Cotati City Council
May 26, 2026

CITY OF COTATI

AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND COMMERCIAL

LINKAGE IMPACT FEE STUDY

FINAL DRAFT
APRIL 17, 2026
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 2 Background and Study Objectives 2
Nexus Study Conclusions 2
Affordable Housing Impact Fee Schedule 3
Commercial Linkage Fee Schedule 3

1. AFFORDABLE HOUSING FEE NEXUS ANALYSIS............................... 5 Nexus Approach 5
Housing Affordability in Cotati 5
Market Rate Rents 5
Market Rate Housing Affordability 6
Market Rate Prototypes and Gross Income 8
Market Rate Rental Prototype 8
Market Rate For Sale Prototype 8
Aggregate Income 9
Induced Employment Impacts 10
Affordable Housing Development Costs 13
Affordability Gap and Maximum Fee Calculation 13

2. COMMERCIAL LINKAGE FEE ....................................................... 15 Nexus Approach 15
Commercial Prototypes 16
Industries 17
Occupations and Wages 21
Worker Households by Income Category 21
Affordability Gap 22
Maximum Justified Commercial Linkage Fee Schedule 22

3. APPENDIX ................................................................................ 23 2 Executive Summary
This report documents an analysis of affordable housing impact fees needed to fund new development’s share of affordable housing induced by the household spending associated with new market rate development. It also documents a commercial linkage fee analysis which quantifies the connection between the development of nonresidential development projects and the demand for affordable housing units through an analysis of the housing needed for new employees and the ability of those employees to afford housing in the City of Cotati.

Background and Study Objectives
To adopt a development impact fee, a local jurisdiction must demonstrate the reasonable relationship (or “nexus”) between the development projects paying the fee and the fee that is charged. This nexus study quantifies the connection between the development of market rate housing and nonresidential buildings and the demand for (and pricing of) affordable housing units.

The residential nexus study examines the household income and spending generated by the new market rate households renting or buying new units in Cotati. Using the IMPLAN economic model, the household spending associated with new development is translated into new induced job growth. These induced jobs will be at various wage rates, though many induced jobs will earn lower wages. Low-wage households cannot reasonably afford to pay for market rate housing in Cotati, a housing impact fee can be justified to bridge the difference between what these new households can afford to pay and the cost to provide housing units to accommodate lower income households associated with this induced job growth.

The commercial linkage fee analysis examines the relationship between jobs created by new commercial development in the City and demand for new housing the City created by those new worker households. As with the residential fee, the analysis measures the extent to which these new worker households need assistance, or a subsidy, to afford housing in the City. Like the affordable housing impact fee, the commercial linkage fee would generate fee revenue to bridge the difference between what these new worker households can afford to pay and the cost to provide housing units to accommodate lower income households associated with the prototype development projects.

Nexus Study Conclusions
The analysis and data compiled in this report demonstrate the following:

1. Extremely Low-, Very Low-, and Low-Income households in Cotati, as defined by the 2025 HUD income limits, cannot afford market rate housing in the City. Affordable housing is defined as housing that costs 30 percent or less of gross monthly household income of each defined income category.

2. The costs to develop new, modest, rental housing are significant in Cotati and exceed the development costs that can be supported by the ongoing affordable rents.

3. Household spending by new market rate rental and for sale households will induce the creation of Extremely Low-, Very Low-, and Low-Income job-holding households that cannot afford housing at the market rate. This requires households to commute long distances from more affordable areas which puts a strain on workforce satisfaction, air quality, infrastructure, traffic and transit, and the health and safety of the City’s residents and workforce.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 3 4. Residents who can afford to purchase or rent new housing within the City spend a portion of their disposable income in the City. This increased spending results in the need to hire new workers to accommodate the increased demand for goods and services associated with new development and increases demand for City services.

5. Cotati is projected to generate approximately 5,600 net new jobs by buildout. Some of those jobs will be Low-Income, and Very Low-Income Jobs that cannot afford housing at the market rate.

Consequently, the analysis in this report identifies the maximum justified affordable housing impact fee that can bridge the gap between the cost of developing affordable housing and what Extremely Low-, Very Low-, and Low-Income households can afford to pay. This report also identifies the maximum justified commercial linkage fee, which bridges the difference between what these new Very Low-, and Low-Income worker households living and working in Cotati can afford to pay and the cost to provide affordable housing units.

Affordable Housing Impact Fee Schedule
The maximum justified affordable housing impact fee schedule is summarized in Table E.1. The fees shown here are the maximum supportable under state law. The City can adopt any amount up to the amounts shown here. Note that for accessory dwelling units (ADUs) impact fees can only be charged on units greater than 750 square feet in size.

Fee per
Square
Foot
New Rental Unit $ 197
New For Sale Unit 193
Source: Table 1.11
Table E.1: Maximum Justified Affordable
Housing Impact Fee Schedule
Commercial Linkage Fee Schedule
The maximum justified commercial linkage fee schedule is summarized in Table E.2. The fees shown here are the maximum supportable under state law. The City can adopt any amount up to the amounts shown here.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 4 Fee per
Square
Foot
Commercial $ 81
Office 83
Industrial 37
Source: Table 2.9.

Table E.2: Maximum Justified Commercial
Linkage Impact Fee Schedule
5 1. Affordable Housing Fee Nexus
Analysis
This chapter details an analysis of the need for affordable housing required to accommodate lower-income employees that support growth within Cotati. It documents a reasonable relationship between new development and a fee to fund affordable housing.

Nexus Approach
New residential development generates population growth. Residents who can afford to purchase or rent this new housing then spend their disposable income in the City. Consequently, this increased spending results in the need to hire new workers to accommodate the increased demand for goods and services associated with new development. This analysis establishes the connection between the increase in household spending associated with new development and the number of new workers that will be hired by local businesses to meet that demand.

Employment growth provides occupations at various wage and salary levels. Low wage workers cannot afford market rate housing within Cotati, so an affordable housing impact fee can be calculated to bridge the gap between what low wage workers can afford to pay for and the cost of providing that housing.

The analysis presented here defines the upper limit for a housing impact fee to be charged on new rental and for-sale housing to mitigate impacts on affordable housing needs. The maximum fee is not necessarily the recommended fee.

Housing Affordability in Cotati
This section of the chapter evaluates housing affordability in Cotati, using Department of Housing and Community Development State Income Limits and current market rate rent data.

Table 1.1 displays the Sonoma County Income limits, as identified by HUD.

Table 1.1: 2025 Sonoma County Income Limits
Persons per HH: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Extremely Low 31,750 36,250 40,800 45,300 48,950 52,550 56,200 59,800 Very Low Income 52,850 60,400 67,950 75,500 81,550 87,600 93,650 99,700 Low Income 84,650 96,750 108,850 120,900 130,600 140,250 149,950 159,600 Median Income 92,400 105,600 118,800 132,000 142,550 153,100 163,700 174,250 Moderate Income 110,900 126,700 142,550 158,400 171,050 183,750 196,400 209,100 Source: Department of Housing and Community Development, State Income Limits 2025.

Market Rate Rents
Willdan gathered data regarding existing market rate rents in in the Cotati/Rohnert Park housing market. The data was sourced from two primary online data sources: craigslist.com and Facebook Marketplace. This data informs the assumption of the household income necessary to rent a housing unit in Cotati at the market rate. The results of the market rate rent analysis for the first quarter of 2026 are summarized in Table 1.2.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 6 Table 1.2 Market Rate Rent - Listings in
Cotati/Rohnert Park Market
Unit Type
Average
Monthly Rent
Studio $ 1,618
1-Bedroom 2,028
2-Bedroom 2,329
3-Bedroom 3,302
Sources: Craigslist.org; Facebook Marketplace; Willdan Financial Services.

Market Rate Housing Affordability
To evaluate housing affordability in Cotati, the analysis compares the household income at the midpoint of each income category from Table 1.1 to the market rents by number of bedrooms from Table 1.2. This analysis uses household incomes at the mid-point of each income range when calculating affordable rents as a conservative measure to avoid overstating the affordability of rental housing. In addition to rents, the analysis also includes an estimate of utility costs based on the 2025 Sonoma County Utility Allowance. The maximum affordable monthly rent including utilities for each income category is calculated as 30 percent of gross monthly household income.

If the difference between the maximum affordable rent and the total monthly housing costs is negative, then housing for that income category and housing product is considered unaffordable.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 7 Table 1.3: Affordability of Market Rate Rental Housing in Cotati Household (Unit) 1 Person 2 Person 3 Person 4 Person
Size: (Studio) (1 Bedroom) (2 Bedrooms) (3 Bedrooms)
Average Market-Rate Rent1 $ 1,618 $ 2,028 $ 2,329 $ 3,302 Utility Costs2
217 274 349 447
Total Monthly Housing Costs $ 1,835 $ 2,302 $ 2,678 $ 3,749 Extremely Low Income (up to 30% AMI)
Household Income at Midpoint of Income Range3 $ 15,875 $ 18,125 $ 20,400 $ 22,650 Maximum Affordable Monthly Rent4 180 179 161 119
Amount Above (Below) Market Rate Rent (1,438) (1,849) (2,168) (3,183) Very Low Income (31-50% AMI)
Household Income at Midpoint of Income Range3 $ 42,300 $ 48,325 $ 54,375 $ 60,400 Maximum Affordable Monthly Rent4 841 934 1,010 1,063
Amount Above (Below) Market Rate Rent (777) (1,094) (1,319) (2,239) Low Income (51-80% AMI)
Household Income at Midpoint of Income Range3 $ 68,750 $ 78,575 $ 88,400 $ 98,200 Maximum Affordable Monthly Rent4 1,502 1,690 1,861 2,008 Amount Above (Below) Market Rate Rent (116) (338) (468) (1,294) Moderate Income (81-120% AMI)
Household Income at Midpoint of Income Range3 $ 97,775 $ 111,725 $ 125,700 $ 139,650 Maximum Affordable Monthly Rent4 2,227 2,519 2,794 3,044 Amount Above (Below) Market Rate Rent 609 491 465 (258) 1 See Table 1.2.
2 Utility costs per Sonoma County Utility Allow ance. Assumes electric heating, cooking costs. 4 Assumes 30-percent of gross income spent on housing and utilities costs.

Sources: California Department of Housing and Community Development, 2025; Willdan Financial Services. 3 Household income limits published by the California Department of Housing and Community Development for Sonoma County, 2025. Show s midpoint of income range. See Table 1.1.

Table 1.4 identifies the income required to afford market rate rents in the City, by household size.

The income required to afford market rate rents assumes that 30 percent of gross income spent on housing and utility costs is considered affordable. The annual affordable housing costs are then compared to the area median income (area median income) to estimate amount of gross income above AMI that is needed to afford each product type, by household size.

Table 1.4: Income Required to Afford Market-Rate Rents in Cotati Household (Unit) 1 Person 2 Person 3 Person 4 Person
Size: (Studio) (1 Bedroom) (2 Bedrooms) (3 Bedrooms)
Total Monthly Housing Costs $ 1,835 $ 2,302 $ 2,678 $ 3,749 Annual Housing Costs $ 22,020 $ 27,624 $ 32,136 $ 44,988 Household Income Required1 73,400 92,080 107,120 149,960 Area Median Income (AMI) 92,400 105,600 118,800 132,000 Income Required as Percent of AMI 79% 87% 90% 114%
1 Assumes 30-percent of gross income spent on housing and utilities costs.

Sources: Tables 1.1 and 1.3.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 8 Market Rate Prototypes and Gross Income
This analysis identified two market rate residential prototypes based on a review of the housing market in Cotati.

Market Rate Rental Prototype
The data collected to identify the current effective rent in Cotati was also used to identify typical rental product characteristics. The typical rental unit in the City was a two-bedroom, onebathroom unit sized at 902 square feet. Using the current rent data, and the housing cost as percent of gross income assumptions discussed above, the amount of gross income needed to afford rent in Cotati is calculated in Table 1.5. It requires an annual gross household income of $93,160 to afford to rent a market rate rental unit in Cotati.

Table 1.5: Rental Residential Prototype
Bedrooms 2
Bathrooms 1
Square feet 902
Rent per Square Foot $ 2.58
Monthly Rent $ 2,329
Annual Rent 27,948
Housing Cost as Percent of Income1
30%
Gross Household Income $ 93,160
1 Renter housing burden is estimated at 30-percent of gross household income, based on California Health & Safety Code Sections 50052.5 and 50053.

Sources: craigslist.org; Willdan Financial Services.

Market Rate For Sale Prototype
Recent housing sales data was collected from mlslistings.com from September 2025 to November 2025. This data informed the typical for sale product prototype displayed below in Table 1.6. The data indicated that the typical for sale product in Cotati was a three-bedroom, twobathroom single family home. The assumption for average sales price and square footage shown in Table 1.6 are the average for sold homes with these characteristics and exclude larger and smaller homes. The gross household income necessary to afford to purchase the prototype is then calculated using current interest rates and estimated housing ownership costs. An annual gross household income of over $183,000 is required to purchase the typical home in Cotati.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 9 Table 1.6: For Sale Residential Prototype
Single Family
Detached
Prototype Assumptions 1
Bedrooms 3
Bathrooms 2
Square feet 1,654
Sales Price per Square Foot $ 488
Sales Price $ 807,857
Down Payment (20%) $ 161,571
Loan Amount $ 646,286
Interest Rate2

6.19%
Monthly Mortgage Payment $ 3,954
Annual Property Tax3 9,161
Homeowners Insurance 7,500
Annual Housing Costs $ 64,110
Housing Cost as Percent of Income4
35%
Gross Household Income $ 183,172
1 Based on an analysis of recent sales of single family homes in Cotati, as reported by mlslistings.com from September 2025 to November 2025.
3 City of Cotati Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2025, p. 159.
2 Average 30-year fixed interest rate as of December 4, 2025 per http://w w w .freddiemac.com/pmms/pmms_archives.html
4 Homeow ner housing burden is estimated at 35-percent of gross household income, based on California Health & Safety Code Sections 50052.5 and 50053.

Sources: City of Cotati Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2025; mlslistings.com; Freddie Mac; Willdan Financial Services.

Aggregate Income
Table 1.7 identifies the aggregate household income of 100 single family owner households and 100 single family renter households who can afford housing at the market rate. This aggregate income is used as the driver of induced economic effects using the IMPLAN model.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 10 Table 1.7: Estimated Incomes by Income Categories of Prototype Buyers and Renters
Single Family
Detached (Buyer)
Multifamily
(Renter)
Income Category $150,000 to $200,000 $70,000 to $100,000 Gross Household Income $ 183,172 $ 93,160
New Households 100 100
Aggregate Household Income $ 18,317,249 $ 9,316,000
Sources: Tables 1.5 and 1.6.

Induced Employment Impacts
The aggregate household income identified above is used to estimate the number of new jobs that new households will support with their household expenditures using the IMPLAN model.

IMPLAN is an input-output based economic impact model used for a variety of different analyses.

In this case IMPLAN models the economy for a region.

For this analysis, IMPLAN used data specific to Sonoma County to estimate the multipliers effects from new households. Essentially, IMPLAN used the increase in household spending associated with the new prototype households to identify the jobs (or fraction of jobs) that are supported by that spending.

The output of the IMPLAN model was then cross referenced with the assumed compensation associated with each occupation to estimate the aggregate number of jobs induced within each income category. The resulting net new jobs by income category are divided by the assumption of jobs per household to determine the number of net new worker households in Cotati induced by the household spending from market rate housing development. In Cotati there are approximately

0.95 jobs per household, as calculated from the latest 2023 American Community Survey data.

Table 1.8 shows the results of the IMPLAN analysis in terms of the induced employment and household generation supported by household spending from the gross income of 100 market rate multifamily rental households.

Table 1.9 shows the results of the IMPLAN analysis in terms of the induced employment and household generation supported by household spending from the gross income of 100 market rate single family for sale households.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 11 Table 1.8: Employment and Household Generation from a New 100-Unit Multifamily Rental Development by Income Level
SOC
Code Major Goup
Extremely
Low
Very Low
Income Low Income
Moderate
Income
Above
Moderate
Total
Employment
11 Management Occupations - - - - 1.64 1.64
13 Business and Financial Operations Occupations - - 0.85 0.40 - 1.25 15 Computer and Mathematical Occupations - - - 0.36 0.03 0.39 17 Architecture and Engineering Occupations - - 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.09 19 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations - - 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.10 21 Community and Social Service Occupations - 0.32 0.60 - - 0.92 23 Legal Occupations - - 0.05 - 0.08 0.13
25 Educational Instruction and Library Occupations - 0.66 0.04 - - 0.70 27 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations - 0.22 0.19 - - 0.41 29 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations - - 0.88 - 1.72 2.60 31 Healthcare Support Occupations - 2.81 0.05 - - 2.86
33 Protective Service Occupations - 0.31 0.01 - - 0.32
35 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 2.84 1.18 0.45 - - 4.47 37 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations - 0.79 0.05 - - 0.84 39 Personal Care and Service Occupations 0.98 0.02 0.07 - - 1.07 41 Sales and Related Occupations - 2.14 0.41 0.42 - 2.97 43 Office and Administrative Support Occupations - 2.48 0.56 - - 3.04 45 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations - 0.10 0.01 - - 0.11 47 Construction and Extraction Occupations - - 0.22 0.04 - 0.26 49 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations - - 0.91 0.09 - 1.00 51 Production Occupations - 0.25 0.18 0.10 - 0.53
53 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations - 1.09 0.70 - 0.03 1.82 Total Jobs 3.82 12.37 6.27 1.47 3.59 27.52
Total Households1

4.04 13.08 6.63 1.55 3.80 29.11
1 Assumes 0.95 jobs per household in Cotati based on data from the 2023 American Community Survey and OnTheMap.ces.census.gov.

Sources: IMPLAN, US Census, American Community Survey, 2023; OnTheMap.ces.census.gov; Willdan Financial Services.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 12 Table 1.9: Employment and Household Generation from a New 100-Unit Single Family For Sale Development by Income Level
SOC
Code Major Goup
Extremely
Low
Very Low
Income Low Income
Moderate
Income
Above
Moderate
Total
Employment
11 Management Occupations - - - - 3.03 3.03
13 Business and Financial Operations Occupations - - 1.57 0.68 - 2.25 15 Computer and Mathematical Occupations - - - 0.65 0.07 0.72 17 Architecture and Engineering Occupations - - 0.04 0.01 0.12 0.17 19 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations - - 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.20 21 Community and Social Service Occupations - 0.63 1.05 - - 1.68 23 Legal Occupations - - 0.10 - 0.15 0.25
25 Educational Instruction and Library Occupations - 1.17 0.10 - - 1.27 27 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations - 0.43 0.37 - - 0.80 29 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations - - 1.30 - 2.49 3.79 31 Healthcare Support Occupations - 4.18 0.08 - - 4.26
33 Protective Service Occupations - 0.70 0.04 - - 0.74
35 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 5.63 2.25 0.88 - - 8.76 37 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations - 1.44 0.09 - - 1.53 39 Personal Care and Service Occupations 1.87 0.03 0.13 - - 2.03 41 Sales and Related Occupations - 4.02 0.75 0.77 - 5.54 43 Office and Administrative Support Occupations - 4.25 0.97 - - 5.22 45 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations - 0.18 0.01 - - 0.19 47 Construction and Extraction Occupations - 0.01 0.45 0.09 - 0.55 49 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations - - 1.60 0.16 - 1.76 51 Production Occupations - 0.46 0.31 0.21 - 0.98
53 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations - 1.96 1.27 - 0.07 3.30 Total Jobs 7.50 21.71 11.15 2.66 6.00 49.02
Total Households1 7.93 22.96 11.79 2.81 6.35 51.85
1 Assumes 0.95 jobs per household in Cotati based on data from the 2023 American Community Survey and OnTheMap.ces.census.gov.

Sources: IMPLAN, US Census, American Community Survey, 2023; OnTheMap.ces.census.gov; Willdan Financial Services.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 13 Affordable Housing Development Costs
Table 1.10 displays the cost of building two recent affordable housing development projects in Cotati. The costs from development project pro formas were provided to Willdan for use in this analysis. On average it costs $822,182 to build an affordable unit in Cotati.

Table 1.10: Affordable Housing Development
Costs
Project Total Units
Total
Development
Cost per Unit
Total
Development
Cost
South Park Commons 61 $ 808,597 $ 49,324,445
Saggio Hills Phase 1 47 839,813 39,471,211
Total 108 $ 822,182 $ 88,795,656
Source: City of Cotati; Freebird Development Company.

Affordability Gap and Maximum Fee Calculation
The housing affordability gap is the difference between what very low, low, and moderate-income households can afford to pay for housing, and the cost to develop affordable housing units. The affordable monthly rent associated with each income level is used to estimate the monthly supportable debt per unit, which is then used to estimate the loan proceeds associated with that level of income. The loan amount is compared to the affordable unit development costs, and the difference is the financing gap per unit.

The financing gap per unit is then multiplied by the number of units induced within each income category to determine the total financing gap associated with the 100 prototype units. This figure is then divided by 100 to determine the housing fee per unit, but prototype type. The fee per unit is finally divided by the assumed prototype square footage to determine the fee per square foot.

Table 1.11 displays the calculation of the affordability gap and maximum justified affordable housing impact fee for new multifamily rental units and for new single family units.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 14 Table 1.11: Affordable Housing Impact Fee Calculation Extremely
Low Income
(up to 30%
AMI)
Very Low
Income (31-
50% AMI)
Low Income
(51-80% AMI)
Household Income Limit $ 40,800 $ 67,950 $ 108,850
Affordable Monthly Rent per Unit 671 1,350 2,372
Monthly Operating Expenses 1,003 1,003 1,003
Vacancy 5% 5% 5%
Net Operating Income per Unit - 279 1,251
Monthly Supportable Debt Service per Unit - 243 1,088
Loan Amount - 41,623 186,402
Affordable Unit Development Costs 822,182 822,182 822,182 Financing Gap per Affordable Unit 822,182 780,559 635,780 Fee Calculation for New Rental Units
Units Demanded 4.04 13.08 6.63
Total Financing Gap $ 3,322,069 $ 10,212,988 $ 4,216,498 Maximum Impact Fee per 100-Unit Development $ 17,751,555 Maximum Impact Fee per Unit $ 177,516
Prototype Square Feet 902
Maximum Impact Fee per Square Foot $ 197
Fee Calculation for New For Sale Single Family Units
Units Demanded 7.93 22.96 11.79
Total Financing Gap $ 6,522,386 $ 17,924,331 $ 7,498,238 Maximum Impact Fee per 100-Unit Development $ 31,944,955 Maximum Impact Fee per Unit $ 319,450
Prototype Square Feet 1,654
Maximum Impact Fee per Square Foot $ 193
Financing Terms (Identified in Saggio Hills Phase I Proforma - 5.13.25) Debt Coverage Ratio 1.15
Interest Rate 6.42%
Term of Loan 40
Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.
15 2. Commercial Linkage Fee
This chapter details an analysis of the need for affordable housing required to accommodate lower-income employees associated with nonresidential development projects within Cotati. It documents a reasonable relationship between new commercial development and a commercial linkage fee to fund affordable housing for workers employed in the new business located in that development.

Nexus Approach
Cotati is projected to reach approximately 8,200 jobs by buildout per data from its General Plan EIR and the Santero Way Specific Plan Update. This represents an increase of nearly 5,600 jobs representing an increase of over 200% compared to current estimates of primary jobs in the City.

This increase in jobs will be employed in new and expanded nonresidential buildings. The analysis in this report seeks to estimate the workers associated with different types of nonresidential development across the income spectrum. These new workers will need a new home, and some of those new homes will be in the City. Some of those workers will not be able to afford market rate housing, so the commercial linkage fees calculated in this report can mitigate this impact by funding the gap between what the new workers can afford to pay for housing and the market rate cost of housing in Cotati.

For each type of commercial development, the analysis starts with a prototype and uses state and federal employment data to estimate the number and types of jobs created there and the wages associated with those jobs. By comparing the wage data with housing costs the analysis can establish a gap in affordability and can attribute it to each type of commercial development. A more detailed description of the steps of the analysis follows.

This study calculates the maximum legal fee charged on new commercial development for affordable housing in the following steps:

1. Establish commercial prototypes representing typical commercial development in Cotati. The prototypes used in this study are not intended to represent specific development projects. Instead, they represent the types of development projects that may be built in Cotati.

2. Estimate the number of workers that will work in the new commercial space. The estimated number of workers are based on occupancy density assumptions for each type of commercial development project. The employment density assumptions density factors were multiplied by the building size (100,000 square feet) to calculate the total number of workers occupying each nonresidential prototype.

3. Estimate worker household incomes. To determine the proportion of households requiring affordable housing the analysis uses local wage data associated with the industries and occupations housed within each prototype. a. National industry data is used to identify the types of businesses that could be housed in each of the nonresidential building prototypes. The occupations that work within each industry are identified based on national occupation and industry data.
b. Local wage data is used to identify the number of worker households within each income category that are generated by each nonresidential building prototype.

4. Calculate the affordability gap. Low wage worker households cannot afford market rate housing within Cotati, so a commercial linkage fee can be calculated to bridge the gap between what low wage worker households can afford to pay for and the cost of providing that housing. The housing affordability gap is defined as the difference between City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 16 what extremely-low, very-low, and low-income, households can afford to pay for housing, and the cost to develop new, modest housing units.

5. Calculate maximum commercial linkage fee for each prototype. The maximum commercial linkage fee for each prototype is calculated by multiplying the total number of extremely-low, very-low, and low-income new worker households for each prototype (calculated in Step 3), by the corresponding affordable housing gap figure (calculated in Step 4). The total affordability gap was then divided by 100,000 SF, the size of each commercial prototype, to generate a maximum fee per square foot.

Commercial Prototypes
This study calculates commercial linkage fees for three types of nonresidential development projects. These nonresidential land use classifications correspond with the nonresidential land uses in the City’s development impact fee program. The prototypes are 100,000 square feet of commercial (retail, restaurant), 100,000 square feet of office, and 100,000 square feet of industrial development.

Table 2.1 displays prototype building sizes, and an estimate of net new workers per household.

This analysis establishes the number of worker households created in the City by each of the commercial development types. Data from the US Census was used to identify the share of workers for each prototype that would be housed within City limits. The resulting net new workers are divided by the assumption of jobs per household to determine the number of net new worker households in Cotati associated with each prototype. In Cotati there are approximately 0.95 jobs per household, as calculated from the latest 2023 American Community Survey data.

Based on the analysis below, a prototypical square foot 100,000 commercial retail/restaurant building would support the creation of 10.86 households in Cotati. A prototypical 100,000 square foot office building would support the creation of 16.70 households, and a prototypical 100,000 square foot industrial building would support the creation of 5.94 households in Cotati.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 17 Table 2.1: Net New Workers per Prototype
Commercial Office Industrial
Prototype Building Size (Sq. Ft.) 100,000 100,000 100,000 Square Feet per Employee1 472 307 862
Employees per 100,000 Sq. Ft. 212 326 116

4.87% 4.87% 4.87%
Net New Workers Living in Cotati 10.31 15.86 5.64
Jobs per Household3 0.95 0.95 0.95
Households 10.86 16.70 5.94
1 Consistent w ith City of Cotati Development Imapct Fee Nexus Study Update, 2025. 2 OnTheMap Application. Percent employed and living in Cotati.

Sources: https://onthemap.ces.census.gov/; Willdan Financial Services.

Percent of Cotati Employees
Residing Within Cotati2
3 Assumes 0.95 jobs per household in Cotati based on data from the 2023 American Community Survey and OnTheMap.ces.census.gov.

Industries
To understand what types of workers would be employed in each prototype, the next step of the analysis examines the types of industries in each prototype and what types of workers (occupations) each of those industries employs. This analysis uses the most recent available national industry data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics to identify the potential industries associated with each prototype, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code.

NAICS is the standard used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the purpose of collecting, analyzing, and publishing statistical data related to the U.S. business economy.

Table 2.2 through Table 2.4 identify the industries and NAICS codes associated with each prototype, respectively. Using the latest available data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, (Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025), the analysis then identifies the share of workers within each prototype that are associated with each industry. For example, in the commercial (retail, restaurant) prototype, approximately 38.6% of the jobs associated with that prototype are associated with the restaurant industry.

In the next step, the occupations associated with each industry will be used to estimate the wages of workers that may be employed within each prototype.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 18 Table 2.2: Definition of Industries for Retail Commercial Prototype
NAICS
Code
(2022) Description
Average
Monthly
Employment
(First Quarter,
2025)
Percent Total
Workers in
Prototype
7225 Restaurants and Other Eating Places 10,727,244 38.59% 4451 Grocery and Convenience Retailers 2,831,829 10.19% 7211 Traveler Accommodation 1,783,385 6.42%
4411 Automobile Dealers 1,288,229 4.63%
4441 Building Material and Supplies Dealers 1,174,611 4.23% 8111 Automotive Repair and Maintenance 1,025,839 3.69%
4581 Clothing and Clothing Accessories Retailers 823,595 2.96% 8121 Personal Care Services 739,184 2.66%
4413 Automotive Parts, Accessories, and Tire Retailers 592,050 2.13% 4599 Other Miscellaneous Retailers 478,621 1.72%
8129 Other Personal Services 423,656 1.52%
4491 Furniture and Home Furnishings Retailers 402,258 1.45% 7224 Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) 397,810 1.43% 4492 Electronics and Appliance Retailers 377,297 1.36%
4236 Household Appliances and Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers 374,399 1.35%
4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 369,442 1.33%
4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers 315,423 1.13% 4237 Hardware, and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 314,563 1.13%
4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers 261,447 0.94% 8123 Drycleaning and Laundry Services 256,369 0.92%
8113 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance 242,484 0.87%
4452 Specialty Food Retailers 226,586 0.82%
5321 Automotive Equipment Rental and Leasing 211,078 0.76% 4595 Used Merchandise Retailers 210,709 0.76%
5324 Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing 197,900 0.71% 5615 Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services 183,479 0.66% 4594 Office Supplies, Stationery, and Gift Retailers 181,302 0.65% 4442 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Retailers 170,410 0.61% 4453 Beer, Wine, and Liquor Retailers 168,195 0.61%
4412 Other Motor Vehicle Dealers 160,155 0.58%
4235 Metal and Mineral (except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers 134,108 0.48% 8122 Death Care Services 132,077 0.48%
5322 Consumer Goods Rental 119,162 0.43%
4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers 108,454 0.39% 8112 Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance 101,221 0.36% 8114 Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance 80,471 0.29% 4592 Book Retailers and News Dealers 66,159 0.24%
4593 Florists 56,396 0.20%
7212 RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps 50,896 0.18% 5323 General Rental Centers 28,049 0.10%
7213 Rooming and Boarding Houses, Dormitories, and Workers' Camps 9,986 0.04% Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 19 Table 2.3: Definition of Industries for Office Prototype NAICS
Code
(2022) Description
Average
Monthly
Employment
(First Quarter,
2025)
Percent
Total
Workers in
Prototype
5613 Employment Services 3,138,835 8.34%
6211 Offices of Physicians 2,962,869 7.87%
5511 Management of Companies and Enterprises 2,595,394 6.89% 5415 Computer Systems Design and Related Services 2,400,105 6.37% 5617 Services to Buildings and Dwellings 2,120,078 5.63% 5416 Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services 1,849,286 4.91% 5221 Depository Credit Intermediation 1,776,361 4.72%
5413 Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services 1,687,933 4.48% 5242 Agencies, Brokerages, and Other Insurance Related Activities 1,386,948 3.68% 6213 Offices of Other Health Practitioners 1,284,725 3.41% 5241 Insurance Carriers 1,202,350 3.19%
5411 Legal Services 1,200,663 3.19%
5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services 1,183,570 3.14% 6214 Outpatient Care Centers 1,165,010 3.09%
6212 Offices of Dentists 1,043,172 2.77%
5616 Investigation and Security Services 1,038,192 2.76% 5417 Scientific Research and Development Services 923,608 2.45% 5419 Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 872,142 2.32% 5313 Activities Related to Real Estate 834,080 2.22%
7223 Special Food Services 759,910 2.02%
5614 Business Support Services 664,872 1.77%
5311 Lessors of Real Estate 626,427 1.66%
5611 Office Administrative Services 613,260 1.63%
5171 Wired and Wireless Telecommunications (except Satellite) 545,542 1.45% 5222 Nondepository Credit Intermediation 503,299 1.34%
5182 Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services 482,724 1.28%
5418 Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services 477,967 1.27% 5231 Securities and Commodity Contracts Intermediation and Brokerage 472,166 1.25% 5312 Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers 331,477 0.88% 5121 Motion Picture and Video Industries 331,295 0.88%
5619 Other Support Services 318,484 0.85%
6215 Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories 307,225 0.82%
5612 Facilities Support Services 179,520 0.48%
5192 Web Search Portals, Libraries, Archives, and Other Information Services 178,900 0.48% 5414 Specialized Design Services 146,322 0.39%
5259 Other Investment Pools and Funds 20,942 0.06%
5122 Sound Recording Industries 19,280 0.05%
5232 Securities and Commodity Exchanges 8,362 0.02%
Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 20 Table 2.4: Definition of Industries for Industrial Prototype NAICS
Code
(2022) Description
Average
Monthly
Employment
(First Quarter,
2025)
Percent
Total
Workers in
Prototype
5613 Employment Services 3,138,835 10.61%
5511 Management of Companies and Enterprises 2,595,394 8.77% 2382 Building Equipment Contractors 2,544,049 8.60%
5617 Services to Buildings and Dwellings 2,120,078 7.16% 4931 Warehousing and Storage 1,893,475 6.40%
5616 Investigation and Security Services 1,038,192 3.51% 2381 Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors 928,207 3.14% 2361 Residential Building Construction 908,444 3.07%
2362 Nonresidential Building Construction 899,344 3.04% 2383 Building Finishing Contractors 805,719 2.72%
7223 Special Food Services 759,910 2.57%
2389 Other Specialty Trade Contractors 738,965 2.50%
5614 Business Support Services 664,872 2.25%
5611 Office Administrative Services 613,260 2.07%
2371 Utility System Construction 587,135 1.98%
3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 559,567 1.89%
5171 Wired and Wireless Telecommunications (except Satellite) 545,542 1.84% 3363 Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing 530,207 1.79%
3345 Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing 408,579 1.38%
3344 Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing 385,811 1.30% 3254 Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing 352,399 1.19% 3118 Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing 346,595 1.17%
3231 Printing and Related Support Activities 346,082 1.17% 3327 Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing 329,575 1.11%
2373 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction 328,020 1.11% 3391 Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing 326,505 1.10% 5619 Other Support Services 318,484 1.08%
3121 Beverage Manufacturing 307,237 1.04%
3399 Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing 284,426 0.96%
3329 Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 280,845 0.95% 3339 Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing 278,379 0.94% 3119 Other Food Manufacturing 271,335 0.92%
3219 Other Wood Product Manufacturing 239,070 0.81%
5621 Waste Collection 218,380 0.74%
3371 Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing 212,368 0.72%
3331 Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing 203,269 0.69% 5612 Facilities Support Services 179,520 0.61%
3359 Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing 174,431 0.59% 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing 166,943 0.56% 3115 Dairy Product Manufacturing 166,564 0.56%
3335 Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing 151,770 0.51% 3334 Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing 148,249 0.50%
2379 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 137,055 0.46% 3332 Industrial Machinery Manufacturing 130,286 0.44%
3256 Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing 113,881 0.38% 3324 Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing 97,616 0.33% 3372 Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing 96,448 0.33% 3333 Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing 86,041 0.29% 3211 Sawmills and Wood Preservation 85,510 0.29%
3321 Forging and Stamping 85,314 0.29%
3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing 80,041 0.27% 3255 Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing 65,823 0.22% 2213 Water, Sewage and Other Systems 61,508 0.21%
3326 Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing 38,422 0.13% 3141 Textile Furnishings Mills 37,955 0.13%
3369 Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 36,885 0.12% 2372 Land Subdivision 35,533 0.12%
3271 Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing 33,818 0.11% 3322 Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing 32,425 0.11%
3325 Hardware Manufacturing 22,222 0.08%
3343 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing 18,826 0.06% Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 21 Occupations and Wages
Once the analysis has established the industries of the new workers, the next step is to estimate their occupations and wages. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Industry-occupation matrix identifies the occupations associated with the industries that may be housed by each prototype in the preceding tables. For each industry NAICS code, the industry occupation matrix identifies the occupations that are employed within that industry by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) code. The SOC system is used by federal agencies to classify workers into occupational categories for the purpose of collecting, calculating, or disseminating data. All workers can be classified into one of 867 detailed occupations. To facilitate classification, detailed occupations are combined to form 459 broad occupations, 98 minor groups, and 23 major groups.

The analysis cross referenced local wage data for Sonoma County provided by the California Employment Development Department (CA EDD) by SOC code with the identified occupations to estimate the average wages of each occupation associated with each prototype. Appendix Tables A.1 through A.3 identify several figures related to the occupations within each prototype:

1. Percent of total: The percentage of employees within each prototype by occupation.

2. Average annual wage: The average annual wage for a particular occupation. Based on local Sonoma County data where available. State of California data is used when Sonoma County data is unavailable.

3. Household income: Average annual wages are multiplied by 0.95 jobs per household to estimate the average household income associated with each occupation.

4. Net New Cotati Households: Percent of total jobs within each prototype multiplied by net new Cotati households from Table 2.1
Note that the occupations are listed because they are associated with an industry in the national data. This does not mean to imply that each occupation listed in these tables will be found in Cotati.

Worker Households by Income Category
Table 2.5 summarizes the number of new employee households living in Cotati by income category. The “Net New Cotati Households” column in Appendix Tables A.1 through A.3 is sorted by income category to identify the number of worker households employed within each prototype whose household income falls within each income category (See Table 1.1). The worker households that fall into moderate or lower median income categories drive the calculation of the commercial linkage fee for each prototype.

Table 2.5: Number of Worker Households by Income Category Commercial Office Industrial
Extremely Low 40,800 3.388 0.389 0.239
Very Low Income 67,950 6.105 6.319 3.188
Low Income 108,850 0.868 4.811 1.647
Moderate Income 142,550 0.413 2.323 0.571
Above Moderate 0.083 2.853 0.296
Sources: Tables 1.1, Appendix Tables A.1 - A.3.
3 Person
Household
Income
Limits
Number of Employee Households
City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 22 Affordability Gap
The affordability gap analysis from Table 1.11 in Chapter 2 is also used in the calculation of the commercial linkage fee. The net new Cotati units demanded for each prototype are multiplied by the financing gap per affordable unit and summarized across all income levels to determine the total financing gap per prototype.

Table 2.6: Financing Gap per Prototype
Extremely
Low Income
(up to 30%
AMI)
Very Low
Income (31-
50% AMI)
Low Income
(51-80% AMI) Total
Financing Gap per Affordable Unit $ 822,182 $ 780,559 $ 635,780 Commercial Prototype
Units Demanded 3.388 6.105 0.868 10.361
Total Financing Gap $ 2,785,712 $ 4,765,223 $ 552,010 $ 8,102,946 Office Prototype
Units Demanded 0.389 6.319 4.811 11.520
Total Financing Gap $ 319,886 $ 4,932,448 $ 3,058,956 $ 8,311,291 Industrial Prototype
Units Demanded 0.239 3.188 1.647 5.075
Total Financing Gap $ 196,843 $ 2,488,481 $ 1,047,241 $ 3,732,565 Sources: Tables 1.11 and 2.5.

Maximum Justified Commercial Linkage Fee
Schedule
The affordability gap from Table 2.6 is divided by the square footage of each prototype to determine the maximum justified commercial linkage fee per square foot for each land use category. The fee schedule is shown below in Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Maximum Justified Commercial Linkage Fee
Schedule
Land Use
Affordability Gap
for All New Worker
Households
Size of
Prototype
(Sq. Ft.)
Maximum
Fee per Sq.

Ft.

Commercial $ 8,102,946 100,000 $ 81
Office 8,311,291 100,000 83
Industrial 3,732,565 100,000 37
Source: Table 2.6.

3. Appendix
City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 24 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
11-1011 Chief executives 0.0340% $ 255,817 243,026 0.00369 11-1021 General and operations managers 2.6831% 140,080 133,076 0.29132 11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers 0.0017% 188,685 179,251 0.00019 11-2021 Marketing managers 0.0808% 170,534 162,007 0.00877 11-2022 Sales managers 0.4522% 131,494 124,919 0.04910
11-2032 Public relations managers 0.0045% 146,456 139,133 0.00049 11-2033 Fundraising managers 0.0003% 148,361 140,943 0.00004 11-3012 Administrative services managers 0.0443% 117,804 111,914 0.00481 11-3013 Facilities managers 0.0419% 114,769 109,031 0.00455 11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 0.0450% 185,853 176,560 0.00489 11-3031 Financial managers 0.1268% 175,403 166,633 0.01377 11-3051 Industrial production managers 0.0309% 149,522 142,046 0.00336 11-3061 Purchasing managers 0.0189% 158,342 150,425 0.00205 11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 0.0948% 120,799 114,759 0.01030 11-3111 Compensation and benefits managers 0.0007% 137,839 130,947 0.00007 11-3121 Human resources managers 0.0299% 169,648 161,166 0.00325 11-3131 Training and development managers 0.0034% 134,030 127,329 0.00037 11-9013 Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers 0.0003% 134,101 127,396 0.00004 11-9021 Construction managers 0.0086% 123,406 117,236 0.00093 11-9041 Architectural and engineering managers 0.0127% 192,250 182,638 0.00138 11-9051 Food service managers 0.7196% 87,798 83,408 0.07813 11-9071 Gambling managers 0.0045% 124,221 118,010 0.00049 11-9072 Entertainment and recreation managers, except gambling 0.0096% 111,052 105,499 0.00104 11-9081 Lodging managers 0.1289% 89,530 85,054 0.01399
11-9111 Medical and health services managers 0.0021% 164,474 156,250 0.00022 11-9141 Property, real estate, and community association managers 0.0048% 91,811 87,220 0.00052 11-9151 Social and community service managers 0.0007% 94,378 89,659 0.00007 11-9171 Funeral home managers 0.0454% 90,660 86,127 0.00492 11-9179 Personal service managers, all other 0.0155% 77,796 73,906 0.00168 11-9199 Managers, all other 0.1024% 164,372 156,153 0.01112 13-1020 Buyers and purchasing agents 0.2251% 86,688 82,354 0.02444 13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 0.0014% 94,072 89,368 0.00015 13-1032 Insurance appraisers, auto damage 0.0007% 83,408 79,238 0.00007 13-1041 Compliance officers 0.0168% 94,521 89,795 0.00183 13-1051 Cost estimators 0.1416% 101,274 96,210 0.01537
13-1071 Human resources specialists 0.1337% 87,859 83,466 0.01451 13-1075 Labor relations specialists 0.0007% 123,773 117,584 0.00007 13-1081 Logisticians 0.0388% 88,929 84,483 0.00422
13-1082 Project management specialists 0.1227% 118,915 112,969 0.01332 13-1111 Management analysts 0.0254% 108,902 103,457 0.00276 13-1121 Meeting, convention, and event planners 0.0972% 65,940 62,643 0.01056 13-1131 Fundraisers 0.0052% 84,132 79,925 0.00056
13-1141 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 0.0034% 90,477 85,953 0.00037 13-1151 Training and development specialists 0.1859% 76,085 72,281 0.02018 13-1161 Market research analysts and marketing specialists 0.2151% 88,562 84,134 0.02336 13-1199 Business operations specialists, all other 0.1354% 88,654 84,221 0.01470 13-2011 Accountants and auditors 0.2594% 101,141 96,084 0.02817 13-2020 Property appraisers and assessors 0.0014% 103,260 98,097 0.00015 13-2031 Budget analysts 0.0010% 116,358 110,540 0.00011 13-2041 Credit analysts 0.0096% 95,264 90,501 0.00104
13-2051 Financial and investment analysts 0.0117% 131,249 124,687 0.00127 13-2052 Personal financial advisors 0.0007% 173,641 164,959 0.00007 13-2054 Financial risk specialists 0.0010% 128,968 122,520 0.00011 13-2071 Credit counselors 0.0007% 70,096 66,591 0.00007 13-2072 Loan officers 0.0399% 96,629 91,798 0.00433
13-2099 Financial specialists, all other 0.0220% 106,356 101,038 0.00239 15-1211 Computer systems analysts 0.0182% 136,553 129,725 0.00198 15-1212 Information security analysts 0.0045% 156,788 148,949 0.00049 15-1231 Computer network support specialists 0.0155% 91,367 86,799 0.00168 15-1232 Computer user support specialists 0.1045% 83,931 79,734 0.01134 15-1241 Computer network architects 0.0069% 154,087 146,383 0.00075 15-1242 Database administrators 0.0048% 122,296 116,181 0.00052 15-1243 Database architects 0.0021% 167,245 158,883 0.00022 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 25 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
15-1244 Network and computer systems administrators 0.0326% 117,612 111,731 0.00354 15-1251 Computer programmers 0.0065% 123,323 117,157 0.00071 15-1252 Software developers 0.0856% 190,798 181,258 0.00929 15-1253 Software quality assurance analysts and testers 0.0089% 133,790 127,101 0.00097 15-1254 Web developers 0.0103% 126,240 119,928 0.00112
15-1255 Web and digital interface designers 0.0192% 145,459 138,186 0.00209 15-1299 Computer occupations, all other 0.0285% 140,015 133,014 0.00310 15-2031 Operations research analysts 0.0038% 111,161 105,603 0.00041 15-2051 Data scientists 0.0107% 159,675 151,691 0.00116 17-1012 Landscape architects 0.0010% 114,469 108,746 0.00011 17-2031 Bioengineers and biomedical engineers 0.0007% 131,078 124,524 0.00007 17-2051 Civil engineers 0.0041% 125,367 119,099 0.00045 17-2061 Computer hardware engineers 0.0017% 188,333 178,916 0.00019 17-2071 Electrical engineers 0.0162% 152,423 144,802 0.00175 17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer 0.0093% 162,232 154,120 0.00101 17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors0.0010% 127,278 120,914 0.00011 17-2112 Industrial engineers 0.0230% 130,739 124,202 0.00250 17-2131 Materials engineers 0.0010% 134,642 127,910 0.00011 17-2141 Mechanical engineers 0.0278% 134,694 127,959 0.00302 17-2199 Engineers, all other 0.0107% 141,031 133,979 0.00116 17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters 0.0038% 80,890 76,846 0.00041 17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters 0.0021% 87,269 82,906 0.00022 17-3013 Mechanical drafters 0.0045% 88,902 84,457 0.00049 17-3019 Drafters, all other 0.0034% 78,220 74,309 0.00037 17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians 0.0058% 93,021 88,370 0.00063 17-3024 Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians 0.0017% 91,727 87,141 0.00019 17-3026 Industrial engineering technologists and technicians 0.0024% 83,951 79,753 0.00026 17-3027 Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians 0.0038% 90,104 85,599 0.00041 17-3028 Calibration technologists and technicians 0.0031% 76,771 72,932 0.00034 17-3029 Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, all other 0.0017% 90,155 85,647 0.00019 19-1012 Food scientists and technologists 0.0003% 94,315 89,599 0.00004 19-1013 Soil and plant scientists 0.0007% 94,151 89,443 0.00007 19-4012 Agricultural technicians 0.0003% 57,563 54,685 0.00004 19-4031 Chemical technicians 0.0003% 63,500 60,325 0.00004 19-5011 Occupational health and safety specialists 0.0096% 108,275 102,861 0.00104 19-5012 Occupational health and safety technicians 0.0014% 68,841 65,399 0.00015 21-1012 Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors 0.0007% 99,061 94,108 0.00007 21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors 0.0007% 50,866 48,323 0.00007 21-1019 Counselors, all other 0.0010% 56,238 53,426 0.00011 21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers 0.0007% 75,138 71,381 0.00007 21-1093 Social and human service assistants 0.0014% 56,515 53,689 0.00015 21-1099 Community and social service specialists, all other 0.0024% 64,394 61,174 0.00026 23-1011 Lawyers 0.0048% 261,078 248,024 0.00052
23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants 0.0007% 79,010 75,060 0.00007 23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 0.0055% 83,027 78,876 0.00060 23-2099 Legal support workers, all other 0.0017% 91,809 87,219 0.00019 25-3021 Self-enrichment teachers 0.0120% 61,590 58,511 0.00131 25-3099 Teachers and instructors, all other 0.0003% 92,692 88,057 0.00004 25-9031 Instructional coordinators 0.0003% 104,217 99,006 0.00004 27-1011 Art directors 0.0100% 154,344 146,627 0.00108
27-1012 Craft artists 0.0014% 88,430 84,009 0.00015
27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators 0.0021% 156,295 148,480 0.00022 27-1019 Artists and related workers, all other 0.0041% 89,549 85,072 0.00045 27-1021 Commercial and industrial designers 0.0134% 106,220 100,909 0.00146 27-1023 Floral designers 0.1210% 49,284 46,820 0.01313
27-1024 Graphic designers 0.0426% 94,254 89,541 0.00463 27-1025 Interior designers 0.0474% 87,978 83,579 0.00515 27-1026 Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 0.1962% 45,617 43,336 0.02130 27-1029 Designers, all other 0.0021% 98,753 93,815 0.00022 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 26 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
27-2012 Producers and directors 0.0031% 165,848 157,556 0.00034 27-2022 Coaches and scouts 0.0024% 64,558 61,330 0.00026 27-3031 Public relations specialists 0.0392% 95,096 90,341 0.00425 27-3041 Editors 0.0014% 106,703 101,368 0.00015
27-3042 Technical writers 0.0014% 110,175 104,666 0.00015 27-3043 Writers and authors 0.0038% 99,513 94,537 0.00041 27-3099 Media and communication workers, all other 0.0003% 104,854 99,611 0.00004 27-4011 Audio and video technicians 0.0533% 74,820 71,079 0.00578 27-4014 Sound engineering technicians 0.0007% 93,648 88,966 0.00007 27-4015 Lighting technicians 0.0024% 84,331 80,114 0.00026 27-4021 Photographers 0.0117% 78,302 74,387 0.00127
27-4031 Camera operators, television, video, and film 0.0003% 101,783 96,694 0.00004 27-4032 Film and video editors 0.0007% 101,742 96,655 0.00007 27-4099 Media and communication equipment workers, all other 0.0007% 76,894 73,049 0.00007 29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists 0.0268% 96,955 92,107 0.00291 29-1051 Pharmacists 0.0856% 166,516 158,190 0.00929
29-1071 Physician assistants 0.0014% 166,382 158,063 0.00015 29-1126 Respiratory therapists 0.0055% 109,692 104,207 0.00060 29-1131 Veterinarians 0.0052% 172,853 164,210 0.00056
29-1141 Registered nurses 0.0107% 152,361 144,743 0.00116 29-1171 Nurse practitioners 0.0072% 177,897 169,002 0.00078 29-1213 Dermatologists 0.0003% 321,835 305,743 0.00004
29-1229 Physicians, all other 0.0003% 221,572 210,493 0.00004 29-1291 Acupuncturists 0.0017% 91,347 86,780 0.00019
29-2042 Emergency medical technicians 0.0003% 53,239 50,577 0.00004 29-2051 Dietetic technicians 0.0017% 48,031 45,629 0.00019 29-2052 Pharmacy technicians 0.1498% 57,799 54,909 0.01627 29-2056 Veterinary technologists and technicians 0.0069% 58,529 55,603 0.00075 29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 0.0017% 81,239 77,177 0.00019 29-2099 Health technologists and technicians, all other 0.0003% 65,883 62,589 0.00004 31-1120 Home health and personal care aides 0.0186% 37,188 35,329 0.00201 31-9011 Massage therapists 0.2069% 61,778 58,689 0.02246 31-9092 Medical assistants 0.0021% 54,270 51,557 0.00022 31-9093 Medical equipment preparers 0.0010% 66,663 63,330 0.00011 31-9095 Pharmacy aides 0.0134% 52,203 49,593 0.00146
31-9096 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 0.0110% 47,822 45,431 0.00119 31-9099 Healthcare support workers, all other 0.0052% 59,145 56,188 0.00056 33-1091 First-line supervisors of security workers 0.0175% 68,113 64,707 0.00190 33-1099 First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other 0.0021% 87,694 83,309 0.00022 33-3041 Parking enforcement workers 0.0007% 70,448 66,926 0.00007 33-9011 Animal control workers 0.0014% 65,501 62,226 0.00015 33-9021 Private detectives and investigators 0.0034% 69,049 65,597 0.00037 33-9031 Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators 0.0076% 48,439 46,017 0.00082 33-9032 Security guards 0.2509% 47,277 44,913 0.02724
33-9091 Crossing guards and flaggers 0.0045% 58,096 55,191 0.00049 33-9092 Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers 0.0241% 46,290 43,976 0.00261 33-9099 Protective service workers, all other 0.0096% 48,347 45,930 0.00104 35-1011 Chefs and head cooks 0.4965% 73,379 69,710 0.05391 35-1012 First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers 3.5961% 51,586 49,007 0.39045 35-2011 Cooks, fast food 2.2491% 39,512 37,536 0.24419
35-2012 Cooks, institution and cafeteria 0.3048% 48,398 45,978 0.03309 35-2014 Cooks, restaurant 4.6875% 45,498 43,223 0.50895 35-2015 Cooks, short order 0.4601% 42,207 40,097 0.04996 35-2019 Cooks, all other 0.0505% 42,958 40,810 0.00548
35-2021 Food preparation workers 2.4157% 41,662 39,579 0.26229 35-3011 Bartenders 2.0432% 47,051 44,698 0.22185
35-3023 Fast food and counter workers 11.8904% 40,572 38,543 1.29100 35-3031 Waiters and waitresses 7.2830% 45,508 43,233 0.79075 35-3041 Food servers, nonrestaurant 0.2141% 43,945 41,748 0.02324 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 27 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
35-9011 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 1.4914% 41,631 39,549 0.16193 35-9021 Dishwashers 1.4233% 40,345 38,328 0.15454
35-9031 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 1.3921% 40,510 38,485 0.15114 35-9099 Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 0.2512% 42,135 40,028 0.02727 37-1011 First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers 0.1498% 62,714 59,578 0.01627 37-1012 First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers 0.0134% 66,827 63,486 0.00146 37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners 0.6436% 44,007 41,807 0.06988 37-2012 Maids and housekeeping cleaners 1.4969% 46,382 44,063 0.16252 37-2019 Building cleaning workers, all other 0.0052% 45,333 43,066 0.00056 37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 0.1457% 47,431 45,059 0.01582 37-3012 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 0.0021% 50,537 48,010 0.00022 37-3019 Grounds maintenance workers, all other 0.0041% 50,352 47,834 0.00045 39-1013 First-line supervisors of gambling services workers 0.0354% 68,864 65,421 0.00384 39-1014 First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except gambling services 0.0213% 58,086 55,182 0.00231 39-1022 First-line supervisors of personal service workers 0.1464% 56,286 53,472 0.01589 39-2011 Animal trainers 0.0436% 58,415 55,494 0.00474
39-2021 Animal caretakers 0.6302% 41,456 39,383 0.06843 39-3011 Gambling dealers 0.1199% 42,289 40,175 0.01302
39-3012 Gambling and sports book writers and runners 0.0034% 41,322 39,256 0.00037 39-3019 Gambling service workers, all other 0.0093% 44,881 42,637 0.00101 39-3031 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 0.0175% 38,823 36,882 0.00190 39-3091 Amusement and recreation attendants 0.0794% 38,504 36,579 0.00862 39-3092 Costume attendants 0.0014% 88,970 84,522 0.00015 39-3093 Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 0.0199% 46,835 44,493 0.00216 39-3099 Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other 0.0021% 40,808 38,768 0.00022 39-4011 Embalmers 0.0117% 64,863 61,620 0.00127
39-4012 Crematory operators 0.0096% 53,859 51,166 0.00104 39-4021 Funeral attendants 0.1055% 44,079 41,875 0.01145 39-4031 Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers 0.0883% 54,815 52,074 0.00959 39-5011 Barbers 0.0625% 46,773 44,434 0.00679
39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 0.9223% 50,948 48,401 0.10014 39-5092 Manicurists and pedicurists 0.5148% 38,587 36,658 0.05589 39-5093 Shampooers 0.0306% 36,653 34,820 0.00332
39-5094 Skincare specialists 0.1897% 48,347 45,930 0.02060 39-6011 Baggage porters and bellhops 0.0660% 42,135 40,028 0.00716 39-6012 Concierges 0.0436% 47,750 45,363 0.00474
39-7010 Tour and travel guides 0.0347% 48,069 45,666 0.00377 39-9011 Childcare workers 0.0007% 42,433 40,311 0.00007 39-9031 Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors 0.0440% 64,082 60,878 0.00478 39-9032 Recreation workers 0.0354% 43,019 40,868 0.00384 39-9099 Personal care and service workers, all other 0.0677% 44,634 42,402 0.00735 41-1011 First-line supervisors of retail sales workers 2.1044% 57,578 54,699 0.22849 41-1012 First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers 0.1732% 96,985 92,136 0.01880 41-2011 Cashiers 5.6095% 39,622 37,641 0.60905
41-2012 Gambling change persons and booth cashiers 0.0165% 41,412 39,341 0.00179 41-2021 Counter and rental clerks 0.8044% 48,620 46,189 0.08734 41-2022 Parts salespersons 0.8154% 48,079 45,675 0.08854 41-2031 Retail salespersons 7.3785% 43,835 41,643 0.80112 41-3011 Advertising sales agents 0.0010% 76,954 73,106 0.00011 41-3021 Insurance sales agents 0.0024% 93,683 88,999 0.00026 41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 0.0058% 108,560 103,132 0.00063 41-3041 Travel agents 0.1632% 55,880 53,086 0.01772
41-3091 Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel 0.6776% 96,116 91,310 0.07358 41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products 0.0739% 131,986 125,387 0.00802 41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products 1.2034% 87,987 83,588 0.13066 41-9011 Demonstrators and product promoters 0.0333% 51,013 48,462 0.00362 41-9022 Real estate sales agents 0.0014% 77,936 74,039 0.00015 41-9031 Sales engineers 0.0196% 146,137 138,830 0.00213 41-9041 Telemarketers 0.0038% 41,892 39,797 0.00041
Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 28 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
41-9099 Sales and related workers, all other 0.1014% 68,570 65,142 0.01101 43-1011 First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers 0.5924% 80,558 76,530 0.06432 43-2011 Switchboard operators, including answering service 0.0110% 55,888 53,094 0.00119 43-2021 Telephone operators 0.0017% 58,646 55,714 0.00019 43-3011 Bill and account collectors 0.0196% 59,893 56,898 0.00213 43-3021 Billing and posting clerks 0.0581% 57,635 54,753 0.00631 43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 0.7233% 60,965 57,917 0.07854 43-3041 Gambling cage workers 0.0134% 43,068 40,915 0.00146 43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks 0.0395% 65,389 62,120 0.00429 43-3061 Procurement clerks 0.0271% 57,257 54,394 0.00295 43-3099 Financial clerks, all other 0.0034% 63,294 60,129 0.00037 43-4021 Correspondence clerks 0.0007% 59,310 56,345 0.00007 43-4031 Court, municipal, and license clerks 0.0003% 67,564 64,186 0.00004 43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 0.0082% 53,927 51,231 0.00090 43-4051 Customer service representatives 1.3735% 54,233 51,521 0.14913 43-4071 File clerks 0.0120% 51,026 48,475 0.00131
43-4081 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 0.8543% 43,191 41,031 0.09275 43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks 0.0024% 59,116 56,160 0.00026 43-4151 Order clerks 0.0763% 50,300 47,785 0.00828
43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 0.0168% 59,617 56,636 0.00183 43-4171 Receptionists and information clerks 0.4821% 45,949 43,652 0.05235 43-4181 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 0.0780% 49,228 46,767 0.00847 43-4199 Information and record clerks, all other 0.0162% 59,903 56,908 0.00175 43-5011 Cargo and freight agents 0.0007% 60,781 57,742 0.00007 43-5021 Couriers and messengers 0.0055% 46,194 43,884 0.00060 43-5032 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 0.0715% 56,746 53,909 0.00776 43-5061 Production, planning, and expediting clerks 0.1048% 67,248 63,886 0.01138 43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks 0.7175% 47,593 45,213 0.07790 43-5111 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 0.0261% 49,115 46,659 0.00284 43-6011 Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants 0.0601% 92,847 88,205 0.00653 43-6013 Medical secretaries and administrative assistants 0.0038% 55,592 52,812 0.00041 43-6014 Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive 0.4392% 57,329 54,463 0.04768 43-9021 Data entry keyers 0.0275% 48,227 45,816 0.00298 43-9041 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 0.0021% 58,299 55,384 0.00022 43-9051 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 0.0017% 47,655 45,272 0.00019 43-9061 Office clerks, general 1.0044% 52,262 49,649 0.10906 43-9071 Office machine operators, except computer 0.0024% 48,789 46,350 0.00026 43-9199 Office and administrative support workers, all other 0.0399% 59,075 56,121 0.00433 45-1011 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 0.0034% 64,234 61,022 0.00037 45-2041 Graders and sorters, agricultural products 0.0003% 38,386 36,467 0.00004 45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators 0.0017% 44,676 42,442 0.00019 45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 0.0660% 39,570 37,592 0.00716 45-2093 Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals 0.0045% 40,960 38,912 0.00049 45-2099 Agricultural workers, all other 0.0007% 57,193 54,333 0.00007 47-1011 First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers 0.0309% 104,988 99,739 0.00336 47-2011 Boilermakers 0.0021% 111,607 106,027 0.00022
47-2021 Brickmasons and blockmasons 0.0010% 74,538 70,811 0.00011 47-2022 Stonemasons 0.0003% 68,053 64,650 0.00004
47-2031 Carpenters 0.0550% 79,963 75,965 0.00597
47-2041 Carpet installers 0.0172% 56,905 54,060 0.00187 47-2042 Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 0.0096% 74,250 70,538 0.00104 47-2043 Floor sanders and finishers 0.0003% 60,528 57,502 0.00004 47-2044 Tile and stone setters 0.0045% 62,361 59,243 0.00049 47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers 0.0017% 74,559 70,831 0.00019 47-2061 Construction laborers 0.0326% 68,084 64,680 0.00354 47-2071 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 0.0003% 92,656 88,023 0.00004 47-2073 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 0.0337% 96,434 91,612 0.00366 47-2111 Electricians 0.0203% 88,301 83,886 0.00220
47-2121 Glaziers 0.0316% 78,213 74,302 0.00343
Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 29 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
47-2131 Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 0.0003% 52,962 50,314 0.00004 47-2141 Painters, construction and maintenance 0.0124% 62,865 59,722 0.00134 47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 0.0175% 80,653 76,620 0.00190 47-2171 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 0.0010% 70,575 67,046 0.00011 47-2211 Sheet metal workers 0.0031% 89,073 84,619 0.00034 47-2221 Structural iron and steel workers 0.0027% 77,874 73,980 0.00030 47-2231 Solar photovoltaic installers 0.0014% 68,393 64,973 0.00015 47-3011 Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters 0.0003% 56,431 53,609 0.00004 47-3012 Helpers--carpenters 0.0007% 52,437 49,815 0.00007 47-3019 Helpers, construction trades, all other 0.0038% 51,274 48,710 0.00041 47-4011 Construction and building inspectors 0.0017% 106,542 101,215 0.00019 47-4021 Elevator and escalator installers and repairers 0.0007% 128,201 121,791 0.00007 47-4031 Fence erectors 0.0007% 62,855 59,712 0.00007
47-4090 Miscellaneous construction and related workers 0.0034% 73,777 70,088 0.00037 47-5013 Service unit operators, oil and gas 0.0055% 73,571 69,892 0.00060 47-5022 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining 0.0003% 83,103 78,948 0.00004 47-5071 Roustabouts, oil and gas 0.0041% 57,698 54,813 0.00045 49-1011 First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 0.5381% 98,794 93,854 0.05843 49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 0.1326% 53,833 51,141 0.01440 49-2021 Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers 0.0089% 82,260 78,147 0.00097 49-2022 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers0.0316% 79,774 75,785 0.00343 49-2091 Avionics technicians 0.0007% 93,567 88,889 0.00007 49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 0.0323% 68,426 65,005 0.00351 49-2093 Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 0.0024% 93,002 88,352 0.00026 49-2094 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 0.0340% 83,913 79,717 0.00369 49-2095 Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay 0.0034% 118,943 112,996 0.00037 49-2096 Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 0.0254% 58,578 55,649 0.00276 49-2097 Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers 0.0419% 70,337 66,820 0.00455 49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers 0.0165% 73,613 69,932 0.00179 49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 0.0021% 88,062 83,659 0.00022 49-3021 Automotive body and related repairers 0.4945% 68,622 65,191 0.05369 49-3022 Automotive glass installers and repairers 0.0584% 51,851 49,258 0.00634 49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics 1.9934% 66,516 63,190 0.21644 49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 0.3014% 72,247 68,635 0.03272 49-3041 Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians 0.0110% 58,116 55,210 0.00119 49-3042 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 0.1175% 85,392 81,122 0.01276 49-3051 Motorboat mechanics and service technicians 0.0491% 66,588 63,259 0.00534 49-3052 Motorcycle mechanics 0.0450% 59,862 56,869 0.00489 49-3053 Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 0.0615% 54,799 52,059 0.00668 49-3091 Bicycle repairers 0.0052% 48,781 46,342 0.00056 49-3092 Recreational vehicle service technicians 0.0594% 58,290 55,376 0.00645 49-3093 Tire repairers and changers 0.3182% 45,741 43,454 0.03455 49-9011 Mechanical door repairers 0.0213% 60,457 57,434 0.00231 49-9012 Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 0.0096% 96,463 91,640 0.00104 49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 0.0811% 76,478 72,654 0.00881 49-9031 Home appliance repairers 0.0883% 57,130 54,274 0.00959 49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics 0.2237% 77,720 73,834 0.02429 49-9043 Maintenance workers, machinery 0.0124% 70,265 66,752 0.00134 49-9044 Millwrights 0.0131% 86,460 82,137 0.00142
49-9061 Camera and photographic equipment repairers 0.0007% 65,027 61,776 0.00007 49-9062 Medical equipment repairers 0.0574% 80,647 76,615 0.00623 49-9063 Musical instrument repairers and tuners 0.0034% 48,935 46,488 0.00037 49-9064 Watch and clock repairers 0.0007% 68,991 65,541 0.00007 49-9069 Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 0.0086% 77,618 73,737 0.00093 49-9071 Maintenance and repair workers, general 0.6921% 60,868 57,825 0.07514 49-9081 Wind turbine service technicians 0.0065% 87,939 83,542 0.00071 49-9091 Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 0.0395% 54,203 51,493 0.00429 49-9094 Locksmiths and safe repairers 0.0014% 67,574 64,195 0.00015 49-9095 Manufactured building and mobile home installers 0.0038% 54,388 51,669 0.00041 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 30 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
49-9096 Riggers 0.0082% 88,822 84,381 0.00090
49-9098 Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 0.1055% 45,803 43,513 0.01145 49-9099 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 0.1344% 58,321 55,405 0.01459 51-1011 First-line supervisors of production and operating workers 0.2251% 82,652 78,519 0.02444 51-2021 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 0.0024% 44,691 42,456 0.00026 51-2028 Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers 0.0206% 52,017 49,416 0.00224 51-2031 Engine and other machine assemblers 0.0003% 55,362 52,594 0.00004 51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters 0.0038% 58,747 55,810 0.00041 51-2051 Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 0.0031% 56,295 53,480 0.00034 51-2090 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators 0.1983% 49,944 47,447 0.02153 51-3011 Bakers 0.4319% 43,665 41,482 0.04690
51-3021 Butchers and meat cutters 0.3680% 47,051 44,698 0.03996 51-3022 Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 0.0584% 40,618 38,587 0.00634 51-3023 Slaughterers and meat packers 0.0069% 42,660 40,527 0.00075 51-3091 Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 0.0055% 47,051 44,698 0.00060 51-3092 Food batchmakers 0.0371% 44,127 41,921 0.00403
51-3093 Food cooking machine operators and tenders 0.0086% 47,462 45,089 0.00093 51-3099 Food processing workers, all other 0.0165% 42,875 40,731 0.00179 51-4021 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0027% 47,790 45,401 0.00030 51-4023 Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0027% 55,690 52,906 0.00030 51-4031 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0351% 50,960 48,412 0.00381 51-4033 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0010% 49,144 46,687 0.00011 51-4034 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0007% 53,330 50,664 0.00007 51-4035 Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic0.0017% 58,675 55,741 0.00019 51-4041 Machinists 0.0433% 61,610 58,530 0.00470
51-4051 Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 0.0007% 60,656 57,623 0.00007 51-4072 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0017% 48,518 46,092 0.00019 51-4081 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0107% 48,570 46,142 0.00116 51-4111 Tool and die makers 0.0010% 77,564 73,686 0.00011 51-4121 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 0.1089% 63,590 60,411 0.01183 51-4122 Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0045% 54,736 51,999 0.00049 51-4191 Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0017% 53,782 51,093 0.00019 51-4194 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 0.0014% 53,597 50,917 0.00015 51-4199 Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 0.0031% 49,370 46,902 0.00034 51-5112 Printing press operators 0.0069% 50,498 47,973 0.00075 51-6011 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 0.4728% 39,818 37,827 0.05134 51-6021 Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 0.0838% 40,321 38,305 0.00910 51-6031 Sewing machine operators 0.0344% 40,967 38,919 0.00373 51-6041 Shoe and leather workers and repairers 0.0024% 39,172 37,213 0.00026 51-6051 Sewers, hand 0.0017% 40,228 38,217 0.00019
51-6052 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 0.0351% 53,741 51,054 0.00381 51-6062 Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0014% 42,537 40,410 0.00015 51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers 0.0003% 75,101 71,346 0.00004 51-6093 Upholsterers 0.0210% 50,847 48,305 0.00228
51-6099 Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 0.0034% 40,947 38,900 0.00037 51-7011 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 0.0079% 53,125 50,469 0.00086 51-7021 Furniture finishers 0.0086% 49,985 47,486 0.00093 51-7041 Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 0.0144% 47,379 45,010 0.00157 51-7042 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 0.0107% 46,456 44,133 0.00116 51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators 0.0120% 84,089 79,885 0.00131 51-8031 Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators 0.0017% 88,747 84,310 0.00019 51-9012 Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0186% 64,216 61,005 0.00201 51-9021 Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0038% 51,689 49,105 0.00041 51-9022 Grinding and polishing workers, hand 0.0017% 46,148 43,841 0.00019 51-9023 Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0041% 55,577 52,798 0.00045 51-9031 Cutters and trimmers, hand 0.0003% 41,285 39,221 0.00004 51-9032 Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0079% 47,349 44,982 0.00086 51-9041 Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0017% 51,042 48,490 0.00019 51-9051 Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 0.0017% 49,001 46,551 0.00019 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 31 Appendix Table A.1: Occupation Mix and Averages for Commercial Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 0.1131% 59,076 56,122 0.01227 51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 0.0144% 62,277 59,163 0.00157 51-9111 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 0.0165% 46,784 44,445 0.00179 51-9123 Painting, coating, and decorating workers 0.0010% 51,473 48,899 0.00011 51-9124 Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.1206% 60,758 57,720 0.01310 51-9151 Photographic process workers and processing machine operators 0.0031% 52,376 49,757 0.00034 51-9161 Computer numerically controlled tool operators 0.0103% 58,491 55,566 0.00112 51-9162 Computer numerically controlled tool programmers 0.0014% 86,531 82,204 0.00015 51-9192 Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders 0.0010% 46,056 43,753 0.00011 51-9194 Etchers and engravers 0.0086% 47,995 45,595 0.00093 51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 0.0038% 53,186 50,527 0.00041 51-9197 Tire builders 0.0027% 43,296 41,131 0.00030
51-9198 Helpers--production workers 0.0299% 46,620 44,289 0.00325 51-9199 Production workers, all other 0.0392% 47,821 45,430 0.00425 53-1047 First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo handling supervisors 0.6003% 70,124 66,618 0.06518 53-2012 Commercial pilots 0.0007% 173,037 164,385 0.00007 53-3031 Driver/sales workers 0.8704% 49,239 46,777 0.09451 53-3032 Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers 0.5450% 61,960 58,862 0.05917 53-3033 Light truck drivers 0.9653% 52,363 49,745 0.10480 53-3052 Bus drivers, transit and intercity 0.0058% 67,051 63,698 0.00063 53-3053 Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs 0.1457% 45,193 42,933 0.01582 53-3099 Motor vehicle operators, all other 0.0691% 50,304 47,789 0.00750 53-5011 Sailors and marine oilers 0.0017% 58,048 55,146 0.00019 53-5021 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 0.0031% 99,297 94,332 0.00034 53-5022 Motorboat operators 0.0007% 86,175 81,866 0.00007 53-6021 Parking attendants 0.3591% 40,225 38,214 0.03899 53-6031 Automotive and watercraft service attendants 0.2371% 43,267 41,104 0.02574 53-6051 Transportation inspectors 0.0076% 87,650 83,268 0.00082 53-6099 Transportation workers, all other 0.0024% 51,000 48,450 0.00026 53-7011 Conveyor operators and tenders 0.0014% 44,936 42,689 0.00015 53-7021 Crane and tower operators 0.0189% 82,918 78,772 0.00205 53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators 0.1969% 51,912 49,316 0.02138 53-7061 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 0.9319% 41,034 38,982 0.10118 53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 1.5766% 45,346 43,079 0.17118 53-7063 Machine feeders and offbearers 0.0065% 43,380 41,211 0.00071 53-7064 Packers and packagers, hand 0.4426% 40,522 38,496 0.04806 53-7065 Stockers and order fillers 3.3198% 44,199 41,989 0.36045 53-7072 Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 0.0017% 56,552 53,724 0.00019 53-7081 Refuse and recyclable material collectors 0.0034% 65,853 62,560 0.00037 53-7121 Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 0.0010% 63,753 60,565 0.00011 53-7199 Material moving workers, all other 0.0333% 42,222 40,111 0.00362 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 32 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
11-1011 Chief executives 0.2456% $255,817 243,026 0.04101 11-1021 General and operations managers 3.0946% 140,080 133,076 0.51668 11-2011 Advertising and promotions managers 0.0369% 188,685 179,251 0.00616 11-2021 Marketing managers 0.5764% 170,534 162,007 0.09623 11-2022 Sales managers 0.5928% 131,494 124,919 0.09897
11-2032 Public relations managers 0.0872% 146,456 139,133 0.01455 11-2033 Fundraising managers 0.0108% 148,361 140,943 0.00180 11-3012 Administrative services managers 0.2600% 117,804 111,914 0.04341 11-3013 Facilities managers 0.1000% 114,769 109,031 0.01669 11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 1.0971% 185,853 176,560 0.18317 11-3031 Financial managers 1.3981% 175,403 166,633 0.23342 11-3051 Industrial production managers 0.0554% 149,522 142,046 0.00925 11-3061 Purchasing managers 0.0695% 158,342 150,425 0.01160 11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 0.0759% 120,799 114,759 0.01267 11-3111 Compensation and benefits managers 0.0328% 137,839 130,947 0.00548 11-3121 Human resources managers 0.2861% 169,648 161,166 0.04777 11-3131 Training and development managers 0.0541% 134,030 127,329 0.00903 11-9013 Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers 0.0013% 134,101 127,396 0.00021 11-9021 Construction managers 0.0949% 123,406 117,236 0.01584 11-9031 Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare 0.0021% 74,364 70,646 0.00034 11-9032 Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary 0.0013% 148,768 141,330 0.00021 11-9033 Education administrators, postsecondary 0.0003% 143,013 135,862 0.00004 11-9039 Education administrators, all other 0.0038% 102,873 97,729 0.00064 11-9041 Architectural and engineering managers 0.2379% 192,250 182,638 0.03972 11-9051 Food service managers 0.0679% 87,798 83,408 0.01134 11-9071 Gambling managers 0.0003% 124,221 118,010 0.00004 11-9072 Entertainment and recreation managers, except gambling 0.0044% 111,052 105,499 0.00073 11-9081 Lodging managers 0.0036% 89,530 85,054 0.00060
11-9111 Medical and health services managers 0.5930% 164,474 156,250 0.09901 11-9121 Natural sciences managers 0.1469% 169,648 161,166 0.02453 11-9141 Property, real estate, and community association managers 0.6866% 91,811 87,220 0.11464 11-9151 Social and community service managers 0.0503% 94,378 89,659 0.00839 11-9161 Emergency management directors 0.0015% 137,605 130,725 0.00026 11-9179 Personal service managers, all other 0.0021% 77,796 73,906 0.00034 11-9199 Managers, all other 0.6625% 164,372 156,153 0.11061 13-1020 Buyers and purchasing agents 0.2920% 86,688 82,354 0.04876 13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 0.7094% 94,072 89,368 0.11845 13-1032 Insurance appraisers, auto damage 0.0215% 83,408 79,238 0.00360 13-1041 Compliance officers 0.3754% 94,521 89,795 0.06267 13-1051 Cost estimators 0.0518% 101,274 96,210 0.00865
13-1071 Human resources specialists 1.2132% 87,859 83,466 0.20256 13-1075 Labor relations specialists 0.0141% 123,773 117,584 0.00235 13-1081 Logisticians 0.1810% 88,929 84,483 0.03022
13-1082 Project management specialists 1.2699% 118,915 112,969 0.21202 13-1111 Management analysts 1.5678% 108,902 103,457 0.26176 13-1121 Meeting, convention, and event planners 0.1161% 65,940 62,643 0.01939 13-1131 Fundraisers 0.0323% 84,132 79,925 0.00539
13-1141 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 0.1518% 90,477 85,953 0.02534 13-1151 Training and development specialists 0.4187% 76,085 72,281 0.06990 13-1161 Market research analysts and marketing specialists 1.2919% 88,562 84,134 0.21570 13-1199 Business operations specialists, all other 1.0812% 88,654 84,221 0.18052 13-2011 Accountants and auditors 2.2493% 101,141 96,084 0.37554 13-2020 Property appraisers and assessors 0.0659% 103,260 98,097 0.01100 13-2031 Budget analysts 0.0274% 116,358 110,540 0.00458 13-2041 Credit analysts 0.1554% 95,264 90,501 0.02594
13-2051 Financial and investment analysts 0.7002% 131,249 124,687 0.11691 13-2052 Personal financial advisors 0.6897% 173,641 164,959 0.11515 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 33 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
13-2053 Insurance underwriters 0.3210% 103,606 98,426 0.05359 13-2054 Financial risk specialists 0.1267% 128,968 122,520 0.02115 13-2061 Financial examiners 0.1218% 120,555 114,527 0.02033 13-2071 Credit counselors 0.0226% 70,096 66,591 0.00377 13-2072 Loan officers 0.6815% 96,629 91,798 0.11378
13-2082 Tax preparers 0.1925% 71,278 67,714 0.03215
13-2099 Financial specialists, all other 0.1695% 106,356 101,038 0.02830 15-1211 Computer systems analysts 0.8930% 136,553 129,725 0.14910 15-1212 Information security analysts 0.3636% 156,788 148,949 0.06070 15-1221 Computer and information research scientists 0.0526% 168,344 159,927 0.00878 15-1231 Computer network support specialists 0.2213% 91,367 86,799 0.03694 15-1232 Computer user support specialists 0.9935% 83,931 79,734 0.16588 15-1241 Computer network architects 0.3523% 154,087 146,383 0.05882 15-1242 Database administrators 0.1097% 122,296 116,181 0.01832 15-1243 Database architects 0.1279% 167,245 158,883 0.02136 15-1244 Network and computer systems administrators 0.4597% 117,612 111,731 0.07675 15-1251 Computer programmers 0.1754% 123,323 117,157 0.02928 15-1252 Software developers 2.9798% 190,798 181,258 0.49750 15-1253 Software quality assurance analysts and testers 0.3648% 133,790 127,101 0.06091 15-1254 Web developers 0.1318% 126,240 119,928 0.02200
15-1255 Web and digital interface designers 0.1605% 145,459 138,186 0.02680 15-1299 Computer occupations, all other 0.6089% 140,015 133,014 0.10167 15-2011 Actuaries 0.0815% 143,435 136,263 0.01361
15-2021 Mathematicians 0.0010% 139,090 132,136 0.00017
15-2031 Operations research analysts 0.1833% 111,161 105,603 0.03061 15-2041 Statisticians 0.0351% 134,077 127,373 0.00586
15-2051 Data scientists 0.4400% 159,675 151,691 0.07346 15-2099 Mathematical science occupations, all other 0.0056% 161,863 153,770 0.00094 17-1011 Architects, except landscape and naval 0.2549% 126,476 120,152 0.04255 17-1012 Landscape architects 0.0420% 114,469 108,746 0.00702 17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists 0.0113% 110,442 104,920 0.00188 17-1022 Surveyors 0.1054% 112,599 106,969 0.01759
17-2011 Aerospace engineers 0.0631% 161,328 153,262 0.01053 17-2031 Bioengineers and biomedical engineers 0.0210% 131,078 124,524 0.00351 17-2051 Civil engineers 0.5500% 125,367 119,099 0.09182 17-2061 Computer hardware engineers 0.0985% 188,333 178,916 0.01644 17-2071 Electrical engineers 0.1992% 152,423 144,802 0.03326 17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer 0.1033% 162,232 154,120 0.01725 17-2081 Environmental engineers 0.0474% 131,201 124,641 0.00792 17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors 0.0236% 127,278 120,914 0.00394 17-2112 Industrial engineers 0.1741% 130,739 124,202 0.02907 17-2121 Marine engineers and naval architects 0.0051% 123,189 117,030 0.00086 17-2131 Materials engineers 0.0187% 134,642 127,910 0.00312 17-2141 Mechanical engineers 0.2802% 134,694 127,959 0.04679 17-2151 Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 0.0079% 138,731 131,794 0.00133 17-2161 Nuclear engineers 0.0162% 175,195 166,435 0.00270 17-2171 Petroleum engineers 0.0079% 150,841 143,299 0.00133 17-2199 Engineers, all other 0.1292% 141,031 133,979 0.02157 17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters 0.2192% 80,890 76,846 0.03660 17-3012 Electrical and electronics drafters 0.0205% 87,269 82,906 0.00342 17-3013 Mechanical drafters 0.0282% 88,902 84,457 0.00471 17-3019 Drafters, all other 0.0105% 78,220 74,309 0.00176 17-3021 Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians 0.0087% 97,674 92,790 0.00146 17-3022 Civil engineering technologists and technicians 0.0831% 86,776 82,437 0.01387 17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians 0.0667% 93,021 88,370 0.01113 17-3024 Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians 0.0103% 91,727 87,141 0.00171 17-3025 Environmental engineering technologists and technicians 0.0200% 78,137 74,230 0.00334 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 34 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
17-3026 Industrial engineering technologists and technicians 0.0310% 83,951 79,753 0.00518 17-3027 Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians 0.0326% 90,104 85,599 0.00544 17-3028 Calibration technologists and technicians 0.0123% 76,771 72,932 0.00205 17-3029 Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, all other 0.0541% 90,155 85,647 0.00903 17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians 0.1067% 78,425 74,504 0.01781 19-1012 Food scientists and technologists 0.0123% 94,315 89,599 0.00205 19-1013 Soil and plant scientists 0.0162% 94,151 89,443 0.00270 19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists 0.0582% 133,564 126,886 0.00972 19-1022 Microbiologists 0.0231% 119,060 113,107 0.00385 19-1023 Zoologists and wildlife biologists 0.0064% 93,946 89,249 0.00107 19-1029 Biological scientists, all other 0.0620% 124,288 118,074 0.01036 19-1031 Conservation scientists 0.0028% 90,227 85,716 0.00047 19-1032 Foresters 0.0008% 104,464 99,241 0.00013
19-1041 Epidemiologists 0.0038% 115,640 109,858 0.00064 19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 0.1997% 138,546 131,619 0.03335 19-1099 Life scientists, all other 0.0046% 153,399 145,729 0.00077 19-2011 Astronomers 0.0018% 145,510 138,235 0.00030
19-2012 Physicists 0.0313% 192,822 183,181 0.00522
19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists 0.0074% 124,925 118,679 0.00124 19-2031 Chemists 0.0846% 108,367 102,949 0.01413
19-2032 Materials scientists 0.0105% 133,759 127,071 0.00176 19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 0.0885% 110,339 104,822 0.01477 19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 0.0318% 122,337 116,220 0.00531 19-2043 Hydrologists 0.0044% 122,789 116,650 0.00073
19-2099 Physical scientists, all other 0.0121% 145,931 138,634 0.00201 19-3011 Economists 0.0141% 128,983 122,534 0.00235
19-3022 Survey researchers 0.0113% 89,313 84,847 0.00188 19-3032 Industrial-organizational psychologists 0.0021% 141,278 134,214 0.00034 19-3033 Clinical and counseling psychologists 0.1167% 128,110 121,705 0.01948 19-3034 School psychologists 0.0036% 120,827 114,786 0.00060 19-3039 Psychologists, all other 0.0121% 134,499 127,774 0.00201 19-3041 Sociologists 0.0036% 121,792 115,702 0.00060
19-3051 Urban and regional planners 0.0126% 114,551 108,823 0.00210 19-3091 Anthropologists and archeologists 0.0133% 81,578 77,499 0.00223 19-3093 Historians 0.0018% 91,141 86,584 0.00030
19-3094 Political scientists 0.0021% 135,834 129,042 0.00034 19-3099 Social scientists and related workers, all other 0.0159% 108,008 102,608 0.00265 19-4012 Agricultural technicians 0.0138% 57,563 54,685 0.00231 19-4013 Food science technicians 0.0041% 56,597 53,767 0.00068 19-4021 Biological technicians 0.0867% 72,858 69,215 0.01447 19-4031 Chemical technicians 0.0564% 63,500 60,325 0.00942 19-4042 Environmental science and protection technicians, including health 0.0464% 55,067 52,314 0.00775 19-4043 Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians 0.0138% 80,428 76,407 0.00231 19-4044 Hydrologic technicians 0.0008% 71,450 67,878 0.00013 19-4061 Social science research assistants 0.0318% 64,445 61,223 0.00531 19-4071 Forest and conservation technicians 0.0036% 64,856 61,613 0.00060 19-4092 Forensic science technicians 0.0033% 102,091 96,986 0.00056 19-4099 Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other 0.0649% 77,839 73,947 0.01083 19-5011 Occupational health and safety specialists 0.0679% 108,275 102,861 0.01134 19-5012 Occupational health and safety technicians 0.0169% 68,841 65,399 0.00283 21-1012 Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors 0.0072% 99,061 94,108 0.00120 21-1013 Marriage and family therapists 0.0910% 76,689 72,855 0.01520 21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors 0.0138% 50,866 48,323 0.00231 21-1018 Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors 0.5179% 74,501 70,776 0.08647 21-1019 Counselors, all other 0.0254% 56,238 53,426 0.00424 21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers 0.0495% 75,138 71,381 0.00826 21-1022 Healthcare social workers 0.0987% 99,729 94,743 0.01648 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 35 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
21-1023 Mental health and substance abuse social workers 0.1359% 85,369 81,101 0.02269 21-1029 Social workers, all other 0.0074% 83,694 79,509 0.00124 21-1091 Health education specialists 0.0431% 71,851 68,258 0.00719 21-1092 Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 0.0015% 109,466 103,993 0.00026 21-1093 Social and human service assistants 0.1277% 56,515 53,689 0.02132 21-1094 Community health workers 0.0459% 64,353 61,135 0.00766 21-1099 Community and social service specialists, all other 0.0246% 64,394 61,174 0.00411 21-2011 Clergy 0.0033% 89,262 84,799 0.00056
21-2021 Directors, religious activities and education 0.0003% 87,546 83,169 0.00004 23-1011 Lawyers 1.3876% 261,078 248,024 0.23167
23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants 0.7938% 79,010 75,060 0.13253 23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 0.1218% 83,027 78,876 0.02033 23-2099 Legal support workers, all other 0.0400% 91,809 87,219 0.00668 25-1042 Biological science teachers, postsecondary 0.0021% 141,432 134,360 0.00034 25-1071 Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 0.0079% 138,186 131,277 0.00133 25-1199 Postsecondary teachers, all other 0.0008% 126,199 119,889 0.00013 25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special education 0.0033% 49,880 47,386 0.00056 25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education 0.0003% 95,363 90,595 0.00004 25-2051 Special education teachers, preschool 0.0072% 62,288 59,174 0.00120 25-2052 Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school 0.0013% 92,292 87,677 0.00021 25-2058 Special education teachers, secondary school 0.0005% 104,084 98,880 0.00009 25-2059 Special education teachers, all other 0.0051% 91,624 87,043 0.00086 25-3011 Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and english as a second language instructors 0.0013% 100,129 95,123 0.00021 25-3021 Self-enrichment teachers 0.0046% 61,590 58,511 0.00077 25-3031 Substitute teachers, short-term 0.1361% 62,586 59,457 0.02273 25-3041 Tutors 0.0069% 51,102 48,547 0.00116
25-3099 Teachers and instructors, all other 0.0095% 92,692 88,057 0.00158 25-4011 Archivists 0.0031% 71,019 67,468 0.00051
25-4012 Curators 0.0005% 88,789 84,350 0.00009
25-4013 Museum technicians and conservators 0.0003% 62,606 59,476 0.00004 25-4022 Librarians and media collections specialists 0.0223% 93,432 88,760 0.00372 25-4031 Library technicians 0.0113% 56,063 53,260 0.00188 25-9021 Farm and home management educators 0.0008% 92,384 87,765 0.00013 25-9031 Instructional coordinators 0.0156% 104,217 99,006 0.00261 25-9045 Teaching assistants, except postsecondary 0.0464% 46,726 44,390 0.00775 25-9099 Educational instruction and library workers, all other 0.0046% 71,892 68,297 0.00077 27-1011 Art directors 0.0818% 154,344 146,627 0.01366
27-1012 Craft artists 0.0005% 88,430 84,009 0.00009
27-1013 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators 0.0054% 156,295 148,480 0.00090 27-1014 Special effects artists and animators 0.0328% 132,383 125,764 0.00548 27-1019 Artists and related workers, all other 0.0015% 89,549 85,072 0.00026 27-1021 Commercial and industrial designers 0.0282% 106,220 100,909 0.00471 27-1023 Floral designers 0.0023% 49,284 46,820 0.00039
27-1024 Graphic designers 0.2790% 94,254 89,541 0.04657 27-1025 Interior designers 0.1149% 87,978 83,579 0.01918 27-1026 Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 0.0856% 45,617 43,336 0.01430 27-1027 Set and exhibit designers 0.0115% 105,707 100,422 0.00193 27-1029 Designers, all other 0.0069% 98,753 93,815 0.00116 27-2012 Producers and directors 0.1784% 165,848 157,556 0.02979 27-2022 Coaches and scouts 0.0021% 64,558 61,330 0.00034 27-2023 Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 0.0003% 66,530 63,204 0.00004 27-2041 Music directors and composers 0.0031% 101,136 96,079 0.00051 27-3011 Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys 0.0008% 161,914 153,818 0.00013 27-3023 News analysts, reporters, and journalists 0.0044% 122,666 116,533 0.00073 27-3031 Public relations specialists 0.2915% 95,096 90,341 0.04867 27-3041 Editors 0.0849% 106,703 101,368 0.01417
27-3042 Technical writers 0.0744% 110,175 104,666 0.01241 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 36 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
27-3043 Writers and authors 0.0582% 99,513 94,537 0.00972 27-3091 Interpreters and translators 0.0679% 78,569 74,641 0.01134 27-3092 Court reporters and simultaneous captioners 0.0100% 98,445 93,523 0.00167 27-3099 Media and communication workers, all other 0.0231% 104,854 99,611 0.00385 27-4011 Audio and video technicians 0.0487% 74,820 71,079 0.00813 27-4012 Broadcast technicians 0.0062% 88,368 83,950 0.00103 27-4014 Sound engineering technicians 0.0172% 93,648 88,966 0.00287 27-4015 Lighting technicians 0.0103% 84,331 80,114 0.00171 27-4021 Photographers 0.0826% 78,302 74,387 0.01378
27-4031 Camera operators, television, video, and film 0.0367% 101,783 96,694 0.00612 27-4032 Film and video editors 0.0564% 101,742 96,655 0.00942 27-4099 Media and communication equipment workers, all other 0.0074% 76,894 73,049 0.00124 29-1011 Chiropractors 0.0928% 128,438 122,016 0.01550
29-1021 Dentists, general 0.2810% 189,360 179,892 0.04692 29-1022 Oral and maxillofacial surgeons 0.0128% 290,578 276,049 0.00214 29-1023 Orthodontists 0.0128% 198,410 188,490 0.00214
29-1031 Dietitians and nutritionists 0.0690% 96,955 92,107 0.01151 29-1041 Optometrists 0.0902% 146,732 139,395 0.01507
29-1051 Pharmacists 0.0900% 166,516 158,190 0.01503
29-1071 Physician assistants 0.2715% 166,382 158,063 0.04533 29-1081 Podiatrists 0.0203% 180,167 171,159 0.00338
29-1122 Occupational therapists 0.1359% 120,303 114,288 0.02269 29-1123 Physical therapists 0.3084% 124,258 118,045 0.05150 29-1124 Radiation therapists 0.0197% 162,797 154,657 0.00330 29-1125 Recreational therapists 0.0028% 95,805 91,015 0.00047 29-1126 Respiratory therapists 0.0351% 109,692 104,207 0.00586 29-1127 Speech-language pathologists 0.1451% 117,150 111,293 0.02423 29-1128 Exercise physiologists 0.0051% 68,153 64,745 0.00086 29-1129 Therapists, all other 0.0233% 83,602 79,422 0.00390 29-1131 Veterinarians 0.1877% 172,853 164,210 0.03133
29-1141 Registered nurses 1.6483% 152,361 144,743 0.27520 29-1151 Nurse anesthetists 0.0831% 225,979 214,680 0.01387 29-1161 Nurse midwives 0.0159% 184,512 175,286 0.00265
29-1171 Nurse practitioners 0.5153% 177,897 169,002 0.08604 29-1181 Audiologists 0.0244% 123,159 117,001 0.00407
29-1213 Dermatologists 0.0238% 321,835 305,743 0.00398
29-1214 Emergency medicine physicians 0.0561% 277,225 263,364 0.00937 29-1215 Family medicine physicians 0.2161% 264,046 250,844 0.03609 29-1216 General internal medicine physicians 0.1028% 306,736 291,399 0.01717 29-1217 Neurologists 0.0108% 199,889 189,895 0.00180
29-1218 Obstetricians and gynecologists 0.0382% 297,368 282,500 0.00638 29-1221 Pediatricians, general 0.0831% 291,328 276,762 0.01387 29-1222 Physicians, pathologists 0.0203% 222,805 211,665 0.00338 29-1223 Psychiatrists 0.0305% 337,489 320,615 0.00509
29-1224 Radiologists 0.0492% 380,960 361,912 0.00822
29-1229 Physicians, all other 0.4038% 221,572 210,493 0.06742 29-1241 Ophthalmologists, except pediatric 0.0290% 349,548 332,071 0.00484 29-1242 Orthopedic surgeons, except pediatric 0.0287% 325,564 309,286 0.00479 29-1249 Surgeons, all other 0.0364% 316,812 300,971 0.00608 29-1291 Acupuncturists 0.0177% 91,347 86,780 0.00295
29-1292 Dental hygienists 0.5538% 130,544 124,017 0.09246 29-1299 Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other 0.0069% 130,236 123,724 0.00116 29-2010 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 0.3692% 78,774 74,835 0.06164 29-2031 Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 0.0310% 88,861 84,418 0.00518 29-2032 Diagnostic medical sonographers 0.0879% 122,183 116,074 0.01468 29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists 0.0113% 154,765 147,027 0.00188 29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians 0.2049% 115,167 109,409 0.03420 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 37 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
29-2035 Magnetic resonance imaging technologists 0.0390% 121,690 115,606 0.00651 29-2036 Medical dosimetrists 0.0036% 122,604 116,474 0.00060 29-2042 Emergency medical technicians 0.0164% 53,239 50,577 0.00274 29-2043 Paramedics 0.0062% 76,494 72,669 0.00103
29-2051 Dietetic technicians 0.0038% 48,031 45,629 0.00064 29-2052 Pharmacy technicians 0.0833% 57,799 54,909 0.01391 29-2053 Psychiatric technicians 0.1246% 66,099 62,794 0.02080 29-2055 Surgical technologists 0.0831% 85,502 81,227 0.01387 29-2056 Veterinary technologists and technicians 0.3105% 58,529 55,603 0.05184 29-2057 Ophthalmic medical technicians 0.1797% 55,334 52,567 0.03001 29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 0.3887% 81,239 77,177 0.06489 29-2072 Medical records specialists 0.2643% 69,930 66,434 0.04413 29-2081 Opticians, dispensing 0.1126% 60,603 57,573 0.01879 29-2091 Orthotists and prosthetists 0.0082% 94,428 89,707 0.00137 29-2092 Hearing aid specialists 0.0069% 78,250 74,338 0.00116 29-2099 Health technologists and technicians, all other 0.2374% 65,883 62,589 0.03964 29-9021 Health information technologists and medical registrars 0.0331% 107,648 102,266 0.00552 29-9091 Athletic trainers 0.0208% 79,267 75,304 0.00347 29-9092 Genetic counselors 0.0041% 143,815 136,624 0.00068 29-9093 Surgical assistants 0.0313% 62,843 59,701 0.00522 29-9099 Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other 0.0244% 89,888 85,394 0.00407 31-1120 Home health and personal care aides 0.1864% 37,188 35,329 0.03112 31-1131 Nursing assistants 0.2500% 50,177 47,668 0.04174 31-1132 Orderlies 0.0090% 55,484 52,710 0.00150
31-1133 Psychiatric aides 0.0100% 51,699 49,114 0.00167 31-2011 Occupational therapy assistants 0.0567% 83,755 79,567 0.00946 31-2012 Occupational therapy aides 0.0062% 44,140 41,933 0.00103 31-2021 Physical therapist assistants 0.1538% 85,555 81,277 0.02568 31-2022 Physical therapist aides 0.0890% 40,345 38,328 0.01485 31-9011 Massage therapists 0.0777% 61,778 58,689 0.01297 31-9091 Dental assistants 0.9366% 55,093 52,338 0.15637 31-9092 Medical assistants 1.6096% 54,270 51,557 0.26874 31-9093 Medical equipment preparers 0.0454% 66,663 63,330 0.00758 31-9094 Medical transcriptionists 0.0944% 44,901 42,656 0.01575 31-9095 Pharmacy aides 0.0100% 52,203 49,593 0.00167
31-9096 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 0.2661% 47,822 45,431 0.04443 31-9097 Phlebotomists 0.1582% 56,934 54,087 0.02641
31-9099 Healthcare support workers, all other 0.0703% 59,145 56,188 0.01173 33-1011 First-line supervisors of correctional officers 0.0031% 133,172 126,513 0.00051 33-1021 First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers 0.0072% 158,821 150,880 0.00120 33-1091 First-line supervisors of security workers 0.1005% 68,113 64,707 0.01678 33-1099 First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other 0.0056% 87,694 83,309 0.00094 33-2011 Firefighters 0.0492% 100,992 95,942 0.00822
33-2021 Fire inspectors and investigators 0.0028% 102,823 97,682 0.00047 33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers 0.0331% 94,071 89,367 0.00552 33-9021 Private detectives and investigators 0.0449% 69,049 65,597 0.00749 33-9031 Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators 0.0003% 48,439 46,017 0.00004 33-9032 Security guards 2.1032% 47,277 44,913 0.35114
33-9091 Crossing guards and flaggers 0.0985% 58,096 55,191 0.01644 33-9092 Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers 0.0054% 46,290 43,976 0.00090 33-9094 School bus monitors 0.0013% 41,600 39,520 0.00021 33-9099 Protective service workers, all other 0.0146% 48,347 45,930 0.00244 35-1011 Chefs and head cooks 0.0638% 73,379 69,710 0.01066 35-1012 First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers 0.1495% 51,586 49,007 0.02496 35-2011 Cooks, fast food 0.0144% 39,512 37,536 0.00240
35-2012 Cooks, institution and cafeteria 0.2115% 48,398 45,978 0.03532 35-2014 Cooks, restaurant 0.0920% 45,498 43,223 0.01537 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 38 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
35-2015 Cooks, short order 0.0277% 42,207 40,097 0.00462 35-2019 Cooks, all other 0.0167% 42,958 40,810 0.00278
35-2021 Food preparation workers 0.1643% 41,662 39,579 0.02744 35-3011 Bartenders 0.0838% 47,051 44,698 0.01400
35-3023 Fast food and counter workers 0.4797% 40,572 38,543 0.08009 35-3031 Waiters and waitresses 0.2008% 45,508 43,233 0.03352 35-3041 Food servers, nonrestaurant 0.1143% 43,945 41,748 0.01909 35-9011 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 0.0856% 41,631 39,549 0.01430 35-9021 Dishwashers 0.1056% 40,345 38,328 0.01764
35-9031 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 0.0187% 40,510 38,485 0.00312 35-9099 Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 0.0267% 42,135 40,028 0.00445 37-1011 First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers 0.1951% 62,714 59,578 0.03258 37-1012 First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers 0.2236% 66,827 63,486 0.03733 37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners 2.8239% 44,007 41,807 0.47147 37-2012 Maids and housekeeping cleaners 0.4451% 46,382 44,063 0.07431 37-2019 Building cleaning workers, all other 0.0005% 45,333 43,066 0.00009 37-2021 Pest control workers 0.2428% 47,040 44,688 0.04054 37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 1.6037% 47,431 45,059 0.26776 37-3012 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation 0.0395% 50,537 48,010 0.00659 37-3013 Tree trimmers and pruners 0.1079% 67,558 64,180 0.01802 37-3019 Grounds maintenance workers, all other 0.0092% 50,352 47,834 0.00154 39-1014 First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except gambling services 0.0256% 58,086 55,182 0.00428 39-1022 First-line supervisors of personal service workers 0.0108% 56,286 53,472 0.00180 39-2011 Animal trainers 0.0018% 58,415 55,494 0.00030
39-2021 Animal caretakers 0.1077% 41,456 39,383 0.01798 39-3031 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 0.1518% 38,823 36,882 0.02534 39-3091 Amusement and recreation attendants 0.0241% 38,504 36,579 0.00402 39-3092 Costume attendants 0.0038% 88,970 84,522 0.00064 39-3093 Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 0.0013% 46,835 44,493 0.00021 39-3099 Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other 0.0036% 40,808 38,768 0.00060 39-4012 Crematory operators 0.0003% 53,859 51,166 0.00004 39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 0.0072% 50,948 48,401 0.00120 39-5091 Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 0.0038% 122,805 116,665 0.00064 39-5094 Skincare specialists 0.0297% 48,347 45,930 0.00497 39-6011 Baggage porters and bellhops 0.0067% 42,135 40,028 0.00111 39-6012 Concierges 0.0356% 47,750 45,363 0.00595
39-7010 Tour and travel guides 0.0018% 48,069 45,666 0.00030 39-9011 Childcare workers 0.0295% 42,433 40,311 0.00492 39-9031 Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors 0.0138% 64,082 60,878 0.00231 39-9032 Recreation workers 0.0144% 43,019 40,868 0.00240 39-9041 Residential advisors 0.0121% 52,913 50,267 0.00201 39-9099 Personal care and service workers, all other 0.0015% 44,634 42,402 0.00026 41-1011 First-line supervisors of retail sales workers 0.0836% 57,578 54,699 0.01395 41-1012 First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers 0.2466% 96,985 92,136 0.04118 41-2011 Cashiers 0.1541% 39,622 37,641 0.02573
41-2021 Counter and rental clerks 0.3220% 48,620 46,189 0.05377 41-2022 Parts salespersons 0.0031% 48,079 45,675 0.00051 41-2031 Retail salespersons 0.2125% 43,835 41,643 0.03549 41-3011 Advertising sales agents 0.1492% 76,954 73,106 0.02491 41-3021 Insurance sales agents 1.2530% 93,683 88,999 0.20920 41-3031 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 1.2158% 108,560 103,132 0.20299 41-3041 Travel agents 0.0054% 55,880 53,086 0.00090
41-3091 Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel 1.5635% 96,116 91,310 0.26104 41-4011 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products 0.1464% 131,986 125,387 0.02444 41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products 0.1910% 87,987 83,588 0.03189 41-9011 Demonstrators and product promoters 0.0644% 51,013 48,462 0.01074 41-9012 Models 0.0003% 82,578 78,449 0.00004
Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 39 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
41-9021 Real estate brokers 0.1197% 115,482 109,708 0.01999 41-9022 Real estate sales agents 0.4256% 77,936 74,039 0.07106 41-9031 Sales engineers 0.0608% 146,137 138,830 0.01015 41-9041 Telemarketers 0.1454% 41,892 39,797 0.02427
41-9091 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers0.0005% 39,581 37,602 0.00009 41-9099 Sales and related workers, all other 0.0831% 68,570 65,142 0.01387 43-1011 First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers 1.7311% 80,558 76,530 0.28903 43-2011 Switchboard operators, including answering service 0.0403% 55,888 53,094 0.00672 43-2021 Telephone operators 0.0031% 58,646 55,714 0.00051 43-2099 Communications equipment operators, all other 0.0005% 84,144 79,937 0.00009 43-3011 Bill and account collectors 0.3138% 59,893 56,898 0.05240 43-3021 Billing and posting clerks 0.6879% 57,635 54,753 0.11485 43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 1.4904% 60,965 57,917 0.24884 43-3051 Payroll and timekeeping clerks 0.1805% 65,389 62,120 0.03014 43-3061 Procurement clerks 0.0249% 57,257 54,394 0.00415 43-3071 Tellers 0.8876% 47,338 44,971 0.14820
43-3099 Financial clerks, all other 0.0756% 63,294 60,129 0.01263 43-4011 Brokerage clerks 0.0959% 74,715 70,979 0.01601
43-4021 Correspondence clerks 0.0054% 59,310 56,345 0.00090 43-4031 Court, municipal, and license clerks 0.0049% 67,564 64,186 0.00081 43-4041 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 0.0177% 53,927 51,231 0.00295 43-4051 Customer service representatives 3.5853% 54,233 51,521 0.59861 43-4061 Eligibility interviewers, government programs 0.0172% 64,234 61,022 0.00287 43-4071 File clerks 0.0918% 51,026 48,475 0.01532
43-4081 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 0.0146% 43,191 41,031 0.00244 43-4111 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 0.1267% 56,103 53,298 0.02115 43-4121 Library assistants, clerical 0.0205% 51,547 48,970 0.00342 43-4131 Loan interviewers and clerks 0.4302% 59,116 56,160 0.07183 43-4141 New accounts clerks 0.0985% 57,370 54,502 0.01644 43-4151 Order clerks 0.0372% 50,300 47,785 0.00621
43-4161 Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 0.0846% 59,617 56,636 0.01413 43-4171 Receptionists and information clerks 1.3958% 45,949 43,652 0.23304 43-4181 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 0.0074% 49,228 46,767 0.00124 43-4199 Information and record clerks, all other 0.0592% 59,903 56,908 0.00989 43-5011 Cargo and freight agents 0.0164% 60,781 57,742 0.00274 43-5021 Couriers and messengers 0.0869% 46,194 43,884 0.01451 43-5031 Public safety telecommunicators 0.0005% 81,733 77,646 0.00009 43-5032 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 0.0772% 56,746 53,909 0.01288 43-5041 Meter readers, utilities 0.0074% 80,262 76,249 0.00124 43-5061 Production, planning, and expediting clerks 0.2292% 67,248 63,886 0.03827 43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks 0.2274% 47,593 45,213 0.03797 43-5111 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 0.0136% 49,115 46,659 0.00227 43-6011 Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants 0.5223% 92,847 88,205 0.08720 43-6012 Legal secretaries and administrative assistants 0.3346% 80,395 76,375 0.05586 43-6013 Medical secretaries and administrative assistants 1.4365% 55,592 52,812 0.23985 43-6014 Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive 1.4168% 57,329 54,463 0.23655 43-9021 Data entry keyers 0.1851% 48,227 45,816 0.03091 43-9022 Word processors and typists 0.0108% 52,630 49,999 0.00180 43-9031 Desktop publishers 0.0021% 74,409 70,689 0.00034 43-9041 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 0.6141% 58,299 55,384 0.10252 43-9051 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 0.0985% 47,655 45,272 0.01644 43-9061 Office clerks, general 2.0160% 52,262 49,649 0.33659 43-9071 Office machine operators, except computer 0.0328% 48,789 46,350 0.00548 43-9081 Proofreaders and copy markers 0.0036% 65,092 61,837 0.00060 43-9111 Statistical assistants 0.0062% 77,055 73,202 0.00103 43-9199 Office and administrative support workers, all other 0.1308% 59,075 56,121 0.02183 45-1011 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 0.0036% 64,234 61,022 0.00060 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 40 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
45-2011 Agricultural inspectors 0.0015% 62,340 59,223 0.00026 45-2041 Graders and sorters, agricultural products 0.0018% 38,386 36,467 0.00030 45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators 0.0021% 44,676 42,442 0.00034 45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 0.0262% 39,570 37,592 0.00437 45-2093 Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals 0.0036% 40,960 38,912 0.00060 45-2099 Agricultural workers, all other 0.0015% 57,193 54,333 0.00026 45-4021 Fallers 0.0028% 81,909 77,814 0.00047
47-1011 First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers 0.0772% 104,988 99,739 0.01288 47-2011 Boilermakers 0.0003% 111,607 106,027 0.00004
47-2021 Brickmasons and blockmasons 0.0021% 74,538 70,811 0.00034 47-2022 Stonemasons 0.0018% 68,053 64,650 0.00030
47-2031 Carpenters 0.0659% 79,963 75,965 0.01100
47-2044 Tile and stone setters 0.0003% 62,361 59,243 0.00004 47-2051 Cement masons and concrete finishers 0.0141% 74,559 70,831 0.00235 47-2061 Construction laborers 0.1861% 68,084 64,680 0.03108 47-2071 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 0.0015% 92,656 88,023 0.00026 47-2073 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 0.0415% 96,434 91,612 0.00693 47-2081 Drywall and ceiling tile installers 0.0023% 78,450 74,528 0.00039 47-2111 Electricians 0.1054% 88,301 83,886 0.01759
47-2121 Glaziers 0.0008% 78,213 74,302 0.00013
47-2131 Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 0.0008% 52,962 50,314 0.00013 47-2132 Insulation workers, mechanical 0.0005% 118,246 112,334 0.00009 47-2141 Painters, construction and maintenance 0.0192% 62,865 59,722 0.00321 47-2142 Paperhangers 0.0023% 67,364 63,996 0.00039
47-2151 Pipelayers 0.0003% 79,263 75,300 0.00004
47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 0.0431% 80,653 76,620 0.00719 47-2171 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 0.0008% 70,575 67,046 0.00013 47-2181 Roofers 0.0018% 70,081 66,577 0.00030
47-2211 Sheet metal workers 0.0095% 89,073 84,619 0.00158 47-2221 Structural iron and steel workers 0.0023% 77,874 73,980 0.00039 47-3012 Helpers--carpenters 0.0028% 52,437 49,815 0.00047 47-3013 Helpers--electricians 0.0046% 54,311 51,595 0.00077 47-3014 Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons 0.0005% 49,936 47,439 0.00009 47-3015 Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 0.0008% 53,312 50,646 0.00013 47-3019 Helpers, construction trades, all other 0.0003% 51,274 48,710 0.00004 47-4011 Construction and building inspectors 0.1456% 106,542 101,215 0.02431 47-4031 Fence erectors 0.0003% 62,855 59,712 0.00004
47-4041 Hazardous materials removal workers 0.0136% 63,040 59,888 0.00227 47-4051 Highway maintenance workers 0.0010% 63,452 60,279 0.00017 47-4071 Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 0.0018% 59,231 56,269 0.00030 47-4090 Miscellaneous construction and related workers 0.0074% 73,777 70,088 0.00124 47-5011 Derrick operators, oil and gas 0.0003% 66,056 62,753 0.00004 47-5012 Rotary drill operators, oil and gas 0.0008% 91,997 87,397 0.00013 47-5013 Service unit operators, oil and gas 0.0003% 73,571 69,892 0.00004 47-5022 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining0.0026% 83,103 78,948 0.00043 47-5023 Earth drillers, except oil and gas 0.0033% 68,341 64,924 0.00056 47-5032 Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 0.0021% 90,288 85,774 0.00034 47-5071 Roustabouts, oil and gas 0.0005% 57,698 54,813 0.00009 47-5081 Helpers--extraction workers 0.0008% 49,287 46,823 0.00013 47-5099 Extraction workers, all other 0.0013% 52,674 50,040 0.00021 49-1011 First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 0.2556% 98,794 93,854 0.04268 49-2011 Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 0.0187% 53,833 51,141 0.00312 49-2021 Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers 0.0095% 82,260 78,147 0.00158 49-2022 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers 0.2989% 79,774 75,785 0.04991 49-2091 Avionics technicians 0.0056% 93,567 88,889 0.00094 49-2092 Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 0.0008% 68,426 65,005 0.00013 49-2094 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 0.0185% 83,913 79,717 0.00308 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 41 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
49-2095 Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay 0.0028% 118,943 112,996 0.00047 49-2097 Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers 0.0041% 70,337 66,820 0.00068 49-2098 Security and fire alarm systems installers 0.1379% 73,613 69,932 0.02303 49-3011 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 0.0167% 88,062 83,659 0.00278 49-3021 Automotive body and related repairers 0.0018% 68,622 65,191 0.00030 49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics 0.0264% 66,516 63,190 0.00441 49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 0.0192% 72,247 68,635 0.00321 49-3041 Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians 0.0010% 58,116 55,210 0.00017 49-3042 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 0.0121% 85,392 81,122 0.00201 49-3053 Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 0.0154% 54,799 52,059 0.00257 49-3093 Tire repairers and changers 0.0015% 45,741 43,454 0.00026 49-9012 Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 0.0026% 96,463 91,640 0.00043 49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 0.0438% 76,478 72,654 0.00732 49-9031 Home appliance repairers 0.0010% 57,130 54,274 0.00017 49-9041 Industrial machinery mechanics 0.0269% 77,720 73,834 0.00449 49-9043 Maintenance workers, machinery 0.0067% 70,265 66,752 0.00111 49-9044 Millwrights 0.0049% 86,460 82,137 0.00081
49-9051 Electrical power-line installers and repairers 0.0026% 119,035 113,083 0.00043 49-9052 Telecommunications line installers and repairers 0.1561% 86,727 82,391 0.02607 49-9062 Medical equipment repairers 0.0172% 80,647 76,615 0.00287 49-9069 Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 0.0026% 77,618 73,737 0.00043 49-9071 Maintenance and repair workers, general 1.2571% 60,868 57,825 0.20988 49-9081 Wind turbine service technicians 0.0003% 87,939 83,542 0.00004 49-9091 Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 0.0036% 54,203 51,493 0.00060 49-9092 Commercial divers 0.0033% 100,858 95,815 0.00056 49-9094 Locksmiths and safe repairers 0.0282% 67,574 64,195 0.00471 49-9096 Riggers 0.0059% 88,822 84,381 0.00098
49-9098 Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 0.0146% 45,803 43,513 0.00244 49-9099 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 0.0997% 58,321 55,405 0.01665 51-1011 First-line supervisors of production and operating workers 0.0708% 82,652 78,519 0.01181 51-2011 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers 0.0033% 61,189 58,130 0.00056 51-2021 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 0.0005% 44,691 42,456 0.00009 51-2028 Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers, and finishers 0.0510% 52,017 49,416 0.00852 51-2031 Engine and other machine assemblers 0.0028% 55,362 52,594 0.00047 51-2041 Structural metal fabricators and fitters 0.0085% 58,747 55,810 0.00141 51-2051 Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 0.0008% 56,295 53,480 0.00013 51-2090 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators 0.5282% 49,944 47,447 0.08818 51-3011 Bakers 0.0123% 43,665 41,482 0.00205
51-3021 Butchers and meat cutters 0.0008% 47,051 44,698 0.00013 51-3022 Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 0.0141% 40,618 38,587 0.00235 51-3023 Slaughterers and meat packers 0.0031% 42,660 40,527 0.00051 51-3091 Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 0.0005% 47,051 44,698 0.00009 51-3092 Food batchmakers 0.0259% 44,127 41,921 0.00432
51-3093 Food cooking machine operators and tenders 0.0023% 47,462 45,089 0.00039 51-3099 Food processing workers, all other 0.0049% 42,875 40,731 0.00081 51-4021 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0023% 47,790 45,401 0.00039 51-4022 Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0005% 60,656 57,623 0.00009 51-4023 Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0005% 55,690 52,906 0.00009 51-4031 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0177% 50,960 48,412 0.00295 51-4033 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0038% 49,144 46,687 0.00064 51-4034 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0013% 53,330 50,664 0.00021 51-4035 Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0015% 58,675 55,741 0.00026 51-4041 Machinists 0.0362% 61,610 58,530 0.00604
51-4052 Pourers and casters, metal 0.0003% 45,522 43,246 0.00004 51-4061 Model makers, metal and plastic 0.0013% 88,285 83,871 0.00021 51-4071 Foundry mold and coremakers 0.0005% 47,010 44,660 0.00009 51-4072 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0013% 48,518 46,092 0.00021 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 42 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
51-4081 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic0.0423% 48,570 46,142 0.00706 51-4111 Tool and die makers 0.0038% 77,564 73,686 0.00064 51-4121 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 0.0526% 63,590 60,411 0.00878 51-4122 Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders0.0046% 54,736 51,999 0.00077 51-4191 Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0008% 53,782 51,093 0.00013 51-4193 Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.0013% 48,139 45,732 0.00021 51-4194 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 0.0005% 53,597 50,917 0.00009 51-4199 Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 0.0105% 49,370 46,902 0.00176 51-5111 Prepress technicians and workers 0.0062% 55,064 52,311 0.00103 51-5112 Printing press operators 0.0472% 50,498 47,973 0.00788 51-5113 Print binding and finishing workers 0.0062% 46,312 43,996 0.00103 51-6011 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 0.0428% 39,818 37,827 0.00715 51-6031 Sewing machine operators 0.0121% 40,967 38,919 0.00201 51-6052 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 0.0015% 53,741 51,054 0.00026 51-6062 Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0008% 42,537 40,410 0.00013 51-6063 Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0005% 41,767 39,679 0.00009 51-6064 Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0005% 43,491 41,316 0.00009 51-6092 Fabric and apparel patternmakers 0.0015% 75,101 71,346 0.00026 51-6093 Upholsterers 0.0021% 50,847 48,305 0.00034
51-6099 Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 0.0023% 40,947 38,900 0.00039 51-7011 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 0.0010% 53,125 50,469 0.00017 51-7021 Furniture finishers 0.0003% 49,985 47,486 0.00004 51-7041 Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 0.0021% 47,379 45,010 0.00034 51-7099 Woodworkers, all other 0.0003% 50,529 48,003 0.00004 51-8012 Power distributors and dispatchers 0.0023% 133,592 126,912 0.00039 51-8013 Power plant operators 0.0031% 113,247 107,585 0.00051 51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators 0.0079% 84,089 79,885 0.00133 51-8031 Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators 0.0085% 88,747 84,310 0.00141 51-8091 Chemical plant and system operators 0.0003% 91,076 86,522 0.00004 51-8092 Gas plant operators 0.0010% 121,763 115,675 0.00017 51-8093 Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers 0.0008% 105,634 100,352 0.00013 51-8099 Plant and system operators, all other 0.0010% 75,696 71,911 0.00017 51-9011 Chemical equipment operators and tenders 0.0033% 59,486 56,512 0.00056 51-9012 Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0031% 64,216 61,005 0.00051 51-9021 Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders0.0013% 51,689 49,105 0.00021 51-9022 Grinding and polishing workers, hand 0.0010% 46,148 43,841 0.00017 51-9023 Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0138% 55,577 52,798 0.00231 51-9031 Cutters and trimmers, hand 0.0005% 41,285 39,221 0.00009 51-9032 Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0033% 47,349 44,982 0.00056 51-9041 Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0041% 51,042 48,490 0.00068 51-9051 Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 0.0008% 49,001 46,551 0.00013 51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 0.2602% 59,076 56,122 0.04345 51-9071 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 0.0015% 62,277 59,163 0.00026 51-9081 Dental laboratory technicians 0.0103% 58,727 55,791 0.00171 51-9082 Medical appliance technicians 0.0038% 54,849 52,107 0.00064 51-9083 Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 0.0121% 55,813 53,022 0.00201 51-9111 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 0.0972% 46,784 44,445 0.01622 51-9123 Painting, coating, and decorating workers 0.0015% 51,473 48,899 0.00026 51-9124 Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders0.0136% 60,758 57,720 0.00227 51-9151 Photographic process workers and processing machine operators 0.0072% 52,376 49,757 0.00120 51-9161 Computer numerically controlled tool operators 0.0151% 58,491 55,566 0.00253 51-9162 Computer numerically controlled tool programmers 0.0015% 86,531 82,204 0.00026 51-9191 Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders 0.0008% 44,404 42,184 0.00013 51-9192 Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders0.0023% 46,056 43,753 0.00039 51-9193 Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders 0.0003% 46,908 44,563 0.00004 51-9194 Etchers and engravers 0.0013% 47,995 45,595 0.00021 51-9195 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 0.0021% 53,186 50,527 0.00034 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.

City of Cotati Affordable Housing and Commercial Linkage Impact Fee Study 43 Appendix Table A.2: Occupation Mix and Averages for Office Prototype Continued SOC
Code Occupation Name
Percent
of Total
Average
Annual
Wage
Household
Income
Net New
Cotati
Households
51-9196 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.0041% 53,104 50,449 0.00068 51-9198 Helpers--production workers 0.0500% 46,620 44,289 0.00835 51-9199 Production workers, all other 0.2695% 47,821 45,430 0.04499 53-1047 First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo handling supervisors 0.0733% 70,124 66,618 0.01224 53-2012 Commercial pilots 0.0097% 173,037 164,385 0.00163 53-2021 Air traffic controllers 0.0003% 156,689 148,855 0.00004 53-2022 Airfield operations specialists 0.0018% 71,446 67,874 0.00030 53-3011 Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 0.0003% 39,733 37,746 0.00004 53-3031 Driver/sales workers 0.0249% 49,239 46,777 0.00415 53-3032 Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers 0.1656% 61,960 58,862 0.02765 53-3033 Light truck drivers 0.1331% 52,363 49,745 0.02222 53-3052 Bus drivers, transit and intercity 0.0015% 67,051 63,698 0.00026 53-3053 Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs 0.0282% 45,193 42,933 0.00471 53-3099 Motor vehicle operators, all other 0.0151% 50,304 47,789 0.00253 53-5021 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 0.0010% 99,297 94,332 0.00017 53-6021 Parking attendants 0.0067% 40,225 38,214 0.00111 53-6031 Automotive and watercraft service attendants 0.0013% 43,267 41,104 0.00021 53-6041 Traffic technicians 0.0036% 77,090 73,236 0.00060 53-6051 Transportation inspectors 0.0015% 87,650 83,268 0.00026 53-6061 Passenger attendants 0.0028% 45,510 43,235 0.00047 53-6099 Transportation workers, all other 0.0005% 51,000 48,450 0.00009 53-7011 Conveyor operators and tenders 0.0003% 44,936 42,689 0.00004 53-7021 Crane and tower operators 0.0026% 82,918 78,772 0.00043 53-7041 Hoist and winch operators 0.0003% 58,765 55,827 0.00004 53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators 0.1954% 51,912 49,316 0.03262 53-7061 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 0.0644% 41,034 38,982 0.01074 53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 1.4278% 45,346 43,079 0.23839 53-7063 Machine feeders and offbearers 0.0064% 43,380 41,211 0.00107 53-7064 Packers and packagers, hand 0.3213% 40,522 38,496 0.05364 53-7065 Stockers and order fillers 0.2418% 44,199 41,989 0.04037 53-7081 Refuse and recyclable material collectors 0.0092% 65,853 62,560 0.00154 53-7121 Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 0.0005% 63,753 60,565 0.00009 53-7199 Material moving workers, all other 0.0026% 42,222 40,111 0.00043 Sources: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, First Quarter 2025.