the development of the City’s housing policies, and ongoing collaboration with community stakeholders
For each goal, a set of policies and implementation programs is provided to assist the City in attaining the goal. Each implementation program contains the following information:
Methods to promote housing opportunities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, or color. A concise statement of the specific City actions that will be taken to implement the program.
Funding source.
The City department or other agency responsible for implementation. Schedule for completion.
The expected results of each program are summarized as quantified objectives in Table 4Table
4. Goal H-1: Resilient & Safe Housing
Conserve and Improve the Existing Housing Supply to Provide Adequate, Safe, and Decent Housing for all Cotati Residents
Policy H-1.1: Encourage housing rehabilitation and preservation to assist in the health, affordability, and vibrancy of neighborhoods. (Source: Previous Policy H 1.1) Policy H-1.2: Encourage the stabilization and affordability of neighborhoods by assisting with homeownership opportunities. (Source: Previous Policy H-1.2)
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Packet Pg. 106 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 29 Policy H-1.3: Seek all available funding, including CDBG, HOME, BEGIN, and CalHOME, to provide on-going housing rehabilitation and home ownership programs. (Source: New Policy, Previous Program 1-1)
Policy H-1.4: Enforce conformance with local building codes to ensure that housing is safe and sanitary and to minimize hazards to public health and safety. (Source: Previous Policy H-1.3)
Policy H-1.5: Encourage proper maintenance of essential public services and facilities in residential neighborhoods. (Source: Previous Policy H-1.4).
Policy H-1.6 Encourage the preservation and maintenance of mobile home parks. (Source: Previous Policy H-1.7)
Policy H-1.7 Monitor units at-risk of conversion and facilitate conservation or replacement of any assisted housing units that are planned for conversion to market rate rents. (Source: Previous Policy H-1.8)
Policy H-1.8 Require all residential development that receives housing rehabilitation assistance to enter into a covenant, deed restriction, or other mechanism to ensure: 1) the long-term affordability of the housing units, and 2) if the units convert to market-rate, that the City is reimbursed for its financial assistance with the rehabilitation. (Source: Previous Policy H-1.9) Policy H-1.9: Encourage the development of accessory dwelling units in order to provide additional affordable and attainable market rate rental units in Cotati. (Source: Previous Policy H-1.10)
Policy H-1.10 Continue to expand energy and water efficiency in new and existing residential development to ensure sustainable practices and reduce longterm housing costs. (Source: Previous Policies H-5.1 & H-5.2) Policy H-1.11 Participate in local and regional programs that provide housing rehabilitation, weatherization, and home ownership assistance. (Source:
New Policy, Previous Program 1-1)
Policy H-1.12 Facilitate resident awareness of available housing rehabilitation and home ownership assistance programs by making information on the program available at City Hall and on the City’s website. (Source: New Policy, Previous Program 1-1)
Program 1-1 Housing Rehabilitation
(Source: Previous Program 1-1)
Improve neighborhoods and housing by providing opportunities for home ownership and housing rehabilitation through the following activities:
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Packet Pg. 107 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 30 As funds become available, implement a Housing Rehabilitation Program which provides low interest loans for the rehabilitation of homes owned or occupied by extremely low, very low, low, and moderate income households with an emphasis on assisting extremely low and very low income households. Ensure that the housing rehabilitation program includes provisions for mobile homes and renovations to provide accessibility for disabled persons, to the extent that the funding source allows these types of improvements.
As funds become available, promote awareness of the housing rehabilitation program through contacting neighborhood groups in residential areas with aging housing stock. Outreach shall include program information as part of code enforcement efforts in cooperation with the Building Department. Provide annual funding for a regional or subregional shared planner or grant writer position to prepare funding applications for housing rehabilitation, as budget allows.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: CDBG, HOME, BEGIN, etc.
Timeframe: Seek funding annually; on-going, as funds become available; outreach conducted on an annual basis in the form of publicizing available funding opportunities in the City’s newsletter.
Geography: Citywide, prioritizing homes identified in need of rehabilitation Program 1-2: Home Ownership
(Source: Previous Program 1-1)
Improve neighborhoods and housing by providing opportunities for home ownership by implementing a Home Ownership Assistance Program which provides low interest loans to assist first-time low and moderate income homebuyers in purchasing a home. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: CDBG, HOME, BEGIN, etc.
Timeframe: Seek funding annually; on-going, as funds become available; continue Home Ownership Assistance Program
through the City’s inclusionary housing program, and conduct outreach to housing developers on including ownership units on a project basis.
Geography: Citywide, low and moderate income households Program 1-3: Non-Profit and Agency Coordination – Existing Housing Needs (Source: Previous Program 1-2)
Continue working with and develop new relationships with local agencies, nonprofit housing providers, and local organizations. Participate in an annual discussion on Housing Fair between
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Packet Pg. 108 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 31 housing developers, decisionmakers, advocates, and other interested parties in partnership with the County, the subregion, and local organizations such as the Sonoma County Community Development Commission, Disability Access, and Legal Aid of Sonoma County. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: CDBG, HOME, BEGIN, etc.
Timeframe: On-going annual meetings and coordination with Sonoma County CDC; participate in Housing Fair annually, and report findings to City Council for direction and/or action.
Program 1-4: Capital Improvement Program
(Source: Previous Programs 1-3 & 2-5)
As part of the annual review of the Capital Improvement Program (CIP), determine priorities for capital improvement projects required to maintain the community's aging or nonexistent infrastructure, particularly located in Lower Resource Areas designated in California Opportunity Area Maps. Review of the CIP shall also include verification that areas needing improvement are scheduled for funding to address these needs at a specific time in the future.
Additionally, the Capital Improvement Program shall ensure that infrastructure improvements in Lower Resource Areas improve the circulation and connectivity of the urban fabric to grant all Cotati residents opportunity and mobility. This will be accomplished through improvements scheduled in the Downtown Specific Plan Area, South Sonoma Business Park, and West Cotati Gravenstein Commercial Corridor.
The City shall continue to prioritize lower-income housing development for water and sewer expansion, consistent with Government Code 65589.7 or its successor. Following adoption, provide the Housing Element Update to the City’s water and sewer providers (e.g., the water and sewer division of the Public Works Department).
Responsibility: Community Development and Public Works Departments Funding: General Fund and available funding for CIP projects Timeframe: Annually with CIP update
Geography: Citywide, emphasis in specific plan areas within the western side of the City designated as Low Resource by TCAC Resource Map including aforementioned specific plans and PDA areas;
adjacent to existing and planned affordable housing
developments
Program 1-5: Preservation of Affordable Housing
(Source: Previous Programs 1-5, 1-6, 1-7)
To facilitate the preservation of both deed-restricted and other existing affordable housing, and protect residents from displacement, the City will:
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Packet Pg. 109 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 32 Maintain an updated inventory of affordable housing units, including rental and ownership units, that identifies the number of units by bedroom size and affordability level, funding/affordability source, and expiration date of affordability. Continue to monitor affordable housing developments with expiring deed restrictions, facilitate the acquisition of expiring properties, and conduct outreach to property owners.
Monitor the status of publicly-assisted projects that may become “at risk” of losing affordable housing price restriction through personal contact by City staff with property owners and/or their representatives at least annually. When an affordable housing development is at-risk of converting, assist the owners in identifying resources, including available funding, for the continued provision of affordable units.
Monitor affordable housing developments at risk of converting to market-rate, and specify actions to take by the City within sufficient time prior to expiration of deedrestriction. Upon receipt of notice of a proposed conversion of assisted affordable housing, the City will contact qualified entities as identified by HCD and provided within the Housing Element, and encourage their involvement in the acquisition of the units. The City and partner organizations will work with property owners of at-risk units and provide them with education regarding tenant rights and conversion procedures. The City and partner organizations will also provide information regarding Section 8 rent subsidies through HUD (special vouchers for existing tenants in Section 8 projects), the Sonoma County Housing Authority, and other affordable housing opportunities in the region.
The City has committed to providing financial assistance and will support Burbank Housing in their effort to acquire and preserve the affordability of Windwood Apartments. The City will report on its efforts annually during the preparation of the Annual Progress Report until the units are made available for occupancy, and will count these units towards their RHNA, as allowed by Government Code Section 65583.1(c)(1).
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: City of Cotati Affordable Housing Fund, Sonoma County Community Development Commission and HCD
Mobilehome Park Resident Ownership Program
Timeframe: On-going; proactive outreach around preservation notice law on an as-applicable basis to both property owners and residents no less than three years before the expiration of deed-restrictions. Geography: Citywide
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Packet Pg. 110 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 33 Program 1-6: Preservation of Mobile Home Parks
(Source: Previous Program 1-6)
To facilitate the preservation of mobile home parks and protect residents from displacement, the City shall:
Maintain an updated inventory of mobile home parks, that identifies the number of units by bedroom size.
Educate residents and park owners to facilitate resident purchase of mobile home parks with information on funding sources such as HCD’s Mobile home Park Rehabilitation and Resident Ownership Program (MPRROP). Coordinate with the Sonoma County Community Development Commission to support the preservation of mobile home parks.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: City/HCD Mobile Home Park Resident Ownership Program Timeframe: Continue to support mobile home park residents and owners, and distribute information about the program to mobile home residents by October 2023 and apply for MPRROP Grant during the planning period, when funds are available and resident interest exists. The City shall conduct direct outreach to mobile home park residents at least twice per Housing Element planning cycle and provide MPRROP program information on the City’s website. Affordability information updated within 6 months of adoption of this Housing Element update; maintenance of inventory is on-going.
Geography: Existing mobile home parks, primarily along West Sierra Avenue Program 1-7: Essential Housing Bond Financing Program
(Source: New Program, addresses local and regional needs and priorities) In partnership with a Joint Powers Authority (JPA) and non-profit asset manager, seek to utilize tax exempt bonds to fund: (1) the acquisition of existing market-rate multi-family buildings and restrict future rents to be affordable to households that earn extremely low to moderate incomes, and/or (2) the construction of new deed-restricted affordable housing. In order for asset managers to access these types of bonds, Cities must join a Joint Powers Authority (JPA) and authorize the JPA to issue these bonds on behalf of the City. The asset manager then purchases the multi-family buildings or initiates new development, using only money from the bond financing, and sets the rents to be affordable to low to moderate income households.
Municipal ownership reduces or eliminates the property tax burden and reduces the financing interest costs due to the tax-exempt bond, reducing the carrying cost of the property and allowing the reduced rents to be realized.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: Housing Fund
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Packet Pg. 111 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 34 Timeframe: Establish JPA structure or join existing JPA by December 2023 Geography: Citywide, existing and prior multifamily residential zones Program 1-8: Residential Building Decarbonization
(Source: Previous Program 5-1 – Energy Conservation and Efficiency) Promote energy efficiency and conservation in new and existing residential development through:
Continuing to adopt building and other codes that meet or exceed energy conservation and/or efficiency standards established by the California Energy Code.
As part of any General Plan or Specific Plan Update, ensure location of higher density residential housing near employment centers, high-quality transit and public services to discourage sprawl and conserve energy resources. Continuing to permit and encourage mixed uses and higher densities on in-fill and vacant sites in Priority Development Areas (PDAs) with public serving facilities, such as medical clinics, schools, and grocery stores, to discourage sprawl and encourage short vehicle trips and/or alternative forms of transportation. During preparation of specific plans and master plans, encourage location of higher density residential areas within walking distance of transit, employment-generating uses, schools, parks, community centers, and other amenities. Pursuing available grant programs to provide financial incentives for smart growth techniques and to provide property owners with low interest loans or grants to encourage weatherization improvements, solar/photovoltaic installations, electric vehicle charging, sustainable growth patterns, energy conservation, and energy efficiency.
Provide information on residential building decarbonization and energy conservation for public distribution on the City’s website, including photovoltaic solar systems, heat pumps, kitchen electrification, electric vehicle (EV) charging, weatherization, drought-resilient landscaping, rainwater storage, and residential “laundry-to-landscape" greywater systems.
Create a city-wide standard for deployment of electric vehicle charging, based on residential use types.
Provide clear and transparent guidance on permitting procedures for homeowners and developers interested in implementing residential building decarbonization. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund and Grant Funding
Timeframe: On-going; information available by April 2023 and updated annually
Geography: Citywide, specific plan areas as amended/established
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Packet Pg. 112 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 35 Goal H-2: Housing Production
Provide Adequate Sites to Accommodate the Housing Needs of All Economic Segments of the Community
Policy H-2.1 Ensure that adequate land designated for residential and/or mixed-use development is available to accommodate the City’s fair share of ABAG’s Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) and monitor on an annual basis to ensure continual compliance with State law. (Source: Previous Policies H2.1 & 2.2) Policy H-2.2 Continue to require that residential development in the NU, NM, CG, and DSP zones meet the minimum density requirements identified in the Land Use Code, and report requests for reduced density on an annual basis. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.3)
Policy H-2.3 While the City is able to accommodate its share of the regional housing need without rezoning during the current Housing Element period, to the extent necessary, the City will consider land use re-designation and promotion of existing innovations like the Cottage Housing Ordinance in order to accommodate development capacity that affirm all other goals of the City’s General Plan and maintain Cotati’s rural character. (Source:
Previous Policy H-2.4)
Policy H-2.4 Ensure that public infrastructure planning activities, including sewer, water, and drainage facilities, accommodate the City’s fair share of regional housing needs and that developments including lower income units are granted priority in accordance with Government Code Section 65589.7. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.5)
Policy H-2.5 Ensure that the City’s development requirements, including the standards established by the General Plan and Land Use Code, accommodate and provide for available housing sites that are appropriate for a range of income levels and housing types, including housing to accommodate special needs populations. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.6) Policy H-2.6 Encourage mixed use development, including residential and live/work uses in commercial and office areas where the viability of the nonresidential activities would not be adversely affected. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.7)
Policy H-2.7 Require housing developments to provide housing units at a range of affordability levels to assist in meeting the City’s housing needs as required by Chapter 17.31 of the Land Use Code. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.8) Policy H-2.8 Continue to address the impacts of large-scale commercial and office projects on housing needs through the affordable housing requirements
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Packet Pg. 113 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 36 established by Chapter 17.31 of the Land Use Code. Prioritize workforce housing developments and inclusionary units dedicated to lower and moderate-income workers. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.9) Policy H-2.9 Continue to facilitate, and encourage, the construction of accessory dwelling units pursuant to the City's Accessory Dwelling Unit Ordinance, Cottage Housing Ordinance, and pursuit of “affordable by design” missing middle housing such as junior accessory dwelling units (JADUs) and cohousing. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.10)
Policy H-2.10 Facilitate modular, factory-built housing units on permanent foundations in residential zoning districts and a variety of housing types. (Source:
Previous Policy H-2.11)
Policy H-2.11 Encourage housing development on existing infill sites in order to efficiently utilize existing infrastructure. (Source: Previous Policy H-2.12) Policy H-2.12 Assist in the development of affordable housing, particularly extremely low and very low income units, through the use of in-lieu affordable housing funds as well as CDBG and HOME funds, when available. (Source:
Previous Policy H-2.13)
Program 2-1: Adequate Housing Sites
(Source: Previous Program 2-1)
Continue to maintain an inventory of vacant and underdeveloped residentially designated land and, for sites appropriate for lower income and special needs development, identify the parcel number, parcel size, zoning designation, general plan designation, and allowed density with a density bonus for affordable units. Ensure that the inventory is available for public distribution at City Hall and on the City’s website. Update the inventory on an annual basis to:
Remove any parcels that have been developed and ensure that the remaining parcels are adequate to accommodate the City’s fair share of the Regional Housing Needs Allocation.
Identify additional high-density sites for lower income development if a short-fall of available sites to accommodate the City’s very low- and low-income allocation occurs. Note: The City currently has an excess of available parcels appropriate for very low- and low-income development.
The City shall create and maintain a list of additional sites with appropriate zoning that could be added to the City’s Sites Inventory if and when an analysis provided through the Annual Progress Report indicates that sufficient sites may not exist to accommodate the City’s remaining RHNA, by income level, for the planning period. To ensure sufficient residential capacity is maintained to accommodate the RHNA for each income category, staff will develop and implement a formal, ongoing (project-by-project) administrative evaluation procedure pursuant to Government Code Section 65863 within six months of adoption of the Housing Element. The
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Packet Pg. 114 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 37 evaluation procedure will track the number of extremely low-, very low-, low-, moderate-, and above moderate-income units constructed to calculate the remaining unmet RHNA. The APR will serve to document this evaluation and the evaluation procedure will also track the number of units built on the identified sites to determine the remaining site capacity, by income category, and will be updated as developments are approved. The Sites Inventory may be updated every year as the Annual Progress Report (APR) is completed, and the APR with the updated inventory will be available on the City’s website.
No project approval or other action that reduces the density or development capacity of a site shall be undertaken unless sufficient remaining sites are available (or additional adequate sites are identified) to meet the City’s RHNA obligation prior to approval of the development. Alternate sites shall be made available within 180 days of approval of the development, as required by Senate Bill 166. Identification of the replacement sites, and any necessary actions, to make the site(s) available, will be adopted prior to (or concurrent with) the approval of the development. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going; maintain a dynamic inventory of Housing Element sites by reviewing by April of each year and amending the list as needed; establish administrative evaluation procedure within six months of Housing Element adoption; ensure adequate
alternative sites within 180 days of any project approval incurring net loss of Housing Elements sites capacity.
Geography: Citywide
Program 2-2: Streamlining Housing Development
(Source: Previous Program 2-6, amended to address stakeholder feedback and potential governmental constraints)
Stakeholders from the development community identified streamlining, fast tracking, and providing clear development standards and expectations as the primary mechanisms to reduce governmental constraints to residential development. In order to facilitate new residential development, the City shall implement the following actions:
Continue to provide and encourage an optional pre-application process to meet with representatives from relevant City departments before submitting a development application.
Continue to provide developers of residential projects opportunities to fast track the permitting process, with priority given to discretionary projects proposing affordable housing levels in excess of the minimum 15% inclusionary BMR housing units.
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Packet Pg. 115 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 38 Join in regional collaboration efforts that would streamline housing efforts or increase staff capacity. Ensure the City has sufficient staff capacity to streamline development and implement Housing Element programs, including through the use of supplemental contract staffing.
Develop a written streamlined application process in accordance with SB 35 and SB 330, including the pre-application and the procedure. This process provides a streamlined ministerial approval process to qualified residential and mixed-use development projects. The written procedures and checklists shall be developed and made available at City Hall and on the City’s website. Eliminate the City’s growth management ordinance (GMO) in compliance with SB 330 (2019).
Expand existing Objective Design and Development Standards for SB 35 projects to apply to multi-family, single-family and mixed-use projects. Achieve compliance with new State Density Bonus provisions of AB 2345 and any other applicable changes to State law upon adoption of this Housing Element. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: Ongoing, as projects are proposed; 2024 for City streamlining products and compliance with State law; proactive outreach conducted to housing developers with local and regional presence upon alteration and/or adoption of streamlined application process(es).
Geography: Citywide
Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)
(Source: Previous Program 2-3)
Incentivize and promote the development of accessory dwelling units (ADUs) and junior accessory dwelling units (JADUs) by providing technical assistance and resources for their development and rental through the following actions:
Maintain ADU webpage with accessible information, a simple application, and contact information for questions about and assistance with accessory dwelling units.
Partner with regional organizations that provide technical assistance, including site evaluations, for the development of ADUs and JADUs, and landlord/tenant support, such as the Napa Sonoma ADU Center and Homes for Sonoma. Share resources provided by these organizations, including webinars and technical assistance programs, through the City webpage, newsletter, and social media. Facilitate the development of JADUs by developing promotional materials specific to JADUs and their funding and making these available on the City’s ADU webpage.
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Packet Pg. 116 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 39 In partnership with regional organizations, promote and publicize new allowances for ADUs and JADUs to the public, including place-based promotion for locations with higher income eligibility limits for the CalHFA ADU grant program Reduce penalties for existing unpermitted units and establish a process to legitimize such units. Promote and publicize this program through City website and social media to encourage people with unpermitted units to bring these homes up to code.
Annually report out on the City’s successes in the production of ADUs and JADUs with the City’s APR.
Review ADU production two years into the planning period and compare with Housing Element projections. If actual production is below the projected level, and the City is not meeting its RHNA targets proportional to the duration of the planning period, review options for providing a small grant program to assist eligible residents with costs associated with permit processing or implement other costreducing measures to increase ADU development as the budget allows. Such a grant program shall prioritize ADUs affordable by design to lower and moderateincome residents, as funding allows. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: 2024; as specified for specific follow up actions including review of ADU/JADU production and affordability every two years with programmatic actions to accommodate the shortfall within six months of issue identification (i.e. replacement sites procedure identified in Program 2-1, and in a small grant program); establish process for legitimizing unpermitted ADUs by 2024; report on ADU/JADU production by April of each year; and proactive outreach actions including ongoing maintenance of existing ADU webpage, annual updates from nonprofit partners provided in the City’s newsletter, and specific outreach conducted to residents/owners of unpermitted ADUs within three months of the Community Development Department gaining knowledge of such dwellings.
Geography: Citywide
Program 2-4: Cottage Housing
(Source: New Program)
Continue to promote the Cottage Housing Ordinance established in the 5th Housing Element Cycle to incentivize smaller units and increase the supply of missing middle housing including multiplexes, courtyard cottages, and other such housing types deemed “affordable by design” and allowable under the Cottage Housing Ordinance. The City shall:
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Packet Pg. 117 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 40 Review the success of the Cottage Housing Ordinance on an annual basis and report unit counts as part of the APR.
Assess programmatic constraints with outreach to developers utilizing the ordinance no less than twice per Housing Element planning period. Investigate a supplemental ordinance utilizing SB 10 framework in order to streamline existing provisions of the Cottage Housing Ordinance and expand upon those provisions as deemed appropriate by the City Council. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: Annual reporting in the APR; City Council to review SB 10 ordinance by December 2025
Geography: Applicable zones as identified by Cottage Housing Ordinance and Council findings
Program 2-5: Continuum of Care and Crisis Response
(Source: Previous Program 2-4)
The City will work through the Continuum of Care and County to support funding for the provision of emergency shelters, transitional housing, and supportive housing to provide housing for persons experiencing and at-risk of homelessness. The City shall continue participation in the mental health crisis response (SAFE) Program, or a similar program, to defer police calls to an alternative response from mental health professionals. Responsibility: Community Development Department, Police Department Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: Ongoing
Geography: Citywide
Program 2-6: Santero Way Specific PlanRezoning to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing (Source: New Program, addresses identified housing needs and fair housing) In order to increase residential development in Moderate Resource areas and near amenities, the City will updaterezone sites within the Santero Way Specific Plan Area to increase residential capacity within the Specific Plan area through Transit-Oriented Communities (TOC) or a similar zone to allow more opportunities for residential development. aAt or above the City’s default density. (Note: any prospective rezoning under this program specific plan is independent of the Housing Element’s site identification for accommodation of the 6th Cycle RHNA).
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: Regional Early Access Planning (REAP) Grants and General Fund Timeframe: Rezoning completed by January 31, 2026
Geography: Santero Way Specific Plan Area
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Packet Pg. 118 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 41 Program 2-7: Support Development of Proposed Projects (Source: New Program, addresses housing needs and RHNA) In order to ensure pending and approved projects will be available for occupancy within the planning period, the City will proactively support the processing, approval, and development of these projects (See Table 8Table 8). Specifically, the City will provide automatic fee subsidies and/or in-kind services valued at up to $25,000 for 100% affordable housing developments that comply with the City’s adopted development standards, offer automatic fee deferrals until occupancy for all residential units, streamline permit processing by automatically moving these projects to the front of the queue, and proactively approve requests for extensions of approved entitlements on these sites as permitted by law. Additionally, the City will rezone parcels for the “Cotati Village” project (APNs: 144-050-009 & 046-286-021) to remove the unused PD designation and facilitate the proposed project on this site. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: Support development on pipeline projects beginning in 2023, continuing throughout the planning period
Rezone Cotati Village site by December 2023
Geography: Citywide; rezoning for Cotati Village
Goal H-3: Affordable, Attainable & Accessible Housing
Expand Affordable Housing Opportunities for Lower Income Households and Persons with Special Housing Needs, including Seniors, Disabled Persons, Developmentally Disabled Persons, and Homeless Persons and Families
Policy H-3-1: Ensure that the City’s development standards encourage development of a range of housing types, including multifamily, mixed use, high density residential, accessory dwelling units, cottage housing units, and singlefamily units; implement objective design and development standards in triannual building code review; and incentivize production of lower income housing. (Source: Previous Policy H-3.1)
Policy H-3-2: Provide incentives for discretionary affordable housing development that address community priorities, including density bonuses, expedited processing, relaxation in development standards through the use of concessions and incentives, and either reduction, delay, or waiver of fees when financially feasible. (Source: Previous Policy H-3.2) Policy H-3-3: Continue to provide density bonuses to eligible projects as required by Government Code Section 65915, including projects that meet the minimum amount of total units affordable to extremely low, very low and
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Packet Pg. 119 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 42 low income households or provide units restricted to occupancy for senior households. (Source: Previous Policy H-3.3)
Policy H-3-4: Seek and utilize available County, State and Federal programs and other funding sources that provide housing opportunities for extremely low, very low, low, and moderate income and special needs households. (Source:
Previous Policy H-3.6)
Policy H-3-5: Encourage housing for large and intergenerational families, including through the promotion of accessory dwelling units. (Source: Previous Policy H-3.7)
Policy H-3-6: Continue to facilitate accessible universal design in new housing development and eliminate further barriers to safe and accessible housing for people with disabilities. (Source: Previous Policy H-3.8) Policy H-3-7: Coordinate with regional and local service groups to facilitate linkages between at-risk individuals and families, and organizations that provide support services, such as rapid re-housing programs, house share programs, and services for the homeless. (Source: Previous Policy H-3.9) Program 3-1: Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types
(Source: Previous Program 3-1, Addresses Government Code 65583 and 65583.2) As part of development project review and processing, provide incentives for affordable housing that addresses communities priorities, including housing affordable to extremely low income households, and special needs housing, including: density bonuses, expedited processing, relaxation in development standards (e.g., reduced minimum lot sizes or setbacks, increased height limitations, reduced open-space requirements, reduced parking requirements), and either reduction, delay, subsidy or waiver of fees when financially feasible, and fast-tracked applications. Incentives shall include those identified above and by the Land Use Code and this Housing Element.
The City will review all City Zoning Codes and plans to determine if changes are needed to comply with State laws related to transitional housing, supportive housing, group homes, Low Barrier Navigation Centers, and Accessory Dwelling Units.
City staff will bring forward Municipal Code amendments to address recent changes to State law including, but not limited to the following:
Allow Permanent Supportive housing, as defined in Government Code Section 65650, to be a by-right use in all zones where multifamily and mixed-uses are permitted. (AB 2162)
Allow Low Barrier Navigation Centers to be a by-right use in zones where multifamily and mixed-uses are permitted, including the nonresidential zones where multifamily is permitted. (Government Code 65660)
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Packet Pg. 120 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 43 Allow employee housing consisting of no more than 36 beds in group quarters (or 12 units or less) designed for use by a single family or household to be treated as an agricultural use, as required by CA Health and Safety Code Section and 17021.6. Allow the development of JADUs within all single-family dwellings, including those in the NM and NU zones, and ensure all ADU/JADU requirements are compliant with State law.
Allow Residential Care Facilities for 7 or more clients with disabilities as a permitted use in residential zones, subject only to clear, transparent, objective standards. Amend Density Bonus ordinance for consistency with Government Code 65915, as amended by AB 2345, AB 2334, and any other applicable changes to State Density Bonus Law, including updated parking and height standards. Amend the City’s Zoning Code to permit manufactured homes in the same manner, in the same zones, and only subject to the same requirements as other single-family residential uses.
Amend the City’s Zoning Code to use the maximum parking requirements in Government Code Section 65915 for all multifamily projects without the need for any developer request.
Amend parking requirements and management standards for emergency shelters pursuant to State law, including AB 139.
The City will complete amendments to Specific Plans to ensure compliance with State laws related to transitional housing, supportive housing, group homes, Low Barrier Navigation Centers, and Accessory Dwelling Units. The City will allow developments by right ofat at least 20 units per acre pursuant to Government Code section 65583.2(i) when 20 percent or more of the units are affordable to lower-income households on sites identified to accommodate the lower income RHNA that was previously identified in past Housing Elements. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: Land Use Code revisions adopted in 2023; amend remaining plans regulating land use by June 2024; complete required rezonings by January 2026
Geography: Applicable zones citywide
Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing (Source: Previous Program 3-3)
Continue to seek available funding for lower income and special needs housing to provide affordable housing and special needs housing that addresses the City’s priorities. Funding for housing shall include the following actions:
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Packet Pg. 121 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 44 Support applicants of discretionary projects for County, State, Federal, or other funding applications for affordable (extremely low, very low, and low income) and special needs (seniors, homeless, at-risk of homelessness, large households, disabled persons, developmentally disabled persons, female-headed households, agricultural workers etc.) housing programs, including the Affordable Housing Innovation Program funds, BEGIN, CalHome, Emergency Housing and Assistance Program Capital Development, Housing Related Parks Program, Low Income Housing Tax Credits Multifamily Housing Program – General and Supportive Housing Components, Predevelopment Loan Program, and Transit-Oriented Development Housing Program. Continue to prioritize support of applications for discretionary projects that provide a significant percentage of units to serve the City’s extremely low income, very low income, transitional/supportive, senior, or large family housing needs.
Continue the Housing Fund, with contributions collected from private and public sources to implement and/or supplement the City's housing programs. Use the Housing Fund to make housing available to very low to moderate-income Cotati residents, with an emphasis on very low and low income units for individuals and large families, affordable senior housing, and transitional/supportive housing. Responsibility: Community Development Department, Sonoma County Community Development Commission (CDC)
Funding: Housing Fund and/or various County, State, Federal or other funding sources
Timeframe: On-going, with annual application for County CDBG and HOME Funds and other state and federal funds, when appropriate and available; proactively conduct outreach to developers of projects within the City on a project basis, and outreach to at least three regional developers actively building units under the prioritized criteria.
Geography: Citywide
Program 3-3: Maintain Adequate Staff
(Source: Previous Program 3-6)
Continue to maintain adequate staff in the PlanningCommunity Development Department to process and review housing development applications in a timely manner and to implement the housing programs contained in this Element, through the following actions:
Coordinate with ABAG/MTC, the Sonoma County Community Development Commission, or other regional partners to supply contract planners and supplemental staff services as needed to facilitate the production, protection, monitoring, and preservation of housing in the City.
Formalize the role of Housing Administrator or Coordinator as a duty of in-house staff and/or a third-party administrator, as funding allows.
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Packet Pg. 122 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 45 Augment staff capacity with consultants as deemed necessary to execute City Housing goals.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund and any available grant funds for housing programs
Timeframe: On-going
Geography: Citywide
Program 3-4: Housing Choice Vouchers
(Source: Previous Program 3-7 – Tax-Exempt Financing)
The Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program is a federal subsidy program that helps families afford market-rate, private rental housing. Furthermore, landlords housing Section 8 tenants benefit from federally guaranteed rental income. Under State law (SB 329 and SB 222), landlords in California are legally required to accept rental applications from applicants using Section 8 and VASH vouchers and other forms of rental assistance.
The City shall continue to require developers utilizing tax-exempt financing to include language in agreements with the City permitting persons and households eligible for HUD Section 8 rental assistance or Housing Voucher Folders to apply for below-market-rate units provided in the development.
The City shall provide information on the City’s website regarding the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program, including income eligibility, landlord resources, and a link to the Section 8 application hosted by the Sonoma County Community Development Commission.
The City shall monitor the status of the Section 8 waiting list on a quarterly basis and issue a citywide notification via the City’s mailing list upon periodic opening of the waiting list. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund and any available grant funds for housing programs
Timeframe: On-going; quarterly monitoring
Geography: Citywide
Program 3-5: Review Processing Fees
(Source: Previous Program 3-8)
Pursue use of Housing Fund dollars to subsidize the development impact fees of extremely low, very low, and low-income units, where the City fell short of 5th Cycle RHNA targets.
Ensure compliance with SB 330 (Housing Accountability Act), and adherence to streamlining deadlines, thereby reducing the overall cost of housing developments by mitigating unnecessary delays.
Ensure compliance with AB 602, as detailed in Program 6-4.
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Packet Pg. 123 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 46 Conduct comprehensive review of processing fees and procedures to identify potential constraints to housing development.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund, Housing Fund, and any available grant funds for housing programs
Timeframe: Ensure compliance with SB 330 and AB 602 during fiscal year 2022/23, prior to June 30, 2023; conduct comprehensive review of processing fees by December 2025, and complete beneficial revisions to City fees identified in the study by June 2026. Geography: Citywide
Program 3-6: Prohousing Designation
(Source: New Program)
Through addressing constraints to development and fair housing opportunity, the City will investigate the local feasibility to receive the Prohousing Designation from the California Department of Housing and Community Development. Receiving this designation will provide the City an advantage in applications for competitive funding sources, including the Infill Infrastructure Grant and funding from the Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program.
The City will review its implemented policies and programs within one year of Housing Element adoption to determine its eligibility for the Prohousing Designation Program. If eligible, the City will apply to receive the Prohousing Designation by 2025. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund and any available grant funds for housing programs
Timeframe: 2025
Geography: Citywide
Goal H-4: Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
Promote Housing Opportunities for All Persons Regardless of Race, Gender, Age, Marital Status, Ancestry, National Origin, Color, or Sexual Orientation Policy H-4-1: The City will work to eliminate all unlawful discrimination in housing with respect to age, race, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, ethnic background, disability, medical condition, or other arbitrary factors, so that all residents can obtain decent housing throughout the City. (Source:
Previous Policy H-4.11)
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Packet Pg. 124 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 47 Program 4-1: Anti-Displacement Actions
(Source: New Program, Addresses AB 686)
Lower and moderate-income renters are at increased risk of displacement. The City shall take measures to reduce the risk of displacement through the City, especially in areas of increased investment and development, through the following actions:
Pursue grant opportunities to create a residential rehabilitation program for lower income residents. Work with the Community Development Commission to apply for HOME, CalHome, and CDBG funds, as well as promote Section 504 Home Repair Program loans and grants to provide housing rehabilitation loans and weatherization services for income-eligible households to improve living conditions.
Explore a Condominium Conversion ordinance to limit the loss of rental housing stock, as applicable.
Continue to promote programs for housing stability and eviction prevention.
Prepare a directory of trusted community partners willing to promote these programs. Utilize these partnerships to share resources in a culturally sensitive manner and incorporate place-based outreach.
When implementing Program 1-6 to convert market-rate properties to deedrestricted affordable, prioritize developments subject to a higher likelihood of displacement.
The City will exercise preference in deed-restricted affordable housing units for Cotati residents, members of the Cotati workforce, families enrolled in the CotatiRohnert Park Unified School District, members of local tribes including the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, and employees of Sonoma State University.
This provision will be applied as allowed under State law and subject to the duty of public agencies to affirmatively further fair housing.
The City will require replacement housing units subject to the requirements of Government Code Section 65915(c)(3) when any new development occurs on a site in the Sites Inventory if that site meets any of the following conditions: a) currently has residential uses or within the past five years has had residential uses that have been vacated or demolished; and b) was subject to a recorded covenant, ordinance, or law that restricts rents to levels affordable to persons and families of low or very-low income; or c) subject to any form of rent or price control through a public entity’s valid exercise of its police power; or d) occupied by low or very-low income households. The City will conduct outreach to residents of 100% of nonvacant sites within the City’s Sites Inventory that may be replaced by new construction within 90 days of permit application on any given site(s). Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund and Grant Funding
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Packet Pg. 125 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 48 Timeframe: On-going; pursue grant opportunities annually, as funds are available; present condominium conversion action items to Council by end of 2025; identify strategies for place-based outreach in partnership with stakeholders by end of 2025; prioritize developments with higher likelihood of displacement on an ongoing, project basis; establish local preference policy by end of 2024; outreach to residents of nonvacant sites at risk of displacement within 90 days of permit application.
Geography: Citywide, including local non-residents affiliated with the Cotati- Rohnert Park Unified School District, local tribal organizations, and Sonoma State University as described above
Program 4-2: Housing Discrimination Complaints
(Source: Previous Program 4-1)
The City shall take measures to distribute information regarding fair housing rights, programs, and complaint procedures through the following actions:
Refer fair housing complaints to service providers including Legal Aid of Sonoma County and Fair Housing of Sonoma County, which provide free fair housing information and assistance to all residents of Sonoma County. Continue to address fair housing issues through participation, through the Urban County or other sources, in Fair Housing Sonoma County and Fair Housing of Marin (organizations that provide assistance for housing discrimination complaints and tenant/landlord mediation).
Responsibility: Community Development DepartmentDirector, overseeing Code Enforcement Division and Building Division
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going; check public counter weekly to ensure that fair housing brochures are available to the public; change
information that is available on an annual basis upon changes to fair housing law; City involvement in every case that comes forward, ensuring that grievances are addressed and all aspects of the law are enforced; civil matters referred to Legal Aid of Sonoma County.
Geography: Citywide
Program 4-3: Nondiscrimination & Fair Housing Information (Source: Previous Programs 4-2 & 4-3)
The City shall take measures to provide and publicize information regarding fair housing programs, housing rights, and complaint procedures, including the following actions:
Include nondiscrimination clauses in rental agreements and deed restrictions for housing constructed with City assistance.
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Packet Pg. 126 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 49 Require bilingual (English/Spanish) availability of rental agreements in developments constructed with City assistance by 2025.
Continue to maintain an inventory of existing affordable rental housing and affordable ownership opportunities and programs on the City website. Continue to provide information regarding equal housing opportunity laws and the City's equal housing opportunities procedures to the public at City Hall, the Police Department and the City’s website. Include information about Fair Housing of Sonoma County to ensure residents with grievances can connect to the appropriate agencies and services.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going; bilingual (English/Spanish) availability of rental agreements in developments with City assistance by 2025; affordable housing webpage and equal housing information updated annually.
Geography: Citywide
Program 4-4: Reasonable Accommodation
(Source: Previous Program 3-4)
Continue to ensure that reasonable accommodation is provided for persons with disabilities, including developmental disabilities, through the following actions:
Ensure that requests for reasonable accommodation are over the counter, fast, and free. Conduct a biannual (every two year) review of the City’s regulations, procedures, and processes to ensure that reasonable accommodation is provided for disabled persons.
If barriers to reasonable accommodation are identified, undertake appropriate revisions to address the issue within six months, or prioritize as funding allows. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: Land Use Code revisions adopted concurrently with the Housing Element; biannual review conducted by April 1.
Geography: Citywide
Program 4-5: Limit Code Enforcement Activities
(Source: Previous Program 1-4 – Addresses AB 686)
Continue to prioritize residential code enforcement activities for situations that pose an immediate threat to public health and safety. Such activities do not include minor alterations made to residences without benefit of permit when such alterations are made to accommodate a special need or disability of the resident(s), or for interior alterations made to allow or honor
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Packet Pg. 127 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 50 the residents’ cultural needs or practices, unless those alterations pose an immediate threat to the safety of the residents or neighborhood. In instances of health and safety requiring significant repair, connect residents and property owners with rehabilitation programs and legal assistance. Ensure that Code Enforcement representatives receive training for cultural sensitivity and allow adequate capacity for services to be conducted. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going
Geography: Citywide
Program 4-6: Culturally Appropriate Facilitation and Involvement (Source: New Program – Addresses AB 686)
Facilitate the involvement of underrepresented residents, businesses, and organizations in all aspects of the planning process, utilizing culturally appropriate approaches to public participation and involvement.
Require affordable housing providers to conduct outreach to historically underrepresented populations, including people of color, when affordable housing programs are being marketed.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going
Geography: Citywide
Goal H-5: Community Engagement
Ensure Public Participation in the Development of the City’s Housing Policies Policy H-5-1: Encourage and facilitate public participation in the formulation and review of the City's housing and development policies. (Source: Previous Policy H-6.1)
Program 5-1: Annual Report
(Source: Previous Program 6-1)
Prepare an Annual Report to the City Council in the format approved by HCD which describes 1) implementation of Housing Element programs to date, 2) the amount and type of housing activity as related to the Housing Element’s goals, policies, and programs, 3) an updated summary of the City's housing needs, and 4) other housing information as described in these Goals. Submit this report to the Department of Housing and Community Development by April 1 of each year, and share via the City’s newsletter.
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Packet Pg. 128 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 51 Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: Provide annual report to City Council in the first quarter of each year and submit to HCD by April 1
Geography: Citywide
Program 5-2: Workshops and Public Hearings
(Source: Previous Program 6-2)
Facilitate workshops and public hearings to provide the public, housing developers, and service providers with an opportunity to review and discuss proposed changes to the City’s Housing Element. The City shall continue to hold informational presentations on evolving housing regulations and opportunities annually with the APR. Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going; public workshop on APR annually in March Geography: Citywide
Program 5-3: Stakeholder Engagement
(Source: Previous Program 3-2 – Planning for Affordable and Special Needs Housing) In addition to engaging the residents and workforce of Cotati, to engage stakeholders directly involved in housing, the City shall:
Continue to notify local and regional housing developers about the availability of public lands in compliance with the Surplus Lands Act.
Participate in housing stakeholder workshops or Housing Fairs that includes housing developers, property managers, community leaders, advocates, and special needs group stakeholders. These workshops are intended to identify potential housing projects, priorities, and funding opportunities. Pursue participation in events with active housing developers, community organizations, and neighboring jurisdictions such as Rohnert Park or other non-entitlement jurisdictions of the Sonoma County Community Development Commission as applicable.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going; surplus lands notification on an opportunity basis; participation in Housing Fairs on annual basis.
Geography: Citywide
Program 5-4: Accessible & Transparent Information
(Source: New, Addresses AB 602, SB 319)
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Packet Pg. 129 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 52 The City will increase accessibility and transparency of housing development standards and opportunities and meet the new transparency and development fee requirements of AB 602 and SB 319 by implementing the following actions:
Post all required information about development standards and fees on the City’s website along with relevant information on zoning, development standards, and affordable housing-related ordinances.
Ensure compliance with AB 602 requirements for new development impact fee studies and publicizing resulting fees.
Create and publish a summary that identifies the sites on the City’s Sites Inventory and make the summary available online in map format. Provide site-specific development information and support whenever possible to provide a clear development process for interested housing developers.
Responsibility: Community Development Department
Funding: General Fund
Timeframe: On-going on project basis; development standards (including AB 602 updates) on website by end of 2024; sites summary and map by end of 2024.
Geography: Citywide
2.2 QUANTIFIED OBJECTIVES
One of the requirements of State law (California Government Code Section 65583(b)) is that the Housing Element contain quantified objectives for the maintenance, preservation, improvement, and development of housing. The quantified objectives set a goal for Cotati to achieve based on needs, resources, and constraints. State law recognizes that the total housing needs identified by a community may exceed available resources and the community’s ability to satisfy this need. Under these circumstances the quantified objectives need not be, and are not intended to be, identical to the total housing needs.
The quantified objectives shown in Table 4Table 4 represent goals. They are estimates based on past experience, anticipated funding levels, and anticipated housing market conditions.
The quantified objectives are not designed to be minimum requirements. Rather, they are based largely upon implementation programs that have measurable outcomes. However, the Housing Element contains several policies and implementation programs that reduce barriers and create opportunities for affordable housing. These policies and programs assist in meeting the City’s housing needs but are more qualitative in nature and are difficult to quantify.
Table 4: Summary of Quantified Objectives, City of Cotati, 2023-2031 Program Types Extremely
Low-Income
Very LowIncomeLow-Income ModerateIncomeAboveModerate Income
New Construction 20 19 19 26 98
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Packet Pg. 130 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 53 Preservation of
Affordability
10 10800
Rehabilitation11100
Conversion00000
ADUs/JADUs 12 12 124 40
Total 43 42 40 30 138
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Packet Pg. 131 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 54 SECTION III: HOUSING SITES
3.1 CONTEXT
Under Government Code Section 65583(a)(3), the City must identify suitable adequate sites with capacity to fulfill its fair share of regional housing needs, as determined by ABAG’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). These sites can include vacant sites zoned for residential use, vacant sites that allow residential development, and underutilized sites that are capable of being redeveloped to increase the number of residential units. These sites must have the realistic potential for new residential development within the Housing Element planning period. Additionally, jurisdictions may receive credit towards their RHNA for units in planned, approved, and pending residential projects, projected development of accessory dwelling units, and through other adequate alternatives described in Government Code Section 65583.1(c).
Cotati has a RHNA of 234 units, divided among the following income categories:
Table 5: Cotati Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), 2023-2031 Jurisdiction Very Low
Income
(<50% AMI)
Low Income
(50-80%
AMI)
Moderate
Income
(80-120% AMI)
Above
Moderate
Income
(>120% AMI)
Total
Cotati 60 34 39 101 234
Source: ABAG Draft Regional Housing Needs Allocation Plan: San Francisco Bay Area, 2023-2031 Cotati is meeting its RHNA through the following means:
Planned, approved, and pending projects projected to develop during the planning period;
Sites identified in the Sites Inventory, including sites on vacant and non-vacant land; Sites identified for rezoning under an Adequate Sites Program; Conversion of units from non-affordable to affordable under an Adequate Sites Program Alternative; and
ADU development projections.
Legislation passed since the last Housing Element update has added more stringent requirements for the Sites Inventory. Assembly Bill 1397 addresses standards for the adequacy of inventoried housing sites, including non-vacant sites and sites that were identified in previous Housing Elements. Senate Bill 166, the “No Net Loss” law, requires a jurisdiction to ensure a Housing Element Sites Inventory maintains capacity to accommodate the RHNA by income group throughout the entire Housing Element planning period. Because of this requirement, this sites inventory includes a 36% buffer for lower-income units and an 190% buffer for moderate-income units, uses realistic affordability and capacity assumptions, and relies on a variety of strategies to ensure the City addresses its housing needs. Additionally,
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Packet Pg. 132 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 55 programs are included within the Housing Element to ensure the City complies with new ‘No Net Loss’ requirements and maintains sufficient sites in inventory. Pursuant to Chapter 667, Statutes of 2019 (SB 6), the site inventory is also prepared using the standards and electronic forms adopted by HCD. The full site inventory can be found in Appendix D.
3.2 PROJECTED DEVELOPMENT AND RHNA CREDIT
As allowed by Government Code Section 65583.1 and 65583.2(a), Cotati is counting the projected development of Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) and the capacity of planned, approved, and pending residential projects towards their RHNA. After considering these sites, the City is projected to develop 721368 units, sufficient units to surpass its entire RHNA allocation. However, these units are not anticipated to meet the RHNA by income level, with an outstanding need for moderate- and lower-income units. Housing sites and adequate sites programs have been identified to meet the capacity for the remaining moderate- and lowerincome RHNA and to provide a buffer of unit capacity for No Net Loss considerations.
3.2.1 ADUs and JADUs
An Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) is a secondary dwelling unit located on residentially zoned property that has an existing single-family or multifamily residence. Due to their small square footage, ADUs can provide affordable housing options for family members, friends, students, the elderly, in-home health care providers, the disabled, and others. Junior ADUs (JADUs) are even smaller living units that can be built out of existing space in homes and garages. JADUs have independent cooking facilities and outside access, however they may share sanitation facilities within the primary home.
Jurisdictions may count the potential for ADU development as credits towards their RHNA, based on an analysis that includes recent development trends, local demand, available resources or incentives, and anticipated affordability. Analysis and discussion of local trends, demand, and affordability are contained within this section, and analysis and discussion of resources, incentives, constraints, and development standards for ADUs and JADUs are included within the Technical Background Report.
Recent California legislation has facilitated increased permitting and production of ADUs.
From 2018 to 20221, the City permitted an average of 43.8 ADUs annually, ranging from 2 to 84 permits per year. In the first eight months of 2022, four ADUs were permitted, so 6 ADUs are projected for the year. The City anticipates the upward trend in the development of ADUs and JADUs throughout the 6th Cycle will increase and is supporting that assumption with programs to facilitate and incentivize production.
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Packet Pg. 133 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 56 Table 6: ADU Permits Issued or Completed by Year in Cotati Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total
ADU Permits 2 4 4 2 6*8 2018
“Safe Harbor”
(RHNA Assumption)
Average of 3.64 ADUs permitted per year / 3228 in planning cycle Projection with
Programs
(Quantified
Objective)
Average of 5 ADUs permitted per year / 40 in planning cycle Source: 2018-2021 Housing Element Annual Progress Reports; Community Development Department, 2022 City of Cotati Permit Data *Projections for 2022 are based on 4 ADUs permitted from January 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022.
The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) prepared a report and issued affordability recommendations for projecting ADU development based on a survey of local ADU rental costs. This data was used to generate the regional distribution of ADUs shown in Table 7Table
7. Cotati is using the affordability assumptions provided in this report to ensure the distribution of affordability reflects local development trends.
This distribution of affordability will be applied to a projection of 54 ADUs or JADUs built annually, for a total of 4032 units over the planning period credited towards Cotati’s RHNA (Table 7Table 7). This increased projection will be supported by policies and programs to facilitate ADU development (Policy H-1.9, Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units). The City will review ADU development two years into the planning period and implement further incentives if the City is not on track to meet its RHNA targets through its ADU projections. The City will also is increased projection will be supported implement by policies and programs to facilitate ADU development (Policy H-1.9, Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units) and strive to meet a quantified objective of 5 ADUs per year.
Table 7: Assumed Affordability for 6th Cycle ADUs
VLI LI MI AMI Total
Regional Distribution of
ADUs by Income Level 30% 30% 30% 10% 100%
Projected ADUs by
Income Level for 6th
Cycle Projection Period
810 910 89 3 2832
3.2.2 Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects
Jurisdictions may also count planned, approved, and pending residential units as credits towards their RHNA. These units can be counted based on affordability and unit count, provided it can be demonstrated that the units can be built within the planning period.
Affordability (income category) is based on the actual or projected sales prices, rent levels, or other mechanisms establishing affordability of the units within the project, including affordability requirements achieved through the City’s inclusionary housing program and/or project entitlement negotiations. A brief description of each project is provided below.
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Packet Pg. 134 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 57 These projects are all expected to be completed during the planning period. Current growth control measures, discussed in Section 4.4.2 of the Technical Background Report, are not being enforced and will be removed under Program 2-2. Growth control measures will not affect the approval and development of these projects.
Table 8: Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects for RHNA Credit Project ELI VLI LI MI AMI Total Status Anticipated
Occupancy
Cotati
Station 0 8 3 8 79 98 Approved 2024
Cotati
Village 0 18 0 0 159 177 Under Review(SB330) 2025
East Cotati
Cottage
Housing
0 0 0 62 04 6
Under
ReviewApproved 2024
La Plaza
View 0 10 145
211 230 2756 ApprovedUnder
Review 20254
Lasker Lane 0 0 0 0 6 6 Approved 2025
Pink Viking 0 1 2 3 30 36 Under Review 2025
Redwood
Row 4 5 8 8 145 170 Under Review(SB330) 2025
Red’s
Residential 4 10 0 0 112 126 Under Review (SB330) 2025
RHNA
Credit 8 423 1458
273
2 554
535
6466
75 -- --
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Packet Pg. 135 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 58 Figure 14: Location of Planned, Approved, and Pending Projects
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Packet Pg. 136 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 59 10.A.c
Packet Pg. 137 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 60 Cotati Station
Cotati Station is an upcoming residential development located within the Santero Way Specific Plan area (APNs 144-320-033, 034, 035, and 036, and 144-480-022). The City approved a density bonus for a total of 98 residential units consisting of 79 market rate units and 19 below market rate units (, 8 moderate-income units, 3 low-income units, and 8 very low-income units), which will be made affordable through a deed restriction. Affordability agreements and fee deferral agreements were in place in 2022, and a building permit application is expected in 2023. There are no known barriers to development.
Cotati Village
Cotati Village is an upcoming 177-unit multifamily housing development located at the northeast corner of Highway 116 and Alder Lane (APNs: 144-050-009 & 046-286-021). The project will include 159 market rate units and 18 very low-income units. The lower-income units are provided through the City’s Inclusionary Ordinance and will be deed restricted. The applicant previously rezoned these sites to PD for a different prospective project at a lower density; the current Cotati Village Project does not make use of the PD zoning but instead is proposed under the original CG zoning. To facilitate the development of this project, the City is committed to rezoning to remove the unused PD designation (Program 2-7) and return it to its original CG designation to allow the current project at no cost to the developer. The applicant is finalizing design plans, and the hearing for this project is expected mid-2023.
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Packet Pg. 138 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 61 East Cotati Cottage Housing
The East Cotati Cottage Housing project is a six-unit moderate-incomemissing middle cottage housing development proposed at 902 East Cotati Avenue (APN: 144-302-030). This project was approved on February 21, 2023 and is among the first to utilize flexible zoning provisions of the City’s Cottage Housing Ordinance passed in 2021 and promoted through Program 2-4 of the Housing Element. The project includes four units between 1,000 and 1,300 sq.ft in size, assumed to be affordable to above moderate-income households, and two 500 sq.ft. ADUs, These units are classified as moderate-income units based on the small unit size, supported by the analysis in Section 3.2.1. The building permit application is expected later in 2023, and there are no known barriers to development.
La Plaza View
La Plaza View is a 2770-unit* multifamily housing development located on vacant land within the downtown hexagon on East Cotati Avenue between La Plaza and Charles Street (100 East Cotati Ave; APNs 144-274-002, 014, and 015). In July 2022, the City approved the project for 23 market rate units, 2 moderate-income units, 1 low-income unit, and 1 very low-income units.
The developer has submitted a secondary application on March 1, 2022 forunder streamlined ministerial SB 35 approval provisions that allow greater building heights and density for projects containing at least 50% affordable units. The lower-income units are provided through the City’s Inclusionary Ordinance and SB 35 provisions andThe project will be 100% affordable with 56 lower-income units and 14 moderate-income units, all of which will be deed restricted.
Local tribal representation accepted AB 168 consultation which continues to be underway as of March 2023.
*Due to ongoing consideration of two development proposals, the City is assuming a realistic capacity of 80% of the larger project at proportional affordability levels of 80% low-income and 20% moderate-income.
Lasker Lane
Lasker Lane is a six-unit, market rate, single-family housing development approved at 65 Lasker Lane (APN 144-470-007). The project is fully entitled, and the City is working with the previous owner’s heir(s) to vest support construction of this vested project. e project’s vested rights.
Pink Viking
Pink Viking is an upcoming 36-unit single-family housing development proposed at 8841 Old Redwood Highway (APN 046-223-018). The project will include 30 market rate units, 3 moderate-income units, 2 low-income units, and 1 very low-income unit. The moderate- and lower-income units are provided through the City’s Inclusionary Ordinance and will be deed restricted. This project is awaiting the finalization of environmental documentation, and the hearing is expected in Fall 2023. California Tiger Salamander mitigation is the only known barrier and is not expected to constrain development as the costs have already been considered by the developer (see further discussion in Section 3.8.4).
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Packet Pg. 139 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 62 Redwood Row
Redwood Row is a proposed 170-unit mixed-use townhome development on a vacant 10.41- acre property located at the northwest corner of Redwood Drive and Gravenstein Highway adjacent to Lowe’s Home Improvement in the Commercial Gravenstein Corridor zoning district (APNs: 046-286-017, -18, -19, and -20 ). The moderate- and lower-income units are provided through the City’s Inclusionary Ordinance and will be deed restricted. This project is in review and awaiting environmental documentation, including California State Water Resources Control Board approval of mitigation measures. There are no other known barriers to development.
Red’s Residential
Red’s Residential is describedproposed as a mixed-use development consisting of 126 multifamily units spread across four residential buildings on a 5.3 acre site. The project proposes to provide 13 units affordable to very low-income individuals and families in order to qualify for a 50% density bonus. The City has approved a lot line adjustment to facilitate this development.
The project is located at 7515 Alder Avenue within the Commercial Gravenstein Corridor (CG) zoning district (APNs: 144-040-011 and 144-040-021). The lower-income units will be deed restricted as required by density bonus law.. The project was vested in March 2023. California Tiger Salamander mitigation is the only known barrier and is not expected to constraint development as the costs have already been considered by the developer (see further discussion in Section 3.8.4).
3.3 REALISTIC CAPACITY OF SITES ZONED FOR HOUSING
As shown in Table 9Table 9, the City has identified enough units through RHNA Credits (projected ADU development and pending, approved, or permitted projects) to meet its 6th Cycle RHNA for the above moderate-income category and for total units. To identify enough sites for its moderate- and lower-income RHNA, the City prepared an inventory of sites available and suitable for housing development. Information about these sites is included below.
Realistic development capacity for these sites is based on development standards and land use controls (see Section 4.4.2 of the Technical Background Report), access to infrastructure, necessary site improvements, other constraints, and recent development trends (see Table 11Table 11). Residential development trends, detailed in Section 3.5, show that projects are typically developed at over 100% of maximum allowed capacity, using density bonuses or similar provisions. This analysis utilizes a lower realistic capacity factor of 85% to account for No Net Loss requirements. The City can accommodate over 50% of its lower-income RHNA with pipeline projects and ADU development. Realistic development capacity for nonvacant sites considers the range of development possibilities and does not assume 100% or more of zoning capacityaccounts for the likelihood of non-residential development due to the potential of nonresidential uses and housing at lower densities to occupy housing sites.
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Packet Pg. 140 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 63 Figure 15: Location of Housing Opportunity Sites
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Packet Pg. 141 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 64 10.A.c
Packet Pg. 142 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 65 Table 9: RHNA and Site Capacity
Lower
Income
Moderate
Income
Above
Moderate
Income
Total
RHNA Allocation 94 39 101 234
Pipeline 1081965 3227 554535 675646
ADUs/JADUs 1720 89 3 2832
Housing Sites (Current Zoning) 3230 8339 11636 231105
Preservation of Affordability 22 0 0 22
Total Units After Programs 136158 11880 673574 927812
RHNA Surplus 4264 7941 572473 693578
Percent Buffer 45%68% 203%105
%
566%468
%
296%147
%
Table 10: Capacity of Sites Allowing Residential Development # Site Address/
Location APN Zone
Max
Density
(units/ac)
Acres Units Affordability
Vacant Sites
1 7734 Old
Redwood Hwy 144-080-022 NG 20 0.43 57 AMI, MI
Nonvacant Sites
2 150 St Joseph Way 144-170-009 NG 20 5.65 6196 AMI, MI, LI 3 190 E Cotati Ave 144-282-030 NU 15 1.07 9 AMI, MI
4 279 E Cotati Ave 144-282-009 NU 15 0.98 12 AMI
5 326 E Cotati Ave 144-282-008 NU 15 2.91 37 AMI, MI
6 E School St 144-241-041 NL 6 0.38 2 AMI
7 83
7457 Alder Ave 144-040-017 CG 15 1.98 3949 AMI, MI 7455 Alder Ave 144-040-013 CG 15 1.89 9 188 Myrtle Ave
046-231-026
NL
6 3.74
19 AMI, MI
Total 23110
5 32 30 LI
3983 MI
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Packet Pg. 143 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 66 36 116 AMI
3.3.1 Vacant Sites
Site 1: 7734 Old Redwood Highway
Site 1 is a vacant 0.45-acre site within the Northern Gateway zone of the Downtown Specific Plan area, set back from the highway, with no ground floor requirements for retail or commercial development set by the Specific Plan. This area is regulated by a form-based code and does not have a maximum allowable density, but the City’s development standards allow for development at approximately 20 units per acre (further analysis in Section 4.4). This site has similar characteristics (parcel shape, size, proximity to downtown) as Example #2 on Table 11: Development TrendsTable 11: Development Trends, which is developing above 25 units per acre, and similar land use controls as Example #4, which is developing at over 60 units per acre.
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Packet Pg. 144 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 67 Site 1: 7734 Old Redwood Highway
The site is a vacant 0.45-acre parcel. The site is adjacent to both residential and commercial uses and is intended for mixed-use development.
Capacity: (20 units/acre)(0.45 acres)(85% realistic capacity)(67% factor for likelihood of residential development) = 5.1=7.7 units, rounded down RHNA Income Category: 3 moderate-income, 24 above moderate-income units Infrastructure: Parcel is served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcel was used in the 4th and 5th Cycle Site Inventories. This site is not being used to accommodate the lower-income RHNA and is not subject to rezoning requirements.
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Packet Pg. 145 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 68 3.3.2 Non-Vacant Sites
Site 2: 150 St. Joseph Way
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Packet Pg. 146 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 69 This site is a 5.65 acre vacant portion of a larger 10.07 acre nonvacant parcel owned by the Catholic Church containing a church building, parking lot, and. 5.65 acre of undeveloped land.
The site The site shares a parcel with a church building and is surrounded by residential and underutilized commercial areas. The site is within the Northern Gateway zone of the Downtown Specific Plan area, with no ground floor requirements for retail or commercial development.
This site has similar characteristics (parcel size, proximity to downtown) to Examples #6, #7, and #8 on Table 11: Development Trends, which are developing at an average of 21 units per acre, and similar land use controls as Example #4, which is developing at over 60 units per acre.
The property owners, the Catholic Church, have expressed interest in residential development on this site, including in a meeting with City staff on January 18, 2023. There has been significant developer interest in the large vacant areas of the Northern Gateway zone, including this site and directly adjacent site owners interested in purchasing a portion of the greater site currently wholly owned by the Catholic Church. Regionally, churches and other public institutions have expressed interest in selling excess vacant land to interested developers, and it is likely that this could happen on this site. Additionally, recent and forthcoming legislation continues to facilitate the development of housing on lands owned by religious institutions, including the enacted AB 2244 (2022) mandating parking reductions on faith-based lands and the proposed Affordable Housing on Faith Lands Act (SB 4 of 2023). Capacity: (20 units/acre)(5.65 vacant acres)(85% realistic capacity)(67% factor for likelihood of residential development)= 96.0561.1 units, rounded down
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Packet Pg. 147 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 70 RHNA Income Category: 302 low-income, 1632 moderate-income, 32 15 above moderate-income units
Infrastructure: Parcel is served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcel was used in the 4th and 5th Cycle Site Inventories. Under Program 3-1, this site will allow for residential development at 20 units per acre for housing developments in which at least 20 percent of units are affordable to lower-income households.
3.3.2 Non-Vacant Sites
Site 3: 188 Myrtle Avenue
The site is an underutilized property with a single-family residence on 3.74 acres.
The parcel is surrounded by developed single-family neighborhoods. Capacity: (6 units/acre)(3.74 acres)(85% realistic capacity)=19.07 units, rounded down
RHNA Income Category: 9 moderate-income, 10 above moderate-income units Infrastructure: Parcel is served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcel was used in the 4th Cycle Site Inventory. This site is not being used to accommodate the lower-income RHNA and is not subject to rezoning requirements.
Site 4: 190 East Cotati Avenue
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Packet Pg. 148 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 71
The site is an underutilized property with 3 small units on 1 acre. The parcel is surrounded by higher density residential development, is located on a major thoroughfare, and is near the downtown area. Local developers have expressed interest in residential development on this site.
Capacity: (15 units/acre)(0.76 vacant acres)(85% realistic capacity)=9.69 units, rounded down
RHNA Income Category: 2 moderate-income, 7 above moderate-income units Infrastructure: Parcel is served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcel was used in 4th and 5th Cycle Site Inventories. This site is not being used to accommodate the lower-income RHNA and is not subject to rezoning requirements.
Site 5: 279 East Cotati Avenue
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Packet Pg. 149 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 72 The site is a 0.98-acre parcel with an existing single-family dwelling built in 1900.
This parcel is underutilized and likely to redevelop.
Capacity: (15 units/acre)(0.98 acres)(85% realistic capacity)= 12.5 units, rounded down
RHNA Income Category: 2 moderate-income, 10 above moderate-income units Infrastructure: Parcel is served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcel was used in 4th and 5th Cycle Site Inventories. This site is not being used to accommodate the lower-income RHNA and is not subject to rezoning requirements.
Site 6: 326 East Cotati Avenue
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Packet Pg. 150 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 73 The site is a 2.91-acre square-shaped parcel surrounded by residential development and located near Cotati’s commercial hub. The site currently contains residential units built in 1968. Local developers have expressed interest in residential development on this site.
Capacity: (15 units/acre)(2.91 acres)(85% realistic capacity)= 12.5 units, rounded down
RHNA Income Category: 10 moderate-income, 27 above moderate-income units Infrastructure: Parcel is served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcel was used in 4th and 5th Cycle Site Inventories. This site is not being used to accommodate the lower-income RHNA and is not subject to rezoning requirements.
Site 7: 301 East Cotati Avenue
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Packet Pg. 151 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 74 10.A.c
Packet Pg. 152 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 75 The site is located west of the City center and consists of two adjacent parcels: one vacant, one underutilized. Both are owned by a homebuilder and are likely to develop with one home on each parcel.
Capacity: One unit per parcel
RHNA Income Category: 2 above moderate-income Units
Infrastructure: Parcel is served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcels were not used in a previous Site Inventory
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Packet Pg. 153 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 76 Site 8: Alder Avenue
Site 3: Alder Ave
This 3.87 acre site consists of two adjacent, developer-owned parcels. One parcel is underutilized, and the other is vacant. The site is near residential development and underutilized. This site has the same zoning as Examples #6, #7, and #8 on Table 11:
Development Trends, which are developing at an average of 21 units per acre, and similar characteristics (multiple parcels, site size) as Examples #4 and #5, which are developing at an average of over 50 units per acre.
Capacity: (15 units/acre)(3.87 acres)(85% realistic capacity)(80% factor for likelihood of residential development) =49.3439.5 units, rounded down RHNA Income Category: 25 20 moderate-income, 1924 above moderate-income Units
Infrastructure: Parcels are served by water, sewer, and dry utilities. Prior Use: Parcels were not used in a previous Site Inventory
3.3.3 Sites Suitability Analysis
Summary of Site Suitability
The identified sites have realistic development potential and are suitable to count towards the City’s RHNA. Over 87% of the City’s lower-income RHNA is met through capacity of pipeline projects and ADU projections, with nonvacant sites used mainly to increase the City’s buffer of available sites. Available sites identified to meet the City’s lower-income RHNA are between
0.5 and 10 acres have the necessary large sites analysis and will allow residential development at 20 units per acre. Pending projects with identified lower-income capacity are likely to develop during the planning period, as discussed in Section 3.2.2, and the lower- and moderate-income units in those projects will be made affordable to the identified income groups through a deed restriction as required by the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance and Density Bonus provisions or are assumed to be affordable to moderate-income units
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Packet Pg. 154 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 77 based on the Accessory Dwelling Unit analysis in Section 3.2.1. All identified sites have infrastructure access. Sites that have been used in previous planning periods that were identified to meet the City’s lower-income RHNA are subject to a program to allow by-right development at 20 units per acre if 20% of the site’s units are affordable (Program 3-1). The City can accommodate over 50% of its lower-income RHNA with pipeline projects and ADU development.
Lower-Income Suitability Analysis
Sites 2 has been identified to meet the lower-income RHNA. Through implementation of Programs 3-1, this site will allow development at Cotati’s default density of 20 units/acre. This site has capacity to accommodate over 16 units.
Large Sites Analysis
While only 5.65 acres of the parcel are identified with development potential, Site 2 is located on a 10.07 acre parcel. Regionally, churches and other public institutions have expressed interest in selling excess vacant land to interested developers, and it is likely that this could happen on this site. This property owner has been approached by developers interested in developing a portion of their property. The City has current experience with development on a large site (Redwood Row, discussed in Section 3.2.2). The size of the parcel does not affect the suitability of the site to accommodate housing for lower-income households.
Nonvacant Sites Analysis
Sites 2 and 3 are nonvacant sites, identified as underutilized sites with development potential to meet the RHNA. Development potential was identified based on developer interest, developer trends, demand for residential compared to demand for current uses, any knowledge of existing contracts, improvement-to-land value, and other specific site conditions as follows:
Site 2: This site contains church facilities and parking lot, with over half of this site being undeveloped. The property owners, the Catholic Church, have expressed interest in residential development on this site, including in a meeting with City staff on January 18, 2023. There has been significant developer interest in the large vacant areas of the Northern Gateway zone, including this site, and owners of the adjacent parcel expressed interested in purchasing a portion of this site. Regionally, churches and other public institutions have expressed interest in selling excess vacant land to interested developers, and it is likely that this could happen on this site. There are no known contracts or leases that would prevent sale or development of the undeveloped half of the site. Additionally, recent legislation continues to facilitate the development of housing on lands owned by religious institutions, including the enacted AB 2244 (2022) mandating parking reductions on faith-based lands.
Site 3: This site includes two adjacent parcels, including one vacant parcel and one nonvacant parcel under the same ownership. The nonvacant site has a rural residential land use code, with no residential units shown on available data. The site appears to contain smaller old structures and automobile storage and has an
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Packet Pg. 155 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 78 improvement-to-land value of 0.17. Demand for residential development is higher than the demand for the current use and there are no known contracts or leases that would perpetuate the existing use. The site is adjacent to proposed, approved, and existing residential development.
Sites Allowing Non-Residential Uses
One sSites identified with capacity for lower-income households to meet the RHNA that allows nonresidential and mixed-use developments (Site 2)are located in the Downtown Specific Plan area (Sites 1 and 2), and in the CG zone (Site 3). Based on development proposals over the last ten years, capacity factors have been applied to these sites to account for the likelihood of residential development compared to nonresidential development. Citywide, most sites allowing both residential uses and non-residential uses have primarily received interest for residential development.
Within the Downtown Specific Plan Area, there have been 2 proposals for nonresidential development and 4 proposals for residential development over the last 10 years, so a capacity factor of 67% is applied to sites in these zones. Notably, purely residential development has not been a permitted use on these sites until the recent Downtown Specific Plan update, anticipated to be adopted Spring 2023, and through the implementation of Program 3-1. Once these changes are in place, it is anticipated that the proportion of residential proposals will increase.
Within the CG zone, there has been 1 proposal for nonresidential development and 4 proposals for residential development over the last 10 years, so a capacity factor of 80% is applied to sites in this zone.
Under Program 3-1, this site will allow 100% residential development by right if 20% of units are affordable.Over 50% units of the units to accommodate the very low and low-income housing need are identified within planned and approved projects. As the City has had a recent increase in applications for residential development in and surrounding the downtown area, it is likely that this site develops with residential uses.
Sites Used in Multiple Planning Periods
Sites 1 and 2 were used in multiple planning periods. Under Program 3-1, these sites will allow 100% residential development by right if 20% of units are affordable, allowing densities of at least 20 units per acre. per acre This program will ensure that sites have realistic development potential within the planning period.
3.4 ADEQUATE SITES ALTERNATIVES
The City of Cotati is using an adequate sites alternative program allowed under Government Code Section 65583.1(c) to meet its local housing needs and RHNA obligations, through the preservation of affordability (Program 1-5).
On March 10, 2022, the City committed to providing a $250,000 grant from the City’s Affordable Housing Fund to support Burbank Housing Development Corporation (Burbank
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Packet Pg. 156 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 79 Housing) in the acquisition and preservation of Windwood Apartments. These funds will be sufficient to preserve the identified units at affordable rents. Building permits for this project are anticipated to be issued in October 2022, and this partnership will result in the preservation of 28 units as low-income for at least 55 years.
In order to be eligible for the alternative sites program, the City must demonstrate that it met part of its lower-income RHNA in the previous planning period. During the 5th Cycle, the City permitted 30 units affordable to very low-income households and 35 units affordable to lowincome households, as discussed in Section 1.14. This effort will meet the definition of preservation, including the following criteria:
The Windwood units are located within an assisted housing development. The City held a public hearing on December 14, 2021 and found that the units were at risk and eligible for conversion to market-rate uses. On March 10, 2022, the City Council dedicated funding to the preservation of these 28 units.
The units will be decent, safe, and sanitary upon occupancy. The units were affordable to very low-income households at the time the units were identified for preservation.
3.45 PROGRAMS TO ASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
HOUSING
Program 1-7: Essential Bond Financing Program
The City of Cotati, in partnership with local nonprofit Burbank Housing Development Corporation (Burbank), is pursuing use of an essential bond financing strategy for the development of affordable housing. In this model, the City joins a California Joint Powers Authority (JPA), authorizes the JPA to issue bonds on behalf of the City, and uses these funds for the construction of affordable housing. This is an innovative strategy that can help the City overcome financial constraints to housing development.
Program 2-1: Adequate Housing Sites
The City will continue to maintain an inventory of vacant and underdeveloped residentially designated land and, for sites appropriate for lower income and special needs development, identify the parcel number, parcel size, zoning designation, general plan designation, and allowed density with a density bonus for affordable units; ensure that the inventory is available for public distribution at City Hall and on the City’s website; and update the inventory on an annual basis.
Program 2-3: Accessory Dwelling Units
Accessory dwelling units (ADUs) are a priority for the development of housing in Cotati. The City will prioritize the availability of preapproved plans provided by the Napa Sonoma ADU
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Packet Pg. 157 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 80 Center, assist the efforts of the Napa Sonoma ADU Center and Homes for Sonoma, and provide penalty relief to ADU dwellers without the benefit of a permit to incentivize the development of ADUs and support for residents. The City will review the efficacy of these subprograms within two years and support further interventions to support both the ABAG-approved affordability assumptions and further ADU development in the community throughout the planning period.
Program 2-4: Cottage Housing
The City’s Cottage Housing Ordinance adopted in 2021 allows a doubling of density allowed in underlying zoning with Council approval of a Cottage Housing development plan. This requires the construction of smaller units that are affordable by design, and in return, provides more flexible requirements for housing development on smaller lots at a greater unit capacity.
Program 2-6: Santero Way Specific Plan UpdateRezoning
The City is updating rezoning land within its Santero Way Specific Plan Area to increase the allowed residential capacity in Moderate Resource areas near transit. This program is not being used to meet the RHNA but will help the City meet its housing needs and address AFFH.
Program 2-7: Supporting Development on Inventory Sites
To support residential development to meet the RHNA, the City is committed to supporting ongoing development projects and to rezoning to increase residential capacity.
Program 3-1: Sites Used in Multiple Planning Periods
The City is relying on a sites that haves been used in the last two planning periods to meet its lower-income RHNA. In order to use thesethis sites, the City will allow residential development by right at 20 units per acre when 20 percent or more of the units are affordable to lower income households. This program will apply to Sites 1 and 2.
Program 4-1: Anti-Displacement Actions
The City is relying on several a nonvacant site s with existing that may have residential units to meet its RHNA. The City will require replacement housing units subject to the requirements of Government Code Section 65915(c)(3) when any new development occurs on a site in the Sites Inventory if that site meets any of the following conditions: a) currently has residential uses or within the past five years has had residential uses that have been vacated or demolished; and b) was subject to a recorded covenant, ordinance, or law that restricts rents to levels affordable to persons and families of low or very-low income; or c) subject to any form of rent or price control through a public entity’s valid exercise of its police power; or d) occupied by low or very-low income households. This program will address displacement risk on these sites.
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Packet Pg. 158 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 81 3.5 DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND REALISTIC CAPACITY
ANALYSIS
Realistic capacity assumptions have been calculated based on recent development, developer input, market trends, and local knowledge. Most recent residential projects in the City have developed at or above maximum allowable density, as shown in Table 11Table 11. The City also has examples of development on large and small sites, examples of mixed-use development, and development of affordable housing below the City’s default Density. The City is using a restrained realistic capacity factor of 85% to account for No Net Loss Requirements.
Table 11: Development Trends
#
Housing
Development APN Total Units Acres Zone
Max
Density
(units/acre
)Max
Density
Achieved
(units/acre
)Density
Achieved
Percent
of Max
Density
units/acre
Market Rate Housing with Affordable Units (All Projects 2018-2023) Cotati Station*
Santero Way
144-320-034
through -036
98 2.41 N/A 40.7 N/A
1 Kessing
RanchLa Plaza
View*
100 Valparaiso
(2018)
100 East Cotati
Ave.
144-450-
002144-274-
002, 014 &
015
2747
units:
2 VLI
2 LI
3 MI
40 AMI
0.88 9.6
NL 6N/A 30.74.9 82%N/A
Cotati Village*
NE Corner of
Hwy 116 &
Alder Lane
144-050-009 177 7.19 15 24.6 164%
2 Cottage
Housing
Project*
902 E. Cotati
Avenue
(Approved
2023)
144-302-030 6 units:
2 MI
4 AMI
0.23 NM 10 26.1 261%
Average 30.5 212%
100% Affordable Housing (All Projects 2018-2023)
Charles Street
Village
42 Charles St
144-360-171
and -172
48 3.21 10 15.0 150%
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Packet Pg. 159 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 82 Marvin Gardens
770 East Cotati
144-302-036,
037, 038,
039,
37 1.94 10 19.1 191%
3 Wilford
Apartments
160 Wilford
LnJamie Lane
Unaddressed
Parcel
(2021)
144-070-
031144-301-
012
365
units:
5 MI
1.47 0.63
NM 10 24.58 245%80
%
4 La Plaza View*
100 East Cotati
Ave.
(Approved
2022)
144-274-002,
014 & 015
56 units:
45 LI,
11 MI
0.88 DSP
(LP)
N/A 63.6 N/A
Average 19.5 195%
Mixed Use Development with Affordable Units (All Projects 2018-2023) 5 Cotati Station*
Santero Way
(Approved
2022)
144-320-034
through -036
98 units:
8 VLI
3 LI
8 MI
79 AMI
2.41 SWSP N/A 40.7 N/A
6 Cotati Village*
NE Corner of
Hwy 116 &
Alder Lane
(Pending)
144-050-009 177
units:
18 VLI
159 AMI
7.19 CG 15 24.6 164%
7 Redwood Row*
Redwood Drive
and Gravenstein
Hwy
(Pending)
046-286-017,
-18, -19, and
-20
170
units:
4 ELI
4 VLI
8 LI
8 MI
145 AMI
10.4 1
CG 15 16.3 109%
8 Red's
Residential*
7515 Alder
Avenue
(Pending)
144-040-011 126
units:
4 ELI
10 VLI
112 AMI
5.62 CG 15 22.4 149%
Average 25.819.4 141%129
%
*These projects are included in the discussion of Planned, Approved, and Pending projects in Section 3.2.2.
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Packet Pg. 160 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 83 3.6 FAIR HOUSING CONSIDERATIONS
Housing sites identified to meet Cotati’s RHNA are distributed throughout the community in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing. Cotati contains Low and Moderate Resource areas. Of the 13 sites in inventory, 5 sites are in a Moderate Resource area (Figure 16), containing 17% of total unit capacity and 17% of lower-income unit capacity. A full analysis of inventory sites compared to components of the Fair Housing Assessment is included in the Technical Background Report, in Section 4.5.7.
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Packet Pg. 161 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 84 Figure 16: Housing Opportunity Sites by Opportunity Area
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Packet Pg. 162 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 85 Source: HCD/TCAC Opportunity Area Maps, 2022
3.6.1 Improved Conditions
Housing sites and pipeline projects are distributed throughout the City, with no concentration of sites for one income group. The sites will increase access to opportunity in and around the Downtown and near the train station and increase the stock of affordable housing.
3.6.2 Exacerbated Conditions
Sites on the Western side of the City are located in a Lower Resource area. Particularly, sites West of the freeway have less access to transportation and are further from amenities and resources. An infrastructure program is included to address this need (Program 1-4), and a rezoning program is included to add additional residential capacity in the City’s Moderate Resource area, near transit (Program 2-6).
3.7 INFRASTRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS
The City has adequate infrastructure to accommodate the development of its RHNA, including water, sewer, and dry utilities. Infrastructure capacity is summarized below with a more detailed discussion of infrastructure included within the Technical Background Report.
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Packet Pg. 163 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 86 3.7.1 Water
Cotati’s main water supply comes from the Russian River surface water, and three groundwater wells located in Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin which are provided by Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA) through two transmission pipelines. The City is entitled to receive up to 1,520 acre-feet per year under the water supply agreement with the SCWA. Cotati also obtains about 1/3 of its water supply from three municipal groundwater wells. While the City has historically used groundwater to supply more than half of its demands, its current water management strategy is to draw its primary water supply from the SCWA and utilize groundwater to supplement its needs during peak demand periods or periods of drought.
3.7.2 Sewer
The City of Cotati owns and operates the wastewater collection system and provides sanitary sewer service to approximately 1200 acres in and around City limits. Sewage and wastewater generated is transported to the Santa Rosa Subregional Wastewater Reclamation System for treatment at Laguna Treatment Plant. There is one sewer project identified in the Capital Improvement Program from Fiscal Year 2020/21 through FY 2024/25. The City completed a sewer project in 2020/21 on William and Olof Streets, and will continue construction on West Sierra Avenue in FY 2022/23. Methane capture and energy generation to offset energy usage occurs at the Santa Rosa Subregional Treatment Plant.
3.7.3 Other Utilities
Electricity: As of 2019, the City of Cotati uses 100% renewable electricity (Evergreen) provided by Sonoma Clean Power. The City opted into the local Community Choice Aggregation (Sonoma Clean Power), which automatically enrolled all residential and commercial customers into Clean Start (higher mix of local renewable electricity), unless the customer opts out into PG&E.
Solid Waste: The City of Cotati does not have any active or planned solid waste facilities.
Cotati is served by a franchise waste hauler (Recology), with solid waste disposed of at the Central Landfill in Sonoma County. Recycling and composting services are also included as part of the solid waste collection and processing system.
3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Sonoma County has developed a multijurisdictional hazard mitigation plan in partnership with local government to identify measures to reduce risk from natural hazards. The City of Cotati has its own local hazard mitigation plan, which was developed as an element of Sonoma County’s multijurisdictional plan.
According to hazard risk ranking, earthquakes and wildfires are categorized as high-risk hazards while floods, severe weather, and landslides are considered medium-risk hazards.
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Packet Pg. 164 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 87 3.8.1 Fire
There are 7 residential structures found in high relative hazard and 341 residential structures found in moderate relative hazard for wildfire. Wildland urban interface fires are prevalent in Sonoma County. No land within the City or inventory sites are within State-designated fire hazard severity zones. This is relatively minor in comparison to the region, and wildfire does not pose a substantial displacement risk in Cotati.
Figure 17: Fire Hazard Severity Zones
3.8.2 Seismic Hazards
Cotati has been exposed to earthquakes in the past and remains highly likely to be exposed in the future. The City is positioned southwest of the Rodgers Creek fault, a system with a 33% projected likelihood of a major earthquake (magnitude 6.7 or greater shaking) in the 30-year projection period. Seismic hazards mainly affect Sisite s 2 and 6 3 but would not preclude development on thisese sites. Cotati does not feature any known major fault lines running directly under City limits, unlike neighboring jurisdictions with faults including San Andreas and Rodgers Creek, and earthquakes do not pose a substantial displacement risk in Cotati.
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Packet Pg. 165 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 88 Figure 18: Earthquake Hazard Zones
Source: California Geological Survey, Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation Figure 19: Deep-Seated Landslide Susceptibility
Source: California Geologic Survey Data Viewer, CGS Map Sheet 58
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Packet Pg. 166 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 89 There are 63 residential structures identified in the high landslide exposure category and 301 residential structures in the moderate exposure category. The City’s Zoning Map concentrates development within portions of the urban core lacking hillsides and not susceptible to landslides.
3.8.3 Flood
The northeastern portion of Cotati is subject to flooding from the Laguna de Santa Rosa and Cotati Creek. Approximately 4.8 percent of the land within the city limits located within is subject to one percent of flooding in any given year and about 7.7 percent within the Urban Growth boundary are considered high flood hazards with the FEMA flood zone AE (a 100-year flooding scenario with base flood elevation determined). No sites are within the 100-year flood zone. The 500-year flood zone impacts sites 7, 2, and 36, but does not preclude development on these sites.
Figure 20: Flood Hazard Zones
Source: FEMA, National Flood Hazard Layer, 2008
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Packet Pg. 167 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 90 The Downtown Specific Plan area is the only priority development area that has experienced localized flooding in the past, and no other areas are known to be susceptible to hazard risks.
Based on the 100-year scenario of flood risk assessment, 200 residential buildings may be exposed to flooding. Flood zones in Sonoma County have historically displaced communities directly along the Russian River and in other areas of the Russian River watershed with relatively minimal damage in Cotati. Flooding in Cotati does not pose a substantial displacement risk.
Among critical facilities, the City of Santa Rosa’s wastewater treatment plant (where Cotati wastewater is sent) has experienced significant flooding on several occasions and is likely to be exposed to flooding in the future.
3.8.4 Special Status Species
Some areas of Cotati are the native habitat of protected species, including the California tiger salamander (CTS). The Santa Rosa Plain Conservation Strategy (SRPCS) was published in 2005 and provides the biological framework for conservation of the CTS on the Santa Rosa Plain.
The designation of critical habitat, shown in Figure 21, was last revised in 2011 and does not include urbanized areas of Cotati, including the downtown and SMART Station area.1 Some inventory sites are located within the CTS range. Recent development and proposed projects within these areas demonstrate that CTS mitigation will not limit the ability to meet the RHNA using these sites.
1 Federal Register Volume 76, Issue 169, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised Designation of Critical Habitat for the Sonoma County Distinct Population Segment of California Tiger Salamander, 2011
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Packet Pg. 168 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 91 Figure 21: California Tiger Salamander Range
Source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Tiger Salamander Range, 2020
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Packet Pg. 169 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update) 92 3.9 CONCLUSION
The City of Cotati is well positioned to successfully implement the policies, programs, and actions of this Housing Element. The 2023 Housing Element serves the housing needs of the next eight years for current and future residents and fulfills the statutory requirements of the State of California. The Housing Element demonstrates that the City has the housing sites and planned projects needed to address and surpass its Regional Housing Needs Allocation without the need to rezone sites. Moreover, the selected sites are integrated throughout the City with adequate distance from environmental hazards in consideration of existing and enhanced fair housing requirements. Programs have been identified to mitigate constraints to the production of housing, and to ensure that Cotati can continue to be an affordable and vibrant community for a wide variety of residents in the years to come.
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Packet Pg. 170 Attachment: Exhibit B1-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Housing Element - Tracked Changes (2023-03-20) (Housing Element Update)
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Packet Pg. 171 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
4.2 HOUSING NEEDS DATA ............................................................... 1
4.2.1 Pre-Certified Housing Needs Dataset .......................................... 1
4.2.2 Housing Needs Analysis ............................................................ 2 Housing Costs and Affordability ...................................................... 2 Housing Affordability .................................................................... 2 Senior Households ........................................................................ 6 Persons with Disabilities, including Developmental Disabilities............ 8 Large Households ....................................................................... 11 Farmworker Housing ................................................................... 12 Female-Headed Households ......................................................... 13 Homelessness ............................................................................ 15
4.2.3 Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types ...................................... 17
4.3 LOCAL HOUSING PROGRAMS & RESOURCES ..............................25
4.3.1 Resources: Housing Assistance Programs .................................. 25 Federal Assistance Programs ....................................................... 25 State Assistance Programs .......................................................... 28 Local Assistance Programs ........................................................... 30
4.3.2 Resources: Shelters, Transitional and Supportive Housing ........... 31
4.3.3 At-Risk Assisted Housing Developments .................................... 32
4.3.4 Planning and Zoning Incentives ............................................... 32 Density Bonuses ........................................................................ 33 Affordable Housing ..................................................................... 33 Local Processing and Permit Fees ................................................. 33
4.4 HOUSING CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS ..........................................35
4.4.1 Non-Governmental Constraints ................................................ 36 Vacant Land .............................................................................. 36 Land Costs ................................................................................ 36 Construction Costs ..................................................................... 36 Financing .................................................................................. 36 Development Trends ................................................................... 37 Community Opposition ................................................................ 38
4.4.2 Potential Governmental Constraints .......................................... 39 General Plan and Zoning Code ..................................................... 39 Density ..................................................................................... 42 Development Standards .............................................................. 43 Parking Requirements ................................................................. 48 Growth Controls ......................................................................... 49 Specific Plans ............................................................................. 51 Streamlined & By-Right Development Applications ......................... 52
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Packet Pg. 172 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) Housing for People with Disabilities .............................................. 53 Building Codes and Enforcement .................................................. 53 Reasonable Accommodation ........................................................ 54 Development and Permitting Fees ................................................ 55 Local Processing and Permit Procedures ........................................ 57 Historic Preservation ................................................................... 58
4.4.3 Environmental and Infrastructure Constraints ............................ 59 Environmental Constraints........................................................... 59 Infrastructure Constraints ........................................................... 67
4.5 Assessment of Fair Housing .......................................................68
4.5.1 Background and Summary of Fair Housing Issues ...................... 68 Housing Element Requirements .................................................... 69
4.5.2 Fair Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity....................... 70 Compliance with Existing Fair Housing Laws & Regulations .............. 70 Fair Housing Services, Outreach, and Enforcement at a Local Level .. 73 Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity: Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors ................................................................... 75
4.5.3 Segregation and Integration Patterns and Trends ....................... 76 Race and Ethnicity ...................................................................... 77 Persons with Disabilities .............................................................. 85 Familial Status ........................................................................... 87 Income ..................................................................................... 88 Poverty ..................................................................................... 94 Racially & Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAP) and Affluence (RCAA) ....................................................................... 96 Integration and Segregation: Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors ..................................................................................... 97
4.5.4 Disparities in Access to Opportunities ....................................... 97 Resource Areas .......................................................................... 98 Education .................................................................................. 99 Access to Healthy Environment .................................................. 102 Transportation ......................................................................... 104 Economic Development and Job Access ....................................... 109 Disparities in Access to Opportunity: Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors ................................................................. 113
4.5.5 Disproportionate Housing Needs, Including Displacement .......... 113 Cost Burden and Severe Cost Burden ......................................... 113 Overcrowding .......................................................................... 116 Substandard Housing ................................................................ 118 Homelessness .......................................................................... 119 Displacement ........................................................................... 119 Disproportionate Housing Needs and Displacement: Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors ........................................................... 122
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Packet Pg. 173 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update)
4.5.6 Summary of Fair Housing Goals and Priorities Based on Identified Contributing Factors ..................................................................... 122
4.5.7 Housing Sites and AFFH Considerations .................................. 124 Segregation and Integration ...................................................... 126 Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty ................... 127 Disparities in Access to Opportunity ............................................ 127 Disproportionate Housing Needs Including Displacement ............... 127 TABLES
Table 1: Housing Cost Limits by Area Median Income Level ................................ 3 Table 2: HCD Income Limits Sonoma County, 2022 .......................................... 3 Table 3: Sonoma County Median Hourly Wage by Occupation, 2020 .................... 4 Table 4: Cotati Household Income Level by Tenure ........................................... 4 Table 5: Cotati Cost Burden and Housing Problems by Tenure ............................ 5 Table 6: Senior Population by Age Group in Cotati ............................................ 7 Table 7: Senior Households by Age and Tenure in Cotati .................................... 7 Table 8: Senior Household Income Groups by Cost-Burden Levels in Cotati .......... 8 Table 9: Disability Type per Age Group in Cotati ............................................... 9 Table 10: Household Size by Tenure ............................................................. 11 Table 11: Large Households by Income Group ............................................... 12 Table 12: Household Size versus Bedroom Size by Tenure in Cotati ................... 12 Table 13: Single Parent and Female-Headed (FH) Households in Cotati .............. 14 Table 14: Total Number of Homeless Persons in Cotati, by Shelter Status ........... 15 Table 15: Residential Uses Allowed by Zoning District in Cotati ......................... 18 Table 16: Average Mortgage Interest Rates 2000 – 2022 ................................. 37 Table 17: Allowable Land Uses for Low Density and Neighborhood District Zones . 39 Table 18: Permit Requirements for Mixed Use Corridors, Downtown Specific Plan Districts, and Other Districts ....................................................................... 41 Table 19: City of Cotati Development Standards ............................................. 44 Table 20: City of Cotati Parking Requirements ............................................... 48 Table 21: City of Cotati Permitting Fees ........................................................ 55 Table 22: Permitting Fees in Cotati and Comparable Local Jurisdictions .............. 56 Table 23: Timelines for Permit Procedures and Decision-Making Authority .......... 57 Table 24: Housing Resources for Cotati ......................................................... 73 Table 25: Racial Isolation Index Values for Segregation within Cotati ................. 82 Table 26: Racial Dissimilarity Index Values for Segregation within Cotati ............ 82 Table 27: Theil’s H Index Values for Racial Segregation within Cotati ................. 83 Table 28: Disability by Type, 2019 ............................................................... 85 Table 29: Disability Status by Race and Ethnicity, City of Cotati, 2015-2019 ....... 86 Table 30: Population by Income Group in Cotati and the Region ........................ 90 Table 31: Income Group Isolation Index Values in Cotati (2010, 2015) and Average Bay Area Jurisdiction ................................................................................. 92
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Packet Pg. 174 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) Table 32: Income Group Dissimilarity Index Values for Segregation in Cotati ...... 92 Table 33: Poverty Status by Race in Cotati .................................................... 94 Table 34: Percent of Population Below Poverty Level for Whom Poverty Status is Determined in California, Sonoma County, and Cotati (2019) ........................... 96 Table 35: Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified District Student Demographics ............... 101 Table 36: FDIC-Regulated Bank Branches by Sonoma County Municipality ......... 110 Table 37: Projected Change in Jobs and Employed Residents in Cotati between 2010 and 2040 ........................................................................................ 111 Table 38: Cost Burden Severity in Cotati, County, State ................................. 115 Table 39: Substandard Housing Issues ........................................................ 118 Table 40: Homeless Persons in Cotati by Shelter Status .................................. 119 Table 41: Prioritization of Contributing Factors .............................................. 122 Table 42: Housing Sites and Segregation Indicators ....................................... 126 Table 43: Housing Sites and Access to Opportunity ........................................ 127
FIGURES
Figure 1: Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation ..................................... 61 Figure 2: Deep-Seated Landslide Susceptibility .............................................. 62 Figure 3: Earthquake Shaking Potential for California ...................................... 63 Figure 4: Flood Hazard Zones ...................................................................... 64 Figure 5: Fire Hazard Severity Zones ............................................................ 65 Figure 6: California Tiger Salamander Range ................................................. 66 Figure 7: Zoning Map of the City of Cotati ..................................................... 77 Figure 8: Population by Race in Cotati, 2000-2019 .......................................... 78 Figure 9: Population by Race in Cotati, Sonoma County, and the Bay Area ......... 79 Figure 10: Racial Dot Map of Cotati .............................................................. 80 Figure 11: Racial Dot Map of Cotati and Surrounding Areas, 2020 ..................... 81 Figure 12: Levels of Segregation in Census Tracts within Sonoma County, 2018 .. 84 Figure 13: Population with a Disability, Cotati ................................................ 86 Figure 14: Household Type in Cotati ............................................................. 87 Figure 15: Percent of Children in Female-Headed Households ........................... 88 Figure 16: Percent of Children in Married-Couple Households............................ 88 Figure 17: Households by Household Income Level ......................................... 89 Figure 18: Income Dot Map of Cotati, 2015 ................................................... 91 Figure 19: Map of Existing Affordable Rental Housing Projects in Cotati and Surrounding Area ...................................................................................... 93 Figure 20: Population by Poverty Status, 2019 ............................................... 95 Figure 21: Population by Poverty Status, 2014 ............................................... 95 Figure 22: Population Living in Resource Areas by Race in Cotati ...................... 97 Figure 23: TCAC Opportunity Maps (2022) – Composite Score .......................... 98 Figure 24: Population Living in Resource Areas by Race ................................... 99 Figure 25: TCAC Opportunity Areas (2022) Education Score by Tract ................ 100
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Packet Pg. 175 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) Figure 26: English Language Arts/Literacy Distribution – All Grades, 2018-2019 . 101 Figure 27: Mathematics Achievement Distribution – All Grades, 2018-2019 ....... 102 Figure 28: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles by Census Tracts in Cotati .............. 102 Figure 29: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles by Census Tracts in the Region ........ 103 Figure 30: Clean Environment Conditions in Cotati Compared to Other California Cities/Towns ............................................................................................ 104 Figure 31: Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART) Service Corridor Map ........ 105 Figure 32: Sonoma County Transit System Map ............................................ 106 Figure 33: California Healthy Places Index: Transportation in Cotati ................. 108 Figure 34: Sonoma County Equity Priority Communities.................................. 109 Figure 35: TCAC Opportunity Areas (2021) Economic Scores in Cotati ............... 110 Figure 36: Inflow and Outflow of Workers in Cotati ........................................ 112 Figure 37: Ratio of All Jobs to Homes in Sonoma County Jurisdictions ............... 113 Figure 38: Cost Burden by Tenure in Cotati, 2019.......................................... 114 Figure 39: Cost Burden by Income Level in Cotati .......................................... 115 Figure 40: Occupants Per Room for Households by Race and Ethnicity .............. 117 Figure 41: Overcrowding Severity in Cotati, Sonoma County and the Bay Area ... 118 Figure 42: Urban Displacement Project Bay Area Model 2020 - Cotati ............... 120 Figure 43: Urban Displacement Project Bay Area Model 2020 – North Bay Region ............................................................................................................. 121 Figure 44: Special Flood Hazard Areas (FEMA, 2020) in Cotati ......................... 122 Figure 45: Housing Sites and Resource Areas................................................ 125
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Packet Pg. 176 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 1 Section IV: Technical Background Report
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This section of the Technical Background Report includes the required quantification and analysis of needs, identification, and analysis of the housing needs for special needs populations, and analysis of zoning for a variety of housing types. The Technical Background Report supplements the Housing Needs Data Report described below. Through the Housing Element, the City is planning to accommodate future population growth and address local housing needs.
Key information from this analysis is summarized in Section 1 of the Housing Element.
4.2 HOUSING NEEDS DATA
To meet all statutory requirements in Government Code § 65583(a) (1 and 2) related to quantification and analysis of existing housing needs, this Technical Background Report includes locally acquired information and data including areas of economic and ethnic segregation, special needs, local knowledge of the housing stock, local housing resources, and an analysis of housing constraints.
4.2.1 Pre-Certified Housing Needs Dataset
The Housing Needs Data Report provided by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) is included in Appendix A. This appendix contains a list of housing terms, regional housing needs allocation (RHNA) methodology, household characteristics, demographics of housing stock, and data on special needs populations. The data in this report was reviewed and pre-certified by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) in March 2021 and meets most of the requirements for quantification of existing and projected, including the following:
Population, employment trends, and existing and projected housing needs for all income levels;
Household characteristics, including level of payment compared to ability to pay, housing characteristics, including overcrowding (e.g., existing households, existing extremely low-income households, total, lower and extremely low-income households overpaying, overcrowded households); and;
Special housing needs (e.g., number of persons with disabilities, number of persons with developmental disabilities, elderly households by tenure, large households by tenure, farmworkers, and female-headed households).
The remaining housing needs data requirements, including quantification of persons experiencing homelessness, estimation of the number of units in need of
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Packet Pg. 177 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 2 rehabilitation and replacement, and projects at risk of converting to market-rate uses, are addressed within this Technical Background Report (Section 4). The section also contains other data related to local housing programs and resources, an analysis of housing constraints, and the assessment of fair housing.
4.2.2 Housing Needs Analysis
To meet all requirements of Government Code § 65583(a)(1)(2), this section includes data and analysis of the jurisdiction’s projected housing needs for special needs housing populations including the elderly, persons with disabilities (including developmental disabilities), large households, female-headed households, persons experiencing homeless and persons in need of emergency shelter, and agricultural workers. After identifying and analyzing these special housing needs, the City can provide resources and actions to accommodate and address diverse housing needs.
Housing Costs and Affordability
Housing affordability is a major consideration in providing suitable housing. The cost of housing itself is not a problem unless households in the area cannot find adequately sized units at an affordable price. Affordability is defined as paying 30% or less of gross monthly household income on housing costs, based on both State and Federal standards for households of lower income. The following section discusses current income levels and ability to pay for housing compared with housing costs. Since above moderate-income households do not generally have problems locating affordable units, affordable units are frequently defined as those reasonably priced for households that are very low- to moderate-income.
Housing cost is generally the single, greatest expense item for households. For owner-occupied households housing expenses consist of mortgage and interest payments, insurance, maintenance, and property taxes. For renter-occupied households housing expenses consist of rent and utilities. Higher-income households may choose to spend greater portions of their income on housing expenses and still have sufficient money left over for other expenses. However, many lower-income households must involuntarily spend a large share of their income on housing leaving them with less money for other expenses.
Housing Affordability
Table 1 shows the affordable housing cost guidelines established in Section 50052.5 and 50053 of the California Health and Safety Code. The guidelines are based on the median income calculated by the HCD income limits. As previously described, the generally accepted definition of housing affordability is for a household to pay no more than 30% of its gross annual income on housing. It should be noted that moderate-income households and above typically spend greater than 30% on household expenses; therefore, the threshold for overpayment is higher at approximately 35% of their income.
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Packet Pg. 178 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 3 Table 1: Housing Cost Limits by Area Median Income Level Income Level Income Limit For Sale Rental
Extremely Low 0-30% AMI 30% of 30% of AMI 30% of 30% of AMI Very Low 31%-50% AMI 30% of 50% of AMI 30% of 50% of AMI Low 51%-80% AMI 30% of 70% of AMI 30% of 60% of AMI
Moderate 81%-120% AMI 35% of 110% of AMI 35% of 110% of AMI Source: HCD Income Limits, 2022.
HCD establishes household income limits to define households as extremely low-, very low-, low-, or moderate-income level. These income levels vary throughout the state and are based on the area median income of the region and adjusted based on the number of persons per household. The income limits for Sonoma County are shown on Table 2. A family of three with an annual income of $85,550 or less would be considered a low-income household:
Table 2: HCD Income Limits Sonoma County, 2022
Income Level
Persons Per Household
1 2 3 4 5 6
Extremely
Low (ELI) $25,000 $28,550 $32,100 $35,650 $38,550 $41,400 Very Low
Income (VLI) $41,600 $47,550 $53,500 $59,400 $64,200 $68,950 Low Income (LI) $66,550 $76,050 $85,550 $95,050 $102,700 $110,300 Median Income $78,950 $490,250 $101,500 $112,800 $121,800 $130,850 Moderate
Income $94,750 $108,300 $121,800 $135,350 $146,200 $157,000 Table 2 summarizes 2022 HCD-defined household income limits for extremely low, very low-, low-, and moderate-income households in Sonoma County (including Cotati) by the number of persons in the household and shows maximum affordable monthly rents and maximum affordable purchase prices for homes. Households earning the 2020 median income for a family of four in Cotati ($112,800) could afford to spend up to $33,840 a year, or $2,840 per month, on housing without being considered cost burdened.
Extremely low-income households have incomes at or below 30% of the area median income (AMI), adjusted for household size. In Sonoma County, the 2022 AMI for a four-person household is $112,800. A household of the same size with an annual income at or below $35,650 is considered extremely low-income (ELI). This income is equivalent to an hourly wage of $17.14, which may include farmworkers, cooks, and cashiers (Table 3). Additionally, many extremely low-income households are on fixed incomes with sources including disability benefits and social security.
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Packet Pg. 179 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 4 Table 3: Sonoma County Median Hourly Wage by Occupation, 2020 Occupation Median Hourly Wage
Waiters and Waitresses $13.49
Cashiers $14.38
Retail Salesperson $16.07
Farmworkers and Laborers $15.94
Cooks, Restaurant $16.64
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), 2020 first quarter industry employment
There are an estimated 285 ELI households in Cotati, 10.1% of the City’s total households. This is a lower proportion than the larger Sonoma County, where 19.9% of households are extremely low-income. In Cotati, 12.3% of ELI households are homeowners, and 87.7% rent. In comparison, 56.3% of the City’s total households are homeowners and 43.7% rent.
Table 4: Cotati Household Income Level by Tenure
Income Level OwnerOccupied
RenterOccupied Total
0%-30% of AMI Extremely Low-Income (ELI) 35 250 285
31%-50% of AMI Very Low-Income (VLI) 159 180 339
51%-80% of AMI Low-Income (LI) 145 273 418
81%-100% of AMI 44 165 209
Greater than 100% of AMI 1,214 370 1,584
Total 1,597 1,238 2,835
Source: HUD, CHAS ACS Tabulation, 2013-2017 release
Extremely low-income households may be more likely to face housing problems and cost burden. Housing problems include a lack of complete kitchen facilities, lack of complete plumbing facilities, or overcrowding. Cost burden is the ratio of housing costs (rent or mortgage, utilities, taxes) to household income. HUD defines costburdened households as those whose monthly housing costs exceed 30% of monthly income, while severely cost-burdened households are those whose monthly housing costs exceed 50% of monthly income.
In Cotati, about 76% of extremely low-income renters experience housing problems, 78% are cost-burdened, and 58% are extremely cost-burdened, as shown in Table 5
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Packet Pg. 180 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 5 below. ELI renters face greater housing problems and cost burden than ELI homeowners in Cotati.
Table 5: Cotati Cost Burden and Housing Problems by Tenure Total owners Total renters Total households
ELI Households 35 250 285
Any housing problem 25 190 215
Cost burden >30 % 19 195 214
Cost burden >50 % 15 145 160
VLI Households 159 180 339
Any housing problem 125 170 295
Cost burden > 30 % 125 165 290
Cost burden >50 % 45 100 145
LI Households 145 273 418
Any housing problems 30 265 295
Cost burden > 30 % 30 240 270
Cost burden >50 % 20 45 65
Source: HUD Consolidated Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2013-2017 ACS Many extremely low-income households seek rental housing and are likely to experience housing problems including cost burden, overcrowding, or substandard housing conditions. This can be exacerbated by stagnant wages and increasing cost of living that may result in the lack of adequate resources to meet basic daily needs.
ELI households may include multiple wage earners and typically include food service workers, full-time students, teachers, farmworkers, healthcare professionals, seniors, or adults with disabilities and special needs.
Housing types that can accommodate special needs populations include mobile homes, studios or one-bedroom units such as single-room occupancy units, and shared multi-bedroom homes.
Programs and Resources for Very and Extremely Low-Income Households Several existing and planned affordable housing complexes in Cotati include units that serve very low and extremely-low income households including:
Charles Street Village, 47 affordable homes, Seniors, 2001 Marvin Gardens, 37 affordable homes, Family, 1983
Wilford Lane Apartments, 35 affordable homes, Special Needs, 2003 Windwood Apartments, 28 affordable homes, Family, 1981
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Packet Pg. 181 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 6 Cotati Station, 8 very low-income rental units, approved in 2022 Kessing Ranch, 2 very low-income, for sale units
Three proposed projects will include very low-income units:
o Redwood Row, 9 very low-income units (170 total units) o Cotati Village, 18 very low-income units (177 total units) o Red’s Residential, 14 very low-income units (126 total units) Rooming houses, (Single Room Occupancies or SROs), are allowed under a use permit in the NU zone.
Within the 5th Housing Element planning cycle, 7 VLI units were permitted.
To address the remaining needs of extremely low-income households, the City is implementing the following policies and programs:
Program 1-5: Preservation of Affordable Housing
Program 2-6: Emergency Shelters, Transitional Housing, and Supportive Housing
Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing Program 4-1: Anti-Displacement Actions
Senior Households
Households with individuals 65 years and older are considered senior households.
Seniors may experience challenges accessing or securing affordable housing while living on a fixed income. Increasing costs of living and healthcare can exacerbate existing issues related to disabilities, chronic health conditions, or reduced mobility.
Seniors who rent may be at greater risk of housing insecurity than homeowners and are more likely to be cost burdened.
Existing and Projected Needs of Senior Households
In 2019, 977 persons (13.1% of the City’s population) aged 65 years and older were recorded. The senior population increased by approximately 36.3% since 2013 whereas the City’s total population increased at a lesser rate of 2.1%. Table 6Table 6Table 6 identifies the senior population by age group and the associated percent change. From 2013 to 2019, the 85 years and older age group significantly increased by 193%, and the 65 to 74 age group increased by 56.9%, and the 75 to 84 age group decreased by 16.8%.
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Packet Pg. 182 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 7 Table 6: Senior Population by Age Group in Cotati
Age Group 2013 2019
Percent Change,
2013-2019*
Age 65-74 394 55.0% 618 63.3% +56.9%
Age 75-84 280 39.1% 233 23.8% -16.8%
Age 85+ 43 6.0% 126 12.9% +193%
Source: City of Cotati 5th cycle Housing Element; US Census Bureau, 2019*Note: (+) represents increases and (-) represents decreases in population size Senior households make up 22.3% of the total households in Cotati. Of the total senior households, 79.1% own their unit and 20.9% rent. Seniors who are 65-74 years make up about 70% of owner-occupied senior householders, as shown in Table 7Table 7Table 7 below. Since 2013, the number of owner-occupied senior householders has increased by 45.8% whereas renter-occupied senior householders have decreased by 16.2%. The increase in owner-occupied senior households is likely due to the aging in place of Cotati’s population.
Table 7: Senior Households by Age and Tenure in Cotati
Owner Renter
Number Percent Number Percent
Age 65-74 339 69.6 50 38.8
Age 75-84 86 17.7 64 49.6
Age 85+ 62 12.7 15 11.6
Total 487 100 129 100
Source: US Census ACS: 2019 5-Year estimates, Table B25007 In Cotati, 25.6% of seniors experience ambulatory difficulties followed by those with independent living difficulties (15.6%) and hearing difficulties (11.6%).
Half of the owner-occupied senior households earn above-moderate incomes and are less likely to experience cost burdens. Households that are not cost burdened pay 30% or less of their income on housing needs such as mortgage/rent, taxes, and utilities.
Low-income senior households who rent are most likely to experience severe cost burdens, paying more than half of their income towards housing expenses. Of total senior households who reported any cost burdens, 15% are severely cost burdened and may require assistance in rehabilitating their hoes to suit their changing needs such as handrails, ramps, flooring, etc. Rental subsidies also continue to be viable options for seniors to reduce housing costs and address their unique needs.
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Packet Pg. 183 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 8 Table 8: Senior Household Income Groups by Cost-Burden Levels in Cotati Income group 0%-30% of Income
Used for Housing
30%-50% of
Income Used
for Housing
50%+ of
Income Used
for Housing
Total Percent
0%-30% of AMI 25 34 30 89 12.4
31%-50% of AMI 50 69 59 178 24.7
51%-80% of AMI 90 25 20 135 18.8
81%-100% of AMI 24 14 0 38 5.3
Greater than
100% of AMI 210 70 0 280 38.9
Total 399 212 109 720 100
Source: US HUD CHAS ACS Tabulation, 2013-2017 release
Programs and Resources for Senior Households
There are 47 units of senior housing and 15 beds of residential care and assisted living in Cotati:
Charles Street Village (770 E. Cotati Avenue) – 47 units of lower-income senior housing
Oaks of Hebron Sierra (405 W. Sierra Avenue) – 6 bed elderly residential care facility
Sunset House (9408 Willow Ave) – 9 bed elderly assisted living facility To address the remaining needs of senior households, the City is implementing the following policies and programs:
Program 2-4: Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)
Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing Persons with Disabilities, including Developmental Disabilities State law defines disability as a “physical or mental impairment that makes performance of a major life activity difficult” (CA Dept of Fair Employment and Housing, 2022). Physical and mental impairments can include chronic or episodic conditions such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, epilepsy, seizure disorder, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, and other similar conditions. Individuals with these conditions are protected under various State laws, such as the Prudence K. Poppink Act and Fair Employment and Housing Act. Individuals with mental, physical, or developmental disabilities need accessible, safe, and affordable housing close to medical care or supportive services. Individuals with disabilities typically live on fixed incomes, limiting their ability to pay for housing.
Housing Element law, as amended by SB 812 (2021) requires jurisdictions to evaluate special housing needs for individuals experiencing developmental disabilities. A
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Packet Pg. 184 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 9 developmental disability is defined in the Lanternman Act as an impairment that “originates before an individual attains 18 years of age, continues or may continue indefinitely, and constitutes a substantial disability for that individual” and includes mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism.
Existing and Projected Needs of Persons with Disabilities In Cotati, 10% of the population (1,581 individuals) reported having a disability, including developmental disabilities. The proportion of disabled residents is lower than Sonoma County overall, and individuals with disabilities have decreased from 17% in 2013 (Source: 5th Cycle Housing Element). Among disability types, 5.6% experience cognitive difficulties, 5% experience ambulatory difficulties, and 4% experience independent living difficulties. Most youth with disabilities live at home with a parent or guardian.
Disabled renter households reported a higher incidence of housing problems, such as overcrowding, overpayment, or lacking full kitchen or plumbing facilities than nondisabled owner households.
Table 9: Disability Type per Age Group in Cotati
Disability Type Under 5*
years
5-17*
years
18-34
years
35-64
years
65-74
years
75+
years
Total
Hearing difficulty 0 0 0 91 45 68 204
Vision difficulty 0 0 0 42 23 28 93
Cognitive difficulty 8 168 149 46 47 417
Ambulatory difficulty 0 17 104 141 109 371
Self-care difficulty 0 28 52 12 48 140
Independent living
difficulty - - 69 79 60 92 300
Developmental
Disability 22 34 56
Source: US Census Bureau, S1810 Disability Characteristics, 2019: ACS 5-Year Estimates; California Department of Developmental Services, 2020
* The number of individuals experiencing cognitive, ambulatory, and self-care difficulties represent age groups 17 and younger.
Programs and Resources for Persons with Disabilities
In Cotati, there are 83 units of affordable housing that support disabled households:
Charles Street Village (770 E. Cotati Avenue) – 47 units of lower income senior housing, including units accessible to senior disabled households. Wilford Lane Village (160 Wilford Lane) – a 36-unit family apartment community, includes several units that were designed to accommodate disabled persons with special needs.
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Packet Pg. 185 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 10 Based on 2019 ACS data, 10% of households in Cotati had a disabled member.
Applying this figure to the 6th Cycle RHNA, approximately 23.4 new households will have one or more disabled members through 2033, including at least. Based on 2019 ACS data, 4.0% of persons in Cotati have an independent living or self-care disability.
Applying this figure to the RHNA, approximately one with special housing needs that require a supported living environment.
Households with a disabled member will require a mixture of housing units with accessibility features, in‐home care, or group care housing facilities. Some of these households will have a member with developmental disability who may also have special housing needs. The North Bay Regional Center (NBRC) indicated that developmentally disabled persons may live with a family in a typical single family or multifamily home, but some developmentally disabled persons with more severe disabilities may have special housing needs that may include extended family homes, group homes, small and large residential care facilities, intermediate care, or skilled nursing facilities. Most of these persons will be low income and will need affordable housing such as extremely low/very low/low-income housing (both rental and ownership), Section 8/Housing Choice Vouchers, and single room occupancy units.
Regionally, the NBRC provides services and housing opportunities for individuals with disabilities in Sonoma County and provides in-home family support services for adults with disabilities to assist with daily needs and activities. Other local and regional resources and programs for individuals with disabilities include:
North Bay Industries – located in Rohnert Park, provides supportive employment programs and affordable housing for adults with disabilities. United Cerebral Palsy (UCP) of the North Bay – children and young adult education, integrated employment, and recreational activities. First 5 Sonoma County – programs and resources for parents and children from prenatal stage to five years.
Allied Integration Services – adult day programs including vocational training, skill-building, and behavioral management.
To address the remaining needs of households with disabilities, the City is implementing the following policies and programs:
Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing Program 4-4: Reasonable Accommodation
Policy H-3.6: Continue to facilitate accessible universal design in new housing development and eliminate further barriers to safe and accessible housing for people with disabilities
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Packet Pg. 186 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 11 Large Households
Large households typically comprise of five or more persons residing together. This may include multiple generations and/or extensions of a family, multiple families, students, or other non-related household members. Large households serve a unique need in that householders may want to save money due to the high cost of living, share responsibilities for religious or cultural reasons, serve a member with disabilities, among other living arrangements including co-housing communities, intentional communities, group homes, employee housing, fraternities, sororities, and communes. While all housing units with three or more bedrooms can serve large households, some larger and multi-generational households may require more bedrooms to avoid overcrowding.
Existing and Projected Needs of Large Households
In Cotati, large families make up 12.2% of total households and have more than doubled in the 5th Housing Element Cycle. Tenure among large households is 48.5% owner-occupied and 51.5% renter-occupied units. More than half of larger families are at above-moderate income levels and roughly one third of larger families are at low to extremely low-income levels. Lower- and moderate-income large households may have difficulty accessing affordable rental housing.
Large families can have a difficult time finding housing units large enough to meet their needs. In Cotati, there appears to be an adequate amount of housing units available to provide units with enough bedrooms both for larger households that own their home and that rent. Table 10Table 10Table 10 identifies the number of large households by household size. While there appear to be adequate units in Cotati to accommodate all large owner and renter households, it does not mean that there is a match between housing units and large families. Consequently, a lack of units available to large households is cited as a contributing factor to fair housing issues.
Table 10: Household Size by Tenure
Household Size Owner-occupied
households
Renter-occupied
households
All households
1-person 449 308 757
2-person 448 312 760
3-person 292 237 529
4-person 211 165 376
5 or more-person 163 173 336
Total 1,563 1,195 2,758
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year estimates, Table B25009, 2019
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Packet Pg. 187 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 12 Table 11: Large Households by Income Group
Income Group All other household types Larger families of 5+ people
Total
0%-30% AMI 264 10 274
31%-50% AMI 343 10 353
51%-80% AMI 379 45 424
81%-100% AMI 177 34 211
Greater than 100% AMI 1,450 139 1,589
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) ACS tabulation, 2013-2017 release
Table 12: Household Size versus Bedroom Size by Tenure in Cotati Tenure
5 Person Households 6 Person or Larger Households
3 BDR
units Households Shortfall/ Excess 4+ BDR units Households Shortfall/ Excess Owner 649 138 511 415 25 390
Renter 438 102 336 129 71 58
Total 1,087 240 175 544 96 448
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 ACS 5-Year estimates, Tables B25009, S2504, DP04 Programs and Resources for Large Households
To address the remaining needs of large households, the City is implementing the following policies and programs:
Program 2-4: Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)
Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing Program 4-6: Culturally Appropriate Facilitation and Involvement Farmworker Housing
Statewide, farmworker housing is of unique concern and importance. Farmworkers are essential to the region’s economy and its food supply. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2017 Census of Agriculture, only 18% of Sonoma County’s farmworkers are migrant workers, with 82% of farmworkers considered settled and working farm(s) within 75 miles of their residences. Of the County’s 3,594 farms counted in 2017, 48% hired farm labor, 93% were considered family farms, and 44% of farms were smaller than 10 acres.
Existing and Projected Needs of Farmworkers
The 2019 ACS 5-Year Estimate identified approximately 153 Cotati residents employed in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations, representing 3.8% of the City workforce and 2.08% of Sonoma County farmworkers.
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Packet Pg. 188 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 13 Per the Sonoma County Farmworker Health Survey 2013-2014, the “majority of farmworkers (88%) reported that Sonoma County was their permanent residence, and most (71%) farmworkers were living in the US with their families.” Farmworker families were estimated to spend between 30% and 54% of their annual income on housing. Two-thirds of farmworkers lived in overcrowded dwellings in Sonoma County, and farmworkers who lived with their families were the most likely to live in overcrowded conditions.
In 2021, the local newspaper printed a special report about low-wage earners living in Sonoma County, saying, “many are farmworkers… who live in cramped apartments with too many people, or sheds with only a chemical toilet, or tiny mobile homes with leaking roofs or backed-up sewage pipes...”1 Although the data does not indicate a specific need for farmworker housing among Cotati residents, this is a significant regional need.
Programs and Resources for Farmworkers
Various programs are available in the region to meet the needs of farmworkers. These include:
California Rural Legal Assistance, provides legal aid with civil cases for lowincome people, farmworkers, and migrant communities La Luz Center, provides rental assistance, tenant support, and access to food, counseling, education, and health resources to eligible residents To address the remaining needs of farmworkers, Cotati is implementing the following program(s):
Program 3-1: Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types
Program 3-2: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing Female-Headed Households
Single parent households are households with children under the age of 18 at home and include both male- and female‐headed households. These households generally have a higher ratio between their income and their living expenses (that is, living expenses take up a larger share of income than is generally the case in two‐parent households). Finding affordable, decent, and safe housing is often more difficult for single parent and female-headed households. Additionally, single parent and femaleheaded households have special needs involving access to daycare or childcare, health care and other supportive services.
Existing and Projected Needs of Female-Headed Households Forty-five percent of Cotati households are headed by a single people. There are 438 single-male heads of household (15.9%) and 811 single-female heads of household (29.4%). Table 13Table 13Table 13 identifies single-parent households by gender of 1 Many live in squalid conditions to work in Sonoma County, Press Democrat, November 18, 2021
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Packet Pg. 189 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 14 the householder and presence of children. In Cotati, while 4.4% of families overall are under the poverty level, 57.5% of female-headed households are under the poverty level. Area Median Income (AMI) of 18% or less is considered poverty, as defined by the California Poverty Measure. As Cotati’s population and households grow, there will be a continued need for supportive services for single-parent households with children present.
Table 13: Single Parent and Female-Headed (FH) Households in Cotati Household type Number Percent of Total Households
Total households 2,758
Total FH households 811 29.4
FH householder w. children
under 18, no spouse
113 4.1
Male householder w. children
under 18, no spouse
16 0.6
FH households living alone 455 16.5
Total families under the poverty
level
120 4.4
FH households under the
poverty level, no spouse
No child
1 or 2 children
3 or 4 children
69 29
24 16
2.5 Source: US Census Tables B17012 & DP02 2019: ACS 5-Year estimates – acc. 6/1/22 Programs and Resources for Female-Headed Households
Female-headed households under the poverty level may need additional resources related to job training, childcare, and health care coverage. State and County programs are available to assist low-income families and single-parent families, including the following:
SonomaWORKS provides temporary help for families with children who have little or no money. This may include housing, food, utilities payments, childcare or medical care, job training, legal services, and mental health services. Medi-Cal and the County Medical Services Program provide health care coverage for eligible residents.
CalFresh and WIC help eligible residents afford food and access information about nutrition and health.
For families at risk of homelessness, available resources include the following:
2-1-1 is a local hotline that provides information about a variety of services in Sonoma County, including housing, shelter, and food.
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Packet Pg. 190 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 15 SHARE Sonoma County is a local service provider that matches home-seekers who are either homeless or at-risk of homelessness with home-providers that have an extra room in their house.
To address the remaining needs of female-headed households, the City is implementing the following program:
Program 4-3: Nondiscrimination & Fair Housing Information Homelessness
Homeless individuals and families have perhaps the most immediate housing need of any group. They also have one of the most difficult sets of housing needs and support services to meet, due to both the diversity and the complexity of factors that lead to homelessness. The Department of Housing and Urban Development defines homelessness as any “individual or family who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence.” This also includes those at risk of being homeless, those fleeing domestic violence, those who have no other residence, and those who lack the resources to obtain permanent housing. In California, those who have reported experiencing chronic homelessness have increased by 20% between 2020 and 2021.2 Existing and Projected Needs of Persons Experiencing Homelessness According to the 2020 Point-in-Time Census, there was an estimated total of 37 homeless persons in Cotati, all of which were unsheltered. In Sonoma County, there are a total of 2,745 reported individuals experiencing homelessness, which represents a 7% decrease in homeless persons since 2019. The causes of homelessness are complex and often based on inter-related factors. In Sonoma County, the primary causes of homelessness, as reported by the 2020 Sonoma County Homeless Census Comprehensive Report, were lost job (22%), alcohol or drug use (16%), argument with family or friend (15%), and fire (10%). Obstacles to obtaining permanent housing, from highest reported to lowest reported, include unable to afford rent (70%), no job or not enough income (50%), no money for moving costs (31%), no housing availability (20%), and no transportation (17%).
Of those experiencing homelessness in the County, the majority (63%) are men and white. The number of homeless individuals who are sheltered in Sonoma County increased by 5% between 2019 to 2020. The amount of homeless youth (18-24) and seniors (61+) has increased since 2016.
According to the 2020 Sonoma County Homeless Census Comprehensive Report, the number of those who are homeless and unsheltered in Cotati increased dramatically between 2018 to 2019 (Table 14Table 14Table 14) but decreased since then.
Table 14: Total Number of Homeless Persons in Cotati, by Shelter Status 2018 2019 2020
2 2021 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress
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Packet Pg. 191 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 16 Unsheltered 1 44 37
Sheltered 0 0 0
Total 1 44 37
Source: 2020 Sonoma County Homeless Census Comprehensive Report Programs and Resources for Persons Experiencing Homelessness Emergency shelters are allowed by-right in the General Commercial District and the Public Facilities District of Cotati. Emergency shelters are allowed within the Downtown Specific Plan area, subject to the permit requirements and standards of the Downtown Specific Plan. North House on Old Redwood Highway in Cotati is a 8- unit transitional housing facility serving homeless and mentally disabled adults. “A Step Up – Cotati” is a 11-bed transitional home serving adults with addiction and behavioral health issues.
Cotati has two housing facilities operated by Community Support Network that serve populations that are homeless or at-risk of homelessness. North House – 8050 Old Redwood Highway: Eight-bed residential Transitional Training Program for mentally ill, homeless adults. There is minimal supervision and services focus on helping clients assess their own skills and abilities relating to independent living stabilization. Clients can stay up to eight months.
A Step Up – 420 East Cotati Avenue: Eleven-bed facility providing dual diagnosed adults (mental illness with alcohol and/or other drug issues) the opportunity to improve physical and emotional health and develop positive habits that can speed up their path to recovery and self-sufficiency. Clients can stay up to twelve months.
Cotati partners with the Committee on the Shelterless (COTS) shelter and housing programs, which provide emergency and transitional shelter and permanent housing for the homeless. Some of the programs include Integrity Housing, Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH), and the Rapid Rehousing (RRH) program.
A list of regional housing resources is provided for those experiencing homelessness at the Homeless Shelter Directory, including:
Sonoma County Behavioral Health
Community Support Network
The SAY Dream Center For Youths
The Living Room Day Shelter For Women
The Rose - Women with Children Emergency Shelter
Redwood Gospel Mission
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Packet Pg. 192 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 17 Catholic Charities Homeless Services Center
Family Support Center
Sloan House Women's Emergency Shelter
Community Support Network Opportunity House
InterFaith Shelter Network
To address the remaining needs of homeless individuals, the City is implementing the following policies and programs:
Program 2-5: Continuum of Care and Crisis Response - Seek funding to support transitional and supportive housing.
The City of Cotati has greatly expanded its relationship with local non-profit organizations and service providers, through participation with the CDC and separately to meet the various needs of the un-housed population. This has resulted in three units of transitional housing being purchased within the City, with management of these services being led by CDC staff. Program 3-2: Planning for Affordable and Special Needs Housing – Develop a housing stakeholders group that includes affordable housing developers and special needs group stakeholders to discuss needs and priorities. The City's Land Use Code requires 10% of all units in new subdivisions to be single story and universally accessible to allow for full conversions in the future if needed/wanted. The City's objective design guidelines also require multifamily housing projects to incorporate 10% of the units as accessible. Program 3-3: Funding for Affordable and Special Needs Housing – Seek available funding for lower income and special needs housing. Program 1-1: Housing Rehabilitation and Home Ownership Over the 5th Cycle, the CDC applications for these funding sources has primarily focused on addressing homelessness and infrastructure deficiencies.
Policy H-3-9: Coordinate with regional and local service groups to facilitate linkages between at-risk individuals and families, and organizations that provide support services.
4.2.3 Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types
This section provides an analysis of zoning and availability of sites for a variety of housing types pursuant to Government Code § 65583(a)(4), 65583(c)(1), and 65583.2(c). The City provides for a range of housing types within its Zoning Code, as demonstrated in Table 15Table 15Table 15 below, including single-family, multifamily, accessory dwelling units, mobile and manufactured homes, residential care facilities, emergency shelters, supportive housing, transitional housing, single-room occupancy living units, boarding/rooming houses and family daycare homes.
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Packet Pg. 193 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 18 Additional information related to the permitting requirements, allowed densities, and development standards for each type of housing and zoning designation can be found in Section 4.4.2, Potential Governmental Constraints. Because Cotati is small town of mature neighborhoods it has limited availability of sites across all zoning districts discussed. State laws such as SB 478 (2021) promote the creation of “missing middle” housing such as live/work units, multiplexes, townhomes, bungalow courts, and other housing types by allowing more flexibility in size and shape of new, smallscale development (Terner Center, 2019).
This Housing Element includes a program for the City to allow an increased variety of housing types such as live-work studios. The City is actively processing and permitting projects that address the community’s housing needs, including many of the housing types analyzed here. Additionally, during 2022 the City is updating the Downtown and Transit Oriented Zoning to allow better allow for infill residential development.
Table 15: Residential Uses Allowed by Zoning District in Cotati Zoning Map
Symbol Name of Zoning District
General Plan Designation
Implemented
by Zoning District
Maximum density/dwelling units
to accommodate
RR Rural Residential Rural One unit per 1 or 1.5 acre
RVL Residential Very Low
Density
Low-Density Residential One unit per 0.5 to 0.66 acre
NL Neighborhood, Low
Density
Low-Medium Density
Residential
6 units per acre
NM Neighborhood, Medium
Density
Medium Density Residential 10 units per acre
NU Neighborhood, Urban High-Density Residential 15 units per acre Mixed Use Corridor and Downtown Zones
CE Commercial, East Cotati
Ave. Corridor
Office, General Commercial 15 units per acre
CD Downtown Commercial General Commercial, La
Plaza Specific Plan
15 units per acre
CA Commerce Avenue Downtown Specific Plan3 61 dwellings NG Northern Gateway Downtown Specific Plan 229 dwellings HC Historic Core Downtown Specific Plan 71 dwellings
LP La Plaza Downtown Specific Plan 89 dwellings
Special Purpose and Overlay Zones
3 Downtown Specific Plan area has no density limits. The plan establishes a maximum number of residential units that can be developed within the zones of the Specific Plan area.
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Packet Pg. 194 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 19 Zoning Map
Symbol Name of Zoning District
General Plan Designation
Implemented
by Zoning District
Maximum density/dwelling units
to accommodate
CP Coordinated Planning
Overlay
All
MHP Mobile Home Park
Overlay
All Residential determined by the primary
zone of the affected site
PF Public Facility Public Facilities
SPSW Specific Plan, Santero
Way
All No maximum
SPD Specific Plan, Downtown General Commercial,
Residential, Parks
No maximum
Source: https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Cotati/html/Cotati17/Cotati1720.html Single- and Multifamily Rental Housing
Single- and multifamily housing types include detached and attached single-family homes, duplexes, triplexes, townhomes, condominiums, and rental apartments.
Single-family dwellings are permitted in the RR, RVL, and NL zones, and in the NM and NU zones with a use permit. Multifamily housing of 5-9 units is allowed with a use permit in the NM and NU zones. Multifamily housing with 10 or more units is permitted in SPSW zone and is permitted with a use permit in the NU zone. if 25% of units are affordable or with a use permit if fewer than 25% of the units are affordable. Residential components of mixed-use projects are a permitted use in the CE, CG, CD, HC, LP, NG, CA, and SPSW zones. Zones allowing multifamily housing are generally adjacent to medium and low density residential areas, with many areas near major thoroughfares or the train station.
According to the 2020 ACS 5-year estimates, there are 2917 housing units in Cotati. Single-family detached and attached account for most Cotati housing stock, consisting of 55.3% (1613 units) and 13.1% (382 units) respectively. Duplexes, triplexes, and fourplexes comprise 5.7% (166 units) and multi-family complexes with five or more units comprise 19.9% (580 units) of the housing stock.
Housing for Agricultural Employees
According to the 2020 ACS 5-year estimate, 3% of Cotati’s residents (124 people) were employed in the agriculture, forestry, fishing/hunting, and mining industries.
There is no farmworker data specific to the City, but there are agricultural lands that would require farmworker employment within the City limits. While there is a significant amount of agricultural production in Sonoma County and demand for farmworker housing in the unincorporated areas of the county as well as communities with agricultural land, there are no parcels in Cotati currently designated for agricultural use. Agricultural uses, such as crop production, horticulture, vineyard,
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Packet Pg. 195 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 20 and orchard use may be allowed in the Rural Residential zone subject to the issuance of a use permit.
Cotati’s Zoning Code allows employee housing that accommodates up to six employees, considered as a single-family use and subject to the same standards and permit requirements as a single-family residence in all zones that allow single-family uses, and is compliant with CA Health and Safety Code Section 17021.5. Under Program 3-1 (Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types), the City will amend its Code to allow housing consisting of no more than 36 beds in group quarters (or 12 units or less) designed for use by a single family or household to be treated as an agricultural use, as required by CA Health and Safety Code Sections 17021.6.
Emergency Shelters and Low Barrier Navigation Centers
According to the Health and Safety Code, emergency shelters are housing with minimal supportive services for homeless persons that are limited to occupancy of six months or less by a homeless person. Local agencies are required to identify a zone where emergency shelters are allowed as permitted use without a conditional use or another discretionary permit. Emergency shelters are allowed in the Downtown Commercial (CD) District and the Public Facilities (PF) District of Cotati. The City also allows establishment of emergency shelters in the Downtown Specific Plan area, subject to the permit requirements and standards of the Downtown Specific Plan.
Sites zoned PF are scattered throughout the City, with CD and Downtown Specific Plan areas located near the center of the City, with better access to transit and amenities. These sites have sufficient capacity to meet the need for emergency shelter, as shown in Table 16. In addition to these vacant sites, there is potential for reuse and redevelopment of existing buildings as emergency shelters.
Table 16: Sites with Capacity for Emergency Shelter
APN Zoning District Acres Current Use
144-261-003 CD 0.15 Vacant
144-274-007 CD 0.17 Vacant
Total 0.32
Calculated using the standards of AB 2339 (2022): 37 people in need of emergency shelter x 200 sq.ft per person = minimum of 0.17 acres needed
Under State law, the City may apply certain written objective development and management standards for homeless shelters. Cotati’s Zoning Code includes the following standards for homeless shelters:
Occupancy. The maximum number of beds or persons permitted to be served nightly by an emergency shelter, or any combination of emergency shelters in the city, shall not exceed twenty persons.
Length of Stay. Occupancy for an individual in an emergency shelter is limited to no more than six months. The operator of the emergency shelter shall maintain adequate documentation to demonstrate compliance with this provision.
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Packet Pg. 196 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 21 Location. No emergency shelter shall be located within three hundred feet of another emergency or homeless shelter.
Management Plan. Prior to the director’s decision, the operator of the emergency shelter must submit to the community development department a written management plan. As a minimum, the management plan shall include and address the following:
o Procedures for staff training to meet the needs of the shelter residents, and have processes to address the following topics:
client intake, confidentiality, health and safety training, mental health, and substance abuse treatment and referrals;
o Operational rules and standards of conduct for residents, including policies prohibiting the use or possession of controlled substances by residents, rules concerning the use or possession of alcohol, curfew, prohibition of loitering, and any other provisions necessary to ensure compatibility with surrounding uses;
o Policies and procedures for eviction from the facility for violation of rules and standards of conduct;
o A detailed safety and security plan to protect shelter residents and surrounding uses;
o A process for resident screening and identification;
o Provisions for on-site or partnerships with off-site organizations to provide job training, counseling, and treatment programs for the residents;
o Services to assist residents with obtaining permanent shelter and income;
o If applicable, timing and placement of outdoor activities; o Location within the facility for temporary storage of residents’ personal belongings;
o Provisions for continuous on-site supervision during hours of operation. Specifically, there shall be a minimum of one staff person per eight clients during daytime hours, seven a.m. to nine p.m., and a minimum of two staff people at the facility during nighttime hours, nine p.m. to seven a.m.;
o If applicable, procedures for ensuring safety and security of women and children within the facility;
o The exterior of the building must be kept in a good state of repair and the exterior finish and landscaping must be kept clean and well maintained. Each site shall be kept in a neat and orderly manner, free of weeds, loose trash, debris and other litter, including but not limited to shopping carts;
o Organized outdoor activities on the site may only be conducted between the hours of eight a.m. and nine p.m.;
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Packet Pg. 197 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 22 o Employees, partners, directors, officers, managers and similar persons shall be screened prior to occupancy to confirm that they have no history of a previously failed emergency shelter (or similar facility) due to the fault of the operator, and have not been convicted of any of the following offenses within the prior five years:
A crime requiring registration under Penal Code Section 290; A violation of Penal Code Sections 311.2 or 311.4 through 311.7;
A violation of Penal Code Sections 313.1 through 313.5; A violation of Penal Code Section 647(a), (b), or (d); A violation of Penal Code Section 315, 316, or 318;
A felony crime involving the use of force or violence on another; or
The maintenance of a nuisance in connection with the same or similar business operation.
o The management of the emergency shelter shall effectuate a background investigation on all employees to the satisfaction of the chief of police.
Common Facilities and Services. An emergency shelter may include the following facilities and services as ancillary to the emergency shelter use:
o Commercial kitchen facilities;
o Dining area;
o Laundry room;
o Recreation or meeting room;
o Outdoor recreational spaces; provided, that the space is located within a building interior courtyard or is enclosed by a building, solid fence, or wall or some combination thereof to secure the space and ensure that it is not accessible to the general public; o Animal boarding for current residents of the facility only; and o Child care facilities for current residents of the facility only. Client Intake Areas. An enclosed intake area shall be provided within the emergency shelter building. The intake area shall be a minimum of one hundred square feet in size, located entirely within the building. The intake hours shall be posted clearly on the doors to the emergency shelter. Clients shall be allowed to wait in an interior or exterior waiting area that shall not exceed one hundred fifty square feet. Clients shall not loiter nor form a queue outside of the exterior waiting area. Parking. Each emergency shelter shall have a minimum of two off-street parking spaces plus the greater of either: (a) one additional off-street
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Packet Pg. 198 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 23 parking space for each ten beds, or fraction thereof, or (b) one additional parking space per employee.
Lighting. Exterior lighting shall be located along all pedestrian pathways, parking lots, entrances and exits, common outdoor areas, and at the front of the building. All lighting shall be maintained in good operating condition and shall be fully shielded.
On-Site Security. Security measures shall be reviewed and approved by the chief of police prior to commencement of operations on the site and shall be sufficient to protect clients and neighbors. On-site security shall be provided during the hours when the emergency shelter is in operation and at all times when clients are present on site. In the event that five or more calls for police services have been received over a thirty-day period by the police department, the facility shall be required to provide additional on-site security staff to the satisfaction of the chief of police and the community development director.
City, County and State Requirements. An emergency shelter shall obtain and maintain in good standing all required licenses, permits, and approvals from the city, county, and state agencies or departments and demonstrate compliance with applicable building and fire codes. An emergency shelter shall comply with all county and state health and safety requirements for food, medical, and other supportive services provided on site.
These development standards are consistent with State requirements, including those set by SB 2 and encourage and facilitate the development of emergency shelters. The management standards for emergency shelters may be in excess of those allowed by State law, and parking standards for emergency shelters have not been updated for compliance with AB 139, and. Cotati’s Zoning Code does not currently provide allowances for low barrier navigation centers. Under Program 3-1 (Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types), the City will allow Low Barrier Navigation Centers to be a by-right use in zones where multifamily and mixed-uses are permitted, including the nonresidential zones where multifamily is permitted, and amend parking requirements and management standards for emergency shelters pursuant to State law, including AB 139. Additionally, Program 2-5 (Continuum of Care and Crisis Response) is included in Section 2 to address and expand resources available in Cotati.
Transitional and Supportive Housing
Transitional and supportive housing projects are allowed in all districts where residential uses are allowed. Transitional and supportive housing are considered residential uses and are only subject to standards that apply to other residential dwellings of the same type in the same zone, in compliance with state law.
Program 3-1 (Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types) will ensure that the City is in compliance with state laws to allow permanent supportive housing by right in all zones where multifamily and mixed-uses are permitted.
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Packet Pg. 199 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 24 Single Room Occupancy (SRO) Housing
Single Room Occupancy facilities (SROs) is a type of housing that can serve extremely low-income households. It includes housing with shared facilities, such as living or dining areas, with private sleeping areas. Rent is much lower than those associated with typical apartment complexes. The City’s NU zone allows for rooming houses with a Use Permit. While SRO facilities are not specified in the zoning code, the City has allowed the by-right conversion of an existing motor lodge to long-term occupancy.
Program 3-1 (Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types) will ensure that the City is in compliance with the most recent state laws for allowable residential land uses.
Manufactured Homes
Manufactured homes on permanent foundations are allowed on lots zoned for singlefamily dwellings, except for those abutting a designated historical landmark site (CMC Chapter 15.24). Manufactured homes are allowed in RR, R1, and R2 zones in the same manner as a stick-built single-family home and must be certified under the National Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974. Program 3-1 (Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types) will bring the City into compliance with the requirements of Government Code § 65852.3 to permit manufactured homes in the same manner, in the same zones, and only subject to the same requirements as other single-family residential uses.
Mobile Home Parks
Mobile home parks (MHP) are described as “any area or tract of land where one or more spaces are rented or leased or held out for rent or lease to accommodate mobile homes, manufactured homes or travel trailers used for human habitation for 30 days or longer.” Mobile homes account for 4.1% (119 units) of the City’s housing stock. The Mobile Home Park (MHP) zoning district is a type of Special Purpose and Overlay Zones district in which mobile homes are the only allowable land use type.
Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)
An ADU is a self-contained home that is smaller than the main house and legally part of the same property. Residential properties are eligible to construct an Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) which can be an interior or garage conversion, detached standalone ADUs, ADUs attached to the primary residence, and ADUs constructed above garages type. Additionally, every single-family residential property is also eligible to construct a Junior ADU (JADU), with the exception of NM and NU zones; Program 3- 1 is included to amend the Zoning Code to allow JADUs in these zones. The maximum size of JADUs is 500 square feet.
To support the development of ADUs, the City has formed partnerships with the following community-based non-profit organizations:
Napa Sonoma ADU Center provides resources to homeowners considering construction of an ADU or JADU.
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Packet Pg. 200 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 25 Homes for Sonoma, a nonprofit developer, was founded to create affordable housing options in a safe environment and support a sustainable community.
The organization aims to address the housing crisis in Sonoma County and across the state with scalable solutions, especially by promoting ADUs.
The City issued an average of 3 annual permits for ADUs between 2018 and 2021.
4.3 LOCAL HOUSING PROGRAMS & RESOURCES
4.3.1 Resources: Housing Assistance Programs
The following programs include Federal-, State-, and locally run programs providing funding for construction, rehabilitation, or rental assistance for very low-, low-, and moderate-income households. This section describes programs utilized by the City and those that may be locally available and potentially applicable within the jurisdiction.
Federal Assistance Programs
The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program funds a wide variety of local housing and community development projects that improve the quality of living for lower-income residents whose incomes are less than 80% of the Area Median Incomes as established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Sonoma County receives approximately $1.8 million annually in CDBG funds. The program is administered by the Community Development Commission, and the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors makes the final decision regarding how the funds are distributed locally. The City of Cotati is a part of the urban county group of non-entitlement jurisdictions with funds administered by the Sonoma County Community Development Commission. The Cities & Towns Advisory Committee administers CDBG funding to participating cities. The City can apply directly to the Sonoma County Community Development Commission to obtain CDBG funds for designated projects; however, the City is not guaranteed any minimum allocation.
CDBG funds can be used for activities that meet one of the following National Objectives:
Benefits low- and moderate- income persons;
Aids in the prevention or elimination of blight; and
Meets a need from having a particular urgency (e.g. disasters) Examples of such activities include the following:
Housing rehabilitation
Community and Senior Centers
Acquisition of real property for affordable housing
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Packet Pg. 201 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 26 Infrastructure improvements
Public services
Accessibility modifications
Permanent supportive housing for people experiencing homelessness Homeless Shelters
Home Investment Partnerships (HOME) grants are provided by HUD to fund a wide variety of projects that implement local housing strategies and create affordable housing for low-income households including building, buying, rehabilitating affordable housing, or providing direct rental assistance (Source: HUD). The County receives approximately $650,000 in HOME funds annually. The City or nonprofit developers can apply to Sonoma CDC to obtain HOME funds, which are used on a competitive basis. The City can work with affordable housing developers to support applications for these funds that can be used for all aspects of affordable housing development (Source: SCHA).
Housing Choice Voucher Section 8 (HCV Program) is a major federal program for assisting very low-income families, the elderly, and the disabled to afford decent, safe, and sanitary housing in the private market.
To become a participant of the HCV Program, individuals and families must sign up on the Waiting List with the Sonoma County Housing Authority This is a list of people who are waiting to receive rental assistance. Names can only be added to the Waiting List when the list is open, which is approximately every three to five years. While the list is open, 750 applications are randomly selected and assigned a place in line. Once a name reaches the top of the Waiting List, the applicant is interviewed to determine whether they are eligible for the program. Most recently, the Sonoma County HCV Program Waiting List was opened to receive applications from October 1, 2021 – November 1, 2021.
If selected, participants may choose any housing that meets the Housing Quality Standards of the program. The Sonoma County Housing Authority (SCHA) pays a housing subsidy directly to the landlord, and the participant pays the difference between the actual rent charged and the amount subsidized by the program. The tenant's share of rent and utilities is generally between 30 to 40% of their monthly income (Source: SCHA).
Project-Based Voucher Program is administered by the Sonoma County Housing Authority (SCHA) and is administered like the HCV program, except the voucher is tied to an individual unit, rather than “owned” by the person. Project-based vouchers are an important tool to ensure long-term financial stability of projects serving lowerincome persons, especially extremely low-income households. In recent years, SCHA has awarded new project-based vouchers, with priority given to projects with setaside units for people experiencing homelessness.
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Packet Pg. 202 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 27 The Emergency Shelter Grant (ESG) Program administered by Sonoma County CDC which provides HUD funds to rehabilitate and operate emergency shelters and transitional shelters, provide essential social services, provide permanent housing solutions, and prevent homelessness (Source: SCHA).
The Federal Home Loan Bank System facilitates Affordable Housing Programs (AHP) which subsidize the interest rates for affordable housing. The San Francisco Home Loan Bank District provides local services within California. AHP grants are awarded annually through a competitive application process to Bank members working in partnership with housing developers and community organizations.
Basic eligibility requirements include having at least 20% of units in rental housing reserved for very low-income households and any owner-occupied housing must serve lower income households (Source: Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco).
HUD Section 811/202 Programs provide critical affordable housing to elderly and persons who experience disabilities. The Section 202 program funds development and operation of affordable housing for very low-income elderly households. The Section 811 program provides non-profits with funding to develop and operate supportive housing for disabled very- and extremely-low-income persons (Source:
HUD).
Low-Income Housing Preservation and Residential Home Ownership Act (LIHPRHA) requires that all eligible HUD Section 236 and Section 211(d) projects which are “at-risk” of conversion to market-rate rental housing through the mortgage prepayment option be subject to LIHPRHA incentives. The incentives include HUD subsidies which guarantee owners an eight percent annual return on equity. Owners must file a Plan of Action to obtain incentives or offer the project for sale to a) nonprofit organizations, b) tenants, or c) public bodies.
Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC) provide State and Local LIHTCallocating agencies the equivalent of approximately $8 billion in annual budget authority to issue tax credits based on population for the acquisition, rehabilitation, or new construction of rental housing targeted to lower-income households.
National Housing Trust Fund (NHTF) is a federal program administered in California by HCD whereby funds can be used to increase and preserve the supply of affordable housing, with an emphasis on permanent housing for extremely lowincome households. Previously, NHTF funding was allocated through the Housing for a Healthy California Program. Beginning in Fiscal Year 2022, the NHTF will be aligned with federal regulations. HCD is currently in the process of developing guidelines for the 2022 allocation of NHTF funds.
Off-Farm Labor Housing Direct Loans & Grants is a federal program administered by the US Department of Agriculture Rural Development. This program provides affordable financing to develop housing for year-round and migrant or seasonal domestic farm laborers. Housing construction may be in urban or rural areas, if there is a demonstrated need for farmworkers nearby. The rental housing is
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Packet Pg. 203 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 28 for very low- to moderate-income ($5,500 above low-income limit) farmworkers and their families (Source: USDA RD).
State Assistance Programs
Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program (AHSC) is administered by the Strategic Growth Council and implemented by the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). The AHSC Program funds land-use, housing, transportation, and land preservation projects to support infill and compact development that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The AHSC provides grants and/or loans that benefit disadvantaged communities through increasing accessibility of affordable housing, employment centers, and key destinations via low-carbon transportation. Eligible applicants for the AHSC program include localities, public housing authorities, and redevelopment successor agencies among others.
CalHome Program is administered by HCD and provides grants to local public agencies and nonprofit developers to assist individual first-time homebuyers through deferred-payment loans for down payment assistance and home rehabilitation, including manufactured homes not on permanent foundations, acquisition and rehabilitation, homebuyer counseling, self-help mortgage assistance, or technical assistance for self-help homeownership. The CalHome Program also provides financial assistance for development of multiple-unit ownership projects (Source: HCD).
California Emergency Solutions and Housing (CESH) Program is administered by HCD and provides grants to fund a variety of activities to assist persons experiencing or at risk of homelessness. Local governments, non-profit organizations, or designated unified funding agencies can apply for funding to use for housing relocation and stabilization services, operating subsidies for permanent housing, flexible housing subsidy funds, operating support for emergency housing interventions, and systems support for homelessness services and housing delivery systems.
California Housing Accelerator Program is a new HCD program and intends to reduce the backlog of shovel-ready housing projects that have been stuck in financial limbo. Projects which have been funded under other HCD programs and have not been able to access low-income housing tax credits are eligible for the program.
Applications for funding assistance must go through a selective process, giving priority to Tier I “Multifamily Project Tracker” projects, and once selected is provided a forgivable loan. The program is funded by the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund established by the federal American Rescue Plan of 2021.
California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA) operates several programs to help reduce the cost of housing. These programs, funded through the sale of taxable and tax-exempt bonds, provide permanent financing of affordable housing developments, financing for homebuyers, hardship assistance, resources to increase homeownership for Black residents, and grants for the pre-development costs associated with the construction of Accessory Dwelling Units.
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Packet Pg. 204 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 29 Community Placement Plan (CPP) and Community Resource Development Plan (CRDP) Funds. In collaboration with the regional center, the California Department of Developmental Services uses CPP and CRDP funds to develop safe, affordable, and sustainable homes as a residential option for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Golden State Acquisition Fund (GSAF) provides funding seeded by HCD’s Affordable Housing Innovation Fund to preserve and expand quality affordable and senior housing. Combined with matching funds, GSAF makes up to five-year loans to developers for the acquisition or preservation of affordable housing. Terms for funding include development parameters that require projects to designate units to lower income households. Nonprofit and for-profit developers, cities, counties, and other public agencies within California are all eligible for GSAF financing.
Homekey is administered by HCD and provides grants to local entities to acquire and rehabilitate a variety of housing types to sustain and expand housing for people experiencing homelessness or are at risk of experiencing homelessness and provides additional funding for wrap-around supportive services.
Infill Infrastructure Grant Program (IIG) promotes infill development by providing financial assistance for infrastructure improvements necessary for specific residential or mixed-use infill development projects or areas. Criteria for funding include affordability, density, and access to transit. Eligible applicants for the IGG Program include nonprofit and for-profit developers of qualifying infill projects and localities with jurisdiction over qualifying infill areas among others.
Joe Serna, Jr. Farmworker Housing Grant (FWHG) Program is administered by HCD and finances the new construction, rehabilitation, and acquisition of owneroccupied and rental units for agricultural workers, with a priority for lower income households. Eligible applicants include local government agencies, nonprofit corporations, and cooperative housing corporations among others.
Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) Grants is administered by HCD and provides over-the-counter grants complemented with technical assistance to local governments for the preparation and adoption of planning documents, and process improvements that accelerate housing production and facilitate compliance to implement the sixth-cycle Regional Housing Needs Assessment.
Local Housing Trust Fund (LHTF) Program is funded through HCD and provides matching funds to local and regional housing trust funds dedicated to the creation, rehabilitation, or preservation of affordable housing, transitional housing, and emergency shelters. Funds are also used to provide down payment assistance for first-time homebuyers and is restricted for units with at least 55 years of affordability for households earning less than sixty percent AMI.
Mobile Home Park Rehabilitation and Resident Ownership Program (MPRROP) is administered by HCD and is used to finance the preservation of affordable mobile home parks by conversion to ownership or control by resident
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Packet Pg. 205 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 30 organizations, nonprofit housing sponsors, or local public entities. Eligible applicants include mobile home park resident organizations, nonprofit entities, and local public agencies. Low-income residents of converted parks can apply for individual loans to the entity that has purchased the park.
Multifamily Housing Program (MHP) is administered by HCD and assists the new construction, rehabilitation, and preservation of permanent and transitional rental housing for lower income households. Eligible applicants must have successfully developed at least one affordable housing project.
Predevelopment Loan Program (PDLP) provides predevelopment capital to finance the predevelopment costs of projects to construct, rehabilitate, convert, or preserve assisted housing projects with priority given to developments which are rural, located in the public transit corridors, or which preserve and acquire existing government-assisted rental housing as risk of conversion to market rates. Eligible applicants include local government agencies among others.
Section 811 Project Rental Assistance offers long-term project-based rental assistance funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) through a collaborative partnership among the California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA), Department of Health Care Services (DHCS), Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), Department of Developmental Services (DDS) and California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC).
Supportive Housing Multifamily Housing Program (SHMHP) provides lowinterest loans to developers of permanent affordable rental housing that contain supportive housing units. SHMHP funds may be used for new construction or rehabilitation of a multifamily rental housing development, or conversion of a nonresidential structure to a multifamily rental housing development.
Veterans Housing and Homelessness Prevention (VHHP) Program is implemented by HCD and funds the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, and preservation of affordable multifamily housing for veterans and their families to allow veterans to access and maintain housing stability. Eligible applicants include affordable housing developers who are partnered with appropriate service providers.
Local Assistance Programs
Housing Land Trust of Sonoma County (HLT) is a private, non-profit corporation founded in February 2002, with a goal of making housing affordable and to provide home ownership and opportunities to low- and moderate-income families in Sonoma County. HLT uses the Community Land Trust model (CLT), a model in which the organization owns real estate in certain areas within the City and provides access to land and housing for the local community who have been forced out of the housing market. Through this model, low and moderate-income families can purchase homes on affordable terms and lease the land beneath the home for 99 years. Homeowners can sell their homes if they decide to move and get a fair return for their investment and at the same time benefit potential homebuyers by keeping the price affordable.
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Packet Pg. 206 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 31 The City of Cotati in partnership with Housing Land Trust of Sonoma County and Renew Now Homes have currently listed the Jamie Lane and Kessing Ranch available for purchase by qualifying applicants.
Fair Housing of Sonoma County (FHOSC) is a non-profit agency that is a designated provider of fair housing and supplies land-tenant information and referral service to all residents of Sonoma County.
Legal Aid of Sonoma County's Homeless Advocacy Project (HOME) is a program that assists low-income tenants of Sonoma County with eviction defense, Section 8 issues, mobile home park issues, and habitability problems.
The County Fund for Housing (CFH) provides financial assistance to develop, preserve and accelerate the development pace of affordable housing in Sonoma County. The CFH resources are used to provide loans and grants to qualified developers, public entities, groups, and individuals to undertake activities which create, maintain, or expand the County’s affordable housing stock. CFH receives funds from multiple local sources, including, but not limited to County of Sonoma General Fund; County of Sonoma Reinvestment and Revitalization Funds; Developer In-Lieu Fees; Transient Occupancy Tax; and CFH loan processing fees, interest, and loan repayments.
4.3.2 Resources: Shelters, Transitional and Supportive Housing The City will continue to seek sources of funding, including Emergency Housing Assistance Program through the County, to support transitional housing, and supportive housing by interested developers/operators to provide housing for homeless persons and households at‐risk of homelessness.
The Sonoma County Community Development Commission (CDC) receives and administers federal block grant funds through the Consolidated Plan process that are used in the unincorporated County and participating cities to address the needs of lower income households, including the special needs and homeless populations.
Cotati is a participant in the Urban County Consolidated Plan process and block grant programs. The CDC funds a variety of programs and shelters County-wide to address homelessness that provide short-term emergency housing assistance as well as longterm programs to transition from homelessness. These programs include Shelter Plus Care, Committee on the Shelterless, Community Support Network, and the Catholic Charities Homeless Services Center.
There are emergency shelters serving as general homeless shelters or transitional housing opportunities that are available to Cotati’s homeless population. There are no homeless listings within the City limits but there are homeless shelters in Santa Rosa and Petaluma that provide help to Cotati’s homeless population.
In 2015, the City partnered with Catholic Charities to provide space and facilities for a pilot Safe Parking program. Additionally, the City operates a mental health crisis
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Packet Pg. 207 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 32 responses team Specialized Assistance for Everyone (SAFE) in conjunction with the City of Rohnert Park.
The City continues to investigate other possible opportunities to partner and expand services. There are several state licensed neighborhood facilities in the City.
In 2019, the County CDC purchased a three-unit property within Cotati (8190, 8192, and 8194 Arthur Street) to provide supported transitional housing to residents.
A Step Up – Cotati is a live-in program providing an 11-bed home where residents can live for up to 3-12 months in a safe and supportive environment. The place allows them to improve their emotional and physical health, while learning positive coping skills on the path to recovery and independence.
4.3.3 At-Risk Assisted Housing Developments
Pursuant to Government Code § 65583, at-risk assisted housing developments refer to any existing multi-family, rental housing complexes which receive funding under public programs and are at risk of being converted from low-income housing to market rate housing within ten (10) years of the housing element planning period.
The conversions can occur due to termination and opting out of programs such as rental subsidies, mortgage repayment, expiration of restricted uses or direct loans.
The City of Cotati contains a total of 147 low-income units, none of which are at risk of being converted to market rate units within the planning cycle (ABAG, 2021).
Affordability restricts were renewed in December 2022. Affordability restrictions were renewed in December 2022 for 28 units of affordable housing that were recently atrisk.
4.3.4 Planning and Zoning Incentives
AB 2345 provides developers with density bonuses or other incentives in exchange for the provision of affordable housing units included within the development which meets certain requirements. As of January 2021, up to a 50% density bonus can be approved for housing projects consisting of a combination of affordable and Abovemoderate homes. The legislation also reduces specific thresholds for obtaining approvals and allowances from local jurisdictions, requires density bonus reporting, and reduces parking obligations for many projects qualifying for a density bonus. To qualify for the density bonus developments must include (a) at least eleven percent (15%) of the total units are for very low-income households, (b) at least twenty percent (24%) of the total units are for low-income households, or (c) at least forty percent (44%) of the total for-sale units are for moderate-income households. The density bonus applies to housing development of five or more dwelling units.
The City of Cotati requires developers to construct housing in which at least 15% of the total number of proposed units are for lower income households. The affordable units must be built on-site in developments with 10 or more units; smaller
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Packet Pg. 208 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 33 developments can meet the affordable housing obligation by paying an in-lieu fee.
The density bonus is available to help to offset these costs when the units are provided on-site.
Density Bonuses
The City’s current density bonus provisions are as follows:
General Density Bonus: The City grants at least a 20% increase in the number of dwelling units, up to a maximum of 35%.
Bonus for Condominium or Planned Development Project: The City grants at least a 5% increase in the number of dwelling units, up to a maximum of 35%. Density Bonus for Land Donation: An applicant is granted at least a 15% density bonus for the entire development when donating land to the City, up to a maximum of 35%.
Senior Housing Density Bonus: The City shall grant a density bonus that is 20% of the number of senior housing units.
Program 3-1 (Zoning for A Variety of Housing Types) will bring the City into compliance with changes to the State’s Density Bonus Law.
Affordable Housing
The City of Cotati prioritizes access to healthy, safe, and affordable housing for all its residents. As part of this effort, the City formed a strategic partnership with several experienced housing service providers including the Housing Land Trust of Sonoma County (HLT) and the Sonoma County Community Development Commission (CDC) to develop and administer a variety of affordable housing programs.
The City’s Inclusionary Housing Policy requires all residential projects of 10 units or more to allocate 15% of the homes to families and individuals that are under either “Very-Low,” “Low” or "Moderate" Income level.
Local Processing and Permit Fees
Applicants need to obtain the building permit form either online or physical form and fill it out. Completed permit form is sent to the Community Development Department office by email or mail and then after the permit is received, it will be evaluated by the department and an applicant is provided the permit number and the amount due.
After paying the due amount, the applicant will receive the approved permit and scheduled inspections will be conducted.
SFD on
existing lot
SFD
w/subdivision Multifamily
600k SFRs
Subdivision 20 units
MF 50 units 350k
valuation
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Packet Pg. 209 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 34 Entitlements
Administrative
Design Review Subdivision map Design review,
Final map
CEQA
(assumes
IS/MND)
CEQA (assumes
IS/MND)
Design review
Building permit Building permit Building
permit
Typical
processing
time
30-days 8-12 months 3-8 months
$1,993 $8,767 $7,333
Est. Fees per
project $16,070 6000
Entitlements $7,333 $2,184
6000
$2,184
subtotal per
unit $1,993 $2,018 $310
Impact Fees $59,599 $59,599 $50,552
Building
Permit
1%-2% of
construction
valuation
1%-2% of
construction
valuation
1%-2% of
construction
valuation
Total $61,592 $61,616 $50,863
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Packet Pg. 210 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 35 Source: Master Fee Schedule 2021, City of Cotati
4.4 HOUSING CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS
This section of the Housing Element examines the constraints that could hinder the City’s achievement of its housing objectives and the resources that are available to assist in the production, maintenance, and improvement of the City’s housing stock.
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Packet Pg. 211 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 36 4.4.1 Non-Governmental Constraints
In compliance with Government Code § 65583(a)(6), the following section analyzes potential non-governmental constraints:
Vacant Land
There is remaining vacant land within available the City, including land in areas zoned for lower densities, higher densities, and mixed-use development, and a range of lot sizes. The availability of vacant land allows for the development of additional housing in the City without the need for redevelopment and does not pose a constraint.
Land Costs
The financial infeasibility, economic fluctuations, succession of post-2017 emergency situations, and lack of appropriately zoned land have contributed to the slow pace of house production in Sonoma County over the past few years. In addition, the COVID19 pandemic has put additional pressure on the local market and worsened the housing shortage. The market is still impacted by the 2017 Tubbs Fire and subsequent wildfires including the 2019 Kincaid Fire. The number of lots for sale has increased from 5088 in 2018 to 6563 in 2021. The land cost as a share of the property value at 35% in Sonoma County is lower relative to other California counties.
Land recently listed for sale in Cotati consists of lots smaller than an acre with access to utilities. The average price of vacant land in Cotati was $976,318 per acre as of August 2022, according to LoopNet. The lot with the highest cost per acre is located near the SMART station and has existing approved plans for multifamily development and the lot with the lowest cost per acre is located on the outskirts of town, primarily near other vacant lots and commercial uses. While land costs are high, they do not pose a significant constraint to the development of housing in Cotati.
Construction Costs
According to local stakeholders in the development community, hard costs for residential construction typically start around $400 per square foot. Construction costs vary based on the type of development. Construction costs for stacked flats start as low as $250 per square foot. Disruptions in supply chains have exacerbated construction costs and further constrained housing development. Stakeholders also expressed that the unpredictability of construction costs was a constraint to the development of housing, especially for projects relying on tax credits or similar affordable housing funding sources. The cost of construction affects the affordability of new housing and is a significant nongovernmental constraint to housing in Cotati.
Financing
Financing is one of the most crucial factors considered in the provision of adequate housing for all sectors of the population. The availability of finance is influenced by factors beyond the local government's control, such as bank and investor capital
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Packet Pg. 212 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 37 levels, borrowers' creditworthiness, and investors' willingness to provide capital for real estate.
Lenders typically prefer a 20-percent down payment on a mortgage loan. Prospective buyers, who might be able to support an 80-percent loan, often do not have the financial resources to make the required down payment. Lenders will sometimes loan up to 90 percent of the asking price, but an applicant's credit is much more closely scrutinized, and monthly payments and monthly income requirements are significantly higher. Consequently, financing can pose a major obstacle for first-time or moderate-income homebuyers, even for those who might otherwise qualify for a standard loan.
There are three government-insured types of home loans. They are USDA loans, VA loans, and FHA loans. USDA loans are provided based on the rural Development rural area requirements. USDA loans have nine different multifamily housing programs that provide rental assistance for lower-income tenants and are geared toward financing projects related to the development, rehabilitation, and preservation of affordable homes for low-income, elderly, disabled people, and domestic farm laborers. FHA loans are provided by the Federal Housing Administration. This program is managed by the federal government’s Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). For Californians, there is the CalHFA and CalPlus under the FHA loan program.
Mortgage interest rate has fluctuated below 5% since 2010. The highest average rate recorded was 4.69% in 2010 and the lowest rate was 2.96 in 2021. The data shows a trend in average mortgage interest rates, in which every two years it adjusts to either surpass or fall below 4%, as shown in Table 17.
Table 17: Average Mortgage Interest Rates 2000 – 2022
Source: Freddie Mac, 30-year fixed mortgage rates and points. Retrieved from https://www.freddiemac.com/pmms/pmms30
Development Trends
The La Plaza View Mixed-Use development is an entitled mixed-use project in downtown Cotati. It is located on the vacant parcels along East Cotati Avenue between Charles Street and La Plaza. The proposed project has two three-story
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Packet Pg. 213 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 38 buildings and includes 27-29 residential units. A separate density bonus project under ministerial consideration utilizing Senate Bill 35 (SB 35) streamlining provisions, has also been proposed on this site.
Cotati Village is part of the larger Cotati commons project, previously known as South Sonoma Business Park. This proposed project was originally envisioned in 2002 to develop 35-acres of land with 15-acres allotted to retail, offices, and corporate facilities. After conducting an environmental impact study, the City proposed an alternative project and adopted “The Orchard Plan Alternative” in May 2001, which includes 13.36-acres of mixed and retail use, and 50 residential units. Subsequently, in 2021, a horizontal mixed-use project proposing 7,000 square feet of commercial space and approximately 170 multi-family apartment projects was submitted and is under review by City staff.
The Kessing Ranch Subdivision is a new single-family development located at the corner of Old Redwood Highway and Valparaiso Avenue. The project has 7 units for sale affordable homes out of the 42 units available. Construction was completed in 2022 with all units being occupied.
Cotati Station is a 98-unit multifamily apartment project in the Santero Way Specific Plan area, adjacent to the SMART rail station in Cotati. This project benefited from a 100% density bonus granted by the Cotati City Council and is anticipated to break ground in late 2022.
While multifamily housing units comprised only 31% of Cotati’s housing units at the end of 2017, recently approved and constructed projects will increase this proportion significantly.
State law allows single-family homes to build at least one accessory dwelling unit (ADU) and one junior accessory dwelling unit. In compliance with the state law, Cotati Municipal code Chapter 17.42.170 articulate ADU and JADU procedures and development standards. Additionally, the City’s Cottage Housing Ordinance allows missing middle housing types on most residential lots in the City, and grants increased density for qualifying projects. These ordinances play a significant role in addressing the growing housing shortage and promotes individual homeowners to contribute to increasing the housing supply in the City over the coming years.
Community Opposition
Residents of Cotati have at times expressed concern about housing developments that would change the “community character” or appearance of their neighborhoods, especially in single-family areas. However, when these concerns have been addressed, they have generally resulted in a better project and have not stopped the development of housing projects in Cotati. Community members appear to be generally supportive of affordable housing, mixed-use development, senior housing, and transit-oriented development. Although this has not happened in recent memory, community opposition within the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review process can pose a constraint to development. The CEQA process does add time,
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Packet Pg. 214 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 39 uncertainty and cost to the approval and construction of housing development.
Programs xx and xx will remove discretionary review procedures where appropriate, reducing the opportunities for community opposition to serve as a constraint to housing development while affirmatively further fair housing choice.
4.4.2 Potential Governmental Constraints
Governmental constraints are policies, standards, requirements, or actions imposed by the various levels of government upon land and housing ownership and development. Although federal and state agencies play a role in the imposition of governmental constraints, these agencies are beyond the influence of local government and are therefore not addressed in this document.
General Plan and Zoning Code
Each jurisdiction in California must prepare a comprehensive, long-term General Plan to guide its future. The Land Use Element of the General Plan establishes the basic land uses and density of development within each jurisdiction. Under state law, the General Plan elements must be internally consistent, and each jurisdiction’s zoning must be consistent with its General Plan. Thus, the Land Use Element must provide suitable locations and densities to implement the policies of the Housing Element.
The City of Cotati’s General Plan was updated in 2015 to guide development for the next 20 years. The City’s land use regulations are codified in Chapter 17.22 of the Cotati Municipal Code and include allowable land uses and planning permit requirements for residential, commercial, mixed use, specific plan, and other district areas. The various district zones allow for a variety of housing including multi-family housing up to 100 units, residential care facilities, mobile/ manufactured homes, live/work units, emergency shelters, and ADUs, as shown in Table 18Table 18Table 18 and Table 19 below. Minimum and maximum densities are described within each zoning district.
Table 18: Allowable Land Uses for Low Density and Neighborhood District Zones
Housing Type RR RVL NL NM NU OSC
Minimum Density Permitted
(units per acre)
N.A. N.A. 4* 8* 12* Max. 1
caretaker
unit
Maximum Density
Permitted (units per acre)
1 2 6 10 15 Max. 1
caretaker
unit
Single-Family Dwelling P P P UP** UP** -
Accessory Dwelling Units P P P P P -
Junior Accessory Dwelling
Units
P P P - - -
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Packet Pg. 215 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 40 Multifamily housing, 2 units-- UPPP-
Multifamily housing, 3 or 4
units
--- UPP-
Multifamily housing, 5 to 9
units
--- UP UP-
Multifamily housing, 10 or
more units
---- UP-
Multifamily housing, up to
100 units with 25%
----P-
Residential care facility for
the elderly (RCFE)
UP UP UP UP UP-
Residential care, 11 or
more clients
UP UP UP UP UP-
Residential care, 6 or fewer
clients, in a single-family
dwelling
PPPPP-
Residential care, 7 to 10
clients
UP UP UP UP UP-
Residential component of a
mixed-use project
-- UP UP UP-
Residential accessory use
or structure
PPPPP-
Caretaker quarters----- UP
Cottage housing--SSS-
Mobile Home Park UP UP UP UP UP-
Mobile/Manufactured HomePPPPP-
Rooming or boarding house---- UP-
Organizational house1 ---- UP
-
Source: City of Cotati Municipal Code Chapter 17.22, 2022 RR = Rural Residential
RVL = Residential, Very Low Density
NL = Neighborhood - Low Density
NM = Neighborhood – Medium Density
NU = Neighborhood – Urban
OSC = Open Space, Conservation
OSR = Open Space, Recreation
P = Permitted Use, Zoning Clearance required
UP = Use Permit required
S = Permit requirement set by Specific Use Regulations
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Packet Pg. 216 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 41 - = Use not allowed
* = No residential subdivision, or residential development project with multiple units on a single parcel (including the residential component of a mixed use project) will be approved at less than the minimum density; except that in the CE, CG, and CD zoning districts, the review authority may reduce the minimum density for a mixed use project where it determines that the minimum density is not feasible due to constraints on the parcel, including topography, easements, and access. ** = Use permit approval shall require that the review authority first find that the location of a proposed single-family dwelling on a parcel that may be further subdivided will not preclude future subdivision and development in compliance with the General Plan.
1 “Organizational house” means a residential lodging facility operated by a membership organization for its members and not open to the general public. Includes fraternity and sorority houses, student dormitories, convents, monasteries, and religious residential retreats.
Table 19: Permit Requirements for Mixed Use Corridors, Downtown Specific Plan Districts, and Other Districts
Housing Type CE CG CD CI IG PF HC LP NG CA
Minimum Density
Permitted (units per
acre)
12* 12* 12* N.A. N.A. N.A.
Subject to Downtown
Specific Plan – See Table
21Table 21Table 21 Maximum Density
Permitted (units per
acre)
15 15 15 15 N.A. N.A.
Accessory Dwelling
Unit
P P P - - - P P P P
Residential care
facility for the
elderly (RCFE)
UP MUP - - - UP - UP UP UP
Residential care, 7
or more clients
UP - - - - UP - UP - -
Residential
component of a
mixed-use project
P P P - - - P P P P
Emergency/transitio
nal shelter**
- - S - - S S S S S
Live/work unit UP UP - UP UP - P P P P
Home occupation P P P - - - P P P P
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Packet Pg. 217 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 42 Source: City of Cotati Municipal Code Chapter 17.22, 2022 CE = East Cotati Avenue Corridor
CG = Gravenstein Highway Corridor
CD = Downtown Commercial
CI = Commercial/Industrial District
IG = General Industrial District
PF = Public Facility District
Downtown Specific Plan
HC = Historic Core
LP = La Plaza
NG = Northern Gateway
CA = Commerce Avenue
SUR = Specific Use Regulations P = Permitted
Use, Zoning Clearance required
MUP = Minor Use Permit required
UP = Use Permit required
S = Permit requirement set by Specific Use
Regulations
- = Use not allowed
* = No residential subdivision, or residential development project with multiple units on a single parcel (including the residential component of a mixed use project) will be approved at less than the minimum density; except that in the CE, CG, and CD zoning districts, the review authority may reduce the minimum density for a mixed use project where it determines that the minimum density is not feasible due to constraints on the parcel, including topography, easements, and access. ** = Emergency shelters are allowed by right; Specific Use Regulations relate to management standards and other use standards discussed in Section 4.2.3.
Density
According to the City’s General Plan, higher density is intended to concentrate in central locations and decreases as one goes further from the City core towards the urban growth boundary (UGB) and sphere of influence (SOI). This is reflected in Chapter 17.22 of the City’s Municipal Code as density limits typically range from four (4) units per acre in NL (Neighborhood – Low Density) zones to fifteen (15) units per acre in NU (Neighborhood Urban), CE (East Cotati Avenue Corridor), CG (Gravenstein Highway Corridor), CD (Downtown Commercial), and CI (Commercial/Industrial District) zones. There are no acreage-based residential density limits for certain mixed-use corridors, including the Downtown Specific Plan and other overlay districts, as shown above. Density limits for these zones are subject to the provisions of their respective plans and supporting CEQA analysis.
The Downtown Cotati Specific Plan describes five main district zones, four of which allow residential and mixed uses. The Specific Plan encourages high density residential development based on development standards such as maximum allowable dwelling units, maximum building height, and FARs. For example, HC (Historical Core) district allows a maximum of 71 dwellings, 35-ft. maximum height, and FAR of 2.15.
Cotati’s live/work unit provisions allow for the re-use of existing structures subsequent to an environmental assessment (CMC 17.42.090), essentially allowing adaptive reuse for workforce housing. Live/work units are allowed a maximum density of 15 units per acre and are not applicable to affordable housing requirements
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Packet Pg. 218 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 43 and incentives. This provision limits allowable units based on acreage rather than maximizing units based on the building envelope.
Development Standards
Zoning regulations establish certain development standards that implement the goals, policies and programs of the land use element as described in the City’s General Plan. Specific development standards include allowable lot coverage, minimum lot area, setback requirements, building height, and street-side building distances. Table 20Table 20Table 20 below illustrates development standards for residential and commercial zoning districts.
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Packet Pg. 219 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 44 Table 20: City of Cotati Development Standards
Zoning
District
Minimum
Lot Size
(Sq. Ft.)
Minimum
Lot Width
(Feet)
Maximum Building
Height (Feet)
Minimum Front Yard
Setback (Feet)
Minimum Side Yard Setback
(Feet)
Minimum Rear
Yard Setback
(Feet)
Maximum Lot
Coverage (Percent)
Primary Accessory Interior Street Side
R
E
S
I
D
E
N
T
I
A
L
RR
65,340 for
RR-1.5 zone
43,560 for
RR-1.0 zone
100
100
28 121 25 10 20 20
30% on a 0.5-acre
parcel; reduced by 10%
for each additional 0.5
acre to a minimum of
10%
RVL
28,750 for
RVL-0.66
zone
21,780 for
RVL-0.5 zone
100
100
28 12 25 10 20 20 Same as RR
NL 6000 60 28 12 20 7 ft. (one side)
5 ft. (the other side) 10 20 40%
NM 5000 50 28 12 20
5 ft.; 10 ft. for
multifamily
structures; none
required for
rowhouse units
10 20 50%
NU 3500 45
28 ft.; 35 ft.
with use
permit
12 15
10 ft. for 1-story
building walls; 15 ft.
for 2-story building
walls; none required
for rowhouse units
15 15 60%
OSC
Determined
via
subdivision
review
N.A 35
25 for parcels
≤1 acre
28 for parcels
>1 acre
30 20 30 30 5%
C
O
M
CE 6000 60
35 ft.; 45 ft. with use
permit; or 45 ft. in
compliance with
Section 17.30.040(D)2
10 ft. for street side3
10 ft. abutting a
residential zone,
none required
otherwise
Varies4
20 ft. abutting a
residential zone, 10
ft. required
otherwise
80%
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Packet Pg. 220 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked 45 M
E
R
C
I
A
L
CG 10,000 100
35 ft.; 50 ft. with use
permit; or 45 ft. in
compliance with
Section 17.30.040(D)
0 ft.; except that the
build-to-line along the
Gravenstein frontage
shall be 30 ft. from the
highway right-of-way
10 ft. abutting a
residential zone,
none required
otherwise
Varies4
20 ft. abutting a
residential zone;
10 ft. required
otherwise
80%
CD 2000 20
35 ft.; 50 ft. with use
permit; or 45 ft. in
compliance with
Section 17.30.040(D)
0 ft.; 15 ft. on Arthur,
Charles, Henry, and
William Streets, and
East Cotati Avenue, in
compliance with the La
Plaza Specific Plan
10 ft. abutting a
residential zone,
none required
otherwise
Varies4 10 ft. 100%
CI 10000 100 40 ft. 20
20 ft. abutting a
residential zone,
none required
otherwise
20 30 80%
IG 10000 100
20 ft. if located within 50
ft. of a residential zone,
40 ft. elsewhere
20 0 20 30 80%
Source: City of Cotati Municipal Code Title 17, 2022
1 Greater height allowed for accessory structures where authorized by minor use permit (17.42.160). 2 Mixed Use structures in CE, CG, and CD zones may exceed maximum height limit to three (3) and forty-five (45) feet if the upper stories are residentially exclusive with a minimum 50% reserved as affordable to lower and moderate-income households. 3 Build-to-Lines require that buildings have at least 80% of the street-facing façade abutting the build-to-line (required location of new structures). The Buildto-Line may be waived for projects with more than one building where the frontage is occupied with more than one building (17.30.020). 4 Street side of a corner parcel is measured from whichever of the following points results in the greatest setback from an existing or future roadway: 1) The nearest point on the side property line bounding the street; 2) edge of an easement for a private road; 3) inside edge of the sidewalk; or 4) boundary of a planned future right-of-way (17.30.020).
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Packet Pg. 221 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked 46 Residential development standards for the City’s Specific Plan areas are shown in Table 21Table 21Table 21 and Table 22Table 22Table 22. These areas are regulated by Form Based Codes, with no density limits. Realistic densities for these zones are based on land use controls and are listed in the following tables.
Table 21: Development Standards in Downtown Cotati Specific Plan Area Zone Setbacks Parking Height Realistic
Density
HC Front: 0’-5’
Side Street: 0’-5’
Sideyard: 0’ or 5’
Rear: 20’
Alley: 2’
1.5 spaces/unit
35’ 25-30
units/acre*
LP Front: 0’-8’
Side Street: 0’-12’
Sideyard: 0’ or 10’
Rear: 20’
Alley: 2’
2 spaces/ unit 35’ 20-30
units/acre*
NG Front: 0’-10’
Side Street: 0’-12’
Sideyard: 0’ or 10’
Rear: 10’
Alley: 2’
2 spaces/ unit 50’ 25-35
units/acre*
CA Front: 0’
Side Street: 0’
Sideyard: 0’
Rear: 15’
Alley: 2’
2 spaces/ unit 35’ 25-30
units/acre*
*Based on La Plaza View; See Table 11 of Housing Element Section 3.
Table 22: Development Standards for Santero Way Specific Plan Use Type Setbacks Height Max Lot
Coverage
Realistic
Density
SingleFamily Front: 8’-12’
Rear: 4’
Side: 9’-14’ from street ROW
5’ from lot line
10’ from Specific Plan property
line for the first floor and
increased by 5’ for each additional
story
35’
2.5 stories
50% 6-12
units/acre
Duplex Front: 8’-12’
Rear: 4’
Side: 9’-14’ from street ROW
5’ from adjacent lot line
35’
2.5 stories
60% 12-15
units/acre
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Packet Pg. 222 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 47 0 built-to line at continuous unit
lot line
10’ from Specific Plan property
line for the first floor and
increased by 5’ for each additional
story
Townhome Front: 8’-12’
Rear: 4’
Side: 9’-14’ from street ROW
5’ from adjacent lot line
0 built-to line at continuous unit
lot line
10’ from Specific Plan property
line for the first floor and
increased by 5’ for each additional
story
35’
2.5 stories
70% 18-20
units/acre*
Live/Work Front: ’-12’
Rear: 4’
Side: 9’-14’ from street ROW
5’ from adjacent lot line
0 built-to line at continuous unit
lot line
10’ from Specific Plan property
line for the first floor and
increased by 5’ for each additional
story
35’
2.5 stories
70% 20-25
units/acre*
* Based on existing projects
The City’s development standards are generally conducive to increased building density for residential development. Mixed use structures in commercial areas are allowed height increases if affordable units are provided and are allowed to build to the front and side yard setbacks to maximize buildable parcel space.
The Downtown Specific Plan contains urban development standards that are unique to the four districts including building placement, height, types and façades.
Development standards are similar to the City’s standards for CE, CG, and CD zones.
For example, 0’ front setbacks and 35 feet in height (50 feet for the NG district) are allowed.
While the City’s standards allow for increased building density for residential development, the City’s code includes design standards for streetscapes (trees, façade, setbacks) to allow for sunshine, airflow, and space that promotes public health and safety (Chap. 17.26). The City established unique and place-based setback standards such as the build-to-line requirements to maintain a cohesive streetscape. The setbacks for proposed buildings in the Specific Plan will effectively shape the public space of streets, enhancing the comfort and convenience of residents and pedestrians. The City’s development standards promote building mass
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Packet Pg. 223 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 48 that accommodates residential units and do not serve as a constraint to housing development.
Parking Requirements
Sufficient parking for vehicles is a necessity for most Sonoma County residents.
However, if parking requirements are excessive, they can reduce the feasibility of developing new housing at the densities necessary to provide affordable housing. The City’s Municipal Code establishes off-street residential parking standards, as summarized in Table 23Table 23Table 23.
Sites with multiple tenants have aggregated parking standards for each separate use.
Multi-tenant centers can share parking requirements with adjacent non-residential use centers. More residential parking can be provided, but projects are encouraged to not “overpark” by supplying more parking than is necessary.
Parking reductions of up to 15% are available provided that the applicant/ property owner provides sufficient evidence that justifies the request (17.36.080). Other allowable reductions include a waiver of covered parking for affordable units.
Additionally, residential portions of horizontal mixed-use development may provide parking equivalent to multifamily dwellings with no guest spaces. The same applies to vertical mixed use, but a 30% reduction in spaces is allowed in these cases.
The parking requirements are consistent with those of other suburban communities in the North Bay. The City’s parking reductions and shared parking allocations allow flexibility in modifying parking requirements, especially in mixed-use areas with high density. Overall, the City’s parking requirements do not pose a significant or unique constraint to housing production. A revision to the Municipal Code is included in Program 3-1 (Zoning for A Variety of Housing Types) to implement the Government Code §65915 required parking maximums for all multifamily projects without need for a special request. This will further reduce the potential for parking requirements to pose a constraint on new housing development.
Table 23: City of Cotati Parking Requirements
Type of
Residential Use Required Parking Additional Comments
Accessory
Dwelling Unit
(ADU)/ Junior
ADU
1 space per unit On-site parking not required per Section
17.42.170.
Condominium
dwelling units
2 covered spaces within a
garage or carport for each
unit
Guest parking 1 space per four (4) units
Live/work units 2 spaces per unit
Individual
mobilehomes 2 spaces for each unit at least 1 within a garage or carport
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Packet Pg. 224 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 49 Mobilehome
parks
2 spaces for each
mobilehome
plus 1 additional space for each 4
mobilehomes shall be provided for guest
parking throughout the park
Multifamily
Residential
(MFR): Studio
units and onebedroom units
2 spaces per unit at least 1 within a garage or carport MFR: Two- and
three-bedroom
units
2 spaces per unit at least 1 within a garage or carport MFR: Fourbedroom units
and above
2 spaces per unit
or less as required by the review authority.
At least 1 space shall be within a garage or
carport
MFR: Guest
parking
1 space for each four (4)
units
Organizational
house 1 space for each bedroom
Residential Care
Home (RCH): Six
or fewer clients
2 covered spaces within a
garage or carport.
RCH: Seven or
more clients 1 space for each 2 beds 1 space for each 4 beds for guests and employees Residential
development
with density
bonus
1 space per studio to 1-
bedroom
2 spaces per 2-3 bedrooms
2.5 spaces per 4+ bedrooms
Rooming or
boarding houses
1 covered or uncovered
space for each bedroom
Senior housing
projects
1 space for each two (2)
units, with half the spaces
covered
1 guest parking space for each 10 units.
Reduced parking may be provided
Single-family
dwellings
2 covered spaces within a
garage or carport
Source: City of Cotati Municipal Code Ch. 17.36, 2022
Growth Controls
Growth controls are typically established through urban growth boundaries (UGBs) which allow local governments to manage the urbanization of undeveloped land, and growth management ordinances (GMOs) which set a cap on the annual number of units produced. A phased approach to growth controls can effectively conserve open space while balancing housing needs. However, low allocations and excessive limitations can constrain development that prevents jurisdictions from producing their fair share of housing. Every incorporated jurisdiction in Sonoma County has
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Packet Pg. 225 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 50 enacted UGBs that are accompanied by countywide community separators for open space, but many GMOs have been invalidated by recent legislation.
Urban Growth Boundary (UGB)
The City adopted a UGB on November 1998 by a voter-approved measure further described in Policy LU 1.8 of the General Plan. A supermajority (69.5%) of residents voted in favor of Measure Q (2016) to extend the UGB for another 20 years.
The City’s General Plan established criteria to allow amendment of the UGB under a majority vote, as described below:
- No more than 10 acres of land shall be incorporated into the UGB to accommodate residential uses;
- Does not result in unconstitutional taking of private property; - Development of a public park, public school, public facility, public open space or other projects are necessary to promote public health, safety, and welfare; - Exempt projects with vested rights.
The City Council must make supportive findings that demonstrate the need for expanding the existing UGB.
Growth Management Ordinance (GMO)
Growth management provisions are codified in Chapter 17.52 of the City’s Municipal Code and describe allocation measures, procedures, and monitoring of unit allocations.
Under Cotati’s existing growth management program, a maximum of one hundred (100) units are allocated annually, at least twenty-five (25) of which must be exclusively available for low and very low-income households and ten (10) of which are reserved for detached single-family dwellings on individual parcels. Units which were not allocated may be carried into the subsequent years where adequate water and sewer infrastructure capacities are available. The 100-unit annual allocation limit has never been reached in Cotati.
A growth management allocation is required for all non-exempt residential development prior to building permit issuance. Remodels, additions to existing residences, and ADUs/JADUs are exempt from allocation requirements. Additionally, any dwelling units provided in compliance with a Specific Plan may be exempted at the discretion of the City Council (CMC 17.52.020).
Unused allocations may be rolled over for up to three years, for a total of 300 units.
With a maximum of 1110 allowable units in the 6th Cycle, the growth management controls do not appear to pose a constraint and prevent the City from fulfilling its RHNA of 234 units. However, the provisions of SB 330 (2019) likely restrict use of the City’s existing growth management program because it was not voter-approved prior to 2005. Program 2-2 (Streamlining Housing Development) is included in this
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Packet Pg. 226 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 51 Housing Element to bring the City into compliance with current statute. The City does not actively administer or monitor its growth management program; as such, it does not serve as a constraint to development.
Specific Plans
Specific Plans contain place-based development standards and a policy framework that implements the goals and policies of the City’s General Plan per Gov. Code § 65450-65457. Specific plans allow for expedited review of development projects that are consistent with adopted Specific Plans. However, Specific Plans could also pose a constraint to housing production if the standards are too strict or require additional reviews that lengthen the permit approval process.
The City’s Specific Plan provisions are codified in Chapter 17.28 of the Cotati Municipal Code. Special plans in Cotati are listed below:
Downtown Cotati Specific Plan: A 59.5-acre planned development with 450 maximum residential units, 418,000 sq. ft. of non-residential space, and designated open space at La Plaza Park. The plan contains five distinct districts: historic core (HC), La Plaza (LP), Northern Gateway (NG), Commerce Avenue (CA), and Parks (P). A variety of housing is encouraged including…courtyard housing (retail/commercial first floor and residential flats or townhouses above), duplex/ triplex/ quadplex, and rowhouses. The plan utilizes use standards (setbacks, parking requirements, maximum dwellings, max. non-residential sq. ft., max. bldg. height, FAR) that are unique to each district to regulate development intensity and spatial form of the urban fabric.
Maximum height limits average 35 feet, parking requirements range from 1.5- 2 spaces per residential unit, and lots require a 10-20-foot rear yard setback to an alleyway with 0-foot front yard setback to enhance pedestrian-scale environments. The NG District allows a maximum height of 50 feet with step back features on upper floors to minimize massing while emphasizing mixed core development. This includes first floor commercial and primary residential uses above. The plan was adopted on August 26, 2009.
Santero Way Specific Plan: A 22.45-acre area proposing 198 residential units, 230,000 sq. ft. of commercial space, and 9,000-20,000 sq. ft. of retail space. There are nine (9) property owners for the varying land use districts:
retail mixed-use, office mixed-use, public park and plaza, residential, and selfstorage overlay. The Specific Plan encourages a variety of housing types and describes each housing type’s development standards per land use district. For example, SFRs, duplexes, townhomes and live/work units are allowed a 0-feet contiguous lot-line side yard setback while meeting building codes to allow for increased density. The plan encourages courtyards that cluster residences among a shared open space concept that also allows for increased density. Cohousing is allowed under a conditional use permit. Additionally, 15% of units within each district must remain affordable per the City’s inclusionary housing ordinance. The plan was adopted and amended in August 2001.
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Packet Pg. 227 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 52 Cotati’s Specific Plans aim to provide a variety of housing types in mixed use districts while maintaining a pedestrian-scale environment. The plans encourage walkability while planning for automobile-oriented development such as the CA district in the Downtown Specific Plan. While the Specific Plan development standards allow for increased density, parking requirements have the potential to reduce achievable densities. Program 2-2 (Streamlining Housing Development) is proposed to address this potential constraint.
Streamlined & By-Right Development Applications
Pursuant to Government Code § 65913.4, the City of Cotati processes affordable housing projects through the Affordable Housing SB 35 Project Supplemental Application, which is submitted concurrently with the Master Plan Project Application.
This application process allows any proposed housing projects that provide on-site affordable units for households making less than 80% AMI to be eligible for permit streamlining, given that the project meets certain criteria. The streamline approval process allows ministerial review and omits CEQA analysis requirement along with CUPs or other discretionary entitlements. The criteria include:
Consultation with Native American tribes by submitting a notice of intent; Stated number and type of units of at least two residential units or more and minimum and maximum density ranges, including any applicable density bonus;
Affordability of units to be incorporated utilizing City’s Municipal Code provision of a) at least 10% total units for households making less than 80% AMI if more than 10 units proposed, or b) at least 20% total units for households making less than 120% AMI, and should be deed restricted to maintain affordability period;
Conforms with General Plan and zoning districts as an allowable use; Perimeter of the site is surrounded by at least 75% urban development including, but not limited to, residential, commercial, public institutional, transit corridor or transportation passenger facility, or retail use; Not located on farmland, wetlands, fire severity areas, hazard waste sites, delineated earthquake fault zones, FEMA-designated floodway or flood hazard area, conservation lands, protected species habitat areas, and demolition of historic structures or existing residential uses;
Not involving subdivisions unless under provisions of the Subdivision Map Act.
If the project complies with existing zoning and objective design standards, the property owner may volunteer to streamline their project through the SB 35 permit approval process upon provision of 50% affordable units. Program 2-2 (Streamlining Housing Development) establishes a clear process for developers wishing to utilize streamlining provisions in accordance with the City’s zoning.
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Packet Pg. 228 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 53 Housing for People with Disabilities
Persons with special needs, such as the elderly and those with disabilities, must have access to housing. Community care facilities provide a supportive housing environment to persons with special needs in a group environment. The City allows these facilities in the following zones:
Residential Care Home: Residence for up to six persons allowed within existing structures in all residential zones with no administrative review. New construction requires the same administrative permit as a single-family residence.
Residential Care: Residential facility for elderly/disabled persons with meals, housekeeping and activities for seven or more clients allowed in RR, RVL, NL, NM, NU, CE and PF with a CUP. Areas with appropriate access to amenities and services are the most suitable for residential community care facilities. Most of these areas are located within allowed zones. These facilities require a CUP as allowed by law to ensure land use compatibility and protect public health and safety. Residential care facilities are only subject to development standards for other residential developments of the same type in the same zone.
Under Program 3-1, the City will allow Residential Care Facilities for 7 or more clients with disabilities as a permitted use in residential zones, subject only to clear, transparent, objective standards. This program will facilitate approval certainty of this housing type.
Residential Care Facility for the Elderly: Convalescent homes for elderly, disabled, and ailing persons allowed in CG with an MUP; in CE, PF, RR, RVL, NL, NM and NU with a CUP.
In the Cotati Zoning Code, “Family” is defined as an individual, or two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption, or a group of unrelated persons who live together in a dwelling unit as an independent housekeeping unit, which may include use of common cooking facilities or shared household responsibilities.
This definition is broad and inclusive and does not pose any constraints to housing for people with disabilities.
Building Codes and Enforcement
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provisions include requirements for a minimum percentage of units in new multi-family developments to be fully accessible to the physically disabled and another percentage to be “adaptable” to being accessible to the physically disabled. Development of fully accessible and/or adaptable units may also increase the overall project costs. Enforcement of ADA requirements is not at the discretion of the City but is mandated under federal law. The provisions of the ADA applicable to residential uses would apply only to multi-family developments and any residential components of a live-work project in a Commercial Zone.
Compliance with building codes and the ADA may increase the cost of housing production. However, these regulations provide minimum standards that must be followed to ensure the development of safe and accessible housing. Therefore, the
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Packet Pg. 229 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 54 local enforcement of these codes does not significantly constrain the development of housing.
Cotati enforces the 2023 California Building Code, and CalGreen Tier 1 is the most applicable local amendment. The enforcement of the 2023 Building Code and CalGreen Tier 1 amendment have not been identified as having any impact on housing supply and affordability in Cotati. These standards are consistent across most North Bay communities and allow the future cost of home ownership/occupancy to be reduced through lower utility bills (electricity, gas and water), and resulting in a reduced long-term cost of living.
Reasonable Accommodation
Under the ADA, cities must reasonably modify policies when necessary to avoid discrimination because of disability, unless they can show that the modifications “would fundamentally alter the nature of the service, program or activity.” (28 Code of Federal Regulations 35.130(b)(7).) In general, the law states that local agencies retain their ability to regulate land uses and to apply neutral, non-discriminatory regulations, but are required to make accommodations to allow persons with disabilities an equal opportunity to use and enjoy housing in the community.
The City of Cotati adopted its reasonable accommodation ordinance in Section 17.68, Reasonable Accommodations for Persons with Disabilities, of the City of Cotati Municipal Code. The Federal Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act implement part of the City’s General Plan Housing Element and provides a procedure for individuals with disabilities to request reasonable accommodation. The Reasonable Accommodation Ordinance states that that an individual(s) with disabilities have an equal opportunity to use and enjoy housing by allowing accommodation(s) with respect to certain City regulations, policies, procedures, and standards. The ordinance is enforced, if said accommodation(s) are both reasonable and necessary to provide such equal opportunity without compromising the City commitment to protecting community character and environmental quality. The City does provide reasonable accommodation for various scenarios, including but not limited to allowances for a wheelchair ramp in a required setback; an increase in building height to permit an elevator installation; or providing an applicant with additional time to submit material, if deemed reasonable under the Acts.
Requests for reasonable accommodation are subject to an administrative permit and are approved within 30 days. There is no fee to request reasonable accommodation.
Upon review of an application, the Director of Community Development will grant the request based on the following findings:
That the requested accommodation is intended to be used by an individual with a disability who resides or will reside on the property; That the requested accommodation is necessary to afford an individual with a disability equal opportunity to use and enjoy a residential use;
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Packet Pg. 230 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 55 The requested accommodation will not impose an undue financial or administrative burden on the City; and
That the requested accommodation will not require a fundamental alteration in the nature of the land use and zoning.
The reasonable accommodations process is free, ministerial, and fast. It does not pose a constraint.
Development and Permitting Fees
Various permitting fees for housing development, as shown in Table 24Table 24Table 24, are charged by the agencies within the City of Cotati to cover the cost of processing, evaluating, and ensuring compliance. Per Government Code § 66020, the City is legally required to set permit and development fees in amounts that do not exceed and are equal to the cost of providing services associated with these fees.
These fees are established at the time of imposition or project approval. The City’s fee schedule notes that some permit application fees are charged on a fixed fee basis, and some charged as a deposit based on the over-all costs incurred during the permit process, which is further discussed in the Local Processing and Permit Procedures section below.
Permit fees will vary based on the project’s scope of work, location, and discretionary fees required to entitle the project. Planning and engineering fees may vary significantly per project and thus are charged on a full-cost recovery basis after an initial deposit while most building permit fees will remain relatively similar. Other discretionary fees such as in-lieu costs for affordable housing or parking, affordable rental housing linkage, traffic impact, and development impact. After-the-fact permitting fees are two times the building permit fee. Permit types that are not listed usually incur an hourly cost of staff time.
Table 25Table 25Table 25 compares selected permitting fees from Cotati with jurisdictions of similar populations within Sonoma County. While there is significant variation between different types of permits in different jurisdictions, the fees required by the City of Cotati are generally within the range of fees required by comparable jurisdictions and therefore are not likely to pose a unique or significant constraint to housing development. Fees increase annually based on the San Francisco Bay Area Construction Cost Index, or similar consumer price index to account for inflation and are typical across other jurisdictions.
Table 24: City of Cotati Permitting Fees
Item/Permit Type Fee
Administrative Permit $ 183 hourly
Annexation $ 7,684 initial deposit
Appeals $ 500
Conditional Use Permit
Design Review
Administrative $ 1,993
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Packet Pg. 231 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 56 Preliminary
Final
$ 6,000 initial deposit
$ 2,184 initial deposit
Development Agreement
Environmental Review
CEQA exemption
Initial Study/ Mitigated Negative Declaration /
Negative Declaration
Initial Study/ Environmental Impact Report
$ 183 hourly
$ 7,333 initial deposit to City staff + actual
consultant costs and fees
$ 7,333 initial deposit to City staff + actual
consultant costs and fees
General Plan Amendment $ 16,070 initial deposit
Hillside Development Permits $ 2,184 initial deposit
Limited Term Permits $ 1,000 initial deposit
Pre-Application Reviews
Single-family homes (owner occupied)
Formal conceptual plan review or preliminary
(with written comments)
Determined by staff – actual cost
$ 2,406
Subdivisions
Parcel Map
Tentative Subdivision Map
$ 8,737 initial deposit
$ 16,070 initial deposit
Time Extension $ 4,583 initial deposit
Tree Removal
Initial five (5) trees
≥ 6 trees
City Staff Review
$ 50 each
$ 92 each
$ 733
Use Permit
Minor Use
Modification to previously approved Use
Permit
Major Use Permit
$ 1,818
$ 3,284
$ 4,396
Variance
Minor
Major
$ 1,467
$ 3,667 initial deposit
Zoning Code/ Zoning Map/ PUD Amendment $ 11,000 initial deposit Plan Check of Building Plans/ Permits $ 183 hourly
Source: City of Cotati Master Fee Schedule, September 2022 Table 25: Permitting Fees in Cotati and Comparable Local Jurisdictions City Administrative
Permit
Conditional Use
Permit
Residential Design
Review
Development
Agreement
Cotati $350 (inspection of
modification of
service)
$1,818-$4,369 $183-$6,000 Actual Cost
Sebastopol $454 $1,500 – $3,000 $347 – $4,000 $15,000
Cloverdale $630 $3,070 $4,430 $5,910
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Packet Pg. 232 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 57 Rohnert
Park
$803 $ 2,731 $1,638 residential
remodel
$2,731 new
residence
Actual cost of time
& materials
charged against
an Initial Deposit
as determined by
staff
Source(s): Cotati Master Fee Schedule, 2022; City of Rohnert Park Development Services – Planning Schedule of Fees and Charges, 2022; Cloverdale Master Fee Schedule, 2022; Sebastopol Master Fee Schedule, 2020.
Local Processing and Permit Procedures
Clear regulatory frameworks and straight-forward procedures for obtaining planning and building permits provide developers with consistency and realistic expectations that can significantly decrease expenses incurred during development that may otherwise delay project construction. Projects that must go through unclear and multi-layered permitting authorities can incur increasing project development costs, which ultimately is reflected in the amount of viably affordable units. Administrative processing of planning and building permits allows jurisdictions to apply the local municipal code and zoning ordinances that organize varying land uses within City boundaries.
Table 26: Timelines for Permit Procedures and Decision-Making Authority Type of Approval or Permit Typical Processing
Time
Approval Authority Appeal Authority
Conditional Use Permit 3-6 months Planning Commission City Council Development Agreement 4-6 months City Council -
Design Review 3-8 months Planning Commission City Council Variance 3-8 months Planning Commission City Council
Zoning Clearance 10 days CD Director Planning
Commission
Major Subdivision 8-12 months City Council -
Source: Cotati Community Development Department Staff September, 2022 Residential development requires zoning clearance, design review, and issuance of building permits. Depending on the type and location of development, other permits and approvals may be required, such as a conditional use permit. Conditional use permits are not required for multifamily development in any zoning district except Low Density Residential.
The City has not received any requests for lesser densities in recent history, and would not approve such requests due to minimum densities in a variety of zones.
Design Review
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Packet Pg. 233 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 58 All projects must obtain design review approval for approval of a planning permit or building permit for new construction. Single-family dwellings can receive design review approval from the Community Development Director, with all other residential projects requiring design review from the design review administration and the Planning Commission. An application for design review is submitted along with the application for a planning permit. Each project must demonstrate that it does the following:
1. Complies with this section;
2. Provides architectural design, building massing and scale appropriate to and compatible with the site surroundings and the community;
3. Provides attractive and desirable site layout and design, including building arrangement, exterior appearance and setbacks, drainage, fences and walls, grading, landscaping, lighting, signs, etc.;
4. Provides efficient, safe, and visually attractive public access, circulation and parking;
5. Provides appropriate open space and landscaping, including the use of water-efficient landscaping, and native plants where appropriate;
6. Addresses site planning design considerations related to city services, traffic flows and patterns, and environmental conditions in a manner that ensures maximum aesthetic cohesiveness;
7. Is consistent with the general plan and applicable specific plans; and
8. Complies with any applicable city design guidelines, design standards, and/or design review policies.
There are existing objectives design standards in place for projects eligible for SB 35 streamlined ministerial approval. Under Program 2-2, the City will expand existing objective design and development standards for SB 35 projects to apply to multi-family, single-family, and mixed-use projects.
Historic Preservation
The State of California recognizes the historical significance or potential significance of two resources in Cotati: the Cotati Downtown Plaza and the Cotati Women’s Improvement Club, both of which are located within the DSP area. There has been no systematic historic architectural survey of Cotati; however, 24 parcels, most situated on the Plaza, were listed in the 1991 La Plaza Specific Plan and Environmental Impact Report as containing possible historic buildings. Separate from CEQA, the City does not have a historic review process, or any designated historic districts.
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Packet Pg. 234 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 59 4.4.3 Environmental and Infrastructure Constraints
Environmental Constraints
Housing development and sites considerations necessitate an evaluation of environmental constraints, and an understanding of the cost and feasibility of potential mitigations. Early identification and assessment of potential environmental impacts, usually conducted during the land acquisition and site design stage, limit the waste of time and financial resources for development projects. Multiple Federal and state laws, including the California Environmental Protection Act, the Federal Clean Water Act, the Federal Endangered Species Act, and the California Endangered Species Act, require developers and local governments to identify and address impacts on special-status species and protected habitats.
Government Code § 65302.1 requires local governments to adopt policies and programs for protecting the community from wildfire, flooding, seismic, geologic, and human-caused hazards in the Safety Element of the General Plan. Some of the policies addressed in Cotati’s General Plan in relevance to mitigating hazard risks applicable to future development include, but are not limited to:
Policy SA 2.1: Require new land development proposals to avoid unreasonable exposure to geologic hazards, including Earthquake damage, subsidence, liquefaction, and expansive soils.
Policy SA 2.2: Ensure that all development and construction proposals are reviewed by the City to ensure conformance with applicable building standards. Policy SA 2.4: Development in areas subject to liquefaction, such as along East and West Cotati Avenues and Gravenstein Highway shall be reviewed by qualified soils engineers and geologists prior to development in order to ensure the safety and stability of all construction.
Policy SA 2.5: Ensure that development on slopes over 10% grade complies with special building and grading restrictions
Policy SA 2.6: Development and grading on slopes greater than 15% shall be prohibited
Policy SA 2.11: Prior to the development of any new structures and any addition greater than 500 square feet in areas of moderate to high potential for expansive soils, a site-specific soil study shall be prepared.
Flooding, earthquakes, wildfire, and landslides are primary hazards that have the potential to affect future development in Cotati. The Downtown Specific Plan (DSP) Area, and the Santero Way Specific Plan Area, designated by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) as Priority Development Areas or Production Areas, are targeted for major redevelopments in the next five years. The DSP area is the only area that experienced localized flood hazards in the past. Between 2015 to 2019,
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Packet Pg. 235 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 60 permits for new construction have been issued to 59 single-family and 18 mixed-use, commercial development projects.
Flood
According to flood factor data records, Cotati has a moderate risk of flooding over the next 30 years. About 387 homes out of 2341 homes are identified to have a greater than a 26% probability of being severely affected by flooding. Under the Sonoma County Flood Control and Water Conservation District Act, Flood Protection Advisory Committee was formed in three flood protection zones to address flood protection measures and provide recommendations on annual budgets involving expenditures related to flood protection, stream maintenance, and stormwater management within the zone area. The Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA) categorizes the City of Cotati within Zone 1A- Laguna/Mark West Creek in the Stormwater Management Plan. The SCWA developed the Flood Management Design Manual to guide public agencies and private entities in the planning, design review process, and permitting procedures of individual project proposals relative to flood management. The City of Cotati in partnership with Sonoma Water applies the criteria in this manual when reviewing drainage design and plans for development projects.
State law accords local government the ability to put regulations in place that promote public health, safety, and welfare of its communities. Pursuant to state law, the City of Cotati has adopted floodplain management regulations. Municipal Code Title 15, Article V: Provisions for flood hazard reductions articulate the standard of construction including anchoring, construction methods and materials, and elevations and floodproofing for new construction in special flood hazard areas.
The following standards apply to all new constructions and existing residential structures in need of improvement:
Adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure and be constructed with flood-resistant materials. Structures on slopes must have adequate drainage paths and areas below the base flood elevations areas must install flood-resistant utility equipment. The lowest floor (including basement) must be elevated to or above the base flood elevation (BFE).
All enclosed areas below the lowest floor (excluding basement) must be designed to have openings on exterior walls that allow floodwater to exit and enter directly
Seismic & Geologic Hazards
Cotati is situated in a seismically active region and therefore has a very high earthquake risk. About 2,470 earthquakes have occurred since 1931, with the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (a 7.9 magnitude) being the most significant to adversely impact residents and property. The largest earthquake recorded within 30 miles of
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Packet Pg. 236 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 61 Cotati was a 6.0 magnitude in 2014. The USGS database indicates a 95.28% probability of a major earthquake within 30 miles of Cotati happening in the next 50 years. Earthquakes are also conducive to liquefaction, a state in which surface soil loses cohesion and converts to a fluid. The soil type determines the liquefication potential in areas. Soils in Cotati are susceptible to liquefaction. Areas along East and West Cotati Avenues, Wilford Lane, and Redwood Drive have moderate liquefaction risk. These areas are also associated with shrink-swell, with the potential of high shrink/ swell in the eastern area and moderate shrink/swell in the western area of the City. Seismic events, soil saturation, and development-related construction can trigger landslides, in addition, the area’s slope angle, vegetation cover, and the physical nature of the ground play a role in landslide occurrences. According to Cotati’s hazard risk assessment, the likelihood of landslide occurrence and its potential impact on people and property is medium risk. Landslides are not a significant constraint in future development projects because the City’s topography is relatively flat.
Figure 1: Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation
Source: California Geological Survey, Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation
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Packet Pg. 237 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 62 Figure 2: Deep-Seated Landslide Susceptibility
Source: California Geologic Survey Data Viewer, CGS Map Sheet 58
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Packet Pg. 238 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 63 Figure 3: Earthquake Shaking Potential for California Source: California Geologic Survey, MS48: Earthquake Shaking Potential for California (revised 2016) Flood
The northeastern portion of Cotati is subject to flooding from the Laguna de Santa Rosa and Cotati Creek. Approximately 4.8 percent of the land within the city limits located within is subject to one percent of flooding in any given year and about 7.7 percent within the Urban Growth boundary are considered high flood hazards with the FEMA flood zone AE (a 100-year flooding scenario with base flood elevation determined).
The Downtown Specific Plan area is the only priority development area that has experienced localized flooding in the past, and no other areas are known to be susceptible to hazard risks. Based on the 100-year scenario of flood risk assessment, 200 residential buildings may be exposed to flooding.
Among critical facilities, the City of Santa Rosa’s wastewater treatment plant where Cotati wastewater is sent, has experienced significant flooding on several occasions and is likely to be exposed to flooding in the future.
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Packet Pg. 239 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 64 Figure 4: Flood Hazard Zones
Source: FEMA, National Flood Hazard Layer, 2008
Fire
There are 7 residential structures found in high relative hazard and 341 residential structures found in moderate relative hazard for wildfire. Wildland urban interface fires are prevalent in Sonoma County.
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Packet Pg. 240 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 65 Figure 5: Fire Hazard Severity Zones
Source: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, California Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ), June 2, 2022
Special Status Species
State law requires cities to adopt policies and actions that address the protection of natural resources and habitats for sensitive plant and wildlife species. The
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Packet Pg. 241 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 66 conservation element of Cotati’s General Plan consists of twenty policies and twelve actions that address the preservation, rehabilitation, protection, and enhancement of biodiversity communities and sensitive habitat areas. It prohibits new developments on the City’s hills where slopes are greater than 15% and requires the identification of appropriate mitigation measures for proposed development projects. Wetlands, riparian, lowland areas, and other environmentally sensitive areas providing habitat for a variety of plant and wildlife species are observed within and vicinity of Cotati.
Some of the special-status wildlife species spotted in Cotati include California tiger salamander, California red-legged frog, Foothill yellow-legged frog, Western Pond turtle, California yellow-billed cuckoo, Tricolored blackbird, Pallid bat, and American badger.
Figure 6: California Tiger Salamander Range
Source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Tiger Salamander Range, 2020
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Packet Pg. 242 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 67 Infrastructure Constraints
The City of Cotati shares the same National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater permit with Sonoma Water, the County of Sonoma, and several Sonoma County cities. These agencies use similar programs, policies, and procedures to implement their respective stormwater programs. The Low Impact Development Technical Design Manual is a guiding document that these agencies use in compliance with the NPDES water permit.4 Development projects are required to follow the manual and refer to design guidelines to reduce stormwater runoff, protect water quality, and promote groundwater recharge. New development and redevelopment projects are also required to implement stormwater quality source and treatment controls and trash removal.
Multi-family residential projects and sites allocated for subdivisions are required to make on-site and off-site improvements needed for efficient service delivery. These requirements include constructing connections to existing water and sewer lines, electrical and gas lines, constructing streets with curbs, gutters, and sidewalks, and providing fire hydrants, streetlights, and drainage structures. Single-family residential development on existing lots requires connection to an existing road, water service, sanitary sewer service, and gas and electric utilities. Subdivisions must provide adequate access and streets to all parcels, including paved access roads.
Neighborhood roadways must have a total right of way of 56 feet, which comprises 30 feet of pavement (two 8-foot vehicle traffic lanes with seven feet of curbside parking on each side) and a planting strip on either side of the pavement. Mixed-use projects that include residential units are required to provide streets in compliance with commercial street design standards. Commercial streets must have a total rightof-way of 68 to 80 feet, including 48 feet of pavement (two or four 11-foot vehicle traffic lanes with a 4 to the 6-foot bike lane and 7 feet of on-street parking on each side of the street) and a planting strip on either side of the pavement.
The building permit valuation process and infrastructure connectivity fees of multifamily residential projects are lower compared to single-family developments.
Overall, on-site and off-site infrastructural improvements required by the City do not pose constraints or limit the provision of any type of housing development.
Energy
As of 2019, Cotati uses 100% renewable electricity (Evergreen) provided by Sonoma Clean Power.
Water and Wastewater
Cotati’s main water supply comes from the Russian River surface water, and three groundwater wells located in Santa Rosa Plain Subbasin which are provided by Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA) through two transmission pipelines. The City is entitled to receive up to 1,520 acre-feet per year under the water supply 4 Low Impact Development Technical Design Manual
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Packet Pg. 243 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 68 agreement with the SCWA. Cotati obtains about 1/3 of its water supply from three municipal groundwater wells. While the City has historically used groundwater to supply more than half of its demands, its current water management strategy is to draw its primary water supply from the Agency and utilize groundwater to supplement its needs during peak demand periods or periods of drought. The City is part of the Santa Rosa Subregional Water Reuse System (Subregional System), which provides wastewater treatment, disposal, and water recycling services to Cotati.
The City of Cotati owns and operates the wastewater collection system and provides sanitary sewer service to approximately 1200 acres in and around City limits. Sewage and wastewater generated is transported to the Santa Rosa Subregional Wastewater Reclamation System for treatment at Laguna Treatment Plant. According to the City’s 2010 Urban Water Management Plan, the City plans to implement a system that would deliver recycled wastewater treated at the Santa Rosa Subregional System. There is only one sewer project identified in the Capital Improvement Program from Fiscal Year 2020/21 through FY 2024/25. The City’s water and sewer systems do not pose a constraint to housing development.
4.5 ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING
4.5.1 Background and Summary of Fair Housing Issues
Extremely low-income households, senior households, persons experiencing disabilities, farmworkers, female-headed households, and homeless individuals are special needs groups with the greatest need for affordable housing, resources, and services. The special needs groups are more likely than others to experience housing problems and severe cost burdens, paying more than half of their income towards housing expenses. Chronic or acute illnesses, domestic abuse, developmental disabilities, and other factors may exacerbate housing issues for special needs groups. Rising housing costs, inflation, and stagnant wages and housing growth may also exacerbate housing issues that can lead to severe cost burden and/or homelessness.
The requirement to affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH) is derived from the Fair Housing Act of 1968, which prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, and later amended to include familial status and disability. The 2015 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Rule to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing and California Assembly Bill 686 (2018) mandates that each jurisdiction takes meaningful actions to address significant disparities in housing needs and access to opportunity. These measures are intended to address disproportionate housing needs of the City’s most vulnerable residents, including renters and cost burdened households.
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Packet Pg. 244 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 69 Housing Element Requirements
Under State law, affirmatively furthering fair housing (AFFH) means “taking meaningful actions, in addition to combatting discrimination, which overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.” Housing Element law as amended by AB 686 (2018) requires that jurisdictions incorporate AFFH into their Housing Element updates, including community engagement and outreach, an assessment of fair housing, identification of housing sites, and goals, policies, and programs that meaningfully address local fair housing issues. The City of Cotati is addressing these requirements through the following means:
Meaningful Engagement: Meaningful engagement and outreach efforts were conducted throughout the Housing Element process. These efforts and the incorporation of feedback received is detailed in Appendix A. Assessment of Fair Housing: This section contains the assessment including the analysis and comparison of local data and regional data, trends, and patterns. This data is supplemented by local knowledge wherever available.
The AFH identifies fair housing issues and contributing factors based on the analysis in the five different subsections:
Enforcement and Outreach Capacity
Segregation and Integration Patterns and Trends
Disparities in Access to Opportunity
Disproportionate Housing Needs, including Displacement Areas of Concentrated Poverty and Affluence Across Racial and Ethnic Groups
Identification of Contributing Factors: Factors that contribute to fair housing issues have been identified for each area of the AFH and prioritizes these factors within Table 45.
Summary of Fair Housing Issues: Fair housing issues are summarized in Section 4.5.6 of the AFH, along with the description of goals and actions in Table 45.
Sites Inventory: Housing sites identified to meet regional housing needs have been evaluated relative to the components of the AFH. Section 11-3 contains the housing sites information, maps, and the sites analysis. Section 4.5.7 of the AFH contains additional analysis of the housing sites relative to the fair housing topics.
The City of Cotati has made efforts to affirmatively further fair housing through the adoption of the Housing Element, increasing funding for affordable housing, preserving existing and naturally occurring affordable housing, and enhancing local
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Packet Pg. 245 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 70 fair housing protections. This Assessment of Fair Housing (AFH) details the efforts and progress that the City has made to promote a fair and equitable housing market and highlights remaining fair housing issues that should be addressed during the implementation of the 6th Cycle Housing Element. These fair housing issues, contributing factors, level of priority, and the City programs and actions intended to address each issue are compiled at the end of this AFH.
4.5.2 Fair Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity
Fair housing enforcement and outreach capacity relate to the ability of the City and local fair housing entities to disseminate information related to fair housing and provide outreach and education to ensure community members are aware of fair housing laws and rights. In addition, enforcement and outreach capacity include the ability to address compliance with fair housing laws, such as investigating complaints and obtaining remedies. While the City does not directly enforce fair housing laws, it does partner with and refer residents to local fair housing and housing legal support organizations.
Compliance with Existing Fair Housing Laws & Regulations Federal and State laws prohibit intentional housing discrimination and prohibit any actions or policies which may have a discriminatory effect on a protected group of people make it illegal to discriminate based on a person’s protected class, including race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability. In California, the Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) and the Unruh Civil Rights Act also make it illegal to discriminate based on marital status, ancestry, sexual orientation, source of income, or any other arbitrary forms of discrimination. Examples of policies or practices with discriminatory effects include exclusionary zoning and land use policies, predatory mortgage lending and insurance practices, and residential rules that may indirectly inhibit religious or cultural expression.
Both the Federal and State governments have structures in place to process and investigate fair housing complaints. In California, the Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH) maintains the authority to investigate complaints of discrimination related to employment, housing, public accommodations and hate violence. The agency processes complaints online, over the phone and by mail and provides protection and monetary relief to victims of unlawful housing practices. At a federal level, HUD also processes, investigates, and enforces any complaints in violation of the Federal Fair Housing Act.
Additional fair housing protections in the State of California include:
The Ralph Civil Rights Act (California Civil Code § 51.7) forbids acts of violence or threats of violence because of a person’s race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, political affiliation, or position in a labor dispute.
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Packet Pg. 246 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 71 The Bane Civil Rights Act (California Civil Code § 52.1) provides another layer of protection for fair housing choice by protecting all people in California from interference by force or threat of force with an individual’s constitutional or statutory rights, including a right to equal access to housing. California Civil Code § 1940 prohibits landlords from questioning potential residents about their immigration or citizenship status. In addition, this law forbids local jurisdictions from passing laws that direct landlords to make inquiries about a person’s citizenship or immigration status. The California Tenant Protection Act (AB 1482 of 2019; California Civil Code 1946.2, 1947.12 and 1946.13) prohibits tenants from being evicted without “just cause,” which means that tenants who have lived in a unit for at least a year may only be evicted for enumerated reasons, such as failure to pay rent, criminal activity, or breach of a material term of the lease. The law also caps rent increases at 5% for a period of 10 years. California Government Code § 11135, 65008, and 65580-65589.8 prohibit discrimination in programs funded by the State and in land use decisions.
Specifically, changes to § 65580-65589.8 require local jurisdictions to address the provision of housing options for special needs groups, including:
o Housing for persons with disabilities (SB 520)
o Housing for homeless persons, including emergency shelters, transitional housing, and supportive housing (SB 2)
o Housing for extremely low-income households, including single-room occupancy units (AB 2634)
o Housing for persons with developmental disabilities (SB 812) The City of Cotati maintains compliance with all federal and state fair housing laws and is committed to ensuring access to fair housing services. Two locally implemented fair housing laws protect Cotati residents against discrimination based on the protected characteristic of sexual orientation and familial status.5,6 In addition to protection for these specific classes, the City promotes fair housing through the preservation and production of affordable housing for at-risk residents. The following affordable housing requirements can be found in City of Cotati Municipal Code:
Inclusionary Housing Ordinance: The City requires that new housing projects with ten or more units reserve at least 15% of units as deedrestricted affordable housing. There are some exceptions for housing that is 5 Cotati Municipal Code, Chapter 9.32: Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Cotati/html/Cotati09/Cotati0932.html 6 Cotati Municipal Code, Discrimination Against Families with Children in Property Rentals, https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Cotati/#!/html/Cotati19/Cotati1908.html
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Packet Pg. 247 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 72 developed offsite, and the units are deed-restricted for a minimum of 30 years.7
In-Lieu Fees: The City offers the payment of in-lieu fee for developers who construct nine or fewer units. The fees paid by developers then go into the City’s affordable housing fund to be used to support the construction of affordable housing.8
Linkage Requirements: The City requires non-residential developers to contribute to affordable housing by paying a housing linkage fee or construct affordable housing on-site. The fees paid by developers go into the City’s affordable housing fund to be used for the construction of affordable housing.9
Mobile home Park Space Rent Stabilization: The City has made efforts to preserve its share of mobile home parks by implementing local review procedure for mobile home conversion projects and by imposing rent stabilization on these units.10 Developers intending to convert existing mobile home parks must provide adequate notice to existing park residents, offer residents the right of first refusal to purchase the park, conduct a review of impacts on existing residents, and secure the approval of the City Council before conversion may occur.11
Aside from these city-level actions, the County of Sonoma promotes the preservation and creation of affordable housing and works to affirmatively further fair housing through their own policies, programs, projects, and practices. The Sonoma County Community Development Commission (CDC) was established in 1970 and is “dedicated to creating homes for all in thriving and inclusive neighborhoods.” They strive to do so by offering three core services: rental assistance, homeless services, and investment in community and affordable housing projects. The goal is to create housing that is “affordable, available, and accessible to the County’s low-income and workforce residents.” The Sonoma County Board of Supervisors provides oversight to the CDC.12
Every three years, the CDC produces a Three-Year Strategic Plan to identify its role within the County of Sonoma and to guide its work efforts over the next several years. The most recent plan, released in August 2019, discusses recent evidence that “housing instability as measured by rent burdens, over-crowding, and concentrations of poor households in high poverty neighborhoods remains a pressing issue impeding 7 Cotati Municipal Code. Chapter 17.31: Affordable Housing Requirements, https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Cotati/html/Cotati17/Cotati1731.html 8 City of Cotati, Fee Schedule, October, 2021,
http://p1cdn4static.civiclive.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_9669113/Image/City%20Hall/Master%20Fee%20Schedule %20%20-%20Published%2010222021_Revised%203_21_22.pdf
9 Cotati Municipal Code. Chapter 17.31
10 Cotati Municipal Code, Chapter 19.14: Mobile Home Park Space Rent Stabilization, https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Cotati/html/Cotati19/Cotati1914.html 11 Cotati Municipal Code. Chapter 17.46: Conversion of Mobile Home Park to Other Uses https://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Cotati/html/Cotati17/Cotati1746.html 12 Sonoma County website “Community Development Commission” web page
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Packet Pg. 248 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 73 the full recovery of the county and disproportionately impacting communities of color.”13 To address these issues, the CDC has created a strategic plan aimed at fostering a strong team, building trust through proactive engagement, and creating pathways to housing and community resources.
In addition to ongoing promotion of increased supply of affordable housing, Sonoma County also funds non-profit organizations to provide fair housing services such as fair housing advocacy, public education on renter and property owner rights, and assistance in attaining and retaining housing for those who live with a disability, some of which are featured in the next section.
Fair Housing Services, Outreach, and Enforcement at a Local Level The City of Cotati provides the following fair housing and affordable housing resources on the “Housing” page of their website:
Table 27: Housing Resources for Cotati
Service/Need Provider Website
Affordable Home
Ownership
Housing Land Trust
of Sonoma County
http://www.housinglandtrust.org/
Fair Housing Services Fair Housing
Advocates of Sonoma
County
http://www.fairhousingnorcal.org/
Food Distribution Redwood Empire
Food Bank
https://refb.org/
Neighbors Organized
Against Hunger
(NOAH)
https://www.noahfoodpantry.org/
Home Sharing Petaluma People
Services Center
https://petalumapeople.org/housing/
Housing Rehabilitation Sonoma County
Community
Development
Commission (CDC)
http://sonomacounty.ca.gov/CommunityDevelopment-Commission/ Housing Rehabilitation
Loan Program
Sonoma County
Community
Development
Commission
https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/CDC/Housingand-Neighborhood-Investment/HousingRehabilitation-Loan-Program/ Legal Assistance California Rural Legal
Assistance
http://www.crla.org/
Rent Assistance Reach for Home
(Formerly NSCS)
http://www.reachforhome.org/
13 SCCDC Three-Year Strategic Plan, August 2019
https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/Main%20County%20Site/General/Sonoma/Sample%20Dept/Department%2 0Information/Plans%2C%20Policies%20and%20Reports/_Documents/2019_08_20_3YearStratPlan_att1. pdf
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Packet Pg. 249 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 74 Sonoma County
Homeless Resource
Guide
Sonoma County http://www.sonomacountyhomeless.org/
Transitional Housing Reach For Home
(Formerly NSCS)
http://www.reachforhome.org/
State Affordable
Housing Income
Limits
State of California https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grantsfunding/income-limits/state-and-federalincome-limits/docs/income-limits-2021.pdf Grants and Funding California
Department of
Housing and
Community
Development (HCD)
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/grantsfunding/index.shtml
Cotati residents also benefits from regional and state organizations that provide fair housing information, outreach, and enforcement, including their capacity and resources available to them. These organizations include:
Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH)
The California DFEH is a state agency dedicated to enforcing California’s civil rights laws. Its mission targets unlawful discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations, hate violence, and human trafficking. Victims of discrimination can submit complaints directly to the department. DFEH is also a HUD Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) agency and receives funding from HUD to enforce fair housing laws.
Fair Housing Advocates of Northern California (FHANC)
Fair Housing Advocates of Northern California is a private 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with a stated mission of ensuring equal housing opportunity and educating communities on the value of diversity in their neighborhoods. FHANC is also a grantee under HUD’s Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP), which means that it receives funding from HUD to assist victims of housing discrimination. FHANC provides fair housing counseling services, fair housing complaint investigation, and assistance in filing fair housing administrative complaints to residents of Sonoma, Solano, and Marin counties. FHANC also offers counseling and education programs on foreclosure prevention and pre-purchase homebuying.
Legal Aid of Sonoma County
Legal Aid of Sonoma County represents low and very low-income residents within County. Legal Aid Sonoma County is also a grantee under HUD’s Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP), as it receives funding from HUD to assist victims of housing discrimination. Their housing practice provides legal assistance regarding public, subsidized (including Section 8 and other HUD subsidized projects) and private housing, fair housing and housing discrimination, housing conditions, rent control,
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Packet Pg. 250 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 75 eviction defense, lockouts and utility shut-offs, residential hotels, and training advocates and community organizations. Legal Aid is restricted from representing undocumented clients.
Sonoma County Community Development Commission (CDC)
The County of Sonoma Community Development Commission (CDC) supports countywide development of affordable housing to help mitigate the effects of housing segregation by financing new affordable housing and/or rehab projects with federal, state, and local funds. The County also funds non-profit organizations to provide fair housing services such as fair housing advocacy, public education on renter and property owner rights, and assistance in attaining and retaining housing for those who live with a disability. More specifically, the Sonoma County Code of Ordinances (Sonoma County Mun. Code § 23-90-010, et seq.) provides for specific procedures for requesting reasonable accommodations under the FHA and FEHA.
To address discrimination within operations and decision-making processes, the County joined the Government Alliance on Race and Equity and participants from 12 county departments created Sonoma County Racial Equity Alliance and Leadership.
Subsequently, county employees formed the County Latinx Employee Resource Network. The Board of Supervisors also created the Office of Equity in the Summer of 2020. In January of 2021, the Board of Supervisors approved a five-year strategic plan supporting racial equity and promoting social justice. The goals contained in the strategic plan are to foster a county organizational culture that supports the commitment to achieving racial equity; implement strategies to make the County workforce reflect County demographic across all levels; ensure racial equity throughout all County policy decisions and service delivery; and engage community members and stakeholder groups to develop priorities and to advance racial equity.
Federally, Title VIII fair housing case may be filed based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, familial status, and retaliation for filing a Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) complaint. Between January 1, 2013, and March 19, 2021, there were three FHEO Inquiries in the City of Cotati, which is fewer than .5 per inquiries per one-thousand people. Of these inquiries, one was on account of Disability and two were on an undefined count. All three cases resulted in counts of “No Valid Issue.”14
Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity: Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors
The City of Cotati is in full compliance with all applicable fair housing regulations at the State and Federal levels. As discussed above, the City does not directly enforce fair housing laws, but does disseminate information about and refer residents to local fair housing and housing legal support organizations. Challenges related to fair housing enforcement are primarily due to a lack of funding and staff capacity – 14 AFH Data Viewer: FHEO Inquiries by City (HUD, 2013-2021)
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Packet Pg. 251 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 76 including bilingual capacity – to ensure that residents, tenants, and property owners are aware of their rights and obligations related to tenancy and rental protections.
Program 4-3 (Nondiscrimination and Fair Housing Information) will help to ensure that this factor is mitigated and that outreach is more effective.
4.5.3 Segregation and Integration Patterns and Trends
Segregation is the separation of different demographic groups into different geographic locations or communities, meaning that groups are unevenly distributed across geographic space. Integration in the equal distribution of demographic groups within a geographic location or community. This section of the Assessment of Fair Housing will assess the extent of racial and income segregation and integration both on the neighborhood level and between the City and neighboring jurisdictions.
Segregation is partly a result of historical exclusionary zoning practices, which is a practice that either intentionally or unintentionally excludes certain types of land uses and/or races and ethnicities from a given community. Exclusionary zoning was introduced in the early 1900s, often to prevent racial and ethnic minorities from moving into middle- and upper-class neighborhoods. Zoning codes that discriminate based on race and ethnicity are now illegal, however, nearly all communities in the United States have land use patterns that reflect past practices. This can limit the supply of available housing units. In many cities, the implementation of these zoning practices, along with a host of other factors including historical disinvestment in lowincome neighborhoods, has resulted in segregation. The 2022 State of Housing in Sonoma County report commissioned by Generation Housing indicated that Cotati had the lowest amount of share of single-family zoning among jurisdictions in Sonoma County.
Cotati has taken steps to address past exclusionary zoning practices with each update of the Housing Element. The City is currently zoned according to the map in Figure 7Figure 7Figure 7 below. Most land in southern and western portions of the City is zoned for Rural Residential (RR), Residential Very Low Density (RVL) or Neighborhood, Low Density (NL.) The former type of zoning district is applied to areas deemed appropriate for low density areas of detached single-family homes and allows for densities ranging from one dwelling unit per 0.66 acres to one unit per one-half acre. The latter type of zoning is applied to areas developed with and deemed appropriate for neighborhoods of detached single-family homes and duplexes with a maximum allowable density of six dwelling units per acre.
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Packet Pg. 252 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 77 Figure 7: Zoning Map of the City of Cotati
Source: City of Cotati Municipal Code, Chapter 17.2
Race and Ethnicity
The City of Cotati’s population is predominantly white by more than 50%, though the percentage has decreased since 2000. The percentage of the nonwhite population in Cotati has increased by 5.2 percentage points between 2000 and 2019 (Figure 8Figure 8Figure 8). The White, Non-Hispanic population increased the most while the Black and African American, Non-Hispanic population decreased the most during this period.
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Packet Pg. 253 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 78 Figure 8: Population by Race in Cotati, 2000-2019
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Table P004; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2015-2019), Table B03002
There is a significantly greater share of white residents in Cotati (75%) than in Sonoma County (63%) and the San Francisco Bay Area (39%). Cotati also has a significantly smaller share of Asians/API individuals (<4%) compared to the Bay Area (27%) and only slightly fewer compared to Sonoma County (4%). Another notable difference between local and regional racial compositions is the percentage of Black or African Americans who make up six percent of the Bay Area population but less than one percent of Cotati’s population (Figure 9Figure 9Figure 9).
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Packet Pg. 254 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 79 Figure 9: Population by Race in Cotati, Sonoma County, and the Bay Area Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2019 5-Year Estimates The racial dot map of Cotati in Figure 10Figure 10Figure 10 offers a visual representation of the spatial distribution of racial groups within the jurisdiction. When the distribution of dots does not suggest patterns of clustering, segregation measures tend to be lower. Conversely, when clusters of certain groups are apparent on a racial dot map, segregation measures may be higher. There are no identifiable clusters of racial groups in Cotati.15
15 “AFFH Segregation Report: Cotati, produced by UC Merced Urban Policy Lab and ABAG/MTC Staff, March 6, 2022
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Packet Pg. 255 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 80 Figure 10: Racial Dot Map of Cotati
Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census State Redistricting Data Summary File, 2020 Census of Population and Housing
At the regional level, segregation is measured between cities instead of between neighborhoods. Racial dot maps can also be useful for examining racial segregation between different jurisdictions in the region. Figure 11Figure 11Figure 11 below presents a racial dot map showing the spatial distribution of racial groups in Cotati as well as in nearby Bay Area cities. While there is a notable concentration of Hispanic/Latino populations on the southern side of the City of Rohnert Park bordering Cotati, there are no notable clusters within the City itself.
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Packet Pg. 256 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 81 Figure 11: Racial Dot Map of Cotati and Surrounding Areas, 2020 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, 2020 Census of Population and Housing
The racial isolation index compares each neighborhood’s composition to the jurisdiction’s demographics. This index ranges from zero to one. Higher values indicate that a particular group is more isolated from other groups. The index value indicates the experience of the average member of that group.
Cotati’s isolation index of 0.644 for white residents means that the average white resident lives in a neighborhood that is 64.4% white. Non-white racial groups are less isolated and more likely to encounter other racial groups in their neighborhoods.
The isolation index values for all racial groups in Cotati for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 are in Table 28Table 28Table 28 below. Among all racial groups in the jurisdiction, the white population’s isolation index has changed the most over time, becoming less segregation from other racial groups.
The Bay Area Average column provides the average isolation index value across Bay Area jurisdictions for different racial groups in 2020. The data in this column provides context for the levels of segregation experienced by racial groups in Cotati. For
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Packet Pg. 257 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 82 example, Table 28Table 28Table 28 indicates the average isolation index value for white residents across all Bay Area jurisdictions is 0.491 meaning that a white resident lives in a neighborhood that is 49.1% white in the average Bay Area jurisdiction, which is significantly lower than that of Cotati.
Table 28: Racial Isolation Index Values for Segregation within Cotati Race Cotati Bay Area
2000 2010 2020 2020
Asian/Pacific Islander 0.041 0.042 0.044 0.245
Black/African American 0.020 0.015 0.019 0.053
Hispanic/Latino 0.127 0.189 0.234 0.251
White 0.722 0.714 0.644 0.491
Source: IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS). U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, 2020 Census of Population and Housing, Table P002. Data from 2010 is from U.S> Census Bureau, Census 2010, Table P4. Data for 2000 is standardized to 2010 census tract geographies and is from U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Table P004.
While the racial isolation index measures the segregation of a particular group, the dissimilarity index measures segregation between two distinct groups. Table 29Table 29Table 29 provides the dissimilarity index values indicating the level of segregation in Cotati between white residents and residents who are Black, Hispanic/Latino, or Asian/Pacific Islander. It also provides the dissimilarity index between white residents and all residents of color in the jurisdiction across three time periods. In Cotati, the highest segregation is between Black/African American and white residents. The dissimilarity index of 0.119 means that 11.9% of Black/African American (or white) residents would need to move to a different neighborhood to create perfect integration between these two racial groups.
Table 29: Racial Dissimilarity Index Values for Segregation within Cotati Cotati Bay Area Average
Race 2000 2010 2020 2020
Asian/Pacific Islander vs. White 0.071* 0.079* 0.085* 0.185 Black/African American vs. White 0.111* 0.066* 0.119* 0.244 Hispanic/Latino vs. White 0.050 0.018 0.101 0.207
People of Color vs. White 0.024 0.026 0.074 0.168
Note: If a number is marked with an asterisk (*), it indicates that the index is based on a racial group making up less than 5 percent of the jurisdiction population, leading to unreliable numbers.
Source: IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS). U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, 2020 Census of Population and Housing, Table P002. Data from 2010 is from U.S> Census Bureau, Census 2010, Table P4. Data for 2000 is standardized to 2010 census tract geographies and is from U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Table P004.
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Packet Pg. 258 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 83 Finally, the Theil’s H Index measures how diverse each neighborhood is compared to the diversity of the whole city. Neighborhoods are weighted by their size, so that larger neighborhoods play a more significant role in determining the total measure of segregation. The index ranges from zero to one. A value of zero would mean all neighborhoods within a city have the same demographics as the entire city. A value of 1 would mean each group lives exclusively in their own, separate neighborhood.
The “Bay Area Average” column in the table below provides the average Theil’s H Index across Bay Area jurisdictions in 2020. Between 2010 and 2020, the Theil’s H Index for racial segregation in Cotati increased, suggesting that there may now be more neighborhood level racial segregation within the jurisdiction. However, in 2020, the Theil’s H Index for racial segregation in Cotati was lower than the average value for Bay Area jurisdictions, indicating that neighborhood level racial segregation in Cotati is less than in the average Bay Area city.
Table 30: Theil’s H Index Values for Racial Segregation within Cotati Cotati Bay Area
Index 2000 2010 2020 2020
Theil’s H Multi-racial 0.003 0.002 0.010 0.042
Source: IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS). U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census State Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, 2020 Census of Population and Housing, Table P002. Data from 2010 is from U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010, Table P4. Data for 2000 is standardized to 2010 census tract geographies and is from U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Table P004.
The Bay Area is a racially diverse region of over seven million people and more than one hundred incorporated municipalities, including the City of Cotati. Racial segregation occurs in every county and metropolitan statistical area. 11 This includes Cotati and Sonoma County, which has the highest percentage of white residents of any county in the Bay Area.
Across the region, white residents are the most segregated group even in counties where they are a racial plurality and/or a minority and have less exposure to members of other racial groups than any other racial group has to each other. This is particularly true of jurisdictions within Sonoma County, though the census tracts that run through Cotati experience low to medium levels of segregation comparatively and there are no tracts that include 85% or more white populations.
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Packet Pg. 259 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 84 Figure 12: Levels of Segregation in Census Tracts within Sonoma County, 2018 Source: Racial Segregation in the San Francisco Bay Area, Part 1, Othering & Belonging Institute
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Packet Pg. 260 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 85 Key findings on income in Cotati from the “AFFH Segregation Report: Cotati” conducted by the University of California (UC) Merced Urban Policy Lab and ABAG/MTC Staff are as follows:
As of 2020, white residents are the most segregated compared to the other racial groups in Cotati as measured by the isolation index. White residents live in neighborhoods where they are less likely to encounter other racial groups.
Among all racial groups in Cotati, the white population’s index value has changed the most over time, becoming less segregated from other racial groups between 2000 and 2020.
The highest level of racial segregation in Cotati is between Black and white residents according to the dissimilarity index; however, this data point is based on a small population size and therefore not necessarily dependable.
Neighborhood racial segregation in Cotati increased between 2010 and 2020 according to the Theil’s H-Index.
Persons with Disabilities
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines a disability as a “physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.” People with disabilities are at greater risk for housing insecurity, homelessness, and institutionalization, particularly when they lose aging caregivers. According to 2019 U.S. Census data, 763 individuals over the age of 18 reported a disability of any kind in Cotati which constitutes 10.2% of the population. Table 31Table 31Table 31 breaks down the proportion of reported disability types.
Table 31: Disability by Type, 2019
Disability value
With a cognitive difficulty 5.6%
With an ambulatory difficulty 5.0%
With an independent living difficulty 4.0%
With a hearing difficulty 2.7%
With a self-care difficulty 1.9%
With a vision difficulty 1.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2019 5-Year Estimates Within this population, there are significant differences in disability status by race and ethnicity. Asian individuals are more likely to have disabilities than are Black individuals, with the incidence of disabilities among the much larger populations of White and Hispanic residents in between (Table 32Table 32Table 32). It is possible that the small number of Black and Asian residents along with disparities in age (which are highly correlated with disability status) partially explains the disparity.
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Packet Pg. 261 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 86 Table 32: Disability Status by Race and Ethnicity, City of Cotati, 2015-2019 Race or Ethnicity Total Population Number with a
Disability
% with a Disability
Total NonInstitutionalized
Population 7,545 771 10.3%
White Alone, Not
Hispanic or Latino 5,555 594 10.7%
Black or African
American Alone* 46 0 0.0%
Asian Alone* 131 17 13.0%
Hispanic or Latino
(of any race) 1,375 101 7.3%
Source: 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Note: As a result of how ACS Table S1810 disaggregates race and ethnicity data for persons with disabilities, Black and Asian population estimates are reflective of all persons who identify as Black or Asian alone, including those who also identify as Hispanic/Latino.
The share of the non-institutionalized population with a disability in Cotati (10.2%) is two percent lower than that of Sonoma County (12%) while it is on par with that of the Bay Area (10%).16 People with disabilities are distributed citywide, with no area exhibiting a disproportionate population with disabilities.
Figure 13: Population with a Disability, Cotati
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2019 5-Year Estimates 16 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2015-2019), Table B18101
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Packet Pg. 262 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 87 Familial Status
American Community Survey data indicates that Cotati has a comparable share of single-person households (27.4%) to both Sonoma County (27.5%) and the Bay Area (24.7%) but has four percent more Female-Headed Family Households than both Sonoma County and the Bay Area.
Figure 14: Household Type in Cotati
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) ACS tabulation, 2013-2017 release
There is no concentration of children in female-headed households within Cotati (Figure 15Figure 15Figure 15), but the north and west sides of the City have higher proportions of children within married-couple households (Figure 16Figure 16Figure 16).
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Packet Pg. 263 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 88 Figure 15: Percent of Children in Female-Headed Households Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2019 5-Year Estimates Figure 16: Percent of Children in Married-Couple Households Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2019 5-Year Estimates Income
Household income is the principal factor in determining a household’s ability to balance housing costs with other basic life necessities. Households with lower incomes face additional barriers when seeking adequate housing. While economic factors that affect a household’s housing choice are not a fair housing issue per se, the relationships among household income, household type, race/ethnicity, and other factors often create misconceptions and biases that raise fair housing concerns.
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Packet Pg. 264 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 89 Identifying geographies and individuals with a low- to moderate- income (LMI) is important to overcome patterns of segregation. HUD defines LMI areas as a Census tract or block group where over 51% of the population is LMI (based on HUD income definition of up to 80% of the area median income.)
Despite the economic and job growth experienced throughout the region since 1990, the income gap has continued to widen. California is one of the most economically unequal states in the nation, and the Bay Area has the highest income inequality between high-and low-income households in the state.
In Cotati, 55.9% of households earn more than the Area Median Income (AMI). This income group is slightly larger in Cotati than in Sonoma County and the Bay Area.
The share of Very-Low Income householders in Cotati, however, is 2.1% larger than that of Sonoma County and 1.1% larger than the Bay Area. The AMI in Cotati in 2018 was $82,182 meaning that a very low-income family of four should pay no more than $1,027.28 (30% of income) in rent for it to be considered affordable by federal standards. The rate of Extremely Low-Income households in Cotati is comparable to Sonoma County and 4.6% less than the Bay Area average. Many households with multiple wage earners – including food service workers, full-time students, teachers, farmworkers, and healthcare professionals – can fall into these lower AMI categories due to stagnant wages in many industries.
Figure 17: Households by Household Income Level
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) ACS tabulation, 2013-2017 release
Income demographics in Cotati for the years 2010 and 2015 are in Table 33Table 33Table 33 below. The figure also provides the income composition of the nine-county Bay Area in 2015. As of that year, Cotati had a lower share of very low-income residents than the Bay Area, a modestly higher share of low-income residents, a
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Packet Pg. 265 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 90 lower share of moderate-income residents and a significantly higher share of above moderate-income residents.
Table 33: Population by Income Group in Cotati and the Region Cotati Bay Area Average
Income Group 2010 2015 2015
Very Low-Income (<50% AMI) 23.31% 24.25% 28.7%
Low-Income (50%-80% AMI) 17.03% 15.29% 14.3%
Moderate-Income (80%-120% AMI) 22.56% 13.52% 17.6%
Above Moderate-Income (>120% AMI) 37.1% 46.94% 39.4%
Source: Data for 2015 is from Housing U.S. Department of and Urban Development, American Community Survey 5-Year 2011-2015 Low- and Moderate-Income Summary Data. Data for 2010 is from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, American Community Survey 5-Year 2006-2010 Low- and Moderate-Income Summary Data The income dot map of Cotati below offers a visual representation of the spatial distribution of income groups within the jurisdiction. As with the racial dot maps, when the dots show lack of a pattern or clustering, income segregation measures tend to be lower, and conversely, when clusters are apparent, the segregation measures may be higher as well. This map shows predominance of Above Moderate households (dark red dots) but does not reveal any income clusters within Cotati (Figure 18Figure 18Figure 18).
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Packet Pg. 266 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 91 Figure 18: Income Dot Map of Cotati, 2015
Source: 2011-2015 American Community Survey (ACS)
Income Isolation Index Values for Cotati and the average Bay Area jurisdiction are present in Table 34Table 34Table 34 below. Above Moderate-Income residents are the most isolated income group in Cotati. Cotati’s isolation index of 0.430 for these residents means that the average Above Moderate-Income resident in Cotati lives in a neighborhood that made up of 43.0% Above Moderate-Income households. The degree of isolation of this income group increased between 2010 and 2015 but was still lower than the average Bay Area City.
Like the tables presented earlier for neighborhood racial segregation, the “Bay Area Average” column in Table 34Table 34Table 34 provides the average isolation index value across Bay Area jurisdictions for different income groups in 2015. The data in this column can be used as a comparison to provide context for the levels of segregation experienced by income groups in this jurisdiction. For example, the average isolation index value for Very Low-Income residents across Bay Area jurisdictions is 0.269, meaning that in the average Bay Area jurisdiction a Very LowIncome resident lives in a neighborhood that is 26.9% Very Low-Income.
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Packet Pg. 267 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 92 Table 34: Income Group Isolation Index Values in Cotati (2010, 2015) and Average Bay Area Jurisdiction
Cotati Bay Area Average
Income Group 2010 2015 2015
Very Low-Income (<50% AMI) 0.234 0.275 0.269
Low-Income (50%-80% AMI) 0.189 0.148 0.145
Moderate-Income (80%-120% AMI) 0.215 0.171 0.183
Above Moderate-Income (>120% AMI) 0.382 0.430 0.507
Source: ACS 5-Year 2011-2015 Low- and Moderate-Income Summary Data, ACS 5-Year 2006-2010 Low- and ModerateIncome Summary Data.
Table 35Table 35Table 35 provides the dissimilarity index values indicating the level of segregation in Cotati between residents who are lower-income (earning less than 80% of AMI) and those who are not lower-income (earning above 80% of AMI).
Segregation in Cotati between lower-income residents and residents who are not lower-income decreased between 2010 and 2015. Additionally, Table 35Table 35Table 35 shows income group dissimilarity index values for the level of segregation between residents who are very low-income (earning less than 50% of AMI) and those who are above moderate-income (earning above 120% of AMI).
This supplementary data point provides additional nuance to an analysis of income segregation, as this index value indicates the extent to which a jurisdiction’s lowest and highest income residents live in separate neighborhoods.
Like other tables in this report, the “Bay Area Average” column shows the average income group dissimilarity index values for these income group pairings across Bay Area jurisdictions in 2015. For example, Table 35Table 35Table 35 indicates that the average income group dissimilarity index between lower-income residents and other residents in a Bay Area jurisdiction is 0.198, so on average 19.8% of lowerincome residents in a Bay Area jurisdiction would need to move to a different neighborhood within the jurisdiction to create perfect income group integration in that jurisdiction.
In 2015, the income segregation in Cotati between lower-income residents and other residents was lower than the average value for Bay Area jurisdictions. This means that the lower-income residents are less segregated from other residents within Cotati compared to other jurisdictions in the region.
Table 35: Income Group Dissimilarity Index Values for Segregation in Cotati Cotati Bay Area Average
Income Group 2010 2015 2015
Below 80% AMI vs. Above 80% AMI 0.166 0.045 0.198
Below 50% AMI vs. Above 120% AMI 0.038 0.068 0.253
Source: ACS 5-Year 2011-2015 Low- and Moderate-Income Summary Data, ACS 5-Year 2006-2010 Low- and ModerateIncome Summary Data.
Deed-restricted affordable housing helps to meet the needs of lower-income households but can serve to further contribute to segregation by income group. There are multiple rental housing projects in the City that include deed-restricted affordable
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Packet Pg. 268 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 93 units (Figure 19Figure 19Figure 19). Per California Housing Partnership, these include:
Charles Street Village, 47 affordable homes, Seniors, 2001 Marvin Gardens, 37 affordable homes, Family, 1983
Wilford Lane Apartments, 35 affordable homes, Special Needs, 2003 Windwood Apartments, 28 affordable homes, Family, 1981 Figure 19: Map of Existing Affordable Rental Housing Projects in Cotati and Surrounding Area
Source: California Housing Partnership Affordable Housing Map Key findings on income in Cotati from the “AFFH Segregation Report: Cotati” conducted by the UC Merced Urban Policy Lab and ABAG/MTC Staff are as follows:
Neighborhood income segregation in Cotati stayed about the same between 2010 and 2015.
Above Moderate-income residents are the most segregated compared to other income groups in Cotati. Above Moderate-income residents live in neighborhoods where they are less likely to encounter residents of other income groups.
Among all income groups, the Low-income population’s segregation measure has changed the most over time, becoming less segregated from other income groups between 2010 and 2015.
Segregation between lower-income residents and residents who are not lower income has decreased between 2010 and 2015. In 2015, the income
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Packet Pg. 269 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 94 segregation in Cotati between lower-income residents and other residents was lower than the average Bay Area jurisdiction.
Poverty
Poverty thresholds, as defined by the Census Bureau, vary by household type but remain constant throughout the country and does not correspond to Area Median Income. Approximately 10.0% of Cotati residents were determined to be living below the poverty level in 2020.17
Across the region, state, and country, people of color are more likely to experience poverty and financial instability due to the lasting impacts of historical housing policies that exclude them from opportunities extended to white residents. These economic disparities also leave communities of color at higher risk for housing insecurity, displacement, or homelessness. In Cotati, Black or African American residents experience the highest rates of poverty followed by Other Race or Multiple Races residents (Table 36Table 36Table 36).
Table 36: Poverty Status by Race in Cotati
Racial / Ethnic Group value
Black or African American (Hispanic and Non-Hispanic) 23.9% Other Race or Multiple Races (Hispanic and Non-Hispanic) 16.9% Asian / API (Hispanic and Non-Hispanic) 12.4%
Hispanic or Latino 9.9%
White, Non-Hispanic 9.1%
White (Hispanic and Non-Hispanic) 5.8%
American Indian or Alaska Native (Hispanic and Non-Hispanic) 0.0% Source: American Community Survey, 2019 5-Year Estimates Regionally, more than half of all households make more than 100% AMI, while 15% make less than 30% AMI (“extremely low income”). In Sonoma County, 30% AMI is equivalent to the annual income of $35,650 for a family of four. There is no concentration of poverty within the City (Figure 20Figure 20Figure 20), and poverty levels have remained about the same since 2014 (Figure 21Figure 21Figure 21).
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Packet Pg. 270 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 95 Figure 20: Population by Poverty Status, 2019
Figure 21: Population by Poverty Status, 2014
Source: American Community Survey, 2019 5-Year Estimates As of 2019, Cotati had a smaller population of impoverished residents compared to the State of California and a slightly larger impoverished population compared to Sonoma County. In the Bay Area, more than half of all households make more than the Area Median Income, while 15% are Extremely Low Income. Households with multiple wage earners–including food service workers, full-time students, teachers, farmworkers, and healthcare professionals–can fall into lower AMI categories due to stagnant wages in certain industries.
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Packet Pg. 271 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 96 Table 37: Percent of Population Below Poverty Level for Whom Poverty Status is Determined in California, Sonoma County, and Cotati (2019) California
Sonoma
County Cotati
Percentage of
population
below
poverty line
13.4% 9.2% 10.1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2019), Table S1701 Racially & Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAP) and Affluence (RCAA)
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has determined that whites are the most racially segregated group in the United States and “in the same way neighborhood disadvantage is associated with concentrated poverty and high concentrations of people of color, conversely, distinct advantages are associated with residence in affluent, white communities.” HUD defines census tracts with a majority non-White population (greater than 50%) that have either a poverty rate that exceeds 40% or is three times the average tract poverty rate for the metro/micro area, whichever threshold is lower, as Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs). There are no R/ECAPS in the City of Cotati.
While RECAPs have long been the focus of fair housing policies, racially concentrated areas of affluence should be further studied to ensure housing is integrated, a key to fair housing choice. Scholars at the University of Minnesota Humphrey School of Public Affairs have created the Racially Concentrated Areas of Affluence (RCAAs) metric to tell the story of segregation more fully in the United States. Based on their research, RCAAs are census tracts where 1) 80% or more of the population is white, and 2) the median household income is $125,000 or greater. There are no RECAAs in Cotati.
In February 2017, the California Fair Housing Task Force (Task Force) created a map that more effectively reflects that level of racial and ethnic diversity in many parts of California. The map that was created filters areas that are both non-whites racially segregated and high poverty. Census tracts and rural block groups that have both a poverty rate of over 30% and that are designated as racially segregated are categorized by this statewide standard as “High Segregation and Poverty.” While there are no block groups of High Segregation and Poverty in Cotati, there are areas that are defined as Low Resource according to the 2022 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map. The populations in these areas can be deconstructed by race to reflect a general relationship between race and level of resources. Of the Low Resource areas in the City of Cotati, 70% of the population is white, and 23% of the population is Hispanic/Latino. Meanwhile, the white population in Moderate Resource Areas is nine percent larger and the Hispanic/Latino population is eight percent smaller than in Low Resource areas (Figure 22Figure 22Figure 22).
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Packet Pg. 272 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 97 Figure 22: Population Living in Resource Areas by Race in Cotati Source: California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC)/California Housing and Community Development (HCD), Opportunity Maps (2020); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2015-2019), Table B03002 Integration and Segregation: Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors Cotati has no measurable fair housing issues related to segregation and integration and is more integrated than most areas nearby and in the region.
4.5.4 Disparities in Access to Opportunities
Racial and economic segregation can lead to unequal access to opportunities within community such as access to high performing schools, good paying jobs, public transportation, parks and playgrounds, clean air and water, public safety, and other resources. A generational lack of access, particularly for people of color and lower income residents, has often resulted in poor life outcomes including lower educational attainment, higher morbidity rates, and higher mortality rates.
This section of the Assessment of Fair Housing identifies any socioeconomic barriers related to education, environment, employment, and transportation that could negatively impact certain communities in Cotati.
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Packet Pg. 273 Attachment: Attachment 1, Exhibit B2-TC - Cotati Adoption Draft Technical Background Report - Tracked Changes (Housing Element Update) 98 Resource Areas
The TCAC Opportunity Areas 2022 Composite Score assesses the level of resources related to education, poverty, proximity to jobs and economic opportunities, low pollution levels, and other factors in neighborhoods across the City. The Composite Score, an index that weighs all these factors, indicates that Cotati is categorized as Low Resource, except for the most eastern census tract that is Moderate Resource.
Because census tract boundaries do not align neatly with City limit lines, these composite scores are influenced by activity happening in areas of the census tracts that fall outside of Cotati City limits; the westerly tract includes portions of the Cities of Rohnert Park, Petaluma, and the community of Penngrove in unincorporated Sonoma County. Education and economic scores fall into the same quartile citywide, but the environmental score of the sprawling westerly tract is notablenotably lower than easterly tracts containing portions of Cotati east of US-101.
The resource designations of both Census tracts in Cotati are influenced by activity outside City limits. The Low Resource westerly tract is influenced by residents from the northern boundary at Wilfred Avenue including the entirety of western Rohnert Park and wrapping around Cotati to the unincorporated community of Penngrove.
The Moderate Resource easterly tract is influenced by the L Section of Rohnert Park.
Local factors do contribute to these distinctions, however, including the presence of older housing stock (pre-1940) in the westerly tract along Old Redwood Highway, and the City’s mobile home parks concentrated along West Sierra Avenue.