Agenda, first session — Crescent City City Council, June 15, 2026 (part 3 of 4)

5. Crescent Fire Protection District
5-22 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
CFPD-4: Implement CWPP
Lead Agency: Crescent Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County, CAL FIRE
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☐ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: In 2020, the county adopted a Community Wildfire Protection Plan which identifies a list of priority projects for the Crescent Fire Protection District.

Description of the Solution: Implement the priority projects in the 2020 Del Norte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan including, but not limited to, defensible space, fuel breaks, prescribed burns, mechanical fuel reduction, signage programs, and generators.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: Staff Time, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention grant, CAL FIRE Wildfire Resilience grant, CAL FIRE Forest Health grant
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 Years
Objectives Met: 1,4,5
Benefits: Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action supports the Safety and Security lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: N/A
Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☒ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-1 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

6. ELK VALLEY RANCHERIA
This jurisdictional annex to the Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) provides information to assist public and private sectors in the Elk Valley Rancheria with reducing losses from future hazard events. This annex is not guidance of what to do when a disaster occurs; its focus is on actions that can be implemented prior to a disaster to reduce or eliminate damage to property and people. The annex presents a general overview of Elk Valley Rancheria, describes who participated in the planning process, assesses Elk Valley Rancheria’s risk, vulnerability, and capabilities, and outlines a strategy for achieving a more resilient community.

6.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM
The Federally recognized tribe of Elk Valley Rancheria identified primary and alternate HMP points of contact and developed this plan over the course of several months. Dale A. Miller, Tribal Council Chairman, represented the community on the Del Norte County HMP Planning Partnership and Steering Committee, and supported the local planning process by securing input from persons with specific knowledge to enhance the plan. All departments were asked to contribute to the annex development through reviewing and contributing to the capability assessment, reporting on the status of previously identified actions, and participating in action identification and prioritization.

Table 6-1 summarizes officials who participated in the development of the annex and in what capacity.

Additional documentation of the planning activities through Planning Partnership meetings is included in Volume 1.

Table 6-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team
Primary Point of Contact Alternate Point of Contact
Name/Title: Dale A. Miller, Tribal Council Chairman
Address: 2332 Howland Hill Rd. Crescent City, CA 95531
Phone Number: 707-465-2600
Email: [email protected]
Name/Title: Richard Warner, Tribal Council ViceChairman Address: 2332 Howland Hill Rd. Crescent City, CA 95531
Phone Number: 707-465-2600
Email: [email protected]
Additional Contributors
Name/Title: Lawanda Green, THPO
Method of Participation: Cultural Resources
Name/Title: Crista Stewart, COO
Method of Participation: Grants and Planning Development Name/Title: Nate Pincombe, CIO
Method of Participation: Data Infrastructure
Name/Title: Taran Peterson, ISO
Method of Participation: Cybersecurity
Name/Title: Jennifer Meyer, Emergency Manager
Method of Participation: Completed the Tribes portion of HMP spreadsheets Name/Title: Matthew Schwoebel, Environmental Director
DRAFT
Method of Participation Hazard Mitigation Activities

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-2 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

6.2 COMMUNITY PROFILE
The following is a summary of key information about the Elk Valley Rancheria (EVR) tribe and its history:
• Founding Date—Time immemorial; Reservation created in 1909; illegally terminated in 1962, re-recognized in 1984; formally reorganized in 1994
• Number of Current Tribal Members—88
• Current Tribal Planning Area Population—99
• Location and Description—The Elk Valley Rancheria (reservation) consists of approximately 100 acres of land located wholly within Del Norte County, California. The Reservation is accessible from Howland Hill Road to the south, Norris Avenue to the north and is bisected by Mathews Street and Wyentae Street. The Reservation is comprised of 41 parcels located within the unincorporated portion of the city of Crescent City, Del Norte County. Of the 41 parcels that comprise the Reservation, twelve parcels are held in trust (approximately 40 acres). The remainder are fee lands owned by individuals (Tribal and non-Tribal) and by EVR. • Climate—Elk Valley Rancheria lies in a Mediterranean Climate with mostly warm and dry summers. Precipitation approaches nearly 70 inches annually, with the wettest months being from November to March. Average temperatures are mild, the warmest month being August with an average high of 66 °F and an average low of 51 °F. The coolest, December averages a high of 53 °F and a low of 39 °F.
• Brief History—The Tolowa Indians of the Elk Valley Rancheria negotiated a treaty with the United States in 1852. The U.S. Senate never ratified this treaty or any of the 18 treaties negotiated with other tribes at the time, but treaties need not be consummated to evidence recognition (Department of the Interior, 2007). Pursuant to the 1906 Indian Office Appropriation Act of 1906, the United States purchased 100 acres for “homeless Indians of Del Norte County,” formally establishing the original Reservation at its present location. Pursuant to this 1906 authorization the United States purchased what is now known as the Elk Valley Rancheria for the Elk Valley Tolowa. The United States held the property in trust for the benefit of the Tribe but legal title to the land remained with the United States. The initial Tribal members, consisting of displaced Indian people of both Tolowa and Yurok ancestry, organized a Tribal government pursuant to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. With the California Rancheria Act of 1958, Congress initiated a policy of terminating the Federal supervision of Indian tribes and established a process of terminating the Federal trust relationship with the Tribe thereby terminating their status as individual Indians and as a Tribe. The Elk Valley Rancheria was terminated in 1962. In addition to revoking the Tribe’s right to self-governance and other measures, the termination policy divided and transferred Reservation properties to individual members, requiring the payment of property taxes. As a result, Tribal members sold most of the property within the Reservation to non-Indians to avoid forced tax sales and few parcels remained in Tribal or even Indian ownership. In the 1970s, the Tribe joined other Indian community groups to legally challenge the 1958 California Rancheria Act and associated terminations of Tribal status (known as the “Tillie Hardwick” case). On March 2, 1987 the District Court ordered the Secretary of the Interior to publish notice that the United States maintained a DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-3 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
government-to-government relationship with the Tribe re-establishing its Federal recognition status. In addition, the Court held that the Reservation had never been lawfully terminated, and the boundaries legally remained in existence. Accordingly, the Court established a process for the Secretary of the Interior to take trust title to any property still owned by any Indian on the Reservation; however, few parcels remained in Indian Ownership. The Tribe reorganized and, on December 27, 1994, formed a new government under a Constitution approved by the Secretary of the Interior.
• Cultural Heritage—The Elk Valley Rancheria Tribal membership is made up mostly of Tolowa and some Yurok Indians.
• Tribal Governance and Tribal Departments—The Tribe’s governing body is the Elk Valley Tribal Council, a nine-member body consisting of a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Secretary, Treasurer and five additional council members. The nine-member governing body is elected by the general Tribal membership for terms of four years. Tribal officials are elected at large with the most recent election having been held on January 2025. The Elk Valley Tribal Council assumes responsibility for the adoption of this plan; The Tribal Emergency Planning Committee will oversee its implementation. Other departments involved in the Plan implementation include Fiscal, Tribal Services, Maintenance, Grants and Environmental Services. • Health and Social Service Program—As a service to Elk Valley Rancheria Tribal Members, the Tribe offers a Wellness Center that provides exercise classes, elder assistance, rides to doctor appointments, prescription pick up, meal deliveries, counseling for drug and alcohol, and coordination of local services.
• Economy and Tourism—The Elk Valley Rancheria Tribal Planning Area is strongly based in the tourism and social service industry. The Tribe is one of the largest employers within Del Norte County.

6.3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to the public that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. Del Norte County is sparsely populated with the majority of government and private services available in Crescent City, including grocery stores, hardware stores, and restaurants. The County posted information about the HMP update on the County Facebook page and on the OES website. Flyers advertising the HMP update were canvassed across Crescent City. The public was invited to participate in the planning process by responding to the public survey, attending a virtual Steering Committee meeting, attending an in-person meeting, and reviewing the draft plan.

6.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

6.4.1 Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation Activities • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Emergency Management Department • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Information Technology Department DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-4 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Public Works Department • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Transportation Department • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Environment Protection Department • Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services
• Crescent Fire Protection District
• FEMA

6.4.2 Agencies that Have the Authority to Regulate Development • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Council
• Elk Valley Rancheria, California Environmental Protection Office • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Historic Preservation Office • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Housing Department • Elk Valley Rancheria, California Tribal Information Technology Department

6.4.3 Neighboring Communities
• City of Crescent City
• Yurok Tribe
• Tolowa Dee ni’ Nation
• Pulikla Tribe

6.4.4 Representatives of Business, Academia, and Other Private Organizations
• Elk Valley Rancheria, California Government Building
• Elk Valley Casino
• Elk Valley Tribal Fuel Mart
• Pacific Power
• City of Crescent City Water
• Spectrum
• Frontier
• Verizon

6.4.5 Nonprofit Organizations and Community-Based Organizations • United Indian Health Services
• Head Start
• California Rural Indian Health Board
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-5 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

6.5 JURISDICTIONAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT AND INTEGRATION Elk Valley Rancheria performed an inventory and analysis of existing capabilities, plans, programs, and policies that enhance its ability to implement mitigation strategies. Volume 1 describes the components included in the capability assessment and their significance for hazard mitigation planning. The jurisdictional assessment for this annex includes analyses of the following:
• Planning and regulatory capabilities
• Development and permitting capabilities
• Administrative and technical capabilities
• Fiscal capabilities
• Education and outreach capabilities
• Classification under various community mitigation programs • Adaptive capacity to withstand hazard events
For a community to succeed in reducing long-term risk, hazard mitigation must be integrated into dayto-day local government operations. As part of the hazard mitigation analysis, planning and /policy documents were reviewed and each jurisdiction was surveyed to obtain a better understanding of their progress toward plan integration. Development of an updated mitigation strategy provided an opportunity for Elk Valley Rancheria to identify opportunities for integrating mitigation concepts into ongoing procedures.

6.5.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Table 6-2 summarizes the planning and regulatory tools that are available to Elk Valley Rancheria.

Table 6-2. Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Jurisdictio
n has this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan,
date of enactment or plan
adoption)
Authority
(local, county,
state, federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or
Agency
Codes, Ordinances, & Regulations
Building Code Yes Tribe, State & County Building
Code
Tribe;
County/State
Elk Valley Rancheria
How has or will this be integrated with the HMP and how does this reduce risk? Elk Valley Rancheria has adopted building codes from the State of California. Fee land within the Reservation but not owned by EVR may be subject to county building codes in some instances.

Zoning/Land Use Code Yes Ordinance No, 01-08 Local Elk Valley Rancheria How has or will this be integrated with the HMP and how does this reduce risk? Elk Valley Rancheria, California Ordinance No, 01-08 – Zoning and Land Use Regulations for the Elk Valley Rancheria.

Fee land within the Reservation but not owned by EVR may be subject to county zoning in some instances.

DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-6 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Jurisdictio
n has this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan,
date of enactment or plan
adoption)
Authority
(local, county,
state, federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or
Agency
Subdivision Code Yes Ordinance No, 01-08 Local Elk Valley Rancheria How has or will this be integrated with the HMP and how does this reduce risk? Elk Valley Rancheria, California Ordinance No, 01-08 – Zoning and Land Use Regulations for the Elk Valley Rancheria.

Fee land within the Reservation but not owned by EVR may be subject to county building codes in some instances.

Site Plan Code Yes Ordinance No, 01-08 Local Elk Valley Rancheria How has or will this be integrated with the HMP and how does this reduce risk? Elk Valley Rancheria, California Ordinance No, 01-08 – Site Plan Review for the Elk Valley Rancheria guides in issuing building permits.

Stormwater Management Code Yes Nonpoint Source Management Plan 2016
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The Nonpoint Source Plan identifies an action plan to reduce pollution and support healthy watersheds and water quality. This plan reduces community risk of disease or pollution in the event of a flooding event that spreads pollution on a large scale.

Environmental Protection
Ordinance(s)
Yes Ordinance No.10-02 Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The ordinance covers environmental protection measures related to natural hazards.

Emergency Management
Ordinance
Yes Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan 2019
Federal Elk Valley Rancheria
The Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy contains provisions for economic resilience following a natural disaster.

Planning Documents
General/Comprehensive Plan Yes 2023 Comprehensive
Transportation and Master
Plan
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The plan includes goals and policies to minimize damage to structures, property, and infrastructure caused by natural hazards.

Capital Improvement Plan Yes Capital Improvement
Program
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The CIP addresses the existing casino plus the future casino/resort planned for the Tribe’s Martin Ranch property.

Access roads, water and wastewater infrastructure are also addressed. Warehousing and a possible retail operation are slated to be listed in the CIP update.

Stormwater Management Plan Yes Stormwater Management
Plan
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The plan includes provisions for managing excessive rain within the jurisdiction.

Economic Development Plan Yes Five Year Comprehensive
Economic Development
Strategy
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy contains provisions for economic resilience following a natural disaster.

Community Forest
Management Plan
Yes 2016-2026 Integrated
Resource Management Plan
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The plan includes goals and policies to minimize damage to DRAFT
Tribal resources caused by natural hazards.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-7 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Jurisdictio
n has this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan,
date of enactment or plan
adoption)
Authority
(local, county,
state, federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or
Agency
Transportation Plan Yes 2023 Comprehensive
Transportation Plan
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The plan includes goals and policies to minimize damage to infrastructure caused by natural hazards.

Agriculture Plan Yes 2016-2026 Integrated
Resource Management Plan
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The plan includes goals and policies to minimize damage to Tribal resources caused by natural hazards.

Climate Action/
Resilience/Sustainability Plan
In Progress Climate Action, Resiliency
and Sustainability Plan
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
In the process of completing a Climate Action, Resiliency, Sustainability Plan. Completed by 2025.

Tourism Plan Yes Five-Year Comprehensive
Economic Development
Strategy
May 2019
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy contains provisions for economic resilience following a natural disaster.

Business/ Downtown
Development Plan
Yes Five-Year Comprehensive
Economic Development
Strategy
May 2019
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy contains provisions for economic resilience following a natural disaster.

Revenue Allocation Plan Yes Revenue Allocation Plan,
adopted October 15, 2003.

Local Elk Valley Rancheria
Revenue Allocation Plan adopted October 15, 2003. Plan is not scheduled for periodic update.

Response/Recovery Planning
Emergency Operations Plan Yes Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan 2019
Federal Elk Valley Rancheria
Emergency Planner on Staff. FEMA Community Emergency Response Team Certified. Elk Valley developed a Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan in May 2019.

Continuity of Operations Plan Yes Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan 2019
Federal Elk Valley Rancheria
The plan contains provisions to continue governance following a natural hazard event.

Threat and Hazard
Identification and Risk
Assessment
Yes FEMA THIRA and SPR
Submission Annually
Federal Elk Valley Rancheria
The THIRA identifies threats and hazards that may impact Elk Valley.

Public Health Plan Yes Pandemic Response Plan
Annex to the Comprehensive
Emergency Management
Plan
Local Elk Valley Rancheria
The plan includes
DRAFT
policies related to sheltering during a public health emergency.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-8 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

6.5.2 Development and Permitting Capability
Elk Valley Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe located in unincorporated Del Norte County. The Tribe is subject to the Del Norte County and State of California building codes and land use regulations.

The Tribe does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, building code, land use, and development capabilities are not applicable to the District.

6.5.3 Administrative and Technical Capability
Table 6-3 summarizes potential staff and personnel resources available to Elk Valley Rancheria and their current responsibilities that contribute to hazard mitigation.

6.5.4 Fiscal Capability
Table 6-4 summarizes financial resources available to Elk Valley Rancheria.

6.5.5 Education and Outreach Capability
Table 6-5 summarizes the education and outreach resources available to Elk Valley Rancheria.

6.5.6 Community Classifications
Table 6-6 summarizes classifications for community programs available to Elk Valley Rancheria.

DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-9 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 6-3. Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Resources Available? Comment

ADMINISTRATIVE CAPABILITY
Planning Board Yes Disaster/Safety Committee and Cybersecurity Planning Committee
Zoning Board of Adjustment No N/A
Planning Department Yes Disaster/Safety Committee and Cybersecurity Planning Committee
Mitigation Planning Committee Yes Disaster/Safety Committee and Cybersecurity Planning Committee
Environmental Board/Commission Yes Environmental Department Open Space Board/Committee No N/A
Economic Development Commission/Committee Yes COO, CFO, Council Public Works/Highway Department Yes Transportation Department Construction/Building/Code Enforcement Department Yes Safety Department Emergency Management/Public Safety Department Yes Disaster/Safety Committee and Cybersecurity Planning Committee, Emergency
Management Department
Maintenance programs to reduce risk (stormwater
maintenance, tree trimming, etc.)
Yes Transportation and Maintenance Department
Mutual aid agreements Yes Emergency Management
Human Resources Manual - Do any job descriptions
specifically include identifying or implementing mitigation projects or other efforts to reduce natural hazard risk? No N/A
Other

TECHNICAL/STAFFING CAPABILITY
Planners or engineers with knowledge of land
development and land management practices
No N/A
Engineers or professionals trained in building or
infrastructure construction practices
No N/A
Planners or engineers with an understanding of natural
hazards
No N/A
Staff with expertise or training in benefit/cost analysis Yes Accounting; Legal Professionals trained in conducting damage assessments No N/A Personnel skilled or trained in GIS and/or Hazus
applications
Yes Environmental Department
Staff that work with socially vulnerable populations or underserved communities
Yes Disaster/Safety Committee and Cybersecurity
Planning Committee, Emergency
Management, and Human Resources
Environmental scientists familiar with natural hazards No N/A Surveyors No N/A
Emergency manager Yes Human Resources/Safety Department Grant writers Yes Grants Department
Resilience Officer
DRAFT
No N/A

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-10 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 6-4. Fiscal Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible or Eligible to Use?
Community Development Block Grants (CDBG-DR) Yes
Capital improvement project funding Yes
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes Yes
User fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service No Impact fees for homebuyers or developers of new
development/homes
No
Stormwater utility fee No
Incur debt through general obligation bonds No
Incur debt through special tax bonds No
Incur debt through private activity bonds Yes
Withhold public expenditures in hazard-prone areas No
Other federal or state funding programs Yes (Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian Health Services, USDA, US EPA, US Fire Administration, Tribal Homeland Security Grants, USACE, FEMA Stafford Act Grant Programs, Healthy Reforestation Action)
Open Space Acquisition funding programs No
Table 6-5. Education and Outreach Capabilities
Outreach Resources Available? Comment
Public information officer or communications office Yes Personnel skilled or trained in website development Yes Hazard mitigation information available on your website Yes Social media for hazard mitigation education and outreach No Citizen boards or commissions that address issues related to hazard mitigation
Yes Emergency Planning
Committee
Warning systems for hazard events No
Natural disaster/safety programs in place for schools No Organizations that conduct outreach to socially vulnerable populations and underserved populations
No
Public outreach mechanisms / programs to inform citizens on natural hazards, risk, and ways to protect themselves during such events Yes Quarterly Tribal Member
Newsletter
Table 6-6. Community Classifications
Program Participating? Classification Date Classified
Community Rating System (CRS) No - -
Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) No - - Public Protection (ISO Fire Protection Classes 1 to 10) No - - National Weather Service StormReady Certification No - - Firewise Communities classification
DRAFT
No - -

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-11 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

6.5.7 Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is defined as “the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences” (IPCC 2022). Each jurisdiction has a unique combination of capabilities to adjust to, protect from, and withstand a future hazard event, future conditions, and changing risk. Table 6-7 summarizes the adaptive capacity for each identified hazard of concern and Elk Valley Rancheria’s capability to address related actions using the following classifications:
• Strong adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does have the capability to effectively respond, plans/policies exceed minimum requirements; deployable resources all of which decreases vulnerability.
• Moderate adaptive capacity means minimum requirements are in place; moderate capabilities; mitigation measures are identified but not implemented widespread; jurisdiction can recover but needs outside resources.
• Weak adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does not have the capability to effectively respond, which leads to an increase in vulnerability. Examples include weak/outdated/inconsistent plans, policies, codes/ordinances in place; no redundancies; limited to no deployable resources; limited capabilities to respond; long recovery.

Table 6-7. Adaptive Capacity
Hazard Adaptive Capacity - Strong/Moderate/Weak
Drought Moderate
Extreme Heat Moderate
Extreme Wind Moderate
Excessive Rain Moderate
Earthquake Moderate
Flood Moderate
Landslide Moderate
Tsunami Moderate
Wildfire Moderate

6.6 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM COMPLIANCE
Elk Valley Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe located in unincorporated Del Norte County. The Tribe does not participate in the NFIP directly. Therefore, all structures located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County assessment of NFIP-insured structures with repetitive loss. This information can be found in Section 2.6.

6.7 JURISDICTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 provide detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards, including summaries of DRAFT
Elk Valley Rancheria’s risk assessment

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-12 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
results and data used to determine the hazard ranking. Key local risk assessment information is presented below.

6.7.1 Hazard Area
Hazard area maps provided below illustrate the probable hazard areas impacted within the Tribe are shown in Figure 6-1 and Figure 6-2. These maps are based on the best available data at the time of the preparation of this plan and are adequate for planning purposes. Maps are provided only for hazards that can be identified clearly using mapping techniques and technologies and for which Elk Valley Rancheria has significant exposure. The maps show the location of potential new development, where available.

6.7.2 Hazard Event History
The history of natural and non-natural hazard events in Elk Valley Rancheria is detailed in Volume 1, where each hazard profile includes a chronology of historical events that have affected the County and its municipalities. Table 6-8 provides details on loss and damage in Elk Valley Rancheria during hazard events since the last hazard mitigation plan update.

DRAFT

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Figure 6-1. Elk Valley Rancheria Flood, Tsunami, and NEHRP Soil Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-14 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 6-2. Elk Valley Rancheria Wildfire and Landslide Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-15 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 6-8. Hazard Event History in Elk Valley Rancheria Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated
? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage and
Losses in Elk Valley Rancheria
February 24
to March 1,
2019
Severe Storm
DR-4434-CA
Yes An atmospheric river spread
across northern California and
produced heavy rain that led to
localized flooding. Impacts
included flooding on Highway 199
along the west shoulder and
northbound lane.

None
January 20,
2020 to May
11, 2023
Pandemic
(COVID 10)
DR-4482-CA
EM-3428-CA
Yes The first confirmed case in
California was reported on
January 25, 2020. Del Norte
County experienced surges in
COVID-19 cases in December
2020, August to September 2021,
January to February 2022, and
July 2022. Overall, Del Norte
reported 8,005 confirmed cases
and 62 fatalities between 2020
and 2023.

Declaration Number: Resolution
2020-13
Closure of Tribally owned business
Tsunami Lanes on March 14, 2020.

Temporary closure of Tribally
owned business Elk Valley Casino
and Tribal Office March 18, 2020 –
June 1, 2020.

Number of Tribal Members
affected 80 and Number of Tribal
Employees Affected 200.

September 4
to November
17, 2020
Wildfire
DR-4569-CA
CA20-3
Yes Record-breaking hot
temperatures exacerbated
existing fire conditions, leading to
drier conditions and allowing wind
to facilitate the rapid spread of
new fires. One complex, the
Slater Fire, spread into Del Norte
County and caused damage to
roadways.

None
December 27,
2022 to
January 31,
2023
Flood
DR-4683-CA
CA23-1
Yes Atmospheric river led to multiple
heavy rainstorms and strong
winds in late December and
January. Strong wind caused
multiple trees to fall, leading to
blockages on Highways 101, 197,
and 199, and Parkway Drive.

Downed power lines caused
multiple fires. Over 10,000
customers without power in and
around Crescent City due to
strong winds.

None
February 21
to July 10,
2023
Severe Storm,
Flood
DR-4699-CA
EM-3592-CA
CA23-3
Yes Severe storms and high winds led
to mudslides and landslides.

Downed trees blocked portions of
Highway 199.

DRAFT
None

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6-16 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated
? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage and
Losses in Elk Valley Rancheria
August 15,
2023
Wildfire
CA23-5
Yes Dry thunderstorms produced
lightning strikes across the Six
Rivers National Forest. 27 fires
developed in the Gasquet Ranger
District and grew rapidly, jumping
Highway 199 causing a 3-week
closure and resulting in the
evacuation of the Town of
Gasquet. The fire destroyed hightension powerlines powering all of Del Norte County. The County
was without power through
August 25 when generators were
installed. Main transmission lines
were not repaired until
September 10. The fire burned
into October with a total of 95,000
acres burned plus 2 residences
and 3 minor structures destroyed.

Declaration Number: Resolution
2023-25
33 local Tribal Members were
directly impacted by the power
shut-off. This number does not
include household numbers. The
Tribe assisted with the
procurement and distribution of
generators to Tribal Members
affected by the outage.

Additionally, we had several
displaced Tribal Members due to
evacuation measures and air
quality issues. Several Tribal
Members had to be housed at local
hotels.

EM = FEMA Emergency Declaration; DR = FEMA Major Disaster Declaration

6.7.3 Hazard Ranking
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 have detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards. The following presents key risk assessment results for Elk Valley Rancheria.

The participating jurisdictions have differing degrees of vulnerability to the hazards of concern, so each jurisdiction ranked its own degree of risk to each hazard. The community-specific hazard ranking is based on problems and impacts identified by the risk assessment presented in Volume 1. The ranking process involves an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence for each hazard; the potential impacts of the hazard on people, property, and the economy; community capabilities to address the hazard; and changing future climate conditions. Elk Valley Rancheria reviewed the County hazard ranking and individual results to assess the relative risk of the hazards of concern to the community. During the review of the hazard ranking, Elk Valley Rancheria determined there weren’t any changes.

Table 6-9 shows Elk Valley Rancheria’s final hazard rankings for identified hazards of concern.

Mitigation action development uses the
DRAFT
ranking to target hazards with the highest risk.

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Table 6-9. Hazard Ranking
Hazard Rank
Drought Medium
Extreme Temperature Medium
Extreme Wind Low
Excessive Rain Low
Earthquake Low
Flood Low
Landslide Low
Tsunami Medium
Wildfire High
Note: The scale is based on the hazard rankings established in Volume 1, modified as appropriate based on review by the jurisdiction

6.7.4 Identified Issues
After review of Elk Valley Rancheria’s hazard event history, hazard rankings, hazard location, and current capabilities, Elk Valley Rancheria identified the following vulnerabilities within the community:
• The access to US 101 is located in the tsunami inundation zone. In the event of a tsunami, residents may be unable to access the road to evacuate.
• Several critical facilities are located in the moderate wildfire severity zone. • Tribal Governmental Offices could be impacted by flooding or seismic events, disrupting essential government functions.
• Elder housing units, Head Start and UIHS facilities onsite are vulnerable to power outages and access disruptions.
• Highway 101 road access may be blocked by wildfire, flooding, or landslide, limiting evacuation and emergency response.

Mitigation actions addressing these issues were prioritized for consideration in the action plan presented in the following section.

6.8 CONDITIONS THAT MAY IMPACT RISK

6.8.1 Population Pattern Trends
Based on U.S. Census Bureau’s American Society Survey (ACS) 5 year estimates for 2023, recent data suggest the population of Elk Valley Rancheria may have decreased from around 100 in 2020 to approximately 67 in 2023, implying a downward
DRAFT
trend in the short term.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-18 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

6.8.2 Changes in Land Use and Development
Elk Valley Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe located in unincorporated Del Norte County. The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the Tribe’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, changes in development that have occurred in hazardprone areas located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County Growth/Development Trends. This information can be found in Section 2.8.2.

6.9 MITIGATION STRATEGY AND PRIORITIZATION
This section discusses the status of mitigation actions from the previous HMP, describes proposed hazard mitigation actions, and prioritizes actions to address over the next five years.

6.9.1 Past Mitigation Action Status
Table 6-10 indicates progress on the county’s mitigation strategy identified in the 2019 HMP. Actions that are still recommended but not completed or that are in progress are carried forward and combined with new actions as part of the mitigation strategy for this plan update. Previous actions that are now ongoing programs and capabilities are indicated as such and are presented in the capability assessment earlier in this annex.

Table 6-10. Mitigation Action Status
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe original
problem and any action
updates needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
EVR-1 Where appropriate, support
retro-fitting, purchase or
relocation of structures located
in high hazard areas,
prioritizing those structures that
are located in high or medium
ranked hazard areas.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
In
Progress
Yes EVR-9 Where
appropriate, support
retro-fitting, purchase or
relocation of structures
located in high hazard
areas, prioritizing those
structures that are
located in high or medium
ranked hazard areas.

Earthquake,
Flood,
Landslide,
Tsunami,
Wildfire
EVR-2 Integrate the hazard mitigation
plan into other plans,
ordinances and programs that
dictate land use decisions in
the community, including the
Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan, Integrated
Resource Management Plan
and the Comprehensive
Master and Transportation
Plan.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
Complete No - -
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-19 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe original
problem and any action
updates needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
EVR-3 Actively participate in the plan
maintenance protocols outlined
in Volume 1 of this hazard
mitigation plan.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
Complete No - -
EVR-4 Purchase generators for critical
facilities and infrastructure that
lack adequate back-up power
including the Grants Building
and the Head Start Building.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
In
Progress
Yes EVR-4 Backup Power for
Critical Facilities, such as
the installations of solar
plus battery or generator
backup systems at critical
facilities like the Tribal
Government building,
community center,
emergency shelter, Elk
Valley UIHS, Elk Valley
Head Start, Elk Valley
Casino, and Elk Valley
Tribal Fuel Mart.

All Hazards
EVR-5 EVR-5—Inventory and assess
all culverts on Tribal lands.

Through targeted mitigation,
replace those likely to fail
during a storm event.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
In
Progress
Yes EVR-6 Protect tribal
transportation
infrastructure from natural
hazards, reduce roadway
flooding and access
disruption, ensure safe
evacuation and
emergency response
routes and improve
infrastructure resilience to
extreme weather events.

Excessive
Rain, Flood
EVR-6 Develop and implement fuels
reduction projects to reduce
wildfire hazard on Tribal lands.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
Ongoing Yes EVR-1 Implement a tribalmanaged program to reduce wildfire risk
through vegetation
thinning, brush clearing,
and defensible space
creation around homes
and critical infrastructure.

This includes clearing
100 feet around buildings,
removing dead trees, and
conducting fuel breaks in
strategic zones.

Wildfire
EVR-7 Develop a Continuity of
Operations Plan and Continuity
of Government Plan to sustain
reliable operations and
facilities during and after a
disaster.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
Ongoing Yes EVR-10 Develop a
Continuity of Operations
Plan and Continuity of
Government Plan to
sustain reliable
operations and facilities
during and after a
disaster.

DRAFT
All Hazards

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-20 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe original
problem and any action
updates needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
EVR-8 Increase Tribal member
knowledge of natural disaster
and preparedness through the
use of educational tools such
as social media, articles and
links to information on the
Tribal website and newsletter,
and through providing
preparedness trainings and
events.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
Ongoing No - -
EVR-9 Develop programs that
specifically assist Tribal Elders
and vulnerable populations in
the event of a natural disaster
such as stockpiling N95
masks, purchasing an ADA
capable van for evacuation,
etc.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
Ongoing No - -
EVR-10 Develop a Post Disaster
Recovery and Debris
Management Plan.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
Ongoing Yes EVR-11 Develop a Post
Disaster Recovery and
Debris Management
Plan.

All Hazards
EVR-11 Identify and pursue strategies
to increase adaptive capacity
to climate resiliency including
the development of a
vulnerability and adaptation
plan.

Elk Valley
Rancheria
In
Progress –
Adaptation
Plan to be
completed
in 2025
No - -

6.9.2 Additional Mitigation Efforts
In addition to the mitigation actions completed in Table 6-10, Elk Valley Rancheria identified the following mitigation efforts completed since the last HMP:
• The Elk Valley Tribal Fuel Mart was established to assist the community by ensuring uninterrupted fuel distribution. The facility is equipped with a backup generator, allowing it to remain operational during power outages.
• The Tribe has partnered with the City of Crescent City to rehabilitate the Amador Water Tank, enhancing local infrastructure and ensuring long-term water storage capacity. • The Tribe has partnered with the City of Crescent City for the installation of a surge tank to improve water system reliability and protect infrastructure from pressure fluctuations. • The Tribe has implemented a Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project on tribal lands, to reduce wildfire risk, improve forest health, and protect nearby communities and cultural resources. • The Tribe developed water infrastructure on the Martin Ranch property to support long-term community resilience.

DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-21 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• The Tribe partnered with Del Norte County and IHS for the Elk Valley Inflow and Infiltration project that aimed to identify and reduce unwanted stormwater and groundwater entering the wastewater system, improving system efficiency and preventing overflows. • The Tribe participates in the Highway 101 Climate Resilience Planning to assess vulnerabilities and implement strategies that enhance the highway’s ability to withstand climate impacts such as flooding, erosion, and extreme weather events.
• The Tribe conducts water quality testing under the Clean Water Act Section 106 grant program to monitor and protect surface water resources, ensuring compliance with environmental standards and safeguarding community health.
• The Tribe has installed new cybersecurity infrastructure to enhance data protection, safeguard critical systems, and improve overall network security. • The Tribe has completed the installation of uninterruptible power supplies and generators to ensure continuous power availability for critical facilities during outages

6.9.3 Changes in Priorities
All the priorities remain the same as outlined in HMP 2021.

6.9.4 Proposed Hazard Mitigation Actions for the HMP Update Elk Valley Rancheria participated in the mitigation strategy workshop for this HMP to identify appropriate actions to include in a local hazard mitigation strategy. Its comprehensive consideration of all possible activities to address hazards of concern included review of the following FEMA documents:
• FEMA 551 “Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures” (March 2007) • FEMA “Mitigation Ideas—A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards” (January 2013) The action worksheets included at the end of this annex list the mitigation actions that Elk Valley Rancheria would like to pursue in the future to reduce the effects of hazards. The actions are dependent upon available funding (grants and local match availability) and may be modified or omitted at any time based on the occurrence of new hazard events and changes in tribal priorities.

Table 6-11 indicates the range of proposed mitigation action categories. The four FEMA mitigation action categories are listed in the table to further demonstrate the wide range of activities and mitigation measures selected.

Volume 1 identifies four evaluation criteria for prioritizing the mitigation actions. To assist with rating each mitigation action as high, medium, or low priority, a numeric rank is assigned for each of the evaluation criteria. Table 6-12 provides a summary of the prioritization of all proposed mitigation actions for the HMP update.

DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-22 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 6-11. Analysis of Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Category Actions That Address the Hazard, by Action Category
Hazard LPR SIP NSP EAP
Drought EVR-8, EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-8 EVR-8 EVR-8
Earthquake EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-9 - EVR-3, EVR-7
Extreme Heat EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-5 - -
Excessive Rain EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-6 - EVR-7
Extreme Wind EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4 - -
Flood EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-6, EVR-9 - EVR-7
Landslide EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-9 - EVR-3, EVR-7
Tsunami EVR-2, EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-9 - EVR-2, EVR-7 Wildfire EVR-10, EVR-11 EVR-4, EVR-9 EVR-1 EVR-7
Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)—These actions include government authorities, policies or codes that influence the way land and buildings are being developed and built.

Structure and Infrastructure Project (SIP)—These actions involve modifying existing structures and infrastructure to protect them from a hazard or remove them from a hazard area. This could apply to public or private structures as well as critical facilities and infrastructure. This type of action also involves projects to construct structures to reduce the impact of hazards.

Natural Systems Protection (NSP)—These are actions that minimize damage and losses and preserve or restore the functions of natural systems.

Table 6-12. Summary of Prioritization of Actions
Project Name Cost Benefit Objectives Time Frame Score Priority Cooling Center Medium High 3 1-5 years 7.6 High
Road Closure Notification System Medium High 2 1-5 years 7.4 High Continuity Plans Low Medium 1 1-5 years 7.2 High
Post-Disaster Plans Low Medium 1 1-5 years 7.2 High
Water Conservation Program Medium Medium 5 1-5 years 7 Medium Flooded Culverts High High 4 1-5 years 6.8 Medium
Backup Power High High 3 1-5 years 6.6 Medium
Wildfire Risk Reduction High High 2 1-5 years 6.4 Medium Earthquake Education Campaign Medium Medium 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium Structures in Hazard Areas High High 3 1-10 years 5.6 Medium Tsunami Preparedness Strategy High Medium 2 1-5 years 5.4 Medium Note: Volume 1 of the HMP provides
DRAFT
guidance on prioritizing mitigation actions. Low (0-5), Medium (5-7), High (7-9).

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-23 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

6.9.5 Mitigation Strategy
The following pages list the specific plan for each mitigation action, including the agency responsible for implementation, potential funding sources, and expected timeframe for completion.

DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-24 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-1 Wildfire Risk Reduction
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☐Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☐Flood
☐Landslide
☐Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The Elk Valley Rancheria is located in a wildfire prone region of Del Norte County, California. With rising temperatures, prolonged drought, and increased vegetation density, the risk of severe wildfires threatening tribal housing, cultural resources, and infrastructure has intensified. Limited ingress and egress routes further increase vulnerability during evacuation events. In 2020, 2022, and 2023 nearby wildfires came close to tribal lands, and we had several tribal members evacuated due to the fires.

Description of the Solution: Implement a tribal-managed program to reduce wildfire risk through vegetation thinning, brush clearing, and defensible space creation around homes and critical infrastructure. This includes clearing 100 feet around buildings, removing dead trees, and conducting fuel breaks in strategic zones.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Wildland Fire Management Program CAL FIRE Forest Health Grant Program
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years. The Tribe is already taking steps on hazardous fuels reduction and defensible space on Tribal lands but this is an ongoing project that should be conducted annually.

Objectives Met: 1,4
Benefits: The benefit of avoiding wildfire damages (evacuation, home loss, cultural site destruction) outweighs the cost of proactive fuel reduction. Implementing this program reduces the probability of catastrophic loss and ensures quicker response time during emergencies.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

Wildfires pose a disproportionate threat to socially vulnerable populations within the Elk Valley Rancheria, California, including elders, low-income households, individuals with disabilities, and those without access to transportation. Many residents rely on a single evacuation route, and power outages can impair communications, refrigeration for medications, and access to emergency services.

Impact on Future
Development:

Wildfire risk has a direct influence on future development planning within Elk Valley Rancheria. Without proactive mitigation, increased development could amplify exposure to wildfire hazards, strain emergency resources, and place tribal residents and infrastructure in harm’s way.

Key Fire Impacts on Future Development:
• Land Use Restrictions: Areas identified as high wildfire hazard zones may become unsuitable or restricted for residential or community development unless additional mitigation (e.g., fuel breaks, fire-resistant construction) is implemented. • Increased Development Costs: Builders and the Tribe may face higher costs due to stricter building codes, insurance premiums, and the need for defensible space, fire-resistant materials, and infrastructure hardening. • Evacuation and Access Planning: New developments will require careful consideration of ingress/egress routes, road widths, and emergency vehicle access due to wildfire evacuation risks. Fire mitigation may require rethinking subdivision layouts or road extensions.
• Strain on Fire Response Capacity: Growth without corresponding investments in fire protection services could stretch limited resources. Wildfire mitigation helps DRAFT
offset this by reducing ignition potential and fire intensity in new development areas.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-25 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Wildfires pose a severe threat to critical facilities and lifelines that are essential for Elk Valley Rancheria’s safety, emergency response, and continuity of services. A significant fire event could cause physical damage, operational disruptions, or total service loss, particularly in a region with limited emergency access and rural infrastructure.

At-Risk Critical Facilities
• Tribal Administration Offices – Loss would disrupt governance and coordination during emergencies.
• Sam Lopez Community Center – Serves as a gathering point and emergency shelter; must remain operational during crises.
• Elk Valley Tribal Fuel Mart – Provides fuel during power outages and supports emergency generator capacity.
• Elk Valley Casino – Provides food to the community during power outages and supports emergency generator capacity.
• Water Infrastructure (Martin Ranch Property) – Wildfire could damage pump stations, tanks, and pipelines, cutting off potable water.

Impact on Capabilities: Energy – fire threatens power lines and transformers; outages disrupt critical systems.

Water – Wildfire can damage water delivery and contaminate supplies through ash and runoff.

Communications- Burned telecom lines and cell towers interrupt emergency alerts and coordination.

Transportation – Evacuation routes can be cut off by fire or debris, isolating facilities and residents.

Health and Medical – Air quality and facility closures compromise care for vulnerable residents.

Safety and Security – Fire-damaged roads and facilities slow fire response, law enforcement and EMS.

Climate Change
Considerations:

Increased temperatures- More hot days and heatwaves accelerate vegetation drying, increasing ignition potential.

Longer Droughts – Reduced soil and fuel moisture make wildfire spread faster and burn more intensely.

Shifting Precipitation Patterns – More intense winter rains followed by dry summers lead to greater vegetation growth.

Wind Events- Climate driven shifts may increase high wind events, further exacerbating fire spread.

Dry Lightning- in August 2023 Del Norte County was affected by the Smith River Complex Fire which was started by approximately 150 lightning strikes that ignited multiple fires which eventually merged into the Smith River Complex, burning over 30,000 acres.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☐Structure and Infrastructure Project (SIP)
☒Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-26 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-2 Tsunami Preparedness Strategy
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services, FEMA Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☐Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☐Flood
☐Landslide
☒Tsunami
☐Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Elk Valley Rancheria is located less than 2 miles from the Pacific Ocean and is vulnerable to tsunamis generated by earthquakes along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. A major offshore earthquake could generate a tsunami that impacts the nearby Crescent City harbor area within 10–30 minutes, causing flooding, infrastructure damage, and significant threat to life and tribal cultural assets.

Historical events, such as the 1964 Alaska earthquake tsunami, caused catastrophic damage in Crescent City, including 11 deaths and destruction of most of the downtown harbor area—only a few miles from tribal lands.

Description of the Solution: Develop and implement a tsunami-specific emergency preparedness strategy that includes:
• Community education campaigns and drills
• Coordination with Del Norte County and NOAA for alert systems Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP)
Tribal Homeland Security Grants
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Emergency Management Grants NOAA Tsunami Ready Program Support
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years. The Tribe is already taking steps on outreach to Tribal members.

The Tribe also installed an electronic sign to assist with getting messages out to the community. Drills and training should continue annually with the County.

Objectives Met: 1,3
Benefits: Lives saved through early evacuation and reduced injury/damage due to preparedness far outweigh the relatively low cost of signage, outreach, and planning.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

Tsunamis pose a disproportionate risk to socially vulnerable populations in Elk Valley Rancheria, particularly:
• Elders with limited mobility
• Low-income households without personal vehicles
• Children and youth, especially during school hours
• Individuals with disabilities or medical needs
• Non-English speakers or those with limited access to emergency alerts Impact on Future Development: Tsunami risk directly affects land use, infrastructure investment, and long-term planning decisions for future development in Elk Valley Rancheria. As a coastal community within tsunami evacuation zones, the Tribe must consider DRAFT
this hazard when planning housing, critical facilities, and community services.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-27 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Tsunamis pose a severe and sudden threat to Elk Valley Rancheria’s critical facilities and essential lifeline services. Due to the Tribe’s proximity to the Pacific coastline and low-lying terrain, a tsunami generated by a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake could cause rapid, catastrophic flooding within minutes.

Impact on Capabilities: Energy – flooding of substations or generators may cut off electricity for days or weeks.

Water – Wells, pumps, and water tanks may be contaminated or physically damaged.

Communications- Damage to cell towers or lines may disable alerts and emergency communications.

Transportation- Roads near the coast may flood or be destroyed, impeding evacuation and response.

Health and Medical – Limited access to clinics or shelters may leave injured or vulnerable residents without care.

Safety and Security – Inundation may isolate law enforcement and responders form impacted areas.

Climate Change Considerations: Sea Level Rise - Rising sea levels exacerbate tsunami impacts by increasing baseline water levels, causing greater inundation depth and inland flooding during tsunami events. Even moderate tsunamis may reach farther inland, threatening additional tribal lands and infrastructure. Sea level rise also contributes to higher groundwater tables, increasing flood risk.

Increased Storm Surge and Coastal Erosion- Climate driven intensification of storms and wave action accelerates coastal erosion, potentially degrading natural barriers that can reduce tsunami wave energy. Loss of dunes, wetlands, and other buffers reduces protection for low-lying tribal areas.

Changing Precipitation Patterns- Increased rainfall variability can affect watershed conditions, potentially impacting emergency response routes and recovery after tsunami flooding.

Mitigation Category ☒Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☐Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☒Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-28 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-3 Earthquake Education Campaign
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting
Agencies:

Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☐Flood
☒Landslide
☐Tsunami
☐Wildfire
Description of the
Problem:

Elk Valley Rancheria is located in a seismically active region of Northern California near the Cascadia Subduction Zone. A major earthquake could result in structural damage, disruption of utilities, injuries, and loss of life. Older buildings, critical facilities, and lifelines are particularly vulnerable due to outdated seismic standards and proximity to faults such as the Gorda and Cascadia faults.

Description of the
Solution:

Develop and implement a tribal-wide Earthquake Preparedness and Response Education Campaign. This includes:
• Workshops and drills for households and staff
• Earthquake safety kits for elders and families
• “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” training
• Multilingual materials for outreach
• Coordination with local schools and emergency responders Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding
Sources:

FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM)
Tribal Homeland Security Grant Program (THSGP)
CDC Public Health Emergency Preparedness
Implementation
Timeline:
1-5 years
Objectives Met: 3
Benefits: The primary benefit of this mitigation action is a more informed, prepared, and resilient Tribal community that can respond effectively to earthquakes, reducing injuries, confusion, and postdisaster trauma.

DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-29 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Impact on Socially
Vulnerable
Populations:

This mitigation action will have a strong positive impact on socially vulnerable populations within Elk Valley Rancheria. These groups such as elders, individuals with disabilities, lowincome households, single-parent families, and non-English speakers often face greater risk during and after earthquakes due to limited resources, mobility, or access to information.

Key Benefits:
• Targeted Outreach:

Materials will be adapted for elders, people with disabilities, and those with limited English proficiency (e.g., visual aids, translated materials, plain-language instructions). • Accessible Training Events:

Events will be held at familiar, accessible community locations with transportation assistance if needed, ensuring full participation.
• Distribution of Earthquake Kits:

Emergency kits prioritized for low-income households and elders will reduce inequities in disaster readiness.
• Improved Self-Sufficiency:

Education empowers vulnerable residents to make informed decisions, increasing their ability to protect themselves and assist others during a disaster. • Reduced Dependence on Emergency Services:

A more prepared population reduces demand on limited emergency services during the immediate response phase, allowing first responders to focus on the most critical needs. • Inclusive Planning:

Vulnerable populations will be engaged in planning activities, ensuring that their specific needs and voices are reflected in emergency protocols.

Impact on Future
Development:

Supports long-term resilience and encourages new development to follow enhanced seismic standards.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Indirect but important. Trained staff and residents can better respond to protect facilities during and after seismic events.

Impact on
Capabilities:

The proposed education campaign will significantly enhance Elk Valley Rancheria’s capabilities to prepare for, respond to, and recover from an earthquake. Specific impacts include:
• Improved Individual and Household Preparedness:

Residents will gain knowledge on evacuation procedures, home safety measures, and emergency communication plans. This reduces panic and increases self-reliance during a disaster.
• Enhanced Emergency Response Coordination:

By engaging Tribal departments and local agencies in drills and training, the Tribe will improve inter-agency coordination and clarify roles and responsibilities in earthquake scenarios.
• Stronger Community Engagement:

Regular outreach builds trust, promotes participation, and increases the likelihood that residents will follow instructions during emergencies.
• Capacity Building for Tribal Staff and Volunteers:

Training equips Tribal employees, health workers, and volunteers with skills in first aid, search and rescue basics, and incident command support. • Establishment of Institutional Knowledge:

The program creates materials and protocols that can be adapted or expanded in future disasters. These can become part of new employee orientations and annual safety briefings.
• Improved Recovery Readiness:

Educated residents and staff are better prepared to assess damage, locate aid resources, and support community-based recovery efforts post-event.

Climate Change
Considerations:

While earthquakes are not climate-driven, a prepared and educated population is better DRAFT
equipped to handle overlapping disasters (e.g., earthquake followed by wildfire or flooding).

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-30 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☐Structure and Infrastructure Project (SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☒Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-31 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-4 Backup Power
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services, FEMA Hazards of Concern: ☒Drought
☒Earthquake
☒Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Extreme wind events, including coastal windstorms and winter storms, frequently lead to power outages in Del Norte County. When the grid fails, Tribal critical facilities such as the community center, health clinic, and emergency shelter are at risk of becoming non-operational. Without backup power, the Tribe’s capacity to provide medical support, emergency shelter, heating, refrigeration, and communications is severely diminished, especially for elders and medically vulnerable individuals.

Description of the Solution: Backup Power for Critical Facilities, such as the installations of solar plus battery or generator backup systems at critical facilities like the Tribal Government building, community center, emergency shelter, Elk Valley UIHS, Elk Valley Head Start, Elk Valley Casino, and Elk Valley Tribal Fuel Mart.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) US Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Tribal Climate Resilience Program Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years. Planning and engineering 6-9 months and Procurement and Installation 9-18 months
Objectives Met: 1,2,5
Benefits: Saves lives and prevents medical emergencies during outages, reduces emergency costs and sheltering burden, increases Tribal self-sufficiency and reduces dependence on outside aid and long-term utility savings with solar + storage systems
Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

High. Ensures that elders, individuals with medical devices, and low-income families have access to climate controlled shelter, medical services, and food storage during outages.

Impact on Future Development: Promotes integration of backup power systems in new facility construction and Tribal energy resilience planning.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Directly enhances the resilience of Tribal lifelines power, health, shelter, and communication by ensuring these services remain functional during grid failures.

Impact on Capabilities: Enables continuous operation of emergency services, improves ability to shelter-in-place, reduces disruption to healthcare and food systems, and Builds long-term Tribal energy infrastructure capacity.

Climate Change Considerations: Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of storms, intensifying wind impacts and power outages. Solar + battery systems offer renewable, sustainable energy resilience.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority
DRAFT
Medium

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-32 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-5 Cooling Center
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting
Agencies:

Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services
Hazards of
Concern:
☐Drought
☐Earthquake
☒Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☐Flood
☐Landslide
☐Tsunami
☐Wildfire
Description of the
Problem:

Due to climate change, Northern California, including Elk Valley Rancheria is experiencing longer, more intense heat waves. Prolonged extreme heat events can cause heatstroke, dehydration, and exacerbate chronic health conditions, especially among elders, young children, and those with limited access to cooling. Many Tribal members live in homes without air conditioning or energy-efficient insulation, increasing heat exposure risk.

Description of the
Solution:

Establish a permanent Cooling Center Program and distribute home cooling support for vulnerable residents. This might include: designating and retrofitting existing buildings (e.g., community center) as official cooling centers with air conditioning, water, cots, and medical supplies, offering transportation to cooling centers during high heat events, distributing portable air conditioning units or fans and weatherization kits for elders and at-risk households Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding
Sources:

FEMA HMGP
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Tribal Climate Resilience Program Indian Health Service Community Health Grants
Department of Energy Weatherization Assistance Program
Local utility rebates or assistance programs
Implementation
Timeline:
1-5 years. Planning and retrofitting 3-6 month and program launch and supply distribution seasonal
Objectives Met: 1,2,3
Benefits: Prevents heat-related illness and death, reduces emergency room visits and healthcare burden, promotes community wellness and equity, and builds long-term infrastructure for heat adaptation.

Impact on Socially
Vulnerable
Populations:

Direct and significant. The program focuses on protecting elders, low-income households, medically fragile individuals, and those without adequate cooling or transportation. Provides safe cooling locations and equipment to those most at risk, reduces health emergencies and utility stress for fixed income households, and promotes equity in assess to heat protection and emergency services.

Impact on Future
Development:

Encourages heat-resilient building designs and consideration of passive cooling features in new construction.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Ensures the community center and public buildings remain accessible, safe, and functional as refuge sites during prolonged heat emergencies.

Impact on
Capabilities:

Enhances public health protection, strengthens emergency preparedness infrastructure, improves resilience of housing and community facilities, and builds awareness of heat hazards and climate risks.

Climate Change
Considerations:

This action directly addresses a growing climate hazard: rising temperatures and more frequent heat waves. It builds adaptive capacity for both current and future extreme heat conditions.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒Structure and Infrastructure Project (SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority
DRAFT
High

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-33 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-6 Flooded Culverts
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☐Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☐Landslide
☐Tsunami
☐Wildfire
Description of the
Problem:

Elk Valley Rancheria is located in a low lying coastal area vulnerable to flooding from heavy rainfall, nearby stream overflow, and storm surge events. Several residential areas and Tribal facilities are located near flood prone zones. These events threaten housing, disrupt transportation, damage infrastructure, and increase health risks due to mold and water contamination. With climate change, sea level rise and more intense storms are expected to worsen flood frequency and severity. Several roads and access points within Elk Valley Rancheria experience flooding during heavy rainfall due to undersized, clogged, or aging culverts. These blockages lead to overland flow, road washouts, and limited access to housing and critical facilities. As storm intensity increases due to climate change, existing culvert systems are no longer adequate for peak stormwater runoff.

Description of the
Solution:

Protect tribal transportation infrastructure from natural hazards, reduce roadway flooding and access disruption, ensure safe evacuation and emergency response routes and improve infrastructure resilience to extreme weather events.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding
Sources:

FEMA HMGP
US Department of Transportation
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Road Maintenance or IRR Program EPA Clean Water Infrastructure Grants
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,3,5
Benefits: Avoids emergency road closures and costly repairs, reduces flood damage to Tribal roads and adjacent properties, enhances long-term infrastructure reliability and safety, and may improve ecological outcomes with proper drainage design.

Impact on Socially
Vulnerable Populations:

High. Many low-income and elder households depend on these roadways for safe access to healthcare, food, and emergency services. Preventing road closures protects lives and reduces isolation during storms. Ensures safe access for elders, persons with disabilities, and households without alternative transportation, reduces the risk of being stranded during emergencies, and increases equity in infrastructure investments.

Impact on Future
Development:

Improves road infrastructure to support future Tribal housing or facility expansion, while reducing risk to new construction.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Protects access routes for emergency responders, utilities, and evacuation paths, ensuring continuity of operations during flood events.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthens flood protection infrastructure, reduces recurring road damage and emergency repair costs, enhances emergency preparedness and response and supports sustainable Tribal infrastructure management
Climate Change
Considerations:

Culverts will be sized based on future rainfall intensity projections, supporting long-term resilience to climate-driven flood increases.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒Structure and Infrastructure Project (SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority
DRAFT
Medium

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-34 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-7 Road Closure Notification System
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Road closures due to flooding, landslides, or storm damage are common in Del Norte County and can isolate portions of the Elk Valley Rancheria. Without timely notification, residents, especially elders or those without smartphones, may unknowingly travel into blocked or hazardous areas. Lack of official detour information hinders access to emergency services, Tribal facilities, and shelters.

Description of the Solution: Develop a Tribal Road Closure Notification System with Alternative Route Planning.

This action includes:
• Road status notification system using texts, emails, LED signage, social media, and website alerts
• Real-time coordination with Tribal police and emergency personnel • Printed and digital maps showing safe detour routes for common closure scenarios • Pre-positioned signage and barricades for use during events • Outreach to ensure residents know how to subscribe to alerts or access road status updates
Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA HMGP
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Transportation or Tribal Climate Resilience Program California Office of Emergency Services
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 2,3
Benefits: Improve emergency communication infrastructure, maintain safe access to facilities and housing, reduce transportation risk during hazard events, and build trust in Tribal emergency response systems. Prevents travel into danger zones, supports coordinated, efficient response, improves quality of life and hazard preparedness, and saves time, fuel, and emergency service costs.

Impact on Socially
Vulnerable Populations:

High. This system is critical for elders, low-income residents, and people without GPS or mobile app access. It ensures inclusive access to vital hazard information. Provides early warning and detour info to residents without smartphones or vehicles, ensures safer, faster evacuation for those who need assistance, and supports public safety for the whole community.

Impact on Future
Development:

Improves preparedness for new housing clusters and facilities by ensuring they are incorporated into closure/detour planning.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Enables continued access to the clinic, emergency shelter, water tanks, and utility access roads during disasters. Prevents delays in emergency response.

Impact on Capabilities: Enhances communication and response coordination, improves transportation safety and reliability, builds community confidence and preparedness, and reduces risk of injury or stranding.

Climate Change
Considerations:

As extreme weather increases, road closures due to flood and storm events will become more frequent. This system supports long-term resilience and adaptive DRAFT
response.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-35 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☐Structure and Infrastructure Project (SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☒Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-36 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-8 Water Conservation Program
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☒Drought
☐Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☐Flood
☐Landslide
☐Tsunami
☐Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Drought has the potential to impact water availability for residents and agricultural enterprises.

Description of the Solution: Develop a Tribal Water Conservation Program. Key actions include:
• Water Conservation: Encouraging efficient water use through education, incentives, and updated plumbing standards.
• Infrastructure Improvements: Repairing aging pipes to reduce water loss and expanding storage capacity through reservoirs or underground recharge.
• Alternative Water Sources: Implementing rainwater harvesting, stormwater reuse, greywater systems, and water recycling for non-potable uses. • Drought-Resilient Landscaping: Promoting native and drought-tolerant vegetation in public and private spaces.
• Agricultural Adaptation: Supporting farmers with tools like soil moisture sensors, drip irrigation, and drought-tolerant crop varieties. • Drought Planning and Policy: Developing local drought contingency plans, enforcing water restrictions during shortages, and integrating drought resilience into long-term land use and water management policies.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA HMGP
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Transportation or Tribal Climate Resilience Program
California Office of Emergency Services
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,3,4,5
Benefits: Implementing drought mitigation strategies provides significant short- and long-term benefits to communities, ecosystems, and local economies.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

High. Socially vulnerable populations—such as the elderly, low-income households, communities of color, people with disabilities, immigrants, and Indigenous communities—often face disproportionate impacts from drought due to limited access to resources, services, and adaptive capacity.

Impact on Future Development: High. Socially vulnerable populations—such as the elderly, low-income households, communities of color, people with disabilities, immigrants, and Indigenous communities—often face disproportionate impacts from drought due to limited access to resources, services, and adaptive capacity.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

N/A
Impact on Capabilities: Drought can significantly disrupt critical lifelines—the essential systems that support public safety, health, and economic continuity. Prolonged water shortages and heat-related stress can strain or degrade the functionality of DRAFT
these systems, leading to cascading impacts across entire communities.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-37 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Climate Change Considerations: As global temperatures rise, changes in precipitation patterns, reduced snowpack, and increased evaporation rates will amplify existing water stress and complicate long-term drought planning and recovery.

Mitigation Category ☒Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☒Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☒Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-38 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-9 Structures in Hazard Areas
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Elk Valley Rancheria has structure located in hazard areas that are at risk from natural hazards.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA HMGP
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Tribal Climate Resilience Program Implementation Timeline: 1-10 years
Objectives Met: 3,4,5
Benefits: By re-locating or retrofitting structures to make them more resilient to natural hazards, this action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will benefit those who are unable or unwilling to evacuate by making their homes and businesses more secure and will reduce recovery costs on economically constrained people and businesses.

Impact on Future Development: Encourages the construction of new development outside of hazard areas.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Relocating or retrofitting critical facilities makes them more resilient to natural hazard impacts.

Impact on Capabilities: By providing stronger structures, responders will be able to work more consistently and maintain services, even during natural hazard events.

Climate Change Considerations: This action prepared for a future where hazard events are more frequent and intense.

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-39 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-10 Continuity Plans
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☒Drought
☒Earthquake
☒Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Elk Valley does not have a Continuity of Operations Plan or Continuity of Governance Plan.

Description of the Solution: Develop a Continuity of Operations Plan and Continuity of Government Plan to sustain reliable operations and facilities during and after a disaster.

Estimated Cost: Low
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA HMGP
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Tribal Climate Resilience Program Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 4
Benefits: Developing a COOP and COG will have a long-term reduction of risk to life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action improves the likelihood that the Tribe will be available to assist residents during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will identify alternate facilities that could house government operations during an emergency and may result in additional facilities being identified as critical.

Impact on Capabilities: By providing stronger continuity policies and procedures, responders will be able to work more consistently and maintain services, even during natural hazard events.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☒Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

6. Elk Valley Rancheria
6-40 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
EVR-11 Post-Disaster Plans
Lead Agency: Elk Valley Rancheria, California
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☒Drought
☒Earthquake
☒Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Elk Valley does not have a Post Disaster Recovery or Debris Management Plan.

Description of the Solution: Develop a Post Disaster Recovery and Debris Management Plan.

Estimated Cost: Low
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA HMGP
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Tribal Climate Resilience Program Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 2
Benefits: Developing post-disaster plans will have a long-term reduction of risk to life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

Recovery plans will identify the roles and responsibilities to get vulnerable populations back to normal after a disaster.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

N/A
Impact on Capabilities: Recovery plans outline recovery policies and procedures that expedite the recovery process.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☒Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☐Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-1 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

7. GASQUET COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT
This jurisdictional annex to the Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) provides information to assist public and private sectors in the Gasquet Community Service District with reducing losses from future hazard events. This annex is not guidance of what to do when a disaster occurs; its focus is on actions that can be implemented prior to a disaster to reduce or eliminate damage to property and people. The annex presents a general overview of Gasquet Community Service District, describes who participated in the planning process, assesses Gasquet Community Service District’s risk, vulnerability, and capabilities, and outlines a strategy for achieving a more resilient community.

7.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM
The Gasquet Community Service District identified primary and alternate HMP points of contact and developed this plan over the course of several months. Steven Kasmer represented the community on the Del Norte County HMP Planning Partnership and Steering Committee and supported the local planning process by securing input from persons with specific knowledge to enhance the plan. All departments were asked to contribute to the annex development through reviewing and contributing to the capability assessment, reporting on the status of previously identified actions, and participating in action identification and prioritization.

Table 7-1 summarizes District officials who participated in the development of the annex and in what capacity. Additional documentation of the District’s planning activities through Planning Partnership meetings is included in Volume 1.

Table 7-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team
Primary Point of Contact Alternate Point of Contact
Name/Title: Steven Kasmar, Chair
Address: 250 Middle Fork Road, Gasquet, CA 95543
Phone Number: (707) 457-3124
Email: [email protected]
Name/Title: John Angst, Supervisor
Address: PO 86, Gasquet, CA, 95543
Phone Number: 707-457-3107
Email:

7.2 COMMUNITY PROFILE
The Del Norte County General Plan (2003) and Zoning Code guides land use decisions within the unincorporated portion of Del Norte County including the community of Gasquet. The Gasquet CSD generally contains rural residential and visitor serving commercial development and is surrounded by resource lands including the Six Rivers National Forest.

According to the Census, the total population in Del Norte County was 27,507 in 2000 and 28,610 in 2010. The population grew in Del Norte County at a rate of 4.0 percent between 2000 and 2010, or at an annual growth rate of 0.4 percent.

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-2 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
According to the U.S. Census, the 2022 population for Crescent City was 6,379, a 12.7 percent decrease from the 2010 Census. The Crescent City population has continued to decline, with the U.S.

Census estimating the 2024 Crescent City population at 6,209, a 7.0 percent decrease.

7.2.1 Service Area and Trends
The Gasquet CSD provides water service for domestic use and fire protection to the unincorporated community of Gasquet. The District is located along U.S. Highway 199, approximately 376 miles north of San Francisco, 22 miles south of the Oregon border and 21 miles east of Crescent City. Covering approximately 1.78 square miles, the District is located within the Smith River National Recreation Area, bisected by the Wild and Scenic Smith River, which encompasses the largest undammed Wild and Scenic River watershed in the U.S., and is entirely surrounded by the Six Rivers National Forest.

With only one incorporated city, Crescent City, most of the County’s population exists in unincorporated communities that qualify as “disadvantaged”.

7.3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to the public that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. In addition to that work, Gasquet Community Services District completed specific activities to collect input on hazards and vulnerability from the people the District serves. The public was invited to participate in the plan by responding to the public survey, attending a virtual Steering Committee meeting, attending an in-person meeting, and reviewing the draft plan. The public survey was shared through the local Facebook site to involve all members of the community.

In addition to that work, the District partnered with the County to post information about the HMP update at local businesses and community gathering areas, such as the Gasquet Market and the American Legion Hall. Figure 7-1 shows selected outreach efforts and Appendix A includes all outreach efforts.

Figure 7-1. Public Outreach by Gasquet CSD
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-3 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

7.3.1 Public Feedback Integration
Of the 196 responses to the public survey, 52 respondents reported that they received services from the District. These 52 respondents were extremely or very concerned about landslides and wildfires.

They reported receiving emergency information through mass notifications, government websites and newsletters, public meetings, TV/radio, and Facebook. They expressed concern about the high risk for wildfires in Gasquet, connection to federal lands that enhance fire risk, defensible space, and communication during evacuations. The mitigation strategy was prioritized with these concerns and community limitations in mind.

7.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to stakeholders that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. In addition to that work, the District invited stakeholders to participate in the planning process. The following organizations were invited to participate by attending a Steering Committee meeting, responding to the stakeholder survey, contributing information and expertise to the plan, and reviewing the draft plan:

7.4.1 Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation Activities • Gasquet Neighbors Helping Neighbors
• Gasquet Volunteer Fire Department
• Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission
• California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
• USDA Rural Development

7.4.2 Agencies that Have the Authority to Regulate Development • Del Norte County Planning Division

7.4.3 Neighboring Communities
• Big Rock Community Services District
• HRC Community Services District
• Klamath Community Services District
• Smith River Community Services District

7.4.4 Representatives of Business, Academia, and Other Private Organizations
• Pacific Power
• Cal Air Life Flight
• Del Norte Unified School District
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-4 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

7.4.5 Nonprofit Organizations and Community-Based Organizations • Gasquet Neighbors Helping Neighbors
• Gasquet American Legion

7.5 JURISDICTIONAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT AND INTEGRATION Gasquet Community Services District performed an inventory and analysis of existing capabilities, plans, programs, and policies that enhance its ability to implement mitigation strategies. Volume 1 describes the components included in the capability assessment and their significance for hazard mitigation planning. The jurisdictional assessment for this annex includes analyses of the following:
• Planning and regulatory capabilities
• Administrative and technical capabilities
• Fiscal capabilities
• Education and outreach capabilities
• Adaptive capacity to withstand hazard events
For a community to succeed in reducing long-term risk, hazard mitigation must be integrated into dayto-day local government operations. As part of the hazard mitigation analysis, planning and /policy documents were reviewed and each jurisdiction was surveyed to obtain a better understanding of their progress toward plan integration. Development of an updated mitigation strategy provided an opportunity for Gasquet Community Services District to identify opportunities for integrating mitigation concepts into ongoing District procedures.

7.5.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration As a special district in Del Norte County, the District follow County ordinances, codes, and regulations.

Table 7-2 summarizes the planning and regulatory tools specific to Gasquet CSD.

7.5.2 Building Codes, Land Use, and Development
Gasquet Community Services District is a special district located in unincorporated Del Norte County.

The District is subject to the Del Norte County and State of California building codes and land use regulations.

The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, building code, land use, and development capabilities are not applicable to the District.

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-5 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 7-2. Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Jurisdictio
n has this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan,
date of enactment or plan
adoption)
Authority
(local, county,
state, federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or
Agency
Codes, Ordinances, & Regulations
Code/Ordinance/Resolution Yes Resolution September 6,
1968; Enabling Legislation:

Community Service District
Law, CA Government code
61000
County Del Norte County
Board of Supervisors
Resolution allows special district to be formed to supply potable water to district residents and street lighting services.

Planning Documents
Municipal Service Review Yes Gasquet Community
Services District Municipal
Service Review and Sphere
of Influence Update, April
2016
District Gasquet Community
Services District
This Municipal Service Review and Sphere of Influence Update provides information about the services and boundaries of the Gasquet Community Services District. The report is for use by the Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) in conducting a statutorily required review and update process. This report provides LAFCo with a tool to study current and future public service conditions comprehensively and to evaluate organizational options for accommodating growth, preventing urban sprawl, and ensuring that critical services are provided efficiently. The report references the HMP when discussing the District’s infrastructure at risk of seismic activity.

7.5.3 Administrative and Technical Capability
Table 7-3 summarizes potential staff and personnel resources available to Gasquet Community Services District and their current responsibilities that contribute to hazard mitigation.

7.5.4 Fiscal Capability
The District’s primary revenue sources include water fees and service fees (standby and hook-up fees).

The District’s primary operational expenditures are salaries, utilities, professional fees, and loan repayment. The District has consistently operated with excess revenues which are budgeted towards system upgrades and saved in capital improvement and emergency reserve accounts.

Table 7-4 summarizes financial resources available to Gasquet Community Services District.

7.5.5 Education and Outreach Capability
Table 7-5 summarizes the education and outreach resources available to Gasquet Community Services District.

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-6 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 7-3. Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Resources Available? Comment

ADMINISTRATIVE CAPABILITY
Planning Board Yes Gasquet CSD has a 5 Member Elected board Maintenance programs to reduce risk
(stormwater maintenance, tree trimming,
etc.)
Yes District employees

TECHNICAL/STAFFING CAPABILITY
Planners or engineers with knowledge
of land development and land
management practices
Yes On-call engineering consultants selected through requests for statements of qualifications; currently in contract negotiations; Resident surveyors and U.S. Forest Service experts
Engineers or professionals trained in
building or infrastructure construction
practices
Yes Board of Directors wealth of experience; County resources; employees with hands-on experience
Planners or engineers with an
understanding of natural hazards
Yes Local Civil Engineers who act as consultants to the district Personnel skilled or trained in GIS
and/or Hazus applications
Yes Local resident Surveyors available on contract basis Surveyors Yes Local Surveyors available on consulting basis Emergency manager Yes John Angst, General Manager
Grant writers Yes On-Call Engineering Firm contract currently working on a project (GHD)
Table 7-4. Fiscal Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible or Eligible to Use?
Community Development Block Grants (CDBG, CDBG-DR) No
Capital improvement project funding Yes
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes No
User fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service Yes (Water) Impact fees for homebuyers or developers of new development/homes Yes Incur debt through general obligation bonds No
Incur debt through special tax bonds No
Incur debt through private activity bonds No
Other federal or state funding programs Yes
Open Space Acquisition funding programs No
Other (for example, Clean Water Act 319 Grants [Nonpoint Source Pollution]) DRAFT
Perhaps

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-7 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 7-5. Education and Outreach Capabilities
Outreach Resources Available? Comment
Public information officer or communications office No
Personnel skilled or trained in website development No
Hazard mitigation information available on your website No Social media for hazard mitigation education and outreach No Citizen boards or commissions that address issues related to hazard mitigation
Yes Water District Board of Directors
Warning systems for hazard events Yes Posted Public Notices, Local Radio Announcements, Fire Dept. & Law
Enforcement Radio, Telephone
Organizations that conduct outreach to socially vulnerable populations and underserved populations
Yes Web Site Contains Link for assistance
for Low-income families
Public outreach mechanisms / programs to inform citizens on natural hazards, risk, and ways to protect themselves during such events
Yes Neighbors helping Neighbors hosts
monthly meetings and trainings
Del Norte Fire Council
Fire Department & Law Enforcement
Radio & County Office of Emergency
Services

7.5.6 Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is defined as “the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences” (IPCC 2022). Each jurisdiction has a unique combination of capabilities to adjust to, protect from, and withstand a future hazard event, future conditions, and changing risk. Table 7-6 summarizes the adaptive capacity for each identified hazard of concern and the District’s capability to address related actions using the following classifications:
• Strong adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does have the capability to effectively respond, plans/policies exceed minimum requirements; deployable resources all of which decreases vulnerability.
• Moderate adaptive capacity means minimum requirements are in place; moderate capabilities; mitigation measures are identified but not implemented widespread; jurisdiction can recover but needs outside resources.
• Weak adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does not have the capability to effectively respond, which leads to an increase in vulnerability. Examples include weak/outdated/inconsistent plans, policies, codes/ordinances in place; no redundancies; limited to no deployable resources; limited capabilities to respond; long recovery.

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-8 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 7-6. Adaptive Capacity
Hazard Adaptive Capacity - Strong/Moderate/Weak
Drought Moderate
Extreme Heat Moderate
Extreme Wind Moderate
Excessive Rain Moderate
Earthquake Moderate
Flood Moderate
Landslide Moderate
Tsunami Moderate
Wildfire Moderate

7.6 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM COMPLIANCE
Gasquet Community Services District is a special district for unincorporated Del Norte County. The District does not participate in the NFIP directly. Therefore, all structures located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County assessment of NFIP-insured structures with repetitive loss. This information can be found in Section 2.6.

7.7 JURISDICTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 provide detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards, including summaries of Gasquet Community Services District’s risk assessment results and data used to determine the hazard ranking. Key local risk assessment information is presented below.

7.7.1 Hazard Area
Hazard area maps provided below illustrate the probable hazard areas impacted within the District are shown in Figure 7-2 and Figure 7-3. These maps are based on the best available data at the time of the preparation of this plan and are adequate for planning purposes. Maps are provided only for hazards that can be identified clearly using mapping techniques and technologies and for which Gasquet Community Services District has significant exposure. The maps show the location of potential new development, where available.

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-9 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 7-2. Gasquet Community Services District Flood, Tsunami, and NEHRP Soil Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-10 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 7-3. Gasquet Community Services District Wildfire and Landslide Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-11 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

7.7.2 Hazard Event History
The history of natural and non-natural hazard events in Gasquet Community Services District is detailed in Volume 1, where each hazard profile includes a chronology of historical events that have affected the County and its municipalities. Table 7-7 provides details on loss and damage in Gasquet Community Services District during hazard events since the last hazard mitigation plan update.

Table 7-7. Hazard Event History in Gasquet Community Services District Dates of
Event
Event Type (Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage
and Losses in Gasquet
Community Services
District
February 24
to March 1,
2019
Severe Storm
DR-4434-CA
Yes, Federal An atmospheric river spread
across northern California and
produced heavy rain that led to
localized flooding. Impacts
included flooding on Highway 199
along the west shoulder and
northbound lane.

As is with any large rain
event, additional
employee hours are
required to deal with the
increased water turbidity.

January 20,
2020 to May
11, 2023
Pandemic (COVID-19)
DR-4482-CA
EM-3428-CA
Yes, Federal The first confirmed case in
California was reported on
January 25, 2020. Del Norte
County experienced surges in
COVID-19 cases in December
2020, August to September 2021,
January to February 2022, and
July 2022. Overall, Del Norte
reported 8,005 confirmed cases
and 62 fatalities between 2020
and 2023.

No Damage or Losses
September 4
to November
17, 2020
Wildfire No Record-breaking hot
temperatures exacerbated
existing fire conditions, leading to
drier conditions and allowing wind
to facilitate the rapid spread of
new fires. One complex, the
Slater Fire, spread into Del Norte
County and caused damage to
roadways.

Increase employee hours
due to demand for
firefighting water needs.
*Firefighting base set up
at Ward Field in Gasquet)
December
27, 2022 to
January 31,
2023
Flood
DR-4683-CA
CA23-1
Yes, State and
Federal
Atmospheric river led to multiple
heavy rainstorms and strong
winds in late December and
January. Strong wind caused
multiple trees to fall, leading to
blockages on Highways 101, 197,
and 199, and Parkway Drive.

Downed power lines caused
multiple fires. Over 10,000
customers without power in and
around Crescent City due to
strong winds.

No Damages or Losses
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-12 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Dates of
Event
Event Type (Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage
and Losses in Gasquet
Community Services
District
February 21
to July 10,
2023
Severe Storm, Flood
DR-4699-CA
EM-3592-CA
CA23-3
Yes, State and
Federal
Severe storms and high winds
led to mudslides and landslides.

Downed trees blocked portions of
Highway 199.

No Damages or Losses
August 15,
2023
Wildfire
CA23-5
Yes, State Dry thunderstorms produced
lightning strikes across the Six
Rivers National Forest. 27 fires
developed in the Gasquet Ranger
District and grew rapidly, jumping
Highway 199 causing a 3-week
closure and resulting in the
evacuation of the Town of
Gasquet. The fire destroyed hightension powerlines powering all of Del Norte County. The County
was without power through
August 25 when generators were
installed. Main transmission lines
were not repaired until
September 10. The fire burned
into October with a total of 95,000
acres burned plus 2 residences
and 3 minor structures destroyed.

Back up propane
generator failed during
event, Cost of Repair
$1800. Deisel generator
borrowed from Pacif
Power to keep facility
operational.

District was operating
close to 24/7 schedule to
keep up with fire-fighting
water demands. (District
usually runs with a part
time workforce)
Two District Hydrants
were damaged by forest
service or other during
event.

January 13,
2024
High Wind No An atmospheric river resulted in 3
to 7 inches of rainfall in roughly 8
to 10 hours. This resulted in the
highest flows on the Mad River
and Redwood Creek since the
1970s. Widespread creek
flooding occurred in Del Norte
and Humboldt with multiple
homes damaged or destroyed.

Increased employee
hours due to increased
water turbidity and
excessive ash in water.

Increased use of
chemical to counteract
ash runoff from fire.

March 11,
2023
Semi Vehicle Accident No Semi Box Truck Hit US Post
office, Gasquet Market.

Fire hydrant sheared off.

Telephone pole knocked down,
Loss of Power,
Water shut off, Additional
employee hours at
district, Fire hydrant
destroyed, Emergency
Backup Generator
deployed
EM = FEMA Emergency Declaration; DR = FEMA Major Disaster Declaration

7.7.3 Hazard Ranking
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 have detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards. The following presents key risk assessment results for Gasquet Community Services District.

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-13 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
based on problems and impacts identified by the risk assessment presented in Volume 1. The ranking process involves an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence for each hazard; the potential impacts of the hazard on people, property, and the economy; community capabilities to address the hazard; and changing future climate conditions. Gasquet Community Services District reviewed the County hazard ranking and individual results to assess the relative risk of the hazards of concern to the community.

Table 7-8 shows Gasquet Community Services District’s final hazard rankings for identified hazards of concern. Mitigation action development uses the ranking to target hazards with the highest risk.

Table 7-8. Hazard Ranking
Hazard Rank
Drought Medium
Extreme Heat Medium
Extreme Wind Low
Excessive Rain Low
Earthquake Low
Flood Low
Landslide Low
Tsunami Low
Wildfire High
Note: The scale is based on the hazard rankings established in Volume 1, modified as appropriate based on review by the jurisdiction

7.7.4 Identified Issues
After review of Gasquet Community Services District’s hazard event history, hazard rankings, hazard location, and current capabilities, Gasquet Community Services District identified the following vulnerabilities within the community:
• The majority of the district is in the very high wildfire hazard area.

Mitigation actions addressing these issues were prioritized for consideration in the action plan presented in the following section.

7.8 CONDITIONS THAT MAY IMPACT RISK

7.8.1 Population Pattern Trends
The Gasquet CSD has a permanent resident population of approximately 775. The District will likely continue to develop at or less than the current county-wide rates of 0.4 percent per year, putting the District population at approximately 822 in 2030.

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-14 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
The bulk of Del Norte County’s population exists in unincorporated communities that qualify as disadvantaged including the community of Gasquet. Gasquet CSD provides one of the three basic services - water service - to areas that are considered disadvantaged.

7.8.2 Changes in Land Use and Development
The Del Norte County General Plan (2003) and Zoning Code guides land use decisions within the unincorporated portion of Del Norte County including the community of Gasquet. The Gasquet CSD generally contains rural residential and visitor serving commercial development and is surrounded by resource lands including the Six Rivers National Forest.

Lands within the District are primarily designated rural residential, residential neighborhood, visitorserving commercial, and public facility, with a small portion of timberlands and state and federal lands.

The District is surrounded by resource lands, mostly timber and state and federal lands. Little change in actual or designated land uses within the District is anticipated over the next 20 years.

7.9 MITIGATION STRATEGY AND PRIORITIZATION
This section discusses the status of mitigation actions from the previous HMP, describes proposed hazard mitigation actions, and prioritizes actions to address over the next five years.

7.9.1 Past Mitigation Action Status
Table 7-9 indicates progress on the District’s mitigation strategy identified in the 2019 HMP. Actions that are still recommended but not completed or that are in progress are carried forward and combined with new actions as part of the mitigation strategy for this plan update. Previous actions that are now ongoing programs and capabilities are indicated as such and are presented in the capability assessment earlier in this annex.

7.9.2 Additional Mitigation Efforts
In addition to the mitigation actions completed in Table 7-9, Gasquet Community Services District identified the following mitigation efforts completed since the last HMP:
• Working with the Del Norte Fire Council, The facility Brushed and Cleared land in company and private land in and around the facility
• Gasquet CSD hired limbers and tree removal of in and around our facility • Gasquet CSD with a Grant from DWR is in the process of extending water service to a portion of the community that was without, and, installed fire hydrants DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-15 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 7-9. Status of Previous Mitigation Actions
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in
the 2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
GCSD-1 Where appropriate,
support retro-fitting,
purchase or relocation
of structures located in
high hazard areas,
prioritizing those
structures that have
experienced repetitive
losses and/or are
located in high or
medium ranked hazard
areas, such as the
GCSD Administrative
Building.

GCSD Board of
Directors
No Progress Yes GCSD-2 Where
appropriate, support
retro-fitting, purchase
or relocation of
structures located in
high hazard areas,
prioritizing those
structures that have
experienced repetitive
losses and/or are
located in high or
medium ranked
hazard, including but
not limited to
vulnerable pipe and
other water
treatment/delivery
infrastructure. Secure
foundations, install
additional hydrants.
-
GCSD-2 Actively participate in
the plan maintenance
protocols outlined in
Volume 1 of this hazard
mitigation plan.

GCSD Board of
Directors
Complete No - -
GCSD-3 Purchase generators
for critical facilities and
infrastructure that lack
adequate back-up
power including
computer generated
monitoring systems.

GCSD Plant
Operation
District Plant currently
owns a 1000 Gallon
Propane Generator,
The District Also
Purchased Battery
Backup for pour
computer System.

Yes GCSD-1 Increase the
capacity and level of
protection provided by
District infrastructure
to support clean
drinking water delivery
to customers. This
includes, but is not
limited to, water tanks,
pipes for bridges and
roads, and
generators. Install
shut-off
valves/mechanisms to
control loss of water &
redirect distribution.

All Hazards
GCSD-4 Provide redundancy for
critical functions such
as well water vs.
surface water, river
pump system, SCADA
monitoring, electrical
backup, shut-off
controls, hydrants, etc.

GCSD General
Manager
DRAFT
Ongoing No - -

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-16 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in
the 2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
GCSD-5 Obtain On-Call
Engineering Consultant
in effort to obtain grant
funding for Hazard
Mitigation Planning
GCSD In Progress. District is
currently working with
“GHD” out of Eureka.

No - -
GCSD-6 Establish secondary
water
distribution/infrastructur
e/plant location/ground
water vs surface water
to ensure distribution to
entire district in the
event of catastrophic
interruption to existing
system.

GCSD General
Manager
No Progress
Funding is the major
roadblock to
implementation.

Yes GCSD-3 Establish
secondary water
distribution/infrastruct
ure/plant
location/ground water
vs surface water to
ensure distribution to
entire district in the
event of catastrophic
interruption to existing
system.
-
GCSD-7 Institute warning
system and develop
evacuation plans for
district customers in the
event safe water
distribution is
threatened by
hazardous events.

GCSD No Progress
Funding is the major
roadblock to
implementation.

Yes GCSD-4 Institute
warning system for
district customers in
the event safe water
distribution is
threatened by
hazardous events.

Develop a community
outreach program to
include website,
NOAA weather radios
to public and critical
facilities, etc.

All Hazards
GCSD-8 Reduce exposure and
vulnerability to the
wildland fire hazard by
creating and
maintaining defensible
space around
structures and
infrastructure, including
the GCSD
Administrative Building,
partnering with U.S.

Forest Service and
Gasquet Fire
Department.

GCSD General
Manager
In Progress.

Gasquet CSD wrote a
letter of support to
fund the Del Norte
Fire Council. In return,
the crews from the
Council brushed the
area.

The district also hired
outside Contractors to
remove Hazard trees
from around the
district facility.

District Personnel
Brushed around
facility
Yes GCSD-5 Reduce
exposure and
vulnerability to the
wildland fire hazard by
creating and
maintaining defensible
space around
structures and
infrastructure
including, but not
limited to, the GCSD
Administrative
Building.

Extreme Heat,
Extreme
Wind, Wildfire
GCSD-9 Develop emergency
communication system.

Allow staff to
communicate with
Board and community
at large.

GCSD Plant
Operations
Not Completed.

Funding is the major
roadblock to
implementation.

Yes GCSD-6 Develop an
evacuation plan and
an emergency
communication plan.

DRAFT
All Hazards

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-17 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in
the 2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
GCSD10Develop a community
outreach program to
include website, NOAA
weather radios to
public and critical
facilities, etc.

GCSD General
Manager
In Progress
Neighbors helping
Neighbors is the local
organization
Yes GCSD-4 Institute
warning system for
district customers in
the event safe water
distribution is
threatened by
hazardous events.

Develop a community
outreach program to
include website,
NOAA weather radios
to public and critical
facilities, etc.

All Hazards
GCSD11Purchase and distribute
water purification
equipment in the event
of distribution
problems/contaminatio
n.

GCSD Plant
Operations
No Progress
Funding is the major
roadblock to
implementation.

Yes GCSD-7 Purchase
and distribute water
purification equipment
in the event of
distribution
problems/contaminati
on.

Earthquake,
Excessive
Rain, Extreme
Wind, Flood,
Landslide,
Wildfire
GCSD12Install shut-off
valves/mechanisms to
control loss of water &
redirect distribution.

GCSD Plant
Operations Completed
Yes GCSD-1 Increase the
capacity and level of
protection provided by
District infrastructure
to support clean
drinking water delivery
to customers. This
includes, but is not
limited to, water tanks,
pipes for bridges and
roads, and
generators. Install
shut-off
valves/mechanisms to
control loss of water &
redirect distribution.

All Hazards
GCSD13Extend water
distribution system to
“North Fork”
community, to include
hydrants /
infrastructure.

GCSD Board of
Directors
In Progress No Project to be
completed in 2025
-
GCSD14Purchase and install
efficient electronic
meters to replace
manually read meters
to more accurately
monitor water
usage/loss.

GCSD General
Manager
In Progress Yes GCSD-8 Purchase
and install efficient
electronic meters to
replace manually read
meters to more
accurately monitor
water usage/loss.

Earthquake,
Excessive
Rain, Extreme
Wind, Flood,
Landslide,
DRAFT
Wildfire

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-18 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

7.9.3 Changes in Priorities
The priorities are similar to those from the previous update. With an aging infrastructure the district will continue to seek funding for necessary projects:
• Replacement of redwood water tanks
• Changing pipes across bridges
• Addressing aging infrastructure

7.9.4 Hazards Not Included in District Mitigation Strategy Gasquet Community Services District did not include actions for Tsunami. The District’s infrastructure is located outside of the tsunami hazard area.

7.9.5 Proposed Hazard Mitigation Actions for the HMP Update Gasquet Community Services District participated in the mitigation strategy workshop for this HMP to identify appropriate actions to include in a local hazard mitigation strategy. Its comprehensive consideration of all possible activities to address hazards of concern included review of the following FEMA documents:
• FEMA 551 “Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures” (March 2007) • FEMA “Mitigation Ideas—A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards” (January 2013) The action worksheets included at the end of this annex list the mitigation actions that Gasquet Community Services District would like to pursue in the future to reduce the effects of hazards. The actions are dependent upon available funding (grants and local match availability) and may be modified or omitted at any time based on the occurrence of new hazard events and changes in the District’s priorities.

Table 7-10 indicates the range of proposed mitigation action categories. The four FEMA mitigation action categories are listed in the table to further demonstrate the wide range of activities and mitigation measures selected.

Volume 1 identifies four evaluation criteria for prioritizing the mitigation actions. To assist with rating each mitigation action as high, medium, or low priority, a numeric rank is assigned for each of the evaluation criteria. Table 7-11 provides a summary of the prioritization of all proposed mitigation actions for the HMP update.

7.9.6 Mitigation Strategy
The following pages list the specific plan for each mitigation action, including the agency responsible for implementation, potential funding sources, and expected timeframe for completion.

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-19 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 7-10. Analysis of Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Category Actions That Address the Hazard, by Action Category
Hazard LPR SIP NSP EAP
Drought GCSD-6 GCSD-1, GCSD-3 - GCSD-4
Earthquake GCSD-6 GCSD-1, GSCSD-2, GCSD-3, GCSD-7, GCSD-8 - GCSD-4 Excessive Heat GCSD-6 GCSD-1 GCSD-5 GCSD-4
Excessive Rain GCSD-6 GCSD-1, GCSD-3, GCSD-7, GCSD-8 - GCSD-4 Extreme Wind GCSD-6 GCSD-1, GCSD-3, GCSD-7, GCSD-8 GCSD-5 GCSD-4 Flood GCSD-6 GCSD-1, GCSD-3, GCSD-7, GCSD-8 - GCSD-4
Landslide GCSD-6 GCSD-1, GSCSD-2, GCSD-3, GCSD-7, GCSD-8 - GCSD-4 Wildfire GCSD-6 GCSD-1, GSCSD-2, GCSD-3, GCSD-7, GCSD-8 GCSD-5 GCSD-4 Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)—These actions include government authorities, policies or codes that influence the way land and buildings are being developed and built.

Natural Systems Protection (NSP)—These are actions that minimize damage and losses and preserve or restore the functions of natural systems.

Table 7-11. Summary of Prioritization of Actions
Project Name Cost Benefit Objectives Time Frame Score Priority Defensible Space Medium High 3 1-5 years 7.6 High
Infrastructure Hardening High High 4 1-5 years 6.8 Medium Emergency Plans Medium Medium 3 1-5 years 6.6 Medium
Water Purification Medium Medium 3 1-5 years 6.6 Medium Electronic Meters Medium Medium 3 1-5 years 6.6 Medium
Customer Communication Medium Medium 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium North Fork Extension Low Low 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium
Mitigate Structures High High 3 1-10 years 5.6 Medium
Secondary Water Source High Medium 3 1-10 years 4.6 Low Note: Volume 1 of the HMP provides guidance on prioritizing mitigation actions. Low (0-5), Medium (5-7), High (7-9).

DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-20 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-1 Infrastructure Hardening
Lead Agency: Gasquet Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☒Drought
☒Earthquake
☒Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☐Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: District infrastructure is vulnerable to natural hazards, especially wildfires.

Description of the Solution: Increase the capacity and level of protection provided by District infrastructure to support clean drinking water delivery to customers. This includes, but is not limited to, water tanks, pipes for bridges and roads, and generators. Install shut-off valves/mechanisms to control loss of water & redirect distribution.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4,5
Benefits: This action will have an immediate reduction of risk to lives and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-21 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-2 Mitigate Structures
Lead Agency: Gasquet CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District’s water tank, water lines, and other infrastructure are not mitigated against earthquakes and are located in areas at risk from landslides and wildfires.

Description of the Solution: Where appropriate, support retro-fitting, purchase or relocation of structures located in high hazard areas, prioritizing those structures that have experienced repetitive losses and/or are located in high or medium ranked hazard, including but not limited to vulnerable pipe and other water treatment/delivery infrastructure. Secure foundations, install additional hydrants.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-10 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: Increase the capacity and resilience of the District’s water system to ensure residents have access to clean drinking water when hazard events occur.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Increases the resiliency and redundancy of the water supply in the area for Del Norte and Tribal residents.

Impact on Capabilities: N/A
Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-22 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-3 Secondary Water Source
Lead Agency: Gasquet CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☒ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: There is one primary water source that supplies the District.

Description of the Solution: Establish secondary water distribution/infrastructure/plant location/ground water vs surface water to ensure distribution to entire district in the event of catastrophic interruption to existing system.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would prevent interruption of service for socially vulnerable populations.

Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Increases the resiliency and redundancy of the water supply in the area for Del Norte and Tribal residents.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to continue operating and providing water even if the primary source is damaged by a natural hazard event.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Low
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-23 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-4 Customer Communication
Lead Agency: Gasquet CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☒ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☒ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District does not have an effective way to distribute warnings and procedures to customers.

Description of the Solution: Institute warning system for district customers in the event safe water distribution is threatened by hazardous events. Develop a community outreach program to include website, NOAA weather radios to public and critical facilities, etc.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 3
Benefits: This action would allow for faster communication with customers when water quality is compromised.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would assist socially vulnerable populations with understanding when water is not safe to drink.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action would support the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to quickly disseminate messaging.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☒ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-24 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-5 Defensible Space
Lead Agency: Gasquet CSD
Supporting Agencies: Gasquet Fire Department, US Forest Service Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☒ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☐ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Most of the District is located in the very high wildfire severity zone. When combined with extreme heat and wind, the District is at high risk of wildfire.

Description of the Solution: Reduce exposure and vulnerability to the wildland fire hazard by creating and maintaining defensible space around structures and infrastructure including, but not limited to, the GCSD Administrative Building.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: This action will have an immediate reduction of risk to lives and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☒ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-25 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-6 Emergency Plans
Lead Agency: Gasquet CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☒ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☒ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District does not have established protocols for evacuations or communicating with customers during natural hazard events.

Description of the Solution: Develop an evacuation plan and an emergency communication plan.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,3
Benefits: This action would identify roles and responsibilities during a disaster and allow for quicker response and recovery.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would assist socially vulnerable populations by pre-planning for messaging needs during evacuations and disasters.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action would support the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to prepare for a more resilient future.

Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-26 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-7 Water Purification
Lead Agency: Gasquet CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: There is one primary water source that supplies the District and could suffer from contamination during a natural hazard event.

Description of the Solution: Purchase and distribute water purification equipment in the event of distribution problems/contamination.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: Increase the capacity and resilience of the District’s water system to ensure residents have access to clean drinking water when hazard events occur.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would prevent interruption of service for socially vulnerable populations.

Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Increases the resiliency and redundancy of the water supply in the area for Del Norte and Tribal residents.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to continue operating and providing water even if the primary source is damaged by a natural hazard event.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

7. Gasquet Community Services District
7-27 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
GCSD-8 Electronic Meters
Lead Agency: Gasquet CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Existing meters need to be read manually.

Description of the Solution: Purchase and install efficient electronic meters to replace manually read meters to more accurately monitor water usage/loss.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would prevent interruption of service for socially vulnerable populations.

Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Increases the resiliency and redundancy of the water supply in the area for Del Norte and Tribal residents.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to continue operating and providing water even if the primary source is damaged by a natural hazard event.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-1 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

8. HRC COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT
This jurisdictional annex to the Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) provides information to assist public and private sectors in the HRC Community Service District with reducing losses from future hazard events. This annex is not guidance of what to do when a disaster occurs; its focus is on actions that can be implemented prior to a disaster to reduce or eliminate damage to property and people. The annex presents a general overview of HRC Community Service District, describes who participated in the planning process, assesses the District’s risk, vulnerability, and capabilities, and outlines a strategy for achieving a more resilient community.

8.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM
The HRC Community Service District identified primary and alternate HMP points of contact and developed this plan over the course of several months. George Wesley White represented the community on the Del Norte County HMP Planning Partnership and Steering Committee and supported the local planning process by securing input from persons with specific knowledge to enhance the plan.

All departments were asked to contribute to the annex development through reviewing and contributing to the capability assessment, reporting on the status of previously identified actions, and participating in action identification and prioritization.

Table 8-1 summarizes District officials who participated in the development of the annex and in what capacity. Additional documentation of the District’s planning activities through Planning Partnership meetings is included in Volume 1.

Table 8-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team
Primary Point of Contact Alternate Point of Contact
Name/Title: George Wesley White, Board President
Address: 149 Club Drive, Crescent City, CA 95531
Phone Number: 707-951-4059
Email: [email protected]
Name/Title: Alan Gwiazdon, Board Member
Address: 149 Club Drive, Crescent City, CA 95531
Phone Number: 925-381-2033
Email: [email protected]

8.2 COMMUNITY PROFILE
HRC Community Services District was established in 1965, for the purpose of providing water for domestic and recreational (golf course) use.

8.2.1 Service Area and Trends
The HRC Community Services District is located approximately ten miles northeast of Crescent City on North Bank Road (Highway 197). The district lies within the Smith River National Recreation Area and covers approximately 353 acres.

DRAFT
The district sphere of influence is approximately 967 acres.

8. HRC Community Services District
8-2 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

8.3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to the public that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. Del Norte County is sparsely populated with the majority of government and private services available in Crescent City, including grocery stores, hardware stores, and restaurants. The County posted information about the HMP update on the County Facebook page and on the OES website. Flyers advertising the HMP update were canvassed across Crescent City. The public was invited to participate in the planning process by responding to the public survey, attending a virtual Steering Committee meeting, attending an in-person meeting, and reviewing the draft plan.

In addition to that work, the District posted information about the HMP update in key places that their customers congregate, including the golf course club house bulletin board and on the front door of the HRC building, which is where HRC meeting agendas are normally posted. HRC has around 70 residences, many of whom are older and do not use technology. Therefore, printed materials were prioritized over virtual outreach. Figure 8-1 shows selected outreach efforts and Appendix A includes all outreach efforts.

Figure 8-1. Public Outreach by HRC Community Services District

8.3.1 Public Feedback Integration
Of the 196 responses to the public survey, no respondents reported that they received services from the District.

DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-3 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

8.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to stakeholders that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. This section focuses on the stakeholders invited to participate in the planning process by the County. The following organizations were invited to participate by attending a Steering Committee meeting, responding to the stakeholder survey, contributing information and expertise to the plan, and reviewing the draft plan.

8.4.1 Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation Activities • Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission
• California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
• USDA Rural Development

8.4.2 Agencies that Have the Authority to Regulate Development • Del Norte County Planning Division
• California State Water Resources Control Board, Redding CA

8.4.3 Neighboring Communities
• Big Rock Community Services District
• Gasquet Community Services District
• Klamath Community Services District
• Smith River Community Services District

8.4.4 Representatives of Business, Academia, and Other Private Organizations
• Inman Construction

8.4.5 Nonprofit Organizations and Community-Based Organizations • Jed Smith Homeowners Association

8.5 JURISDICTIONAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT AND INTEGRATION HRC Community Services District performed an inventory and analysis of existing capabilities, plans, programs, and policies that enhance its ability to implement mitigation strategies. Volume 1 describes the components included in the capability assessment and their significance for hazard mitigation planning. The jurisdictional assessment for this annex includes analyses of the following:
• Planning and regulatory capabilities
• Administrative and technical capabilities
DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-4 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Fiscal capabilities
• Education and outreach capabilities
• Adaptive capacity to withstand hazard events
For a community to succeed in reducing long-term risk, hazard mitigation must be integrated into dayto-day local government operations. As part of the hazard mitigation analysis, planning and /policy documents were reviewed and each jurisdiction was surveyed to obtain a better understanding of their progress toward plan integration. Development of an updated mitigation strategy provided an opportunity for HRC Community Services District to identify opportunities for integrating mitigation concepts into ongoing District procedures.

8.5.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration As a special district in Del Norte County, the District follow County ordinances, codes, and regulations.

Table 8-2 summarizes the planning and regulatory tools specific to HRC Community Services District.

Table 8-2. Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Jurisdiction
has this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan, date
of enactment or plan adoption)
Authority
(local, county,
state, federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or
Agency
Codes, Ordinances, & Regulations
Code/Ordinance/Resolution Yes Enabling Legislation: Community Service District Law, CA
Government code 61000
State California State
Legislature
California Government Code Section 61000 establishes the law that governs Community Service Districts.

Planning Documents
Municipal Service Review Yes HRC Community Services District Municipal Service Review and
Sphere of Influence Update,
September 2018
District HRC Community
Services District
This Municipal Service Review and Sphere of Influence Update provides information about the services and boundaries of the HRC Community Services District. The report is for use by the Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) in conducting a statutorily required review and update process. This report provides LAFCo with a tool to study current and future public service conditions comprehensively and to evaluate organizational options for accommodating growth, preventing urban sprawl, and ensuring that critical services are provided efficiently. The report references the HMP when discussing the District’s infrastructure at risk of seismic activity.

8.5.2 Building Codes, Land Use, and Development
HRC Community Services District is a special district located in unincorporated Del Norte County. The District is subject to the Del Norte County and State of California building codes and land use regulations. The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, building code, land use, and development capabilities are not applicable to the District.

DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-5 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

8.5.3 Administrative and Technical Capability
Table 8-3 summarizes potential staff and personnel resources available to HRC Community Services District and their current responsibilities that contribute to hazard mitigation.

Table 8-3. Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Resources Available? Comment

ADMINISTRATIVE CAPABILITY
Board of Directors Yes The Board of Directors oversees all aspects of the CSD.

There are five members, and they meet quarterly.

TECHNICAL/STAFFING CAPABILITY
Planners or engineers with knowledge of land
development and land management practices
Yes Contracted services on an as-needed basis for various projects.

Engineers or professionals trained in building
or infrastructure construction practices
Yes Contracted services on an as-needed basis for various projects. Recently, the CSD worked with a consultant to develop a distribution line extension feasibility/capacity study.

Personnel skilled or trained in GIS and/or
Hazus applications
Yes Contracted services on an as-needed basis for various projects.

Other (this could include stormwater engineer,
environmental specialist, etc.)
Yes Contracted services to support bookkeeping and
legal/paperwork requirements.

8.5.4 Fiscal Capability
Table 8-4 summarizes financial resources available to HRC Community Services District.

Table 8-4. Fiscal Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible or Eligible to Use?
Community Development Block Grants (CDBG, CDBG-DR) No
Capital improvement project funding Yes
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes No
User fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service Yes – increase connection fee Impact fees for homebuyers or developers of new
development/homes
Yes – complete rate study when new developer
proposed project
Stormwater utility fee No
Incur debt through general obligation bonds No
Incur debt through special tax bonds No
Incur debt through private activity bonds No
Withhold public expenditures in hazard-prone areas No
Other federal or state funding programs Yes USDA loan; refurbishing water Open Space Acquisition funding programs No
Other (for example, Clean Water Act 319 Grants [Nonpoint Source Pollution])
Potential: State Water Resources Board grants
RCAC
DRAFT
USDA loan; may consolidate with HOA nearby

8. HRC Community Services District
8-6 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

8.5.5 Education and Outreach Capability
Table 8-5 summarizes the education and outreach resources available to HRC Community Services District.

Table 8-5. Education and Outreach Capabilities
Outreach Resources Available? Comment
Public information officer or communications office No - Personnel skilled or trained in website development No - Hazard mitigation information available on your website No - Social media for hazard mitigation education and outreach No - Citizen boards or commissions that address issues related to hazard mitigation
No -
Warning systems for hazard events Yes The CSD developed a warning systems plan previous as required by
the California Water Resources Board.

Organizations that conduct outreach to socially vulnerable populations and underserved populations
No -
Public outreach mechanisms / programs to inform citizens on natural hazards, risk, and ways to protect themselves during such events
No -

8.5.6 Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is defined as “the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences” (IPCC 2022). Each jurisdiction has a unique combination of capabilities to adjust to, protect from, and withstand a future hazard event, future conditions, and changing risk. Table 8-6 summarizes the adaptive capacity for each identified hazard of concern and the District’s capability to address related actions using the following classifications:
• Strong adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does have the capability to effectively respond, plans/policies exceed minimum requirements; deployable resources all of which decreases vulnerability.
• Moderate adaptive capacity means minimum requirements are in place; moderate capabilities; mitigation measures are identified but not implemented widespread; jurisdiction can recover but needs outside resources.
• Weak adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does not have the capability to effectively respond, which leads to an increase in vulnerability. Examples include weak/outdated/inconsistent plans, policies, codes/ordinances in place; no redundancies; limited to no deployable resources; limited capabilities to respond; long recovery.

DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-7 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 8-6. Adaptive Capacity
Hazard Adaptive Capacity - Strong/Moderate/Weak
Drought Weak
Extreme Heat Weak
Extreme Wind Weak
Excessive Rain Weak
Earthquake Weak
Flood Weak
Landslide Weak
Tsunami Weak
Wildfire Weak

8.6 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM COMPLIANCE
The HRC Community Services District does not participate in the NFIP directly. Therefore, all structures located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County assessment of NFIPinsured structures with repetitive loss. This information can be found in Section 2.6.

8.7 JURISDICTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 provide detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards, including summaries of the District’s risk assessment results and data used to determine the hazard ranking. Key local risk assessment information is presented below.

8.7.1 Hazard Area
Hazard area maps provided below illustrate the probable hazard areas impacted within the District are shown in Figure 8-2 and Figure 8-3. These maps are based on the best available data at the time of the preparation of this plan and are adequate for planning purposes. Maps are provided only for hazards that can be identified clearly using mapping techniques and technologies and for which HRC Community Services District has significant exposure. The maps show the location of potential new development, where available.

8.7.2 Hazard Event History
The history of natural and non-natural hazard events in HRC Community Services District is detailed in Volume 1, where each hazard profile includes a chronology of historical events that have affected the County and its municipalities. Table 8-7 provides details on loss and damage in HRC Community Services District
DRAFT
during hazard events since the last hazard mitigation plan update.

8. HRC Community Services District
8-8 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 8-2. HRC Community Services District Flood, Tsunami, and NEHRP Soil Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-9 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 8-3. HRC Community Services District Wildfire and Landslide Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-10 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 8-7. Hazard Event History in HRC Community Services District Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated
? Summary of Event
Summary of
Damage and
Losses in HRC
Community
Services District
February 24
to March 1,
2019
Severe Storm
DR-4434-CA
Yes, Federal An atmospheric river spread across northern CA and produce heavy rain that led to localized flooding.

Impacts included flooding on Highway 199 along the
west shoulder and northbound lane
None
January 20,
2020 to May
11, 2023
Pandemic
(COVIC 19)
DR-4482-CA
EM-3428-CA
Yes, Federal The first confirmed case in CA was reported on January 25, 2020. Del Norte County experienced surges in
COVID-19 cases in December 2020, August to
September 2021, January to February 2022, and July
2022. Overall, Del Norte reported 8,005 confirmed
cases and 62 fatalities between 2020 and 2023
None
September
4 to
November
17, 2020
Wildfire
DR-4569-CA
CA20-3
Yes, State
and Federal
Record-breaking hot temperatures exacerbated existing
fire conditions, leading to drier conditions and allowing wind to facilitate the rapid spread of new fires. One
complex, the Slater Fire, spread into Del Norte County
and caused damage to roadways.

None
December
27, 2022 to
January 31,
2023
Flood
DR-4683-CA
CA23-1
Yes, State
and Federal
Atmospheric river led to multiple heavy rainstorms and
strong winds in late December and January. Strong
wind caused multiple trees to fall, leading to blockages on Highways 101, 197, and 199, and Parkway Drive.

Downed power lines caused multiple fires. Over 10,000
customers without power in and around Crescent City
due to strong winds.

None
February 21
to July 10,
2023
Severe Storm,
Flood
DR-4699-CA
EM-3592-CA
CA23-3
Yes, State
and Federal
Severe storms and high winds led to mudslides and
landslides. Downed trees blocked portions of Highway
199
None
August 15,
2023
Wildfire
CA23-5
Yes, State Dry thunderstorms produced lightning strikes across the Six Rivers National Forest. 27 fires developed in the Gasquet Ranger District and grew rapidly, jumping
Highway 199 causing a 3-week closure and resulting in
the evacuation of the Town of Gasquet. The fire
destroyed high-tension powerlines powering all of Del
Norte County. The County was without power through
August 25 when generators were installed. Main
transmission lines were not repaired until September

10. The fire burned into October with a total of 95,000 acres burned plus 2 residences and 3 minor structures
destroyed.

Electrical outage
caused the well
pump to be
inoperable.

Pacific Power
supplied a
generator so
water outage did
not last long.

Board members
rotated filling tank
and fueling
generator.

EM = FEMA Emergency Declaration
DRAFT
; DR = FEMA Major Disaster Declaration

8. HRC Community Services District
8-11 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

8.7.3 Hazard Ranking
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 have detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards. The following presents key risk assessment results for HRC Community Services District.

The participating jurisdictions have differing degrees of vulnerability to the hazards of concern, so each jurisdiction ranked its own degree of risk to each hazard. The community-specific hazard ranking is based on problems and impacts identified by the risk assessment presented in Volume 1. The ranking process involves an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence for each hazard; the potential impacts of the hazard on people, property, and the economy; community capabilities to address the hazard; and changing future climate conditions. HRC Community Services District reviewed the County hazard ranking and individual results to assess the relative risk of the hazards of concern to the community.

During the review of the hazard ranking, the District indicated the following:
• HRC is located entirely outside of the tsunami hazard area. • Drought has historically not occurred within HRC’s boundaries. • Extreme heat will not impact HRC operations.
• Excessive rain and flood have not historically impacted HRC’s operations.

Table 8-8 shows HRC Community Services District’s final hazard rankings for identified hazards of concern. Mitigation action development uses the ranking to target hazards with the highest risk.

Table 8-8. Hazard Ranking
Hazard Rank
Drought Low
Extreme Heat Low
Extreme Wind Low
Excessive Rain Low
Earthquake Medium
Flood Low
Landslide Low
Tsunami Low
Wildfire High
Note: The scale is based on the hazard rankings established in Volume 1, modified as appropriate based on review by the jurisdiction

8.7.4 Identified Issues
After review of the District’s hazard event history, hazard rankings, hazard location, and current capabilities, HRC Community Services District identified the following vulnerabilities within the community:
• The entire district is located in the moderate or high wildfire hazard area.

DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-12 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• A significant portion of the district is located in the landslide hazard area, including the major roadway, US 197.

Mitigation actions addressing these issues were prioritized for consideration in the action plan presented in the following section.

8.8 FUTURE CONDITIONS THAT MAY IMPACT RISK

8.8.1 Population Pattern Trends
As noted in Volume 1, the population of Del Norte County is expected to contract over the next 45 years. There are around 70 households that receive water services from HRC. The Greenside Estates subdivision continues to expand and the population served by HRC may increase in the future.

8.8.2 Changes in Land Use and Development
The District continues to add a few households per year. The population is not expected to explode in the District without significant expansion of water infrastructure capacity. Little change in actual or designated land uses within the District is anticipated over the next 20 years.

8.9 MITIGATION STRATEGY AND PRIORITIZATION
This section discusses the status of mitigation actions from the previous HMP, describes proposed hazard mitigation actions, and prioritizes actions to address over the next five years.

8.9.1 Past Mitigation Action Status and Changes in Priorities HRC Community Services District did not participate in the 2019 HMP. Therefore, they do not have action updates or changes in priorities.

8.9.2 Hazards Not Included in District Mitigation Strategy The HRC Community Services District is a very small water utility district and does not have the capacity to design an all-hazards mitigation program. HRC chose four targeted projects that will enhance the overall resilience of their water infrastructure to their hazards of greatest concern.

The District did not include actions for drought, extreme heat, or tsunami. The Smith River provides a consistent water supply and even when drought conditions exist elsewhere in the County, the water supply has not come close to impacting HRC operations. Extreme heat does not occur in the HRC area in temperatures that would impact the water operations. Finally, HRC’s infrastructure is located outside of the tsunami hazard area.

DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-13 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

8.9.3 Proposed Hazard Mitigation Actions for the HMP Update HRC Community Services District participated in the mitigation strategy workshop for this HMP to identify appropriate actions to include in a local hazard mitigation strategy. Its comprehensive consideration of all possible activities to address hazards of concern included review of the following FEMA documents:
• FEMA 551 “Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures” (March 2007) • FEMA “Mitigation Ideas—A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards” (January 2013) The action worksheets included at the end of this annex list the mitigation actions that HRC Community Services District would like to pursue in the future to reduce the effects of hazards. The actions are dependent upon available funding (grants and local match availability) and may be modified or omitted at any time based on the occurrence of new hazard events and changes in the District’s priorities.

Table 8-9 indicates the range of proposed mitigation action categories. The four FEMA mitigation action categories are listed in the table to further demonstrate the wide range of activities and mitigation measures selected.

Volume 1 identifies four evaluation criteria for prioritizing the mitigation actions. To assist with rating each mitigation action as high, medium, or low priority, a numeric rank is assigned for each of the evaluation criteria. Table 8-10 provides a summary of the prioritization of all proposed mitigation actions for the HMP update.

8.9.4 Mitigation Strategy
The following pages list the specific plan for each mitigation action, including the agency responsible for implementation, potential funding sources, and expected timeframe for completion.

DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-14 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 8-9. Analysis of Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Category Actions That Address the Hazard, by Action Category
Hazard LPR SIP NSP EAP
Earthquake - HRC-1, HRC-2, HRC-3, HRC-4 - -
Excessive Rain - HRC-1, HRC-2, HRC-3, HRC-4 - -
Extreme Wind - HRC-1, HRC-2, HRC-3, HRC-4 - -
Flood - HRC-1, HRC-2, HRC-3, HRC-4 - -
Landslide - HRC-1, HRC-2, HRC-3, HRC-4 - -
Wildfire - HRC-1, HRC-2, HRC-3, HRC-4 - -
Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)—These actions include government authorities, policies or codes that influence the way land and buildings are being developed and built.

Natural Systems Protection (NSP)—These are actions that minimize damage and losses and preserve or restore the functions of natural systems.

Education and Awareness Programs (EAP)—These are actions to inform and educate citizens, elected officials, and property owners about hazards and potential ways to mitigate them. These actions may also include participation in national programs, such as StormReady and Firewise Communities
Table 8-10. Summary of Prioritization of Actions
Project Name Cost Benefit Objectives Time Frame Score Priority Backup Power Medium Medium 3 1-5 years 6.6 Medium
Water Distribution Lines Medium Medium 3 1-5 years 6.6 Medium Backup Pump and Motor High Medium 2 1-5 years 5.4 Medium Secondary Water Source High Medium 3 1-10 years 4.6 Low Note: Volume 1 of the HMP provides guidance on prioritizing mitigation actions. Low (0-5), Medium (5-7), High (7-9).

DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-15 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
HRC-1 Backup Pump and Motor
Lead Agency: HRC Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☐Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Existing water pumping infrastructure is not hardened against natural hazard disruptions.

Description of the Solution: Expand the capacity and level of protection provided by the pump and motor.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 2,4
Benefits: This action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-16 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
HRC-2 Secondary Water Source
Lead Agency: HRC Community Services District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: There is one primary water source that supplies the District.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would prevent interruption of service for socially vulnerable populations.

Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action benefits the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to continue operating and providing water even if the primary source is damaged by a natural hazard event.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Low
DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-17 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
HRC-3 Backup Power
Lead Agency: HRC Community Services District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The power system that runs the water infrastructure is not hardened against natural hazards.

Description of the Solution: Install backup power system that will keep infrastructure running during natural hazard events. Continue to work with county officials and Pacific Power to try to cross connect with Coos Curry for back up electrical power supply.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would prevent interruption of service for socially vulnerable populations.

Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action benefits the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to continue operating and providing water even if the primary source is damaged by a natural hazard event.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

8. HRC Community Services District
8-18 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
HRC-4 Water Distribution Lines
Lead Agency: HRC Community Services District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Existing water infrastructure does not have the capacity to support fire trucks during a wildfire. In addition, a landslide, earthquake or flood would damage the water and could result in water service being suspended for all customers.

Description of the Solution: Expand the capacity and level of protection provided by water distribution lines.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action would prevent interruption of service for socially vulnerable populations.

Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action benefits the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the District to continue operating and providing water even if the primary source is damaged by a natural hazard event.

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-1 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

9. KLAMATH COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT
This jurisdictional annex to the Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) provides information to assist public and private sectors in the District of Klamath Community Services District with reducing losses from future hazard events. This annex is not guidance of what to do when a disaster occurs; its focus is on actions that can be implemented prior to a disaster to reduce or eliminate damage to property and people. The annex presents a general overview of Klamath Community Services District, describes who participated in the planning process, assesses Klamath Community Services District’s risk, vulnerability, and capabilities, and outlines a strategy for achieving a more resilient community.

9.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM
The Klamath Community Services District identified primary and alternate HMP points of contact and developed this plan over the course of several months. Margaret Caldwell represented the community on the Del Norte County HMP Planning Partnership and Steering Committee and supported the local planning process by securing input from persons with specific knowledge to enhance the plan. All departments were asked to contribute to the annex development through reviewing and contributing to the capability assessment, reporting on the status of previously identified actions, and participating in action identification and prioritization.

Table 9-1 summarizes Klamath Community Services District officials who participated in the development of the annex and in what capacity. Additional documentation of the District’s planning activities through Planning Partnership meetings is included in Volume 1.

Table 9-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team
Primary Point of Contact Alternate Point of Contact
Name/Title: Margaret Caldwell, Board of Directors
Chairman
Address: PO Box 430, 111 Klamath Mill Rd, Klamath, CA
95548
Phone Number: 707-482-0723
Email: [email protected]
Name/Title: Sandy Moreno, Contract Treasurer
Address: 900 Northcrest Drive, #9, Crescent City, CA
95531
Phone Number: 707-954-3161
Email: [email protected]

9.2 COMMUNITY PROFILE
The Klamath Community Services District (KCSD) is located in southern Del Norte County, CA, approximately 20 miles south of Crescent City and 55 miles north of Arcata. The KCSD was formed June 14, 1965 for the purpose of providing water and wastewater services to the unincorporated community of Klamath. The District is approximately 0.44 square miles (285 acres), with a boundary that extends along both sides of Highway 101 for approximately one mile north of the Klamath Glen Road exit. The District extends west to the Klamath River and east to approximately 400 feet beyond existing development. Klamath is located within the northern part of the Yurok Reservation and KCSD serves private and Yurok Tribal lands, facilities and housing. Funding comes primarily through water sales, waste water fees, a government loan and property taxes.

DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-2 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD is governed by five locals comprising a Board of Directors/Trustees who are elected in County elections for four-year terms. The organization employs a part-time Distribution/Treatment Operator and a part-time Field Maintenance Operator, and a part-time bookkeeper. Summit Accounting Services & Taxes (Sandy Moreno) provides fiscal management on contract as Treasurer for the District. In addition, KCSD uses (a) an independent auditing firm on contract (Don Reynolds, CPA) (b) Stover Engineering on contract for engineering services (c) Coast Central Credit Union for financial operations and (d) Dohn R Hennion for legal services. The Board holds internal elections every year to choose a President of the Board, a President Pro-Tempore and appoints a Secretary to the Board. All must be members of the Board. Each director/trustee earns a stipend of $40 per meeting to compensate for personal costs of meeting attendance but otherwise receives no regular compensation and no benefits.

The Special District’s Municipal Service Review by the Local Agency Formation Commission is current as of June 2019 and is available to interested parties. The KCSD Board of Directors/Trustees assumes responsibility for the adoption of this plan and will oversee its implementation.

9.2.1 Service Area and Trends
KCSD serves the unincorporated community of Klamath including a mix of residential and commercial uses. The District also contains lands designated public facility, resource conservation area, and timberland. Land uses within the District are subject to the Del Norte County General Plan and Zoning Code.

There are approximately 40 homes and 22 businesses within the District boundaries. There are 2 multiresidential properties, the Village Mobile Home Park has 33 lots and Hop’ew Village has 15 units. There is 1 hotel and 1 seasonal Redwood RV Park. The District estimates 3.3 individuals (aged people, adults and children) per household, for an estimated District population of 240. Due to seasonal tourism and recreational uses, the District estimates that the summer population exceeds 360.

9.3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to the public that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. Del Norte County is sparsely populated with the majority of government and private services available in Crescent City, including grocery stores, hardware stores, and restaurants. The County posted information about the HMP update on the County Facebook page and on the OES website. Flyers advertising the HMP update were canvassed across Crescent City. The public was invited to participate in the planning process by responding to the public survey, attending a virtual Steering Committee meeting, attending an in-person meeting, and reviewing the draft plan.

9.3.1 Public Feedback Integration
Of the 196 responses to the public survey, two respondents reported that they received services from the District. These two respondents were extremely or very concerned about extreme wind and wildfire.

They reported receiving emergency information through mass notifications DRAFT
and TV/radio. They

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-3 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
expressed concern about flooding and landslides on US 169, RV parks being particularly vulnerable to natural hazards, debris clogging dikes, and inoperable warning sirens. The mitigation strategy was prioritized with these concerns and community limitations in mind.

9.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to stakeholders that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. In addition to that work, the District invited stakeholders to participate in the planning process. The following organizations were invited to participate by attending a Steering Committee meeting, responding to the stakeholder survey, contributing information and expertise to the plan, and reviewing the draft plan:

9.4.1 Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation Activities • Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission
• California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
• USDA Rural Development
• LAFCo
• Cal Fire
• Cal Trans

9.4.2 Agencies that Have the Authority to Regulate Development • Del Norte County Planning Division
• Yurok Tribe Planning Division

9.4.3 Neighboring Communities
• Big Rock Community Services District
• Gasquet Community Services District
• HRC Community Services District
• Smith River Community Services District
• Redwood Park Community Services District

9.4.4 Representatives of Business, Academia, and other Private Organizations
• Green Diamond

9.4.5 Nonprofit Organizations and Community-Based Organizations • Yurok Indian Housing Authority
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-4 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

9.5 JURISDICTIONAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT AND INTEGRATION Klamath Community Services District performed an inventory and analysis of existing capabilities, plans, programs, and policies that enhance its ability to implement mitigation strategies. Volume 1 describes the components included in the capability assessment and their significance for hazard mitigation planning. The jurisdictional assessment for this annex includes analyses of the following:
• Planning and regulatory capabilities
• Administrative and technical capabilities
• Fiscal capabilities
• Education and outreach capabilities
• Adaptive capacity to withstand hazard events
For a community to succeed in reducing long-term risk, hazard mitigation must be integrated into dayto-day local government operations. As part of the hazard mitigation analysis, planning and /policy documents were reviewed and each jurisdiction was surveyed to obtain a better understanding of their progress toward plan integration. Development of an updated mitigation strategy provided an opportunity for Klamath Community Services District to identify opportunities for integrating mitigation concepts into ongoing District procedures.

9.5.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration As a special district in Del Norte County, the District follow County ordinances, codes, and regulations.

Table 9-2 summarizes the planning and regulatory tools specific to Klamath CSD.

9.5.2 Building Codes, Land Use, and Development
Klamath Community Services District is subject to the Del Norte County and State of California building codes and land use regulations. The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, building code, land use, and development capabilities are not applicable to the District.

9.5.3 Administrative and Technical Capability
Table 9-3 summarizes potential staff and personnel resources available to Klamath Community Services District and their current responsibilities that contribute to hazard mitigation.

DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-5 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 9-2. Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Jurisdiction
has this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan,
date of enactment or plan
adoption)
Authority (local,
county, state,
federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or Agency
Codes, Ordinances, & Regulations
Code/Ordinance/Resolution Yes Resolution June 22, 1970; Resolution 89-1
County Del Norte County Board
of Supervisors
Resolution allows special district to be formed to supply potable water to district residents and street lighting services.

Planning Documents
Municipal Service Review Yes South County Community
Services Districts Municipal
Service Review and Sphere
of Influence Update, March
2022
District South County
Community Services
Districts (Hunter Valley,
Klamath, and Redwood
Park Community
Services Districts)
This Municipal Service Review and Sphere of Influence Update provides information about the services and boundaries of the Smith River Community Services District. The report is for use by the Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) in conducting a statutorily required review and update process. This report provides LAFCo with a tool to study current and future public service conditions comprehensively and to evaluate organizational options for accommodating growth, preventing urban sprawl, and ensuring that critical services are provided efficiently. The report references the HMP when discussing the District’s infrastructure at risk of seismic activity.

Table 9-3. Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Resources Available? Comment
Administrative Capability
Emergency Management/Public Safety Department Yes President and Staff address as needed.

Maintenance programs to reduce risk (stormwater
maintenance, tree trimming, etc.)
Yes Field Maintenance Operator inspects the facilities, distribution lines & leech fields for vulnerabilities.

Mutual aid agreements Yes District shares a generator with Redwood CSD Technical/Staffing Capability
Planners or engineers with knowledge of land
development and land management practices
Yes Stover Engineering - Contractor
Engineers or professionals trained in building or
infrastructure construction practices
Yes Stover Engineering - Contractor
Planners or engineers with an understanding of
natural hazards
Yes Stover Engineering - Contractor
Staff with expertise or training in benefit/cost analysis Yes Contract Treasurer Professionals trained in conducting damage
assessments
Yes Distribution/Treatment Operator
Personnel skilled or trained in GIS and/or Hazus
applications
Yes Stover Engineering - Contractor
Staff that work with socially vulnerable populations or underserved communities
Yes President and Bookkeeper
Environmental scientists familiar with natural hazards Yes Distribution/Treatment Operator Surveyors Yes Stover Engineering - Contractor
Grant writers
DRAFT
Yes Contract Bookkeeper

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-6 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

9.5.4 Fiscal Capability
Table 9-4 summarizes financial resources available to Klamath Community Services District.

Table 9-4. Fiscal Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible or Eligible to Use?
Capital improvement project funding Yes
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes Yes
User fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service Yes (Water, Sewer) Impact fees for homebuyers or developers of new development/homes Yes Stormwater utility fee No
Incur debt through general obligation bonds Yes
Incur debt through special tax bonds Yes
Incur debt through private activity bonds No
Withhold public expenditures in hazard-prone areas No
Other federal or state funding programs Yes
Open Space Acquisition funding programs No
Other (for example, Clean Water Act 319 Grants [Nonpoint Source Pollution])
Cost Sharing Agreements with other
local special districts

9.5.5 Education and Outreach Capability
Table 9-5 summarizes the education and outreach resources available to Klamath Community Services District.

Table 9-5. Education and Outreach Capabilities
Outreach Resources Available? Comment
Public information officer or communications office Yes District’s President serves as the Public Information Officer.

Personnel skilled or trained in website development Yes The District’s Bookkeeper maintains the website.

Hazard mitigation information available on your
website
Yes
Social media for hazard mitigation education and
outreach
Yes The District’s Board members use social
media for outreach.

Warning systems for hazard events No Siren system for early warning situations are currently not in operation.

Public outreach mechanisms / programs to inform
citizens on natural hazards, risk, and ways to protect
themselves during such events
Yes In the District’s small community word of
mouth seems to be best method to
communicate hazard related information.

Mailings in the monthly billing statement are
also used to communicate with the
DRAFT
community.

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-7 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

9.5.6 Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is defined as “the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences” (IPCC 2022). Each jurisdiction has a unique combination of capabilities to adjust to, protect from, and withstand a future hazard event, future conditions, and changing risk. Table 9-6 summarizes the adaptive capacity for each identified hazard of concern and the District’s capability to address related actions using the following classifications:
• Strong adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does have the capability to effectively respond, plans/policies exceed minimum requirements; deployable resources all of which decreases vulnerability.
• Moderate adaptive capacity means minimum requirements are in place; moderate capabilities; mitigation measures are identified but not implemented widespread; jurisdiction can recover but needs outside resources.
• Weak adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does not have the capability to effectively respond, which leads to an increase in vulnerability. Examples include weak/outdated/inconsistent plans, policies, codes/ordinances in place; no redundancies; limited to no deployable resources; limited capabilities to respond; long recovery.

Table 9-6. Adaptive Capacity
Hazard Adaptive Capacity - Strong/Moderate/Weak
Drought Moderate
Extreme Heat Moderate
Extreme Wind Moderate
Excessive Rain Moderate
Earthquake Moderate
Flood Weak
Landslide Moderate
Tsunami High
Wildfire High

9.6 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM COMPLIANCE
Klamath Community Services District is a special district for unincorporated Del Norte County. The District does not participate in the NFIP directly. Therefore, all structures located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County assessment of NFIP-insured structures with repetitive loss. This information can be found in Section
DRAFT

2.6. 9. Klamath Community Services District
9-8 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

9.7 JURISDICTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 provide detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards, including summaries of Klamath Community Services District’s risk assessment results and data used to determine the hazard ranking. Key local risk assessment information is presented below.

9.7.1 Hazard Area
The probable hazard areas impacted within the District are shown in Figure 9-1 and Figure 9-2. These maps are based on the best available data at the time of the preparation of this plan and are adequate for planning purposes. Maps are provided only for hazards that can be identified clearly using mapping techniques and technologies and for which Klamath Community Services District has significant exposure. The maps show the location of potential new development, where available.

9.7.2 Hazard Event History
The history of natural and non-natural hazard events in Klamath Community Services District is detailed in Volume 1, where each hazard profile includes a chronology of historical events that have affected the County and its municipalities. Table 9-7 provides details on loss and damage in Klamath Community Services District during hazard events since the last hazard mitigation plan update.

9.7.3 Hazard Ranking
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 have detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards. The following presents key risk assessment results for Klamath Community Services District.

The participating jurisdictions have differing degrees of vulnerability to the hazards of concern, so each jurisdiction ranked its own degree of risk to each hazard. The community-specific hazard ranking is based on problems and impacts identified by the risk assessment presented in Volume 1. The ranking process involves an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence for each hazard; the potential impacts of the hazard on people, property, and the economy; community capabilities to address the hazard; and changing future climate conditions. Klamath Community Services District reviewed the County hazard ranking and individual results to assess the relative risk of the hazards of concern to the community.

During the review of the hazard ranking, the District indicated the following:
• The District’s repairs and maintenance budget continues to be taxed due to the occurrence of increased number of weather-related events.

Table 9-8 shows Klamath Community Services District’s final hazard rankings for identified hazards of concern. Mitigation action development uses the
DRAFT
ranking to target hazards with the highest risk.

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-9 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 9-1. Klamath Community Services District Flood, Tsunami, and NEHRP Soil Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-10 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 9-2. Klamath Community Services District Wildfire and Landslide Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-11 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 9-7. Hazard Event History in Klamath Community Services District Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage
and Losses in Klamath
Community Services
District
February 24
to March 1,
2019
Severe Storm
DR-4434-CA
Yes, Federal An atmospheric river spread across
northern California and produced
heavy rain that led to localized
flooding. Impacts included flooding on
Highway 199 along the west shoulder
and northbound lane.

Flooding, power outages,
SCADA systems down,
fences & trees downed.

January 20,
2020 to May
11, 2023
Pandemic (COVID19)
DR-4482-CA
EM-3428-CA
Yes, Federal The first confirmed case in California
was reported on January 25, 2020. Del
Norte County experienced surges in
COVID-19 cases in December 2020,
August to September 2021, January to
February 2022, and July 2022. Overall,
Del Norte reported 8,005 confirmed
cases and 62 fatalities between 2020
and 2023.

Unable to maintain
regular maintenance
schedules due to reduced
staff availability.

September 4
to November
17, 2020
Wildfire Yes, State and
Federal
Record-breaking hot temperatures
exacerbated existing fire conditions,
leading to drier conditions and allowing
wind to facilitate the rapid spread of
new fires. One complex, the Slater
Fire, spread into Del Norte County and
caused damage to roadways.

Provided water tanker
support to Cal-Fire.

November 9,
2021
High Wind - Pacific Power Main Water Tank
inoperable. Secondary
tanks found to have salt
intrusion. Boil Water
notices issued.

December
27, 2022 to
January 31,
2023
Flood
DR-4683-CA
CA23-1
Yes, State and
Federal
Atmospheric river led to multiple heavy
rainstorms and strong winds in late
December and January. Strong wind
caused multiple trees to fall, leading to
blockages on Highways 101, 197, and
199, and Parkway Drive. Downed
power lines caused multiple fires. Over
10,000 customers without power in
and around Crescent City due to
strong winds.

Klamath Mill Rd and
leach fields flooded,
banks busted making
culverts inoperable,
multiple power outages,
SCADA systems down,
fences & trees downed.

Sump pumps used to
access meters.

February 21
to July 10,
2023
Severe Storm,
Flood
DR-4699-CA
EM-3592-CA
CA23-3
Yes, State and
Federal
An atmospheric river spread across
northern California and produced
heavy rain that led to localized
flooding. Impacts included flooding on
Highway 199 along the west shoulder
and northbound lane.

No damages
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-12 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage
and Losses in Klamath
Community Services
District
August 15,
2023
Wildfire
CA23-5
Yes, State Dry thunderstorms produced
numerous lightning strikes across the
Six Rivers National Forest. Twentyseven fires developed within the Gasquet Ranger District and grew in
size rapidly in the first couple of weeks
of the fire, jumping Highway 199
causing a 3-week closure and resulting
in the evacuation of the town of
Gasquet. The fire also destroyed the
high-tension powerlines powering all of
Del Norte County. The County was
completely without power through
August 25 when generators were
installed to power the community. Main
transmission lines were not repaired
until September 10 when full power
was restored. The fire continued to
burn through September into October
with fewer impacts to the community
with a total of 95,000 acres burned
plus 2 residences and 3 minor
structures destroyed.

Power outages over
multiple days resulted in
water tanks drained,
SCADA system failures,
and sewage plant
inoperable. Shared
generators used.

January 13,
2024
High Wind - An atmospheric river resulted in 3 to 7
inches of rainfall in roughly 8 to 10
hours. This resulted in the highest
flows on the Mad River and Redwood
Creek since the 1970s. Widespread
creek flooding occurred in Del Norte
and Humboldt with multiple homes
damaged or destroyed.

Klamath Mill Rd and
leach fields flooded,
banks busted making
culverts inoperable,
multiple power outages,
SCADA systems down,
fences & trees downed.

Sump pumps used to
access meters.

EM = FEMA Emergency Declaration; DR = FEMA Major Disaster Declaration Table 9-8. Hazard Ranking
Hazard Rank
Drought Medium
Extreme Heat Medium
Extreme Wind Medium
Excessive Rain Medium
Earthquake Low
Flood Medium
Landslide Medium
Tsunami High
Wildfire High
Note: The scale is based on the hazard rankings established in DRAFT
Volume 1, modified as appropriate based on review by the jurisdiction

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-13 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

9.7.4 Identified Issues
After review of Klamath Community Services District’s hazard event history, hazard rankings, hazard location, and current capabilities, Klamath Community Services District identified the following vulnerabilities within the community:
• Dam failure—KCSD facilities are located in dam failure inundation areas. • Flooding—The KCSD Wastewater Treatment Plan is located in the 1-percent annual chance special flood hazard area. The District is currently performing a waste water treatment plan study and this vulnerability has been included in the design of the new plant. • Earthquake—The KCSD Wastewater Treatment Plant is located in class D soil, which may be prone to liquefaction. The District is currently performing a waste water treatment plan study and this vulnerability has been considered in the design of the new plant. • Landslide—A 125,000 gallon water tank is located in a very high landslide susceptibility zone.

The District is currently working with the Yurok Tribe to identify an alternate site for a125,000 gallon water tank.
• Severe weather—Power disruption can occur as a result of severe weather events. • Wildland fire—KCSD facilities are located in high fire severity zones. • Tsunami—The KCSD Wastewater Treatment Plant is located in a tsunami inundation zone. The District is currently performing a waste water treatment plan study and this vulnerability has been considered in the design of the new plant.
• Isolation—Several hazard events may result in isolation of the District and/or the inability for District staff and residents to evacuate. In the event that Highway 101 becomes inaccessible, the only available evacuation route is an extremely steep grade and is not well maintained. The District is currently working with the Yurok Tribe to resolve this issue.

Mitigation actions addressing these issues were prioritized for consideration in the action plan presented in the following section.

9.8 CONDITIONS THAT MAY IMPACT RISK

9.8.1 Population Pattern Trends
There are approximately 40 homes and 22 businesses within the District boundaries. There are 2 multiresidential properties, the Village Mobile Home Park has 33 lots and Hop’ew Village has 15 units. There is 1 hotel and 1 seasonal Redwood RV Park. The District estimates 3.3 individuals (aged people, adults and children) per household, for an estimated District population of 240. Due to seasonal tourism and recreational uses, the District estimates that the summer population exceeds 360.

The District contains vacant residential and commercial lands that will likely continue to develop at or near the current county-wide rates of 0.4 percent per year, putting the Klamath CSD population at approximately 250 in 2025. The District projects a population of approximately 260 in 2025. The visitor population may increase as well as a hotel expansion is being considered by the Yurok Tribe.

DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-14 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

9.8.2 Changes in Land Use and Development
The Klamath CSD serves the unincorporated community of Klamath including a mix of residential, commercial uses, and Tribal uses. The District also contains lands designated public facility, resource conservation area, and timberland. KCSD water infrastructure includes three active untreated wells, one 125,000-gallon water storage tank, and a water distribution system. Water is metered and supplied to homes through ¾” supply lines. KCSD serves approximately 68 water connections within the District.

In 2014 the District hooked up three new commercial facilities to the water system including a hotel/casino, a Knowledge and Cultural Park and the Yurok Tribe Justice Center. The water system was designed to meet both domestic water and fire flow requirements. One new commercial water connection is anticipated in 2025.

KCSD is responsible for collection, treatment, and disposal of the community’s wastewater. The present service area consists of commercial and residential areas. The District provides approximately 37 residential and 12 commercial wastewater service connections as of 2024. These numbers likely have not changed due to a Cease and Desist Order that has been placed on the wastewater system by the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (NCRWQCB) since 2006. The wastewater system is capable of serving a maximum capacity of 49 connections. The District has received a State Water Resources Control Board Proposition 1 grant in the amount of $500,000 to provide a Waste Water System Renovation Planning Project which included a rate study and was completed in 2019. In April 2024 estimated cost of construction was at finalized at $8,566,140 and the grant approval is pending. The District will be completing an in-house rate study in 2025.

9.9 MITIGATION STRATEGY AND PRIORITIZATION
This section discusses the status of mitigation actions from the previous HMP, describes proposed hazard mitigation actions, and prioritizes actions to address over the next five years.

9.9.1 Past Mitigation Action Status
Table 9-9 indicates progress on the District’s mitigation strategy identified in the 2019 HMP. Actions that are still recommended but not completed or that are in progress are carried forward and combined with new actions as part of the mitigation strategy for this plan update. Previous actions that are now ongoing programs and capabilities are indicated as such and are presented in the capability assessment earlier in this annex.

9.9.2 Additional Mitigation Efforts
In addition to the mitigation actions completed in Table 9-9, Klamath Community Services District identified the following mitigation efforts completed since the last HMP:
• Funding for the construction of the Waste Water System Renovation is in the process of being secured. The Yurok Tribe is constructing a new water tank scheduled to be complete in October 2025. Grant Funding Requests for a Water System Study are in process.

DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-15 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 9-9. Mitigation Action Status
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/ No
If yes, describe original
problem and any action
updates needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
KCSD-1 Renovate wastewater
system located in high
hazard area that has
experienced repetitive
losses. Incorporate
mitigation into renovation
plans.

KCSD In Progress,
SWRCB grant
funding documents
in process
yes Thousands of dollars are
spent annually to repair
equipment damaged due
to power outages and
extreme weather.

Multi-Hazard
KCSD-2 Actively participate in the
plan maintenance
protocols outlined in
Volume 1 of this hazard
mitigation plan.

Del Norte
County
Ongoing Capability yes Problem to be addressed
is the need for
community coordination
and understanding of
hazards.

Multi-Hazard
KCSD-3 Purchase generators for
critical facilities and
infrastructure that lack
adequate back-up power
including the waste water
pumping station.

KCSD No Progress
Grant requests
have been denied.
yes Problem to be addressed
is the need for a
generator given the
excessive number of
power outages.

Multi-Hazard
KCSD-4 Enhance ongoing public
education programs to
include components on
hazards and mitigation.

KCSD Ongoing Capability yes Problem to be addressed
is the need continually
educate the community
on potential hazards and
mitigation.

Multi-Hazard
KCSD-5 Create website to include
preparedness, warning
and mitigation information
on all hazards.

KCSD Completed. No - -
KCSD-6 Procure emergency
communications
equipment such as HAM
radios.

KCSD No Progress
Grant requests
denied
yes Problem to be addressed
is that a hazard could
isolate the District from
the County
Multi-Hazard
KCSD-7 Draft and adopt an
Emergency Response
Plan
KCSD No Progress
Obstacle to
progress is limited
staff availability and
funding.
yes Problem to be addressed
is no plan in place.

Multi-Hazard
KCSD-8 Draft and adopt a
Catastrophic Disaster
Plan
KCSD No Progress
Obstacle to
progress is limited
staff availability and
funding.
yes Problem to be addressed
is no plan in place.

Multi-Hazard
KCSD-9 Draft and adopt a Post
Disaster Action Plan that
includes grant funding,
debris removal and longterm recovery planning
components, addressing
both public and private
assets.

KCSD No Progress
Obstacle to
progress is limited
staff availability and
funding.
yes Problem to be addressed
is no plan in place.

DRAFT
Multi-Hazard

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-16 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/ No
If yes, describe original
problem and any action
updates needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
KCSD-10 Improve
accessibility/maintenance
of evacuation road.

Yurok Tribe In Progress Yes Evacuation road
deteriorated due to
hazards.

Multi-Hazard
KCSD-11 Replace water distribution
lines to avoid catastrophic
water loss. Life cycle
expectancy ends in 2025.

KCSD No Progress
Funding
unavailable
yes Problem to be address is
an aging system being
overstressed.

Flooding,
excessive
rain
KCSD-12 Continue to work with the
Yurok Tribe to identify an
alternate site for a
125,000 gallon water tank
located in a landslide
hazard area.

KCSD In Progress
Yurok Tribe working
on permits to begin
construction.
yes Yurok Tribe
developments require
increased capacity but
unable to find a location
that isn’t hazardous.

Earthquake,
landslide,
flooding.

9.9.3 Changes in Priorities
There have been no changes in priorities for KCSD since the 2019 HMP update.

9.9.4 Hazards Not Included in District Mitigation Strategy The Klamath Community Services District is a very small water utility district and does not have the capacity to design an all-hazards mitigation program. The District chose ten targeted projects that will enhance the overall resilience of their water infrastructure to their hazards of greatest concern.

The District did not include actions for drought or extreme heat. The Klamath River provides a consistent water supply and even when drought conditions exist elsewhere in the County, the water supply has not come close to impacting operations of the District. Extreme heat does not occur in the Klamath area in temperatures that would impact the water operations.

9.9.5 Proposed Hazard Mitigation Actions for the HMP Update Klamath Community Services District participated in the mitigation strategy workshop for this HMP to identify appropriate actions to include in a local hazard mitigation strategy. Its comprehensive consideration of all possible activities to address hazards of concern included review of the following FEMA documents:
• FEMA 551 “Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures” (March 2007) • FEMA “Mitigation Ideas—A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards” (January 2013) The action worksheets at the end of this annex list the mitigation actions that Klamath Community Services District would like to pursue in the future to reduce the effects of hazards. The actions are dependent upon available funding (grants and local match availability) and may be modified or omitted at any time based on the occurrence of new hazard events and changes DRAFT
in the District’s priorities.

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-17 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 9-10 indicates the range of proposed mitigation action categories. The four FEMA mitigation action categories are listed in the table to further demonstrate the wide range of activities and mitigation measures selected.

Volume 1 identifies four evaluation criteria for prioritizing the mitigation actions. To assist with rating each mitigation action as high, medium, or low priority, a numeric rank is assigned for each of the evaluation criteria. Table 9-11 provides a summary of the prioritization of all proposed mitigation actions for the HMP update.

9.9.6 Mitigation Strategy
The following pages list the specific plan for each mitigation action, including the agency responsible for implementation, potential funding sources, and expected timeframe for completion.

DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-18 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 9-10. Analysis of Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Category Actions That Address the Hazard, by Action Category
Hazard LPR SIP NSP EAP
Earthquake KCSD-5, KCSD-6 KCSD-1, KCSD-2, KCSD-4, KCSD-7, KCSD-8, KCSD-9 - KCSD-3 Excessive Rain KCSD-5, KCSD-6 KCSD-1, KCSD-2, KCSD-4, KCSD-7, KCSD-8 - KCSD-3 Extreme Wind KCSD-5, KCSD-6 KCSD-1, KCSD-2, KCSD-4, KCSD-7 - KCSD-3 Flood KCSD-5, KCSD-6 KCSD-1, KCSD-2, KCSD-4, KCSD-7, KCSD-8, KCSD-9, KCSD-10
- KCSD-3
Landslide KCSD-5, KCSD-6 KCSD-1, KCSD-2, KCSD-4, KCSD-7, KCSD-8, KCSD-9 - KCSD-3 Tsunami KCSD-5, KCSD-6 KCSD-1, KCSD-2, KCSD-4, KCSD-7, KCSD-8, KCSD-10 - KCSD-3 Wildfire KCSD-5, KCSD-6 KCSD-1, KCSD-2, KCSD-4, KCSD-7, KCSD-8 - KCSD-3 Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)—These actions include government authorities, policies or codes that influence the way land and buildings are being developed and built.

Natural Systems Protection (NSP)—These are actions that minimize damage and losses and preserve or restore the functions of natural systems.

Education and Awareness Programs (EAP)—These are actions to inform and educate citizens, elected officials, and property owners about hazards and potential ways to mitigate them. These actions may also include participation in national programs, such as StormReady and Firewise Communities
Table 9-11. Summary of Prioritization of Actions
Project Name Cost Benefit Objectives Time Frame Score Priority Backup Power Medium High 3 1-5 years 7.6 High
Retrofit Critical Facilities High High 4 1-5 years 6.8 Medium Public Education Low Low 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium
Redundant Communications Low Low 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium Response Plans Medium Medium 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium
Post-Disaster Plan Medium Medium 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium Evacuation Road High High 1 1-5 years 6.2 Medium
Relocate Wells High Medium 4 1-5 years 5.8 Medium
Water Tank Relocation High Medium 4 1-5 years 5.8 Medium Water Distribution Lines High Medium 3 1-5 years 5.6 Medium Note: Volume 1 of the HMP provides guidance on prioritizing mitigation actions. Low (0-5), Medium (5-7), High (7-9).

DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-19 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-1 Retrofit Critical Facilities
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: District-owned facilities experience thousands of dollars of loss annually to repair structures and equipment from natural hazard events.

Description of the Solution: Retrofit critical facilities that are located in hazard areas. This includes, but is not limited to, the wastewater facility.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-20 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-2 Backup Power
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District frequently experiences power outages, which results in water service issues.

Description of the Solution: Purchase generators for critical facilities and infrastructure that lack adequate back-up power including the waste water pumping station.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-21 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-3 Public Education
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Continual public education is necessary to ensure customers are aware of hazard risks and the potential for natural hazards to impact the water supply.

Description of the Solution: Enhance ongoing public education programs to include components on hazards and mitigation.

Estimated Cost: Low
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 3
Benefits: Long-term benefits of the action are difficult to quantify in the short term.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will assist vulnerable populations with understanding how natural hazards impact their water services.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will benefit the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: N/A
Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☒ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-22 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-4 Redundant Communications
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District is isolated from the rest of the county and a natural hazard could cut off telecommunications.

Description of the Solution: Identify and procure redundant emergency communications equipment, such as HAM radios.

Estimated Cost: Low
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 2
Benefits: Long-term benefits of the action are difficult to quantify in the short term.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will help the water district to be more resilient during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will benefit the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action would allow the district to continue communicating with state and local officials during a telecommunications outage.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-23 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-5 Response Plans
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District does not have plans that identify roles and responsibilities during an emergency.

Description of the Solution: Draft and adopt an Emergency Response Plan and a Catastrophic Disaster Plan.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 2
Benefits: This action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will benefit the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will allow for a faster and more coordinated response to natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-24 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-6 Post-Disaster Plan
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District does not have plans that identify roles and responsibilities following a disaster.

Description of the Solution: Draft and adopt a Post-Disaster Action Plan.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will benefit the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will allow for a faster and more coordinated recovery from natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-25 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-7 Evacuation Road
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Evacuation road has deteriorated due to natural hazard impacts.

Description of the Solution: Improve accessibility/maintenance of evacuation road.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1
Benefits: This action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow vulnerable populations to evacuating during emergencies.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will benefit the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: N/A
Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-26 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-8 Water Distribution Lines
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Existing water infrastructure does not have the capacity to support fire trucks during a wildfire. In addition, a landslide, earthquake or flood would damage the water and could result in water service being suspended for all customers.

Description of the Solution: Expand the capacity and level of protection provided by water distribution lines.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: This action will have a long-term reduction of risk to lives and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-27 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-9 Water Tank Relocation
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☐Tsunami
☐Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Yurok Tribe developments require increased capacity but the District has been unsuccessful at finding a location that is not in a hazard area.

Description of the Solution: Continue to work with the Yurok Tribe to identify an alternate site for a 125,000 gallon water tank located in a landslide hazard area.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4,5
Benefits: This action will have a long-term reduction of risk to lives and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

9. Klamath Community Services District
9-28 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
KCSD-10 Relocate Wells
Lead Agency: Klamath Community Service District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☐Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☐Excessive Rain
☐Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☐Landslide
☒Tsunami
☐Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Two existing wells near US 101 have saltwater intrusion from sea level rise and flooding.

Description of the Solution: Relocate wells to an area at lower risk from natural hazards.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4,5
Benefits: This action will have a long-term reduction of risk to lives and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

This action will allow water service to remain functional during natural hazard events.

Impact on Future Development: Additional development may be possible with higher capacity infrastructure.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Loss of infrastructure would have an immediate impact on the water systems lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Strengthened water systems would allow the District to continue functioning during natural hazard events.

Mitigation Category ☐Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)
☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐Education and Awareness Programs
(EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-1 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

10. SMITH RIVER FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT
This jurisdictional annex to the Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) provides information to assist public and private sectors in the Smith River Fire Protection District with reducing losses from future hazard events. This annex is not guidance of what to do when a disaster occurs; its focus is on actions that can be implemented prior to a disaster to reduce or eliminate damage to property and people. The annex presents a general overview of the Smith River Fire Protection District, describes who participated in the planning process, assesses the District’s risk, vulnerability, and capabilities, and outlines a strategy for achieving a more resilient community.

10.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM
The Smith River Fire Protection District identified primary and alternate HMP points of contact and developed this plan over the course of several months. Geoffrey Antill represented the community on the Del Norte County HMP Planning Partnership and Steering Committee and supported the local planning process by securing input from persons with specific knowledge to enhance the plan. All departments were asked to contribute to the annex development through reviewing and contributing to the capability assessment, reporting on the status of previously identified actions, and participating in action identification and prioritization.

Table 10-1 summarizes District officials who participated in the development of the annex and in what capacity. Additional documentation of the District’s planning activities through Planning Partnership meetings is included in Volume 1.

Table 10-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team
Primary Point of Contact Alternate Point of Contact
Name/Title: Geoffrey Antill, Captain
Address: 245 Haight Ave, PO Box 187, Smith River, CA
95567
Phone Number: (707) 487-5621
Email: [email protected]
Name/Title: Elaine Fallgren, Chairperson
Address: 245 Haight Ave, PO Box 187, Smith River, CA
95567
Phone Number: (707) 487-5621
Email: [email protected]
Additional Contributors
Name/Title: Ron Simpson
Method of Participation: Review and approve Annex

10.2 COMMUNITY PROFILE
The Smith River Fire Protection District (SRFPD) is a California Special District, organized to provide local fire protection, rescue, and emergency medical services in the area around Smith River and Hiouchi, California.

SRFPD was first organized in 1934 after a fire that nearly destroyed the town of Smith River. In 1956, the district was formally incorporated as the Smith River Volunteer Fire Department. In 1978, the district was reorganized as a special district and rena
DRAFT
med the Smith River Fire Protection District. On April 21,

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-2 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
1983, the SRFPD adopted a resolution annexing Hiouchi, California into the District. On March 7, 2024, SRFPD adopted a resolution annexing certain properties to the east of Oceanview Drive in Smith River.

SRFPD is primarily funded by a portion of property tax collections but also collects an annual fee (benefit assessment) per habitable structure. The district serves all residences, business, and wildland areas within its boundaries, as well as the many visitors to the area.

The district has just over 1,500 structures and about 2,600 residents. Population in the area trends up or down slightly with the local economy. About 27 percent of the population lives below the poverty level.

The small amount of new construction in the district is along the hillsides overlooking the ocean, and along the river in Hiouchi. These areas are considered urban-wildland interface areas. SRFPD participates in the Public Protection Class Rating and currently has a rating of 5/5Y.

SRFPD has three part-time paid staff members: a fire chief, a projects administrator, and a secretary. In addition, the district is staffed by approximately 20 volunteer firefighters. The department has formal reciprocal aid agreements with the Tolowa Dee Ni’ Nation and with adjoining fire districts and other local, state and federal agencies.

The district operates two fire stations: the main hall in Smith River (Station One), and a station in Hiouchi (Station Two). The district responds to approximately 340 emergency calls per year. About three quarters of those calls are in the Station One first due area, and the remainder are within Station Two’s area. About 70 percent of all calls are for medical assistance.

Due to the rural nature of the district, the availability of fire hydrants is limited to the township areas of Smith River and Hiouchi. A large portion of the district is supplied by well water, and firefighting is accomplished using water tenders. SRFPD is governed by a five-member elected Board of Directors, which assumes responsibility for the adoption of this plan and will oversee its implementation.

10.2.1 Service Area and Trends
The SRFPD service area roughly corresponds to the Smith River Planning Area and the Hiouchi Planning Area as identified in the hazard mitigation planning process. The district is bounded on the north by the Oregon state border, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Smith River, and on the east at about mile marker 8 on US Hwy 199. SRFPD is first due in a 59-square-mile area that includes the primary district boundaries (27 square miles), and a sphere of influence area (32 square miles). The district consists of rural residential and agricultural occupancies and areas of remote wildland.

The Smith River and Hiouchi Census Designated Places (CDP) are within the FPD Boundary. The District extends beyond these CDPs, and they use census block data and tax roll information for population estimates. For consistency with other population estimates, in the MSR, a District census based population is 3,300. The District reports a higher population of 4,039, based on approximately DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-3 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
1,590 occupied structures on Del Norte County tax rolls and an average persons per household is 2.54.

The SRFPD owns the land on which the main fire station (Station One) in Smith River is located (approximately 2 acres), with an interior space of approximately 21,000 square feet. In Hiouchi, the district owns a wood frame building (Station Two) that is located on land owned by the US Park Service under a Special Use Permit. The district also owns a 4,000-square-foot former fire station in Smith River that the district intends to dispose of as excess property.

The SRFPD is included in both the County of Del Norte General Plan and the Tolowa Dee Ni’ Nation area plan. Both plans anticipate residential and visitor-serving commercial growth in the SRFPD service area. While such growth is not quantified, it is anticipated to increase the number of housing units within the service area, as well as increase commercial facilities, thus presenting a potential increase in the demand for fire protection services.

10.3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to the public that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. Del Norte County is sparsely populated with the majority of government and private services available in Crescent City, including grocery stores, hardware stores, and restaurants. The County posted information about the HMP update on the County Facebook page and on the OES website. Flyers advertising the HMP update were canvassed across Crescent City. The public was invited to participate in the planning process by responding to the public survey, attending a virtual Steering Committee meeting, attending an in-person meeting, and reviewing the draft plan.

In addition to that work, the District partnered with the Smith River CSD and the County to post information about the HMP update in the few public services available in Smith River, including the United Indian Health Services Office and the local laundromat. Figure 10-1 shows selected outreach efforts and Appendix A includes all outreach efforts.

10.3.1 Public Feedback Integration
Of the 196 responses to the public survey, 12 respondents reported that they received services from the District. These respondents were extremely or very concerned about earthquakes, excessive rain, extreme wind, flooding, landslides, tsunamis, and wildfires. They reported receiving emergency information through mass notifications, government websites and newsletters, public meetings, Facebook, and local media outlets. They expressed concern about natural hazards causing power outages, the impact of natural hazards on the few roads that service the County, and vulnerable populations living with higher risk to natural hazards. The mitigation strategy incorporated the community’s greatest concerns and the public outreach strategy was designed with community limitations in mind.

DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-4 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 10-1. Public Outreach by Smith River Fire Protection District DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-5 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

10.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to stakeholders that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. In addition to that work, the District invited stakeholders to participate in the planning process. The following organizations were invited to participate by attending a Steering Committee meeting, responding to the stakeholder survey, contributing information and expertise to the plan, and reviewing the draft plan.

10.4.1 Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation Activities • Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services
• California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
• CAL FIRE
• Caltrans

10.4.2 Agencies that Have the Authority to Regulate Development • Del Norte County Planning Division

10.4.3 Neighboring Communities
• Fort Dick Volunteer Fire Department
• Harbor, OR Rural Fire District
• Gasquet Fire Protection District
• Smith River Community Services District (Smith River) • Big Rock Community Services District (Hiouchi)

10.4.4 Representatives of Business, Academia, and Other Private Organizations
• Smith River School (School District)
• Del Norte Ambulance

10.4.5 Nonprofit Organizations and Community-Based Organizations • Del Norte County & Tribal Lands Community Food Council

10.5 JURISDICTIONAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT AND INTEGRATION Smith River Community Services District performed an inventory and analysis of existing capabilities, plans, programs, and policies that enhance its ability to implement mitigation strategies. Volume 1 describes the components included in the capability assessment and their significance for hazard mitigation planning. The jurisdictional assessment for this annex includes analyses of the following:

DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-6 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• Planning and regulatory capabilities
• Development and permitting capabilities
• Administrative and technical capabilities
• Fiscal capabilities
• Education and outreach capabilities
• Classification under various community mitigation programs • Adaptive capacity to withstand hazard events
For a community to succeed in reducing long-term risk, hazard mitigation must be integrated into dayto-day local government operations. As part of the hazard mitigation analysis, planning and /policy documents were reviewed and each jurisdiction was surveyed to obtain a better understanding of their progress toward plan integration. Development of an updated mitigation strategy provided an opportunity for Smith River Fire Protection District to identify opportunities for integrating mitigation concepts into ongoing District procedures.

10.5.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Table 10-2 summarizes the planning and regulatory tools that are available to Smith River Fire Protection District.

10.5.2 Building Codes, Land Use, and Development
Smith River Fire Protection District is a special district located in unincorporated Del Norte County. The District is subject to the Del Norte County and State of California building codes and land use regulations. The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, building code, land use, and development capabilities are not applicable to the District. The District does, however, participate in the permitting process as permits are issued by the County.

10.5.3 Administrative and Technical Capability
Table 10-3 summarizes potential staff and personnel resources available to Smith River Fire Protection District and their current responsibilities that contribute to hazard mitigation.

10.5.4 Fiscal Capability
Table 10-4 summarizes financial resources available to Smith River Fire Protection District.

10.5.5 Education and Outreach Capability
Table 10-5 summarizes the education and outreach resources available to Smith River Fire Protection District.

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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-7 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 10-2. Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Jurisdictio
n has
this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan,
date of enactment or plan
adoption)
Authority
(local, county,
state, federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or
Agency
Codes, Ordinances, & Regulations
Building Code Yes California Building Code (2022)
California Fire Code (2022)
California Health and Safety
Code
State Del Norte County
Building Safety
The California Building Code (CBC) contains general building design and construction requirements relating to fire and life safety, structural safety, and access compliance. CBC provisions provide minimum standards to safeguard life or limb, health, property, and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy, location, and maintenance of all buildings and structures and certain equipment.

Planning Documents
Community Wildfire Protection
Plan
Yes Del Norte County Fire Safe
Council Community Wildfire
Protection Plan 2020
County Del Norte County Fire
Safe Council
This Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) provides a broad description of what is necessary for a fire to begin and how communities can defend themselves when faced with a wildfire. The Plan focuses on how fuel can be mitigated to enhance community safety. It outlines the steps necessary for ensuring that local fire suppression efforts are successful (e.g. residence addressing, adequate roads, proper turnarounds, secondary access, water supply, etc.).

Continuity of Operations Plan Yes Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP), Smith River FPD
annex.

County, with
participation of
special
districts.

Del Norte County OES.

For Smith River FPD:

Geoffrey Antill.

The Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) largely follows the National Incident Management System (NIMS) for emergency operations. The COOP goes beyond NIMS, however, in describing the means by which the organizational structure of the district is to respond in the event of the unavailability of various key members Strategic Plan Yes Smith River Fire Protection
District Strategic Plan 2016-
2026
District Smith River Fire
Protection District
The Strategic Plan identifies 14 strategic goals that will help the District achieve its mission of protecting life, property and the environment, bringing values to the communities it serves, and retaining active and well-qualified volunteers. The goals for protecting life, property, and the environment include: building organizational capacity; acquiring and maintaining adequate station facilities; improving radio communications; acquiring the best apparatus and equipment and maintaining them in excellent condition; and preparing for regional events, including an earthquake in the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The HMP aligns with the Strategic Plan by emphasizing community preparedness.

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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-8 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 10-3. Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Resources Available? Comment
Administrative Capability
Emergency Management/Public Safety Department Yes The district command staff participates with County OES in the event of a major incident.

Chief Ron Simpson is the key contact.

Maintenance programs to reduce risk (stormwater
maintenance, tree trimming, etc.)
Yes The district regularly visits schools within the
district to provide fire prevention and safety
information. Chief Ron Simpson is the key
Contact.

Mutual aid agreements Yes Automatic and mutual aid agreements in place with all adjoining districts, and the US Forest
Service. Chief Ron Simpson is the key contact.

Human Resources Manual - Do any job descriptions
specifically include identifying or implementing mitigation projects or other efforts to reduce natural hazard risk? Yes The Project Administrator’s job description
includes participation in the HMP process.

Related grant writing and project management
(performance) duties are included.

Technical/Staffing Capability
Planners or engineers with knowledge of land
development and land management practices
Yes Provided through contract support.

Engineers or professionals trained in building or
infrastructure construction practices
Yes Provided through contract support.

Planners or engineers with an understanding of natural
hazards
Yes Provided through contract support.

Staff with expertise or training in benefit/cost analysis Yes Projects Administrator, part-time Professionals trained in conducting damage assessments No Personnel skilled or trained in GIS and/or Hazus
applications
Yes Provided through contract support.

Staff that work with socially vulnerable populations or underserved communities
No
Environmental scientists familiar with natural hazards No Surveyors Yes Provided through contract support.

Emergency manager Yes Provided through contract support.

Grant writers Yes Projects Administrator, part-time
Resilience Officer No
Other (this could include stormwater engineer,
environmental specialist, etc.)
No
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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-9 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 10-4. Fiscal Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible or Eligible to Use?
Capital improvement project funding Yes
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes Yes
User fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service No Impact fees for homebuyers or developers of new development/homes No Incur debt through general obligation bonds Yes
Incur debt through special tax bonds Yes
Incur debt through private activity bonds No
Other federal or state funding programs Yes
Other (for example, Clean Water Act 319 Grants [Nonpoint Source Pollution])
Share in general property tax revenue
Table 10-5. Education and Outreach Capabilities
Outreach Resources Available? Comment
Public information officer or communications office Yes PIO Elaine Fallgren Personnel skilled or trained in website development Yes Projects Administrator, Geoffrey Antill Hazard mitigation information available on your website Yes Linked plan Social media for hazard mitigation education and outreach No Citizen boards or commissions that address issues related to hazard mitigation
Yes Fire Safe Council; Neighborhood
Watch
Warning systems for hazard events Yes Station siren, use of “IamResponding” for text notifications, recording of
relevant radio dispatches.

Public outreach mechanisms / programs to inform citizens on natural hazards, risk, and ways to protect themselves during such events
Yes Outreach to elementary schools,
generally during October (Fire
Prevention Month). Participation in
local events such as Tolowa Dee-ni’
Days in September.

10.5.6 Community Classifications
Table 10-6 summarizes classifications for community programs available to Smith River Fire Protection District.

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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-10 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 10-6. Community Classifications
Program Participating? Classification Date Classified
Community Rating System (CRS) N/A N/A N/A
Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) N/A N/A N/A Public Protection (ISO Fire Protection Classes 1 to 10) Yes Rating of 5/5Y 2016 National Weather Service StormReady Certification N/A N/A N/A Firewise Communities classification N/A N/A N/A
Other: Organizations with mitigation focus (advocacy group, non-government)

N/A N/A N/A
N/A = Not applicable

10.5.7 Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is defined as “the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences” (IPCC 2022). Each jurisdiction has a unique combination of capabilities to adjust to, protect from, and withstand a future hazard event, future conditions, and changing risk. Table 10-7 summarizes the adaptive capacity for each identified hazard of concern and the District’s capability to address related actions using the following classifications:
• Strong adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does have the capability to effectively respond, plans/policies exceed minimum requirements; deployable resources all of which decreases vulnerability.
• Moderate adaptive capacity means minimum requirements are in place; moderate capabilities; mitigation measures are identified but not implemented widespread; jurisdiction can recover but needs outside resources.
• Weak adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does not have the capability to effectively respond, which leads to an increase in vulnerability. Examples include weak/outdated/inconsistent plans, policies, codes/ordinances in place; no redundancies; limited to no deployable resources; limited capabilities to respond; long recovery.

Table 10-7. Adaptive Capacity
Hazard Adaptive Capacity - Strong/Moderate/Weak
Drought Weak
Extreme Heat Weak
Extreme Wind Moderate
Excessive Rain Moderate
Earthquake Weak
Flood Moderate
Landslide Weak
Tsunami Moderate
Wildfire
DRAFT
Moderate

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-11 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

10.6 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM COMPLIANCE
Smith River Fire Protection District is a special district for unincorporated Del Norte County. The District does not participate in the NFIP directly. Therefore, all structures located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County assessment of NFIP-insured structures with repetitive loss. This information can be found in Section 2.6.

10.7 JURISDICTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 provide detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards, including summaries of Smith River Fire Protection District’s risk assessment results and data used to determine the hazard ranking. Key local risk assessment information is presented below.

10.7.1 Hazard Area
Hazard area maps provided below illustrate the probable hazard areas impacted within the District are shown in Figure 10-2 and Figure 10-3. These maps are based on the best available data at the time of the preparation of this plan and are adequate for planning purposes. Maps are provided only for hazards that can be identified clearly using mapping techniques and technologies and for which Smith River Fire Protection District has significant exposure. The maps show the location of potential new development, where available.

10.7.2 Hazard Event History
The history of natural and non-natural hazard events in Smith River Fire Protection District is detailed in Volume 1, where each hazard profile includes a chronology of historical events that have affected the County and its municipalities. Table 10-8 provides details on loss and damage in Smith River Fire Protection District during hazard events since the last hazard mitigation plan update.

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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-12 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 10-2. Flood, Tsunami, and NEHRP Soil Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-13 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 10-3. Wildfire and Landslide Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-14 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 10-8. Hazard Event History in Smith River Fire Protection District Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage and Losses in
Smith River Fire Protection District
February 24
to March 1,
2019
Severe Storm
DR-4434-CA
Yes, Federal An atmospheric river spread
across northern California and
produced heavy rain that led to
localized flooding. Impacts
included flooding on Highway
199 along the west shoulder and
northbound lane.

Responded to US Hwy 101 for motor
vehicle accident (MVA) on 2/26/19.

Debris slides closed US Hwy 199 and
state highway 197 intermittently.

January 20,
2020 to May
11, 2023
Pandemic
(COVID-19)
DR-4482-CA
EM-3428-CA
Yes, Federal The first confirmed case in
California was reported on
January 25, 2020. Del Norte
County experienced surges in
COVID-19 cases in December
2020, August to September
2021, January to February 2022,
and July 2022. Overall, Del Norte
reported 8,005 confirmed cases
and 62 fatalities between 2020
and 2023.

Experienced shortage of medical PPE
throughout the pandemic. Staffing
became an issue at several times due
to firefighters in quarantine for COVID19. Call volume decreased early in the pandemic but experienced a surge
within 6 months of this period. (Call
volumes have not moderated since.)
September 4
to November
17, 2020
Wildfire
DR-4569-CA
CA20-3
Yes, State
and Federal
Record-breaking hot
temperatures exacerbated
existing fire conditions, leading to
drier conditions and allowing
wind to facilitate the rapid spread
of new fires. One complex, the
Slater Fire, spread into Del Norte
County and caused damage to
roadways.

Assigned to structure protection duties
during the Slater Fire. Committed one
engine and one water tender for
approximately 1 week.

US Hwy 199 was under full closure for
more than a week. US Hwy 199 was
subject to repair closures intermittently
for over a year.

November 7,
2022
Hail No Traffic crash due to hail covered
roads. No injuries.

Responded to motor vehicle accident
(MVA) on Fred Haight Drive. Closed
Fred Haight Drive for about two hours.

December 9
to 10, 2022
High Wind No Tree fell on vehicle causing
crash. Power lines down across
Highway 197 and 199 due to
high wind gusts.

Responded to power lines down on CA
Hwy 197. Closed CA 197 for two
hours.

Responded to big rig motor vehicle
accident on US Hwy 199. Closed US
Hwy 199 for approximate two-one-half
hours.

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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-15 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage and Losses in
Smith River Fire Protection District
December
27, 2022 to
January 31,
2023
Flood
DR-4683-CA
CA23-1
Yes, State
and Federal
Atmospheric river led to multiple
heavy rainstorms and strong
winds in late December and
January. Strong wind caused
multiple trees to fall, leading to
blockages on Highways 101,
197, and 199, and Parkway
Drive. Downed power lines
caused multiple fires. Over
10,000 customers without power
in and around Crescent City due
to strong winds.

Experienced intermittent power
outages at Fire Stations 1 and 2,
delaying response times.

Responded to ten (10) power lines/
power pole down incidents. US Hwy
199 was closed in three of these
incidents; US Hwy 101 was closed in
one incident. Surface street closures in
other incidents.

Responded to two separate motor
vehicle accidents; one that closed US
Hwy 199 and one that closed CA Hwy
197.

February 21
to July 10,
2023
Severe
Storm, Flood
DR-4699-CA
EM-3592-CA
CA23-3
Yes, State
and Federal
Severe storms and high winds
led to mudslides and landslides.

Downed trees blocked portions of
Highway 199.

February 23, 2023, at about 3:00PM, a
weather cell passed through the Fort
Dick and Smith River area, dropping
nearly a foot of snow. The result was
numerous traffic accident and mutual
aid calls, closing US Hwy 101 for about
3 hours, and CA Hwy 197 for about 10
hours. Intermittent power outages
hampered response times to other
medical assistance calls.

Responded to 14 motor vehicle
accidents in this period, some closing
US Hwy 101 and US Hwy 197 partially.

Responded to 24 fire calls in this
period, including 5 powerline/tree down
resulting in partial or full closure of US
Hwy 199, CA Hwy 197, and Fred
Haight Dr.

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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-16 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated? Summary of Event
Summary of Damage and Losses in
Smith River Fire Protection District
August 15,
2023
Wildfire
CA23-5
Yes, State Dry thunderstorms produced
lightning strikes across the Six
Rivers National Forest. 27 fires
developed in the Gasquet
Ranger District and grew rapidly,
jumping Highway 199 causing a
3-week closure and resulting in
the evacuation of the Town of
Gasquet. The fire destroyed hightension powerlines powering all of Del Norte County. The County
was without power through
August 25 when generators were
installed. Main transmission lines
were not repaired until
September 10. The fire burned
into October with a total of
95,000 acres burned plus 2
residences and 3 minor
structures destroyed.

After early morning lightning strikes
(over 150), SRFPD responded to
multiple vegetation fires within the
district, and in mutual aid with Fort
Dick FPD. Early in the afternoon, the
district committed two engines to what
became known as the SRF Smith
River Complex Fire. They were
committed to the US Forest Service
under mutual aid for a week.

Power to the entire county was cut and
was not fully restored until early
September. This increased our
response times due to lack of
electricity at Stations 1 and 2.

US Hwy 199 was closed for several
weeks, and intermittent road closures
continued for almost 1 year.

January 13,
2024
High Wind No An atmospheric river resulted in
3 to 7 inches of rainfall in roughly
8 to 10 hours. This resulted in the
highest flows on the Mad River
and Redwood Creek since the
1970s. Widespread creek
flooding occurred in Del Norte
and Humboldt with multiple
homes damaged or destroyed.

None.

March 1 to 6,
2024
High Wind,
Heavy Rain,
Debris Flow
No A hailstorm produced significant
rainfall, causing downed trees
and landslides that block
Highways 101 and 199 near
Crescent City and Gasquet.

Responded on one powerline down
call, and one motor vehicle accident on
US Hwy 199.

March 23 to
24, 2024
High Wind,
Heavy Rain
No Rainfall and strong winds led to
multiple instances of landslides.

The storm downed a tree on
Highway 199.

Closure of US Hwy 199.

EM = FEMA Emergency Declaration; DR = FEMA Major Disaster Declaration

10.7.3 Hazard Ranking
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 have detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards. The following presents key risk assessment results for Smith River Fire Protection District.

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-17 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
process involves an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence for each hazard; the potential impacts of the hazard on people, property, and the economy; community capabilities to address the hazard; and changing future climate conditions. Smith River Fire Protection District reviewed the County hazard ranking and individual results to assess the relative risk of the hazards of concern to the community.

During the review of the hazard ranking, the District indicated the following:
• Wildfires in August 2023 caused power outages throughout the District. • While drought and extreme heat contribute to wildfire ignitions, Smith River is not located in an area that suffers from extreme drought or dangerous temperatures. • Due to the geography of the area, extreme winds can knock over trees and start landslides. • Flooding and excess rain are common occurrences in the District.

Table 10-9 shows Smith River Fire Protection District’s final hazard rankings for identified hazards of concern. Mitigation action development uses the ranking to target hazards with the highest risk.

Table 10-9. Hazard Ranking
Hazard Rank
Drought Low
Extreme Heat Low
Extreme Wind High
Excessive Rain Medium
Earthquake Medium
Flood Low
Landslide Medium
Tsunami Medium
Wildfire High
Note: The scale is based on the hazard rankings established in Volume 1, modified as appropriate based on review by the jurisdiction

10.7.4 Identified Issues
Volume 1 of this hazard mitigation plan provides complete risk assessments for each identified hazard of concern. This section provides information on a few key vulnerabilities for the jurisdiction. The following issues have been identified based on a review of the results of the risk assessment, public involvement strategy, and other available resources:
• Earthquake
• There is a risk of critical facility collapse, infrastructure damage, especially to older water pipes on which the SRFPD depends for firefighting capacity, and power disruption. • The district currently operates out of two fire stations; only one of which is compliant with critical facility codes and may be subject to damage as a result of earthquake. • Wildfire
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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-18 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• The SRFPD would be responsible for fighting wildfires within its service area and would likely be called upon to assist in fighting wildfires outside of its service area as a result of both formal and informal mutual aid agreements.
• SRFPD is first due in a 59-square-mile area which is about half wildland area, and about a quarter wildland urban interface.
• Inland areas of the fire district do have some vulnerability to extreme heat or drought events.

These are sparsely populated areas, and have no agricultural operations, other than logging.
• Landslide
• The primary impact of landslides is the need for the SRFPD to respond to calls for emergency assistance and evacuation of residents trapped or potentially trapped by landslides. Response efforts may be hampered if roads are blocked by landslide debris. • The landslide hazard is a likely secondary outcome of the Earthquake and Severe Weather (or both) hazards.
• Excessive Rain
• Power disruption can occur as a result of severe weather events. Experience with power outages is that they can last 48 to 72 hours during severe weather. • Flood
• Localized flooding is often an issue during severe winter weather, sometimes isolating neighborhoods.
• Extreme Wind
• Downed trees and power lines are common and often block major roads. In these cases, SRFPD is likely to be called upon for evacuation of isolated areas and traffic control on roads.

Mitigation actions addressing these issues were prioritized for consideration in the action plan presented in the following section.

10.8 CONDITIONS THAT MAY IMPACT RISK

10.8.1 Population Pattern Trends
The District is located along California’s Redwood and Wild Rivers coastline and has a visitor influx during the summer months (and similar visitor increases during the winter months). Visitor accommodations include hotels, a casino, RV and camping sites. There is also an increase in highway travelers. The District is only accessible via US Hwy 101 and US Hwy 199 with a transient population estimated at 1,607. In a major seismic event, road and bridge closures would block transient population ingress or egress. This population may be stranded for anywhere from a few hours to several weeks.

This increases District services demands, especially for emergency services.

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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-19 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

10.8.2 Changes in Land Use and Development
The area serviced by the District is primarily agricultural, commercial timber production lands, recreation areas, and residential developments. There are areas of light industrial and commercial areas within the District. Opportunities for growth exist, but physical hazards and constraints such as flood plains and hillsides are barriers to growth.

Smith River Fire Protection District is a special district for unincorporated Del Norte County. The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, changes in development that have occurred in hazardprone areas located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County Growth/Development Trends. This information can be found in Section 2.8.2.

10.9 MITIGATION STRATEGY AND PRIORITIZATION
This section discusses the status of mitigation actions from the previous HMP, describes proposed hazard mitigation actions, and prioritizes actions to address over the next five years.

10.9.1 Past Mitigation Action Status
Table 10-10 indicates progress on the District’s mitigation strategy identified in the 2019 HMP. Actions that are still recommended but not completed or that are in progress are carried forward and combined with new actions as part of the mitigation strategy for this plan update. Previous actions that are now ongoing programs and capabilities are indicated as such and are presented in the capability assessment earlier in this annex.

10.9.2 Additional Mitigation Efforts
Since the adoption of the County’s first HMP, Smith River Fire Protection District has made significant mitigation progress in the following areas:
• Completed Continuity of Operations Plan – 2018
• Acquired and renovated an earthquake resistant building to replace existing Fire Station 1 • Installed vinyl roofing on main fire station that reduces heat in the building DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-20 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 10-10. Status of Previous Mitigation Actions
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/ No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
SRFPD-1 Install power
generation at
critical facilities,
including the new
headquarters
station. May
include purchase
of generators as
well as study of
feasibility of
wind/solar
generation
facilities in the
Smith River area in
partnership with
Smith River
Community
Services District.

SRFPD Station #1 generator:

BCA produced a positive
and significant benefit,
however CalOES
declined to forward the
grant application since
construction of Station #1
was still on-going.

Station #2 generator:

BCA produced a positive
and significant benefit,
but National Park Service
(who owns the land)
would not agree to a
lease term longer than 5-
years. This reduced a
positive 20-year BCA to a
negative benefit.

Yes
No
SRFPD intends to reapply for a generator at
Station #1, as soon as
construction is
completed.

SRFPD will not pursue
a generator at Station
#2 because the land on
which the station exists
is under a renewable 5-
year lease from the US
Park Service.

All
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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-21 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/ No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
SRFPD-2 Where
appropriate,
support retrofitting,
purchase or
relocation of
critical facilities
located in high
hazard areas,
prioritizing those
structures that
have experienced
repetitive losses
and/or are located
in high or medium
ranked hazard.

SRFPD is
presently
evaluating the
feasibility of
relocating its
Station One to a
building that can
be upgraded to
critical facilities
earthquake
standards. SRFPD
intends to evaluate
its Station Two for
retrofit to critical
facility standards.

SRFPD Station 1: The decision
was made to move in to
an existing building which
substantially meets
seismic standards, and to
perform any necessary
improvements to meet
“critical facility” standards.

Structural improvements
to the new building are
underway, and It is
anticipated that the
district will occupy that
space in early 2025. HMA
grant application was
made, but the cost of
grant qualification studies
outweighed the potential
for grant funding for this
project.

Station 2: This station is a
wood frame building, built
in 1985. It is not viewed
as a significant seismic
risk. In addition, it exists
on land that is occupied
under a 5-year renewable
use permit, which is only
renewed in 5-year
increments. The BCA to
any improvements to this
building need to be
positive over a 5-year
term.

Yes
Yes
Once the structural
work is completed on
the new station
(renovated building), it
is anticipated that other
hazard mitigation
projects related to the
building may need to be
undertaken.

While the BCA of any
improvements are
limited by the 5-year
use permit, it is
expected that some
improvement projects
may need to be
undertaken.

Seismic
hazards.

Loss of grid
power
secondary to:

Wildfire
Wind Event
Landslide
Event
Flooding Event
Facility damage
secondary to:

Wildfire
Wind Event
Flooding Event
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10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-22 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/ No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
SRFPD-3 Enhance first-due
wildland fire
fighting capability.

Acquire Type 3
fire-fighting
apparatus and
increase training of
fire fighters.

Increase
coordination with
other agencies in
the region.

SRFPD SRFPD has acquired two
Type-6 engines (which
have been deployed to
the SRF Smith River
Complex Fire, and other
local wildland fire starts).

In addition, in 2024,
SRFPD acquired a Type2 engine specifically to
address both structure
fire protection and
wildland fire response in
the Station 2 area.

Wildland firefighting
training is coordinated
with other districts in Del
Norte County, and with
USFS and CalFire.

Training is renewed
annually, and much more
can be done to see
improvements.

Yes Improvements in
training regimen are still
possible.

Recruitment programs
for wildland firefighters
are needed.

Wildfire Event
SRFPD-4 Map static water
supplies greater
than 2,000 gallons
to support
firefighting
operations.

SRFPD There has been little
progress on this task due
to time constraints,
equipment costs, and
training. Only this year
has SRFPD began to
address these issues,
working with Smith River
CSD.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event
Structure
protection
SRFPD-5 Support alternative
communication
facilities at each
fire station (ham
radio room &
antenna).

SRFPD SRFPD has collaborated
with Gasquet Fire District
and the Del Norte County
Sheriff’s Office to install a
repeater at Station 2. This
repeater is intended to
improve communication
along the Hwy 199
corridor, which
experiences the highest
wildfire risk.

Yes Relocate the new
repeater to a location
with better propagation.

Upgrade equipment as
communication
standards evolve.

Provide for emergency
generation equipment
to maintain
communication during
the loss of grid power.

Loss of grid
power
secondary to:

Wildfire, Wind
Event,
Landslide
Event, Flooding
Event
Facility damage
secondary to:

Wildfire, Wind
Event, Flooding
DRAFT
Event

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-23 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/ No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
SRFPD-6 Develop response
plans for events
that isolate some
or all of the district,
especially critical
bridge failure or
landslide run-out.

This will include
pre-planning
scenarios, siting
supply caches,
preparing housing
displaced persons,
and planning for
stranded visitors.

SRFPD There has been no
progress on this project
due to time and budget
limitations.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
river bottoms)
SRFPD-7 Develop record
keeping that
identifies major
events, damage,
and resources.

SRFPD There has been no
progress on this project
due to time and budget
limitations.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
river bottoms)
SRFPD-8 Public Education.

Conduct public
outreach to inform
the public of
hazards,
mitigations, and
response. Promote
and support 72-
hour selfsufficiency and
defensible space
and emergency
access measures.

SRFPD There has been no
progress on this project
due to time and budget
limitations.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
river bottoms)
SRFPD-9 Actively participate
in the plan
maintenance
protocols outlined
in Volume 1 of this
hazard mitigation
plan.

TDN, Del
Norte County
OES
SRFPD participates in all
County- and Tribal- level
planning projects. This is
an ongoing need.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
river bottoms)
SRFPD10Support and
participate in
county-wide
Continuity of
Operations and
Continuity of
Government
planning and
initiatives.

SRFPD SRFPD has participated
in COOP/COG planning
at the County-level. This
is an ongoing and
renewable need.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
DRAFT
river bottoms)

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-24 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in the
2025 HMP?
Yes/ No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
SRFPD11Training of
firefighters for
structural collapse
and landslide
response. This
mitigation will
result in a more
qualified response
when time is of the
essence and
additional
resources are
hours away.

Del Norte
County OES
There has been no
progress on this project
due to time and budget
limitations.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
river bottoms)
SRFPD12Training of
firefighters for
trench rescue
(landslide). This
mitigation will
result in a more
qualified response
when time is of the
essence and
additional
resources are
hours away.

Del Norte
County OES
There has been no
progress on this project
due to time and budget
limitations.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
river bottoms)
SRFPD13Training of
firefighters and
officers in damage
assessment. This
mitigation will
support regional,
state-wide and
federal response
efforts by providing
reliable information
during hazard
events.

Del Norte
County OES
There has been no
progress on this project
due to time and budget
limitations.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
river bottoms)
SRFPD14Develop local
facilities for
storage and
distribution of
emergency
supplies. This
mitigation
addresses the
geographic
isolation of the
district during
hazard events.

SRFPD There has been no
progress on this project
due to time and budget
limitations.

Yes The project description
is unchanged.

Wildfire Event,
Wind Event,
Flooding Event,
(including
Tsunami
inundation of
DRAFT
river bottoms)

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-25 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

10.9.3 Changes in Priorities
• SRFPD1: Seismic retrofit of Station 1 of Smith River Fire Protection District was considered the highest priority in 2021. The district has completed this work since then, so this is no longer a priority for SRFPD.
• SRFPD2: The highest priority for SRFPD in 2025 is ensuring that both Station 1 and Station 2 have emergency power back-up. The district has already experienced extended power outages (Smith River Complex Fire of 2023) which highlight the need to complete this Mitigation Action Item.
• SRFPD4: Mapping of evacuation routes is substantially completed with the installation of the Genesys system (ZoneHaven) by the County of Del Norte. SRFPD participated in this installation.
• SRFPD8: Acquisition of a radio repeater in the Hiouchi area is substantially complete, however moving the repeater to a location with better radio coverage is still a high priority. • SRFPD9: The district has acquired two Type-6 engines (one for each fire station), and one Type-2 engine at the Hiouchi station. The need for a Type-3 engine is substantially reduced by these acquisitions, so the priority of this item is reduced. • All other Mitigation Action Plan items remain a priority for SRFPD.

10.9.4 Proposed Hazard Mitigation Actions for the HMP Update Smith River Fire Protection District participated in the mitigation strategy workshop for this HMP to identify appropriate actions to include in a local hazard mitigation strategy. Its comprehensive consideration of all possible activities to address hazards of concern included review of the following FEMA documents:
• FEMA 551 “Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures” (March 2007) • FEMA “Mitigation Ideas—A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards” (January 2013).

The action worksheets included at the end of this annex list the mitigation actions that Smith River Fire Protection Services District would like to pursue in the future to reduce the effects of hazards. The actions are dependent upon available funding (grants and local match availability) and may be modified or omitted at any time based on the occurrence of new hazard events and changes in District priorities.

Table 10-11 indicates the range of proposed mitigation action categories. The four FEMA mitigation action categories are listed in the table to further demonstrate the wide range of activities and mitigation measures selected.

Volume 1 identifies four evaluation criteria for prioritizing the mitigation actions. To assist with rating each mitigation action as high, medium, or low priority, a numeric rank is assigned for each of the evaluation criteria. Table 10-12 provides a summary of the prioritization of all proposed mitigation actions for the HMP update.

DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-26 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 10-11. Analysis of Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Category Actions That Address the Hazard, by Action Category
Hazard LPR SIP NSP EAP
Drought SRFPD-9, SRFPD-10
Earthquake SRFPD-5, SRFPD-6, SRFPD-7, SRFPD-9,
SRFPD-10
SRFPD-1 SRFPD-8
Excessive Rain SRFPD-7, SRFPD-9, SRFPD-10 SRFPD-1 SRFPD-8 Extreme Heat SRFPD-9, SRFPD-10
Extreme Wind SRFPD-5, SRFPD-7, SRFPD-9, SRFPD-10 SRFPD-1, SRFPD-2 SRFPD-8 Flood SRFPD-5, SRFPD-6, SRFPD-7, SRFPD-9,
SRFPD-10
SRFPD-1, SRFPD-2 SRFPD-8
Landslide SRFPD-5, SRFPD-6, SRFPD-7, SRFPD-9,
SRFPD-10, SRFPD-11
SRFPD-1, SRFPD-2 SRFPD-3, SRFPD-8
Tsunami SRFPD-5, SRFPD-6, SRFPD-7, SRFPD-9,
SRFPD-10
SRFPD-1 SRFPD-8
Wildfire SRFPD-4, SRFPD-5, SRFPD-6, SRFPD-7,
SRFPD-9, SRFPD-11
SRFPD-1, SRFPD-2 SRFPD-3, SRFPD-8
Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)—These actions include government authorities, policies or codes that influence the way land and buildings are being developed and built.

Natural Systems Protection (NSP)—These are actions that minimize damage and losses and preserve or restore the functions of natural systems.

Table 10-12. Summary of Prioritization of Actions
Project Name Cost Benefit Objectives Time Frame Score Priority Public Outreach Low Medium 1 1-5 years 7.077 High
Maintain HMP Low Medium 1 1-5 years 7.077 High
Continuity Planning Low Medium 1 1-5 years 7.077 High
Emergency Generators High High 4 1-5 years 6.308 Medium Station Hardening High High 3 1-5 years 6.231 Medium
Expand Communications Capabilities High High 3 1-5 years 6.231 Medium Training and Recruitment Medium Medium 2 1-5 years 6.154 Medium Map Water Supplies Medium Medium 2 1-5 years 6.154 Medium Isolated Community Plans Medium Medium 1 1-5 years 6.077 Medium Emergency Supplies Medium Medium 1 1-5 years 6.077 Medium Implement CWPP Medium Medium 1 1-5 years 6.077 Medium
Disaster Recordkeeping Medium Low 1 1-5 years 5.077 Medium Note: Volume 1 of the HMP provides
DRAFT
guidance on prioritizing mitigation actions. Low (0-5), Medium (5-7), High (7-9).

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-27 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

10.9.5 Mitigation Strategy
The following pages list the specific plan for each mitigation action, including the agency responsible for implementation, potential funding sources, and expected timeframe for completion.

DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-28 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-1 Emergency Generators
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Building and Safety Hazards of Concern: ☐Drought
☒Earthquake
☐Extreme Heat
☒Excessive Rain
☒Extreme Wind
☒Flood
☒Landslide
☒Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Pacific Power & Light provides electrical service to Del Norte County via two transmission lines that roughly parallel US Hwy 199 from Oregon. These powerlines are in the same transmission corridor and share the same towers.

As such, they are vulnerable to many Hazards of Concern which may interrupt electrical service in the County.

Smith River Fire Protection District (SRFPD) operates two fire stations, serving a combined area of 59 square miles. During power outages, the ability for emergency response from these stations is severely curtailed.

Description of the Solution: Installation of emergency generators at both fire stations will avoid interruptions in emergency response resulting from power outages that are secondary to Earthquake, Excessive Rain, Extreme Wind, Flood, Landslide, Tsunami, or Wildfire.

SRFPD will work with electrical and structural engineers to design emergency generation at both of its stations. SRFPD will work with an engineering firm to calculate Benefit Cost Analysis for the designed project. SRFPD will work with the successful bidder to install the generation system, consistent with Building and Safety guidelines.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: Hazard Mitigation Grants (CalOES), EMPG grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary.

Implementation Timeline: (1-5 years)
Objectives Met: 1,2,4,5
Benefits: To be calculated for projects using BCA tool provided by FEMA. Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Adding emergency generation to fire stations will maintain the ability of these Critical Facilities to serve the community during power outages secondary to the listed Hazards of Concern. This action will increase the resiliency of a critical facility and support the Safety and Security Community Lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: Adding emergency generation to fire stations will maintain emergency response capabilities during power outages secondary to the listed Hazards of Concern.

Climate Change Considerations: System design will use up-to-date technology that minimizes emissions.

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-29 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-2 Station Hardening
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Station 1: The decision was made to move in to an existing building which substantially meets seismic standards, and to perform any necessary improvements to meet “critical facility” standards. Structural improvements to the new building are underway, and it is anticipated that the district will occupy that space in early 2025. HMA grant application was made, but the cost of grant qualification studies outweighed the potential for grant funding for this project.

Station 2: This station is a wood frame building, built in 1985. It is not viewed as a significant seismic risk. In addition, it exists on land that is occupied under a 5-year renewable use permit, which is only renewed in 5-year increments. The BCA to any improvements to this building need to be positive over a 5-year term.

Description of the Solution: Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase or relocation of critical facilities located in high hazard areas, prioritizing those structures that have experienced repetitive losses and/or are located in high or medium ranked hazard. Once the structural work is completed on the new station (renovated building), it is anticipated that other hazard mitigation projects related to the building may need to be undertaken. While the BCA of any improvements on Station 2 are limited by the 5-year use permit, it is expected that some improvement projects may need to be undertaken.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary.

Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will increase the resiliency of a critical facility and support the Safety and Security Community Lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will increase the capabilities of the District’s first responders by ensuring the facility continues to operate during natural hazard events.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority
DRAFT
Medium

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-30 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-3 Training and Recruitment
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: N/A
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Wildland firefighting training is coordinated with other districts in Del Norte County, and with USFS and CalFire. Training is renewed annually, and much more can be done to see improvements. Recruitment programs for wildland firefighters are needed.

Description of the Solution: Enhance first-due wildland fire fighting capability. Coordinate with other agencies and districts to support training and recruitment across the region.

Train firefighters for structural collapse, landslide response, and trench rescue. Train firefighters and officers in damage assessment.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,4
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population. This mitigation will result in a more qualified response when time is of the essence and additional resources are hours away.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will increase the readiness of first responders in the District and across the region, supporting the Safety and Security lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will increase the capabilities of the District’s first responders by training them to respond to a variety of wildfire conditions and will support regional, state-wide and federal response efforts by providing reliable information during hazard events.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☒ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-31 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-4 Map Water Supplies
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Smith River Community Services District, Del Norte County Planning Department
Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☐ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: District staff do not have a map of water storage that may be used for firefighting.

Description of the Solution: Map static water supplies greater than 2,000 gallons to support firefighting operations.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,4
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will support the Safety and Security lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will expand the ability of the District to fight large fires.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-32 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-5 Expand Communications Capabilities
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☒ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Communications equipment does not work during power outages and was not sufficient to handle the 2023 August wildfires without outside support.

Description of the Solution: Support alternative communication facilities at each fire station. Relocate the new repeater to a location with better propagation. Upgrade equipment as communication standards evolve. Provide for emergency generation equipment to maintain communication during the loss of grid power.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds
Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will expand the Communications Lifeline capabilities within the District and County by providing redundant and resilient communications.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will expand the ability of the District to fight large fires.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-33 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-6 Isolated Community Plans
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☒ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: There are very rural areas of the District that may be cut off from the rest of the County during a natural disaster.

Description of the Solution: Develop response plans for events that isolate some or all of the district, especially critical bridge failure or landslide run-out. This will include preplanning scenarios, siting supply caches, preparing housing displaced persons, and planning for stranded visitors.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 2
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will expand the Safety and Security Lifeline capabilities.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will enhance the District’s ability to support rural and isolated communities during natural hazard events.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-34 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-7 Disaster Recordkeeping
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☒ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District does not have a comprehensive record of prior disasters, the level of damage experienced, and the costs associated with the incident.

Description of the Solution: Develop record keeping that identifies major events, damage, and resources.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 5
Benefits: Long-term benefits of the action are difficult to quantify in the short term.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will support the Safety and Security lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will support grant applications and provide a comprehensive history of disasters in the District.

Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-35 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-8 Public Outreach
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☒ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: During the August 2023 wildfires, residents within the District were unprepared for the wildfire response.

Description of the Solution: Conduct public outreach to inform the public of hazards, mitigations, and response. Promote and support 72-hour self-sufficiency and defensible space and emergency access measures.

Estimated Cost: Low
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 3
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will support the Safety and Security lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: This action will foster community resilience.

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-36 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-9 Maintain HMP
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☒ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☒ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☒ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District must stay engaged in the Hazard Mitigation Plan annual maintenance cycle.

Description of the Solution: Actively participate in the plan maintenance protocols outlined in Volume 1 of this hazard mitigation plan.

Estimated Cost: Low
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will support the Safety and Security lifeline.

Impact on Capabilities: N/A
Climate Change Considerations: N/A
Mitigation Category ☒ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☐ Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority High
DRAFT

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-37 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-10 Continuity Planning
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☒ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☒ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☒ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District must stay engaged in County continuity planning initiatives.

Description of the Solution: Support and participate in county-wide Continuity of Operations and Continuity of Government planning and initiatives.

Estimated Cost: Low
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will support the Safety and Security lifeline.

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-38 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-11 Emergency Supplies
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: During the August 2023 wildfires, the area needed significant support to obtain emergency supplies.

Description of the Solution: Develop local facilities for storage and distribution of emergency supplies.

This mitigation addresses the geographic isolation of the district during hazard events.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will support the Safety and Security lifeline.

10. Smith River Fire Protection District
10-39 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRFPD-12 Implement CWPP
Lead Agency: Smith River Fire Protection District
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☐ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The Smith River Fire Protection District is a participant of the Del Norte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. Wildfire capabilities, assets, and gaps are listed in the plan.

Description of the Solution: Implement the Smith River Action Plan of the Del Norte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan, including but not limited to generators, retrofitting, firefighting equipment, training, evacuation routes, defensible space, and hazard signage.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, FEMA Emergency Management Performance Grant, district reserve funds as matching funds if necessary, staff time, general funds, CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grant Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1
Benefits: Action will provide a long-term reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

SRFPD serves a significant elderly population, many with medical issues, as well as a significant non-English speaking population.

Impact on Future Development: N/A
Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

This action will support the Safety and Security lifeline.

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-1 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

11. SMITH RIVER COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT
This jurisdictional annex to the Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) provides information to assist public and private sectors in the Smith River Community Service District with reducing losses from future hazard events. This annex is not guidance of what to do when a disaster occurs; its focus is on actions that can be implemented prior to a disaster to reduce or eliminate damage to property and people. The annex presents a general overview of Smith River Community Service District, describes who participated in the planning process, assesses Smith River Community Service District’s risk, vulnerability, and capabilities, and outlines a strategy for achieving a more resilient community.

11.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING TEAM
The Smith River Community Service District identified primary and alternate HMP points of contact and developed this plan over the course of several months. Jeffrey Beard represented the community on the Del Norte County HMP Planning Partnership and Steering Committee and supported the local planning process by securing input from persons with specific knowledge to enhance the plan. All departments were asked to contribute to the annex development through reviewing and contributing to the capability assessment, reporting on the status of previously identified actions, and participating in action identification and prioritization.

Table 11-1 summarizes District officials who participated in the development of the annex and in what capacity. Additional documentation of the District’s planning activities through Planning Partnership meetings is included in Volume 1.

Table 11-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team
Primary Point of Contact Alternate Point of Contact
Name/Title: Jeffrey Beard, General Manager
Address: 241 W First Street, Smith River CA 95567
Phone Number: (707) 487-5381
Email: [email protected]
Name/Title: LeeAnn Burcham, Office Manager
Address: 241 First Street Smith River, CA 95567
Phone Number: 707-487-5381
Email: [email protected]

11.2 COMMUNITY PROFILE
The Smith River Community Services District (SRCSD) was formed by Resolution of the Del Norte County Board of Supervisors on June 22, 1970 following an election on June 16, 1970. The special district was formed to provide potable water to district residents, although the organizing documents allow the District to expand its services to other areas as allowed by government code. On January 9, 1989, the SRCSD passed Resolution 89-1, Resolution of Intent to Establish Street Lighting Zone Within a Portion of the Smith River Community Services District, which allowed the SRCSD to provide street lighting services, primarily in the town of Smith River, California.

The SRCSD is governed by a five-member elected Board of Directors, which assumes responsibility for the adoption of this plan and will oversee its implementation. The SRCSD provides water service to approximately 600 connections, with an additional 150 standby customers who do not currently receive DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-2 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
water service. The SRCSD provides street lighting services to approximately 200 residents within the boundary of the street lighting zone. The SRCSD also owns the Smith River Community Hall, which houses the district offices and is available for private rental by District residents or for public events.

The SRCSD receives funds through user fees, revenue from the sale of water, property tax revenue, county share income and facility rental of the community hall. The SRCSD maintains three distinct budget units for water services, streetlights and the community hall.

1.1.1 Service Area and Trends
The Smith River CSD estimates a District population of approximately 2,568. The District will likely continue to grow at or less than the current county-wide growth rate of 0.1 percent per year, putting the District population at approximately 2600 in 2030.

Smith River CSD provides domestic water service to approximately 650 active connections as well as street lighting to a population of approximately 3,000 people in the unincorporated community of Smith River. Opportunities for growth exist, but constraints such as flood plains and hillsides are growth barriers. Some tribal related growth is anticipated is anticipated.

The SRCSD is included in both the County of Del Norte General Plan and the Smith River Rancheria Tribal area plan. Both plans anticipate residential and non-residential Visitor-Serving Commercial growth in the SRCSD service area. Such growth would cause an increase in the number of housing units within the service area, as well as an increase in commercial facilities, thus requiring an expansion of the district’s service delivery system. It is anticipated that additional areas of development may wish to annex to the SRCSD. Such annexation would represent an increase in the size and value of the district’s service area and an increase in the number of users. This type of growth would also require an expansion of the district’s delivery system.

11.3 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to the public that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. Del Norte County is sparsely populated with the majority of government and private services available in Crescent City, including grocery stores, hardware stores, and restaurants. The County posted information about the HMP update on the County Facebook page and on the OES website. Flyers advertising the HMP update were canvassed across Crescent City. The public was invited to participate in the planning process by responding to the public survey, attending a virtual Steering Committee meeting, attending an in-person meeting, and reviewing the draft plan.

In addition to that work, the District partnered with the Smith River Fire Protection District and the County to post information about the HMP update in the few public services available in Smith River, including the United Indian Health Services Office and the local laundromat. Figure 11-1 shows selected outreach efforts and Appendix A includes all outreach efforts.

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-3 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 11-1. Public Outreach by Smith River Community Services District DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-4 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

11.3.1 Public Feedback Integration
Of the 196 responses to the public survey, seven respondents reported that they received services from the District. These seven respondents were extremely or very concerned about earthquakes, excessive rain, extreme wind, flooding, landslides, tsunamis, and wildfires. They reported receiving emergency information through mass notifications, government websites and newsletters, public meetings, and local media outlets. They expressed concern about natural hazards causing power outages and cell service disruption. The mitigation strategy was prioritized with these concerns and community limitations in mind.

11.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Volume 1 of this HMP describes the outreach to stakeholders that was undertaken on behalf of all participating jurisdictions to prepare this HMP update. In addition to that work, the District invited relevant stakeholders to participate in the planning process. The following organizations were invited to participate by attending a Steering Committee meeting, responding to the stakeholder survey, contributing information and expertise to the plan, and reviewing the draft plan.

11.4.1 Local and Regional Agencies Involved in Hazard Mitigation Activities • Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission
• Del Norte County Office of Emergency Services
• California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
• USDA Rural Development
• Rural Community Assistance Corporation
• Smith River Fire Protection District

11.4.2 Agencies that Have the Authority to Regulate Development • Del Norte County Planning Division

11.4.3 Neighboring Communities
• Big Rock Community Services District
• Gasquet Community Services District
• HRC Community Services District
• Klamath Community Services District

11.4.4 Representatives of Business, Academia, and Other Private Organizations
• Smith River School (School District)
• Tolowa Dee
DRAFT -ni’ Nation

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-5 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

11.4.5 Nonprofit Organizations and Community-Based Organizations • American Red Cross

11.5 JURISDICTIONAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT AND INTEGRATION Smith River Community Service District performed an inventory and analysis of existing capabilities, plans, programs, and policies that enhance its ability to implement mitigation strategies. Volume 1 describes the components included in the capability assessment and their significance for hazard mitigation planning. The jurisdictional assessment for this annex includes analyses of the following:
• Planning and regulatory capabilities
• Administrative and technical capabilities
• Fiscal capabilities
• Education and outreach capabilities
• Adaptive capacity to withstand hazard events
For a community to succeed in reducing long-term risk, hazard mitigation must be integrated into dayto-day local government operations. As part of the hazard mitigation analysis, planning and /policy documents were reviewed and each jurisdiction was surveyed to obtain a better understanding of their progress toward plan integration. Development of an updated mitigation strategy provided an opportunity for Smith River Community Service District to identify opportunities for integrating mitigation concepts into ongoing District procedures.

11.5.1 Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration As a special district in Del Norte County, the District follow County ordinances, codes, and regulations.

Table 11-2 summarizes the planning and regulatory tools specific to Smith River CSD.

11.5.2 Building Codes, Land Use, and Development
Smith River Community Services District is a special district located in unincorporated Del Norte County. The District is subject to the Del Norte County and State of California building codes and land use regulations. The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, building code, land use, and development capabilities are not applicable to the District.

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-6 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 11-2. Planning and Regulatory Capability and Integration Jurisdictio
n has this?
Citation and Date (code
chapter or name of plan,
date of enactment or plan
adoption)
Authority
(local, county,
state, federal)
Responsible Person,
Department or
Agency
Codes, Ordinances, & Regulations
Code/Ordinance/Resolution Yes Resolution June 22, 1970; Resolution 89-1
County Del Norte County
Board of Supervisors
Resolution allows special district to be formed to supply potable water to district residents and street lighting services.

Planning Documents
Municipal Service Review Yes Smith River Community
Services District Municipal
Service Review and Sphere
of Influence Update,
September 2024
District Smith River
Community Services
District
This Municipal Service Review and Sphere of Influence Update provides information about the services and boundaries of the Smith River Community Services District. The report is for use by the Del Norte Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) in conducting a statutorily required review and update process. This report provides LAFCo with a tool to study current and future public service conditions comprehensively and to evaluate organizational options for accommodating growth, preventing urban sprawl, and ensuring that critical services are provided efficiently. The report references the HMP when discussing the District’s infrastructure at risk of seismic activity.

11.5.3 Administrative and Technical Capability
Table 11-3 summarizes potential staff and personnel resources available to Smith River Community Service District and their current responsibilities that contribute to hazard mitigation.

11.5.4 Fiscal Capability
Table 11-4 summarizes financial resources available to Smith River Community Service District.

11.5.5 Education and Outreach Capability
Table 11-5 summarizes the education and outreach resources available to Smith River Community Service District.

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-7 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 11-3. Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Resources Available? Comment
Administrative Capability
Maintenance programs to reduce risk (stormwater
maintenance, tree trimming, etc.)
No
Mutual aid agreements No
Human Resources Manual - Do any job descriptions
specifically include identifying or implementing mitigation projects or other efforts to reduce natural hazard risk? No
Technical/Staffing Capability
Planners or engineers with knowledge of land
development and land management practices
Yes Engineer/GHD/PE, contract support
Engineers or professionals trained in building or
infrastructure construction practices
Yes Engineer/GHD/PE, contract support
Planners or engineers with an understanding of natural
hazards
Yes Engineer/GHD/PE, contract support
Staff with expertise or training in benefit/cost analysis Yes GHD, contract support Personnel skilled or trained in GIS and/or Hazus
applications
Yes GHD, contract support
Environmental scientists familiar with natural hazards Yes GHD, contract support Surveyors Yes GHD, contract support
Emergency manager No
Grant writers Yes GHD, contract support
Consider the following:

Are data and maps from the HMP used to
support documentation in grant applications?
Table 11-4. Fiscal Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible or Eligible to Use?
Capital improvement project funding Yes
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes No
User fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric service Yes (Water, Street Lights) Impact fees for homebuyers or developers of new development/homes Yes Incur debt through general obligation bonds Yes
Incur debt through special tax bonds No
Incur debt through private activity bonds No
Other federal or state funding programs Yes
Other (for example, Clean Water Act 319 Grants [Nonpoint Source Pollution]) DRAFT
Revenue from facility rental

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-8 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 11-5. Education and Outreach Capabilities
Outreach Resources Available? Comment
Public information officer or communications office Yes Personnel skilled or trained in website development No
Hazard mitigation information available on your website No Social media for hazard mitigation education and outreach No Citizen boards or commissions that address issues related to hazard mitigation No Warning systems for hazard events No
Organizations that conduct outreach to socially vulnerable populations and underserved populations
Yes
Public outreach mechanisms / programs to inform citizens on natural hazards, risk, and ways to protect themselves during such events
No

11.5.6 Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive capacity is defined as “the ability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or respond to consequences” (IPCC 2022). Each jurisdiction has a unique combination of capabilities to adjust to, protect from, and withstand a future hazard event, future conditions, and changing risk. Table 11-6 summarizes the adaptive capacity for each identified hazard of concern and the District’s capability to address related actions using the following classifications:
• Strong adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does have the capability to effectively respond, plans/policies exceed minimum requirements; deployable resources all of which decreases vulnerability.
• Moderate adaptive capacity means minimum requirements are in place; moderate capabilities; mitigation measures are identified but not implemented widespread; jurisdiction can recover but needs outside resources.
• Weak adaptive capacity means the jurisdiction does not have the capability to effectively respond, which leads to an increase in vulnerability. Examples include weak/outdated/inconsistent plans, policies, codes/ordinances in place; no redundancies; limited to no deployable resources; limited capabilities to respond; long recovery.

Table 11-6. Adaptive Capacity
Hazard Adaptive Capacity - Strong/Moderate/Weak
Drought Weak
Extreme Heat Weak
Extreme Wind Weak
Excessive Rain Weak
Earthquake Weak
Flood Weak
Landslide Weak
Tsunami Weak
Wildfire
DRAFT
Weak

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-9 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

11.6 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM COMPLIANCE
Smith River Community Services District is a special district for unincorporated Del Norte County. The District does not participate in the NFIP directly. Therefore, all structures located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County assessment of NFIP-insured structures with repetitive loss. This information can be found in Section 2.6.

11.7 JURISDICTIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 provide detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards, including summaries of Smith River Community Service District’s risk assessment results and data used to determine the hazard ranking. Key local risk assessment information is presented below.

11.7.1 Hazard Area
Hazard area maps provided below illustrate the probable hazard areas impacted within the District are shown in Figure 11-2 and Figure 11-3. These maps are based on the best available data at the time of the preparation of this plan and are adequate for planning purposes. Maps are provided only for hazards that can be identified clearly using mapping techniques and technologies and for which Smith River Community Service District has significant exposure.

11.7.2 Hazard Event History
The history of natural and non-natural hazard events in Smith River Community Service District is detailed in Volume 1, where each hazard profile includes a chronology of historical events that have affected the County and its municipalities. Table 11-7 provides details on loss and damage in Smith River Community Service District during hazard events since the last hazard mitigation plan update.

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-10 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 11-2. Smith River Community Service District Flood, Tsunami, and NEHRP Soil Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-11 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure 11-3. Smith River Community Service District Wildfire and Landslide Hazard Area Extent and Location DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-12 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 11-7. Hazard Event History in Smith River Community Service District Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated
? Summary of Event
Summary of
Damage and
Losses in Smith
River Community
Services District
February 24
to March 1,
2019
Severe Storm
DR-4434-CA
Yes, Federal An atmospheric river spread across northern California and produced heavy rain that led to
localized flooding. Impacts included flooding
on Highway 199 along the west shoulder and
northbound lane.

None
January 20,
2020 to May
11, 2023
Pandemic (COVID19)
DR-4482-CA
EM-3428-CA
Yes, Federal The first confirmed case in California was reported on January 25, 2020. Del Norte
County experienced surges in COVID-19
cases in December 2020, August to
September 2021, January to February 2022,
and July 2022. Overall, Del Norte reported
8,005 confirmed cases and 62 fatalities
between 2020 and 2023.

None
September 4
to November
17, 2020
Wildfire
DR-4569-CA
CA20-3
Yes, State
and Federal
Record-breaking hot temperatures
exacerbated existing fire conditions, leading
to drier conditions and allowing wind to
facilitate the rapid spread of new fires. One
complex, the Slater Fire, spread into Del
Norte County and caused damage to
roadways.

None
November 7,
2022
Hail No Traffic crash due to hail covered roads. No
injuries.

None
December 9
to 10, 2022
High Wind No Tree fell on vehicle causing crash. Power
lines down across Highway 197 and 199 due
to high wind gusts.

None
December
27, 2022 to
January 31,
2023
Flood
DR-4683-CA
CA23-1
Yes, State
and Federal
Atmospheric river led to multiple heavy
rainstorms and strong winds in late December
and January. Strong wind caused multiple
trees to fall, leading to blockages on
Highways 101, 197, and 199, and Parkway
Drive. Downed power lines caused multiple
fires. Over 10,000 customers without power in
and around Crescent City due to strong
winds.

None
February 21
to July 10,
2023
Severe Storm,
Flood
DR-4699-CA
CA23-3
Yes, State
and Federal
Severe storms and high winds led to
mudslides and landslides. Downed trees
blocked portions of Highway 199.

None
DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-13 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Dates of
Event
Event Type
(Disaster
Declaration)
County
Designated
? Summary of Event
Summary of
Damage and
Losses in Smith
River Community
Services District
August 15,
2023
Wildfire
CA23-5
Yes, State Dry thunderstorms produced numerous
lightning strikes across the Six Rivers
National Forest. Twenty-seven fires
developed within the Gasquet Ranger District
and grew in size rapidly in the first couple of
weeks of the fire, jumping Highway 199
causing a 3-week closure and resulting in the
evacuation of the town of Gasquet. The fire
also destroyed the high-tension powerlines
powering all of Del Norte County. The County
was completely without power through August
25 when generators were installed to power
the community. Main transmission lines were
not repaired until September 10 when full
power was restored. The fire continued to
burn through September into October with
fewer impacts to the community with a total of
95,000 acres burned plus 2 residences and 3
minor structures destroyed.

Power shut off for a
week. Worked 24/7
to keep an eye on
everything to make
sure tanks
functioned. Had to
supply water to fire
fighters. Increased
diesel costs to run
generators.

Widespread creek flooding occurred in Del
Norte and Humboldt with multiple homes
damaged or destroyed.

None
March 1 to 6,
2024
High Wind, Heavy
Rain, Debris Flow
No A hailstorm produced significant rainfall,
causing downed trees and landslides that
block Highways 101 and 199 near Crescent
City and Gasquet.

None
March 23 to
24, 2024
High Wind, Heavy
Rain
No Rainfall and strong winds led to multiple
instances of landslides. The storm downed a
tree on Highway 199.

None
EM = FEMA Emergency Declaration; DR = FEMA Major Disaster Declaration

11.7.3 Hazard Ranking
The hazard profiles in Volume 1 have detailed information regarding each planning partner’s vulnerability to the identified hazards. The following presents key risk assessment results for Smith River Community Service District.

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-14 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
changing future climate conditions. Smith River Community Service District reviewed the County hazard ranking and individual results to assess the relative risk of the hazards of concern to the community. During the review of the hazard ranking, the District indicated the following:
• A large aquifer supply and consistent rainfall results in drought being less of a concern for the Smith River CSD than all other areas of the state.
• The coastal areas of Del Norte County maintain consistent temperatures year round and extreme heat events are almost non-existent in the Smith River CSD jurisdiction. • Water tanks are the critical infrastructure that allows Smith River CSD to supply customers and those tanks are particularly at risk from high winds and earthquake. • Excessive rain or flood have not historically impacted the jurisdiction, but an extreme event could create conditions that impact Smith River CSD’s ability to provide water to its customers. • Considering the remote locations of the water tanks, a landslide could cut off access to a tank and the CSD does not have the capability to control the tanks remotely.

Table 11-8 shows Smith River Community Service District’s final hazard rankings for identified hazards of concern. Mitigation action development uses the ranking to target hazards with the highest risk.

Table 11-8. Hazard Ranking
Hazard Rank
Drought Low
Extreme Heat Low
Extreme Wind High
Excessive Rain Medium
Earthquake High
Flood Medium
Landslide Medium
Tsunami Low
Wildfire High
Note: The scale is based on the hazard rankings established in Volume 1, modified as appropriate based on review by the jurisdiction

11.7.4 Identified Issues
Volume 1 of this hazard mitigation plan provides complete risk assessments for each identified hazard of concern. This section provides information on a few key vulnerabilities for the jurisdiction. The following issues have been identified based on a review of the results of the risk assessment, public involvement strategy, and other available resources:
• Earthquake
• The SRCSD Shop is located on Class D soils, which may be prone to liquefaction. Service provision may be disrupted due to a water main breaks resulting from an earthquake.

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-15 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
• The District’s eight water storage tanks should be evaluated for seismic resilience, as most were not Constructed under the current seismic code, and the tanks may need retrofits or replacement.
• Extreme Wind
• The SRCSD water tanks are located in remote locations and much of the water infrastructure must be controlled manually on-site. As a result, downed trees and branches from extreme wind has the potential to damage infrastructure or block access, resulting in a stoppage of water services to County and Tribal customers. • Landslide
• The Spyglass water pumping station and water storage tank are located in very high/existing landslide hazard areas.

Mitigation actions addressing these issues were prioritized for consideration in the action plan presented in the following section.

11.8 CONDITIONS THAT MAY IMPACT RISK

11.8.1 Population Pattern Trends
The Smith River CSD estimates a District population of approximately 2,568. The District will likely continue to grow at or less than the current county-wide growth rate of 0.1 percent per year, putting the District population at approximately 2,600 in 2030. Smith River CSD provides domestic water service to approximately 650 active connections as well as street lighting to a population of approximately 3,000 people in the unincorporated community of Smith River.

11.8.2 Changes in Land Use and Development
The area serviced by the Smith River CSD is primarily agricultural, commercial timber production lands, recreation areas, and residential developments. There are areas of light industrial and commercial areas, most of which are vacant. Opportunities for growth exist, but physical hazards and constraints such as flood plains and hillsides are barriers to growth.

The District does not permit or regulate development. Development permits within the District’s jurisdiction are issued through Del Norte County. Therefore, changes in development that have occurred in hazard-prone areas located within the District’s jurisdiction were included in the Del Norte County Growth/Development Trends. This information can be found in Section 2.8.2.

11.9 MITIGATION STRATEGY AND PRIORITIZATION
This section discusses the status of mitigation actions from the previous HMP, describes proposed hazard mitigation
DRAFT
actions, and prioritizes actions to address over the next five years.

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-16 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

11.9.1 Past Mitigation Action Status
Table 11-9 indicates progress on the District’s mitigation strategy identified in the 2019 HMP. Actions that are still recommended but not completed or that are in progress are carried forward and combined with new actions as part of the mitigation strategy for this plan update. Previous actions that are now ongoing programs and capabilities are indicated as such and are presented in the capability assessment earlier in this annex.

Table 11-9. Status of Previous Mitigation Actions
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in
the 2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
SRCSD-1 Where appropriate, support
retro-fitting, purchase or
relocation of structures
located in high hazard
areas, prioritizing those
structures that have
experienced repetitive
losses and/or are located in
high or medium ranked
hazard, including but not
limited to vulnerable pipe
and other water
treatment/delivery
infrastructure.

SRCSD No Progress,
funding needed
yes Problem is
infrastructure
vulnerability to
earthquakes, floods,
wildfire, and severe
storms
Multi-Hazard
SRCSD-2 Actively participate in the
plan maintenance protocols
outlined in Volume 1 of this
hazard mitigation plan.

SRCSD Ongoing Capability yes Problem to be
addressed is need
for community
coordination and
understanding of
hazards.

Multi-Hazard
SRCSD-3 Purchase generators for
critical facilities and
infrastructure that lack
adequate back-up power.

Also consider the use of
wind/solar generation
facilities.

SRCSD Project has been
completed.

No
SRCSD-4 Replace wooden tanks with
larger, stronger metal
tanks, secure foundations,
install additional hydrants.

SRCSD No Progress,
funding needed
yes Problem is
infrastructure
vulnerability to
earthquakes, floods,
wildfire, and severe
storms
Multi-Hazard
SRCSD-5 Develop secondary water
sources and infrastructure
outside of hazard zones;
improve filtration system to
respond to increased
turbidity caused by
flooding.

SRCSD No Progress,
funding needed
yes Problem is
infrastructure
vulnerability to
earthquakes, floods,
wildfire, and severe
storms
DRAFT
Multi-Hazard

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11-17 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Project #
Project
Responsible
Party Status
If incomplete, should action be included in
the 2025 HMP?
Yes/
No
If yes, describe
original problem and
any action updates
needed
Hazards of
Concern
addressed
SRCSD-6 New Radio Read Water
Meters for the ability to
track differential pressure in
case of mainline breaks
throughout the system
which would indicate a leak
thereby accelerating the
process of repair.

SRCSD Radio Read Meters
being installed.

Funding is through
District CIP funds.

Project is
approximately 30%
complete. District is
replacing
approximately 100
meters per year,
with another 3 to 4
years to complete
the replacements.
yes Problem is
infrastructure
vulnerability to
earthquakes, floods,
wildfire, and severe
storms
Multi-Hazard
SRCSD-7 Upgrade the existing
SCADA system
SRCSD No Progress,
funding needed
yes Problem is
infrastructure
vulnerability to
earthquakes, floods,
wildfire, and severe
storms
Multi-Hazard
SRCSD-8 Install a complete
emergency
communications system
along with a 70’-0” antenna
tower for emergency HF/
VHF / UHF and simplex
communications. The tower
will feature a microwave
antenna to perform SCADA
operations.

SRCSD No Progress,
funding needed
Yes Problem is
community
vulnerability to
earthquakes, floods,
wildfire, and severe
storms with inability
to contact outside
support
Multi-Hazard

11.9.2 Additional Mitigation Efforts
In addition to the mitigation actions completed in Table 11-9, Smith River Community Service District identified the following mitigation efforts completed since the last HMP:
• Started the grant applications for a HMP to replace all 8 of the District water storage tanks • Received grant funding for emergency backup power
• Installed one stationary generator for running the District well field and 2 mobile generators to run the District pump stations

11.9.3 Changes in Priorities
There have been no changes in priorities for Smith River Community Services District since the 2019 HMP update.

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-18 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan

11.9.4 Hazards Not Included in District Mitigation Strategy The Smith River Community Services District is a very small water utility district and does not have the capacity to design an all-hazards mitigation program. The District chose four targeted projects that will enhance the overall resilience of their water infrastructure to their hazards of greatest concern.

The District did not include actions for drought, extreme heat, or tsunami. The Smith River provides a consistent water supply and even when drought conditions exist elsewhere in the County, the water supply has not come close to impacting operations of the District. Extreme heat does not occur in the Smith River area in temperatures that would impact the water operations. Finally, the District’s infrastructure is located outside of the tsunami hazard area.

11.9.5 Proposed Hazard Mitigation Actions for the HMP Update Smith River Community Service District participated in the mitigation strategy workshop for this HMP to identify appropriate actions to include in a local hazard mitigation strategy. Its comprehensive consideration of all possible activities to address hazards of concern included review of the following FEMA documents:
• FEMA 551 “Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures” (March 2007) • FEMA “Mitigation Ideas—A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards” (January 2013) The action worksheets included at the end of this annex list the mitigation actions that Smith River Community Service District would like to pursue in the future to reduce the effects of hazards. The actions are dependent upon available funding (grants and local match availability) and may be modified or omitted at any time based on the occurrence of new hazard events and changes in District priorities.

Table 11-10 indicates the range of proposed mitigation action categories. The four FEMA mitigation action categories are listed in the table to further demonstrate the wide range of activities and mitigation measures selected.

Volume 1 identifies four evaluation criteria for prioritizing the mitigation actions. To assist with rating each mitigation action as high, medium, or low priority, a numeric rank is assigned for each of the evaluation criteria. Table 11-11 provides a summary of the prioritization of all proposed mitigation actions for the HMP update.

11.9.6 Mitigation Strategy
The following pages list the specific plan for each mitigation action, including the agency responsible for implementation, potential funding sources, and expected timeframe for completion.

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-19 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
Table 11-10. Analysis of Mitigation Actions by Hazard and Category Actions That Address the Hazard, by Action Category
Hazard LPR SIP NSP EAP
Earthquake SRCSD-1, SRCSD-2, SRCSD-4
Excessive Rain SRCSD-4
Extreme Wind SRCSD-1, SRCSD-4
Flood SRCSD-4 SRCSD-3
Landslide SRCSD-2, SRCSD-4
Wildfire SRCSD-1, SRCSD-2, SRCSD-4
Local Plans and Regulations (LPR)—These actions include government authorities, policies or codes that influence the way land and buildings are being developed and built.

Natural Systems Protection (NSP)—These are actions that minimize damage and losses and preserve or restore the functions of natural systems.

Table 11-11. Summary of Prioritization of Actions
Project Name Cost Benefit Objectives Time Frame Score Priority Increase SCADA Capacity Medium High 3 1-5 years 7.6 High Retrofit Facilities High High 4 1-10 years 5.8 Medium
Steel Tanks High High 3 1-10 years 5.6 Medium
Secondary Water Sources High High 3 1-10 years 5.6 Medium Note: Volume 1 of the HMP provides guidance on prioritizing mitigation actions. Low (0-5), Medium (5-7), High (7-9).

DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-20 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRCSD-1 Increase SCADA Capacity
Lead Agency: Smith River CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County, State Water Resources Control Board Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☒ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Currently, they only see main tanks and wells. Sub-developments, pump stations and tanks are not visible unless you go on-site and they have no remote control capabilities. If access to infrastructure is cut off from downed trees, landslides, or other hazards, the District cannot control the infrastructure. Last July the Rowdy Creek fish hatchery project hit a waterline and dameged10 feet. Del Norte County loaned the District a generator to keep water services on. The incident led to major water loss.

Description of the Solution: Increase the capacity and level of protection provided by the SCADA system.

Install a complete emergency communications system along with a 70’-0” antenna tower for emergency HF/ VHF / UHF and simplex communications.

The tower will feature a microwave antenna to perform SCADA operations.

Estimated Cost: Medium
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-5 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: District would have full control of the water system and the ability to control water resources when access to sites is blocked. Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Increases the resiliency and redundancy of the water supply in the area for Del Norte and Tribal residents.

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-21 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRCSD-2 Retrofit Facilities
Lead Agency: Smith River CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County, State Water Resources Control Board Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☒ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: The District’s water tank, water lines, and other infrastructure are not mitigated against earthquakes and are located in areas at risk from landslides and wildfires.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-10 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4,5
Benefits: Increase the capacity and resilience of the District’s water system to ensure residents have access to clean drinking water when hazard events occur.

Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Increases the resiliency and redundancy of the water supply in the area for Del Norte and Tribal residents.

Impact on Capabilities:

Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-22 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRCSD-3 Steel Tanks
Lead Agency: Smith River CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County, State Water Resources Control Board Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☒ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☒ Extreme Wind
☐ Flood
☐ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☒ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Vulnerable redwood tanks in heavily wooded areas and no seismic protection Description of the Solution: Replace all 8 tanks with new steel tanks and clear defensible area around tanks sites
Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-10 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: Protected water supply that feeds the entire Smith River CSD. Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: Added capacity will allow for future developments in Smith River Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Existing tanks are anywhere from 30-50 years old and at the end of their lifecycle
Impact on Capabilities: If tanks receive damage we will not be able to supply water to the community Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☐ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

11. Smith River Community Services District
11-23 2025 Del Norte County Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRCSD-4 Secondary Water Sources
Lead Agency: Smith River CSD
Supporting Agencies: Del Norte County, State Water Resources Control Board Hazards of Concern: ☐ Drought
☐ Earthquake
☐ Extreme Heat
☐ Excessive Rain
☐ Extreme Wind
☒ Flood
☐ Landslide
☐ Tsunami
☐ Wildfire
Description of the Problem: Existing water system does not have a filtration system. High turbidity prevents water treatments from cleaning water to ensure acceptable drinking standards are met.

Description of the Solution: Develop secondary water sources and infrastructure outside of hazard zones; improve filtration system to respond to increased turbidity caused by flooding.

Estimated Cost: High
Potential Funding Sources: FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs Implementation Timeline: 1-10 years
Objectives Met: 1,2,4
Benefits: Mitigates high water flows in Rowdy Creek, decrease E. Coli contamination.

Action will provide an immediate reduction of risk for life and property.

Impact on Socially Vulnerable
Populations:

N/A
Impact on Future Development: New housing cannot be built in the area without expanding the capacity of the existing water system.

Impact on Critical
Facilities/Lifelines:

Increases the resiliency and redundancy of the water supply in the area for Del Norte and Tribal residents.

Impact on Capabilities: N/A
Mitigation Category ☐ Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) ☒Structure and Infrastructure Project
(SIP)
☒ Natural Systems Protection (NSP)
☐ Education and Awareness
Programs (EAP)
Priority Medium
DRAFT

APPENDIX E
CRESCENT CITY MUNICIPAL CODE SECTION 13.17
DRAFT
CHAPTER 13.17

WATER CONSERVATION
§ 13.17.010. Purpose and authority.

This chapter is intended to equitably allocate the water available to Crescent City during a drought emergency to the end that sufficient water will be available for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. The specific uses regulated or prohibited in this chapter are nonessential, if allowed would constitute wastage of water, and should be prohibited pursuant to Water Code Section 350 et seq., Water Code Section 71640 et seq., and the common law.
(Ord. 702, 2004; Ord. 788 § 5.1, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.015. Promulgation of rules, regulations and rates.

The city council has adopted a water shortage contingency plan. The council reserves the right and power to amend or modify the water shortage contingency plan from time to time by resolution, and may likewise by resolution, establish and modify the penalties for violation of any provision of this chapter.
(Ord. 788 § 5.2, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.020. Declaration of water shortage emergency.

The provisions of this chapter take effect whenever the city manager, upon an engineering analysis of city water supplies, or due to state regulatory requirements, notices, or orders, finds and determines that a water shortage emergency exists or is imminent within the Crescent City water service area and a declaration of a water shortage emergency is made by a resolution of the city council. The regulations authorized under this chapter will remain in effect for the duration of the water shortage as set forth in the resolution. The city manager is authorized to go directly to any conservation stage necessary depending on the drought conditions or water shortage.

The city manager is further authorized to act as quickly as needed to move through the conservation stages, depending on the drought conditions or water shortage. (Ord. 702, 2004; Ord. 788 § 5.3, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.022. Definitions.

For the purpose of this chapter, the following definitions apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.
""City" means Crescent City, California.
"Council" means the elected council of the city.
"Customer" means any person using water supplied by the city. "Nonessential use" means any use not required for human consumption, sanitation, or fire protection.
"Nonessential user" means any user other than a domestic residential customer or facility providing for health and safety.

Crescent City, CA
§ 13.17.010 § 13.17.022
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"Outdoor surface" means any patio, porch, veranda, driveway, or sidewalk. "Person" means any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation, company, or organization of any kind.
"Water" means potable water provided by the city through its distribution system. (Ord. 788 § 5.4, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.024. Application.

The provisions of this chapter apply to all city water customers both inside and outside the city limits.
(Ord. 788 § 5.5, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.026. Determination of stage of action necessary.

Upon the declaration of a water shortage emergency by the city council, the city manager shall determine the appropriate conservation stage of the city's water shortage contingency plan to be implemented. The city manager's decision must be based upon reliable information, such an engineering analysis of city water supplies, or upon state regulatory requirements, notices, or orders. The regulations set forth in the city's water shortage contingency plan will remain in effect for the duration of the water shortage as set forth in the resolution. The city manager may go directly to any conservation stage, and change the conservation stage when necessary, as indicated by the drought conditions or water shortage.
(Ord. 788 § 5.6, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.028. Water waste prohibited.

No water furnished by the city may be wasted. Waste of water includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(Ord. 788 § 5.7, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.030. Prohibitions of nonessential water uses.

No water furnished by the city may be used for any purpose declared to be nonessential as determined by the city council in accordance with the water shortage contingency plan for the Crescent City Service Area, as amended from time to time. (Ord. 702, 2004; Ord. 788 § 5.8, 8-3-2015)
a. Permitting water to escape (run to waste) down a gutter, ditch, surface drain, or otherwise;
b. Failure to repair a controllable leak of water; and
c. Failure to put to reasonable beneficial use any water withdrawn from the city's system.

Crescent City, CA
§ 13.17.022 § 13.17.035
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§ 13.17.035. Limits on individual consumption.

The city manager may limit the amount of water delivered to customers, whenever the city manager determines the water available to Crescent City is insufficient to meet the demands of customers of the city and that all water available to said city should be used solely for human consumption, sanitation and fire protection. The city manager may order limits be imposed on individual consumption as determined and specified by resolution of the city council including penalties. While this chapter is in effect, no additional water use by a customer shall be permitted unless the city manager determines that the health, safety, or welfare of the public might be endangered. (Ord. 788 § 5.9, 8-3-2015)
§ 13.17.040. Enforcement.

Any customer violating the water conservation and rationing provisions regulations set forth in this chapter, shall receive a written warning for the first violation. Upon a second violation, the customer shall receive a second written warning and the city may, at its discretion, install a flow-restricting device on the customer's water service. All costs to install and remove the flow-restricting device shall be paid by the violating customer.

Any willful violation after issuance of the second written warning shall constitute a misdemeanor and the city may, at its discretion, disconnect the water service. (Ord. 702, 2004)
§ 13.17.050. Water service surcharge.

In addition to those provisions set forth in Section 13.17.040, any violator receiving a second written notice will be assessed a water service use surcharge for any "excessive use of water" which is defined as water use that exceeds the average water use for the account for the prior twenty-four months. The surcharge for the "excessive use of water" shall be double the account billing rate.
(Ord. 702, 2004)
§ 13.17.060. Termination of service.

For violations resulting in third written notices and continued excessive use of water, the city may, at its discretion, disconnect water service and not reinstate service until a specific water conservation plan has been developed with the violating customer. (Ord. 702, 2004)
§ 13.17.070. Appeals.

Any decision or declaration made by the director of public works under this section may be appealed to the city manager. Any decision made by the city manager under this section may be appealed to the city council. Any appeal shall be made in writing, setting forth the nature of the disagreement with the decision or declaration made, the reasons to support the disagreement, and the relief sought. Any determination by the city council shall be final.
(Ord. 702, 2004)
Crescent City, CA
§ 13.17.035 § 13.17.080
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§ 13.17.080. Cumulative remedies.

The remedies available to the city to enforce this chapter are in addition to any other remedies available under the city's municipal code or any state statutes or regulations and do not replace or supplant any other remedy but are cumulative. (Ord. 702, 2004)
Crescent City, CA
§ 13.17.080 § 13.17.080
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APPENDIX F

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING FROM THE LOCAL NEWSPAPER
DRAFT

APPENDIX G
CRESCENT CITY RESOLUTION 2026-__
DRAFT

CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
TO: MAYOR WRIGHT AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: ERIC WIER, CITY MANAGER
BY: BRIDGET LACEY, GRANTS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

MANAGER
DATE: JUNE 15, 2026
SUBJECT: 2025-2030 DEL NORTE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (CEDS)
______________________________________________________________________

RECOMMENDATION
• Hear staff report
• Technical questions from the Council
• Receive public comment
• Further Council discussion
• Approve and Authorize the City Manager to sign an Agreement with TPMA, LLC to update the Del Norte County CEDS for the years 2025-2030 • Mayor to appoint and Council to confirm the appointment of two Council Members to a CEDS ad hoc / steering committee

BACKGROUND
For federal fiscal year (FY) 2023, the US Economic Development Administration (EDA) was appropriated $39.5 million for the Economic Adjustment Assistance (EAA) grant program and released a Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) for these funds on March 15, 2023. Subject to the availability of funds, awards made under this NOFO will assist communities and regions in devising and implementing long-term economic development efforts through a variety of non-construction and construction projects.

Under this program, EDA assists eligible recipients in creating regional and local economic development plans designed to build capacity and guide the economic prosperity and resilience of an area or region. EAA investments are designed to help communities catalyze public-private partnerships to foster collaboration, attract investment, and create jobs.

The current countywide CEDS was adopted by the City, County, and Harbor in March of 2020 and covers years 2019-2024. This planning document expired at the end of 2024.

In August of 2024 City staff submitted an application for EDA funding in the amount of

EDA CEDS UPDATE CONTRACT AWARD
JUNE 15, 2026
2 $76,000 with an in-kind match of $34,350 to update the existing CEDS. On September 17, 2025, the City received notice that a full award of $76,000 had been issued. On October 6, 2026, Council accepted the award and directed staff to execute a grant agreement with EDA. The countywide CEDS provides a guide for accomplishing the City’s economic development goals and will be a requirement for other funding opportunities.

Upon award of EDA funding, City staff have worked with County and Harbor staff to draft the RFP to select a consultant to perform the work. The selected consultant and planning partners will collect and analyze economic development data including, but not limited to, community demographics, infrastructure, economic trends and linkages. The consultant is expected to engage economic development partners and business owners to convene a steering committee. With assistance from the consultant, staff will schedule, plan, and convene community workshops to plan goals, strategies, and milestones to measure success. The workshops will collect input from all stakeholders regarding economic development issues, concerns, and desirable actions to guide identification and prioritization of the goals and strategies.

Data obtained from research, community meetings, business surveys, and the steering committee will be compiled and used to develop a draft updated CEDS. The draft goals and strategy will include: a description of each strategy; identification of each entity responsible for strategy implementation; quantification of costs, and feasibility, if adequate information is available; estimated effects of strategy implementation; and a list of possible next steps, including timelines for implementation of each str ategy.

The draft CEDS will then be presented to stakeholders and Partner Agencies’ representatives. Recommended changes per community and representative input will be incorporated into the final CEDS. When completed, the final CEDS will be presented to the Partner Agencies for acceptance.

The CEDS is intended to be a “living document” that is periodically reviewed and updated to reflect the economic development progress and changes in the region. The CEDS will be reviewed annually by the Partner Agencies to assess progress and amend the plan as necessary.

ITEM ANALYSIS
The RFP for an update to the Del Norte County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) was released on May 14, 2026, and a total of two proposals were received by the closing date of June 5, 2026. The proposals received for the CEDS update were both deemed qualified, with experience working in rural communities, and capable of performing the work, but one stood out as having more direct experience meeting the EDA requirements of the CEDS. Because of this, TPMA, LLC was selected by the hiring panel, which consisted of (2) City representatives, (1)

EDA CEDS UPDATE CONTRACT AWARD
JUNE 15, 2026
3 County representative, (1) Harbor representative, and (1) UC Cooperative Extension representative.

TPMA, LLC is a firm located in Indianapolis, Indiana, with experience developing plans for over 50 cities across the country. They recently completed a CEDS update for the County of Humboldt and have already seen meaningful progress aligned with their CEDS update since adoption. The total cost for the proposed planning document is $59,900, which is within budget, and the proposed timeline will allow for the work to be completed before the grant deadline. The proposed timeline is as follows:

Task 1: Project Initiation and Work Plan Development………….…....…..June-July 2026 Task 2: Data Collection, Economic Analysis, and Conditions Assessment………………………………………………………………..…...July-Sept 2026
Task 3: Stakeholder and Community Engagement…………...…...……..…Aug-Oct 2026 Task 4: Strategy Development, Action Framework & CEDS Assessment and Lessons Learned………………………………………………………………………..…Nov-Dec 2026
Task 5: Drafting, Review, Finalization, and Implementation Framework...Nov-Jan 2027

FISCAL ANALYSIS
The EDA grant covers $60,000 for a consultant contract and $16,000 for data gathering software. The grant requires a 30% match, or $34,350, which can be in the form of inkind services, over the next nine months, split among the participating agencies. The City has agreed to contribute $15,000 in staff time; the County has agreed to contribute $12,083.20 in staff time and $1,050 in facility rental fees; and the Crescent City Harbor District has agreed to contribute $6,217 in staff time. EDA grant funding operates on a reimbursement basis, so the City will need to expend the funds first and then request reimbursement for the grant funds.

STRATEGIC PLAN ASSESSMENT
This action supports the following Strategic Plan goals:
• Goal 1: Support quality services, community safety, and health to enhance the quality of life and experience of our residents and visitors • Goal 1(A): Enhance collaboration with other agencies and the community to better aid the public
• Goal 1(E): Target economic development improvements that provide additional benefit by enhancing the quality of life for residents
• Goal 2(D): Collaborate with other jurisdictions and nonprofits to maximize regional effectiveness and amplify funding opportunities • Goal 2(E): Create an environment that is conducive to attracting and retaining strong, sustainable businesses that reflect community needs and culture • Goal 2(F)(9): Expand on the success of grant funding by maximizing utilization of opportunities with corresponding community needs

ATTACHMENTS

1. Professional Services Agreement – TPMA, LLC

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 1

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT
This professional services agreement ("Agreement") is made and entered into by the City of Crescent City, a California municipal corporation ("CITY") and TPMA, LLC ("CONSULTANT"), for the purpose of utilizing Economic Development Administration (EDA) funds awarded to the CITY for the provision of updating the 2019-2024 Del Norte County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS).

RECITALS
WHEREAS, CITY has been awarded Economic Development Administration (EDA) funding for an update to the 2019-2024 Del Norte County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy; and
WHEREAS, CITY has determined that it is necessary and desirable to secure certain technical and professional services; and
WHEREAS, the scope of work for said services (hereinafter "Project") is outlined in the Project Scope of Work, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and hereby incorporated by reference; and
WHEREAS, CONSULTANT is qualified and willing to provide such services pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS AGREED by and between CITY and CONSULTANT as follows:

1. INCORPORATION OF RECITALS. The recitals set forth above, and all defined terms set forth in such recitals and in the introductory paragraph preceding the recitals, are hereby incorporated into this Agreement as if set forth herein in full.

2. SCOPE OF SERVICE.
(a) Services to be Furnished. Subject to policy direction and approvals as CITY through its staff may determine from time to time, CONSULTANT shall perform the services set forth in Exhibit “A” attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference. It is acknowledged by both parties that the services to be performed must be provided in accordance with EDA Guidelines and that if any terms of this Agreement conflict with those guidelines, then an amendment will be necessary. (b) Schedule for Performance. CONSULTANT must perform the services identified in Exhibit “A” as expeditiously as is consistent with generally accepted standards of

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 2
the professional skill, and with the appropriate care and the orderly progress of work per the requirements of the EDA. All work must be performed prior to the grant expenditure deadline and should follow the general guidelines of the established Project Schedule & Staffing, attached hereto as Exhibit “B”. (c) Standard of Quality. All work performed by CONSULTANT under this Agreement must be in accordance with all applicable legal requirements. All work must also meet the standard of quality ordinarily to be expected of competent professionals in CONSULTANT'S field of expertise.
(d) Compliance With Laws. CONSULTANT must comply with all applicable federal, state, and local laws, codes, ordinances, regulations, orders, and decrees, including without limitation, those laws or requirement regarding authority to conduct business, permit, licenses, tax, employment, reporting, data protection, lobbying, and contacts with government officials (including the provision of gifts) as well as the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, as amended.

CONSULTANT represents and warrants to CITY that CONSULTANT will, at its own cost and expense, always obtain and keep in effect during the term of this Agreement any licenses, permits, insurance and approvals which are legally required for CONSULTANT to practice its profession or are necessary and incident to the lawful prosecution of the services it performs under this Agreement. (e) Notice to Proceed. CONSULTANT is not authorized to commence work under this Agreement until CITY has signed a standard agreement with the State and issued CONSULTANT a notice to proceed.

3. COMPENSATION.
(a) Schedule of Payment. The compensation and terms of payment to be paid by CITY to CONSULTANT for the services rendered hereunder will be in accordance with Exhibit “C”, attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference. It is expressly agreed and understood that the total to be paid by CITY under this Agreement for professional services is not to exceed Fifty-Nine Thousand, NineHundred dollars ($59,900). (b) Additional Services. CITY will make no payment to CONSULTANT for any extra, further, or additional services unless such services and payment have been mutually agreed to and this Agreement has been formally amended in accordance with Section 7.
(c) Invoicing and Payment. CONSULTANT must submit final invoice identifying the service provided and time allocated to each task performed by January 31, 2027.

The parties agree to exercise good faith and diligence in the resolution of any

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 3
disputed invoice amounts. CITY will make payment within 30 days of receipt of invoice for all undisputed amounts.
(d) Payment at Termination. CITY must submit final payment for all work performed to the date of termination to CONSULTANT within 30 days of the final date of service.

4. ACTIVITY REVIEW AND COMMENT. CONSULTANT must provide CITY with copies of each participant’s progress for activities described in Exhibit “A”. Upon completion of each activity/task as defined in Exhibit “A”, CONSULTANT must be available to meet with CITY. If additional review and/or revision is required by CITY, CITY will conduct reviews in a timely manner.

5. TERM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement is effective as of the date of execution by both parties and will remain in effect until the grant performance period has ended or the completion of services, whichever is sooner, unless earlier terminated pursuant to Section

6. TERMINATION.
(a) CITY has the right to terminate this Agreement for any reason, at any time, by serving upon CONSULTANT ten (10) calendar days’ advance written notice of termination.

The notice will be deemed served and effective for all purposes on the date it is deposited in the U.S. mail, certified, return receipt requested, addressed to CONSULTANT at the address indicated in Section 11.
(b) If CITY issues a notice of termination, CONSULTANT must deliver to CITY copies of all writings, whether or not completed, which were prepared by CONSULTANT, its employees, or its subcontractors, if any, pursuant to this Agreement. The term "writings" includes, but is not limited to, handwriting, typewriting, computer files and records, drawings, blueprints, printing, photostatting, photographs, and every other means of recording upon any tangible thing, any form of communication or representation, including letters, words, pictures, sounds, symbols, or combinations thereof.
(c) Upon early termination of this Agreement, CONSULTANT will be entitled to payment for services rendered up to and including the day of termination.

7. AMENDMENTS. Modifications or amendments to the terms of this Agreement must be in writing and executed by both parties to be valid and enforceable. State approval is required for any Amendments.

8. NONDISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. CONSULTANT must not, either during or after the term of this Agreement, disclose to any third party any confidential information relative to the work of CITY without the prior written consent of CITY.

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 4

9. DISCLOSURE. CONSULTANT must provide CITY with full disclosure of any other clients that it is currently serving in Del Norte County, including a brief description of the nature of the work being performed. If CONSULTANT initiates service to new clients within Del Norte County during the term of this Agreement, CONSULTANT must disclose such service to CITY. CONSULTANT may be excused from this disclosure requirement if the client demands confidentiality, and the work does not present a conflict of interest for CONSULTANT.

10. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. In the performance of the services in this Agreement, CONSULTANT is an independent contractor and is not an agent or employee of CITY.

CONSULTANT, its officers, employees, agents, and subcontractors, if any, have no power to bind or commit CITY to any decision or course of action, and must not represent to any person or business that they have such power. CONSULTANT has the right to exercise full control of the supervision of the services and over the employment, direction, compensation, and discharge of all persons assisting CONSULTANT in the performance of said service hereunder. CONSULTANT is solely responsible for all matters relating to the payment of its employees, including compliance with social security and income tax withholding, workers' compensation insurance, and all other regulations governing such matters.

11. NOTICE. Any notices or other communications to be given to either party under this Agreement must be in writing, delivered to the addresses set forth below, and will be effective, as follows:
(a) By personal delivery: Effective upon receipt by the addressee; or (b) By facsimile: Effective upon receipt by the addressee, so long as a copy is provided by certified U.S. mail, return receipt requested, postmarked the same day as the facsimile; or
(c) By certified U.S. mail, return receipt requested: Effective 72 hours after deposit in the mail (except as otherwise provided in Section 6(a)).

CITY: CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
Attn: City Manager
377 J Street
Crescent City, California 95531
Phone: (707) 464-7483
Fax: (707) 465-1719
Email: [email protected]
CONSULTANT: TPMA, LLC
Attn: Mark Gramelspacher, CEO
PO Box 881011

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 5
Indianapolis, IN 46208
Phone: (317) 894-5508
Either party may change its address for notice purposes by complying with the notice procedures in this Section.

12. OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS.
(a) Copyrights associated with any original works developed in support of the activities described in Exhibit A pursuant to this Agreement, shall belong to the original artist (“Artist”) upon creation and shall continue tin Artist’s ownership upon termination of this Agreement.
(b) Any copyrighted materials and/or trademarks developed and created by CONSULTANT in the performance of this Agreement, including without limitation, all drawings, designs, reports, specifications, and notes, shall be deemed to be “works for hire” under the United States Copyright Act (17 USC § 101 et seq.) and shall, unless otherwise agreed to in writing, belong to CITY upon creation, and continue in the CITY’S exclusive ownership upon termination of this Agreement.

Unless otherwise agreed to in writing, CONSULTANT agrees to assign to CITY all rights, title, and interest in and all works created pursuant to this Agreement as well as all related intellectual property rights.
(c) CITY is the owner of all non-copyrighted or trademarked materials, records and information created, produced, or generated as part of the services performed under this Agreement. At any time during the term of this Agreement, at the request of CITY, CONSULTANT must deliver to CITY copies of all writings, records, and information created or maintained pursuant to this Agreement. The term "writings" in this Section has the same definition as provided in Section 6(b). Any forms, software, and/or services provided and created by the CONSULTANT will remain the property of the CONSULTANT. All documents or work created using these systems will remain the property of CITY.

13. DUTIES OF THE CITY. The CITY must provide the CONSULTANT with all program files, records, and information pertinent to services to be performed hereunder. The CITY is responsible for monitoring CONSULTANT for conformity with grant requirements and must promptly notify CONSULTANT of any fault or defect in the performance of CONSULTANT’S services hereunder.

14. BINDING AGREEMENT. This Agreement binds the successors of CITY and CONSULTANT in the same manner as if they were expressly named herein.

15. NO IMPLIED WAIVER. Waiver by either party of any default, breach, or condition precedent may not be construed as a waiver of any other default, breach, or condition precedent or any other right under this Agreement. The failure of either party at any time to

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 6
require performance by the other party of any provision hereof will not affect in any way the right to require such performance at a later time.

16. NONDISCRIMINATION.
(a) In General. During the performance of this Agreement, CONSULTANT and its subcontracts shall not unlawfully discriminate, harass, or allow harassment against any employee or applicant for employment because of sex, race, color, ancestry, religious creed, national origin, physical disability (including HIV and AIDS), mental disability, medical condition (e.g. cancer), age (over 40), marital status, and denial of family care leave. CONSULTANT and subcontractors shall insure that the evaluation and treatment of their employees and applicants for employment are free from such discrimination and harassment. CONSULTANT and subcontractors shall comply with the provisions of the Fair Employment Housing Act (Gove Code §12990 (a)-(f) et seq.) and the applicable regulations promulgated thereunder (California Code of Regulations, Title 2, Section 7285 et seq.). The applicable regulations of the Fair Employment and Housing Commission implementing Government Code Section 12990(a)-(f), set forth in Chapter 5 of Division 4 of Title 2 of the California Code of Regulations, are incorporated into this Agreement by reference and made a part hereof as if set forth in full. CONSULTANT and its subcontractors must give written notice of their obligations under this clause to labor organization with which they have a collective bargaining or other agreement.
(b)Compliance With Laws. CONSULTANT must comply with all federal and state antidiscrimination and civil rights laws, including: Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §§ 2000d et seq.) and DOC implementing regulations published at 15 CFR Part 8 prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of race, color, or national origin under programs or activities receiving Federal financial assistance; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. § 794), and DOC implementing regulations published at 15 CFR Part 8b prohibiting discrimination on the basis of handicap under any program or activity receiving or benefiting from Federal assistance; the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended (42 U.S.C. §§ 6101 et seq.), and DOC implementing regulations published at 15 CFR Part 20 prohibiting discrimination on the basis of age in programs or activities receiving Federal financial assistance.
(c) Posting Requirements. CONSULTANT agrees to post in conspicuous places, available to all employees and applicants for employment, notices that CONSULTANT will provide an atmosphere for employees, clients, and volunteers that is free from harassment or discrimination on the bases set forth in subsection 16(a).

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 7

17. INSURANCE.
(a) Required Coverage. CONSULTANT, at its sole cost and expense, must obtain and maintain in full force and effect throughout the entire term of this Agreement the following described insurance coverage:

Policy Type Minimum Limits of Coverage
(i) Workers' Compensation Per California Law
(ii) Employer’s Liability $1,000,000 per accident for BI/Disease (iii) Comprehensive Automobile
ISO Form # CA 0001
$1,000,000 per accident for BI/PD CSL,
Code I – All autos
(iv) Commercial/Comprehensive
General Liability
ISO Form # CG 001 01
$1,000,000 per occurrence for BI/PD,
including premises operations, products
/ completed operations, independent
contractors, personal and advertising
injury and liability; $1,000,000 each
occurrence/$2,000,000 gen. aggregate
and $2,000,000 products/completed
operations aggregate
(b) Deductibles and Self-Insured Retentions. Any deductibles or self-insured retentions must be declared to and approved by CITY.
(c) Required Provisions. The general liability and automobile liability policies are to contain, or be endorsed to contain, the following provisions:
(i) For any claims related to this Project, the CONSULTANT'S insurance coverage will be primary insurance as respects CITY, its officers, officials, employees, and volunteers. Any insurance or self-insurance maintained by CITY, its officers, officials, employees, or volunteers will be in excess of the CONSULTANT'S insurance and will not contribute to it; and
(ii) CITY, its officers, officials, employees and volunteers are to be covered as additional insureds.
(iii) For purposes of this subsection 17(c), “CITY” shall also include EDA, its officers, agents, employees and servants.

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 8
(d) Claims-Made Policies. If any required policy is a claims-made policy, the policy must contain language providing coverage up to six months following the completion of the Project in order to provide insurance coverage for the hold harmless provisions herein.
(e) Verification of Coverage. CONSULTANT must provide copies of all required insurance declarations, at the CITYS discretion, either upon request or prior to commencement of work.
(f) Notice of Cancellation. Each insurance policy required by this Section must be endorsed to state that coverage may not be suspended, voided, cancelled by either party, reduced in coverage or in limits except after giving CITY 30 days' prior written notice (10 days for non-payment of premium) by certified mail, return receipt requested.
(g) Lack of Coverage. In the event any required policy is canceled prior to the completion of the Project and CONSULTANT does not furnish a new Certificate of Insurance prior to cancellation, CITY may obtain the required insurance and deduct the premium(s) from contract monies due to CONSULTANT.
(h) Other Coverages. CONSULTANT must maintain, if legally required, unemployment and disability insurance reasonable to compensate for injuries or damages related to the activities of this Agreement.

18. WORKERS' COMPENSATION.
(a) Covenant to Provide. CONSULTANT warrants that it is aware of the provisions of the California Labor Code that requires every employer to be insured against liability for workers' compensation or to undertake self-insurance in accordance with the provisions of that Code. CONSULTANT further agrees that it will comply with such provisions before commencing the performance of the work under this Agreement.
(b) Waiver of Subrogation. CONSULTANT agrees to waive all rights of subrogation against CITY, its elected or appointed officials, agents, and employees for losses paid under CONSULTANT'S workers’ compensation insurance policy which arise from the work performed by CONSULTANT for CITY.

19. DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE & HUMAN TRAFFICKING.
(a) Drug-Free Workplace. CONSULTANT must comply with the provisions of the DrugFree Workplace Act of 1988 (41 U.S.C. § 8102) and DOC implementing regulations published at 2 CFR Part 1329 (Requirements for Drug-Free Workplace (Financial

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 9
Assistance)), which require that the recipient and subrecipient take certain actions to provide a drug-free workplace.
(b) Human Trafficking. CONSULTANT must not engage in:
(i) Severe forms of trafficking in persons;
(ii) The procurement of a commercial sex act during the period of time that this award or any subaward is in effect;
(iii) The use of forced labor in the performance of this award or any subaward; or
(iv) Acts that directly support or advance trafficking in persons, including the following acts:
(A) Destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating, or otherwise denying an employee access to that employee’s identity or immigration documents;
(B) Failing to provide return transportation or pay for return transportation costs to an employee from a country outside the United States to the country from which the employee was recruited upon the end of employment if requested by the employee, unless:
(1) Exempted from the requirement to provide or pay for such return transportation by the Federal department or agency providing or entering into the grant or cooperative agreement; or (2) The employee is a victim of human trafficking seeking victim services or legal redress in the country of employment or a witness in a human trafficking enforcement action;
(C) Soliciting a person for the purpose of employment, or offering employment, by means of materially false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises regarding that employment:
(D) Charging recruited employees as a placement or recruitment fee; or
(E) Providing or arranging housing that fails to meet the host country’s housing and safety standards.

20. LOBBYING REGULATIONS.
(a) Lobbying Restrictions. CONSULTANT must comply with 2 CFR § 200.450 (Lobbying), which incorporates the provisions of 31 U.S.C. § 1352; and OMB guidance and notices on lobbying restrictions. In addition, recipients and subrecipients must comply with DOC regulations published at 15 CFR Part 28, which implement the New Restrictions on Lobbying. These provisions prohibit the use of Federal funds for lobbying the executive or legislative branches of the Federal Government in connection with the award and require the disclosure of the use of non-Federal funds for lobbying. Lobbying includes attempting to improperly influence, meaning any influence that induces or tends to induce a Federal

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 10
employee or officer to give consideration or to act regarding a Federal award or regulatory matter on any basis other than the merits of the matter, either directly or indirectly. Costs incurred to improperly influence are unallowable. See 2 CFR § 200.450(b) and (c). CONSULTANT must sign and certify the Anti-Lobbying Certification included as Exhibit C to this Agreement and return it to CITY with the executed copy of this Agreement.
(b) Disclosure of Lobbying Activities. Any CONSULTANT that receives more than $100,000 in Federal funding and conducts lobbying with non-federal funds relating to a covered Federal action must submit a completed Form SF-LLL (Disclosure of Lobbying Activities). The Form SF-LLL must be submitted within 30 calendar days following the end of the calendar quarter in which there occurs any event that requires disclosure or that materially affects the accuracy of the information contained in any disclosure form previously filed. The recipient must submit any required SF-LLL forms, including those received from subrecipients, contractors, and subcontractors, to the Grants Officer.

21. RUSSIAN SANCTIONS. On March 4, 2022, Governor Gavin Newsom issued Executive Order N-6-22 (EO) regarding sanctions in respo0nse to Russian aggression in Ukraine. The EO is located at https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/3.4.22-RussiaUkraine-Order.pdf. The EO directs all agencies and department that are subject top the Governor’s authority to take certain immediate steps, including notifying all contractors and grantee of hir obligations to comply with existing economic sanctions imposed by the U.S. government in response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine, as well as any sanctions imposed under State law. CONSULTANT must comply with the economic sanctions imposed in response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine, including with respect to, but not limited to, the federal executive orders identified in the EO and the sanctions identified on the U.S.

Department of the Treasure website: https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financialsanctions/sanctions-programs-and-country-information/ukraine-russia-relatedsanctions).

22. INDEMNIFICATION PROVISIONS.
(a) CONSULTANT agrees to indemnify, defend, and save harmless the EDA, its officers, agents, and employees from any and all claims and losses, whatsoever, accruing or resulting to any and all contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, laborers, and any other person, firm or corporation furnishing or supplying work, services, materials or supplies in connection with the performance of this Agreement, and from any and all claims and losses accruing or resulting to any person, firm or corporation who may be injured or damaged by CONSULTANT in performance of this Agreement.
(b) CONSULTANT agrees to indemnify, defend and save harmless CITY, its City Council, its officials, agents, and employees from any and all claims and losses, whatsoever, accruing or resulting from any and all contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, laborers, and any other

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 11
person, firm or corporation furnishing or supplying work, services, materials, or supplies in connection with the performance of this Agreement, and from any and all claims and losses accruing or resulting to any person, firm or corporation who may be injured or damaged by CONSULTANT in the performance of this Agreement.

23. WAIVER OF CLAIMS. CONSULTANT waives all claims and recourse against the Mellon Foundation and the Department, its officer, employees and/or agents, including the right to contribution, for any and all loss, injury, death or damage to persons or property, caused by, arising out of, or in anyway connected with or incident to this Agreement, or the rights or obligations herein granted or imposed, except Those arising out ofthe sole active negligence or willful misconduct of the Department.

24.CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. CONSULTANT shall exercise reasonable care and diligence to prevent any actions or conditions which could result in a conflict with CITY'S interest.

CONSULTANT must immediately notify CITY of any and all violations of this Section upon becoming aware of such violation. A conflict of interest generally exists when an interested party participates in a matter that has a direct and predictable effect on the interested party's personal or financial interests. A conflict also may exist where there is an appearance that an interested party's objectivity in performing his or her responsibilities under the project is impaired. For example, an appearance of impairment of objectivity may result from an organizational conflict where, because of other activities or relationships with other persons or entities, an interested party is unable to render impartial assistance, services or advice to the CITY, a participant in the project or to the Federal government. Additionally, a conflict of interest may result from non-financial gain to an interested party, such as benefit to reputation or prestige in a professional field.

25. TIME OF THE ESSENCE. CONSULTANT understands and agrees that time is of the essence in the completion of the work and services described in Exhibit A.

26. SEVERABILITY. If any court of competent jurisdiction or subsequent preemptive legislation holds or renders any of the provisions of this Agreement unenforceable or invalid, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions, or portions thereof, will not be affected.

27. GOVERNING LAW AND CHOICE OF FORUM. This Agreement will be administered and interpreted under California law as though written by both parties. Any litigation arising from this Agreement must be brought in the Superior Court of Del Norte County.

28.COSTS AND ATTORNEYS' FEES. If either party commences any legal action against the other party arising out of this Agreement or the performance thereof, the prevailing party in such action may recover its reasonable litigation expenses, including court costs, expert witness fees, discovery expenses, and attorneys' fees.

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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 12

29. NO ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement any amendments hereto are not assignable by CONSULANT either voluntarily or by operation of law without the written approval of CITY.

30. AUTHORIZATION TO EXECUTE. The signatories to this Agreement hereby represent and warrant that they have been duly authorized to legally bind and execute this Agreement on behalf of their respective parties.

31. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement with the Exhibits attached may be executed in counterparts, each of which is to be deemed an original but all of which together constitute one in the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail, including pdf or any electronic signature complying with California’s Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, Cal. Civ. Code Section 1633.1 et seq. In any action or proceeding, an exact and correct copy may be used in lieu of an original.
[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW]

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 13

SIGNATURE PAGE
Executed by CITY and CONSULTANT on this _____ day of __________, 2024.

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY:

Eric Wier, City Manager
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

Martha D. Rice, City Attorney
TPMA, LLC:

By:

Mark Gramelspacher, CEO

EXHIBIT A

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 14

PROJECT SCOPE OF WORK
19 Comprehensive
Economic
Development Strategy
Task 1: Project Initiation and Work Plan
Development
Why this matters
A clear project structure is essential to keep a
multi-partner effort on track, especially in regions with limited staff capacity. Early alignment ensures the
process is efficient, transparent, and produces an
EDA-compliant, implementable CEDS.

What we will do
• Conduct a project kickoff meeting with Partner
Agencies to confirm goals, roles, and expectations
• Develop a detailed work plan aligned with the
February 2027 deadline and key milestones
• Establish communication protocols, decision-making
structure, and reporting cadence
• Create project management systems for document
sharing, meeting tracking, and progress updates
• Coordinate closely with staff to streamline data
requests and reduce administrative burden
What you get
• A clear, approved roadmap for the full CEDS process
• Defined roles, timelines, and communication
structure
• Efficient project coordination that minimizes staff
workload
• A strong foundation for on-time delivery and smooth
implementation
Strategic questions we will answer
• How will decisions be made, documented, and
communicated?
• How do we ensure the process stays on schedule
and within scope?
• How do we reduce demands on limited local
capacity while maintaining quality?
20 Comprehensive
Economic
Development Strategy
Task 2: Data Collection, Economic Analysis,
and Conditions Assessment
Why this matters
A strong CEDS must be grounded in accurate, localized
data that reflects both regional trends and
on-the-ground realities. Rural economies require
nuanced analysis that captures industry
interdependencies, workforce dynamics, and
infrastructure constraints.

What we will do
• Compile and analyze demographic, economic,
workforce, and industry data
• Assess key sectors (e.g., tourism, commercial fishing, harbor-related commerce, marine industries, natural
resources, public employment, renewable energy,
offshore wind-related opportunities, and other
emerging industries)
• Evaluate opportunities and constraints associated
with transportation connectivity, harbor
infrastructure, blue economy assets, and emerging
offshore wind supply chain activity affecting the
North Coast region.
• Analyze infrastructure conditions
• Conduct a SWOT analysis identifying strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
• Integrate regional context, including state and federal initiatives impacting the North Coast
What you get
• A comprehensive Area Overview aligned with EDA
requirements
• Data-driven insights tailored to Del Norte County’s
economy
• Clear identification of economic challenges and
opportunities
• A shared understanding of baseline conditions to
inform strategy
Strategic questions we will answer
• What industries are driving the local and regional
economy today, and what is emerging?
• Where are the most critical workforce and
infrastructure gaps?
• What factors are limiting or enabling economic
growth in Del Norte County?
21 Comprehensive
Economic
Development Strategy
Task 3: Stakeholder and Community
Engagement
Why this matters
In rural regions, meaningful engagement is critical to
building a strategy that reflects local priorities and
gains broad buy-in. Given geographic dispersion and
limited population density, engagement must be
intentional, flexible, and designed to reach residents, businesses, and partners who are not always easily
accessible.

What we will do
• Develop a targeted engagement plan tailored to Del
Norte County’s geography and stakeholders
• Conduct a minimum of three in-person or hybrid
public meetings in accessible locations
• Facilitate small-group stakeholder roundtables with
key sectors (e.g., employers, workforce providers,
Tribal partners, educators, harbor and tourism
stakeholders)
• Conduct one-on-one interviews with regional leaders
and historically underrepresented voices
• Deploy an online survey to expand reach across rural
and remote populations
• Coordinate meeting logistics, materials, facilitation, and documentation (agendas, attendance,
summaries)
• Utilize flexible formats (evening sessions, hybrid
options, mobile outreach where needed) to maximize
participation
What you get
• Broad, inclusive stakeholder input reflecting the full community
• Well-documented engagement process aligned
with EDA expectations
• Increased local ownership and support for the final
CEDS
• Clear understanding of community priorities and
implementation barriers
Strategic questions we will answer
• What are the top economic priorities across
different communities and sectors?
• What barriers prevent residents and businesses
from participating in the local economy?
• Where is there alignment, and where are there
competing priorities we must reconcile?
22 Comprehensive
Economic
Development Strategy
Task 4: Strategy Development, Action Framework & CEDS
Assessment and Lessons Learned
Why this matters
The value of a CEDS lies in its ability to translate analysis and input into clear, actionable strategies. In rural
communities, strategies must be realistic, prioritized, and aligned with available capacity and funding
opportunities.

Equally important, this effort builds on prior work.

Incorporating a structured CEDS Assessment and
Lessons Learned component ensures that the strategy
reflects what has worked, what has not, and how
conditions have evolved since the previous CEDS. This
strengthens alignment with EDA best practices and
enhances the overall competitiveness of the final plan.

What we will do
• Define a regional vision, goals, and objectives based on data and stakeholder input
• Develop targeted strategies addressing workforce,
infrastructure, housing, industry growth, harbor
development, blue economy opportunities, resilience,
and economic diversification linked to emerging
energy markets
• Identify priority projects and initiatives with clear implementation pathways
• Assign roles, timelines, and potential funding sources for each strategy
• Incorporate resilience planning, including economic
recovery and disaster preparedness
• Align strategies with EDA requirements and funding
eligibility criteria
CEDS Assessment and Lessons Learned Component:
• Benchmark prior CEDS implementation outcomes and
overall performance
• Review completed versus incomplete goals and
initiatives
• Evaluate barriers to implementation (capacity, funding, policy, or coordination challenges)
• Identify emerging economic conditions and
opportunities since the prior CEDS
• Translate findings into refined, forward-looking
strategies and priorities
What you get
• A clear, prioritized Action Plan tied to measurable
outcomes
• Implementation-ready strategies with defined
ownership and timelines
• Strong alignment between community priorities and
funding opportunities
• A framework that supports both immediate actions and
long-term growth
• Documented assessment of prior CEDS performance to
inform decision-making and strengthen future
implementation
Strategic questions we will answer
• Which strategies will have the greatest impact on
economic resilience and growth?
• What actions are realistically achievable given local capacity and resources?
• How can the region leverage the CEDS to compete for
state and federal funding?
23 Comprehensive
Economic
Development Strategy
Task 5: Drafting, Review, Finalization, and
Implementation Framework
Why this matters
A CEDS must function as a living, usable document, not
just a report. Clear documentation, measurable
outcomes, and an evaluation framework ensure the
strategy can guide decisions and adapt over time.

What we will do
• Draft a complete, EDA-compliant CEDS document
• Present the draft to stakeholders and Partner
Agencies for review
• Incorporate feedback and refine goals, strategies, and project priorities
• Develop performance metrics and an evaluation
framework for ongoing monitoring
• Prepare final document, including narrative, data
visuals, and implementation tools
• Present the final CEDS to Partner Agency boards for
adoption
What you get
• A fully compliant, high-quality CEDS ready for EDA
submission
• A clear evaluation plan with defined performance
metrics
• A user-friendly, visually clear document that supports decision-making
A “living” strategy that can be updated and used
beyond adoption
Strategic questions we will answer
• How will progress be measured and reported over time? • How can the CEDS remain relevant as conditions
change?
• How can the document be used to guide investment,
partnerships, and grant applications?
Pro-Bono Implementation Support
TPMA provides six months of pro-bono implementation
support to ensure that the strategies and
recommendations outlined in our plans translate into
meaningful, actionable steps. We believe that the value of a strategic plan lies not just in its design, but in its execution. Too often, well-developed plans are created
and then set aside without proper follow-through. Our
support period is designed to bridge that gap, working
alongside your team to guide implementation,
troubleshoot early challenges, and ensure that
momentum is maintained from day one.

Throughout this period, TPMA remains actively engaged
with you as a thought partner and resource. We offer
regular check-ins, responsive communication, and
hands-on assistance to help navigate emerging needs or
unexpected obstacles. Whether it’s helping to refine
performance metrics, adjust timelines, or coordinate
among stakeholders, we are committed to being a
consistent source of support. Our goal is to empower your team to build lasting capacity while keeping the plan’s goals front and center, ensuring long-term impact
beyond the initial six-month period.

EXHIBIT B

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 20

PROJECT SCHEDULE & STAFFING
The project schedule is designed to complete the final deliverables by January 31, 2027. If the City and Partner Agencies are granted additional time, we would extend the schedule to permit longer community discussion of the CEDs before final adoption.

EXHIBIT C

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 21

PROJECT BUDGET
Performance of work Scope detailed in Exhibit A is for a Not to Exceed Limit of $59,900. Time and material expenses will be based on the following TPMA , LLC proposed budget.

EXHIBIT C

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT PG. 21

BYRD ANTI-LOBBYING CERTIFICATION
31 USC § 1352
The undersigned certifies, to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, that:

1. No Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid, by or on behalf of the undersigned, to any person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of an agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in connection with the awarding of any Federal contract, the making of any Federal grant, the making of any Federal loan, the entering into of any cooperative agreement, and the extension, continuation, renewal, amendment, or modification of any Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement.

2. If any funds other than Federal appropriated funds have been paid or will be paid to any person for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any agency, a Member of Congress, an officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a Member of Congress in connection with this Federal contract, grant, loan, or cooperative agreement, the undersigned shall complete and submit Standard Form-LLL, “Disclosure Form to Report Lobbying,” in accordance with its instructions.

3. The undersigned shall require that the language of this certification be included in the award documents for all sub-awards at all tiers (including subcontracts, sub-grants, and contracts under grants, loans, and cooperative agreements) and that all sub-recipients shall certify and disclose accordingly. This certification is a material representation of fact upon which reliance was placed when this transaction was made or entered into. Submission of this certification is a prerequisite for making or entering into this transaction imposed by section 1352, title 31, U.S. Code. Any person who fails to file the required certification shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $10,000 and not more than $100,000 for each such failure.

The CONSULTANT listed below certifies or affirms the truthfulness and accuracy of each statement of its certification and disclosure, if any. In addition, the CONSULTANT understands and agrees that the provisions of 31 U.S.C. Ch. 38, Administrative Remedies for False Claims and Statements, apply to this certification and disclosure, if any.

PROJECT: 2024 CEDS Update / ED25SEA0G0153
CONSULTANT NAME:

PHYSICAL ADDRESS:

SIGNATURE OF CONSULTANT’S
AUTHORIZED OFFICIAL:

NAME AND TITLE OF
CONSULTANT’S AUTHORIZED OFFICIAL:

DATE:

CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
TO: MAYOR WRIGHT AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: ERIC WIER, CITY MANAGER
BY: MARTHA D. RICE, CITY ATTORNEY
DATE: JUNE 15, 2026
SUBJECT: UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE – 475 7TH STREET ______________________________________________________________________

RECOMMENDATION
• Hear staff report
• Council questions
• Receive public comments
• Council discussion and deliberation
• Approve and authorize the City Manager to sign the Lease with Uncharted Shores Academy for 475 7th Street

BACKGROUND
The City owns Peterson Park, a 7.4-acre park in the middle of town that hosts a baseball field, tee ball field, tennis/pickleball courts, county-maintained skate park, community garden, and a two-classroom facility with adjoining playground. The classroom facility has been used as a preschool for decades. North Coast Children Services, which most recently operated a Head Start program at the facility, has vacated the premises.

Uncharted Shores Academy, a public charter school, expressed interest in leasing the facility. Uncharted Shores currently leases space on E Washington Blvd. across from Sutter Coast Hospital. The property was recently purchased by Sutter Health, which plans to use the entire complex for its healthcare services – necessitating the relocation of Uncharted Shores Academy.

ITEM ANALYSIS
The City may lease real property for up to 15 years without having to declare it surplus and going through a specific competitive process. The City needs to set the rental rate at an estimated fair market rate or risk unlawfully gifting public funds to Uncharted Shores Academy. If the rental rate is less than fair market value, then the City must determine that the use of the facility serves a public purpose and therefore the discount in rental rate does not constitute a gift according to the case law interpreting Article XVI, Section 6 of the California Constitution.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE
JUNE 15, 2026
2 The basic terms of the lease with Uncharted Shores Academy are as follows:
• LEASED PREMISES: The classroom facility located at 475 7th Street and adjoining playground.
• TERM: The Lease is for a 5-year initial term with two options to renew for a term of 5 years each. The lease will begin June 22, 2026.
• RENTAL RATE: The lease includes a rental rate of $3,200 per month ($38,400 per year, payable annually in advance), which is approximately $1 per square foot, the estimated fair market value. The rental rate is scheduled to increase 2% per year. • UTILITIES & TAXES: The tenant, Uncharted Shores Academy, will be responsible for all utilities and applicable property taxes.
• MAINTENANCE & REPAIR: The City will be responsible for the maintenance and repair of the structural components of the building (including plumbing, HVAC, roof), as well as lawn maintenance. USA will be responsible for maintenance and repairs of non-structural components during the term of the lease. • PLAYGROUND: The public will be allowed to use the playground during nonschool, non-business hours. The City and USA will be equally share in the cost of maintenance and repair of the swing set and play structure, as well as the periodic replenishment of wood chips. The public will be able to utilize the playground after 4:30 PM on weekdays and on weekends.
• IMPROVEMENTS: The City will oversee making some improvements, which will be at USA’s expense (reimbursed to the City for actual costs). These include two new exterior doors, five new interior doors and the construction of some interior walls to create a conference room.

FISCAL ANALYSIS
The revenue from the lease of the building will go into the General Fund. The City anticipates receiving $38,400 in rent for the first year, with rent escalating 2% per year thereafter.

STRATEGIC PLAN ANALYSIS
This item is consistent with the following strategic plan goals:
• Goal 1: Support Quality Services, Community Safety, and Health to Enhance the Quality of Life and Experience of Our Resident and Visitors o A. Enhance collaboration with other agencies and the community to better aid the public.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE
JUNE 15, 2026
3 o D. Provide and maintain an efficient, adequate infrastructure to provide for both current and future community needs

ATTACHMENTS

1. Draft Lease with Uncharted Shores Academy
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 1 OF 26
Lease Agreement
Between City of Crescent City
and
Uncharted Shores Academy Charter School
For 475 7th Street, Crescent City, CA
This Lease Agreement (this “Lease”) is made as of June 15, 2026 (the “Effective Date”), by and between the City of Crescent City, a California municipal corporation (“CITY”) and Uncharted Shores Academy, a California nonprofit public benefit corporation operating a charter school duly authorized under Education Code section 47600 et seq. (“USA”).

RECITALS
A. CITY is the owner in fee simple of certain real property located in the City of Crescent City, County of Del Norte, State of California, more particularly described in Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference (the “Property”), together with any improvements thereon (collectively, the “Premises” as further defined below).

B. CITY desires to lease the Premises to USA for the operation of a public charter school and related educational uses, which CITY has determined will serve a valid public purpose and is consistent with CITY’s powers under the California Constitution, the California Government Code, and applicable municipal ordinances.

C. USA is authorized to operate a charter school under a charter petition approved by Del Norte Unified School District (the “Charter Authorizer”) under the California Education Code (the “Charter”). USA desires to lease the Premises from CITY for operation of the Charter and related activities.

D. CITY desires to lease and USA desires to rent the Premises upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Lease.

AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, for valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree to the following terms and conditions.

1.0 DEFINITIONS
In addition to terms defined elsewhere in this Lease, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:

1.01 “Agreement” or “Lease” means this Lease Agreement and all exhibits and addenda hereto, as amended from time to time in writing.

1.02 “Building” means the building or buildings located on the Property that are included in the Premises.

1.03 “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or official holiday of the State of California or the City of Crescent City.

1.04 “Commencement Date” has the meaning given in Section 3.02 below.

1.05 “Expiration Date” has the meaning given in Section 3.01 below.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 2 OF 26

1.06 “Hazardous Materials” has the meaning given in Section 15.01 below.

1.07 “Laws” means all present and future applicable statutes, laws, ordinances, codes, regulations, judicial decisions, orders, and requirements of any federal, state, county, municipal, or other governmental or quasi-governmental authority having jurisdiction over the Premises or either party, including without limitation the California Education Code applicable to charter schools, the California Government Code, the California Building, Fire, and Health and Safety Codes, and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

1.08 “Lease Year” means each consecutive twelve (12) full calendar month period during the Term beginning on the Commencement Date (or, if the Commencement Date is not the first day of a calendar month, the first day of the first full calendar month following the Commencement Date), and each anniversary thereof.

1.09 “Permitted Use” has the meaning given in Section 4.01 below.

1.10 “Rent” means collectively the Fixed Rent and any Additional Rent due under this Lease.

1.11 “Term” means the initial term of this Lease and any extension or renewal period exercised in accordance with this Lease.

1.12 “Work” means any tenant improvements, alterations, or additions performed by or on behalf of USA in or to the Premises.

2.0 PREMISES

2.01 Leased Premises. Subject to and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Lease, CITY hereby leases to USA, and USA hereby leases from CITY, the following (collectively, the “Premises”):
(a) The real property described in Exhibit A, together with appurtenant rights and easements benefiting the Property; and
(b) The Building(s) and other improvements located on the Property as of the Effective Date, as more particularly depicted or described in Exhibit B attached hereto;

2.02 Exclusions and Reservations. The lease of the Premises is subject to:
(a) All easements, rights-of-way, covenants, conditions, restrictions, encumbrances, and other matters of record;
(b) Any rights of utility providers with respect to lines, pipes, conduits, and equipment servicing the Premises or adjacent properties;
(c) CITY’s reservation of rights for the public to utilize the outdoor playground during nonschool hours (school hours being 7:30 am - 4:30 pm Monday through Friday) while Peterson Park is open (currently 5:00 am – 11:00 pm); and (d) CITY’s reserved rights to install, replace, maintain, and use, and to permit others to install, replace, maintain, and use, utility lines, pipes, ducts, conduits, and related facilities in, on, over, under, and through the Premises, provided that such activities do not materially interfere with USA’s rights of access to and use of the Premises for the Permitted Use, except temporarily during emergencies or necessary repairs with reasonable efforts to minimize disruption.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 3 OF 26

3.0 TERM

3.01 Initial Term. The initial term of this Lease (the “Initial Term”) shall commence on the Commencement Date (as defined below) and, unless sooner terminated as provided in this Lease, shall expire at 11:59 p.m. local time on June 21, 2031 (the “Expiration Date”).

3.02 Commencement Date. The “Commencement Date” shall be June 22, 2026. CITY shall deliver possession of the Premises to USA on the Commencement Date.

3.03 Holding Over. If USA remains in possession of the Premises after the Expiration Date or earlier termination of this Lease without a written extension or renewal executed by CITY, then:
(a) Such holding over shall be deemed a month-to-month tenancy, terminable by either party upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice;
(b) USA shall pay monthly rent equal to one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the Fixed Rent payable for the last full calendar month of the Term, plus all Additional Rent and other sums due under this Lease;
(c) USA shall be subject to all terms and conditions of this Lease other than those relating to term length or options to extend; and
(d) Nothing in this Section shall be deemed to grant USA any right to remain in possession after expiration or termination of the Term, and CITY’s acceptance of rent shall not constitute consent to any such holding over.

3.04 Renewal Terms. USA shall have two options to renew or extend the term of this Lease for the Premises for a period of 5 years each, commencing immediately after the expiration of then then-current Term (the “Renewal Term” ). USA may exercise a renewal option only by delivering written notice to CITY not less than 180 days and not more than 360 days before the expiration of the then-current Term. The written notice must state that USA is exercising its renewal option for the applicable Renewal Term. Time is of the essence with respect to USA’s delivery of the renewal notice.

3.05 Conditions to Renewal. USA’s right to renew is conditioned on each of the following (a) No Default at Exercise. USA is not in default under this Lease beyond any applicable notice and cure period on the date USA delivers the renewal notice. (b) No Default at Commencement. USA is not in default under this Lease beyond any applicable notice and cure period on the first day of the applicable Renewal Term. (c) Lease in Effect. This Lease has not been terminated before the commencement of the applicable Renewal Term.

3.06 Renewal Rent. During each Renewal Term, USA shall pay monthly rent during the Renewal Term equal to 102% of the base rent payable during the final month of the immediately preceding Term, subject to annual increases of 2.0% on each anniversary of the commencement of the Renewal Term.

3.07 Continuation of Lease Terms During Renewal Term. Except as expressly modified by this Section, the Renewal Term shall be on the same terms, covenants, and conditions contained in this Lease.

3.08 Documentation. Promptly after USA validly exercises a renewal option, CITY and USA shall execute a written amendment confirming the applicable Renewal Term, renewal rent, UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 4 OF 26
revised expiration date, and any other conforming terms. Failure to execute such amendment shall not invalidate a timely and valid exercise of the renewal option.

4.0 PERMITTED USE; COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS

4.01 Permitted Use. USA shall use and occupy the Premises solely for the following purposes (collectively, the “Permitted Use”):
(a) Operation of a public charter school authorized under the Charter, including classroom instruction, special education services, and related educational programs; (b) Administrative offices and support spaces reasonably required for school operations; (c) Student, staff, and parent meetings, and extracurricular programs reasonably related to the educational mission;
(d) Community and educational events reasonably related to USA’s nonprofit and educational purposes, such as parent-teacher meetings, informational sessions, board meetings, after-school programs, and community outreach activities; and (e) Any other use that is (1) incidental to the foregoing, (2) consistent with USA’s Charter and nonprofit purposes, (3) consistent with the zoning and other applicable Laws, and (4) approved in writing in advance by CITY, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed.

4.02 Prohibited Uses. USA shall not:
(a) Use or permit the Premises to be used for any purpose that is illegal or in violation of any applicable Law, or that materially interferes with the quiet enjoyment of neighboring property owners or occupants; or
(b) Use the Premises for any use unrelated to the educational mission; or (c) Permit the Premises to be used primarily as a religious worship facility, although USA may conduct incidental student religious club activities consistent with applicable law.

4.03 Compliance with Laws. At its sole cost and expense (except as expressly allocated to CITY in this Lease), USA shall:
(a) Comply with all Laws applicable to the Premises, USA’s use thereof, and USA’s operations, including without limitation:
(i) The California Education Code applicable to charter schools, including sections 47600 et seq.;
(ii) The Charter and all conditions imposed by the Charter Authorizer; (iii) Building, fire, health and safety, environmental, and accessibility codes and regulations;
(iv) Requirements of the applicable local fire marshal, building official, and health authorities; and
(v) Laws governing the safety and welfare of minors and school operations. (b) Obtain and maintain all permits, licenses, approvals, and certifications required for USA’s operation of the Charter school at the Premises.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 5 OF 26
(c) Not use or occupy the Premises or permit the same to be used or occupied in any manner that would cause the Premises, or any part thereof, to be in violation of any Laws, or any certificate of occupancy or similar permit.

4.04 Charter Status.
(a) USA represents and warrants that, as of the Effective Date:
(i) USA holds a valid and enforceable Charter issued by the Charter Authorizer; (ii) USA is in substantial compliance with the Charter and applicable laws. (b) USA shall:
(i) Maintain its Charter in full force and effect during the Term; (ii) Promptly provide CITY copies of any notices from the Charter Authorizer or any governmental authority relating to potential revocation, non-renewal, material probation, or material corrective action concerning USA or the Charter; (iii) Promptly notify CITY if USA becomes aware of any event or condition that is reasonably likely to result in revocation, non-renewal, or material limitation of the Charter.
(c) If USA’s Charter is revoked or not renewed and no replacement charter is obtained for operation at the Premises within one hundred eighty (180) days following such revocation or non-renewal, CITY may, upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice, terminate this Lease effective as of a date specified in such notice, not less than thirty (30) days nor more than one hundred eighty (180) days following the expiration of the aforesaid cure period, subject to reasonable extension to allow completion of a school year if consistent with applicable law and CITY’s reasonable discretion.

5.0 RENT AND OTHER CHARGES

5.01 Rent. Beginning on the Commencement Date and continuing throughout the Term, USA shall pay to CITY, without offset, deduction, or counterclaim (except as expressly permitted in this Lease), rent (“Rent”) in the amount of $3,200.00 per month / $38,400.00 per year, payable annually in advance on the first day of each Lease year.

5.02 Rent Adjustments. Rent shall be subject to adjustment as follows:
(a) On each anniversary of the Commencement Date during the Term, Rent shall increase by 2.0% of the Rent payable during the immediately preceding Lease year. (b) CITY and USA acknowledge that beginning January 1, 2025, certain statutory protections may apply to “qualified commercial tenants” as defined in the California Civil Code.

USA shall notify CITY in writing if USA qualifies as a “qualified commercial tenant” under applicable law, and the parties shall comply with any applicable statutory notice and rent adjustment requirements, including any required extended notice periods for rent increases or tenancy termination.

5.03 Manner of Payment. All Rent shall be paid in lawful money of the United States by check or other method reasonably acceptable to CITY, to:
(a) CITY at the address set forth in Section 21.0 below; or UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 6 OF 26
(b) Such other place or to such other account as CITY may designate in writing.

5.04 Late Payments. Any installment of Rent or other sum due from USA under this Lease not received by CITY within twenty (20) Business Days after the date when due shall be subject to:
(a) A late charge of $150.00 as liquidated damages to compensate CITY for administrative and other costs resulting from USA’s late payment, which the parties agree is a reasonable estimate of such costs and not a penalty; and (b) Interest on the overdue amount (including any late charge) from the due date until paid in full at the lesser of ten percent (10%) per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law.

5.05 Rent Net to CITY. Except as expressly provided otherwise in this Lease, this Lease is intended to be a net lease to CITY, and USA shall be responsible for all costs and expenses of operating, maintaining, and using the Premises in accordance with this Lease, subject to CITY’s express obligations under Sections 6.0 and 7.0.

5.06 Possessory Interest Taxes. USA’s leasehold interest in the Premises under this Lease constitutes a private possessory interest in publicly owned real property that is subject to taxation by the County of Del Norte (the "County") under California Revenue and Taxation Code Section 107 and related provisions (such taxes, "Possessory Interest Taxes"). Possessory Interest Taxes are assessed and billed directly to USA by the County Assessor as the holder of the possessory interest, separately from any taxes assessed against the fee interest in the Premises. CITY, as a public entity, is exempt from property taxation and has no obligation to pay Possessory Interest Taxes assessed against USA's leasehold interest.

5.06.1 USA shall be solely responsible for and shall pay all Possessory Interest Taxes levied or assessed against USA’s possessory interest in the Premises during the Term of this Lease and any extension or holdover period.

5.06.2 USA shall pay all Possessory Interest Taxes directly to the County tax collector or other appropriate taxing authority in accordance with the billing and payment procedures established by such authority. USA shall make such payments on or before the applicable delinquency date to avoid penalties and interest.

5.06.3 USA shall be solely responsible for and shall pay all penalties, interest, and collection costs imposed by the County or other taxing authority that result from:
(a) USA’s failure to timely pay Possessory Interest Taxes when due. (b) USA's failure to timely or accurately complete and file assessor questionnaires, property statements, or other required documents.
(c) USA's failure to cooperate with the County Assessor or provide requested information.
(d) Any underassessment of the possessory interest resulting from USA's inaccurate or incomplete disclosure of material facts.

5.06.4 USA's obligation to pay Possessory Interest Taxes is independent of and in addition to USA's obligation to pay Rent and all other charges under this Lease. USA shall have no right to any reduction, abatement, or offset of Rent by reason of the assessment or payment of Possessory Interest Taxes, regardless of the amount of such taxes or any change in the UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 7 OF 26
method or rate of assessment. USA waives any claim that the imposition of Possessory Interest Taxes constitutes a tax on Rent or an improper allocation of tax burden.

5.06.5 USA is solely responsible for applying for any applicable possessory interest property tax exemption that may be available to USA. CITY makes no representation regarding the applicability of any such tax exemption.

5.06.6 USA's obligations under this Section shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease with respect to any Possessory Interest Taxes, penalties, interest, or other charges that accrue or relate to the period during which USA held a possessory interest in the Premises, whether assessed before or after such expiration or termination.

6.0 CONDITION OF PREMISES; CITY WORK

6.01 Delivery Condition. USA acknowledges that:
(a) USA has had an opportunity to inspect the Premises; (b) USA accepts the Premises in their “as is,” “where is” condition with all faults as of the Commencement Date, subject only to CITY’s express covenants and warranties under this Lease; and
(c) CITY has made no representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding the condition, fitness for a particular purpose, or suitability of the Premises for USA’s intended use.

6.02 CITY Work. CITY agrees to complete the work described with reasonable particularity in Exhibit C (the “CITY Work”). CITY shall:
(a) Perform the CITY Work in a good and workmanlike manner and in compliance with applicable Laws;
(b) Use commercially reasonable efforts to complete the CITY Work by the date stated in Exhibit C, subject to delays beyond CITY’s reasonable control (including force majeure events and delays caused by USA or its contractors);
(c) Provide USA reasonable access to the Premises during completion of the CITY Work, consistent with safety and scheduling constraints.

6.03 Reimbursement for CITY Work. USA agrees to reimburse CITY for actual costs to complete the described work in Exhibit C, which shall not exceed $28,000. USA shall remit payment to CITY within 30 days of the date of the invoice(s) from CITY detailing the actual costs to complete the work. Amounts not received within 30 days will be subject to a $100 late fee and interest on the overdue amount (including any late fee) from the due date until paid in full at the lesser of ten percent (10%) per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law.

6.04 No Implied Warranties. CITY disclaims all implied warranties, including warranties of habitability, fitness for a particular purpose, and merchantability, to the fullest extent permitted by Law.

6.05 Playground Maintenance. CITY will maintain the playground and swings and play structure currently located in the playground area. The cost of maintenance and repairs to the playground, swings and play structure, including periodic replenishment of wood chips, will be UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 8 OF 26
shared equally by the Parties. USA will be responsible for the purchase of any additional playground equipment or structures.

7.0 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR BY CITY

7.01 CITY’s Obligations. Subject to reimbursement under this Lease where applicable, CITY shall maintain and repair, or cause to be maintained and repaired:
(a) The structural components of the Building, including the foundation, exterior walls (excluding damage caused to windows and doors by USA’s use or occupancy of the Premises, and the interior surface of such walls), structural floor systems, and roof structure;
(b) The Building roof membrane and weatherproofing;
(c) Major building systems serving the Premises in general, including primary HVAC, plumbing, electrical, and fire sprinkler systems, to the extent such systems are not exclusively serving USA’s equipment or specialized improvements; (d) Fixtures and appliances present when the Lease commences; and (e) Adjacent walkways, landscaping, and exterior lighting.

7.02 Standard of Performance. CITY shall perform required maintenance and repairs under this Section 7.0:
(a) In a commercially reasonable manner, consistent with the standard of comparable public or institutional buildings in the region;
(b) In compliance with applicable Laws; and
(c) Within a reasonable time after CITY’s receipt of written notice from USA describing the need for maintenance or repair, subject to emergencies, budgetary constraints, and the nature of the work required.

7.03 Interruption of Service. CITY shall use commercially reasonable efforts to minimize interference with USA’s use of the Premises in performing maintenance or repairs. USA acknowledges that:
(a) Certain maintenance or repair activities may temporarily interrupt utilities or access; and (b) CITY shall not be liable for any such interruption, so long as CITY uses reasonable efforts to schedule and perform such work in a manner that reasonably minimizes disruption to school operations and is diligently pursued to completion.

7.04 Limitations. CITY shall have no obligation to:
(a) Repair or maintain any USA-installed improvements, trade fixtures, equipment, or personal property; and
(b) Repair damage to the Premises caused by USA, its employees, students, invitees, contractors, or agents, except to the extent covered by CITY’s insurance and subject to USA’s indemnification obligations.

8.0 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR BY USA

8.01 USA’s Obligations. At its sole cost and expense, USA shall:

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 9 OF 26
(a) Maintain, repair, and keep clean, neat, safe, and in good order and condition:
(i) The interior portions of the Premises, including interior walls, ceilings, floor coverings, doors, windows (including glass and frames), interior lighting, and all finishes;
(ii) All non-structural components and elements of the Premises; (iii) USA’s fixtures, equipment, furnishings, and personal property; (iv) Any other improvements installed by or for USA; and (v) Any specialized systems or improvements installed specifically for USA’s educational use or program.
(b) Promptly repair all damage to the Premises caused by USA or its employees, students, guests, invitees, contractors, or agents, except normal wear and tear. (c) Keep the Premises in a clean, sanitary, and safe condition at all times consistent with school use.

8.02 Janitorial and Trash. USA shall:
(a) Provide all interior janitorial and cleaning services necessary for school operations, including cleaning of classrooms, offices, restrooms, and any other occupied spaces; and
(b) Provide appropriate trash and recycling receptacles, and ensure regular collection and proper disposal in compliance with Law.

8.03 Compliance With Laws. USA’s maintenance and repair obligations include compliance with all Laws applicable to the condition and use of the Premises, except to the extent such compliance is expressly allocated to CITY in this Lease.

8.04 Notice to CITY. USA shall promptly notify CITY in writing of any:
(a) Condition in the Premises that USA reasonably believes requires CITY action under Section 7.0;
(b) Material defect in any building system or structural component; or (c) Any event that reasonably could give rise to a claim against CITY or USA relating to the Premises.

8.05 Failure to Maintain. If USA fails to perform any of its maintenance or repair obligations after not less than fifteen (15) days’ prior written notice from CITY (or such longer period as may be reasonably necessary to perform the work so long as USA promptly commences and diligently pursues such performance), CITY may, but shall not be obligated to, perform such obligations for USA’s account. USA shall reimburse CITY for all reasonable, documented costs incurred in connection therewith within thirty (30) days after written demand, together with reasonable administrative costs not to exceed ten percent (10%) of such costs.

9.0 UTILITIES AND SERVICES

9.01 Utilities. USA shall, at its sole cost and expense, arrange and pay directly to the applicable providers for:
(a) Electricity, water, sewer, and any other utilities serving the Premises; UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 10 OF 26
(b) Telecommunications and data services (telephone, internet, fiber, etc.); and (c) Any additional services required by USA for school operations.

9.02 Interruption. CITY shall not be liable for any interruption or failure of utilities or services to the Premises that is not within CITY’s reasonable control. CITY shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause restoration of interrupted services within a reasonable time and to enforce its rights under utility or service contracts applicable to the Building.

9.03 Abatement of Rent. If:
(a) There is an interruption of utilities or essential services required for school operations (such as electricity, water, or sewer) that is caused by CITY’s negligence or failure to perform an express obligation under this Lease, and
(b) Such interruption continues for more than one (1) Business Day and materially and adversely affects USA’s ability to operate the school,
then, subject to any limitations under applicable law, Rent shall be abated on a daily basis (utilizing a 30-day month) from and after the second (2nd) Business Day of such interruption until such services are substantially restored; provided that USA shall have no right of abatement to the extent the interruption is caused by USA or its contractors.

10.0 ALTERATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS

10.01 USA Alterations. USA shall not make any alterations, additions, or improvements to the Premises (collectively, “Alterations”) without CITY’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed, provided that:
(a) Cosmetic, non-structural alterations not affecting building systems may be made without CITY’s prior consent, upon at least ten (10) Business Days’ prior written notice describing the scope and schedule of the work; and
(b) All structural alterations or those affecting building systems shall require CITY’s prior written consent in all cases.

10.02 Conditions of Approval. Any Alterations by or on behalf of USA shall:
(a) Be performed at USA’s sole cost and expense;
(b) Be performed by qualified, properly licensed contractors; (c) Comply with all applicable Laws, including building codes, accessibility standards, and prevailing wage requirements if applicable by law;
(d) Not impair the structural integrity or building systems of the Premises; (e) Not unreasonably interfere with the operation of the Building; (f) Be performed in a good and workmanlike manner, using new materials of quality reasonably consistent with or better than the existing improvements.

10.03 Plans and Permits. For any Alterations requiring CITY consent, USA shall:
(a) Submit to CITY for review and approval detailed plans and specifications; (b) Obtain and maintain, at USA’s expense, all required permits and approvals from governmental authorities; and
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 11 OF 26
(c) Provide evidence of required insurance, including builder’s risk and contractor’s liability coverage, naming CITY as an additional insured.

10.04 Ownership of Alterations. Unless otherwise agreed in writing:
(a) All Alterations (other than USA’s trade fixtures, furnishings, and equipment that are readily removable without damage to the Premises) shall become the property of CITY upon installation and shall remain upon and be surrendered with the Premises at the end of the Term without compensation to USA; and
(b) CITY may, as a condition of its consent, require USA to remove any particular Alteration at the end of the Term and restore the Premises to its prior condition, normal wear and tear excepted.

10.05 Mechanics’ Liens. USA shall:
(a) Keep the Premises and Property free from any mechanics’, materialmen’s, or other liens arising out of or relating to USA’s Alterations or other work; (b) Cause any such lien to be released or bonded within thirty (30) days after USA’s receipt of notice thereof; and
(c) Indemnify and hold CITY harmless from and against any such liens and related claims, costs, and expenses, except to the extent arising from CITY’s acts or omissions.

11.0 INSURANCE

11.01 USA’s Insurance. Throughout the Term, USA shall, at its sole expense, maintain the following insurance coverages:
(a) COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY (CGL).Commercial general liability insurance written on an occurrence basis, with limits of not less than $2 million per occurrence and $4 million aggregate, or such higher limits as CITY may reasonably require from time to time based on comparable educational facility practices, covering bodily injury (including death), personal injury, and property damage, including contractual liability coverage for USA’s indemnification obligations under this Lease.
(b) PROPERTY INSURANCE. Property insurance on a special causes of loss (formerly “all risk”) basis insuring USA’s personal property, trade fixtures, equipment, and any Alterations installed by or for USA to the extent of USA’s insurable interest, in an amount not less than the full replacement cost thereof, with any deductible reasonably acceptable to CITY.
(c) WORKERS’ COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYER’S LIABILITY. Workers’ compensation insurance as required by California law and employer’s liability insurance with limits of not less than $1 million each accident, each employee, and policy limit. (d) If USA maintains broader coverage and/or higher limits than the minimum shown above, CITY requires and shall be entitled to the broader coverage and/or the higher limits maintained by the Lessee. Any available insurance proceeds in excess of the specified minimum limits of insurance and coverage shall be available to CITY.

11.02 CITY’s Insurance. CITY shall maintain property insurance covering the Building and structural components of the Premises (excluding USA’s Alterations and personal property), in UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 12 OF 26
such amounts and with such deductibles and coverage terms as CITY reasonably determines consistent with public entity standards.

11.03 Policy Requirements. All insurance required of USA shall:
(a) Be issued by insurers licensed to do business in California and having an A.M. Best rating of at least A: VII or better;
(b) Name CITY, and at CITY’s request, its elected and appointed officials, officers, employees, and agents as additional insureds under USA’s commercial general liability policy, on a form reasonably acceptable to CITY;
(c) Be primary and noncontributory with respect to any insurance maintained by CITY, to the extent permitted by law;
(d) Contain a waiver of subrogation in favor of CITY where available on commercially reasonable terms.

11.04 Certificates. Prior to the Commencement Date and at each policy renewal, USA shall deliver to CITY certificates of insurance (and, upon request, copies of endorsements) evidencing the required coverages and additional insured status.

11.05 Failure to Maintain. USA’s failure to maintain required insurance or deliver evidence thereof shall constitute a material default. CITY may, but shall not be obligated to, obtain such insurance on USA’s behalf, and USA shall reimburse CITY for the cost thereof as Additional Rent within thirty (30) days after written demand.

12.0 INDEMNIFICATION; WAIVER OF CLAIMS

12.01 USA’s Indemnity. To the fullest extent permitted by law, USA shall indemnify, defend (with counsel reasonably acceptable to CITY), and hold harmless CITY and its elected and appointed officials, officers, employees, agents, and representatives (collectively, the “CITY Indemnitees”) from and against any and all claims, demands, actions, damages, losses, liabilities, costs, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) arising from or related to:
(a) USA’s use or occupancy of the Premises;
(b) The conduct of USA’s operations, including educational, administrative, and extracurricular activities;
(c) Any act or omission of USA or its employees, students, invitees, licensees, contractors, or agents;
(d) USA’s breach of this Lease; or
(e) Any violation by USA of any Laws.

This indemnity shall not apply to the extent any such claims, damages, or liabilities are caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of any CITY Indemnitee.

12.02 CITY’s Indemnity. To the fullest extent permitted by law, CITY shall indemnify, defend (with counsel reasonably acceptable to USA), and hold harmless USA and its directors, officers, employees, and agents (collectively, the “USA Indemnitees”) from and against any and all claims, demands, actions, damages, losses, liabilities, costs, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) arising from or related to:

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 13 OF 26
(a) Any gross negligence or willful misconduct of CITY or its employees, contractors, or agents in connection with the Premises; or
(b) Use of the playground by the public during non-school hours or activities; (c) CITY’s material breach of this Lease;
(d) except to the extent arising from the negligence or willful misconduct of USA or its affiliates.

12.03 Limitations. The indemnification obligations in this Section are intended to comply with applicable restrictions on indemnification by public entities and nonprofit organizations and shall be interpreted accordingly so as not to exceed such statutory or constitutional limitations.

13.0 DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION

13.01 Notice of Casualty. If the Premises or any part thereof is damaged or destroyed by fire or other casualty (a “Casualty”), USA shall promptly notify CITY in writing, describing the nature and extent of the damage to the extent known.

13.02 Extent of Damage; CITY’s Election. Within a reasonable time after a Casualty, CITY shall notify USA whether, in CITY’s reasonable judgment, based on information then available:
(a) The Premises can be restored to substantially their prior condition within one hundred eighty (180) days after commencement of restoration work, subject to force majeure and delays in obtaining permits and insurance proceeds (“Repairable Casualty”); or (b) The Premises cannot be so restored within such period, or CITY elects not to restore due to the extent of the damage, cost in relation to insured value, or other material factors (“Non-Repairable Casualty”).

13.03 Repairable Casualty. In the case of a Repairable Casualty:
(a) CITY shall, at its expense (to the extent of insurance proceeds and any other available funds), use commercially reasonable efforts to restore the structural components of the Premises and any CITY improvements to substantially the condition existing immediately prior to the Casualty, subject to then-current building code and legal requirements; (b) USA shall, at its expense, repair or replace its Alterations, trade fixtures, equipment, furnishings, and personal property, and shall cooperate with CITY regarding timing and coordination of such work;
(c) Rent shall be equitably abated from and after the date of the Casualty in proportion to the extent that the damage materially impairs USA’s ability to use the Premises for the Permitted Use, until the earlier of:
(i) Substantial completion of CITY’s restoration work; or (ii) The date USA reoccupies the affected portion of the Premises for normal school operations.

13.04 Non-Repairable Casualty or Failure to Restore. In the case of a Non-Repairable Casualty:
(a) CITY may elect to terminate this Lease by written notice to USA given within sixty (60) days after CITY’s Casualty notice, in which event this Lease shall terminate as of the date specified in such notice, which shall not be earlier than thirty (30) days nor later than one hundred eighty (180) days after such notice;
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 14 OF 26
(b) If CITY does not elect to terminate this Lease, CITY shall proceed with restoration as for a Repairable Casualty, subject to availability of insurance proceeds and financing, and Rent abatement shall apply based on a proportionate reduction in rent, measured daily using a 30-day month, for each day that the Premises cannot be utilized for it s intended purpose.

13.05 Termination by USA. Notwithstanding the foregoing, USA may elect to terminate this Lease by written notice delivered to CITY if:
(a) A Casualty results in substantial damage to the Premises that materially impairs USA’s ability to operate the school, and
(b) CITY’s reasonable estimate (based on information then available) indicates that restoration of the Premises to a condition reasonably suitable for resumption of school operations will not be completed within ninety (90) days after the date of the Casualty, or by a date that would prevent USA from operating during the next full school year, taking into account the school calendar and reasonable planning needs; provided that USA delivers such notice within thirty (30) days after CITY’s notice under Section 13.02.

13.06 Insurance Proceeds. All insurance proceeds payable under CITY’s property insurance shall belong to CITY, and all insurance proceeds payable under USA’s property insurance shall belong to USA. To the extent this Lease requires restoration, both parties shall make such proceeds available to fund the required work, consistent with their respective obligations under this Lease.

13.07 No Damages for Inconvenience. Except as expressly provided in this Section 13.0, neither party shall have any claim against the other for any damages suffered as the result of a Casualty or any related restoration work, including without limitation loss of use or business interruption, except to the extent arising from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the other party.

14.0 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING

14.01 Restriction on Transfers. USA shall not assign, sublease, license, mortgage, pledge, or otherwise transfer (collectively, “Transfer”) all or any part of its interest in this Lease or the Premises, whether voluntarily, involuntarily, by operation of law, or otherwise, without CITY’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed, subject to the specific provisions of this Section 14.0.

14.02 Conditions to CITY Consent. In considering any proposed Transfer requiring CITY’s consent, CITY may reasonably require:
(a) Evidence that the proposed transferee is financially and operationally capable of performing USA’s obligations under this Lease;
(b) Evidence that the proposed transferee holds or will hold a valid charter or other educational authorization consistent with the Permitted Use, if the transferee will operate a school at the Premises;
(c) Execution by the transferee of a written assumption agreement, in form reasonably satisfactory to CITY, whereby the transferee assumes all of USA’s obligations under this Lease with respect to the transferred interest;
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 15 OF 26
(d) Receipt by CITY of any required approvals from bondholders, grantors, or other third parties, if applicable.

14.03 No Release. Except as otherwise expressly agreed in writing by CITY, no Transfer shall release USA from any of its obligations under this Lease, and USA shall remain jointly and severally liable with any transferee for the full performance of this Lease.

14.04 Prohibited Transfers. Any Transfer in violation of this Section 14.0 shall be voidable at CITY’s election and shall constitute a material default under this Lease.

15.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

15.01 Definition of Hazardous Materials. “Hazardous Materials” means any substances, materials, or wastes regulated or defined as hazardous, toxic, dangerous, or as a pollutant or contaminant under any applicable federal, state, or local environmental law, including but not limited to petroleum products, asbestos, PCBs, lead-based paint, and any substance which, if released into the environment, may require investigation, remediation, or other response under environmental laws.

15.02 USA’s Use of Hazardous Materials. USA shall not use, generate, manufacture, store, or dispose of any Hazardous Materials on, under, or about the Premises, except:
(a) De minimis quantities of customary cleaning supplies and office, classroom, or maintenance materials used in the ordinary course of school operations, provided such materials are used, stored, handled, and disposed of in compliance with all Laws; and (b) Any materials approved in writing by CITY and used in compliance with Laws.

15.03 USA’s Environmental Obligations. USA shall:
(a) Comply with all environmental Laws relating to its use and occupancy of the Premises; (b) Promptly notify CITY of any release or suspected release of Hazardous Materials on or about the Premises involving USA or of which USA becomes aware; (c) Promptly remediate, at its expense, any Contamination (as defined by applicable law) caused by USA or its employees, contractors, students, or invitees, to the extent required by Law and in accordance with a remediation plan approved by CITY and the appropriate governmental authorities.

15.04 Pre-Existing Conditions. CITY shall be responsible, at its cost (subject to insurance and applicable third-party responsibility), for investigation and remediation of any Hazardous Materials present on or under the Premises as of the Commencement Date, unless released or exacerbated by USA.

15.05 Indemnity. USA shall indemnify, defend, and hold CITY harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, liabilities, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) arising out of or related to USA’s violation of environmental Laws or its use of Hazardous Materials, except to the extent resulting from the negligence or willful misconduct of CITY or pre-existing conditions not caused or exacerbated by USA.

16.0 DEFAULT AND REMEDIES

16.01 Events of Default by USA. Each of the following shall constitute an “Event of Default” by USA:

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 16 OF 26

16.01.1 Failure to pay any installment of Rent or other sum due hereunder within five (5) Business Days after written notice from CITY that such amount is past due, provided that CITY shall not be required to provide more than two (2) such notices in any twelve (12) month period, after which USA shall be in default without further notice if payment is not made when due;

16.01.2 Failure to perform any other material covenant, condition, or obligation under this Lease, which failure continues for thirty (30) days after written notice from CITY specifying the nature of the default; provided that if such failure cannot reasonably be cured within thirty (30) days, USA shall not be in default so long as USA commences cure within such period and diligently pursues such cure to completion;

16.01.3 Abandonment or vacating of the Premises for more than sixty (60) consecutive days during the school year without CITY’s written consent, except for temporary closures required by law or public health orders;

16.01.4 Revocation, non-renewal, or material limitation of USA’s Charter, where such event is not cured or reversed and USA does not obtain a replacement charter within the period specified in Section 4.04(c);

16.01.5 The appointment of a receiver for USA or a substantial portion of its assets, or the commencement by or against USA of any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding which is not dismissed within ninety (90) days, unless prohibited by applicable law from constituting a default.

16.02 CITY’s Remedies. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default by USA and expiration of any applicable cure period, CITY may, subject to applicable law, exercise any or all of the following remedies:

16.02.1 Terminate this Lease by written notice to USA, in which event USA shall immediately surrender possession of the Premises, and CITY may recover from USA all damages permitted by law, including (to the extent permitted by California Civil Code section 1951.2) the worth at the time of award of:
(a) The unpaid Rent earned at the time of termination;
(b) The amount by which the unpaid Rent that would have been earned after termination until the time of award exceeds the amount of such Rent loss that USA proves could have been reasonably avoided; and
(c) The amount by which the unpaid Rent for the balance of the Term after the time of award exceeds the amount of such Rent loss that USA proves could have been reasonably avoided;

16.02.2 Continue this Lease in effect and enforce all rights and remedies under this Lease and under California Civil Code section 1951.4 (CITY may continue the lease in effect after USA’s breach and abandonment and recover Rent as it becomes due, subject to CITY’s duty, if any, to mitigate);

16.02.3 Re-enter and take possession of the Premises, remove USA and any persons or property, in accordance with applicable unlawful detainer and other laws governing possession, without terminating this Lease, and relet the Premises on USA’s behalf, in which event USA shall remain liable for all Rent and other obligations, less any net rents received by CITY from reletting.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 17 OF 26

16.03 Mitigation. CITY shall use commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate its damages following any Event of Default by USA, consistent with its obligations as a public entity and CITY under applicable law.

16.04 Events of Default by CITY; USA’s Remedies. If CITY fails to perform any of its material obligations under this Lease and such failure continues for thirty (30) days after written notice from USA (or such longer period as may be reasonably necessary to cure, provided CITY commences cure within such period and diligently pursues such cure):

16.04.1 USA may pursue any remedies available at law or in equity, subject to limitations on damages and claims against public entities under the California Government Claims Act and other applicable statutes; and

16.04.2 USA shall have no right to terminate this Lease for CITY’s default except as expressly provided in this Lease, unless otherwise required by law or ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction.

17.0 QUIET ENJOYMENT

17.01 Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment. CITY covenants that, so long as USA is not in default under this Lease beyond any applicable cure period, USA shall have the peaceful and quiet use and enjoyment of the Premises for the Permitted Use, subject to the terms and conditions of this Lease and any matters of record to which this Lease is subordinate.

17.02 Public Use and Access. CITY reserves the right to permit reasonable public access to the Premises for official inspections, emergency response, and other governmental purposes consistent with USA’s right to quiet enjoyment and applicable student privacy and safety requirements, provided that:

17.02.1 Except in emergencies, CITY shall provide USA with reasonable prior notice and coordinate access so as not to materially interfere with classroom instruction or school operations; and

17.02.2 CITY’s rights shall be exercised in compliance with all applicable Laws relating to student privacy, safety, and security.

18.0 RESERVED RIGHTS OF CITY

18.01 Reservation of Rights. In addition to all other rights reserved to CITY under this Lease and by law, CITY reserves the right, upon reasonable prior notice to USA (except in emergencies), to:

18.01.1 Enter the Premises at reasonable times to inspect, repair, maintain, or improve the Premises or Building systems, or to show the Premises to prospective purchasers, USAs, or lenders, provided such entry does not unreasonably interfere with school operations;

18.01.2 Make changes, additions, or improvements to the Property outside the Premises (e.g., parking, driveways, landscaping), so long as such changes do not materially and adversely affect USA’s access to or use of the Premises for the Permitted Use;

18.01.3 Install, maintain, and relocate utility lines, conduits, and other facilities in, on, or under the Premises, as reasonably necessary to serve the Premises or adjacent properties, subject to minimizing disruption to USA’s operations.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 18 OF 26

19.0 SURRENDER OF PREMISES

19.01 Condition on Surrender. Upon expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, USA shall:

19.01.1 Vacate and surrender possession of the Premises to CITY in good order and condition, ordinary wear and tear and casualty damage excepted, consistent with USA’s maintenance obligations under this Lease;

19.01.2 Remove all of USA’s personal property, trade fixtures, and equipment and any Alterations that CITY has specifically required USA to remove, and repair any damage caused by such removal;

19.01.3 Leave the Premises broom-clean, with all trash and debris removed.

19.02 Failure to Surrender. If USA fails to surrender the Premises in the required condition, CITY may perform necessary cleaning, removal, and restoration work at USA’s expense, and USA shall reimburse CITY as Additional Rent within thirty (30) days after written demand.

20.0 RELATIONSHIP TO CHARTER; EDUCATIONAL AUTONOMY

20.01 Educational Autonomy. CITY acknowledges that USA is a charter school with autonomy over its educational program and internal operations subject to the Charter and applicable law.

Nothing in this Lease is intended to give CITY authority to control or direct USA’s curriculum, staffing, or educational decisions, except to the extent necessary to enforce CITY’s rights as property owner and lessor.

20.02 No Charter Authority. CITY is not the Charter Authorizer (unless specifically identified as such elsewhere in this Lease), and this Lease does not confer upon CITY any authority or obligation to oversee or enforce USA’s compliance with charter school laws, except as expressly stated herein, nor does this Lease limit the rights or duties of the Charter Authorizer.

21.0 NOTICES

21.01 Notices. All notices, demands, requests, consents, approvals, and other communications (collectively, “Notices”) under this Lease shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given if:
(a) Delivered personally;
(b) Sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, charges prepaid; (c) Sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid; or (d) Sent by email with confirmation of transmission and followed by one of the foregoing methods, in each case addressed as follows (or to such other address as either party may designate by written Notice to the other):
(i) If to CITY:

City of Crescent City
Attn: City Manager
377 J Street
Crescent City, CA 95531
Email: [email protected]
(ii) If to USA:

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 19 OF 26
Uncharted Shores Academy
Attention: Dan Cartwright, Exec. Dir.
330 E Street
Crescent City, CA 95531
Email: [email protected]

21.02 Effective Date. Notices shall be deemed received:
(a) On the date of personal delivery;
(b) On the next Business Day after deposit with an overnight courier; (c) On the third Business Day after deposit in the United States mail as certified mail; (d) On the date of email transmission if sent during normal business hours on a Business Day, or on the next Business Day if sent after business hours or on a non-Business Day, provided that a hard copy is also sent by one of the above methods.

22.0 MISCELLANEOUS

22.01 Governing Law. This Lease shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without regard to its conflicts of law principles.

22.02 Venue. Any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Lease shall be brought in a state or federal court of competent jurisdiction located in or for the County of Del Norte, State of California.

22.03 Entire Agreement; Amendments. This Lease, together with its exhibits, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous agreements, representations, and understandings, whether written or oral. This Lease may be amended only by a written instrument executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties, subject to any applicable legal requirements for approval of municipal contracts.

22.04 No Waiver. No provision of this Lease shall be deemed waived by either party unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the waiving party. The waiver of any breach of any provision shall not be deemed a waiver of any subsequent breach.

22.05 Severability. If any provision of this Lease is held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect, and the invalid provision shall be construed, if possible, so as to achieve the intent of the parties to the fullest extent permitted by law.

22.06 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. Except as expressly provided in this Lease, nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any person or entity other than the parties and their permitted successors and assigns any rights or remedies.

22.07 Counterparts; Electronic Signatures. This Lease may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Signatures transmitted electronically or by facsimile shall be deemed original signatures for all purposes.

22.08 Authority. Each party represents and warrants that:
(a) It has full power and authority to enter into and perform this Lease; UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 20 OF 26
(b) The individual(s) executing this Lease on its behalf are duly authorized to do so; (c) This Lease has been duly approved in accordance with applicable laws and internal procedures, including any required approvals by the city council, school board, or governing body.

22.09 Time of Essence. Time is of the essence with respect to all obligations under this Lease for which time is expressly stated or reasonably implied to be a material element.

22.10 Government Claims Act. Nothing in this Lease shall be deemed a waiver of any immunities, defenses, limitations of liability, or procedural requirements (such as claims presentation requirements) that are available to CITY or USA under the California Government Claims Act or other applicable laws.

22.11 Non-Discrimination. In its use and occupancy of the Premises, USA shall comply with all applicable non-discrimination laws and policies, including those relating to equal access to educational programs and services without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, national origin, ancestry, disability, or any other status protected by law.

22.12 Conflict with Applicable Laws. If any provision of this Lease is determined to conflict with a mandatory requirement of the California Education Code or other applicable law governing charter schools or municipal property, the applicable law shall control, and the parties shall meet and confer in good faith to amend this Lease to conform to such law while preserving, to the maximum extent possible, the original intent of the parties.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have caused this Lease to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the Effective Date.

CITY OF CRESCENT CITY, a California municipal corporation (CITY) _________________________________ Date: ___________________________ Eric Wier, City Manager
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_______________________________
Martha D. Rice, City Attorney
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY, a California nonprofit public benefit corporation (USA) _________________________________ Date: ____________________________ By: Dan Cartwright, Executive Director
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 21 OF 26
A notary public or other officer completing this certificate verifies only the identity of the individual who signed the document to which this certificate is attached, and not the truthfulness, accuracy, or validity of that document.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )

COUNTY OF DEL NORTE )
On ____________________, 2026, before me, _____________________________________, Notary Public, personally appeared ___________________________________________, who proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

I certify under PENALTY OF PERJURY under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct.

WITNESS my hand and official seal.
____________________________________
Signature
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE PAGE 22 OF 26
A notary public or other officer completing this certificate verifies only the identity of the individual who signed the document to which this certificate is attached, and not the truthfulness, accuracy, or validity of that document.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF _____________________)
On ____________________, 2026, before me, _____________________________________, Notary Public, personally appeared ___________________________________________, who proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

I certify under PENALTY OF PERJURY under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct.

WITNESS my hand and official seal.
____________________________________
Signature
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE - EXHIBIT A PAGE A-1

EXHIBIT A
Description of Leased Property
475 7th Street, Crescent City, CA 95531 [APN 118-020-040]: All that area depicted within the white lines described as follows:

Beginning at the Northwest Property Corner of APN 118-020-040 and running northeasterly along the property line to the Northeast Building Corner, then southeasterly following the footprint of the building to the Southernmost Southeastern Building Corner, then southwesterly along the fence line to the property line on D Street, and then following the fence line enclosing the playground north back to the Northwest Property Corner.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE - EXHIBIT A PAGE A-1
UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE - EXHIBIT B PAGE B-1

EXHIBIT B
Description of Premises and Site Plan
Description of Building(s) and improvements included in the Premises.

1. 3,120 square foot classroom/office building

2. 11,000 square foot playground with swing set and play structure

3. 200 square foot shed on playground
*Square footage is approximate.

UNCHARTED SHORES ACADEMY LEASE - EXHIBIT C PAGE C-1

EXHIBIT C
CITY Work
CITY will perform the following work as soon as practicable after the execution of the Lease Agreement:

1. Procure and install two exterior doors with lever style handle hardware on the 7th Street side of the building (highlighted in blue).

2. Procure and install lever style handle hardware on the two exterior doors on the park side of the building (highlighted in blue with a red strikethrough).

3. Procure and install 5 interior doors with lever style handle hardware (highlighted in pink).

4. Construct new interior walls to create a conference room as requested by USA (highlighted in yellow).

The below drawing depicts the intent of the Parties relating to the above-described work.

CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
TO: MAYOR WRIGHT AND MEMBERS OF THE CITY COUNCIL
FROM: ERIC WIER, CITY MANAGER
BY: DAVID YEAGER, PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTOR
DATE: JUNE 15, 2026
SUBJECT: STORM DRAIN MASTER PLAN
______________________________________________________________________

RECOMMENDATION
• Hear staff report
• Technical questions from the Council
• Receive public comment
• Further Council discussion
• Approve and adopt Resolution No. 2026-51, A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Crescent Approving the Storm Drain Master Plan Prepared by GHD Inc.
• Receive and approve the GHD Technical Memorandum – Extreme Event October 13, 2025, analysis

BACKGROUND
The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program is a federally funded program through the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The principal objective of CDBG is the development of viable urban communities by providing decent housing and a suitable living environment, and by expanding economic opportunities, principally for persons of low-and moderate-income.

As a non-entitlement jurisdiction (cities with population less than 50,000 and counties with populations less than 200,000), Crescent City applies for CDBG program funding through the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). HCD receives funding from the federal government and released a Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) to invite applications from jurisdictions within California on April 19, 2022.

The City applied for and was awarded $250,000 in CDBG grant funding under this NOFA for the Storm Drain Master Plan (SDMP) on June 22, 2023. On October 2, 2023, the City entered into a grant agreement with HCD for the Storm Drain Master Plan and executed a Professional Services Agreement with GHD to begin work on the project.

Storm Drain Master Plan
June 15, 2026
2 ITEM ANALYSIS
GDH has concluded their storm drain analysis and has presented the City with the attached Storm Drain Master Plan dated May 7, 2026. The Plan analyzes the entire City’s storm drain system including inlets, manholes, and piping, and has created storm drain groups for each storm drain outfall. Once all the existing system sizes and drainage areas were placed within the model, GHD was able to analyze the areas contained within each watershed, described in the report as a grouping.

The standard analysis looked at impacts to the system utilizing a 10-year rain event as the standard. When these 10-year rain events were run through each storm drain grouping, potential flooding zones were predicted. From these flooding maps, a project list was created and prioritized. The details of each potential project included the upsizing of the piping required to eliminate potential flooding. In some cases, additional piping was included in the project.

The provided Storm Drain Master Plan will act as a guide for City staff to make future improvements to the storm drain system. It will also provide the documentation necessary for future grant requests to make these improvements.

An amendment to GHD’s contract utilizing the storm drain system model created to produce the Master Plan was finalized on March 9, 2026. The amendment included a request for deeper analysis of the October 13, 2025 extreme rain event when the downtown area received up to 2.5-3.0 inches of rain within a two-hour time frame.

Additionally, the City requested GHD to analyze the storm drain piping size for the current construction project on Front and K Streets, as well as analyze the design for a future 3 rd
Street downtown project. GHD was able to update their model to include the proposed storm drain piping sizes and confirm the pipe sizing is adequate before placement. This additional analysis has been submitted as the attached Technical Memorandum – Extreme Event October 13, 2025, analysis.

City staff recommends Council receive and approve this Storm Drain Master Plan so it can be used as an asset for future improvements to the City.

FISCAL ANALYSIS
The Storm Drain Master Plan provided by GHD was fully funded with the Community Development Block Grant. Amendment 1 was funded with SB1 funds for the K Street and 3rd Street portions and with RMAP funds for the extreme event analysis.

No additional funds are required.

STRATEGIC PLAN ASSESSMENT
Storm Drain Master Plan
June 15, 2026
3 GOAL 1: SUPPORT QUALITY SERVICES, COMMUNITY SAFETY, AND HEALTH TO

ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND EXPERIENCE OF OUR RESIDENTS AND

VISITORS
D. Provide and maintain an efficient, adequate infrastructure to provide for both current and future community needs
GOAL 2: PROMOTE A THRIVING LOCAL ECONOMY
A. Evaluate and optimize additional revenue sources
F. Plan and prepare for the growth and future needs of the Crescent City community by:
• Expanding on the success of grant funding by maximizing utilization of opportunities with corresponding community needs.

ATTACHMENTS

1. Resolution No. 2026-51 Approving the Storm Drain Master Plan Prepared by GHD Inc.

2. Extreme Event October 13, 2025 Analysis
CITY OF CRESCENT CITY RESOLUTION NO. 2026-51 Page 1
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-51

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CRESCENT CITY APPROVING THE STORM DRAIN MASTER PLAN PREPARED BY GHD INC.

WHEREAS, the City applied for and received Community Development Block Grant funding for the development of a Storm Drain Master Plan; and
WHEREAS, following a publicly advertised Request for Proposals (RFP), the City selected GHD Inc. to perform the Storm Drain Master Plan; and
WHEREAS, the purpose of the Storm Drain Master Plan is to evaluate the performance of the existing storm drain system under current and future conditions, identify locations and causes of flooding, and develop a prioritized Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that supports the phasing and sequencing of capital planning and implementation; and WHEREAS, the overall objective of the Storm Drain Master Plan is to support investment decisions that reduce flood risk and improve storm drain system reliability; and WHEREAS, having an approved Storm Drain Master Plan is key to obtaining future grants to make the improvements contained within the Plan’s Capital Improvement Program.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Crescent City, State of California that:

1. The Storm Drain Master Plan dated May 7, 2026 prepared by GHD Inc. is hereby approved.

2. Staff are directed to submit the Storm Drain Master Plan to the granting agency in compliance with grant requirements.

PASSED AND ADOPTED and made effective the same day by the City Council of the City of Crescent City at a regular meeting thereof held this 15th day of June 2026, by the following polled vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:
_____________________________
Isaiah Wright, Mayor
ATTEST:
__________________________
Robin Altman, City Clerk
Crescent City Storm
Drain Master Plan

City Of Crescent City
May 07, 2026
The Power of Commitment
The Power of Commitment
Project name Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan
Document title Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan |
Project number 12588710
File name 12588710-working-Crescent_City_SDMP-DRAFT.docx Status
Code
Revision Author Reviewer Approved for issue
Name Signature Name Signature Date
S3 3 A. Garabedian P. Sullivan
S4 A. Garabedian P. Sullivan 4/30/2026
S4 A. Garabedian A. Shows 5/1/2026
S4 A. Garabedian B. Vivyan 5/7/2026
GHD
Contact: Amber Shows, Project Manager
718 Third Street
Eureka, California 95501, United States
T +1 707 443 8326 | E [email protected] | ghd.com © GHD 2026
This document is and shall remain the property of GHD. The document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan i Executive Summary
The Storm Drain Master Plan (SDMP) provides Crescent City with a comprehensive assessment of existing stormwater system performance, drainage deficiencies, and guidance of long‑term capital investment decisions. The Plan was developed to reduce flooding risks, protect public health and safety, and enhance resilience to increasing precipitation intensity and tidal influence. The analyses and recommendations presented in this plan are based on extensive field data collection, hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) modeling, and a prioritization framework.

This report is subject to, and must be read in conjunction with, the limitations set out in Section 1.2 (Scope and Limitations) and the assumptions and qualifications contained throughout the report.

Background and Purpose
Crescent City is situated within a highly dynamic coastal environment and experiences some of the highest average annual precipitation totals in California. Much of the City’s storm drain infrastructure was constructed incrementally over the past several decades, often as part of roadway or site‑specific improvements rather than as an integrated drainage system. As a result, portions of the system are undersized, aging, or tidally constrained, leading to recurrent flooding along critical transportation corridors, in residential and commercial neighborhoods, and near publicly accessible facilities.

The purpose of this Storm Drain Master Plan is to evaluate the performance of the existing storm drain system under current and future conditions, identify locations and causes of flooding, and develop a prioritized Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that supports the phasing and sequencing of capital planning and implementation. The overall objective of the SDMP is to support investment decisions that reduce flood risk and improve storm drain system reliability.

Approach and Methodology
The SDMP was developed using an integrated approach that included data collection, H&H modeling, systemwide evaluation, project development, and prioritization and phasing. Key elements of the approach included:
– Data Collection: Field surveys were conducted to inventory and assess approximately 67,000 linear feet of storm drain pipe, 405 drainage inlets, 67 manholes, and 10 outfalls. Data collection included verification of infrastructure location, depth, material, condition, and outfall characteristics, as well as confirmation of watershed boundaries and surface flow routing.
– Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling: A PCSWMM model was developed to simulate existing and proposed drainage conditions (based on proposed CIPs) throughout the City. The model incorporates both one‑dimensional (pipe/junction) and two‑dimensional (surface flooding) analyses to evaluate flood extent, depth, duration, and volume. Existing and future conditions were evaluated using the 2‑, 10‑, and 50‑year, 24‑hour SCS Type IA design storms based on NOAA Atlas 14 precipitation data, with tidal boundary conditions applied at coastal outfalls. Climate change projections were incorporated to assess mid‑century and late‑century increases in precipitation intensity.
– Drainage Deficiency Analysis: Flooding locations and capacity‑limited infrastructure were identified and grouped into ten drainage groups based on downstream outfall connectivity. These findings informed development of an idealized hydraulic solution and subsequent CIP development. – Capital Improvement Project Development: Potential CIPs were developed to address identified deficiencies through conveyance upgrades, inlet enhancements, surface flow relief, outfall improvements, and detention or storage where feasible.
– Prioritization and Phasing: CIPs were evaluated using a weighted prioritization framework addressing public safety, property impacts, infrastructure condition, regulatory complexity, feasibility, water quality, and trash capture opportunities.

Drainage Deficiency Analysis Results
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan ii The drainage deficiency analysis confirms that flooding in Crescent City is driven by a combination of flat coastal topography, tidally influenced outfalls, undersized or deteriorating infrastructure, and increasingly intense rainfall.

Under existing conditions, flooding is concentrated in low‑lying areas, along Highway 101 and other major arterials, and within older residential and commercial neighborhoods with limited drainage capacity. Modeled results indicate that flood extent, depth, and duration increase notably under larger storm events and future climate projections.

The drainage deficiency analysis identified capacity constraints and operational issues across all ten drainage groups, with significant flooding in Drainage Groups 5, 4, 2, and 3. These areas include drainage infrastructure assessed to be in emerging or critical condition and exhibit recurring flooding near critical roadways and dense development.

Capital Improvement Projects and Costs
The SDMP identifies a set of Capital Improvement Projects organized by drainage group. Proposed improvements collectively provide substantial reductions in modeled flooding under present‑day design storms and meaningful resilience benefits under future climate scenarios. Planning‑level opinions of probable cost were developed for each CIP, including construction, engineering and construction management, and anticipated environmental compliance and permitting.

The total program‑level Class V cost for implementation of all recommended CIPs is $53,000,000, reflecting the extent of infrastructure upgrades required to achieve the desired level of service across the City. These estimates establish a reasonable planning foundation for budgeting, grant applications, and coordination with funding agencies.

Prioritization and Recommended Phasing
Based on the prioritization analysis, drainage groups were classified into High, Medium, and Low priority categories to support strategic sequencing of capital investments:
– High Priority: Drainage Groups 5, 4, 2, and 3, which affect critical access routes, experience extensive flooding near homes and businesses, and contain aging infrastructure in poor condition. – Medium Priority: Drainage Groups 8, 9, 10, and 1, where flooding impacts are more localized but improvements still provide measurable risk reduction and asset renewal benefits. – Low Priority: Drainage Groups 6 and 7, which experience limited flooding and fewer impacts to critical facilities or transportation corridors.

A phased implementation strategy was developed to account for hydraulic interdependencies, constructability, and regulatory complexity. Near‑term (Phase A) projects focus on downstream improvements that increase system capacity and provide the greatest systemwide benefit, followed by mid‑term (Phase B) and long‑term (Phase C) projects as funding and coordination allow.

Conclusions
This Storm Drain Master Plan provides Crescent City with a framework to reduce flood risk, improve stormwater system performance, and plan for future climate conditions. The Plan integrates robust technical analysis with implementation guidance and establishes a prioritized and phased set of CIPs for capital investment. As projects advance, continued coordination with regulatory agencies, refinement of cost estimates, and periodic updates to the SDMP are recommended to incorporate new data, completed improvements, and evolving community needs.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan iii Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Purpose 2

1.2 Scope and Limitations 3

1.3 Assumptions 3

2. Project Background 3

2.1 Summary of Existing Storm Drain System 3

2.2 Regulatory Requirements 4

2.2.1 NPDES Phase II MS4 Permit 4

2.2.2 Trash Capture 5

3. Equity Analysis 6

4. Data Collection Field Surveys 7

5. Computational Model Development 7

6. Drainage Deficiency Analysis of Existing Conditions 8

6.1 Overview of Flooding 8

6.2 Summary of Systemwide Performance 10

6.3 Summary of Flooding by Drainage Group 11

6.3.1 Drainage Group 1 12

6.3.2 Drainage Group 2 13

6.3.3 Drainage Group 3 15

6.3.4 Drainage Group 4 17

6.3.5 Drainage Group 5 20

6.3.6 Drainage Group 6 21

6.3.7 Drainage Group 7 23

6.3.8 Drainage Group 8 24

6.3.9 Drainage Group 9 25

6.3.10 Drainage Group 10 27

6.4 Deficiency Analysis 28

6.4.1 Approach 28

6.4.2 Idealized Solution and Limitations 28

7. Development of Potential Capital Improvement Projects (CIP) 29

7.1 Approach to CIP Development 29

7.2 Types of Drainage Improvements Considered 29

7.3 Environmental Compliance and Permitting 29

7.4 Potential Capital Improvement Projects 30

7.4.1 DG1.1 31

7.4.2 DG2.1B 32

7.4.3 DG2.2 33

7.4.4 DG2.2B 34

7.4.5 DG3.1A 35
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan iv

7.4.6 DG3.1B 36

7.4.7 DG3.2A 37

7.4.8 DG3.2B 38

7.4.9 DG3.2C 39

7.4.10 DG3.3A 40

7.4.11 DG3.3B 41

7.4.12 DG4.1A 42

7.4.13 DG4.1B 43

7.4.14 DG4.2 44

7.4.15 DG4.3 45

7.4.16 DG5.1 46

7.4.17 DG5.2 47

7.4.18 DG5.3 48

7.4.19 DG5.4 49

7.4.20 DG5.5 50

7.4.21 DG6.1 51

7.4.22 DG7.1 52

7.4.23 DG8.1 53

7.4.24 DG9.1 54

7.4.25 DG10.1 55

7.5 Model Results with Proposed Improvements 56

7.6 CIP Opinion of Probable Costs 61

8. Evaluation and Prioritization of Capital Improvement Projects (CIP) 62

8.1 Prioritization Framework 62

8.2 Application of Prioritization Criteria 63

8.3 CIP Prioritization Results 64

8.3.1 Drainage Group 1 64

8.3.2 Drainage Group 2 66

8.3.3 Drainage Group 3 68

8.3.4 Drainage Group 4 70

8.3.5 Drainage Group 5 72

8.3.6 Drainage Group 6 74

8.3.7 Drainage Group 7 76

8.3.8 Drainage Group 8 78

8.3.9 Drainage Group 9 80

8.3.10 Drainage Group 10 82

8.4 Summary of Prioritization Outcomes 84

9. Recommended Phasing of Capital Improvement Program 87

9.1 Recommended CIP Phasing and Sequencing 87

9.1.1 Near-Term – Phase A 87

9.1.1.1 Drainage Group 10 87

9.1.1.2 Drainage Group 5 87

9.1.1.3 Drainage Group 4 87

9.1.2 Mid-Term – Phase B 88

9.1.2.1 Drainage Group 2 88

9.1.2.2 Drainage Group 3 88

9.1.3 Long-Term – Phase C 88
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan v

9.1.3.1 Drainage Group 1 89

9.1.3.2 Drainage Group 8 and 9 89

9.1.3.3 Drainage Group 6 and 7 89

9.1.4 Summary of Recommended CIP Phasing and Sequencing 89

9.2 Conclusion and Recommendations 91
Conditions Assessment 102
Junctions 102
Conduits 103
Flow Length and Slope 120
Subcatchment Curve Number and Pervious Area 120
Subcatchment Time of Concentration 121
Junctions 123
Closed and Open Channel Conduit Analysis 126
Storages 127
Table index
Table 6.1 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 1 13
Table 6.2 Existing Number of Drainage Inlets and Manholes within Drainage Group 1 13 Table 6.3 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 2 14
Table 6.4 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 2 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 15
Table 6.5 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 3 16
Table 6.6 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 3 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 17
Table 6.7 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 4 18
Table 6.8 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 4 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 19
Table 6.9 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 5 20
Table 6.10 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 5 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 21
Table 6.11 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 6 22
Table 6.12 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 6 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 23
Table 6.13 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 7 24
Table 6.14 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 7 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 24
Table 6.15 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 8 25
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan vi Table 6.16 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 8 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 25
Table 6.17 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 9 26
Table 6.18 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 9 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 26
Table 6.19 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 10 27
Table 6.20 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 10 for the 10- year Storm and Tidal Event 28
Table 7.1 Comparison of Model Results between Existing Conditions and Proposed Improvements 60
Table 7.2 Cost Estimate Summary by CIP and Drainage Group 61 Table 8.1 Prioritization Scoring Criteria 62
Table 8.2 Drainage Group 1 Prioritization Score 65
Table 8.3 Drainage Group 2 Prioritization Score 67
Table 8.4 Drainage Group 3 Prioritization Score 69
Table 8.5 Drainage Group 4 Prioritization Score 71
Table 8.6 Drainage Group 5 Prioritization Score 73
Table 8.7 Drainage Group 6 Prioritization Score 75
Table 8.8 Drainage Group 7 Prioritization Score 77
Table 8.9 Drainage Group 8 Prioritization Score 79
Table 8.10 Drainage Group 9 Prioritization Score 81
Table 8.11 Drainage Group 10 Prioritization Score 83
Table 8.12 Drainage Group Prioritization Summary 86
Table 9.1 Flow routing metadata 96
Table 9.2 Field Data to be Collected for H&H Deficiency Analysis – Junctions 102 Table 9.3 Field Data to be Collected for H&H Deficiency Analysis – Conduits 104 Table 9.4 City of Crescent City SDMP Meta Data and incorporation into the project development - summary 105
Table 9.5 List of rainstorm events that drainage inlets and manholes were observed to overflow 105
Table 9.6 Maximum 1-day Precipitation for three 30-year time periods (Livneh, 2015) 112 Table 9.7 RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 projected changes in 30-year periods to the NOAA-14 Rainfall Intensity for the 2-yr 24-hour, 10-yr 24-hour, and 50-yr 24-hour rainfall events 113
Table 9.8 Linear feet of drainage pipe in Crescent City drainage system by diameter 126 Figure index
Figure 1.1 City of Crescent City Boundary. 2
Figure 2.1 Existing Storm Drain Infrastructure Map in Crescent City. 4 Figure 6.1 Flooding Extent and Depth under Existing Condition – 10-year, 24-hour SCS Type 1A Storm 9
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan vii Figure 6.2 Flooding Extent and Depth under Existing Condition – 50-year, 24-hour SCS Type 1A Storm 10
Figure 6.3 Key Map of Drainage Groups – Existing Conditions 12 Figure 6.4 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 1 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event. 13
Figure 6.5 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 2 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event 14 Figure 6.6 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 3 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event 16 Figure 6.7 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 4 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event 18 Figure 6.8 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 5 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event 20 Figure 6.9 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 6 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event 22 Figure 6.10 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 7 for the 10-year storm and tidal event. 23 Figure 6.11 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 8 for the 10-year storm and tidal event. 25 Figure 6.12 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 9 for the 10-year storm and tidal event. 26 Figure 6.13 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 10 for the 10-year storm and tidal event.27 Figure 7.1 Key Map of Drainage Groups – Proposed Conditions 31 Figure 7.2 CIP DG1.1 32
Figure 7.3 CIP DG2.1B 33
Figure 7.4 CIP DG2.2 34
Figure 7.5 CIP DG2.2B 35
Figure 7.6 CIP DG3.1A 36
Figure 7.7 CIP DG3.1B 37
Figure 7.8 CIP DG3.2A 38
Figure 7.9 CIP DG3.2B 39
Figure 7.10 CIP DG3.2C 40
Figure 7.11 CIP DG3.3A 41
Figure 7.12 CIP DG3.3B 42
Figure 7.13 CIP DG4.1A 43
Figure 7.14 CIP DG4.1B 44
Figure 7.15 CIP DG4.2 45
Figure 7.16 CIP DG4.3 46
Figure 7.17 CIP DG5.1 47
Figure 7.18 CIP DG5.2 48
Figure 7.19 CIP DG5.3 49
Figure 7.20 CIP DG5.4 50
Figure 7.21 CIP DG5.5 51
Figure 7.22 CIP DG6.1 52
Figure 7.23 CIP DG 7.1 53
Figure 7.24 CIP DG8.1 54
Figure 7.25 CIP DG9.1 55
Figure 7.26 CIP DG10.1 56
Figure 7.27 Flooding Extent and Depth under Proposed Condition – Present Day 10-year, 24- hour SCS Type 1A Storm 57
Figure 7.28 Flooding Extent and Depth under Proposed Condition – Mid-Century Climate Projection 10-year, 24-hour SCS Type 1A Storm 58
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan viii Figure 7.29 Flooding Extent and Depth under Proposed Condition – Late-Century Climate Projection 10-year, 24-hour SCS Type 1A Storm 59
Figure 8.1 Drainage Group 1 – CIP Key Map 65
Figure 8.2 Drainage Group 2 – CIP Key Map 67
Figure 8.3 Drainage Group 3 – CIP Key Map 69
Figure 8.4 Drainage Group 4 – CIP Key Map 71
Figure 8.5 Drainage Group 5 – CIP Key Map 73
Figure 8.6 Drainage Group 6 – CIP Key Map 75
Figure 8.7 Drainage Group 7 – CIP Key Map 77
Figure 8.8 Drainage Group 8 – CIP Key Map 79
Figure 8.9 Drainage Group 9 – CIP Key Map 81
Figure 8.10 Drainage Group 10 – CIP Key Map 83
Figure 9.1 Recommended Phasing of CIP Implementation by Drainage Group 90 Figure 9.2 Phase A – Recommended Sequence of CIP Implementation 90 Figure 9.3 Phase B – Recommended Sequence of CIP Implementation 91 Figure 9.4 Phase C – Recommended Sequence of CIP Implementation 91 Figure 9.5 Conformed DEM. 101
Figure 9.6 Approximate Geographic Boundaries for SCS Storm Distributions. (From HEC-HMS Technical Reference Manual, ACOE). 109
Figure 9.7 Rainfall Intensity Curves for Multiple Return Periods (SCS Type IA). 110 Figure 9.8 Intensity Duration Frequency Curve for Precipitation at Project Site. 111 Figure 9.9 Maximum 1-day Precipitation for three 30-year time periods (Livneh, 2015). 112 Figure 9.10 Outfall locations with respective drainage groups. 114 Figure 9.11 California Open Coast Province Map (Highway Design Manual, 2020). 115 Figure 9.12 One Percent Compound Frequency Curve for Province 1 (Highway Design Manual, 2020). 116
Figure 9.13 2-yr SCS Type 1a 24-hour design storm hydrograph with peak rainfall aligned with peak MHH for 2-yr compound frequency tidal event. 117
Figure 9.14 10-yr SCS Type 1a 24-hour design storm hydrograph with peak rainfall aligned with peak MHH for 10-yr compound frequency tidal event. 117
Figure 9.15 50-yr SCS Type 1a 24-hour design storm hydrograph with peak rainfall aligned with peak MHH for 50-yr compound frequency tidal event. 118
Figure 9.16 FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer FIRMette illustrating location of Outfall 1 (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2024). 119
Figure 9.17 Watershed delineated subcatchments. Dark green represent subcatchment boundaries, red perforated lines illustrate point of concentrated flow. 120 Figure 9.18 Existing Drainage Infrastructure Flow Route Plan View. 122 Figure 9.19 Dual drainage system components (CHI PWSWMM, 2024). 123 Figure 9.20 Manhole investigated during data collection near Front St. 124 Figure 9.21 Curb inlet found in field data collection. 124 Figure 9.22 Grate inlet found in field data collection. 125 Figure 9.23 Grate inlet found in field data collection. 125 Figure 9.24 Storm drain inlet types summary (Federal Highway Administration, 2024). 126 Figure 9.25 Plan view of drainage network with bounding layer boundaries. 129 Figure 9.26 Mesh layer connection with sample drainage inlet. 130 GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan ix Appendices
Appendix A Assumptions
Appendix B Equity Analysis
Appendix C Data Collection Field Surveys
Appendix D Computation Model Development
Appendix E Preliminary Assessment of Anticipated Environmental Review and Permitting Requirements
Attachments
Attachment 1 Crescent City Priority Land Uses
Attachment 2 NOAA-14 Precipitation Frequency Estimates
Attachment 3 Subcatchment Parameters
Attachment 4 SCS Curve Numbers
Attachment 5 Base Condition Model Data
Attachment 6 Storage Curves
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 1

1. Introduction
The City of Crescent City (City) is located in Del Norte County near the coastal Oregon border in California, approximately 85 miles north of Eureka, CA. Like other communities on California’s North Coast, the City records some of the highest mean annual precipitation totals in the State. From 1991 – 2020, the City observed a mean annual precipitation total of 52.9 inches (NOAA, 2020). The purpose of the City’s stormwater drainage system is to provide conveyance of rainfall from developed areas within the City’s boundary to outfall points. Residents and property owners benefit from this system because it reduces flooding which reduces property damage and increases public health and safety.

The City is in need of an updated inventory of existing stormwater infrastructure and recommended improvements to the stormwater drainage system to assist in keeping residents from being subjected to flooding in their homes, yards, streets, and other locations where services are accessed. A significant proportion of the stormwater infrastructure was constructed in piece-wise projects over the course of 50+ years, with many of these projects having non-stormwater related goals but stormwater elements, such as road improvements, parking lots, public facilities, etc. Furthermore, the California Department of Water Resources’ Climate Change Technical Advisory Group has forecasted an increase in precipitation intensity for all design storms as a result of climate change. The Storm Drain Master Plan includes data collection of the existing infrastructure, an analysis of hydrology and hydraulic drainage deficiencies, and an equityinformed list of proposed projects that prioritize the most critical areas requiring drainage enhancement. The Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan considers the area located within the City’s boundary illustrated below in Figure 1.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 2 Figure 1.1 City of Crescent City Boundary.

1.1 Purpose
The purpose of the Storm Drain Master Plan is to propose stormwater drainage system improvements that provide a certain level of service to the community. The drainage system improvements were developed to mitigate flooding in homes, yards, streets, and other locations where services are accessed. The overall objective of the Storm Drain Master Plan is to inform capital investment and sequencing of drainage infrastructure improvements for Crescent City.

The scope of work to prepare the Master Plan included the following tasks:

1. Inventory. Update inventory of existing storm drain system via mapping and field surveying.

2. Base Condition H&H Model. Develop hydrology and hydraulics drainage deficiency analysis of the existing stormwater infrastructure using PCSWMM modelling software.

3. Flood Evaluation. Identify potential flood hazards and problem areas in each drainage basin under simulated design storm scenarios.

4. Proposed Condition H&H Model. Update hydrology and hydraulics drainage analysis in PCSWMM with proposed improvements to evaluate its projected reduction in flood impacts.

5. Recommend Improvements. Identify and prioritize an equity-informed list capital improvements projects (CIP) with cost estimates based on the City’s priorities, anticipated costs, and projected reduction in flood impacts.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 3

1.2 Scope and Limitations
This report: has been prepared by GHD for City Of Crescent City and may only be used and relied on by City Of Crescent City for the purpose agreed between GHD and City Of Crescent City as set out in section 1.3 of this report.

GHD otherwise disclaims responsibility to any person other than City Of Crescent City arising in connection with this report. GHD also excludes implied warranties and conditions, to the extent legally permissible.

The services undertaken by GHD in connection with preparing this report were limited to those specifically detailed in the report and are subject to the scope limitations set out in the report.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on conditions encountered and information reviewed at the date of preparation of the report. GHD has no responsibility or obligation to update this report to account for events or changes occurring subsequent to the date that the report was prepared.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on assumptions made by GHD described in this report (refer section 1.3 of this report). GHD disclaims liability arising from any of the assumptions being incorrect.

Accessibility of documents
If this report is required to be accessible in any other format, this can be provided by GHD upon request and at an additional cost if necessary.

1.3 Assumptions
The Hydrology and Hydraulics (H&H) analysis supporting development of the Capital Improvement Projects (CIPs) was prepared based on assumptions regarding outfall boundary conditions and the accuracy of GPS equipment used during field data collection. Model reliability is dependent on the quality and completeness of available data describing existing, planned, and partially constructed storm drainage infrastructure, which was supplemented and refined through field reconnaissance. The datasets used to develop and support flow routing and modeling assumptions are documented in the flow routing metadata provided in Appendix A.

2. Project Background

2.1 Summary of Existing Storm Drain System
The existing storm drain network is a combination of open channel flow, underground conduit gravity flow systems, and storm water detention basins. The City’s storm drainage routes to ten (10) outfalls, nine (9) of which are considered tidally influenced outfalls and one (1) that drains eastward into the adjacent Elk River Estuary. See Section 3 below for further details of the City’s existing storm drain infrastructure inventory. The City’s understanding of the existing storm drainage infrastructure is based on historic knowledge of its maintenance crew and does not have detailed documentation of the pipe diameter, material and relative condition. However, most drainage inlets and connecting conduit locations are known, see Figure 2.1 below for the preliminary storm drain infrastructure data provided by the City. Through field data collection, the location, depth, and relative condition of the manholes and drainage inlets in the system were documented and utilized in the H&H analysis. Additionally, the conduit material, buried depth, diameter, and relative condition were recorded and documented through field data collection. See Section 3 below for further details of field data collection methodology and results.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 4 Figure 2.1 Existing Storm Drain Infrastructure Map in Crescent City.

2.2 Regulatory Requirements
As of 2025, Del Norte County does not have a single, standalone stormwater drainage manual. Del Norte County typically defers to California Department of Transportation’s (CalTrans) stormwater design standards. Stormwater drainage systems in Del Norte County are regulated by permits issued by the California State Water Resources Control Board.

2.2.1 NPDES Phase II MS4 Permit
In 2013, the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) permitted the City’s storm drain system under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Waste Discharge Requirements for GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 5 Stormwater Discharges from Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s), hereby known as the Phase II MS4 Permit. The Phase II MS4 Permit required the City to develop and implement a stormwater management program and establish legal authority to enforce stormwater controls through ordinances and policies. The stormwater management program intends to create and maintain facility inventories and maps, illicit discharge detection and elimination programs, pollution prevention and good housekeeping practices, construction and post-construction runoff controls, and asset maintenance plans for MS4 infrastructure.

Phase II MS4 Permittees must develop a Long-term Asset Operation and Improvement Plan within five years of the permit’s effective date and update it annually as new storm drain system components are inventoried and assessed.

The plan must include a prioritized schedule for maintenance, rehabilitation, replacement, and installation of new assets, along with a list of known infrastructure repairs, deferred maintenance needs, and a 20-year forecast of implementation costs. It must also include a financial strategy comparing projected costs to available funding sources to ensure sustained asset management and service performance.

The Storm Drain Master Plan intends to assist the City in meeting the requirements of the Long-term Asset Operation and Improvement Plan.

2.2.2 Trash Capture
In 2015, the SWRCB adopted statewide Trash Provisions to address the pervasive impacts trash has on the beneficial uses of the state’s surface waters. The provisions prohibit the deposition of trash where it may be discharged into waters of the State and apply to all municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4), industrial, and construction NPDES permittees.

As a permittee under the current Phase II MS4 Permit, the City of Crescent City is subject to the provisions. On June 1, 2017, State Water Resources Control Board Executive Director sent 13383 Orders to traditional and non-traditional Small MS4 permittees informing them of the Trash Provisions. However, a review of the letters in the State Water Board’s Stormwater Multiple Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS) does not show a record of a letter having been sent to the City. As such, it is not known if the City was officially notified of their requirements under the Trash Provisions.

The Trash Provisions specifically require that Phase II MS4 permittees implement trash controls in Priority Land Uses within their jurisdictions. Priority Land Use Areas are defined as the following:
• High Density Residential – All land uses with at least ten (10) developed dwelling units/acre. • Industrial – Land uses where the primary activities on the developed parcels involve product manufacture, storage, or distribution (e.g., manufacturing businesses, warehouses, equipment storage lots, junkyards, wholesale businesses, distribution centers, or building material sales yards). • Commercial – Land uses where the primary activities on the developed parcels involve the sale or transfer of goods or services to consumers (e.g., business or professional buildings, shops, restaurants, theaters, vehicle repair shops, etc.).
• Mixed Urban – Land uses where high-density residential, industrial, and/or commercial land uses predominate collectively (i.e., are intermixed).
• Public Transportation Stations – Facilities or sites where public transit agencies’ vehicles load or unload passengers or goods (e.g., bus stations and stops).

An exhibit showing the City’s Priority Land Uses is provided in Attachment 1.

Under the provisions, permittees are required to comply with the discharge prohibitions through one of two measures, defined in the provisions as Tracks:
• Track 1 – Install, operate, and maintain full capture systems for storm drains that capture runoff from priority land use areas, or
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 6 • Track 2 – Install, operate, and maintain any combination of full capture systems, multi-benefit projects, other treatment controls, and/or institutional controls. The discharger shall demonstrate that such combination achieves full capture system equivalency.

Institutional controls are non-structural best management practices (i.e., no structures are involved) that may include, but not be limited to, street sweeping, sidewalk trash bins, collection of the trash, anti-litter educational and outreach programs, producer take-back for packaging, and ordinances.

A full capture system is defined as a treatment control, or series of treatment controls, including, but not limited to, a multi-benefit project or a low-impact development control that traps all particles that are 5 mm or greater, and has a design treatment capacity that is either: a) of not less than the peak flow rate, Q, resulting from a one-year, one-hour, storm in the subdrainage area, or b) appropriately sized to, and designed to carry at least the same flows as, the corresponding storm drain. Typical systems used for this approach include catch basin inserts and high flow capacity inline pipe systems such as proprietary hydrodynamic separators. Because these devices often contain a series of weirs and screens to direct and treat stormwater flows, the devices can often have a significant hydraulic impact on the storm drain system in which they are installed.

3. Equity Analysis
Understanding the locations of and impacts to disadvantaged populations and communities with equity concerns is an important aspect of city planning in general and is necessary to be in alignment with the ultimate goal of supporting communities to not only survive, but to thrive. This Equity Analysis applied data analysis and geospatial mapping tools to public data to provide a contextual presentation of disadvantaged1 populations and communities with equity concerns, including physical and socioeconomic vulnerabilities.

The equity analysis finds that Crescent City is disadvantaged under both California state definitions (AB 1550 and Water Code 79505.5) and federal Justice40 and Inflation Reduction Act criteria, at both the citywide level and across all census block groups intersecting the city. Using a demographic index derived from American Community Survey and EPA EJScreen data, including income, race and ethnicity, age, education, and life expectancy, the analysis shows that socioeconomic vulnerability in Crescent City is higher than the California average. Citywide conditions include lower median household income, higher poverty and unemployment rates, a high proportion of renter-occupied housing, and elevated disability rates. NOAA Fisheries’ Community Social Vulnerability Index further identifies high vulnerability related to poverty, labor force structure, housing burden, and personal disruption, reinforcing the conclusion that the community experiences overlapping social and economic stressors.

At the census block group level, the analysis provides additional refinement to distinguish relative levels of vulnerability within the city, even though all block groups qualify as disadvantaged for funding eligibility. Block Group 060150001012 ranks highest in potential socioeconomic vulnerability based on the demographic index and cumulative scoring, reflecting concentrated poverty, housing burden, and related stressors, while other block groups exhibit progressively lower, though still elevated, levels of vulnerability relative to the state mean. Environmental exposure indicators such as underground storage tanks and traffic proximity are generally low compared to state and national averages, but flood risk and coastal hazards remain important considerations given the city’s location. Overall, the findings are intended to inform equitable prioritization of storm drain improvement projects so that infrastructure investments and benefits are directed toward areas and populations with the greatest combined social and economic vulnerability.

The cumulative equity scores are applied to each drainage project in the GIS dataset and the complete equity analysis technical memorandum with maps is provided in Appendix B. 1 Disadvantaged as defined in accordance with Final Designation of Disadvantaged Communities Pursuant to Senate Bill 535. May 2022. *Final Designation of Disadvantaged Communities Pursuant to SB535, 2022 (ca.gov). Accessed 3/26/2024. More information: Low-Income or Disadvantaged Communities Designated by California - Dataset - California Natural Resources Agency Open Data. Accessed 3/26/2024.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 7

4. Data Collection Field Surveys
Data collection was performed to develop a full inventory of the City’s storm drain infrastructure and to support the H&H analysis used for Storm Drain Master Plan and CIP development. Efforts included verification of watershed and sub‑watershed boundaries, surface flow routing, and expansion and conformance of the digital elevation model (DEM) to adequately capture contributing drainage areas. Using PCSWMM watershed delineation outputs, hydrologists field‑verified flow directions, boundaries, and areas of permissible flooding, with data prioritized in lower‑elevation and higher‑energy portions of the system where model sensitivity is greatest. Concurrent field investigations documented existing drainage infrastructure, including detailed condition assessments and elevation data for junctions, conduits, and outfalls using GPS‑based surveying and standardized field forms. Background studies, historical as‑built records, permit information, and known flood incident reports were reviewed and incorporated to validate field data and refine model assumptions. Collected and processed field data were integrated into the PCSWMM model to represent existing conditions, calibrate hydraulic parameters, and establish a basis for identifying deficiencies and evaluating CIP alternatives. Additional details on data requirements, review of available data, and field surveys of existing drainage infrastructure are provided in Appendix C.

5. Computational Model Development
The City’s stormwater system performance was evaluated using a H&H model developed in PCSWMM. The model integrates field‑collected storm drain infrastructure data, high‑resolution topographic information, and watershed delineation to represent existing drainage conditions throughout the City. Design storms corresponding to the 2‑, 10‑, and 50‑year, 24‑hour return periods were applied using NOAA Atlas 14 precipitation data, with downstream boundary conditions defined for both tidally influenced and non‑tidal outfalls. The model simulates dual drainage behavior by representing both the underground pipe network and surface conveyance pathways and applies one‑dimensional and two‑dimensional analyses to quantify the location, depth, duration, and extent of flooding. The resulting model outputs form the basis for identifying drainage deficiencies and evaluating the effectiveness of proposed improvements.

Additional details on model development, assumptions, and parameterization are provided in Appendix D.

6. Drainage Deficiency Analysis of Existing
Conditions

6.1 Overview of Flooding
To assess the drainage performance of the existing drainage network (Base Conditions), the hydraulic performance was assessed through a hydrologic analysis utilizing the 10-year, 24-hour design storm and 50-year, 24-hour design storm with accompanying tidal outfall conditions. See Appendix D for further details on the design storm selection and Data Collection → Model → Analysis → Project → Priority → Phase Data Collection → Model → Analysis → Project → Priority → Phase Data Collection → Model → Analysis → Project → Priority → Phase GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 8 for tidal outfall conditions analysis. The 1-dimensional analysis was developed to assess the points of drainage failure, for example an overflowing drainage inlet. The 2-dimensional analysis was developed to assess the extent, depth and duration of flooding throughout the City. The modeled extent, depth and duration of flooding under a 10-year, 24-hour design storm within City boundaries is presented below in Figure 6.1. The modeled extent, depth and duration of flooding under a 50-year, 24-hour design storm within City boundaries is presented below in Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.1 Flooding Extent and Depth under Existing Condition – 10-year, 24-hour SCS Type 1A Storm GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 9 Figure 6.2 Flooding Extent and Depth under Existing Condition – 50-year, 24-hour SCS Type 1A Storm

6.2 Summary of Systemwide Performance
Under a 10-year, 24-hour duration SCS Type 1A storm, the model shows that flooding in Crescent City is concentrated in low‑lying coastal and near‑coastal areas, major roadway corridors, and older residential/commercial neighborhoods where storm drainage capacity is limited and outfalls are tidally influenced. Recurring flooding is commonly observed at street sag points, intersections, and along collector and arterial roadways, particularly where surface flow converges upstream of constrained pipes or tidal backwater conditions.

Along Highway 101, flooding is documented in multiple drainage groups, notably near Wilson Avenue, the fairgrounds area, and where the highway transitions to divided sections, indicating sensitivity to both roadway geometry and downstream constraints. In central Crescent City west of Highway 101, systemic flooding occurs along C Street, 2nd Street, 3rd Street, 4th Street, 5th Street, F Street, J Street, and L Street, with repeated impacts at intersections such GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 10 as 2nd & B, 3rd & J, 5th & F, 4th & J, and 8th & F, reflecting cumulative effects of flat topography and dense drainage networks.

Southern and southwestern residential areas experience localized flooding along Gary Street, Gainard Street, Condor Street, and W 9th Street, while additional coastal flooding affects areas near W 5th Street, Taylor Street, Wendell Street, and W 4th Street, where outfall performance is directly influenced by tidal conditions. Several drainage groups indicate that debris‑restricted or poorly performing outfalls (particularly along the coast and near Lighthouse Way) can reroute flows into adjacent drainage systems, exacerbating flooding on nearby streets such as 2nd Street despite minimal flooding within the contributing drainage group itself.

Overall, flooding patterns consistently align with tidally influenced outfalls, undersized or aging pipe infrastructure, flat coastal topography, and roadway sag locations, with impacts concentrated in public rights‑of‑way but occasionally extending into adjacent parking lots, parks, and low‑lying private properties.

6.3 Summary of Flooding by Drainage Group
To group the specific drainage deficiencies, the City’s drainage infrastructure was first divided into ten drainage groups based on the downstream outfalls the infrastructure drains to. After the drainage groups were established, all grate inlets, culvert inlets, and manholes with flooding in the model were further investigated to determine the potential cause of flooding. The cause of the deficiencies was used to inform the development of CIPs in Section 7. A key map of the drainage groups is presented in Figure 6.3.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 11 Figure 6.3 Key Map of Drainage Groups – Existing Conditions

6.3.1 Drainage Group 1
Drainage Group 1 collects stormwater from Highway 101 and a few residential areas west of Highway 101. The stormwater is discharged into a tributary of Elk Creek at normal depth. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, flooding occurs on the southbound side of Highway 101. Figure 6.4 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions with flooding within Drainage Group 1 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.1 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 1. Table 6.2 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 1.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 12 Figure 6.4 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 1 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event.

Table 6.1 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 1 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 1 843.75
Concrete 1.5 230.04
HDPE 1.5 81.51
Table 6.2 Existing Number of Drainage Inlets and Manholes within Drainage Group 1 Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 6 9.80 96.51 22.75 22.88
MH 0 - - - -

6.3.2 Drainage Group 2
Drainage Group 2 collects stormwater from few residential areas approximately located between A Street, E Street, and Pacific Avenue. It also collects stormwater from Jon Hamilton Elementary School and parts of Crescent Elk GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 13 Elementary School including the athletic field. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall along the beach near B Street Pier and into Crescent Harbor at a tidal depth. Most storm drains are located within the right-of-way, but one storm drain between 6th Street and 5th Street is routed under private property along B Street. Under the simulated 10- year storm and tidal event, flooding occurs all along the eastern tributary of the storm drain system as far upstream as Pacific Avenue. Some flooding also occurs at the intersection of 2nd Street and B Street. Figure 6.5 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions with flooding within Drainage Group 2 under the simulated 10- year storm and tidal event. Table 6.3 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 2. Table 6.4 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 2.

Figure 6.5 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 2 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Table 6.3 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 2 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 0.5 13.60
Concrete 0.67 15.71
Concrete 0.75 75.42
Concrete 0.83 108.19
Concrete 1 4710.84
HDPE 1 441.98
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 14 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 1.25 745.48
HDPE 1.25 52.01
HDPE 1.3 39.06
Concrete 1.5 80.52
HDPE 1.5 58.26
HDPE 2 553.94
Concrete 2 3764.68
Concrete 3 1225.22
HDPE 4 10.62
Concrete 4 783.52
Table 6.4 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 2 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 69 6.70 14.67 22.62 23.65
MH 11 - - - 22.61

6.3.3 Drainage Group 3
Drainage Group 3 collects stormwater from the streets, commercial areas, and industrial areas along Highway 101 south of Drainage Group 1. It also collects stormwater from the Del Norte County Veterans Cemetery and residential areas north and west of the cemetery. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall into Elk Creek between the crossing of Highway 101 southbound and Elk Creek’s mouth into Crescent Bay. Most storm drains are located within the rightof-way, but some storm drains are routed under residential private property and commercial parking lots. Furthermore much of the stormwater northwest of Highway 101 is routed into a network of natural channels and storages. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, flooding occurs along Highway 101 near its intersection with Wilson Avenue, near the Del Norte County Fairgrounds, and in the commercial area where Highway 101 splits into a divided highway. Figure 6.6 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions with flooding within Drainage Group 3 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.5 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 3. Table 6.6 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 3.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 15 Figure 6.6 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 3 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Table 6.5 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 3 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
PVC 0.5 95.54
PVC 0.67 598.80
CMP 0.75 40.75
PVC 0.75 26.80
Concrete 1 6043.95
PVC 1 22.35
HDPE 1.2 20.77
Concrete 1.25 1652.55
HDPE 1.25 124.52
CMP 1.5 180.65
Concrete 1.5 6511.89
HDPE 1.5 139.53
Concrete 2 1901.31
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 16 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 2.25 195.49
Concrete 2.5 1722.75
Concrete 2.75 225.64
Concrete 3 1176.30
Concrete 4 82.12
Concrete 6 547.50
Table 6.6 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 3 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 129 17.58 19.43 23.18 23.56
MH 1 - - - -

6.3.4 Drainage Group 4
Drainage Group 4 collects stormwater from the streets, residential areas, and commercial areas west of Highway 101 in between Drainage Group 2 and 3 in the heart of Crescent City. It also collects stormwater from Bayview Park and the residential area north of Pacific Avenue. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall into Elk Creek between the crossing of Highway 101 southbound and Elk Creek’s mouth into Crescent Bay, downstream of the outfall for Drainage Group 3. Most storm drains are located within the right-of-way, but some storm drains are routed under residential and commercial private property. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, flooding occurs at the intersection of 5th Street and F Street, 8th Street and F Street, 5th Street and J Street, and 4th Street and J Street.

Flooding also occurs near Highway 101 southbound. Figure 6.7 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions with flooding within Drainage Group 4 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.7 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 4. Table 6.8 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 4.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 17 Figure 6.7 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 4 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Table 6.7 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 4 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 0.25 19.18
PVC 0.5 9.84
Concrete 0.67 33.40
HDPE 0.67 23.12
PVC 0.67 81.72
Concrete 0.75 173.83
HDPE 0.8 198.80
Concrete 0.83 107.72
CMP 1 111.04
Concrete 1 6808.71
HDPE 1 365.39
PVC 1 374.95
CMP 1.2 24.16
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 18 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
CMP 1.25 619.48
Concrete 1.25 1361.27
HDPE 1.25 290.42
Concrete 1.33 210.18
HDPE 1.33 69.78
HDPE 1.4 94.86
CMP 1.5 460.13
Concrete 1.5 3279.52
HDPE 1.5 165.23
PVC 1.5 250.24
Concrete 1.6 29.09
CMP 1.83 375.73
Concrete 1.83 241.25
CMP 2 43.41
Concrete 2 4464.49
HDPE 2 367.84
Concrete 2.5 844.95
HDPE 2.5 25.79
Concrete 2.67 193.30
CMP 3 956.35
Concrete 3 2628.42
HDPE 3 886.92
Concrete 4 1339.90
PVC 4 125.60
Concrete 4.5 33.79
HDPE 4.5 9.01
Concrete 5 5.69
Concrete 6 8.95
CMP 8 14.26
Table 6.8 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 4 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 168 11.27 42.90 23.19 23.56
MH 59 0.02 2.02 0.41 23.46
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 19

6.3.5 Drainage Group 5
Drainage Group 5 collects stormwater from the streets and residential areas between 9th Street, Pacific Avenue, Gary Street, and S Pebble Beach Drive. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall into the Pacific Ocean south of Preston Island. The upstream storm drains are located within the right-of-way, and the downstream storm drains along W 9th Avenue are routed under residential private property. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, flooding occurs along W Condor Street, Gainard Street, and Gary Street. Figure 6.8 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions with flooding within Drainage Group 5 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.9 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 5. Table 6.10 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 5.

Figure 6.8 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 5 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Table 6.9 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 5 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 0.67 38.19
Concrete 1 1897.02
CMP 1.5 211.23
Concrete 1.5 1692.37
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 20 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 2 2387.69
Concrete 3 269.18
Concrete 3.5 210.83
Concrete 4 325.92
Table 6.10 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 5 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 30 1.79 11.43 15.67 23.13
MH 2 0.02 1.82 0.68 17.85

6.3.6 Drainage Group 6
Drainage Group 6 collects stormwater from the streets and residential areas between W 9th Street, W 6th Street, A Street, and S Pebble Beach Drive. It also collects stormwater from Brother Jonathan Park and Cemetery. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall into the Pacific Ocean south of the parking area for Brother Jonathan Cemetery.

The storm drains are all located within the right-of-way. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, flooding occurs at the intersection of W 8th Street and Taylor Street. Figure 6.9 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions with flooding within Drainage Group 6 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.11 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 6. Table 6.12 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 6.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 21 Figure 6.9 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 6 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Table 6.11 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 6 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 0.5 26.26
Concrete 0.75 42.73
HDPE 0.75 53.17
Concrete 1 723.52
HDPE 1.25 47.90
Concrete 1.5 11.51
Concrete 2 238.92
Concrete 2.5 62.98
Concrete 3 37.80
CMP 4 111.00
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 22 Table 6.12 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 6 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 11 0.20 5.93 2.34 2.34
MH 3 - - - 0.61

6.3.7 Drainage Group 7
Drainage Group 7 collects stormwater from the Lighthouse Way and the Oceanfront Lodge. The stormwater is intended to be discharged at an outfall into the Pacific Ocean near the Oceanfront Lodge, however, the storm drain along between A Street and the outfall is clogged with sediment and debris. The stormwater flows out into 2nd Street and into the storm drain system in Drainage Group 2. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, no flooding occurs within the drainage group, however, the accumulated sediment and debris to the outfall causes flooding along 2nd Street in Drainage Group 2. Figure 6.10 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions within Drainage Group 7 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.13 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 7. Table 6.14 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 7.

Figure 6.10 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 7 for the 10-year storm and tidal event.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 23 Table 6.13 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 7 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
CMP 1.5 14.96
Concrete 1.5 6.05
HDPE 1.5 239.22
Concrete 2 258.82
Table 6.14 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 7 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 3 - - - -
MH 2 - - - 22.95

6.3.8 Drainage Group 8
Drainage Group 8 collects stormwater between W 6th Street, W 5th Street, Taylor Street, and A Street. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall into the Pacific Ocean near the transition of W 5th Street into Taylor Street. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, flooding occurs at the intersection of Wendell Street and W 5th Street and at the transition W 5th Street into Taylor Street. Figure 6.11 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions within Drainage Group 8 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.15 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 8. Table 6.16 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 8.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 24 Figure 6.11 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 8 for the 10-year storm and tidal event.

Table 6.15 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 8 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 1 65.70
Concrete 1.5 89.23
Concrete 2 74.55
Table 6.16 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 8 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 6 0.02 1.43 0.71 3.98
MH 0 - - - -

6.3.9 Drainage Group 9
Drainage Group 9 collects stormwater between W 5th Street, 2nd Street, and A Street up to the coast. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall into the Pacific Ocean near the south end of Wendell Street. Under the simulated 10-year GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 25 storm and tidal event, flooding occurs on W 4th Street in between Wendell Street and A Street. Figure 6.12 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions within Drainage Group 9 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.17 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 9. Table 6.18 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 9.

Figure 6.12 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 9 for the 10-year storm and tidal event.

Table 6.17 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 9 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
CMP 1 301.29
Concrete 1 63.95
Concrete 1.5 682.99
PVC 1.5 24.04
Table 6.18 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 9 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 5 0.09 7.12 0.82 0.82
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 26 Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
MH 0 - - - -

6.3.10 Drainage Group 10
Drainage Group 10 collects stormwater from Beachfront Park, Play Street, and Howe Street. The stormwater is discharged at an outfall into Elk Creek between the crossing of Highway 101 southbound and Elk Creek’s mouth into Crescent Bay, downstream of the outfall for Drainage Group 4. Under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event, no flooding occurs. Figure 6.13 presents a map of the storm drain system, subcatchments, and junctions within Drainage Group 10 under the simulated 10-year storm and tidal event. Table 6.19 provides the lengths of existing storm drain pipes by material and nominal diameter within Drainage Group 10. Table 6.20 provides the quantities of drainage inlets and manholes as well as flood volume and duration within Drainage Group 10.

Figure 6.13 Flooding Location(s) within Drainage Group 10 for the 10-year storm and tidal event.

Table 6.19 Existing Pipe Network by Material, Diameter, and Linear Feet within Drainage Group 10 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
HDPE 1.5 39.72
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 27 Material Diameter (ft) Linear Feet (ft)
Concrete 1.75 103.99
Concrete 2 150.89
Table 6.20 Quantities of Junctions and Flooding Results within Drainage Group 10 for the 10-year Storm and Tidal Event Type Number Total flooded
volume (MG)
Maximum Flood
Rate (cfs)
Maximum
Duration of
Flooding (hrs)
Maximum
Duration of
Surcharge (hrs)
DI 4 - - - -
MH 0 - - - -

6.4 Deficiency Analysis
Utilizing the results from the Base Conditions 1D and 2D Models, a drainage deficiency analysis was conducted to identify drainage deficiencies and provide an idealized solution that mitigates flooding. This subsection details the deficiency analysis approach and the development of the idealized solution.

6.4.1 Approach
The approach of the drainage deficiency analysis was to first identify capacity-limited segments within the drainage system. Capacity-limited segments were identified by flooding at nodes for any duration greater than 5-minutes.

Capacity-limiting segments within the drainage system were then iteratively modified starting upstream and working downstream until the minimum conveyance passage was identified to relieve flooding. By starting upstream and working downstream, instances of flooding caused by an upstream project were addressed and grouped together as a project.

Section 7 includes more details of how potential projects were identified and grouped together.

6.4.2 Idealized Solution and Limitations
After insufficient drainage infrastructure was identified in the deficiency analysis, the idealized solution was developed to provide volumetric conveyance requirements to mitigate site flooding under the 10-year, 24-hour SCS Type 1A design storm. The idealized solution has limitations that should be further developed in the design phase of the projects, including but not limited to, minimum buried depth requirements, surface load requirements and pipe material, best engineering practices in upsizing downstream pipe diameters, potential areas for supplemental drainage detention basins, etc. Though the ideal drainage project resolves the flooding, it may not conform to best practices for upgrading the downstream pipe segments to either conform or increase in diameter. During project implementation, consideration of downstream pipe conveyance should be considered as needed to conform to best practices. These considerations factor into project prioritization and phasing (Section 8 & Section 9). In the design phase, flooding in areas with low consequences may be determined to be permissible. If any proposed project components deviate from the components recommended in their respective CIP during the design development phase, the PCSWMM model should be updated with the revised project components and re-simulated to verify unintended flooding does not occur.

7. Development of Potential Capital
Improvement Projects (CIP)
Data Collection → Model → Analysis → Project → Priority → Phase GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 28

7.1 Approach to CIP Development
Potential CIP Projects were identified using the drainage deficiency analysis and initially sized with the idealized solution, discussed in detail in Section 6.4. The idealized solution identifies individual specific improvements that would resolve the system deficiencies. The development of a CIP Project involves grouping several individual specific drainage improvements that are related to resolving flooding in a specific area. The types are discussed in Section

7.2. The CIP Projects are organized by drainage group and are sequenced so that resolving one flooding condition does not create a downstream capacity problem. The sequencing process is further discussed in Section 7.4. In general, CIPs are focused on resolving flooding within a drainage group; however, several CIPs are dependent on the improved drainage of other CIPs and are part of an overall strategy of minimizing flooding City wide. As an example, Outfall 5 has capacity for higher flows and improvements in Drainage Group 5 are structured to intercept runoff from other impacted drainage groups (2 and 5). The sequencing of CIPs is further discussed in Section 9.

7.2 Types of Drainage Improvements Considered
Based on the drainage deficiency analysis and hydrologic and hydraulic modeling results, a range of stormwater system improvement strategies were evaluated to reduce the extent, depth, and duration of flooding under the design storm conditions. The evaluated strategies focus on addressing capacity limitations, improving surface runoff capture, relieving overland flow constraints, enhancing outfall performance (particularly in tidally influenced areas), and incorporating detention where feasible to attenuate peak flows. Improvement concepts were developed at both localized and system scales and were assessed individually and in combination to understand their effectiveness in mitigating identified deficiencies. These strategies informed the development of CIPs and were refined through iterative modeling to ensure proposed measures provide measurable flood reduction benefits. The types of improvement strategies considered include:

1. Conveyance Upgrades: Upsizing or replacing undersized storm drain pipes and culverts to improve hydraulic capacity and reduce upstream surcharge and surface flooding.

2. Inlet Enhancements: Installation of new drainage inlets, replacement or expansion of existing inlets, and improved inlet spacing to increase surface runoff capture efficiency and reduce street ponding.

3. Surface Flow Relief: Modifications to surface flow paths, including use of dual drainage concepts, street flow routing, and overland relief pathways to safely convey excess flow when underground capacity is exceeded.

4. Outfall Modifications: Improvements to existing outfalls to reduce backwater effects, improve discharge reliability under tidal conditions, and protect outfalls from debris blockage, scour, and coastal influences.

5. Detention and Storage Opportunities: Use of existing or new detention basins, storage areas, and other flow attenuation features to temporarily store runoff and reduce peak downstream flows.

7.3 Environmental Compliance and Permitting
A preliminary assessment of anticipated environmental review and permitting requirements for each proposed CIP was conducted to supplement the Class V cost estimate (Section 7.6) and prioritization assessment (Section 8). Each CIP was screened based on its location, proposed scope, downstream receiving waters, and potential interaction with regulatory constraints, including the Coastal Zone, FEMA‑mapped floodplains, natural or undisturbed areas, wetlands, and sensitive coastal or riparian resources. Based on this screening, projects were assigned to permitting cost tiers reflecting the type and complexity of anticipated approvals, such as CEQA documentation, Coastal Development Permits (CDP), and state and federal resource agency permits (e.g., CDFW Section 1602, RWQCB Section 401, USACE Section 404, and FEMA Floodplain Development Permits). Class V cost estimates were developed using a tier‑based approach based on recent permitting experience on similar municipal infrastructure projects. A table with the full assessment is included in Appendix E. The table documents assumptions, exclusions, and a cost by CIP and total cost by drainage group.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 29

7.4 Potential Capital Improvement Projects
All potential CIPs are defined below and organized by its associated drainage group and recommended construction sequence within the drainage group. Drainage group number is represented as “DG#” and recommended construction sequence is represented as “.#” afterwards. The division of drainage groups are presented in greater detail in Section

6.3. To avoid unintended downstream flooding as a result of upstream drainage improvements, the recommended construction sequence of CIPs within a drainage group starts with the most downstream CIP first and then moves upstream. This subsection provides a summary of the design criteria, developed projects, preliminary project construction cost estimate, and a summary of recommended operation and maintenance practices of each CIP.

Some of the boundaries of the drainage groups changed during the development of the CIPs as some CIPs modify the routing of stormwater to different outfalls to relieve flow from other drainage groups. Figure 7.1 shows the updated key map of the drainage groups under the potential CIPs.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 30 Figure 7.1 Key Map of Drainage Groups – Proposed Conditions

7.4.1 DG1.1
Capital Improvement Project DG1.1 consists of approximately 780 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.2. This project is not within the City’s jurisdiction as it is located entirely within the Caltrans right of way. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 80 linear feet of existing pipe on Highway 101 to 3-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 700 linear feet of existing pipe Highway 101 to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Installing 4 new drainage inlets
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 31 DG1.1 is anticipated to be processed under CEQA as a Categorical Exemption, given the work is confined to the existing Caltrans-managed Hwy 101 ROW with no outfall modification. Anticipated approvals include coordination with Caltrans as the construction lead and a County Coastal Development Permit (CDP) for the coastal-zone segment if confirmed, with avoidance considerations due to proximity to the Elk Creek tributary corridor. This assessment assumes construction remains within paved areas, riparian vegetation can be avoided, the outfall is protected in place, and any floodplain interaction remains minimal based on mapped proximity to Zone A.

DG1.1 is classified as a Third‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 22.

Figure 7.2 CIP DG1.1

7.4.2 DG2.1B
Capital Improvement Project DG2.1B consists of approximately 1850 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.3. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 1500 linear feet of existing pipe from 9th Street to 5th Street to 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe
– Upsizing approximately 200 linear feet of existing pipe from the corner of 5th Street and D Street to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe
– Replacing approximately 150 linear feet of existing lateral pipes GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 32 – Installing 11 new drainage inlets and 4 new manholes for maintenance access DG2.1B is anticipated to require streamlined CEQA documentation (likely Categorical Exemption) because it is primarily a developed urban ROW upsizing project with no outfall work at B Street Pier. Environmental approvals are expected to be minimal, with potential coastal‑zone considerations limited to the downstream segment near the harbor if coastal jurisdiction is confirmed. This assessment assumes all work stays within existing ROW, the outfall is protected in place, and no sensitive habitats are disturbed because the alignment is largely within developed streets.

DG2.1B is classified as a First‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 12.

Figure 7.3 CIP DG2.1B

7.4.3 DG2.2
Capital Improvement Project DG2.2 consists of approximately 1000 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.4. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 200 linear feet of existing pipe to 1.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 600 linear feet of existing pipe to 3-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 200 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 9 new drainage inlets and 3 new manholes for maintenance access GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 33 DG2.2 is anticipated to be processed under CEQA (likely Categorical Exemption) for pipeline upsizing within a developed urban ROW. If any portion is confirmed within the Coastal Zone, a City CDP may be required for the coastal‑zone segment; otherwise, permitting is expected to be limited to CEQA documentation. This assessment assumes work remains within existing ROW, no new discharge point is created, and the coastal‑zone boundary is verified during design to confirm whether a CDP trigger applies.

DG2.2 is classified as a Second‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 18.

Figure 7.4 CIP DG2.2

7.4.4 DG2.2B
Capital Improvement Project DG2.2B consists of approximately 850 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.5. This CIP drains B St between 6th and 2nd and connects existing pipes under houses or private property.

The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 750 linear feet of existing pipe to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 100 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 6 new drainage inlets and 3 new manholes for maintenance access DG2.2B is anticipated to qualify for CEQA Categorical Exemption because it is a conveyance improvement with limited environmental triggers and no coastal‑zone overlap identified. No coastal or resource‑agency permits are anticipated based on the developed setting and absence of mapped sensitive resources in the screening. This GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 34 assessment assumes any required easement acquisition is handled separately (outside environmental scope), construction remains within previously disturbed areas, and no outfall or jurisdictional water feature is directly affected.

DG2.2B spans multiple Census Block Groups with equity scores of 12 and 18 and is classified as a First‑ to Second‑priority equity project.

Figure 7.5 CIP DG2.2B

7.4.5 DG3.1A
Capital Improvement Project DG3.1A consists of approximately 2700 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.6. This CIP drains the area east of Highway 101 at the south end of the city. The area is tidally influenced and receives water from up basin limiting improvements in that region Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 350 linear feet of existing pipe to 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 2350 linear feet of existing pipe to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 25 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 8 new drainage inlets
DG3.1A is anticipated to require CEQA documentation beyond a simple exemption screening due to its intersection with a freshwater marsh setting and mapped Zone A floodplain. Potential approvals may include a FEMA Floodplain Development Permit and resource‑agency permits such as CDFW 1602 and RWQCB 401 if jurisdictional waters or GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 35 wetlands are crossed or disturbed. This assessment assumes the project remains outside the Coastal Zone, the outfall is not modified, and wetland delineation/jurisdiction will be confirmed during design to refine permit needs.

DG3.1A is classified as a Third‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 22.

Figure 7.6 CIP DG3.1A

7.4.6 DG3.1B
Capital Improvement Project DG3.1B consists of approximately 1750 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.7. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 1600 linear feet of existing pipe to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 150 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 11 new drainage inlets
DG3.1B is anticipated to require CEQA documentation because the alignment transitions from developed ROW into a wetland/natural area at the eastern portion. Potential approvals include CDFW 1602 and, if federal jurisdiction is present, USACE 404 with RWQCB 401, depending on whether work crosses jurisdictional drainage features. This assessment assumes the project remains outside the Coastal Zone, the outfall is protected in place, and wetland extent/jurisdiction will be verified to confirm whether 1602/404/401 are triggered.

DG3.1B spans multiple Census Block Groups with equity scores of 18 and 22 and is classified as a Second‑ to Third‑priority equity project.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 36 Figure 7.7 CIP DG3.1B

7.4.7 DG3.2A
Capital Improvement Project DG3.2A consists of approximately 1100 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.8. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 550 linear feet of existing pipe to 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 350 linear feet of existing pipe to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 200 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 11 new drainage inlets and 2 new manholes for maintenance access DG3.2A is anticipated to be processed under CEQA as a Categorical Exemption because it is standard pipe upsizing within a developed urban ROW outside the Coastal Zone. No coastal or resource-agency permits are anticipated based on the screening, provided no jurisdictional drainage is directly affected. This assessment assumes construction stays within existing disturbed ROW, avoids any unmapped drainage features, and does not modify the downstream outfall.

DG3.2A is classified as a Fourth‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 23.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 37 –
Figure 7.8 CIP DG3.2A

7.4.8 DG3.2B
Capital Improvement Project DG3.2B consists of approximately 3900 linear feet of pipe addition or upgrade shown below in Figure 7.9. This CIP directs flow from East Washington Blvd and East Hoover Ave away from Northcrest Drive. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Add approximately 950 linear feet of 3-foot diameter HDPE pipe from East Hoover Ave & Oregon Street to California Street & East Coolidge Ave
– Add approximately 300 linear feet of 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe connecting the existing East Washington Blvd system to the East Coolidge Ave system
– Add approximately 450 linear feet of 1-foot diameter HDPE pipe from Northcrest Drive & East Hoover Ave to East Hoover Ave & Oregon Street
– Upsizing approximately 650 linear feet of existing pipe along East Coolidge Ave to 3-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 400 linear feet of existing pipe along East Washington Blvd and Oregon Street to 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe
– Replacing or adding approximately 400 linear feet of lateral pipes – Installing 21 new drainage inlets and 6 new manholes for maintenance access GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 38 DG3.2B is anticipated to require CEQA documentation, with the level potentially increasing if any tie‑ins or interactions with jurisdictional drainage features occur at the western end. Resource‑agency permits such as CDFW 1602 and potentially USACE 404/RWQCB 401 may be needed if work affects a creek/drainage feature, but could remain limited if improvements stay within developed ROW. This assessment assumes the project does not impact Elk Creek or other jurisdictional waters, the outfall is protected in place, and the larger construction scale alone does not drive permitting unless resource impacts are present.

DG3.2B is classified as a Fourth‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 23.

Figure 7.9 CIP DG3.2B

7.4.9 DG3.2C
Capital Improvement Project DG3.2C consists of approximately 850 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.10. This CIP drains East Washington Blvd from Amador Street and Breen Street and directs flow to the greenway/creek. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 800 linear feet of existing pipe to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing or adding approximately 50 linear feet of lateral pipes – Installing 2 new drainage inlets
DG3.2C is anticipated to require CEQA at the Initial Study/Negative Declaration level due to its direct connection/discharge to a greenway/creek and partial Coastal Zone overlap. Expected approvals include CDFW 1602, GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 39 RWQCB 401, and potentially USACE 404, plus a City CDP for the coastal‑zone segment and supporting biological surveys. This assessment assumes the greenway/creek is potentially jurisdictional (to be confirmed), the design avoids unnecessary in‑channel work, and the discharge connection is refined during design to define exact agency triggers.

DG3.2C is classified as a Fourth‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 23.

Figure 7.10 CIP DG3.2C

7.4.10 DG3.3A
Capital Improvement Project DG3.3A consists of approximately 400 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.11. This CIP drains flooding that occurs at the South end of the city which may impact Highway 101 and Elk Valley Rd. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 350 linear feet of existing pipe to 1.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 50 linear feet of existing pipe to 1-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Installing 3 new drainage inlets
DG3.3A is anticipated to require CEQA documentation because the northern extent may intersect floodplain/wetland conditions and partially overlaps the Coastal Zone. Potential approvals include CDFW 1602, RWQCB 401, and possibly USACE 404, with FEMA and LCP/CDP applicability dependent on where construction limits ultimately fall.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 40 This assessment assumes the primary work remains within developed ROW, and permit requirements will be refined based on the final extent of construction at the northern terminus and confirmation of mapped resources.

DG3.3A spans multiple Census Block Groups with equity scores of 22 and 35 and is classified as a Third‑ to Fifth‑priority equity project.

Figure 7.11 CIP DG3.3A

7.4.11 DG3.3B
Capital Improvement Project DG3.3B consists of approximately 1300 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.12. This CIP alleviates flooding along Highway 101 at the south end of the City near the North/South split.

This project intersects the Caltrans right of way. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 1300 linear feet of existing pipe to 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Installing 7 new drainage inlets
DG3.3B is anticipated to require CEQA documentation with Caltrans typically serving as the CEQA lead due to construction within/adjacent to the Hwy 101 ROW. Anticipated approvals include a City CDP for the Coastal Zone segment and potential floodplain review (as indicated by mapped conditions), along with standard coordination requirements associated with Caltrans ROW work. This assessment assumes the project remains within existing transportation corridors, avoids expansion into sensitive habitats, and does not modify the receiving outfall.

DG3.3B spans multiple Census Block Groups with equity scores of 22 and 35 and is classified as a Third‑ to Fifth‑priority equity project.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 41 Figure 7.12 CIP DG3.3B

7.4.12 DG4.1A
Capital Improvement Project DG4.1A consists of approximately 1900 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.13. This CIP is intended to resolve the flooding at 5th & J and 4th & J by increasing capacity down K St. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 900 linear feet of existing pipe to 3-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 400 linear feet of existing pipe to 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 350 linear feet of existing pipe to 1.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 250 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 11 new drainage inlets and 10 new manholes for maintenance access DG4.1A is anticipated to be processed under CEQA as a Categorical Exemption because it is pipe upsizing within a fully developed downtown street grid with no identified environmental triggers. No coastal or resource‑agency permits are anticipated based on the developed setting and screening. This assessment assumes construction remains in existing ROW, avoids work in jurisdictional waters, and permitting can be bundled with DG4.1B to streamline documentation.

DG4.1A is classified as a Second‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 18
GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 42 Figure 7.13 CIP DG4.1A

7.4.13 DG4.1B
Capital Improvement Project DG4.1B consists of approximately 1850 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.14. This CIP is intended to resolve the flooding on J & 7th and 8th & K. This project is hydraulically dependent on the downstream capacity provided by DG4.1A. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 1200 linear feet of existing pipe to 2.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 300 linear feet of existing pipe to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 100 linear feet of existing pipe to 1.5-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 250 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 11 new drainage inlets and 5 new manholes for maintenance access DG4.1B is anticipated to be processed under CEQA documentation bundled with DG4.1A, likely as a Categorical Exemption for downtown ROW improvements. No additional coastal or resource‑agency permits are anticipated because the setting is fully developed and outside identified sensitive constraints. This assessment assumes DG4.1B is included under a single environmental submittal with DG4.1A, with no outfall modification and no disturbance beyond existing paved ROW.

DG4.1B is classified as a Second‑priority equity project based on its location within a Census Block Group with an equity score of 18.

GHD | City Of Crescent City | 12588710 | Crescent City Storm Drain Master Plan 43 Figure 7.14 CIP DG4.1B

7.4.14 DG4.2
Capital Improvement Project DG4.2 consists of approximately 1100 linear feet of pipe upgrade shown below in Figure 7.15. This project is hydraulically dependent on the downstream capacity provided by DG10.1. Pipe upsizing varies along the alignment based on local hydraulic constraints. The following improvements are included in the CIP:
– Upsizing approximately 600 linear feet of existing pipe to 4-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Upsizing approximately 350 linear feet of existing pipe to 2-foot diameter HDPE pipe – Replacing approximately 150 linear feet of existing lateral pipes – Installing 3 new drainage inlets and 4 new manholes for maintenance access DG4.2 is anticipated to require CEQA (likely Categorical Exemption) for ROW pipe upsizing, with a City CDP potentially required if the southern segment is confirmed within the Coastal Zone. No other resource‑agency permits are expected based on the developed setting unless unanticipated drainage features are encountered during design.

Crescent City City CouncilJune 15, 2026

Crescent City City Council
June 15, 2026