Cudahy City Council
February 15, 2022

AGENDA

A REGULAR MEETING

OF THE CUDAHY CITY COUNCIL
and JOINT MEETING of the
CITY OF CUDAHY AS SUCCESSOR AGENCY and HOUSING SUCCESSOR AGENCY

TO THE CUDAHY DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
Tuesday, February 15, 2022 – 6:30 P.M.

Written materials distributed to the City Council within 72 hours of the City Council meeting shall be available for public inspection at www.cityofcudahy.com In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, you should contact the City Clerk’s Office at (323) 773-5143 at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting.

Rules of Decorum
Under the Government Code, the City Council may regulate disruptive behavior that impedes the City Council Meeting.

Disruptive conduct may include, but is not limited to:
• Screaming or yelling during another audience member’s public comments period; • Profane language directed at individuals in the meeting room; • Throwing objects at other individuals in the meeting room; • Verbal altercations with other individuals in the meeting room; and • Going beyond the allotted three-minute public comment period granted.

When a person’s or group’s conduct disrupts the meeting, the Mayor or presiding officer will request that the person or group stop the disruptive behavior and WARN the person or group that they will be asked to leave the meeting room if the behavior continues.

If the person or group refuses to stop the disruptive behavior, the Mayor or presiding officer may order the person or group to leave the meeting room and may request that those persons be escorted from the meeting room. Any person who, without authority of law, willfully disturbs or breaks up a City Council meeting is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 403.)
Elizabeth Alcantar, Mayor
Jose R. Gonzalez, Vice Mayor
Jack M. Guerrero, Council Member
Blanca Lozoya, Council Member
Daisy Lomelí, Council Member

REMOTE TELECONFERENCE AND

ELECTRONICALLY
This meeting will be conducted telephonically
and electronically pursuant to Government
Code § 54953
Teleconference Phone Number:
1 (669) 900-6833
Meeting ID: 833 7355 0886
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83373550886

City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
February 15, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

1. CALL TO ORDER

2. ROLL CALL
Council / Agency Member Guerrero
Council / Agency Member Lozoya
Council / Agency Member Lomelí
Vice Mayor / Vice Chair Gonzalez
Mayor / Chair Alcantar

3. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

4. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge that the land we inhabit today was once known as Tovangaar, the home of the Gabrieleño-Tongva people. We show our respects to the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, as well as all Indigenous people, past, present, and future, and honor their labor as original caretakers of this land. We commit to uplifting the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, invite you to acknowledge the history, and join us in caring for this land.

5. PRESENTATIONS
A. Parks and Recreation Department Annual Update

6. CLOSED SESSION PUBLIC COMMENTS
(Each member of the public may provide a public comment telephonically or electronically if he or she wishes to address the City Council on closed session matters by clicking the hand icon on Zoom or pressing star (*) nine (9) on the telephone. During this time, members of the public are permitted to speak for three (3) minutes concerning only items on closed session.)

RECESS TO CLOSED SESSION
At this time, City Council will meet in closed session to go over items of business on the closed session agenda. Closed session discussion will end at 7:30 p.m. At that time, City Council will have the option to continue discussing closed session items after deliberating on all agenda items or continue the discussion to the next regular meeting. Once closed session is complete and the City Council returns from closed session into open session, members of the public may then rejoin the proceedings.

7. CLOSED SESSION
A. Closed Session Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957.6(a) – Conference with Labor Negotiator Regarding Represented Employees
City’s Designated Representative(s) for Negotiations: City Manager Alfonso Noyola

City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
February 15, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

Employee Organization: Cudahy Miscellaneous Employees Association (CMEA)

RECONVENE TO OPEN SESSION

8. CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT

9. PUBLIC COMMENTS
(Each member of the public may provide a public comment telephonically or electronically by clicking the hand icon on Zoom or pressing star (*) nine (9) on the telephone, if he or she wishes to address the City Council. Members of the public are permitted to speak for three (3) minutes concerning items under the City Council’s jurisdiction, including items on the council agenda.) (Any person who, without authority of law, willfully disturbs or breaks up a City Council meeting is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 403).)

10. CITY COUNCIL COMMENTS / REQUESTS FOR AGENDA ITEMS (Each Council Member is limited to three minutes.)
(This is the time for the City Council / Agency to comment on any topics related to “City Business,” including announcements, reflections on city / regional events, response to public comments, suggested discussion topics for future council meetings, general concerns about particular city matters, questions to the staff, and directives to the staff (subject to approval / consent of the City Council majority members present, regarding staff directives). Each Council / Agency Member will be allowed to speak for a period not to exceed three (3) minutes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the City Council Members shall not use this comment period for serial discussions or debate between members on City business matters not properly agendized. The City Attorney shall be responsible for regulating this aspect of the proceeding.)

11. CITY MANAGER REPORT (information only)

12. REPORTS REGARDING AD HOC, ADVISORY, STANDING, OR OTHER COMMITTEE

MEETINGS

13. WAIVER OF FULL READING OF RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES (Consideration to waive full text reading of all Resolutions and Ordinances by single motion made at the start of each meeting, subject to the ability of the City Council / Agency to read the full text of selected resolutions and ordinances when the item is addressed by subsequent motion.) (COUNCIL / AGENCY)
Recommendation: Approve the Waiver of Full Reading of Resolutions and Ordinances.

City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
February 15, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

14. CONSENT CALENDAR
(Items under the Consent Calendar are considered routine and will be enacted by one motion. There will be no separate discussion of these items unless a Council / Agency Member so requests, in which event the item will be removed from the Consent Calendar and considered separately.) A. Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of February 1, 2022, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission (page 7) Presented by the City Clerk
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for February 1, 2022.

B. Approval to Adopt a Resolution for Proposition 68 Per Capita Grant Funds to utilize towards the Clara Street Expansion Park Project (page 17)
Presented by the Parks and Recreation Manager
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve a Resolution to file applications for grant funds from the Los Angeles County regional park and open space district for Per Capita funding to go towards the renovation of Expansion Park.

C. Adoption of Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. DA 20-01 re:
construction of a Mixed-Use Senior Housing Development for the property located at 4610 Santa Ana Street (APN 6224-019-901) (page 23)
Presented by the Interim Community Development Manager
Recommendation: City Council is requested to:

Adopt on Second Reading: Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. 20-01 (“Agreement”) entitled “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement” for the Senior Mixed Use Development Project.

D. Adoption of Proposed Resolution No. 22-07 Proclaiming a Local Emergency, Ratifying the Proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and Re-Authorizing Remote Teleconference Meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City of Cudahy, for the Period from February 15, 2022, through March 17, 2022, Pursuant to Brown Act Provisions (page 45)

City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
February 15, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

Presented by the City Attorney
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve proposed Resolution No. 22-07 proclaiming a local emergency, ratifying the proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and re-authorizing remote teleconference meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City of Cudahy, for the period from February 15, 2022, through March 17, 2022, pursuant to Ralph M. Brown Act provisions.

E. Adoption of Resolution No. 22-08 Authorizing Submittal of Application for SB 1383 Local Assistance Grant Program (page 53)
Presented by the Management Analyst
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to adopt Resolution No. 22-08 Authorizing Submittal of Application for Senate Bill 1383 (SB 1383) Local Assistance Grant Program.

15. PUBLIC HEARING
A. A Public Hearing to Consider and Adopt Resolution No. 22-09 of the City of Cudahy City Council Approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) (page 59)
Presented by the Management Analyst
Recommendation: City Council is requested to Adopt Resolution No. 22-09, approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).

B. General Plan Amendment 21-01 - City of Cudahy 6th Cycle Housing Element Update – Citywide (page 67)
Presented by the Interim Community Development Manager
Recommendation: City Staff recommends that the City Council of the City of Cudahy (the “City”):

1. Open the public hearing

2. Receive public comments

3. Approve on First Reading, Ordinance 718 approving General Plan Amendment 21-01, adopting the 2021 - 2029 6th Cycle Housing Element, and approving the Addendum to Cudahy General Plan 2040 EIR (SCH#2017071071) for the draft Housing Element Update.

City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
February 15, 2022, at 6:30 P.M.

16. BUSINESS SESSION
A. City Council consideration of Third Amendment to the Exclusive Negotiating Agreements by and between the City of Cudahy and Camerra Capital for the Long-Range Property Management Plan Site 1 and GloGreen, LLC for the Long-Range Property Management Plan Site 6 (page 303) Presented by the City Attorney
Recommendation: The City Council is recommended to approve the proposed third amendment to the Exclusive Negotiation Agreements by and between the City of Cudahy and Camerra Capital for Site 1 and GloGreen, LLC for Site

6. B. Midyear Budget Review of City of Cudahy’s Fiscal Year 2021-2022 (page 363) Presented by the Acting Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to receive and file the Fiscal Year (FY) 2021- 2022 Mid-Year Budget review and related reports.

17. COUNCIL DISCUSSION

18. ADJOURNMENT
I, Richard Iglesias, hereby certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing agenda was posted on the City’s Website, City Hall, Bedwell Hall, Clara Park, and Lugo Park not less than 72 hours prior to the meeting. A copy of said Agenda is on file in the City Clerk’s Office.

Dated this 10th day of February 2022
Richard Iglesias, CMC
City Clerk

“Serving the People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
02/15/2022 Page 1 of 2

STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Richard Iglesias, City Clerk
Subject: Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of February 1, 2022, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for February 1, 2022.

BACKGROUND / ANALYSIS
On December 12, 2016, the City Council of the City of Cudahy adopted Resolution No. 16-38, approving the use of summary action minutes, meant to allow the City Clerk's Office to write the minutes in brief, assuring a record of Council's actions, due to having a recording of the full Council Meeting on the City’s website.

Historically
The Municipal Clerk is one of the oldest professions in government, dating back to 1272 A.D., originating in England. The record keeper then was called Remembrancer, an English official whose job was to remind the Lord Treasurer and Barons of Court, of business pending.

Years later, in the 1600s, when early colonists came to America, the office of the Clerk was one of the first offices to be established. Over the years, the City Clerk’s office has become the core for local government, and the liaison to the residents of the Community. The Municipal Clerk (City Clerk) is the record keeper of a City’s recorded history.

Item Number
14A

“Serving the People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
02/15/2022 Page 2 of 2
William Bennett Munro, a Canadian historian, and political scientist, who taught at Harvard University and the California Institute of Technology, stated in one of his first textbooks written: “No other office in municipal service has so many contacts. It serves the Mayor, the City Council, the City Manager (when there is one), and all administrative departments, without exception. All of them call upon it, almost daily, for some service or information. Its work is not spectacular, but it demands versatility, alertness, accuracy, and no end of patience.

The public does not realize how many loose ends of city administration this office pulls together.”
Moving forward to the present time, the City Clerk’s office today is generally responsible for keeping a record of City Council meetings; agreements; recordings of official documents; legal advertisements; municipal elections; commissions and committees current files; claims against the city; and other legal or official documents.

City Clerks are required to keep record of the proceedings (minutes) of Council meetings (Government Code Sections 36814 and 40801). Minutes are the official record of a meeting which provides a history of the Council’s decisions and actions.

CONCLUSION
City Council is requested to approve the attached City Council / Agency Draft Minutes of the proceedings of February 1, 2022.

FINANCIAL IMPACT
No Financial Impact.

ATTACHMENT
A. Draft Minutes February 1, 2022
B. Resolution No. 16-38, approving the City Clerk’s use of Summary Action Minutes as the Official Record of the City Council proceedings.

City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/1/22 Page 1 of 5

MINUTES
CUDAHY CITY COUNCIL REGUAR MEETING and
CITY OF CUDAHY AS SUCCESSOR AGENCY and

HOUSING SUCCESSOR AGENCY TO THE CUDAHY

DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION JOINT MEETING
February 1, 2022 6:30 P.M.

1. CALL TO ORDER
Mayor / Chair Alcantar called the meeting to order at 6:35 p.m.

2. ROLL CALL
PRESENT: Council / Agency Member Blanca Lozoya
Council / Agency Member Daisy Lomelí
Vice Mayor / Vice Chair Jose R. Gonzalez (came in at 6:39 p.m.) Mayor / Chair Elizabeth Alcantar
ABSENT: Council / Agency Member Jack M. Guerrero
ALSO PRESENT: City Manager, Alfonso Noyola, City Attorney, Victor Ponto, City Clerk, Richard Iglesias, Junior Deputy City Clerk, Estefania Zamora, Interim Finance Director, Charles Ortiz, Interim Community Development Manager, Salvador Lopez and Public Works
Director/Engineer, Aaron Hernandez.

3. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The Pledge of Allegiance was led by Council Member Lomelí.

4. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Land Acknowledgment was led by Council Member Lomelí.

We would like to acknowledge that the land we inhabit today was once known as Tovangaar, the home of the Gabrieleño-Tongva people. We show our respects to the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, as well as all Indigenous people, past, present, and future, and honor their labor as original caretakers of this land. We commit to uplifting the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, invite you to acknowledge the history, and join us in caring for this land.

5. PRESENTATIONS – NONE

6. CLOSED SESSION PUBLIC COMMENTS – NONE

7. CLOSED SESSION – NONE

8. CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT – NONE
Attachment A Page 9 of 371
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/1/22 Page 2 of 5 Mayor Alcantar requested to table item 16C to the next regular meeting on February 15, 2022, due to the new hire of the Finance Director.

Motion: Mayor Alcantar motioned to table item 16C to next meeting of February 15, 2022, seconded by Council Member Lomelí. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Alcantar, and Gonzalez
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: None

9. PUBLIC COMMENTS
Edin Enamorado congratulated Council Lomeli on the land acknowledgment, stated there is a lot of misinformation whether this was Tongva or Kizh land, commented on street vendors mentioned how hard it is for them to obtain permits and hopes the city can follow with LA County Board of Supervisors, asked Council whether the City still has containers in the parks for emergency food supplies when there are earthquakes, also commented on the Prima Development and his concerns of conflict of interest.

Susie commented on the KIPP project, reminded Council that Cudahy Alliance for Justice won the litigation where KIPP is required to do a legal binding clean-up, mentioned they need Council’s support to ensure the clean-up is done with oversight of DTSC, also commented on previous speaker Edin Enamorando comments and to look into any conflict of interest. Also stated Cudahy Youth Foundation is applying for the permit and sale of firework stand and requested a fee waiver and their support.

10. CITY COUNCIL COMMENTS / REQUESTS FOR AGENDA ITEMS
Council Member Lomelí responded to public comment speaker regarding which tribe inhabited this land first and stated the City worked with Tongva members who verified the most accurate information, commented on supporting the Cudahy Youth Foundation, asked staff to schedule an Education Ad-Hoc Committee meeting.

Council Member Lozoya stated she would like more information and clarification on the Prima Development item.

Mayor Alcantar commented on the item for street vendors to better support them and ensure they are able to participate, wants the City to start talking about a community workforce agreement to ensure residents have quality jobs, quality benefits and safety at the workplace and hoping to see the item on a future agenda.

11. CITY MANAGER REPORT (information only)

12. REPORTS REGARDING AD HOC, ADVISORY, STANDING OR OTHER COMMITTEE MEETINGS – NONE

13. WAIVER OF FULL READING OF RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES

City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/1/22 Page 3 of 5 Motion: Council Member Lomelí motioned to waive full reading of resolutions and ordinances, seconded by Council Member Lozoya. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Alcantar, and Gonzalez
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: None

14. CONSENT CALENDAR
A. Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of January 18, 2022, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for January 18, 2022.

Motion: Vice Mayor Gonzalez motioned to approve Consent Calendar, seconded by Council Member Lozoya. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: None

15. PUBLIC HEARING
A. First Amendment to Development Agreement No. DA 20-01 re: construction of a Mixed-Use Senior Housing Development for the property located at 4610 Santa Ana Street (APN 6224-019-901)
Presented by the Interim Community Development Director Recommendation: Staff recommends that the City Council of the City of Cudahy (the “City”): Adopt on First Reading: Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. 20-01 (“Agreement”) entitled “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement” for the Senior Mixed Use Development Project.

Mayor Alcantar opened up public comment.

Public Comments:

Susie thanked the Mayor for bringing up having more availability of the low income housing, commented on ministerial projects, how the community is going to be informed of changes regarding this project and requested more transparency.

City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/1/22 Page 4 of 5 Edin Enamorado alleged there was a conflict of interest between the developer and the city attorney's office for this project.

Mayor Alcantar closed public comment.

Motion: Council Member Lomelí motioned to adopt on First Reading: Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. 20-01 (“Agreement”) entitled “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement” for the Senior Mixed Use Development Project, seconded by Council Member Lozoya. Motion passed 3-0-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: Lozoya

16. BUSINESS SESSION
A. Adoption of Resolution No. 22-05 Supporting a Legislation to Modernize the California Retail Food Code to Create Opportunities for Sidewalk Food Vendors Presented by the City Clerk
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to adopt Resolution No. 22-05 Supporting a Legislation to Modernize the California Retail Food Code to Create Opportunities for Sidewalk Food Vendors.

Mayor Alcantar motioned adopt Resolution No. 22-05 Supporting a Legislation to Modernize the California Retail Food Code to Create Opportunities for Sidewalk Food Vendors, seconded by Vice Mayor Gonzalez. Motion passed 3-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: None
B. Consideration to Approve a Professional Services Agreement to Kimely-Horn and Associates, Inc., to provide Planning and Engineering Services for Preparation of Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) in the City of Cudahy, California Presented by the Public Works Director/City Engineer
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve a Professional Services Agreement with Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., to provide Planning and Engineering Services for Preparation of Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) in the City of Cudahy, for a not-to-exceed amount of $44,424.98.

City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 2/1/22 Page 5 of 5 Vice Mayor Gonzalez motioned to approve a Professional Services Agreement with Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., to provide Planning and Engineering Services for Preparation of Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) in the City of Cudahy, for a not-to-exceed amount of $44,424.98., seconded by Council Member Lozoya. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: None
C. Midyear Budget Review of City of Cudahy’s Fiscal Year 2021-2022 – ITEM TABLED Presented by the Acting Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to receive and file the Fiscal Year (FY) 2021-2022 Mid-Year Budget review and related reports.

17. COUNCIL DISCUSSION – NONE

18. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Alcantar motioned to adjourn the City Council / Agency meeting at 7:27 p.m., seconded by Council Member Lozoya. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Lozoya, Lomelí, Gonzalez and Alcantar
NOES: None
ABSENT: Guerrero
ABSTAIN: None

Elizabeth Alcantar
Mayor
ATTEST:

Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

Attachment
B

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“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
02/15/2022 Page 1 of 1

STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Victor Maria Santiago, Parks and Recreation Manager Subject: Approval to Adopt a Resolution for Proposition 68 Per Capita Grant Funds to utilize towards the Clara Street Expansion Park Project

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to approve a Resolution to file applications for grant funds from the Los Angeles County regional park and open space district for Per Capita funding to go towards the renovation of Expansion Park.

BACKGROUND/ANALYSIS
On December 7, 2021, City Council approved Resolution No. 21-47 approving application(s) for the Per Capita grant fund. Staff forwarded a copy of the fully executed resolution to Sacramento’s Grant & Local Services Office. Staff was then notified of a typographical/clerical error on Resolution No. 21-47, that the City cannot be the Authorize Representative; it needs to be a position within the City, such as the City Manger or the Director of Parks and Recreation, etc. Therefore, staff is submitting a new resolution with the updated language.

CONCLUSION
Staff recommends that the City Council approve the authorizing resolution to be included as part of a complete application to pursue Per Capita funds.

FISCAL IMPACT
No fiscal impact.

ATTACHMENTS:

A. Resolution No. 22-06
Item Number
14B

RESOLUTION NO. 22-06

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

CUDAHY, CALIFORNIA APPROVING FOR PER CAPITA GRANT
FUNDS
WHEREAS, the State Department of Parks and Recreation has been delegated the responsibility by the Legislature of the State of California for the administration of the Per Capita Grant Program, setting up necessary procedures governing application(s); and WHEREAS, said procedures established by the State Department of Parks and Recreation require the grantee’s Governing Body to certify by resolution the approval of project application(s) before submission of said applications to the State; and WHEREAS, the grantee will enter into a contract(s) with the State of California to complete project(s);

NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY, AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1. Approves the filing of project application(s) for Per Capita program grant project(s); and
SECTION 2. Certifies that said grantee has or will have available, prior to commencement of project work utilizing Per Capita funding, sufficient funds to complete the project(s); and
SECTION 3. Certifies that the grantee has or will have sufficient funds to operate and maintain the project(s), and
SECTION 4. Certifies that all projects proposed will be consistent with the park and recreation element of the City of Cudahy general or recreation plan (PRC §80063(a)), and
SECTION 5. Certifies that these funds will be used to supplement, not supplant, local revenues in existence as of June 5, 2018 (PRC §80062(d)), and SECTION 6. Certifies that it will comply with the provisions of §1771.5 of the State Labor Code, and
SECTION 7. (PRC §80001(b)(8)(A-G)) To the extent practicable, as identified in the “Presidential Memorandum--Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in Our National Parks, National Forests, and Other Public Lands and Waters,” dated January 12, 2017, the City of Cudahy will consider a range of actions that include, but are not limited to, the following:
(A) Conducting active outreach to diverse populations, particularly minority, lowincome, and disabled populations and tribal communities, to increase awareness within those communities and the public generally about specific programs and Attachment A Page 18 of 371
opportunities.
(B) Mentoring new environmental, outdoor recreation, and conservation leaders to increase diverse representation across these areas.
(C) Creating new partnerships with state, local, tribal, private, and nonprofit organizations to expand access for diverse populations. (D) Identifying and implementing improvements to existing programs to increase visitation and access by diverse populations, particularly minority, low-income, and disabled populations and tribal communities.
(E) Expanding the use of multilingual and culturally appropriate materials in public communications and educational strategies, including through social media strategies, as appropriate, that target diverse populations. (F) Developing or expanding coordinated efforts to promote youth engagement and empowerment, including fostering new partnerships with diversity-serving and youth-serving organizations, urban areas, and programs. (G) Identifying possible staff liaisons to diverse populations.

SECTION 8. Agrees that to the extent practicable, the project(s) will provide workforce education and training, contractor and job opportunities for disadvantaged communities (PRC §80001(b)(5)).

SECTION 9. Certifies that the grantee shall not reduce the amount of funding otherwise available to be spent on parks or other projects eligible for funds under this division in its jurisdiction. A one-time allocation of other funding that has been expended for parks or other projects, but which is not available on an ongoing basis, shall not be considered when calculating a recipient’s annual expenditures. (PRC §80062(d)).

SECTION 10. Certifies that the grantee has reviewed, understands, and agrees to the General Provisions contained in the contract shown in the Procedural Guide; and SECTION 11. Delegates the authority to the City of Cudahy City Manager, or designee to conduct all negotiations, sign and submit all documents, including, but not limited to applications, agreements, amendments, and payment requests, which may be necessary for the completion of the grant scope(s); and SECTION 12. Agrees to comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws, ordinances, rules, regulations and guidelines.

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Cudahy at their regular meeting of this 15th day of February 2022.

Elizabeth Alcantar
Mayor
ATTEST:

____________________________
Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

CERTIFICATION

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) SS:

CITY OF CUDAHY )

I, Richard Iglesias, City Clerk of the City of Cudahy, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 22-06 was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Cudahy, signed by the Mayor and attested by the City Clerk at a regular meeting of said Council held on the 15th day of February 2022 and that said Resolution was adopted by the following vote, to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

___________________________
Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

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“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
02/15/2022 Page 1 of 5

STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Salvador Lopez Jr., Interim Community Development Manager Brian Byun, Of Counsel, BBK Law
Subject: Adoption of Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. DA 20-01 re: construction of a Mixed-Use Senior Housing Development for the property located at 4610 Santa Ana Street (APN 6224-019-901)
RECOMMENDATION:

City Council is requested to:

Adopt on Second Reading: Ordinance No. 717 - First Amendment to Development Agreement No. 20-01 (“Agreement”) entitled “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement” for the Senior Mixed Use Development Project.

BACKGROUND/PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

At the February 1, 2022 City Council Meeting, the City Council considered the project proposal, opened the public hearing, received public testimony and adopted on first reading Ordinance No. 717.

The Project, as initially proposed by Prima Development (“Applicant” or “Developer”), included the construction of a new six-story senior mixed-use development located on a 58,340 square foot (1.33 acre) lot. The zoning of the Property is Entertainment (E). The Project, as initially proposed, comprised one hundred sixty-three one-bedroom units ranging in size from 485 to 509 square feet, fourteen 717-square-foot two-bedroom apartments (all intended for affordable senior housing), a 945-square-foot two-bedroom manager’s apartment, and approximately 23,000 square feet of ground-floor commercial uses, including a walk-in medical clinic and an adult health day-care center.

On September 28, 2020, the Planning Commission approved or recommended for City Council approval several entitlements related to the project. Besides the DRP and Agreement, the Commission also approved Conditional Use Permit 38-376 to permit a 222% density bonus and associated concessions (“CUP”); Zoning Code Amendment No. 90-12 to allow medical offices and adult day health care facilities as conditional uses of the Project (“ZCA”); and an Addendum Item Number
14C

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to the General Plan EIR (SCH 2017071071) for the Project (“EIR Addendum” and collectively with the DRP, DA, CUP, and ZCA, the “Entitlements”). For a complete description of the Project and the Entitlements, please refer to the Planning Commission agenda report dated September 28, 2020, which is incorporated by reference herein.

On August 16, 2021, the Planning Commission approved Modification of the DRP and recommended for City Council approval Modification of the Agreement to account for, among other changes to the Project, a slight increase in the lot size, a decrease in overall density of the Project, and a decrease in the overall area of the Project. On October 13, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 20-32 approving, Ordinance No. 711, which approved and adopted the Agreement, which superseded the original development agreement between the City and Developer.

The Applicant now seeks modification of the DRP, pursuant to the comparison table attached hereto as Attachment 1, which is incorporated herein by reference, and specifically the changes in the “Proposed Amendments to Development Agreement” column, which include but are not limited to a reduction in the size of the Project, a decrease in overall units of the Project, and an increase in the number of permanent supportive housing units in the Project. A summary of each change is detailed in the far-right “Change Summary” column.

The Applicant also seeks modification of the Agreement, pursuant to the First Amendment attached hereto as Attachment 2, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION:

MODIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENT REVIEW PERMIT
(Considered by the Planning Commission at the January 31, 2022, Planning Commission Meeting)
The development review process is established to improve the general standards and orderly development through review of design, layout and other features of proposed developments and their environs prior to submission of plans for construction. Here, the DRP was initially approved by the Planning Commission in September 2020 and by the City Council in October 2020. It was modified and approved by the Planning Commission in August 16, 2021.

At the time of Planning Commission approval, the proposed Project met General Plan and Zoning standards for use (mixed-use), building height, density, floor area ratio, and front and side setbacks. Although the common and private open space areas did not meet or exceed zoning standards, the City waived these shortcomings as concessions granted under the density bonus conditional use permit (CUP 38-376) (“CUP”), which was also approved in fall 2020. The proposed modifications do not disturb the status quo established by the DRP and CUP, as approved by the Planning Commission and City Council last fall.

Table 1 below compares the Project’s characteristics with development standards.

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Table 1
Development Standards: Required vs. Proposed Project
General
Plan Zoning Density Height Setbacks(Commercial)
Setbacks
(Residential)
Min Floor
Area
(1-2 BR)
Parking
Private
Open
Space
per unit
Common
Open
Space
Required Ent. Ent.
1,089 SF
40 du/acre
maximum
4+4
with DA
Front: 0 ft
Side: 0 ft.

Rear: 0ft.

Front: 0 ft
Side: 10 ft.

Rear: 10 ft.
700 SF 1 BR
900 SF 2 BR
Residential

0.5 space/unit
87 spaces
Commercial/
Medical
94 spaces
181 total
200
SF/Unit
=
34,800 SF
280 SF/Unit
=
48,720 SF
Approved in
__/2021 Ent. Ent.
177
affordable
dwelling
units
6 stories
Front: 0 ft.

Side: 5’-8” &
58’-0”
Rear: 68’-3”.

Front: 0 ft.

Side: 5’-8” &
29’-0”
Rear: 38’-9”
485-509 SF 1
BR
717 SF 2 BR
Residential

0.5 space/unit
93 spaces
Commercial/
Medical
67 spaces
160 total
16,086 SF 11,552 SF
Consistent? YES YES NO YES YES YES NO YES NO NO
Required Ent. Ent.
1,089 SF
40 du/acre
maximum
4+4
with DA
Front: 0 ft
Side: 0 ft.

Rear: 0ft.

Front: 0 ft
Side: 10 ft.

Rear: 10 ft.
700 SF 1 BR
900 SF 2 BR
Residential

0.5 space/unit
71 spaces
Commercial/
Medical
66 spaces
137 total
200
SF/Unit
=
28,000 SF
280 SF/Unit
=
39,200 SF
Proposed Ent. Ent.
140
affordable
dwelling
units
5 stories
Front: 0 ft.

Side: 5’-8” &
58’-0”
Rear: 68’-3”
Front: 0 ft.

Side: 5’-8” &
29’-0”
Rear: 38’-9”
485-509 SF 1
BR
717 SF 2 BR
Residential

0.5 space/unit
72 spaces
Commercial/
Medical
66 spaces
138 total
13,000 SF 11,552 SF
Consistent? YES YES NO YES YES YES NO YES NO NO
Table 1 shows that, as with the fall 2021 modified DRP, the proposed modified development complies strictly with all applicable development standards for development of new mixed-use developments in the Entertainment Zone with the exception of requested concessions associated with the Project’s density bonus, which were approved in the CUP.

The table below compares floor area detailed information for the proposed units – as between what was approved by the Planning Commission in September 2020, September 21, 2021, and what is being proposed today:

September 2020 Number of units Number of Bedrooms Habitable Area 155 One-bedroom units 81,685 sq. ft.
24 Two-bedroom units 17,136 sq. ft.

Manager’s Unit Two-bedroom unit 945 sq. ft.

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September 21, 2021 163 One-bedroom units 79,055 – 82,967 sq. ft. 14 Two-bedroom units 10,038 sq. ft.

Manager’s Unit Two-bedroom unit 945 sq. ft.

PROPOSED 129 One-bedroom units 62,565 – 65,661 sq ft.
11 Two-bedroom units 7,887 sq ft.
2 Manager’s Units Two-bedroom units 1,890 sq ft.

The development also includes private open spaces for each unit, although not at the required 200 SF per unit. This was one of the density bonus concessions granted by the City. A series of common open spaces are provided throughout which total also fell short of requirements, but was another concession granted by the City associated with the density bonus. Applicant does not propose to reduce the common open space from 11,552 SF, which was approved in fall 2021. The reduction was necessitated by accessibility requirements from the Los Angeles County Fire Department. Correspondingly, in fall 2021, Applicant increased private open space from 9,550 SF to 16,086 SF, but now, seeks to reduce that amount to 13,000 SF.

With the proposed reduction of overall units, the minimum number of on-site residential parking spaces is also reduced – by 19 parking spaces, to 72 spaces. Applicant proposes to eliminate extra residential guest parking and have an overall residential parking space count of 72. With respect to commercial parking spaces, Applicant proposes to (i) reduce the size of the Pace Center and (ii) re-categorize the “non profit” spaces to be “general office” (at more than three times the floor area), resulting in an overall increase of spaces from 64 to 66. The table below identifies the number of spaces required by the Zoning Code and proposed by this modification.

Type of unit # of spaces required # of spaces provided
1-2 Bedrooms 71 spaces
(0.5 spaces/unit)
72 spaces
Commercial/Office Commercial – 66 66 spaces
A total of 138 parking spaces is proposed to be provided. Additionally, bicycle parking spaces for both residential and commercial will also continue to be provided in accordance with the CalGreen Building Code.

MODIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT (Considered Recommending Approval by the Planning Commission at their January 31, 2022, Meeting)
Applicant requests changes to various provisions of the Agreement, the form of Density Bonus Agreement (attached as Exhibit B-1 to the Agreement), and the form of Regulatory Agreement (attached as Exhibit B-2 to the Agreement) that reflect, support, and conform to the above proposed changes to the Project -- namely:

1. Reduction of overall units from 177 to 140;

2. Increase in number of permanent supportive housing units from 50 to up to 68;

3. Lowering of age eligibility from 62 to 55 for permanent supportive housing units; and

4. Clarification that Applicant will enter into Community Workforce Agreements to cover specific trades providing construction labor services in connection with the Project.

5. Modification to allow for Minor Modifications and Operating Memoranda, rather than City Council approval, for any changes within certain parameters.

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ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW:

The recommended actions are not subject to review under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), because the proposed modifications are covered by the previously approved EIR Addendum. The proposed modifications fall within the scope of the previously approved EIR Addendum and are consistent with the analysis already set forth in the Addendum. No new information of substantial importance showing any new significant environmental impacts (such as changes in the nature of the acquisition, changes in the circumstances under which the acquisition is undertaken, or new information) has become available. Thus, no further CEQA review is required. (Pub. Resources Code § 21166; 14 Cal. Code Regs. § 15162.) ATTACHMENTS:

A. Ordinance No. 717

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ORDINANCE NO. 717

AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

CUDAHY, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING THE FIRST AMENDMENT

TO DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT FOR CERTAIN REAL
PROPERTY LOCATED AT 4610 SANTA ANA STREET
(ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBER 6224-019-014) PURSUANT TO
CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 65864 ET SEQ.
(DEVELOPER: PRIMA DEVELOPMENT, A CALIFORNIA

NONPROFIT PUBLIC BENEFIT CORPORATION)
WHEREAS, the City of Cudahy (“City”) is authorized, pursuant to California Government Code §§ 65864 through 65869.5 and Part 9 of Title 20, Chapter 20.84 of the Cudahy Municipal Code to enter into binding development agreements and amendments thereto with persons having legal or equitable interests in real property for the development of such property in order to, among other things: encourage and provide for the development of public facilities in order to support development projects; provide certainty in the approval of development projects in order to avoid the waste of resources and the escalation in project costs and encourage investment in and commitment to comprehensive land use planning which will make maximum efficient utilization of resources at the least economic cost to the public; provide assurance to the applicants of development projects: (i) that they may proceed with their projects in accordance with existing policies, rules and regulations, subject to the conditions of approval of such projects and provisions of such development agreements, and (ii) encourage private participation in comprehensive planning and reduce the private and public economic costs of development; and
WHEREAS, the City of Cudahy as successor to the former Cudahy Community Development Commission (the “Successor Agency”) owned a vacant

1.34-acre (58,357 square feet) parcel located at 4610 Santa Ana Street, Cudahy, CA 90201 (APN No. 6224-019-014) (the “Property”); and
WHEREAS, the Consolidated Oversight Board for Los Angeles County authorized the transfer of title of the Property from the Successor Agency to the City by quitclaim deed pursuant to Oversight Board Resolution No. OB-2020-04 dated November 9; and,
WHEREAS, the City Council authorized the acceptance of such transfer of Site 3 at its meeting of November 17, 2020, pursuant to the terms of the quitclaim deed; and,
WHEREAS, the State Department of Finance (the “DOF”) determined, by letter dated December 17, 2020, that the disposition of land contemplated in Oversight Board Resolution No. OB-2020-04 requires no action on the part of the Attachment A Page 28 of 371
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DOF given the land transfer’s consistency with the Successor Agency’s approved Long-Range Property Management Plan (“LRPMP”); and
WHEREAS, City desires that upon the disposition of the Property by the City to the Developer that the Property shall be developed in a manner consistent with the Entertainment Subdistrict of the Atlantic District use designation of the City’s General Plan, and the Entertainment zoning classification of the City Zoning Code; and
WHEREAS, Developer and the City have entered into an Exclusive Negotiation Agreement, dated as of November 18, 2020, pursuant to which the Developer has proposed to acquire the Property from the City on terms mutually acceptable to the City and the Developer; and
WHEREAS, on or about October 19, 2021, City and Developer entered into a Mixed-Use Senior Citizen Affordable Housing Purchase And Sale Agreement And Joint Escrow Instructions (“Purchase Agreement”) for transfer of the Property from City to Developer. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement Developer holds an equitable interest in the Property; and WHEREAS, separately, the Developer has submitted a development project application to the City dated September 16, 2020, for the construction and improvement on the Property of mixed-use development or “Project” which includes (i) the new construction of a Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) project for very low income and homeless seniors (inclusive of a density bonus) over ground level, which is a permitted use pursuant to CMC section 20.20.020 (the “Senior Citizen Housing Project”); and (ii) an onsite healthcare clinic and other wellness-related uses, as well as space for a community-based organization and a common area on-site vehicle parking facility for both the Senior Housing Project and the Healthcare Office Project, which is also a permitted use pursuant to CMC section 20.20.020 (“Healthcare Office Project”) and Developer expects it to qualify as a basis-eligible community service facility under Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, Section 42(d)(4)(c); and WHEREAS, pursuant to the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (Pub. Resources Code, § 21000 et seq.) (“CEQA”) and the state guidelines for CEQA (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 14, § 15000 et seq.) (“CEQA Guidelines”), the City is the “lead agency” for the preparation and consideration of environmental documentation for the Project. In 2018, the City prepared an update to its General Plan and Zoning Code (CMC Title 20) and prepared and certified the associated “Cudahy General Plan Update Environmental Impact Report” (State Clearinghouse No. 2017071071) (hereinafter, the “EIR”). The EIR was certified by the Cudahy City Council (the “City Council”) on March 20, 2018 and focused on the impacts from changes to land use associated with buildout of the land use plan set forth in the update to the General Plan and impacts from the resulting population and employment growth in the City; and

55733.00004\34773924.1
WHEREAS, the City Council’s 2018 approval of the EIR included approval of that certain EIR exhibit document entitled, “CEQA Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations regarding the Final Program Environmental Impact Report for the City of Cudahy General Plan Update” (the “EIR Findings”). The EIR Findings provide requisite CEQA findings for the EIR and identify specific reasons why the update to the General Plan and Zoning Code are acceptable despite significant impacts that are infeasible to mitigate; and
WHEREAS, in connection with the approval of the Original Development Agreement, an addendum to the EIR (the “Addendum”) was prepared pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15164 in order to determine whether any significant environmental impacts which were not identified in the EIR would result from the Project or whether previously identified significant impacts would be substantially more severe in connection with the Original Development Agreement; and WHEREAS, the City Council previously approved Resolution No. 20-32 approving and adopting a Development Agreement and the Addendum as the appropriate environmental document for the Project, pursuant to the findings set forth therein; and approved Ordinance No. 711 approving and adopting the Development Agreement (“Original Development Agreement”); and WHEREAS, on September 21, 2021, the City Council held a duly noticed public hearing and approved Ordinance No. 715, which adopted an Amended and Restated Development Agreement that superseded the Original Development Agreement; and
WHEREAS, on February 1, 2022, the City Council held a duly noticed public hearing to consider approval of a First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement (the “First Amendment to DA”); WHEREAS, City desires to accomplish the goals and objectives set forth in City’s General Plan, and finds that the Project, as modified, will accomplish their goals and objectives. The City has determined that the Project is consistent with the General Plan, the Entertainment Zone and the Existing Land Use Regulations, as defined below; and
WHEREAS, as consideration for the benefits gained by Developer from the vested rights acquired pursuant to the Development Agreement Statute, the City is requiring that Developer construct and install certain public improvements and provide other public benefits in connection with the Project; and WHEREAS, in order to avoid any misunderstandings or disputes which may arise from time to time between Developer and City concerning the proposed Project and to assure each party of the intention of the other as to the processing of any land use entitlements which now or hereafter may be required

55733.00004\34773924.1
for the Project, the Parties believe it is desirable to set forth their intentions and understandings in this First Amendment to DA. In order for both City and Developer to achieve their respective objectives, it is imperative that each be as certain as possible that Developer will develop and that City will permit Developer to develop the Project, as modified, and public improvements and other public benefits as approved by City within the time periods provided in this Development Agreement, except as otherwise indicated herein; and WHEREAS, in preparing and adopting the General Plan and in granting the Existing Development Approvals, the City considered the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of City and prepared in this regard an extensive environmental impact report and other studies. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in preparing and adopting the General Plan and in granting the Existing Development Approvals, the City Council carefully considered and determined the projected needs (taking into consideration the planned development of the Project and all other areas within the City) for water service, sewer service, storm drains, electrical facilities, traffic/circulation infrastructure, police and fire services, paramedic and similar improvements, facilities and services and the appropriateness of the density and intensity of the development comprising the Project and the needs of City and surrounding areas for other infrastructure.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY
DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:

Section 1. Pursuant to Resolution No. 18-07, the City Council adopted Environmental Findings of Fact, a Statement of Overriding Considerations, a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program, and certified the EIR prepared for the 2018 General Plan Update. In addition, pursuant to Resolution No. 20-32, the City Council adopted the Addendum for the Project.

Section 2. The Planning Commission, at its January 31, 2022 Meeting, adopted Resolution No. PC 22-04, recommending the City Council approve the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement (DA No. 20-01) for the Senior Mixed-Use Housing Project.

Section 2. Pursuant to California Government Code Section 65865, the City Council hereby approves the first amendment to the development agreement attached hereto as Exhibit "A", entitled "First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement” between the City of Cudahy and Prima Development.

Section 3. Pursuant to California Government Code Section 65867.5(b), and based on the entire record before the City Council, including all written and oral evidence presented to the City Council, the City Council hereby finds that the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement is consistent with the General Plan because the First Amendment to Amended and

55733.00004\34773924.1
Restated Development Agreement will result in the development of the Property at the intensity and density allowed under the General Plan Section 4. Based on the entire record before the City Council and all written and oral evidence presented to the City Council, the City Council finds the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement is in the best interests of the City and good land use practices as it ensures the orderly development of the Property with amenities and infrastructure that will be beneficial to the community.

Section 5. Based on the entire record before the City Council and all written and oral evidence presented to the City Council, the City Council finds this Ordinance promotes the public health, safety and welfare of the community because the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement will permit land uses that best reflect community needs, including the need for office, commercial and retail spaces, and will allow for the most efficient and logical development of the real property governed by the Amended and Restated Development Agreement in the City.

Section 6. Based on the entire record before the City Council and all written and oral evidence presented to the City Council, the City Council finds that: (i) the economic interests of Cudahy citizens and the public health, safety and welfare will be best served by entering into the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement; (ii) this First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement is compatible with the uses authorized in, and the regulations prescribed for, the area in which the Property is located; (iii) the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement is in conformity with the public convenience, general welfare and good land use practice; (iv) the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement will not be detrimental to the public health, safety and general welfare; and (v) the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement will not adversely affect the orderly development or the preservation of property values for the property it governs or any other property.

The City Council further finds that among the public benefits to accrue to the residents of the City as a result of the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement are:

1. advertisement in local media concerning employment, contracting and subcontracting opportunities;

2. providing written notice to a reasonable number of local business enterprises soliciting their interest in contracting or subcontracting in sufficient time to allow them to participate effectively;

3. establishing an applicant pool of eligible persons who have responded to such entry level employment outreach efforts of Applicant;

55733.00004\34773924.1

4. attendance at pre-solicitation or pre-bid meetings to inform contractors or subcontractors of contracting and subcontracting opportunities for local business enterprises;

5. following up initial solicitation of interest by contacting local business enterprises by telephone to determine with certainty whether they are interested in participating;

6. selecting portions of the work to be performed by local business enterprises;

7. providing interest local business enterprises and other enterprises with adequate information about the Development and requirements of contracts and subcontracts related to the project;

8. negotiating in good faith with interested local business enterprises to perform work; and

9. making reasonable efforts to assist interested local business enterprises in obtaining necessary sources of supply, lines of credit or insurance in order to participate in such work associated with Development.

Section 7. Pursuant to California Government Code Section 65867.5(b), and based on the entire record before the City Council, including all written and oral evidence presented to the City Council, the City Council hereby finds that the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement is consistent with the General Plan because the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement will result in the development of the Property at the intensity and density allowed under the General Plan.

Section 8. Based on the entire record before the City Council and all written and oral evidence presented to the City Council, the City Council finds that the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement is in compliance with the conditions, requirements, restrictions, and terms of the Municipal Code, in that it includes all mandatory provisions required by Government Code § 65865.2 and does not include any provisions that are not authorized by the Development Agreement Act.

Section 9. The City Clerk shall certify the adoption of this Ordinance and shall cause the same to be posted as required by law. Pursuant to Government Code Section 65868.5, within 10 days following the entering into of the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement, as evidenced by the full execution thereof, the Secretary shall record with the Los Angeles County Recorder a copy of the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Development Agreement.

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PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 15th day of February, 2022.

Mayor
ATTEST:

City Clerk

55733.00004\34773924.1

CERTIFICATION

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) SS:

CITY OF CUDAHY )
I, Richard Iglesias, Deputy City Clerk of the City of Cudahy, hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance No. 715 was introduced for a first reading on the 1st day of February, 2022 and approved for a second reading and adopted by said Council at its regular meeting held on the _____ day of _______, 2022 by the following vote, to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

Richard Iglesias
Deputy City Clerk

55733.00004\34773924.1
EXHIBIT “A”

FIRST AMENDMENT TO

AMENDED AND RESTATED DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT

55733.00004\34765951.2

RECORDING REQUESTED BY AND
WHEN RECORDED RETURN TO:

City of Cudahy
c/o City Clerk
5220 Santa Ana Street
Cudahy, CA 90201
______________________________________________________________________________ (Space Above Line for Recorder’s Use)
Exempt from Recording Fee pursuant to
Gov’t C. § 27388.1(a)(2)(D)

FIRST AMENDMENT

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT
THIS FIRST AMENDMENT (“First Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Development Agreement (“Agreement”) dated __________, 2021, is hereby entered into this ____ day of _______, 2022 (the “Effective Date”) by and between CITY OF CUDAHY, a California municipal corporation (“City”) acting in its capacity , and PRIMA DEVELOPMENT, a California nonprofit public benefit corporation (“Developer”) (each a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”).

RECITALS
This First Amendment is made and entered into with respect to the following facts:

WHEREAS, capitalized terms used but not defined in these Recitals shall have the meaning set forth in the Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions pursuant to which the Developer will develop a mixed-use affordable senior citizen housing project (the “Project”) on that certain vacant 1.34-acre (58,370 square feet) parcel located at 4610 Santa Ana Street, Cudahy, CA 90201 (APN No. 6224-019-014), also known as “Site 3” (the “Property”), as more particularly described on Exhibit A to the Agreement; and WHEREAS, on or about October 19, 2021, the City sold and transferred the Property to Developer pursuant to that certain the Parties entered into that certain Mixed-Use Senior Citizen Affordable Housing Purchase And Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions (“Purchase Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, on October 13, 2020, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 20-32 approving, among other things, Ordinance No. 711, which approved and adopted the original Development Agreement between the City and Developer (“Original Development Agreement”); and
WHEREAS, on October 5, 2021, the City Council approved Ordinance No. 715, which approved and adopted the Agreement, which supersedes the Original Development Agreement between the City and Developer; and

55733.00004\34765951.2
WHEREAS, Developer seeks, among other changes to the Agreement, to reduce the size of the Project by eliminating one floor and reducing the total number of units from 177 to 140, but increasing the potential number of permanent supportive housing (“PSH”) units from 50 to up to 68; and
WHEREAS, the Agreement allows for Minor Modifications (pursuant to Section 1.22) and Operating Memoranda (pursuant to Section 13.5) to memorialize certain changes that increase a building’s footprint, gross interior building area, density, intensity of use, etc. without the need for City Council approval; however, due to the proposed 21% reduction of units in the Project, neither of those procedures is technically appropriate, and an amendment must be processed pursuant to Section 13.2 of the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the Parties agree as follows:

1. Section 1.22 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

Minor Modification. “Minor Modification” means any minor modification or series of such minor modifications of the Project, where Developer seeks and obtains no more than a five percent (5%) change of either building’s footprint or an aggregate change of no more than ten percent (10%) of the total gross interior building area of the Project, as set forth in the architect’s site plan considered and approved by the City as part of the Existing Development Approvals, provided such Minor Modification is otherwise consistent with the other applicable elements of the Development Approvals and the existing Land Use Regulations and further provided that such Minor Modification shall not result in any rental dwelling unit being smaller than 500 square feet in size and the total number of rental dwelling units in the Project shall not be changed by more than ten (10) rental dwelling units.

The aforementioned percentage change in total gross interior building area shall be based upon a modified larger building footprint, as authorized in this Section 1.22, if applicable. In the case of a Minor Modification which changes the buildable square footage of the Project, the Project’s Development Fees shall be adjusted in an amount based upon the changed square footage. A Minor Modification is not an amendment to this Development Agreement and is not subject to the procedures set forth in Section 13.2.

2. Section 1.32 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

Senior Citizen. “Senior Citizen” as used in this Agreement means a person sixtytwo (62) years of age or older, as provided by Civil Code Section 51.3(b); provided, however, that for purposes of permanent supportive housing units in the Project, “Senior Citizen” shall mean a person fifty-five (55) years of age or older.

3. Section 3.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:
(a) not to exceed one hundred forty (140) units, inclusive of a density bonus, apartment building for Senior Citizen households funded with LIHTC allocated to

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the Senior Citizen Housing Project by TCAC;

4. Section 3.3 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:
(a) not to exceed one hundred twenty-nine (129) one-bedroom units and nine (9) two-bedroom units;

5. Section 3.4 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

Based upon Developer’s tax credit application it is anticipated that the Project will serve Very Low Income Households. Up to Sixty-Eight (68) of the total number of dwelling units in the Senior Citizen Housing Project will be reserved for permanent supportive housing for eligible Senior Citizen households whose annual income at the time of initial occupancy in the Senior Citizen Housing project does not exceed Very Low Income, adjusted for family size. Up to two (2) of the total number of dwelling units in the Senior Citizen Housing Project will be unrestricted and reserved for on-site manager and staff. Up to two (2) additional units of the total number of dwelling units in the Senior Citizen Housing Project may be unrestricted and made available for Senior Citizen households whose annual income at the time of initial occupancy in the Senior Citizen Housing Project exceeds Very Low Income adjusted for family size and meeting applicable occupancy standards (Market Rate Units). The balance of such dwelling units in the Senior Citizen Housing Project shall be reserved for occupancy by Senior Citizen households who do not receive permanent supportive services and whose annual income at the time of initial occupancy in the Senior Citizen Housing Project does not exceed Very Low Income (e.g., up to fifty percent (50%) of Los Angeles County Area Median Income (“AMI”)) adjusted for family size and meeting applicable occupancy standards, as well as designated unit(s) for on-site property management staff and Market Rate Units. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the City’s Regulatory Agreement recorded against the Property shall only apply to forty-nine percent (49%) of the units.

6. Section 3.5 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

The general age restriction of the Senior Citizen Housing Project applies to persons who are sixty-two (62) years of age or older, and the specific age restriction for permanent supportive housing units within the Project shall apply to persons who are fifty-five (55) years of age or older. Such age restrictions for occupancy in the Senior Citizen Housing Project shall be recorded in a restrictive covenant against the Senior Citizen Housing Project as provided in Section 3.10.5 upon the acquisition of the Property by the Developer from the City and such Senior Citizen occupancy restrictive covenant shall continue in perpetuity.

7. Section 7.2.1 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

Developer shall enter into Community Workforce Agreements (CWA) to cover specific trades as deemed appropriate by the City Manager, the Developer, and persons who provide construction labor services in connection with the

55733.00004\34765951.2
construction of the Senior Citizen Housing Project Property.

8. Section 13.5 of the Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

Operating Memoranda. The provisions of this Development Agreement require a close degree of cooperation and flexibility between the City and Developer. The Development of the Property may demonstrate that clarifications or modifications to this Development Agreement or the Existing Land Use Regulations are appropriate with respect to the details of performance of the City and Developer.

To the extent allowable by law, Developer shall retain a certain degree of flexibility as provided herein with respect to all matters, items and provisions covered in general under this Development Agreement. When and if the Developer finds it necessary or appropriate to make changes, adjustments or clarifications to matters, items or provisions in this Development Agreement, including to the public benefits referenced in Section 7, the Parties shall effectuate such changes, adjustments or clarifications through operating memoranda (“Operating Memoranda”) approved by the Parties in writing which reference this Section 13.5. Operating Memoranda are not intended to constitute either a substantial change or an amendment to this Development Agreement, but are ministerial clarifications or changes and adjustments that would result in a modified Project within the parameters of the previously Council-approved Project; and accordingly, public notices and hearings shall not be required in the case of the mutual approval of an Operating Memorandum. Operating Memoranda may be used and thus deemed nonsubstantive and/or procedural if, for example in the case of an adjustment or clarification as relates to a Development Approval such change: (i) does not change the density or intensity of use of the Property, unless such changes are consistent with the Existing Land Use Regulations; (ii) does not change the permitted uses of the Property, unless such uses are consistent with the Existing Land Use Regulations; (iii) does not change the maximum size of buildings on the Property beyond changes which constitute Minor Modifications or are consistent with the Existing Land Use Regulations; (iv) does not change the amount of land to be dedicated for public purposes; or (v) does not change improvement and construction standards and specifications for the Project. The City Manager in consultation with the City Attorney shall determine whether a requested change or clarification may be effectuated pursuant to this Section or whether the requested change or clarification is of such character to constitute either a substantive change or an amendment to this Development Agreement which requires compliance with the provisions of Section 13.2 of this Development Agreement.

9. Section 1.2 of the Senior Citizen Occupancy Covenant and Housing Density Bonus Agreement, attached to the Agreement as Exhibit B-1 (the “Density Bonus Agreement”), is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

The purpose of this Agreement is to evidence the City’s acceptance of the offer of Developer to provide up to one hundred forty (140) Dwelling Units on the Senior Citizen Housing Project Property (subject to Minor Modifications) for use and occupancy by Eligible Senior Citizen Households as part of the Project during the

55733.00004\34765951.2
Term hereof. In the absence of the recordation of this Agreement, the Cudahy Municipal Code permits the development and occupancy of a maximum of fiftyfour (54) dwelling units on the lands on which the Project shall be developed, including the Senior Citizen Housing Project Property. Pursuant to the Density Bonus Law and the covenant of Developer to undertake and operate the Senior Housing Project in accordance with the Development Agreement, the total number of Dwelling Units as shall be constructed on the Property by Developer may exceed the fifty-four (54) dwelling unit base up to the maximum number of Dwelling Units authorized by the Development Agreement (e.g., up to 140 dwelling units subject to Minor Modification).

10. Section 1.3.9 of the Density Bonus Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

Senior Citizen. Senior Citizen means and refers to any person who is at least sixtytwo (62) years of age at the time of such person’s initial occupancy of a Dwelling Unit as part of a Senior Citizen Household; provided, however, that for purposes of permanent supportive housing units in the Project, “Senior Citizen” shall mean a person fifty-five (55) years of age or older.

11. Recital D of the Senior Citizen Housing Project Regulatory Agreement and Declaration of Restrictive Covenants, attached to the Agreement as Exhibit B-2 (the “Regulatory Agreement”), is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

In the Development Project Application, Developer offers to undertake the development and operation of the Project subject to the City’s approval of the Development Agreement, and Developer’s plan of improvement of the Project and Developer’s outside financing commitment will result in all of the residential dwelling units in the Senior Citizen Housing Project element of the Project being reserved for occupancy by very low income senior citizen households as authorized by California Government Code Section 65915 et seq. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this City Regulatory Agreement shall only restrict up to 68 of the 140 units as affordable to very low income households.

12. Recital E of the Regulatory Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

Pursuant to the application of the Density Bonus Law to the Property and the Senior Citizen Housing Project, and subject to the satisfaction of the covenants of the Developer as provided in the Development Agreement and this Agreement, the Developer may construct up to one hundred forty (140) rental dwelling units on the Senior Citizen Housing Project Property (subject to “Minor Modifications” as this term is described in the Development Agreement).

13. Section 2.1(a) (Occupancy Requirements) of the Regulatory Agreement is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

55733.00004\34765951.2
(a) The Developer covenants that each Dwelling Unit shall be occupied or available for occupancy by an Eligible Senior Household at an Affordable Rent on a continuous basis throughout the Term, in accordance with the following tenant income level mix: Not less than sixty-eight (68) units shall be occupied or available for occupancy by Eligible Senior Households that are 50% Households.

14. The provisions of this First Amendment shall be deemed a part of the Agreement (including the Density Bonus Agreement and the Regulatory Agreement), and except as otherwise provided under this First Amendment, the Agreement and all provisions contained therein shall remain binding and enforceable. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this First Amendment and the provisions of the Agreement, the provisions of this First Amendment shall control, but only insofar as such provisions conflict with the Agreement and no further.
[Signatures on following page]

55733.00004\34765951.2
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have caused this First Amendment to be executed on the day and year first appearing above.

CITY:

CITY OF CUDAHY, a California municipal
corporation
By:

Alfonso Noyola,
City Manager
DEVELOPER:

PRIMA DEVELOPMENT, a California
nonprofit public benefit corporation,
By:

Fernando Vasquez
President
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

City Attorney
By:

Victor Ponto

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STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: City Attorney’s Office
Subject: Adoption of Proposed Resolution No. 22-07 Proclaiming a Local Emergency, Ratifying the Proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and Re-Authorizing Remote Teleconference Meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City of Cudahy, for the Period from February 15, 2022, through March 17, 2022, Pursuant to Brown Act Provisions

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to approve proposed Resolution No. 22-07 proclaiming a local emergency, ratifying the proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and re-authorizing remote teleconference meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City of Cudahy, for the period from February 15, 2022, through March 17, 2022, pursuant to Ralph M. Brown Act provisions.

BACKGROUND
COVID-19 (also known as the “Coronavirus Disease”) is a respiratory disease that was first reported in China in December 2019, has now spread throughout the state of California, including through the City of Cudahy (“City”). On March 4, 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom declared a State of Emergency in response to the rising cases of COVID-19 throughout the state of California. On the same day as Governor Newsom’s declaration, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (“LACDPH”) declared a local emergency and local public health emergency in response to the spread of COVID-19 throughout the County. On April 10, 2020, in response to the conditions of extreme peril to the safety of persons within the City, the Cudahy City Council (“City Council”) declared a local emergency consistent with the declaration of local emergency by the LACDPH.

Item Number
14D

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On September 16, 2021, Governor Newsom signed into law Assembly Bill No. 361 (“AB 361”), which, until January 1, 2024, authorizes a local agency to use teleconferencing without complying with the teleconferencing requirements imposed by the Brown Act when a legislative body of a local agency holds a meeting during a declared State of Emergency, as that term is defined, when state or local health officials have imposed or recommended measures to promote social distancing or when the legislative body has determined that meeting in person would present imminent risks to the health or safety of attendees.

Currently, the state-declared emergency remains in effect. On December 13, 2021, the California Department of Public Health reissued a universal masking requirement, regardless of vaccination status, from December 15, 2021, through January 15, 2022, on January 5, 2022, this requirement was extended through February 15, 2022. In addition, LACDPH has issued a series of Health Officer Orders containing mandates and recommendations for keeping individuals safe, reducing risk, and preventing the spread of COVID-19. On January 5, 2022, LACDPH issued a Health Order all individuals, regardless of vaccination status, wear a mask in all indoor public settings.

On January 18, 2022, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 22-02, proclaiming a local emergency, ratifying the proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and re-authorizing remote teleconference meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City, for the period from January 18, 2022, through February 17, 2022, pursuant to Brown Act provisions.

ANALYSIS
AB 361 requires legislative bodies that hold teleconferenced meetings under its abbreviated teleconferencing procedures to give notice of the meeting and post agendas, as described, to allow members of the public to access the meeting and address the legislative body, to give notice of the means by which members of the public may access the meeting and offer public comment, including an opportunity for all persons to attend via a call-in option or an internetbased service option, and to conduct the meeting in a manner that protects the statutory and constitutional rights of the parties and the public appearing before the legislative body. AB 361 also requires the legislative body take no further action on agenda items when there is a disruption which prevents the public agency from broadcasting the meeting, or in the event of a disruption within the local agency’s control which prevents members of the public from offering public comments, until public access is restored. AB 361 prohibits the legislative body from requiring public comments to be submitted in advance of the meeting and specifies that the legislative body must provide an opportunity for the public to address the legislative body and offer comments in real time. AB 361 prohibits the legislative body from closing the public

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comment period and the opportunity to register to provide public comment, until the public comment period has elapsed or until a reasonable amount of time has elapsed, as specified.

All City Council, Board, and Commission meetings are open and public, as required by the Brown Act, so that any member of the public may attend, participate, and watch the City Council or City Commission conduct their business. The City finds that the continuous spread of COVID-19 throughout the community has caused, and will continue to cause, conditions of peril to the safety of persons within the City that are likely to be beyond the control of the City.

The City continues to recommend measures to promote social distancing which include requiring staff and civilians wear masks in City buildings as well as posting COVID-19 safety measures throughout City buildings and on the City’s social media accounts.

Once the initial authorizing resolution is adopted, as it was on October 5, 2021, ongoing authorization every thirty (30) days is required by majority vote. If the legislative body desires to continue using the teleconference exception, it must confirm the circumstances of the State of Emergency thirty (30) days after the first teleconference meeting and every thirty (30) days thereafter. Given that Resolution Number 22-02 expires on February 17, 2022, staff recommends the City Council adopt the attached resolution before the existing resolution lapses.

CONCLUSION
In light of the continuing State declaration of emergency resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the imminent risks to the health and safety of attendees at meetings conducted in person due to the spread of COVID-19, staff recommends the City Council approve proposed Resolution No. 22-07 proclaiming a local emergency, ratifying the proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and re-authorizing remote teleconference meetings of the City Council of the City of Cudahy, for the period from February 15, 2022, through March 17, 2022, pursuant to Ralph M. Brown Act provisions.

FINANCIAL IMPACT
There is no financial impact on the City at this time.

ATTACHMENTS
A. Proposed Resolution No. 22-07

1 RESOLUTION NO. 22-07

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

CUDAHY, CALIFORNIA PROCLAIMING A LOCAL

EMERGENCY, RATIFYING THE PROCLAMATION OF A

STATE OF EMERGENCY BY GOVERNOR NEWSOM ON
MARCH 4, 2020, AND RE-AUTHORIZING REMOTE

TELECONFERENCE MEETINGS OF THE CITY COUNCIL,

CITY BOARDS, AND ALL COMMISSIONS OF THE CITY OF
CUDAHY, FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY 15, 2022
THROUGH MARCH 17, 2022 PURSUANT TO BROWN ACT

PROVISIONS
WHEREAS, COVID-19 (also known as the “Coronavirus Disease”) is a respiratory disease that was first reported in China in December 2019, it has now spread throughout the state of California, including throughout the City of Cudahy (“City”); and WHEREAS, on March 4, 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom declared a State of Emergency in response to the rising cases of COVID-19 throughout the state of California; and
WHEREAS, on March 4, 2020, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (“LACDPH”) declared a local emergency and local public health emergency in response to the spread of COVID-19 throughout the County; and
WHEREAS, on March 17, 2020, Governor Newsom issued Executive Order N-29- 20, which allowed local governments meet remotely without adherence to the traditional teleconferencing rules set forth in the Ralph M. Brown Act (“Brown Act”), this waiver was extended through September 30, 2021, by Executive Order N-08-21; and WHEREAS, on April 10, 2020, in response to the conditions of extreme peril to the safety of persons within the City, the Cudahy City Council (“City Council”) declared a local emergency consistent with the declaration of local emergency by the LACDPH; and WHEREAS, on September 16, 2021, Governor Newsom signed into law Assembly Bill No. 361 (“AB 361”), which, until January 1, 2024, authorizes a local agency to use teleconferencing without complying with the teleconferencing requirements imposed by the Brown Act, when a legislative body of a local agency holds a meeting during a declared State of Emergency, as that term is defined, when state or local health officials have imposed or recommended measures to promote social distancing or when the legislative body has determined that meeting in person would present imminent risks to the health or safety of attendees; and
WHEREAS, on December 13, 2021, the California Department of Public Health (“Department of Public Health”) reissued a universal masking requirement, regardless of vaccination status, from December 15, 2021, through January 15, 2022; and Attachment A Page 48 of 371
2 WHEREAS, on January 5, 2022, the Department of Public Health extended the requirement for universal masking requirements through February 15, 2022; and WHEREAS, on January 5, 2022, LACDPH issued an Order requiring indoor masking by all individuals, regardless of vaccination status; and WHEREAS, AB 361 requires legislative bodies that hold teleconferenced meetings under its abbreviated teleconferencing procedures to give notice of the meeting and post agendas, as described, to allow members of the public to access the meeting and address the legislative body, to give notice of the means by which members of the public may access the meeting and offer public comment, including an opportunity for all persons to attend via a call-in option or an internet-based service option, and to conduct the meeting in a manner that protects the statutory and constitutional rights of the parties and the public appearing before the legislative body; and
WHEREAS, AB 361 requires the legislative body take no further action on agenda items when there is a disruption which prevents the public agency from broadcasting the meeting, or in the event of a disruption within the local agency’s control which prevents members of the public from offering public comments, until public access is restored; and WHEREAS, AB 361 prohibits the legislative body from requiring public comments to be submitted in advance of the meeting and specifies that the legislative body must provide an opportunity for the public to address the legislative body and offer comment in real time; and
WHEREAS, AB 361 prohibits the legislative body from closing the public comment period and the opportunity to register to provide public comment, until the public comment period has elapsed or until a reasonable amount of time has elapsed, as specified; and WHEREAS, all City Council, Board, and Commission meetings are open and public, as required by the Brown Act, so that any member of the public may attend, participate, and watch the City Council or City Commission conduct their business; and WHEREAS, on October 5, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 21-35, proclaiming a local emergency, ratifying the proclamation of a State of Emergency by Governor Newsom on March 4, 2020, and authorizing remote teleconference meetings of the City Council, City Boards, and all Commissions of the City, for the period from October 5, 2021, through November 4, 2021, pursuant to Brown Act provisions; and WHEREAS, on November 2, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 21- 43, extending Resolution No. 21-35 an additional thirty (30) days through December 4, 2021, pursuant to Brown Act provisions; and WHEREAS, on November 16, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 21- 46, extending Resolution No. 21-43 through January 3, 2022, pursuant to Brown Act provisions; and

3 WHEREAS, on December 21, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 21- 51, extending Resolution No. 21-46 through January 20, 2022, pursuant to Brown Act provisions; and
WHEREAS, on January 18, 2022, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 22-02, extending Resolution No. 21-51 through February 17, 2022, pursuant to Brown Act provisions; and
WHEREAS, the City finds that the continuous spread of COVID-19 throughout the community has caused, and will continue to cause, conditions of peril to the safety of persons within the City that are likely to be beyond the control of the City; and WHEREAS, the City continues to recommend measures to promote social distancing which include requiring staff and civilians wear masks in City buildings as well as posting COVID-19 safety measures throughout City buildings and on the City’s social media accounts; and
WHEREAS, in light of the continuing State declaration of emergency resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the continuing recommendation by Los Angeles County Public Health officials of measures to promote social distancing and indoor mask requirement, and the imminent risks to the health and safety of attendees at meetings conducted in person due to the spread of COVID-19, the City Council desires to make the findings required by AB 361 to allow the City Council and all City Boards and Commissions to continue to meet under AB 361’s abbreviated teleconferencing procedures.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, DETERMINED AND ORDERED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY, CALIFORNIA, AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1. The Recitals set forth above are true and correct and are incorporated into this Resolution by reference.

SECTION 2. The City Council finds that the State and County declarations of emergency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic remain in place.

SECTION 3. The City Council finds that local officials, specifically, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, has continued to recommend social distancing measures.

SECTION 4. The City of Cudahy staff along with the City Council are hereby authorized and directed to take all actions necessary to carry out the intent and purpose of this Resolution including, conducting open and public City Council and City Board and Commission meetings in accordance with the newly revised provisions of the Ralph M.

Brown Act.

SECTION 5. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Resolution is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Resolution. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this Resolution and each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not

4 declared invalid or unconstitutional without regard to whether any portion of this Resolution would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.

SECTION 6. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon adoption and shall be effective until the earlier of (i) March 17, 2022, or (ii) such time the City Council adopts a subsequent resolution in accordance with Government Code section 54953(e)(3) to extend the time during which the legislative bodies of the City of Cudahy may continue to teleconference without compliance with paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of section 54953.

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Cudahy at the regular meeting of this 15th day of February 2022. ______________________________
Elizabeth Alcantar
Mayor
ATTEST:
____________________________
Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

5 STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) SS:

CITY OF CUDAHY )
I, Richard Iglesias, City Clerk of the City of Cudahy, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 22-07 was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Cudahy, signed by the Mayor and attested by the City Clerk at a regular meeting of said Council held on the 15th day of February 2022 and that said Resolution was adopted by the following vote, to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

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STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: City Manager’s Office
Subject: Adoption of Resolution No. 22-08 Authorizing Submittal of Application for SB 1383 Local Assistance Grant Program

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to adopt Resolution No. 22-08 Authorizing Submittal of Application for Senate Bill 1383 (SB 1383) Local Assistance Grant Program.

BACKGROUND

1. On December 7, 2021, The City adopted Ordinance 716, amending Chapter 8.12 (Solid Waste Handling and Recycling Services) of Title 8 (Health and Safety), Adding Section

3.16.230 to Chapter 3.16 (Purchasing System) of Title 3 (Revenue And Finance), Adding Section 15.32.040 to Chapter 15.32 (Green Building Standards Code) of Title 15 (Buildings And Construction), and Adding Chapter 13.20 to Title 13 (Public Utilities And Services) of the Cudahy Municipal Code Regarding Mandatory Organic Waste Disposal Reduction to Comply with SB 1383

2. On February 1, 2022, the City applied for its entitled portion of the SB 1383 Local Assistance Grant Program. The City’s estimated award amount is $32,171

ANALYSIS
CalRecycle is administering a one-time grant program meant to provide assistance in implementing regulations associated with SB 1383. The City’s estimated award amount for this grant is $32,171. The following are considered eligible activities:

Item Number
14E

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• Collection
• Education and Outreach
• Edible Food Recovery
• Capacity Planning
• Procurement Requirements
• Record Keeping
• Enforcement and Inspection
• Program Evaluation/Gap Analysis
Grants are projected to be awarded April 2022. However, CalRecycle mandates the City’s governing body to adopt a resolution that authorizes the submittal of the application to CalRecycle. The resolution must be adopted by City Council, and submitted to CalRecycle by March 1st.

City staff will use grant funds to coordinate an education and outreach campaign, teaching residents and commercial businesses about being compliant with regulations outlined by SB 1383 including but not limited to the following outreach activities:
• Direct-mailed post cards, articles, and/or informational flyers • Service brochures for both residents and businesses
• Social media targeted advertising/content development • Robocalls to residents and businesses about pertinent program information and key dates of implementation
• Community meetings, town halls, and/or group presentations • Local instructional/educational videos for local television or web use • Inserts to accompany monthly/quarterly billing invoice cycles Senate Bill No. 1383 (SB 1383) was signed into law on September 19, 2016 to reduce organic waste disposal by 75% and increase edible food recovery by 20%, by 2025. Its goal is to establish methane emissions reduction targets in a statewide effort to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP) in various sectors of California's economy. SB 1383 is the State’s most ambitious waste reduction law in the last 30 years and enacts the following targets to reduce organic waste in landfills:
• Achieve a 50% reduction in the level of the statewide disposal of organic waste from the 2014 level by 2020 and a 75% reduction by 2025
• Recover at least 20% of currently disposed edible food by 2025 If voluntary compliance is not achieved, CalRecycle can take enforcement action against the City if the designated level of compliance is not met. These actions may include:
• Conducting more frequent inspections;
• Taking over direct enforcement on non-compliant businesses within the City;

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• Establishing a schedule for City compliance and a probationary period, requiring a work plan and that the jurisdiction demonstrates it has sufficient staffing to implement the requirements of the law; and/or
• Seeking administrative penalties against the City of up to $10,000 per day.

CONCLUSION
Adoption of this Resolution will fulfill the pending requirement needed to receive approximately $32,171 in SB 1383 funds from CalRecycle.

FINANCIAL IMPACT
No Financial Impact.

ATTACHMENTS
Resolution No. 22-08

RESOLUTION NO. 22-08

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY, CALIFORNIA, AUTHORIZING SUBMITTAL OF APPLICATION FOR SB 1383 LOCAL ASSISTANCE

GRANT PROGRAM
WHEREAS, Public Resources Code sections 48000 et seq. authorize the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) to administer various grant programs (grants) in furtherance of the State of California’s (state) efforts to reduce, recycle and reuse solid waste generated in the state thereby preserving landfill capacity and protecting public health and safety and the environment; and WHEREAS, in furtherance of this authority CalRecycle is required to establish procedures governing the application, awarding, and management of the grants; and WHEREAS, CalRecycle grant application procedures require, among other things, an applicant’s governing body to declare by resolution certain authorizations related to the administration of CalRecycle grants.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, DETERMINED AND ORDERED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY, CALIFORNIA, AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1. Authorizes the submittal of application(s) to CalRecycle for the SB 1383 Local Assistance Grant Program; and
SECTION 2. That the City Manager, or his/her designee is hereby authorized and empowered to execute in the name of the City of Cudahy all grant documents, including but not limited to, applications, agreements, amendments and requests for payment, necessary to secure grant funds and implement the approved grant project; and SECTION 3. That these authorizations are effective for five (5) years from the date of adoption of this resolution.

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Cudahy at the regular meeting of this 15th day of February 2022. ______________________________
Elizabeth Alcantar
Mayor
ATTEST:
____________________________
Richard Iglesias
City Clerk
Attachment A Page 56 of 371
Resolution No. 22-08

2 CERTIFICATION

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) SS:

CITY OF CUDAHY )
I, Richard Iglesias, City Clerk of the City of Cudahy, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 22-08 was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Cudahy, signed by the Mayor and attested by the City Clerk at a regular meeting of said Council held on the 15th day of February 2022 and that said Resolution was adopted by the following vote, to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

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STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/ Members fo the City Council
From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: City Manager’s Office
Subject: A Public Hearing to Consider and Adopt Resolution No. 22-09 of the City of Cudahy City Council Approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)

RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to Adopt Resolution No. 22-09, approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).

BACKGROUND

1. On January 19, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 21-03 approving projects for the FY 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).

2. Recently, the Los Angeles County Development Authority (LACDA) informed the City that it had recovered unspent funds that would need to be programmed.

3. On January 15, 2022, a notice was published regarding the consideration for the substantial amendment and upcoming public hearing for February 15, 2022.

ANALYSIS
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administers the CDBG program. For funding eligibility, a city must submit an annual application to HUD.

Applications are submitted through the Los Angeles County Development Authority (LACDA).

The City of Cudahy City Council approved funding and projects for Fiscal Year (FY) 2021-2022 on January 19, 2021.

Item Number
15A

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CDBG – Regular Funds
The City has been informed that it has recovered, unspent funds in the amount of $196,000 that it must now program into the current 2021-2022 fiscal year. These funds are from unused funds from the Code Enforcement Program and Single-Unit Rehabilitation Programs whose operations and expenditures were stalled at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic as their operations came to an abrupt halt.

When a substantial change (i.e., adding an activity, canceling an activity, or redirecting funds) is proposed the LACDA requires the City that the public be notified and a public hearing be held to allow the public an opportunity to comment on the proposed substantial changes.

In considering potential projects and programs for funding, it should be noted that up to twenty percent (20%) of that fiscal year’s allocation can be budgeted for public services. Typically, the public service cap is fifteen percent (15%), however because there is a continued need for public services due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, LACDA is allowing a 20% cap for this fiscal year. For FY 2021-2022 the City is currently at 17% of the public service cap.

CDBG-CV Funds
In 2019 the City received a CDBG Cares Act (CDBG-CV) allocation in the amount of $220,908.

The City Council approved projects for this allocation on May 19, 2020 which included $160,000 for an Emergency Rental Assistance Program, $25,000 for a Virtual Youth Services Program, and $35,908 for a Grocery Delivery Program. All program have now concluded and the City has a balance of $6,250 to program.

The primary national objectives of the CDBG program are to undertake activities that benefit low and moderate‐income persons and/or eliminate slum and blight conditions. The program requires that a minimum of seventy percent (70%) of the program funds be spent on activities that benefit low and moderate‐income persons.

ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES FOR FUNDING
The types of activities that can be funded under the program include the following:
• Land acquisition and disposition;
• Development of, and improvements to, public facilities; • Street and other infrastructure improvements;
• Demolition and clearance of property improvements;
• Code Enforcement ;

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• Public service activities;
• Housing and commercial rehabilitation;
• Economic development activities; and
• Program administration.

INELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES
There are certain activities or projects for which CDBG funds cannot be used. These ineligible activities include:
• Construction of city halls, county administrative buildings, or other facilities in which the legislative, judicial, or general administrative affairs of the government are conducted;
• Purchase of equipment, unless otherwise required for program purposes; • Operating and maintenance expenses;
• General government expenses; and
• Political activities.

PROPOSED PROJECTS
• The CDBG Projects and Budgets being proposed to the City Council for the recovered funds and remaining CDBG-CV funds are as follows:

FY 2022-2023 CDBG
Project Name
Previously
Funded/Approved
Budget
Proposed
Changes
Proposed Revised CDBG
Budget Amendment No. 1
Non-Public Service Activies
Code Enforcement $202,525.00 $0.00 $202,525.00
Business Assistance $53,403.00 $0.00 $53,403.00
Small Business Support
Program $75,000.00 $0.00 $75,000.00
Single Unit Housing
Rehabilitation $122,599.00 $60,000.00 $182,599.00
ADA Restroom
Improvements – Clara St.

Park Expansion Park
$0.00 $136,000.00 $136,000.00
Subtotal Budget $453,527.00 $196,000.00 $649,527.00
Public Service- Project Names 20% Cap
Clara Street Park Food
Distribution $43,004.00 $0.00 $43,004.00

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Senior Activities $20,000.00 ($6,250.00) $13,750.00
Graffiti Abatement $0.00 $6,250.00 $6,250.00 (from CV)
Subtotal Budget $63,004.00 $6,250.00 $63,004
Grand Total $516,531.00 $202,250.00 $712,531.00

CDBG-CV
Project Name
Previously
Funded/Approved
Budget
Proposed
Changes
Proposed Revised CDBG
Budget Amendment No. 1
Emergency Rental
Assistance $160,000.00 $0.00 $160,000.00
Virtual Youth Services $25,000.00 $0.00 $25,000.00
Grocery Delivery Program $35,908.00 ($6,250.00) $29,658.00 Senior Services $0.00 $6,250.00 $6,250.00
Grand Total $220,908.00 $0.00 $220,908.00

PROPOSED PROGRAMS TO ADD/CHANGE
• Single-Unit Housing Rehabilitation Program – This program offers grants (up to $10,000 each for single‐family home). This program assists existing low‐to‐moderate income households with the repair or rehabilitation of owner‐occupied units. The program will expand to include graffiti removal when private homes are vandalized. The additional funds will for the rehabilitation of the additional homes and purchase of equipment. • ADA Restroom Improvements – Clara St. Expansion Park – Funds will be used to rehabiliate the restrooms at Clara Street Expansion Park to bring them up to ADA compliance.
• Graffiti Abatement Program – A new Graffiti Abatement Program was approved and programmed for FY 2022-2023. Fund added to this program will allow the Graffiti Abatement to have a development phase for a successful full launch in July. Funds will help purchase program equipment and material.
• Senior Activities Program Activity Summary – The balance of the CDBG-CV funds are being allocated to a Senior Activities Program that mirrors but expands the current services provided to senior Cudahy residents.

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CONCLUSION
Staff recommends that the City Council review and adopt resolution No. 22-09, approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).

FINANCIAL IMPACT
An additional $196,000 if regular CDBG funds and $6,250 in CDBG-CV will be added to the FY 2021-2022 CDBG budget for a total budget of $712,531.

ATTACHMENTS
A. Resolution No. 22-09 approving Substantial Amendment No. 1 to the Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).

R0ESOLUTION NO. 22-09

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY CITY COUNCIL APPROVING SUBSTANTIAL AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE FISCAL YEAR 2021-2022 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT (CDBG) PROGRAM.

WHEREAS, on August 22, 1974, the President of the United States signed into law the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (Act); and WHEREAS, the primary goals of Title I of the Act are the development of viable urban communities by providing decent housing and a suitable living environment, and expanding economic opportunities, principally for persons of low and moderate income; and
WHEREAS, the City of Cudahy has received notification of the availability of $196,000 in federal Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds and $6,250 in CDBG-CV funds to further the attainment of these goals during Fiscal Year 2021-22; and WHEREAS, the Cudahy City Council has published information regarding eligible activities under the Act and has conducted a public hearing to solicit suggestions from the community for the utilization of these funds.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED,
Section 1: The Cudahy City Council hereby approves substantial amendment number one to the CDBG funds for FY 2021-22 for the following purposes:

Code Enforcement $ 202,525
Business Assistance Program $ 53,403
Small Business Support Program $ 75,000
Single Unit Housing Rehabilitation $ 182,599
Senior Activities Program $ 13,750
Clara Street Park Food Distribution $ 43,004
ADA Restrooms Clara St Park
Expansion $ 136,000
Graffiti Abatement $ 6,250
Grand Total $ 712,531
Section 2: The Cudahy City Council hereby approves substantial amendment number one to the CDBG-CV funds for FY 2021-22 for the following purposes:

Attachment A Page 64 of 371
Resolution No. 22-09

Emergency Rental Assistance $ 160,000
Virtual Youth Services $ 25,000
Grocery Delivery Program $ 29,658
Senior Activities Program $ 6,250
Grand Total $ 220,908
Section 3: The City Council authorizes City staff to adjust the Program budget as necessary throughout the Fiscal Year. This includes, but is not limited to, allocating amounts on a per project basis, adjust project budgets, implementing a new or cancelling existing activities, to allow for the timely expenditure of CDBG-funds.

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Cudahy at its regular meeting on this 15th day of February 2022.

Elizabeth Alcantar
Mayor
ATTEST:

Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

Resolution No. 22-09

CERTIFICATION

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES ) SS:

CITY OF CUDAHY )
I, Richard Iglesias, City Clerk of the City of Cudahy, hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 22-09 was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Cudahy, signed by the Mayor and attested by the City Clerk at a regular meeting of said Council held on the 15th day of February 2022, and that said Resolution was adopted by the following vote, to-wit:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

Richard Iglesias
City Clerk

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STAFF REPORT
Date: February 15, 2022
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager
Salvador Lopez Jr., Interim Community Development Director Gabriel Elliott, Project Manager, HE Update
Subject: General Plan Amendment 21-01 - City of Cudahy 6th Cycle Housing Element Update – Citywide

RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council of the City of Cudahy (the “City”):

1. Open the public hearing;

2. Receive public comments; and

3. Approve on First Reading, Ordinance 718 approving General Plan Amendment 21-01, adopting the 2021 - 2029 6th Cycle Housing Element, and approving the Addendum to Cudahy General Plan 2040 EIR (SCH#2017071071) for the draft Housing Element Update.

INTRODUCTION
Planning Commission Action
At the Planning Commission meeting of January 24, 2022, the Planning Commission, by a vote of 3 to 1 (Commissioner Corvera-Hernandez abstaining) approved PC Resolution 22-01, recommending approval of General Plan Amendment GPA 21-01 to the City Council. Among other things, the Planning Commission commented that Cudahy, a built-out community, cannot meet the designated housing units allocated to it through the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA).

For RHNA, the city is required to provide 393 total housing units broken down into 80 very lowincome units, 36 low-income units, 53 moderate income units, and 224 above moderateincome units. The RHNA allocation for the 6th Cycle is from 2021 to 2029.

Item Number
15B

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This City Council meeting constitutes the city’s last action to approve the draft 6th Cycle Housing Element before resubmittal to the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for review and certification. The draft document was submitted to the HCD in October for review and returned to the City in December with comments. Responses to HCD’s comments as well of comments provided by the Planning Commission and City Council will be forwarded to the HCD for review prior to certification.

BACKGROUND
Since 1969, the State of California has required that all local governments (cities and counties) adequately plan to meet the housing needs of everyone in their communities. California’s local governments meet this requirement by adopting housing plans as part of their “General Plan” (also required by the state).

The General plans serve as the local government’s "blueprint" for how the city and/or county will grow and develop and include the following seven elements: land use, transportation, conservation, noise, open space, safety, and housing. The law mandating that housing is included as an element of each jurisdiction’s General Plan is known as “Housing- Element Law.”

ANALYSIS
The City’s current Housing Element, which was certified by the State’s Department of Housing and Community Development as meeting state Housing Laws, expired on October 15, 2021.

The California Housing Element Law requires updates to Housing Elements under the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) cycles based on regional council of governments/jurisdictions.

This Draft Housing Element has been prepared to respond to current and near-term future housing needs in Cudahy. It contains updated information and strategic direction, including policies and specific programs, that the City is committed to undertaking to address its RHNA.

It retains many of the successful policies and programs of the 2013 Housing Element and the 2018 Housing Element update.

Assembly Bill 686 (AB 686)
This Housing Element Update is prepared pursuant to the requirements of AB 686, which requires all Housing Elements to address measures taken to address fair housing. Specifically, the obligation of affirmatively furthering fair housing was extended to all public agencies in the State of California as of January 1, 2019.

Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing means taking meaningful actions to combat discrimination that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.

The 6th Cycle Housing Element analysis must address the following:

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1. Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities.

2. Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balances living patters.

3. Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity.

4. Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

Housing Element Structure and Findings
This Housing Element has been prepared in accordance with State Law and is divided into 8 sections including: Introduction, Housing Needs Analysis, Regional Housing Needs and Special Needs, Land Inventory, Resources and Constraints, Evaluation of Previous Housing Element, Housing Goals, Policies, Programs and Quantified Objectives, and Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing. Some notable updates contained in the draft include:
o Population and Demographics
o Employment Characteristics
o Household Characteristics
o Housing Stock
o Housing Cost and Affordability
o Rent vs. Own
o Housing Need Assessment
o Overcrowding and Overpayment
o “At Risk” Housing
o Opportunities for Energy Conservation
o Regional Housing Needs Allocation
o Special Housing Needs
o Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
- Land Inventory:
o Assesses the housing development potential in Cudahy. Determines the quantity of land available on suitable sites to accommodate the City’s RHNA. - Resources and Constraints:
o Identifies resources that are available to the City to meet its quantified objectives for housing, especially new construction for affordable housing; as well as government and market constraints that might hinder housing development.

Identifies programs to remove and/or mitigate constraints, and analyses for lowand moderate-income housing assistance from state and federal sources. - Evaluation of Previous Housing Element:
o Reviews the City’s accomplishments under the 2013 Housing Element, and the 2018 update, particularly the City’s progress towards meeting its Regional Housing Needs Assessment goals.

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- Housing Goals, Policies, Programs, and Quantified Objectives:
o Lists updated housing goals, policies, and implementing programs for the City of Cudahy, responding to the assessment of the 2013 Housing Element and the 2018 update, as well as key issues, trends, opportunities, and constraints outlined in the Housing Needs Analysis and the assessment of Resources and Constrains.

Assessment Based Findings
Housing Needs Analysis:
- According to the 2020 United States Census, Cudahy has a 2020 total population of 22,811 persons, which is a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 23,805. - Cudahy is predominately Hispanic/Latino community representing 95.2% of the City’s residents.
- Cudahy has a low educational attainment with 42.7% of its residents having less than a high school education.
- According to data from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), Cudahy’s current household size of 5 persons per household, is 32% higher than the State average persons per household. In addition, the City’s housing stock is getting older; well over half (57.4%) of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1960, therefore, housing supply, in conjunction with affordability, may contribute to the growing household size. - According to the latest California Department of Finance the housing makeup in Cudahy is as follows; 37 percent single detached units, 22.8 percent single attached units, 5.6 percent 2-4 units, 27.3 percent 5 or more units, and 7.3% mobile home units. - Cudahy’s population is 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The 31.5% share of the population which is under 18 years of age is higher than the regional share of 23.4%. Cudahy's seniors (65 and above) make up 6.9% of the population, which is lower than the regional share of 13%.
- Of Cudahy's 5,601 total households, 24.5% are female-headed (compared to 14.3% in the SCAG region), 15.8% are female-headed and with children (compared to 6.6% in the SCAG region), and 1.4% are female-headed and with children under 6 (compared to 1.0% in the SCAG region).
- 22.7 percent of Cudahy’s households are experiencing poverty, compared to 7.9 percent of households in the SCAG region. Poverty thresholds, as defined by the ACS, vary by household type. In 2018, a single individual under 65 years was considered in poverty with a money income below $13,064/year while the threshold for a family consisting of 2 adults and 2 children was $25,465/year.

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- 7.9% of the City’s population were under 5 years of age. A total of 30.7% were between 5 years and 19 years of age. Working aged adults between the ages of 20 and 64 totaled 12,779 persons which represented 52.8%. Households with children, especially those with working parents or single heads of households, create a need for quality, affordable early care, and education services.
- Cudahy has 10,146 workers living within its borders who work across 13 major industrial sectors. The most prevalent industry is manufacturing with 1,773 employees (17.5% of total) and the second most prevalent industry is Education & Social Services with 1,613 employees (15.9% of total).
- There are 5,780 housing units in Cudahy. This number is an increase of 10 units (5770) over the 2010 number. Of this total, 2,127 units (36.8%) were single detached units, 1,313 units (23.1%) were single attached units, 326 units (5.6%) were 2-4 units, and 1,574 units (27.3%) were 5 or more units. In addition, a significant number of households live in mobile home parks. A total of 420 units (7.3%) are mobile home units. - Cudahy is primarily a residential community, with most of the city zoned residential with varying maximum densities. These designations are:
 Low Density Residential Zone (LDR) - 15 du/acre
 Medium Density Residential (MDR) – 25 du/acre
 High Density Residential (HDR) – 40 du/acre
- There is a large number of mobile home parks in the city, which the city is committed to improve and maintain with continued partnership with the State. - The city spans just over 1 square mile with a population density of 19,729 people per square mile.
- Cudahy is 10th in the Nation, and 2nd in California as the most densely populated city. - The average household income in Cudahy is $55,752 with a poverty rate 26.16%. The median rental cost is $1,306 per month, and median house value $420,700. - According to the 2020 United States Census, Cudahy has a 2020 total population of 22,811 persons, which is a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 23,805 persons. The population growth estimate for the city by the State Department of Finance was 24,172.

Regional Housing Needs Assessment and Special Needs:

The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has identified a total of 393 housing units for Cudahy’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment. The units are broken down as follows: 80 very low-income units, 36 low-income units, 53 moderate income units, and 224 above moderate-income units.

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- According to the 2020 Census data prepared by SCAG, of the City's 5,690 households in 2020, 2,879 households were considered low-income.
- Female-headed households accounted for 24.5% (1,372 households) of the city's total number of households in 2020.
- Of the occupied housing units in the city identified in the 2020 Census, 1,428 units were identified as being overcrowded (25.3% of the City’s total number of occupied units) and 534 units (9.5% of the total occupied units in the city) were identified as being severely overcrowded.
- Between 2015 and 2021, a total 119 housing units were constructed in Cudahy, including11 housing units constructed in 2021. The most prevalent housing type were apartments (54 units built in 2018 and 2019).
- Because HCD found that the city did not make adequate sites available to accommodate the RHNA in the previous planning period, Government Code Section 65584.09 requires the identification or, if necessary, rezoning of sites to address the unaccommodated lower-income RHNA from the previous planning period. The City of Cudahy must carry over 154 lower-income units from the 2013-2021 RHNA.

Land Inventory:
- The inventory of vacant residential and mixed-use land in Cudahy totals 6.8 acres. Most vacant sites identified in the inventory allow densities above 20 units per acre and are credited towards the lower-income RHNA. These vacant properties have the potential to yield 113 units, 92 of which can facilitate lower-income housing, as defined by state law. - The inventory of underutilized residential land in Cudahy totals 17.7 acres. Most underutilized sites identified in the inventory allow densities above 20 units per acre and are credited towards the lower-income RHNA. These properties have the potential to yield 343 units, 338 of which can facilitate lower-income housing, as defined by state law. - The sites inventory for the 2013 and 2021 RHNA planning periods indicates a capacity for 710 units, 684 (96 percent) of which occur on sites suitable for development of lowerincome housing. Overall, Cudahy can adequately accommodate and exceed the previous (2008-2013) and current (2013-2023) RHNA.

Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
As stated earlier, as of January 1, 2019, AB 686 extends the obligation to affirmatively further fair housing to all public agencies in the State of California. Affirmatively furthering fair housing means taking meaningful actions to combat discrimination that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to

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opportunity based on protected characteristics. The Bill added an assessment of fair housing to the Housing Element which includes the following components:
(1) a summary of fair housing issues and assessment of the City’s fair housing enforcement and outreach capacity,
(2) an analysis of segregation patterns and disparities in access to opportunities, (3) an assessment of contributing factors, and
(4) an identification of fair housing goals and actions.

This Housing Element analysis, therefore, must address the following:
(1) Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities, (2) Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns, (3) Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity,
(4) Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

Major Findings:
- In the State of California, there are approximately 1.2 million households living in public housing units, managed by about 3,300 housing agencies (HAs.). In the County of Los Angeles, the Los Angeles County Development Authority manages public housing programs for the City of Cudahy and some of the Gateway Cities. There are no recognized public housing buildings in the City of Cudahy.
- There are six Census Tracts in the City of Cudahy, namely: 6037534401, 6037534302, 60375344403, 6037534404, 6037534405, and 6037534406. In all the census tracts, there were 168 Housing Choice vouchers reported.
- Between 2013 and 2021, there was one (1) Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity inquiry in the City of Cudahy. In 2010, the number of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity inquiries in Los Angeles County was 291. 80 of those cases, or 25% were with a racial bias, 106 of the cases or 36.4% had a disability bias. 58 of the cases, or 20% had a familial status bias.

In 2020, there were 130 total cases reported. 27, or 20.7% of the cases had a racial bias, 86, or 66% had a disability bias, and 9, or 7% had a familial status bias. - In the City of Cudahy, the predominant racial or ethnic group is Hispanic or Latino, comprising of over 96% of the population. The while population percentage (%) was

1.47% and the black population percentage (%) was 1.28%. - Most of the city is reported to be within the 21% to 30% below poverty level range. This indicates that for most of the city, 21% to 30% of residents live below the poverty level, and 70% to 89% live above the poverty level compared to the region.

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- Most of the city of Cudahy is within the less than $55,000.00 median household income bracket.
- The city’s six census tracts fall within three environmental scores namely 0.01 to 0.25,

0.26 to 0.50, and 0.51 to 0.73. The Environmental Score in an indication of general environmental well-being based on exposure to the 12 exposure indicators identified above. The higher the score, the lower the environmental health of the community. With the city of Cudahy having an environmental score of 0.51 to 0.73 in some of its census tracts, those census tracts are considered less healthy than the SCAG region and the state. - There are three distinct education score categories encompassing the city’s six census tracts. They are the 0.01 to 0.25 Educational Score Domain, the 0.25 to 0.50 Educational Score Domain, and the 0.51 to 0.73 Education Score Domain. Compared to the State, most of the Census Tracts in the City of Cudahy score less than the state. The Education Score Domain is an indication of educational achievement and potential, with the higher score indicating more educational accomplishment and, therefore, success. - All of the City of Cudahy is in highest category of overcrowded households. This narrative is consistent with the analysis in prior sections of this document that identify the city as densely populated, and with a high number of household members. Based on Map

8.2726, the percentage of overcrowded households in the city is in the 20.0001% – 100% range. This is highest category in the SCAG region. Some of the reasons for overcrowding of households have been identified as cultural, social, and economic. There are several policy implications for the city, which include the need for the provision of more affordable housing, and the relaxation of some of the city’s regulations regarding garage conversions, SROs, and other housing assistance programs for the different economic strata of the city.
- The city is in the 0% to 20% non-white population category, which supports the predominantly Latino/Hispanic character of the city’s population. - The city’s six census tracts fall within three environmental scores namely 0.01 to 0.25,

0.26 to 0.50, and 0.51 to 0.73. The Environmental Score in an indication of general environmental well-being based on exposure to 12 exposure indicators. The higher the score, the lower the environmental health of the community. With the city of Cudahy having an environmental score of 0.51 to 0.73 in some of its census tracts, those census tracts are considered less healthy than the SCAG region and the state. - The City of Cudahy is in highest category of overcrowded households. This narrative is consistent with the analysis in prior sections of this document that identify the city as densely populated, and with a high number of household members. The percentage of overcrowded households in the city is in the 20.0001% – 100% range. This is highest category in the SCAG region. Some of the reasons for overcrowding of households have been identified as cultural, social, and economic. There are several policy implications for the city, which include the need for the provision of more affordable housing, and the

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relaxation of some of the city’s regulations regarding garage conversions, SROs, and other housing assistance programs for the different economic strata of the city. - Homeowners in two of the city’s six census tracts paid between 61% to 80% of their income on mortgages, and four of the six census tracts paid between 41% to 60% of their income on mortgages. These percentages are high especially since the recommended guidelines for the payment of mortgages is between 25% to 33% of household income.

The policy implications for the city would include ensuring that more housing units are built for all economic segments of the city including very low, low, moderate, and above moderate-income households.
- Most of the renters in the city of Cudahy pay between 81% to 100% of their income on rent, while the renters in one census tract pay between 41% to 60% of their income on rent. This indicates that the city is almost not affordable for renters in the city either due to insufficient income or high rent. The city of Cudahy does not have rent control, but the cost of rental housing can be reduced through the provision of more housing in all economic categories.
- The city of Cudahy is in the vulnerable category of sensitive communities indicating that most of the city is prone to gentrification. Social vulnerability refers to the potential negative effects on communities caused by external stresses on human health. Such stresses include natural or human-caused disasters, or disease outbreaks. Reducing social vulnerability can decrease both human suffering and economic loss. - The city of Cudahy is in an area of high segregation and poverty. - The city of Cudahy is within the 71% to 100% percentile of the CalEnviroScreen 4.0, score.

Two of the city’s census tracts are within the 71% to 80% percentile, while four of the census tracts are within the 91% to 100% percentile. The higher the percentile scores, the more a community is vulnerable to the potential effects of pollution. - Cudahy is classified as a disadvantaged community. What this means for the City of Cudahy is that in the areas of environmental and social justice, a history of unfair treatment of communities, predominantly communities of people of color and/or lowincome residents can be remedied. Disadvantaged communities in California are specifically targeted for investment of proceeds from the State’s cap-and-trade program.

These investments are aimed at improving public health, quality of life and economic opportunity in California’s most burdened communities at the same time reducing pollution that causes climate change.
- One of the mandates of AB 686, Affirmatively furthering Fair Housing is to identify and transform racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity. It appears that the city needs to set achievable goals designed to transform all its census tracts into areas of opportunities.

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- The city of Cudahy with a Healthy Places Index score of 0% to 20%. The higher the HPI score, the healthier a community is. This means that the city of Cudahy is one of the unhealthy communities, based on the HPI index, in the county of Los Angeles and the SCAG region.

General Plan Consistency
As stated earlier, the Housing Element and the Update is required to be consistent with the City’s General Plan. The Housing Element is one of the mandatory elements of a City’s General Plan, and is, therefore, required to be consistent with the General Plan. The purpose of the Housing Element is to ensure that policies, procedures, and incentives are established in a local agency’s land use planning and economic development activities that will result in the maintenance and expansion of the housing supply to accommodate current and future households in the City. The Housing Element institutes policies that guide a City’s decision making and establishes action programs to implement future housing goals.

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The Project has been environmentally reviewed pursuant to the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq. (CEQA)), the State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Sections 15000, et seq.), the requested entitlements have been noticed and posted according to CEQA project guidelines.

Cudahy has prepared an Addendum to the Cudahy General Plan 2040 EIR for the Housing Element Update which is a policy level document that is consistent with existing City of Cudahy’s General Plan land use designation and densities. Although the proposed project is intended to encourage and facilitate the development of housing through the 2021-2029 planning period, specific future projects are subject to regulation of the General Plan, performance standards and permitting processes of the City’s Municipal Code, including the Planning and Zoning regulations, CEQA review of each proposed project, and all mitigation measures contained in applicable CEQA documents. Furthermore, although the Housing Element Update includes programs that commit the City to future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations, these future amendments are currently conceptual in nature.

Evaluation of impacts at this time is too speculative so the City is preparing an Addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR to support its findings. All potential future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations will undergo separate CEQA reviews at the time of the zoning code amendments are defined.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
California Government Code requires that local governments make a diligent effort to achieve public participation from all economic segments of the community in the development of the Housing Element. In the preparation of the Housing Element Update, all organizations and agencies that provide housing or housing related services, and stakeholders, will be contacted, and meetings will be held, as necessary to address comments, issues, or concerns. For this

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Housing Element Update cycle, the City has planned community engagement activities to allow for public input to determine issues and areas of concern to the members of the public, community groups, and community stake holders. To facilitate this process, the City has prepared, and will soon publish surveys in three languages, English, Spanish. The results of the survey will further assist in shaping housing policies in the City now and in the future.

FISCAL IMPACT
The Housing Element Update was prepared by a consulting firm hired through the city’s RFP process. The city received a grant for the preparation of the Housing Element Update and would, therefore, not incur any costs with the preparation of the document and no impact on the city’s budget.

ATTACHMENTS
A. Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element (January 2021).

B. Addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR (6th Cycle Housing Element Update) C. Ordinance 718

CITY OF CUDAHY
6TH CYCLE HOUSING ELEMENT
UPDATE

CITY OF CUDAHY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
5220 SANTA ANA STREET
CUDAHY, CA 90201
323.773.5143
www.cityofcudahy.com
JANUARY 2022
Attachment A

HOUSING ELEMENT
Amended March 20, 2018
6 th Cycle Draft Amendment, October 2021
Cudahy City Council Resolution No. 18-07
Cudahy City Council Resolution No. 22-01
CITY COUNCIL (2022)
Jose R. Gonzalez, Mayor
Elizabeth Alcantara, Vice Mayor
Daisy Lomeli, Councilmember
Jack M. Guerrero, Councilmember
Blanca Lazoya, Councilmember
PLANNING COMMISSION (2022)
Richard Corvera-Hernandez, Commissioner
Patricia Covarrubias, Commissioner
Gilbert Cuevas, Commissioner
Gustavo Mendez, Commissioner
City of Cudahy
5220 Santa Ana Street
Cudahy, CA 90201
323.773.5143
www.cityofcudahy.com

Table of Contents

Executive Summary…………………………….……………………………………………………………………..Page

1. Introduction

1.1 What is a Housing Element?…………………………………………………………………..……...Page

1.2 Frequency of Review and Update…………………………………………………..……………...Page

1.3 Housing Element Contents………………………………………………..…………………………..Page

1.4 Relationship to General Plan Elements…………………………………………..…..………….Page

1.5 Information Sources…………………………………………………………….…………………………Page

1.6 Public Outreach…………………………………………………………………………..……….………..Page

1.7 Reviews by State HCD …………………………………………………………………………………...Page

2. Housing Needs Analysis

2.1 Population and Demographics.……………………………………………………………………...Page Population Trends.…………………………………………………..………………………………Page Race and Ethnicity Characteristics ……………………………..……...……………………Page Age Characteristics.………………………………………………..…………….………………….Page Education Attainment.…………………………………………..…………………………………Page

2.2 Employment Characteristics……………………..………………………………………………….Page Employment and Unemployment…………………………………………………………….Page

2.3 Household Characteristics………………………………………………………..……………...……Page Household Sizes………………………………...…………………………………………………….Page

2.4 Housing Stock……………………………………………………….…………………………………….…Page Housing Types.…………………………………………………………………………………………Page
Housing Age, Condition & Overcrowding………………….…..………………………….Page Housing Tenure, Occupancy and Vacancy……………………………..……...…………Page

2.5 Housing Cost and Affordability…………………………………………………...…………………Page Housing Costs and Affordability……..………………………………………………………Page

2.6 Rent vs. Own……………………………………………………………………………….………………...Page Renter…………………………………………….………………………………………………………..Page
Owner………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page

2.7 Housing Need Assessment…………………………………………………………………………..…Page Extremely Low-Income Households…………………………………………………………. Page Existing Needs……………………….…………………………………………………………………Page
Projected Needs……………………………………………………………………….………………Page

2.8 Overcrowding and Overpayment……………………………………………………………….…..Page

2.9 “At Risk” Housing…………………………………………………………………………………………..Page Conversion Risk…………………………………………..……………………………………………Page
Federally Assisted “At-Risk” Units…………………………….……………………………..Page Cost of Replacement vs. Preservation……………………………………...………………Page Qualified Entities…………………………………………………………..…………………………Page

2.10 Opportunities for Energy Conservation…………………………….………………………….Page Greenhouse Gas Emissions……………………………………………………….……………..Page Utility Costs……………………………………………….……………………………………………..Page Energy Conservation………………………………….……………………………...…………….Page Citywide Strategies……………………………..…………………………..……………………….Page

3. Regional Housing Needs Assessments and Special Needs

3.1 Regional Housing Needs Allocation, 2021-2029…………………………….…..…………..Page Methodology……………………………………………………………………….…...……………..Page
Cudahy’s ‘Fair Share’ of the Regional Housing Need…………………………..……Page What the Numbers Mean………………………………………………………….……………..Page

3.2 Special Housing Needs…………………………………………………………….....…………………Page Emergency Shelter & Transitional Housing…………………………………….…………Page Homelessness……………………………………………………..……………………………………Page
Persons with Disabilities……………………………………………..…………………..……….Page Households in Need of Reasonable Accommodation……………………..…………Page Developmental Disabilities…………………………………………………….………………..Page Strategies and Programmatic Responses to Meet Need……………………….…..Page Female-Headed Households………………………………………..…………………………..Page Large Family Households………….………………………………………………………………Page Overcrowding…………………………………………………….….…………………..…………….Page
Elderly Households…………………………………………..……………...………………………Page

Farmworkers…………………………………………………..……………….………………………Page

4. Land Inventory

4.1 Housing Inventory…………………………………………….………………………...…………………Page Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA)…………………..…………………………Page Sites Inventory Assumptions………………………………………………….…………………Page Zoning Appropriate to Accommodate Housing for Lower-Income Households…………………………..Page Site Suitability …………………..………………………………………………….…………………Page Sites Inventory and Analysis…………………………………………………..…………………Page Unaccommodated RHNA (4th Cycle, 2008-2013)……………………………………………..Page RHNA (5th Cycle, 2014-2021)…………………………..………………………………………..Page Adequacy of Sites to Meet the RHNA………………………………………………..……..Page

4.2 Environmental and Infrastructure Constraints…………………..…………………………..Page Environmental Setting…………………………………….………………………..……………..Page Noise……………………………………………………………………….……….………………………Page
Geologic and Seismic Hazards………………………………………….……………………….Page Roads……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page
Assessment of Sewer and Water………………………………………………………………Page

5. Resources and Constraints

5.1 Financing and Subsidy Sources…………………………………………….……………..…………Page Federal Resources…………………………………………………………………………………….Page
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)……………….………..………………Page

5.2 Government Constraints on Housing Production…………………………………...………Page Governmental Constraints……………………………………………….………………………Page Cudahy General Plan Land Use Policy………………………………………….……………Page Development Code Requirements………………………………….…….………………….Page Processing and Permit Procedures………….………………………….………………..….Page Entitlement fees……………………………………………………………………………………….Page
On-/Off-Site Improvements………………………………………………………………………Page Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities…………………………...……Page Procedure for Ensuring Reasonable Accommodation……………………………….Page

Development Review Process………………………………………….………...……………Page

5.3 Market Constraints on Housing Development………………………………………………Page Land Costs / Construction Costs……………………………………....………...……………Page Availability of Financing………………………………………………….………………………..Page Housing Crisis………………………………………………………………..………….……………..Page

6. Evaluation of the Prevention Housing Element
Assessment of Goals, Policies, Programs and Quantified Objectives.…….Page

7. Housing Goals, Policies, Programs and Quantified Objectives

7.1 Housing Goals, Policies, and Programs………………………………………………….…….Page Goal H-1: Housing Supply and Mix……………………………………………....………..Page Policies 1.1 - 1.8………………………………...…………….…………………………Page
Goal H-2: Meeting Special Needs………....………………...………………….....……….Page Policies 2.1 – 2.8……………………………………………………………..………….Page
Goal H-3: Maintenance and Rehabilitation……..…………...……………..………..Page Policies 3.1 – 3.10………………………………………………………….….………Page
Goal H-4: Quality Neighborhoods…….………………………………………….…………Page Policies 4.1 – 4.8……………………………………………………………..…….…..Page
Goal H-5: Equal Housing Opportunities………………………………………….……..Page Policies 5.1 – 5.8……………………………………………………………..…..…….Page
Goal H-6: Equal Housing Opportunities………………………………………….……..Page Policies 6.1 – 6.2 …………………………………………………………..…..…….Page
Housing Programs…………………………………………………………………………………Page
Summary of Housing Programs………………………………………………………………..Page

List of Tables
Table 2-1 Population Trends 1970 - 2010…………………………………………..……………………………Page Table 2-2 Trends in Average Household Size………………………………….………………………………..Page Table 2-3 Race and Ethnicity Characteristics………………………………………………………………...…Page Table 2-4 Age Characteristics of the Population…………………………………….…………………..……Page Table 2-5 Age Group Changes 1980-2010………………………………………………………………………..Page Table 2-6 Types of Housing 2010…………………………………………………………………….....…………..Page Table 2-7 Changes in Housing Types Between 1980-2010………………………………………..….…..Page Table 2-8 Housing Condition Survey 2013…………………………………………………….…………………Page Table 2-9 Age of Housing Stock 2010……………………..……………………………….………………………Page Table 2-10 Overcrowded Units 2011……………………………………………………………….………………Page Table 2-11 HUD Fair Market Rates Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA……….................………….Page Table 2-12 Housing Need for Extremely Low-Income Households…………………………………..Page Table 2-13 Household Overcrowding………………………………………..………………..…………………..Page Table 2-14 Total Households Overpaying………………..……………………………………..……………….Page Table 2-15 Total Households Severely Overpaying…………………..………………………………………Page Table 2-16 Low-Income Households Overpaying……………………………………………………..………Page Table 2-17 Summary of At-Risk Units………………………………………………………………....…………..Page Table 2-18 Rehabilitation Costs…………………………………………………………………………….…………Page Table 2-19 New Construction/Replacement Costs………………………………………………..…………Page Table 2-20 Organizations………………………………………………………………………………………..……….Page Table 3-1 4
th Cycle RHNA January 2006-June 2014…………..……………………………….…………….Page Table 3-2 5th Cycle RHNA January 2014-October 2021……………………………….……………………Page

Table 3-4 Estimates Residents with Disabilities 2011…………………..…………………….……………Page Table 3-5 Active Consumers by Age Group……………………………………………………………………...Page Table 3-6 Mental Disabilities by Gender…………………………………………………………………….……Page Table 3-7 Physical Disabilities by Gender…………………………………………………………………………Page Table 3-8 Tenure by Large Families………………………………………………………………………………….Page Table 3-9 Tenure by Elderly Households……………………………………………………………………….…Page Table 4-1 Regional Housing Needs Allocation..……………………..………………………..……………….Page Table 4-2 Sites Inventory Table..………………………………………………………………………………...…..Page Table 4-3 2014-2021 RHNA Sites Capacity (Units)………………………………………….………………..Page Table 4-4 Comparison of Sites Inventory and RHNA .………………………………………….…………..Page Table 5-1 Development Standards…………………………………………………………………………..………Page Table 5-2 Housing Type Permitted by Zoning District……………………………………………………...Page Table 5-3 Timeliness for Permit Procedures………………………………………………………….…………Page Table 5-4 Processing Procedures by Project Type……………………………………………………….……Page Table 5-5 Planning and Development Fee Schedule as of December 14, 1987, Per City Ordinance No. 376…………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….Page Table 7-1 Summary of Programs…………………………………………………………….….………………….Page Table 7-2 Proposed Quantified Objectives for 2013-2021…………………….…….……….………..Page List of Charts
Population Growth 1970-2010…………………………………………………….………………………………….Page Trend of Average Household Size…………………………………………………….………………………………Page Age Groups………………………………………………………………………………………..……...……………………Page Change in Age Groups 1980-2010………………………………...……………………………………..………….Page

Educational Attainment………………………………………………….…………………………………………….…Page Homelessness…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………..Page List of Maps
Sites Inventory Map…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………...Page

1. INTRODUCTION
This Housing Element is divided into eight (8) Sections:
• Introduction
• Housing Needs Analysis
• Regional Housing Needs Assessment and Special Needs
• Land Inventory
• Resources and Constraints
• Evaluation of Previous Housing Element
• Housing Goals, Policies, Programs, and Quantified Objectives • Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
The 6th Cycle Housing Element
The 6th Cycle Housing Element for the City of Cudahy is a required element of the City’s General Plan and is, therefore, required to be consistent with the General Plan. The 6th Cycle Housing Element covers the time period from October 15, 2021, to October 15, 2029, and includes extensive background information on community demographics, including population, employment and households, current housing, as well as updated policies, programs, and ‘quantified objectives’ to guide the City’s development through 2029. State Law requires that the Element include the following components:
• An analysis of the City’s population, household, and employment base, and the characteristics of the housing stock.
• A summary of the present and projected housing needs of the City’s households. • A review of potential constraints to meeting the City’s identified housing needs. • An evaluation of opportunities that will further the development of new housing. • A Community Outreach Plan
• A Statement of the Housing Plan to address identified housing needs • An analysis on Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
Also, this is the first Housing Element Cycle to implement the requirements of Assembly Bill 686 (AB 686), Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH). As of January 1, 2019, AB 686 extends the obligation to affirmatively further fair housing to all public agencies in the State of California. Affirmatively furthering fair housing means taking meaningful actions to combat discrimination that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.

This Housing Element must address:
(1) Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities, (2) Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns, (3) Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity, (4) Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair h housing laws.

2. HOUSING NEEDS ANALYSIS
This chapter gives an overview of the City’s population and employment growth, household characteristics, and housing characteristics. It also provides an analysis of the housing affordability and a discussion of housing receiving federal, State, or local aid ‘at-risk’ of conversion due to the impeding expiration of assistance. Key findings of this chapter include:

3. REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND SPECIAL NEEDS
The first part of this chapter outlines the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process which is maintained by the State. Through this process, each jurisdiction is given a set of numbers presenting housing units for each income level that the jurisdiction must help construct, rehabilitate, or conserve during the housing period from 2021 to 2029. The chapter then describes Cudahy’s share of the regional housing needs, and what has already been achieved in meeting those needs.

4. LAND INVENTORY
This chapter assesses the housing development potential in Cudahy. The purpose is to determine the quantity of land available on suitable sites to accommodate the City’s RHNA. The analysis indicates there are approximately 16.18 acres of vacant or underutilized land that can support 314 -housing units at various income levels.

5. RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS
This chapter identifies the resources that are available to the city to meet its quantified objectives for housing, especially new construction for affordable housing; as well as government and market constraints that might hinder housing development and includes a detailed analysis of the current permitting and regulatory process. In those cases where potential governmental constraints are identified, the city has identified programs to remove and/or mitigate those constraints. Also included is an analysis for low- and moderate-income housing assistance from State and federal sources.

6. EVALUATION OF THE PREVIOUS HOUSING ELEMENT
This chapter reviews the City’s accomplishments under the 2013 Housing Element, particularly the city’s progress towards meeting its Regional Housing Needs Assessment goals, and the 2018 update. The analysis found that since 1992, 68 affordable units have been constructed. 142 are considered at-risk. A comprehensive General Plan update was adopted in 2018 as part of the comprehensive General Plan and housing element update.

7. HOUSING GOALS, POLICIES, PROGRAMS, AN QUALTIFIED OBJECTIVES This chapter of the Housing Element lists updated housing goals, policies, and implementing programs for the City of Cudahy, responding to the assessment of the 2013 Housing Element, the 2018 update, as well as key issues, trends, opportunities, and constraints outlined in the Housing Needs Analysis and the assessment of Resources and Constraints.

The following nine goal areas have been defined in the Housing Element:

Goals
• Housing Element Goal 1: The City of Cudahy will improve the housing supply and the choice of housing opportunities through private investment and, where necessary, through public action and financing.
• Housing Element Goal 2: The City of Cudahy will promote affordable housing and shelter for all economic segments of the community.
• Housing Element Goal 3: The City of Cudahy will support and provide incentives for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock.
• Housing Element Goal 4: The City of Cudahy will encourage development of a viable urban community consistent with orderly growth and environmental conservation to provide suitable living environments, with access to employment, community facilities, and services. • Housing Element Goal 5: The City of Cudahy will promote equal access and opportunity to housing regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, or color. • Housing Element Goal 6: The City of Cudahy will identify and address significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to housing opportunities.
• Housing Element Goal 7: The City of Cudahy will identify and replace segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns.
• Housing Element Goal 8: The City of Cudahy will identify and transform racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity.
• Housing Element Goal 9: The City of Cudahy will foster and maintain compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

For each goal, a series of policies are defined, with implementing programs for each policy, as appropriate.

8. AFFIRMATIVELY FURTHERING FAIR HOUSING
This section will address the following:
• Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities. • Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns. • Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity.
• Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.

1 Introduction

1.1 WHAT IS A HOUSING ELEMENT?
The Housing Element is one the seven required elements of the General Plan. State Housing Element law, enacted in 1969, mandates that local governments adequately plan to meet the existing and projected housing needs of all segments of the population. It requires that the Housing Element be consistent with all parts of the General Plan and be closely related to the Land Use Element, which specifies land within the jurisdiction that can be utilized for housing development. The law acknowledges that, for the private market to adequately address housing needs and demands, local governments must adopt plans and regulatory systems, which support housing developments. As a result, the successful growth of a community rests largely upon the implementation of local general plans, and in particular, the Housing Element.

The 6
th Cycle Housing Element has a planning period of 8 years. It is programmatic in focus and is required to meet specific requirements set by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD).

The Housing Element of the Cudahy General Plan addresses the housing needs of the city. The primary focus of the Housing Element is to encourage the provision of suitable housing for City residents and to protect the vitality of existing residential neighborhoods. The goals and policies of the Cudahy Housing Element address the following issues:
(a) the promotion of new housing development,
(b) the maintenance and improvement of existing housing unit, (c) and identifying and addressing housing discrimination.

Through its housing program, the city will improve the quality of existing housing and encourage the production of new housing types to meet residents' needs.

Cudahy is primarily a residential community, with most of the city zoned residential with varying maximum densities. These designations are:
▪ Low Density Residential Zone (LDR) - 15 du/acre
▪ Medium Density Residential (MDR) – 25 du/acre
▪ High Density Residential (HDR) – 40 du/acre
There is also a large number of mobile home parks in the city, which the city is committed to improve and maintain with continued partnership with the State. The city spans just over 1 square mile and with a population density of 19,729 people per square mile, Cudahy is 10th in the Nation, and 2nd in California as the most densely populated city. The Housing Element examinesthe housing problems of the City and seeks to provide solutions to improve future housing conditions.

The average household income in Cudahy is $55,752 with a poverty rate 26.16%. The median rental cost is $1,306 per month, and median house value $420,700.

This Housing Element is designed to address key housing issues in the City. These issues include:
(a) the need to maintain and rehabilitate the existing housing stock, (b) development of new housing to relieve overcrowding and housing cost, and (c) the maintenance of affordable housing for low-income households, special needs households and overpaying households.

The city is continuously seeking to meet the housing needs of its residents and to accommodate its share of regional housing. This will accomplish both state and local housing goals.

The Housing Element fulfills the requirements of the State Planning and Zoning Law and the regulations of Section 65580-65589.5 of the California Government Code. State law is very specific on the content of the Housing Element and makes it clear that the provision of affordable housing is the responsibility of all local governments. It expects the city to have its fair share in the development of regional housing needs and to contribute to the attainment of State housing goals.

1.2 FREQUENCY OF REVIEW AND UPDATE
The process of updating Housing Elements is triggered by HCD through the “regional housing needs” process. The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process is a State mandate on planning for housing, whereby each jurisdiction in the State is given “fair share” of local housing needs according to income distribution. Prior to the 2013 update, the last time the State initiated the regional housing needs process was in 1999.

The current Housing Element will serve the planning period beginning October 15, 2021, to October 15, 2029. This is an eight-year period to coincide with the RHNA process.

1.3 HOUSING ELEMENT CONTENTS
The Housing Element is required by State law to include:
• An assessment of existing housing needs-with an analysis of housing affordability, conditions, special needs, and affordable units at-risk of converting to market-rate—as well as projected needs as laid out in the RHNA.
• A detailed sites inventory and analysis that evaluates the jurisdiction’s ability to accommodate its RHNA.
• An analysis of constraints on housing in the jurisdiction • Housing programs that identify adequate sites to accommodate the City’s share of the regional housing need; assisting in the development of housing for very low- and low- income households; removing or mitigating governmental constraints to affordable housing; conserving and improving the existing affordable housing stock; promoting equal housing opportunity; and preserving the atrisk units identified; and

• Quantified objectives that estimate the maximum number of units, by income level, to be constructed, rehabilitated, and conserved over the planning period of the element.

1.4 RELATIONSHIP TO GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS
The current Cudahy 2040 General Plan was adopted in March 2018 and established a long-range plan. The plan includes eight elements required by State law, including:

Land Use,
Transportation,
Open Space/Recreation,
Conservation,
Public Safety,
Noise,
Housing,
Air Quality, and
Economic Development Elements.

This Housing Element is intended to serve as the seventh required element of the General Plan. It takes into consideration new land use designations and other policies in the Plan to ensure consistency between the other Plan elements. The Housing Element update will serve as the foundation for a comprehensive update of the goals/policies of the remaining 6 elements during the next General Plan update in the coming years.

Consistency with General Plan and Policies
2018 General Plan Amendment
Between 2016 - 2018, the City of Cudahy undertook a comprehensive General Plan update. New General Plan Land Use designations were developed, allowing higher densities in residential areas, and identifying new areas for mixed-use development with higher residential densities. The city completed a concurrent Development Code and Zoning Map update to provide zoning districts consistent with the new General Plan. This focused Housing Element amendment identifies sitesto meet the existing RHNA, with consistently higher densities allowed, and replaces sites identified in the original 2013 and the updated 2018 Housing Element that were no longer available due to rezoning.

The Housing Element of the General Plan is one component of the City's overall long-range planning strategy. The California Government Code requires that the General Plan contain an integrated, consistent set of goals and policies. The Housing Element is, therefore, affected by policies contained in other elements of the General Plan.

As stated earlier, Cudahy is primarily a residential community where most of the zoning is higher density residential. Cudahy is one of the most densely populated cities in the region. The Housing Element examines the housing problems of the City and seeks to provide solutions to improve future housing conditions.

This Element has been developed in accordance with the current Land Use Plan. All goals and policies in the General Plan were also reviewed concurrently to ensure consistency between the Elements.

1.5 INFORMATION SOURCES
The information presented in this Housing Element is gathered from a variety of sources. The primary source of information used in the compilation of demographic, housing, and socio-economic information for Cudahy includes data collected by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Several other sources were also consulted during the preparation of this analysis, with the key sources being the State Department Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the State Department of Finance (DOF), and the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and the American Community Survey (ACS). SCAG is mandated under State law to prepare population, housing, and employment projections that are to be used in the development of the region’s Growth Management Plan. These projections were used in the determination of the city’s regional housing needs assessment (RHNA).

Various other sources (both private and public) were also used. Wherever possible, data from the City and County were used to facilitate an understanding of local needs and conditions.

1.6 PUBLIC OUTREACH
Covid-19
The 6th Cycle Housing Element is the first Housing Element to be prepared during the Covid-19 pandemic.

From the beginning of 2020 through 2021, most offices, schools, places of worship, places of social gathering, retail stores, restaurants, government offices and religious and educational institutions were either closed or operated remotely and/or with limited staff.

As a result of government and health regulations regarding social distancing and closures of government establishments and other facilities, gathering information from city staff and members of the community as required by the California Housing Element Law has been a challenge. Interacting with city staff to obtain information has also been restricted. However, through it all, the City of Cudahy has been able to proceed with community outreach efforts through a series of community surveys in English and Spanish, Planning Commission Workshop, focused stakeholder interviews and other outreach efforts designed to measure the effectiveness of the existing 5th Cycle Housing Element while serving as potential foundation for the 6th Cycle policies, goals, and objectives.

Los Angeles County in general, and specifically cities within the gateway communities, experienced more disruption in services than any other county or counties in the State. For example, Los Angeles County reported 1.43 million cases of covid-19 and 25,530 deaths. In comparison, San Diego County reported 3,942 deaths, Riverside County reported 4,826 deaths, San Bernardino County reported 5,439 deaths, and Orange County reported 5,312 deaths. The number of deaths in these counties did not equal the deaths in Los Angeles County alone. By contrast, Santa Barbara County reported only 494 deaths, and Sonoma County reported 368 deaths.

Community Outreach
The Housing Element was prepared with public outreach and participation to the extent permissible under the restrictions of covid 19. To ensure the broadest community involvement, particularly among low-income and special needs groups, the city used several strategies, including:

• On August 1, 2021, the city conducted a Planning Commission workshop via zoom to inform members of the Commission and the general public of the housing element process, receive input, and to inform of the AB 686 requirements. .
• On August 26, 2021, a focused stakeholder interview consisting of 11 members of the Cudahy community who were either land developers, community activists, residents, and business owners, was conducted via zoom. The participants ranged from the owner of a bakery, a residential developer, a representative from the East Yard Communities for Economic Justice to a school principal and an executive from a utility company. The survey questions ranged from the functions of the Housing Element to whether the City’s current land use policies adequately meet the City’s housing goals.
• A Community Outreach survey prepared in English and Spanish, and made available over a period of 60 days, between July 14, 2021, and September 14, 2021, was distributed and broadcast over several social media outlets, including a dedicated website specifically for the Housing Element Update, was made available to everyone. There was a total of 52 respondents. • Information on the Housing Element update was made available at all City facilities, including City Hall, Senior Center, Parks and Recreation, as well as on the city’s website.

The city distributed survey fliers to all City facilities, including. • Senior Center
• City Hall
• Parks & Recreation
• Nation Night Out
• Food Distribution
• Other city events
The City maintains a distribution list of stakeholder organizations, interested private citizens and public agencies (see list above), posts public information on the City’s website and at the physical location of the meetings, and issues press release. The venues for the public meetings were ADA accessible and served by public transportation. The city also advertised meetings, public hearings, and availability of the Housing Element in the monthly community newsletter.

Community Input
Through the published survey using SurveyPlanet, the city was able to collect responses to the questions on the survey regarding the Draft Housing Element. Comments and suggestions included:
• Providing affordable housing
• Address the homelessness issue
• Most respondents were favorable toward gentrification if the City provides existing residents with first right of refusal for existing residents
• Utilizing existing properties in the City that are currently under-utilized or vacant for more housing unit opportunities
• Concerns over the City’s residential height restrictions which prevent the development of more high

rises with higher densities
• Concern with parking in the city
• A reduction in the size of units required by the city would allow developers to build more affordable units.
• The use of density bonus to encourage development of more affordable housing • Provision of permanent shelters for the homeless
• The city should investigate making more its resident homeowners rather than renters • The City’s current rents are too high
• Residential properties are not being kept up
• Provide diverse housing opportunities
Survey Results

1. Do you live and/or work in the City of Cudahy?
69% of the participants in this survey live in Cudahy but their job is located somewhere else where only 20 percent live and work in in the city of Cudahy.

2. Do you own a business in the City of Cudahy?

92% for both English and Spanish Survey) of participants do not own a business in the city of Cudahy.

3. Are you a member of a community civic organization?

Most participants are members of a community civic organization (at 87%) but in the Spanish survey more participants are involved in the community at 41%.

4. Do you currently own or rent your residence?

In the English survey that most of the participants (62%) rent their residence where in the Spanish survey about 50% of the participants who own their own residence and about 50% rent their residence within the city of Cudahy.

5. Do you think that the range of housing options currently available in Cudahy meets the needs of the community?

Most of the participants believe that the range of housing options available in Cudahy do not meet the needs of the community.

6. In your opinion, what type(s) of additional housing are most needed in the City of Cudahy? (Select all that apply
Participants are equally split between the different types of housing with the most focusing on Single family housing, Condominiums and Duplex/attached housing.

7. Describe the housing stock in the City of Cudahy (Select all that apply):

28% of the English survey participants picked other and wrote their own word to describe the city’s housing stock (for example: limited, expensive, overpopulated, low income, lack of stock, crowded, unsafe, etc.) with Diverse coming in second at 25% where the Spanish survey is the reverse. For the Spanish survey the word Diverse is selected by 27% of the participants where in second they selected other at 18% of the time.

8. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Provide more housing for all income levels.

9. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Promote housing affordable to working families.

10. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Build more SingleFamily Housing.

11. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Build more Multifamily housing (apartments, condos, etc.)

12. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Rehabilitate existing housing.

13. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Create mixed-use (commercial/retail/office and residential projects to bring different land uses closer together).

14. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? Provide more housing for the disabled.

15. How important are the following housing priorities to you and your household? How do you feel about Fair Housing?

16. In a built-out community like Cudahy, what strategies should the city apply or pursue to ensure affordable fair housing for its residents?
In both the English and Spanish surveys, the most frequent answer given was rent control regarding the number one strategy the city should apply or pursue to ensure affordable fair housing for its residents.

17. In your opinion, what is the most pressing housing need(s) for the City of Cudahy right now? The most frequently suggested responses are affordable housing, parking, and overall availability of housing to the community.

In conclusion, the 6th Cycle Housing Element Update Survey completed for the city of Cudahy allowed us to infer from this sample size of participants that of most of the residents rent their residence and do not own their own business. Even though most respondents in English are not involved in a community civic organization, about 50% of the respondents in Spanish are involved in a community organization. But the majority of both survey’s participants agreed that the current range of housing options in the city of Cudahy do not meet the needs of the community and all types of housing are needed to provide even more diverse, affordable, and safer options for all residents. As seen in the graphs above for questions 10 -17 most of the

participants for both surveys thought the housing priorities mentioned were very important to their households but the strategies to pursue fair housing or even deciding on the most pressing needs for the city were mainly focused on rent control, affordable housing, housing availability, and parking. Overall, in total there were 52 participants who took part in both surveys over a two-month period.

1.7 REVIEWS BY STATE HCD
State law requires every updated Housing Element be submitted to California’s Housing and Community Development (HCD) to ensure compliance with the State’s minimum requirements. This ‘certification’ process is unique among the General Plan elements.

Housing Elements are submitted twice to HCD for review and comment: once during development of the Housing Element (in draft form), and again after adoption of the Housing Element by the local jurisdiction.

The first period requires 60 days and must take place prior to adoption deadline. The second review requires 90 days and takes place after the adoption deadline. It is after the second review that written findings regarding compliance are submitted to the local government.

2 Housing Needs Analysis

2.1 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
The type and amount of housing needed in a community is largely determined by population growth and various demographic variables. Factors such as population size, age, race, and occupation can be used to analyze the effectiveness of existing housing policies and provide a general direction and focus for future housing initiatives. Population characteristics include population growth trends in the city, age characteristics, and ethnicity.

POPULATION TRENDS
Cudahy is in Los Angeles County and is one the Gateway Communities of the county. According to the 2020 United States Census, Cudahy has a 2020 total population of 22,811 persons, which is a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 23,805 persons. The population growth estimate for the city by the State Department of Finance was 24,172. As stated earlier, the City of Cudahy spans over 1 mile and with a population density of 19,729 people per square mile, is 10th in the Nation, and 2nd in California as the most densely populated city. The average household income in Cudahy is $55,752 with a poverty rate 26.16%. The median rental cost is $1,306 per month, and median house value $420,700.

Chart 2.1 (Population, Housing, and Households) describes the population trend in Cudahy from 2000 to 2020. Over this period Cudahy had an annual population growth rate of 0% compared to 0.7% for the region.

Cudahy experienced its greatest population growth in the 1990s; however, from 2007 through 2010 there was a slight reduction in population that may be attributed to out-migration, cost of living, and the declining economy from 2000 to 2010. By contrast, in 1970, the city had a population of 16,998 persons. In 1980, the census estimated the City’s population at 17,984 persons; the 1990 census estimated the population at 22,817 persons and 24,208 persons in 2000.

Chart 2.1 – Population, Employment, and Households

Ethnicity
Cudahy is a predominately Hispanic/Latino community with Hispanic/Latinos comprising 95.2% of the city’s residents. The City’s White population is 3.1% and the Black/African American population is 0.7%. Cudahy also has a large immigrant population, and according to local sources, a large undocumented immigrant population. The number of undocumented immigrants residing in the city may sometimes skew sociodemographic information as most undocumented immigrants may be able to work and contribute to the economy of the area but may not be able to utilize Federal or State programs that require valid social security numbers or other means of identification.

Education
According to US Census numbers, the percentage of high school graduates or higher of persons residing in Cudahy age 25 years or older is 50.7%. The percentage of bachelor’s degree holder or higher is 6.6%. 42.7 percent of Cudahy’s residents have less than a high school education.

Household Size and Housing Stock
The average household size in the city has increased over the years largely due to several trends including increasing family size, shared living space to reduce cost, increasing cost of living, and overcrowding due to lack of available, affordable housing. In fact, the lack of affordable housing for the residents of Cudahy is cited at the top of their housing challenges.

According to data from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), Cudahy’s current household size of 5 persons per household, is 32% higher than the State average persons per household. In addition, the City’s housing stock is getting older; well over half (57.4%) of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1960, therefore, housing supply, in conjunction with affordability, may contribute to the growing household size.

According to the latest California Department of Finance the housing makeup in Cudahy is as follows; 37 percent single detached units, 22.8 percent single attached units, 5.6 percent 2-4 units, 27.3 percent 5 or more units, and 7.3% mobile home units.

Population and Population Trend
Table 2.1
Population Trends 1970-2021
Year Population Change (#) Change (%)
1970 16,998 n/a n/a
1980 17,984 986 5.8%
1990 22,817 4,833 26.9%
2000 24,208 1,391 6.1%
2007 25,870 1,662 6.9%
2010 23,805 -2,065 -8%
2015 24,383 +578 +2.37%
2020 22,811 - -1,572 -6.4
Sources: U.S. Census

From the table above, it is apparent that population growth in Cudahy was the greatest in the 1990's compared to the 1980 number. Although population increased from 1990 to 2007, the percentage of increase was smaller than the 26.9% growth from 1980 to 1990. 2020 saw a slight decrease in population but the 2015 population showed a slight rebound. The 2020 population, which was smaller than the projected population for same period, is 6.4% lower than the 2015 population. The population trend between 2015 and 2020 raises some concern for the city if the trend continues. The previous Housing Element adopted in 1992 assumed that growth in the coming decade would be like that observed from 1970 to 1980 (5.8%) and the resulting population projection included in the earlier housing element projected a population of 24,140 in the year-2000, which was quite close to the actual 2000 population figure of 24,208 persons identified in the U.S. Census for that year. A slight reduction in population in recent years may be due to the growing cost of housing in the city, the lack of “affordable” housing based on the City’s socioeconomic data, new migration trends, and the inability to balance housing cost with lifestyle in the city.

Chart 2.2 – Current Population by Age and Sex
Looking at the City’s population breakdown by age and gender, Cudahy’s population is 49.7% male and

50.3% female. The 31.5% share of the population which is under 18 years of age is higher than the regional share of 23.4%. Cudahy's seniors (65 and above) make up 6.9% of the population, which is lower than the regional share of 13%. Table xx describes Cudahy’s current population be age and sex.

Chart 2.3 – Households by Household Size
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates 334 679859 1103
1198
391
247
69 133
171
121
170
52 74
403
812
1,030
1,224
1,368
443
321

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7+
Households (% by size category)
Number of People per Household
Renter Owner Total

The most commonly occurring household size in Cudahy is five people per household (24.4%) and the second-most commonly occurring household size is of four people per household (21.9%). There are also some household sizes of 7 persons and some with 1 person. Cudahy has a lower share of single-person households than the SCAG region overall (7.2% vs. 23.4%) and a higher share of 7+ person households than the SCAG region overall (5.7% vs. 3.1%)
Specialized Housing Needs
As part of the Housing Element process, State law requires analysis of specialized housing needs, including female-headed households to ensure adequate childcare or job training services. Of Cudahy's 5,601 total households, 24.5% are female-headed (compared to 14.3% in the SCAG region), 15.8% are female-headed and with children (compared to 6.6% in the SCAG region), and 1.4% are female-headed and with children under 6 (compared to 1.0% in the SCAG region).

According to the American Community Survey (ACS), 22.7 percent of Cudahy’s households are experiencing poverty, compared to 7.9 percent of households in the SCAG region. Poverty thresholds, as defined by the ACS, vary by household type. In 2018, a single individual under 65 years was considered in poverty with a money income below $13,064/year while the threshold for a family consisting of 2 adults and 2 children was $25,465/year.

Table 2.2 - Elderly Households by Income and Tenure
Owner Renter Total Percent of Total Elderly Households
Income category,
relative to
surrounding area:
< 30% HAMFI 75 170 245 61.9%
30-50% HAMFI 40 40 80 20.2%
50-80% HAMFI 19 14 33 8.3%
80-100% HAMFI 10 0 10 2.5%
> 100% HAMFI 4 24 28 7.1%
TOT
AL
148 248 396
HUD CHAS, 2012-2016. HAMFI refers to Housing Urban Development Area Median Family Income.

Statute requires analysis of specialized housing needs, including housing needs for seniors. Federal housing data define a household type as 'elderly family' if it consists of two persons with either or both age 62 or over. Of Cudahy's 396 such households, 61.9% earn less than 30% of the surrounding area income, (compared to 24.2% in the SCAG region), 82.1% earn less than 50% of the surrounding area income (compared to 30.9% in the SCAG region).

Chart 2.6 - People Experiencing Homelessness
82 82
0 Sheltered Unsheltered Total
Cudahy

2019 city and county homelessness point-in-time counts processed by SCAG. Jurisdiction-level counts were not available in Imperial County and sheltered population (and thus total) counts were not available in Riverside County. As a result, SCAG region totals from this compilation of data sources likely undercount true totals.

RACE AND ETHNICITY CHARACTERISTICS
The United States 2020 Census summarizes the race and ethnicity for the city's population. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin make up 95.2% of the community, with 3.1% White (non-Hispanic), 0.7% Black, and less than 1% Asian or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. Of 22,811 residents, 42.9% are foreign born, and 91.7% speak a language other than English at home.

AGE CHARACTERISTICS
According to the 2020 Census, the median age of City residents was 23.8 years of age compared to 33.7 years of age for the County. Currently the median age is 27, showing a shifting trend from a predominantly younger age group of 23.8 in 2000 to the current 2020 age group of 27.

The elderly population (persons 65 years of age or older) consisted of 7.6% of the total population in 1970.

In 1980, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over declined to 4.8% of the total population. In 1990, the proportion of the same elderly group declined even further to 4.0% of the total population. The 2000 Census indicated that elderly residents accounted for 3.7% of the City's total population, and more recently at 5.1% in the 2010 Census. After many declining years, the population of those over 65 years old has begun to rise, likely due to longer expected life spans, improved health care and services, and current residents staying in the community. In 2020, persons 65 years or older make up 6.9% of the population.

According to the 2020 Census, 7.9% of the City’s population were under 5 years of age. A total of 30.7% were between 5 years and 19 years of age. Working aged adults between the ages of 20 and 64 totaled 12,779 persons which represented 52.8%. Households with children, especially those with working parents or single heads of households, create a need for quality, affordable early care, and education services. The age grouping of the city’s population according to the 2020 Census are indicated below in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3
Age Characteristics of the Population
Age Group Number of People Percentage of Population
Under 5 years 2,182 9.2%
5 to 9 years 2,241 9.4%
10 to 14 years 2,408 10.1%
15 to 19 years 2,399 10.1%
20 to 24 years 1,953 8.2%
25 to 29 years 1,886 7.9%
30 to 34 years 1,832 7.7%
35 to 39 years 1,791 7.5%
40 to 44 years 1,770 7.4%
45 to 49 years 1,414 5.9%
50 to 54 years 1,178 4.9%
55 to 59 years 841 3.5%
60 to 64 years 688 2.9%
65 to 69 years 465 2.0%
70 to 74 years 296 1.2%
75 to 79 years 206 0.9%
80 to 84 years 155 0.7%
85 years and over 100 0.4%
Total Population 23,805 100.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2020

The median age for the City of Cudahy is 27 years of age which is significantly less than the national average of 37.2 years of age. Table 2-4compared major age groupings tabulated from the 1980, 1990, 2000, and the 2010 census. As indicated in the table, the overall age distribution of the City’s population illustrated a decrease in the younger population and a slight increase of people 45 years old and higher. The trends in the City’s age characteristics are summarized in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4
Age Group Change 1980 - 2020
Age Group 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
<20 years 8,344 (46%) 9,626 (42%) 10,545 (44%) 9,230 (39%) 7,236 (30.7%) 20-44 years 6,830 (38%) 9,955 (44%) 9,947 (41%) 9,232 (39%) 9,563 (40.6%)%_) 45-64 Years 1,952 (11%) 2,319 (10%) 2,832 (12%) 4,121 (17%) 5,121 (21.8%) >65 years 868 (5%) 917 (4%) 884 (4%) 1,222 (5%) 1,649 (6.9%) Total 17,984 (100%) 22,817 (100%) 24,208 (100%) 23,805 (100%) 23,569 (100%) Chart 2.7 – Age Groups
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Age Groups

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Chart 2.8- Educational Attainment
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007-2021 American Community Survey To help increase the levels of educational attainment the City is looking to increase its support in policies that favor education; especially starting with education at early stages in life for those individuals in ages 0-

5. Quality early care and education provides a foundation for success in grades K-12 for Cudahy’s youngest residents. Early care and education translate to success in life because children who attend these programs are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college.

2.2 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Employment types, income levels, and other factors determine the type of housing residents of the city can afford, while the unemployment rate is an indicator of the level of housing assistance needed. Employment and income levels are generally the function of regional growth or decline, which depends on factors beyond the city’s control. Employment characteristics describe those economic and market factors relevant to the maintenance of existing housing and the need to produce new housing in the city.

EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Cudahy has 10,146 workers living within its borders who work across 13 major industrial sectors. The chart below provides detailed employment information. The most prevalent industry is manufacturing with 1,773 employees (17.5% of total) and the second most prevalent industry is Education & Social Services with 1,613 employees (15.9% of total).

39.8%
24%

3.2%

2.4%

1.2%
Less than 9th Grade
High School Graduate
Associate's Degree
Bachelor's Degree
Graduate or Professional Degree

Chart 2.9 - Employment by Industry
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates using groupings of 2-digit NAICS codes Chart 2.10 - Employment by Occupation
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates using groupings of SOC codes In addition to understanding the industries in which the residents of Cudahy work, it is also possible to analyze the types of jobs they hold. The most prevalent occupational category is Production, in which 3,251 (32% of total employees) work. The second most prevalent category is sales (21.4% of the total employees), followed by Services (20.2%). Cudahy’s numbers for production workers doubles the SCAG region number (14.6%), while SCAG’s Management employment category (34.2%) almost triples Cudahy’s (12.3%). This trend is indicative and a symptom of the educational levels of Cudahy’s residents.

Farmworkers
Statewide, farmworker housing is of unique concern and of unique importance. While only a small share of SCAG region jurisdictions has farmworkers living in them, they are essential to the region’s economy and food supply.
10 1,044
1,773
681
1,246
988
203
345
672
1,613
922
494
155
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Rrade
Retail Trade
Transportation
Information
Finance
Professional Services
Education & Social Services
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation
Other
Public Admininstration
1,250
2,047 2,172
1,426
3,251
2,616,827
1,500,551
1,743,617
675,894
1,118,977

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%
Management Services Sales Natural Resources Production
Cudahy 12.3% 20.2% 21.4% 14.1% 32.0%
SCAG 34.2% 19.6% 22.8% 8.8% 14.6%
Cudahy SCAG

Table 2.5 - Farmworkers by Occupation

2.3 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERITICS
Household type and size, income levels, and other household characteristics determine the type of housing needed by residents. This section details the various household characteristics affecting housing needs.

Household characteristics provide an overview of the key socioeconomic characteristics that affect housing needs.

Household Sizes
The U.S. Census defines a household as any group of people who occupy a housing unit, including families*, single people, or unrelated persons sharing living quarters. Persons living in licensed facilities, retirement homes, or dormitories are not considered households. Household characteristics are important indicators of the type of size of housing needed in a community.
*According to the most current U.S. Census definition, family is defined as “A group of two or more people who reside together and who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.”

2.4 HOUSING STOCK
Housing types, age, vacancy rates, conditions and other factors affecting housing stock determine if the current supply of housing is in good conditions or in adequate supply for residents. This section examines various stock characteristics that affect the living environment of Cudahy residents. Housing characteristics focuses on trends related to residential development, housing type, and housing tenure.

Chart 2.11 - Housing Types
CA DOF E-5 Population and Housing Unit Estimates
According to the 2020 California Department of Finance data, there were 5,780 housing units in Cudahy.

This number is an increase of 10 units (5770) over the 2010 number. Of this total, 2,127 units (36.8%) were single detached units, 1,313 units (23.1%) were single attached units, 326 units (5.6%) were 2-4 units, and 1,574 units (27.3%) were 5 or more units. In addition, a significant number of households live in mobile home parks. A total of 420 units (7.3%) are mobile home units. The breakdown of housing unit types is illustrated in Table 2.

Chart 2.12 - Housing Trend
,.

Over the last two decades, (2000 to 2020), there has been more construction of single-family residential units than multi-family residential units in Cudahy. When comparing 2000 to 2020, Single-Family Residential (SFR) units increased by 529, Multi-Family Residential (MFR) units increased by 298, and mobile units increased by 7.
2,127
1,333
326
1,574
420
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Single-Family
Detached
Single-Family
Attached
Multifamily, 2-4
Units
Multifamily, 5+
Units Mobile Homes
Cudahy (%) 36.8% 23.1% 5.6% 27.2% 7.3%
SCAG (%) 54.4% 7.2% 7.5% 27.3% 3.5%
Percent of Total Units
2,931
2,198
413
3,183
2,064
417
3,450
1,900
420
3,454
1,900
420
3,460
1,900
420
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Single-Family Residential (SFR) Multifamily Residential (MFR) Mobile Homes Housing Units
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Chart 2.13 - Vacant Units by Type
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Chart 2.14 - Housing Units by Year Structure Built
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Examining the age of the current housing stock is one way to determine how historical developments patterns have contributed to a city’s form. The time period where the highest share of the City of Cudahy’s housing units was built is 1950-1959, while in the SCAG region more were built during 1970-1979 than any other period.

HOUSING AGE, CONDITION & OVERCROWDING
Housing age is an important indicator of the conditions of Cudahy’s housing stock. Homes and structures weather with use and deteriorate with time. If they are not properly maintained, housing can deteriorate quickly and become eyesores or potential sources of danger. This directly affects property prices and the quality of life of city residents. A city with an older housing stock will have to budget more for preservation assistance, home repair costs, and energy requirements.

32.8%

0.0%

16.1%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

51.1%

20.7%

5.4% 7.9%

4.5%

33.5%

0.3%

27.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
For Rent Rented For Sale Sold Seasonal Migrant Other
Percent of Total Vacant Units
Cudahy SCAG
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2014 &
Later
2010-
2013
2000-
2009
1990-
1999
1980-
1989
1970-
1979
1960-
1969
1950-
1959
1940-
1949
1939 &
Earlier
Cudahy (%) 0.0% 0.3% 5.2% 5.1% 8.7% 10.8% 15.5% 27.1% 18.1% 9.3% SCAG (%) 1.0% 1.5% 10.1% 9.5% 15.0% 16.3% 14.5% 15.9% 6.9% 9.3% Percent of Total Units Cudahy (%) SCAG (%)

A parcel specific housing condition survey was undertaken in February 2013. During the survey, housing condition was evaluated according to the following criteria:

Category I: Good Condition. Housing units included in this category were considered to be in a good state of repair and no repairs were warranted.

Category II: Minor Fix-Up; Paint-Up. General housing improvement needed including paint and minor repairs. Typically, improvements can be and are usually made by the property owner.

Category II: Major Repairs. This category includes major repairs such as replacement of the roof.

Typically, such repairs would be performed by a contractor.

Category IV: Beyond Repair. This housing condition category applies to those structures where the cost of repair is estimated to exceed the value of the structure.

Although the City has not conducted a more recent housing conditions survey, it is safe to conclude that current conditions may not differ significantly from the results in 2013. The table identifying substandard housing identify few units lacking telephone, plumbing or kitchen facilities.

Chart 2.15 - Substandard Housing
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

The American Community Survey (ACS) includes surveys about three factors of what may be considered substandard housing. In Cudahy, 60 units lack telephone service, 0 units lack plumbing, and 34 units lack complete kitchen facilities.

1.07%

0.00%

0.61%

1.95%

0.39%

1.29%
0%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
No Telephone Service Available Lacking Plumbing Facilities Lacking Complete Kitchen Facilities Percent of Total Units
Cudahy SCAG

Chart 2.16 - Overcrowding by Extent and Tenure

HOUSING TENURE, OCCUPANCY AND VACANCY
According to the most recent DOF estimates, a total of 5,607 units were occupied while the remaining 163 units were vacant. This translated into a vacancy rate of 2.82% compared to a vacancy rate of 5.9% for Los Angeles County. In 2020 the vacancy rate for owner-occupied units was 2.9% and the vacancy rate for rental units was 1.5%. Compared to other cities in the county, Cudahy’s housing vacancy rate is among the lowest.

This results in an increased demand for a limited supply of housing units, which in turn, could affect the cost of both rental and owner-occupied units.

2.5 HOUSING COSTS AND AFFORDABILITY
The department of Housing and Urban Development defines affordable housing as housing for which the owner or tenants pays less than 30 percent of the household income. The cost of housing vis-à-vis income directly impacts the degree of affordability. If housing costs are high relative to income, there will be a correspondingly higher prevalence of borrowing in the case of homeowners, and overpayment in the case of renters. Overcrowding also increases as people turn to sharing homes and apartments to reduce housing costs. This section summarizes the cost and affordability of Cudahy’s housing stock.

Between 2000 and 2020 median home sales prices in Cudahy increased 179% while prices in the SCAG region increased 151%. 2018 median home sales prices in Cudahy were $430,000 and the highest experienced since 2000 was $493,500 in 2007. Prices in Cudahy have ranged from a low of 62.2% of the SCAG region median in 2002 and a high of 93.2% in 2008.

11.8%

0.9%

31.6%

7.2%

4.9%

1.3%

15.6%

6.4%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

1.0+/room 1.5+/room 1.0+/room 1.5+/room
Owner Owner Renter Renter
Percent of Total Households
Cudahy SCAG

Chart 2.17 - Median Sales Price of Existing Homes

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%
100.0%
$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
Cudahy SCAG Cudahy Percentage of SCAG Price
SCAG Local Profiles, Core Logic/Data Quick. SCAG median home sales price calculated as household-weighted average of county medians.

2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT

HOUSING COSTS AND AFFORDABILITY
Census data indicated that for owner-occupied housing units, most of the monthly mortgage payments in the city in 2010 was $2,000 or more with the median being $1,812 per month. In 2020, the median mortgage payment was $1,921.00. The 2020 median household income in Cudahy is $46,642.00. A household is overpaying for housing if more than 30% of their net “takehome” income is used for paying rent or mortgages.

According to census figures for the year 2020, 255 households (45.2% of the total owneroccupied units) living in owner-occupied units paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the mortgage. According to the same census figures, 2,624 renter households (56.3% of the total renter households) paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the rent. For renters, the median gross rent per month significantly increased from $1,103 in 2011 to $1,306.

On a percentage basis, this increase in cost represents an 18.4 percent increase. This dollar amount refers to the contract rent (i.e., monthly rent agreed to, or contracted for) plus the estimated average cost of utilities and fuels if paid for by the renter. This definition was used by the census to eliminate differentials due to varying practices in rent structuring.

The HUD-formulated Fair Market Rent (FMR)schedule is a guideline to maximum rents allowable for units receiving Section 8 assistance. HUD uses the Consumer Price Index and the census data to calculate the FMRs for each Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).

Because HUD includes different criteria in its definition of rent, census data and FMRs are not directly comparable. While some vacant property is available for new residential development, most of the new residential construction will occur on land that is presently occupied by existing development. The demolition, removal, and clean-up of these existing properties contribute to the higher cost of development. During the latter part of the 1990s, interest rates were generally low. In 2000, interest rates were raised by the Federal Reserve though they were once again lowered in the years following 2000 in response to fears of recession and have continually dropped in response to avoiding a further recession. With the currently low interest rates in 2020, the prices of residential and commercial properties have skyrocketed. In general, the cost (market-rate) for new land in the city ranges from $100/square foot up to $150/square foot. The actual construction cost for residential development ranges from $300/square foot up to $530/square foot. The current average rent in the city is $1,624.00, and the average cost of a single-family residential property is approximately $450.00 per square-foot. Homes are not as affordable in the city as they were 10 years ago, following a similar regional and state-wide trend.

2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT

2.6 RENT VS. OWN
RENTER
Chart 2.18 - Spending on Rent by Renter (ACS -2020)
Across Cudahy's 4,811 renter households, 2,854 (59.3%) spend thirty percent or more of gross income on housing cost, compared to 55.3% in the SCAG region. Additionally, 1,457 renter households in Cudahy (30.3%) spend fifty percent or more of gross income on housing cost, compared to 28.9% in the SCAG region.

While the previous table breaks down cost burden by area-relative income, the ACS also allows for the analysis of Cudahy's 4,733 renter households (for which income data are available) by spending on rent by income bracket (dollar amounts). As one might expect, the general trend is that low-income households spend a higher share of income on housing (e.g., over 50%) while high-income households are more likely to spend under 20% of income on housing. 71 275
385
601 547
431 381
585
1,457
78 0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
<10% 10-15% 15-20% 20-25% 25-30% 30-35% 35-40% 40-49% >50% Not Computed
Number of Households
Percent of Income Spent on Rent

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Chart 2.19 – Spending on rent By Income
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Chart 2.20 - Household Income by cash Rent
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Cudahy renter households' cash rent paid can be broken down by household incomes. As one might expect, the general trend is that lower-income households spend less on rent while higherincome households spend more on rent, though this may not be universally true. Rent categories range from <$500/month (3.6% of Cudahy renters) to >$2000/month (3% of Cudahy renters).

The most common rent category in Cudahy is $1000-1500/month with 57.6% of renters. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000 or
more
>50% 754 615 88 0 0 0
30-49% 86 419 660 232 0 0
20-29% 38 58 179 651 206 16
<20% 0 0 17 133 235 346
Number of Renter Households
Income Category
>50%
30-49%
20-29%
<20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Less
than
$20,000
$20,000
to
$34,999
$35,000
to
$49,999
$50,000
to
$74,999
$75,000
to
$99,999
$100,00
0 or
more
>$2000/mo. 0 19 36 39 0 47
$1500-2000/mo. 109 142 157 243 139 63
$1000-1500/mo. 443 637 557 589 265 252
$500-1000/mo. 225 269 177 145 37 0
<$500/mo. 129 25 17 0 0 0 Renter Households
Income
>$2000/mo.
$1500-2000/mo.
$1000-1500/mo.
$500-1000/mo.
<$500/mo.

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OWNER
Chart 2.21 - Monthly Owner Costs for Mortgage Holders
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates
While renter households receive much of the focus when it comes to housing cost analysis, owner households make up 14.1% of Cudahy and 52.5% of the SCAG region. The most commonly occurring mortgage payment in Cudahy is $1500-$2000/month and the most commonly occurring mortgage payment in the SCAG region is $2000-$3000/mo.

Mortgage-holding households in Cudahy can be broken down by income and the percentage of income spent on mortgage costs. As one might expect, the general trend is that lower-income households spend a higher share of income on housing costs, while high-income households may spend a lower share of income on housing. The income category most prevalent amongst Cudahy mortgage-holding households is $75,000 or more (305 households) and the most prevalent share of income spent on mortgage costs is over 30% (317 households).

0.0%

3.7%

20.8%

29.7% 29.2%

12.3%

4.3%

0.5%

5.1%

13.7%

19.6%

33.4%

15.4%

12.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
<$500 $500-$1000 $1000-$1500 $1500-$2000 $2000-$3000 $3000-$4000 >$4000 Pct. of mortgage-holders
Mortgage - Monthly Payment
Cudahy SCAG

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Chart 2.22 - Cost for Mortgage Holders by Income
Chart 2.21 - Household Income by Home value
Another approach to evaluating the relationship between housing and income is to compare incomes and home values in Cudahy. The most commonly occurring income category amongst owner households in Cudahy is $100,000 or more (302 households) and the most commonly occurring home value category is $200,000 to $500,000 (511 households). 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999 $75,000 or more
Over 30% 19 90 58 71 79
20-29% 0 0 2 17 117
Under 20% 0 0 0 0 109
Mortgage-holding households
Household Income; Percent of income spent on mortgage costs 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000
or more
Above $500,000 0 55 11 0 36 82
$200,000 to $500,000 18 44 72 112 45 220
$100,000 to $200,000 0 5 7 0 0 0
Below $100,000 70 8 27 3 0 0
Owner-occupied households
Household Income; Home Value

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2.7 HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Table 2.6 – Final 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has identified a total of 393 housing units for Cudahy’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment. The units are broken down as follows:
80 very low-income units, 36 low-income units, 53 moderate income units, and 224 above moderate-income units.

EXTREMELY LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
Extremely low-income is defined as households with income less than 30 percent of area median income. The area median household income in Cudahy is $46,642. For extremely low-income households, this results in an income of $13,992.6 or less. Households with extremely low incomes have a variety of housing situations and needs. For example, most families and individuals receiving public assistance, such as social security insurance (SSI) or disability insurance is considered extremely low-income households. At the same time, a minimum wage worker could be considered an extremely low-income household with an annual income of approximately $17,000 or less.

Housing the extremely low-income population (below 30% of area median income) can be especially challenging. The race/ethnicity with the highest share of extremely low-income households in Cudahy is Black, non-Hispanic (40% compared to 31% of total population). In the SCAG region, the highest share of extremely low-income households is Black, non-Hispanic (27.1% compared to 17.7% of total households).

EXISTING NEEDS
According to the 2020 Census data prepared by SCAG, of the City's 5,690 households in 2020, 2,879 households were considered low-income. Most extremely low-income households are renters and experience a high incidence of housing problems. For example, extremely lowincome households faced housing problems (defined as cost burden greater than 30% of income

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and/or overcrowding and/or without complete kitchen or plumbing facilities). Even further, extremely low-income households paid more than 50% of their income towards housing costs.

Table 2.7 Housing Needs for Extremely Low-Income Households Renters Owners Total
Total Number of ELI
Households
2,624 255 2,879
Percentage with Any
Housing Problems

12.6% 12.6% 25.3%
Percent with Cost Burden
(30% of income)

56.3% 45.2% 50.3%
Percent with Severe Cost
Burden (50% of income)

10.2% 71% 12%
Total Number of Households 4,702 1,011 5,713
Source: Census.gov; Southern California Association of Governments

PROJECTED NEEDS
To calculate the projected housing needs, the city assumed 50% of its very low-income regional housing needs are extremely low-income households. As a result, from the very low-income need of 116 units, the city has a projected need of 80 units for extremely low-income households.

Many extremely low-income households will be seeking rental housing and most likely facing an overpayment, overcrowding or substandard housing condition. Some extremely low-income households could be with mental or other disabilities and special needs. To address the range of needs, the city will employ a detailed housing strategy including promoting a variety of housing types, such as accessory dwelling units (ADU) and single-room occupancy (SRO) units without requiring a CUP.

With respect to single-room occupancy units, the city will seek to modify the zoning code to allow transitional housing in the future, as a permitted use to further accommodate these residents.

In addition, the city is currently working on an Inclusionary Housing Ordinance that would require construction of more affordable housing in the city.

To address the housing needs of extremely low-income households, the city will identify and meet with nonprofit builders who specialize in building housing for extremely low-income households and supportive housing. This effort is design to:
• Build a long-term partnership in development,
• Gain access to specialized funding sources, including applying for funding sources that support deeper targeting,
• Identify the range of local resources and assistance needed to facilitate the development of housing for extremely low-income households, and
• Promote a variety of housing types, including higher density, multifamily supportive, single room occupancy, and shared housing.

As part of this effort, the city will develop an action plan with its nonprofit partners to develop housing for extremely low-income households. Activities include assisting with site identification

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and acquisition, local financial resources, assisting and streamlining entitlements and providing concessions and incentives.

2.8 OVERCROWDING AND OVERPAYMENT
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Overcrowding
Overcrowding its typically defined as more than one person per room, based on the Census Bureau’s definition of “room,” which excludes bathrooms, porches, balconies, foyers, halls, or half-rooms. Severe overcrowding occurs when there are more than 1.5 persons per room.

Overcrowding can result when there are not enough adequately sized units within a community, or when high housing cost relative to income forces too many individuals or families to share housing. Overcrowding can also accelerate deterioration of the housing stock.

In Cudahy, 93 owner-occupied and 1,518 renter-occupied households had more than 1.0 occupants per room, which meets the ACS definition for overcrowding. 7 owner-occupied households and 346 renter-occupied households had more than 1.5 occupants per room, which meets the ACS definition for severe overcrowding.

Chart 2.22 - Crowding by Extent and Tenure
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

To address overcrowding, this Housing Element will not include programs to increase density to increase the supply of residential units in Cudahy, because the city increased densities in 2018 as part of the comprehensive General Plan and Zoning Code update.

Table 2.8 Household Overcrowding
Owner Renter Total
Occupied Units 916 4733 5649
Overcrowded Units 180 1248 1428
Severely Overcrowded 83 451 534
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder

11.8%

0.9%

31.6%

7.2%

4.9%

1.3%

15.6%

6.4%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

1.0+/room 1.5+/room 1.0+/room 1.5+/room
Owner Owner Renter Renter
Percent of Total Households
Cudahy SCAG

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Overpayment
A household is overpaying for housing (or cost burdened) if it spends more than 30% of its gross income on housing. Severe housing cost burden occurs when a household pays more than 50% of its income on housing. The prevalence of overpayment varies significantly by income, tenure, household type, and household size.

Table 2.9 Total Households Overpaying
Households Renter Owners TOTAL
All Households 4733 916 5649
Number of Households
Overpaying
2,624 255 2,879
Percent of All Households
Overpaying

56.3% 45.2% 50.9%
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
Of the 2,879 households overpaying in Cudahy, 448 household were severely overpaying.

Table 2.10 Total Households Severely Overpaying
Households Renter Owners TOTAL
Number of Households
Overpaying
2,624 255 2,879
Number of Households Severely
Overpaying
267 181 448
Percent of Households
Overpaying

10.2% 71% 15.5%
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
In general, overpayment disproportionately affects lower income households; further, emphasizing the affordability gap between market rents and affordable housing costs for lower income households.

Table 2.11 Lower Income Households Overpaying
Households Renters Owners TOTAL
Total Households Overpaying 2,624 255 2,879

LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
Lower Income Households
Overpaying (30% of Income)
1,477 115 1,592
Lower Income Households
Overpaying (50% of Income)
267 181 448
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
To address overpayment, Cudahy will pursue a variety of programs to expand affordability. With a strong prevalence of overpayment/overcrowding with large family renter households, the city will focus its new construction on multi-family units.

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2.9 “AT-RISK” HOUSING
“Assisted housing units” are defined as units with rents subsidized by federal, State, or local governmental programs. California Government Code Section 65583 requires that housing elements include an inventory of all assisted rental housing units within the local jurisdiction that are at-risk of losing subsidies, mortgage prepayment, or being converted to other uses if the expiration date of their financing program is between 2021 and 2031 (i.e., 10 years from the beginning of the housing element planning period—2021). In all, there are a total of 142 units atrisk of conversion in Cudahy.

CONVERSION RISK
State law requires Housing Elements provide an inventory of all assisted housing units if the expiration date of their financing program is within the next ten years of the housing element planning period. These housing units are deemed to be “at-risk” of being converted to market rate units. Additionally, HCD recommends jurisdiction assess the overall potential conversion risk of all assisted housing units. However, there is no “official” or prescribed methodology to conduct the analysis. Jurisdictions, therefore, are free to decide how to conduct the analysis by choosing a method most appropriate to their jurisdiction.

There are three general cases that can result in the conversion of public assisted units:

1. Prepayment of HUD Mortgages: Section 221(d’ (3), Section 202 and Section 236 — Section 221 (d)(3) is a privately-owned project where the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides either below market interest rate loans or marketrate loans with a subsidy to the tenants. With Section 236 assistance, HUD provides financing to the owner to reduce the costs for tenants by paying most of the interest on a market rate mortgage. Additional rental subsidy may be provided to the tenant. Section 202 assistance provides a direct loan to non-profit organizations for project development and rent subsidy for low-income elderly tenants. Section 202 provides assistance for the development of units for physically handicapped, developmentally disabled, and chronically mentally ill residents.

2. Opt-outs and Expirations of Project-Based Section 8 Contracts — Section 8 is a federally funded program that provides for subsidies to the owner of a pre-qualified project for the difference between the tenant’s ability to pay and the contract rent. Opt-outs occur when the owner of the project decides to opt-out of the contract with HUD by pre-paying the remainder of the mortgage. Usually, the likelihood of opt-outs increases as the market rents exceed the contract rents.
• Clara Park Commons Senior

3. Other — Expiration of the low-income use period of various financing sources, such as Low-income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), bond financing, density bonuses, California

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Housing Finance Agency (CALHFA), Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) HOME and redevelopment funds. Generally, bond-financing properties expire according to a qualified project period or when the bonds mature.
• Clara Park Village
• Elizabeth Court
• Clara Court
• Live Oaks Garden
FEDERALLY ASSISTED “AT RISK” UNITS
At-Risk Units includes a study of all low-income housing units, which may at some future time be lost to affordable inventory by the expiration of some type of affordability restrictions. The law requires that the analysis and study cover a ten-year period, and be divided into two periods, coinciding with updates of the housing elements.

Based on our inventory of all assisted housing units within the city, three projects were identified with having a “Higher Risk” of being converted to market rate units. The projects identified as “higher risk” are Elizabeth Court, Clara Court, and Live Oaks Gardens; all owned by Corp for Better Housing. After identification of the at-risk units the city contacted the owner of the projects to inquire about the potential risk of losing these units to market rate units. The owner then indicated that they had no desire to sell their units and will be renewing their contracts to continue to provide them as affordable housing units; the City will contact the owner of the project to confirm their desire not to sell their units. Furthermore, the City will maintain contact with owners/management of at-risk projects and on an annual basis, confirm the status of contract renewals. As well as maintain and annually update a list of all assisted housing developments. The City will notify tenants of any possible modification to contract renewals affecting the status of their affordable housing units.

Table 2.12 Summary of At-Risk Units
Project Name Address Target
Group
Number
of Units
Type of
Assistance
Expiration
Date
Current Owner At-Risk
Clara Park Village 4805 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Elderly 49 Section 8 2037 National Church
Residents
Lower
Risk
Elizabeth Court 5225 Elizabeth St
Cudahy CA 90201
Low Income 25 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2013 Corp for Better
Housing
Higher
Risk
Clara Court 5159 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Low-Income 36 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2013 Corp for Better
Housing
Higher
Risk
Live Oaks Garden 5203 Live Oak St
Cudahy, CA 90201
Low-Income 32 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2015 Corp for Better
Housing
Higher
Risk
Clara Park
Commons
4805 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Low-Income 49 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2020 National Church
Residents of
Clara Commons
High Risk
Cudahy Gardens 4343 Elizabeth St
Cudahy, CA 90201
Low-Income 99 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2029 Housing Corp of
America
Lower
Risk
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department

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COST OF REPLACEMENT VS PRESERVATION
The best ways to ensure that no assisted units convert to market rate within the planning period are either to acquire and preserve all at-risk units or to construct new housing to replace those units. Either of these methods will ensure affordable controls and price restriction are extended to at-risk households under current federal, State, and local programs. In Cudahy, the cost of preserving assisted units is estimated to be less than that required to replace the units through new construction. Land prices, land availability and construction costs are generally the limiting factors to development of new affordable housing.

To provide a cost analysis of preserving at-risk units, costs must be determined for rehabilitation, new construction, or tenant-based rental assistance.

1. Rehabilitation– The primary factors used to analyze the cost of preserving low- income housing include: acquisition, rehabilitation, and financing. Actual acquisition costs depend on several variables such as condition, size, location, existing financing, and availability of financing (governmental and market). The following are estimated per unit preservation costs for the city
Table 2.13 Rehabilitation Costs
Fee/Cost Type Cost Per Unit
Acquisition $266,359
Total Estimated Cost Per Unit $266,359
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department

2. New Construction/Replacement – New construction implies construction of a new property with the same number of units and similar amenities as the one removed from the affordable housing stock. Cost estimates were prepared by using local information and data. The construction of new housing can vary greatly depend on factors such as location, density, unit sizes, construction materials and on-site and off-site improvements. The following table describes new construction costs in Cudahy.

Table 2.14 New Construction /Replacement Costs
Fee/Cost Type Cost Per Unit
Acquisition $266,359
Construction $155,058.75
Financing/Other $55,000
Total Estimated Cost Per Unit $476,417.75
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department *Construction cost =$150/SF * 41,349SF (SF that can potentially be lost) = $6,202,350/40 units =$155,058.75 construction cost per unit.

The rehabilitation of existing units instead of new construction is the most cost-effective approach towards the preservation of at-risk units.

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QUALIFIED ENTITIES
The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) keeps a current list of all the qualified entities across the State. A “qualified entity” is a nonprofit or for-profit organization or individual that agrees to maintain the long-term affordability of housing projects.

Efforts by the City to retain low-income housing must be able to draw upon two basic types of preservation resources: organizational and financial. Qualified, non-profit entities need to be made aware of the future possibilities of units becoming at risk. Groups with whom the City has an ongoing association are the logical entities for future participation. The qualified entities that HCD list for (Los Angeles County) are listed below:

Table 2.15 Organizations

1. A Community of Friends 28. Jamboree Housing Corporation

2. Abbey Road Inc. 29. Keller & Company

3. Access Community Housing, Inc. 30. Korean Youth & Community Center, Inc. (KYCC)

4. Affordable Homes 31. Latin American Civic Assoc.

5. Affordable Housing People 32. Long Beach Affordable Housing Coalition, Inc

6. Century Housing Corporation 33. Los Angeles Center for Affordable Tenant Housing

7. Century Pacific Equity Corporation 34. Los Angeles Community Design Center

8. City Housing Real Estate Services 35. Los Angeles Housing Department/ Policy Planning Unit

9. City of Pomona Housing Authority 36. Los Angeles Housing Partnership, Inc.

10. Coalition for Economic Survival 37. Los Angeles Low Income Housing Corp. (LALIH)

11. Community Partnership Dev. Corp 38. LTSC Community Development Corporation

12. Community Rehabilitation Services, Inc 39. Many Mansions, Inc.

13. CSI Support & Development Services 40. Menorah Housing Foundation

14. DML & Associates Foundation 41. Nehemiah Progressive Housing Dev. Corp.

15. Doty-Burton Associates 42. Nexus for Affordable Housing

16. Eden Housing, Inc. 43. Orange Housing Development Corporation

17. FAME Housing Corporation 44. PICO UNION HOUSING CORPORATION

18. Foundation for Quality Housing 45. Poker Flats LLC

19. Opportunities, Inc. 46. ROEM Development Corporation

20. Francis R. Hardy, Jr. 47. Shelter For The Homeless

21. Hart Community Homes 48. Skid Row Housing Trust

22. Hollywood Community Housing Corp. 49. Southern California Housing Development Corp

23. Home and Community 50. Southern California Presbyterian Homes

24. Hope - Net 51. The East Los Angeles Community Union (TELACU)

25. Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles 52. The Long Beach Housing Development Co.

26. Housing Corporation of America 53. West Hollywood Community Housing Corp.

27. Irvine Housing Opportunities 54. Winnetka King, LLC Source: http://hcd.ca.gov/hpd/hrc/tech/presrv/

2.10 OPPORTUNITY FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
Under State law, the Housing Element must include an analysis of the opportunities for energy conservation in residential development (Government Code Section 65583 (a)(7)). Planning for energy conservation is important for several reasons, but mainly because of the environmental costs and financial costs involved in energy use. This section of the report will discuss both factors briefly before moving on to discuss City programs and strategies to reduce energy use.

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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are known as Greenhouse Gases (GHG). GHG are emitted by both natural processes and human activities. GHG emissions that are produced both by natural and industrial processes include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20).

The accumulation of GHG in the atmosphere regulates the earth's temperature. Without these natural GHG, the Earth's surface would be about 61°F cooler. However, emissions from fossil fuel combustion by humans have elevated the concentration of GHG in the atmosphere to above natural levels. Scientific evidence indicates a correlation between increasing global temperatures/climate change over the past century and human induced levels of GHG. These and other environmental changes have potentially negative environmental, economic, and social consequences around the globe.

The California Natural Resources Agency is presently developing the State's Climate Adaptation Strategy. Currently, there are no federal standards for GHG emissions and federal regulations have not been promulgated. Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the harm associated with climate change are serious and well recognized, that the EPA must regulate GHG as pollutants, and unless the agency determines that GHG do not contribute to climate change, it must promulgate regulations for GHG emissions from new motor vehicles. To date, 12 states, including California, have set State GHG emission targets. The passage of Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, promulgated the California target to achieve reductions in GHG to 1990 GHG emission levels by the year 2020. The environmental impact report (EIR) includes an evaluation of the existing greenhouse gas emissions within the planning area, those anticipated local greenhouse gas emissions anticipated at build-out under the implementation of the General Plan’s land use policy, and those estimated greenhouse gas emissions for 1990.

UTILITY COSTS
In addition to reducing GHG emissions, planning for energy conservation can reduce utility and maintenance costs, which in turn, leads to housing affordability. This is particularly important to lower income households with less disposable income to pay for utilities. Depending on the age and condition of the home and the number and type of appliances, energy costs can represent more than 25 percent of overall monthly housing costs. As such, the incorporation of energy saving features, energy saving materials and efficient systems in new as well as remodeled homes is an important consideration.

In the past 20 years, rapidly increasing energy costs have contributed to the deterioration of housing affordability. Since 1970, energy costs to consumers have increased over 100 percent above the price of inflation. More recently, crude oil prices have increased to over 40 dollars a barrel. It is therefore prudent for city government like Cudahy to find ways and means to reduce energy consumption to reduce energy costs.

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ENERGY CONSERVATION
The City shall consider the energy efficiency of new equipment when it purchases replacement equipment and shall purchase low energy replacements whenever feasible. Through the City's development review process, new construction shall be required to demonstrate that energy conservation measures beyond those required by Title 24 have been incorporated whenever feasible. To assist developers in knowing what options and special grants are available, the City shall work with the Southern California Edison Company and the Southern California Gas Company to identify new low-cost construction, heating and appliance techniques and equipment that can result in substantial energy and cost savings for future tenants and owners.

The City shall make information and utility company contacts available to all applicants for building permits. The city will utilize its Development Review Process to encourage the use of low-polluting building materials in new construction. It will also utilize the Development Review Process to assure that the exposure of sensitive receptors to toxic and hazardous pollutants, as well as dust and odors is minimized or, where feasible, eliminated. The city will revise its California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines to ensure uniform assessment of air quality impacts of projects and will incorporate the SCAQMD significance thresholds in these Guidelines or into EIR's and negative declarations prepared pursuant to these Guidelines.

CITYWIDE STRATEGIES
The city works to promote energy conservation in a number of ways. The Cudahy General Plan provides policy direction under which city regulations, programs, and projects work in unison to ensure land use, transportation, and other aspects of City operations conform to energy conservation goals. Especially for housing development, the issue of energy conservation is addressed at two levels: for new construction and rehabilitation of existing structures.

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3 Regional Housing Needs Assessment and Special Needs

3.1 REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ALLOCATION, 2014-2021
Every city and county in the State of California has a legal obligation to respond to its ‘fair share’ of the projected future housing need in the region in which it is located. For Cudahy and other Southern California jurisdictions, the regional housing need is determined by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), based upon an overall regional housing need number established by the State. In accordance with State law, SCAG has determined the fair share of the regional housing need that must be planned for by each jurisdiction during the 2013 to 2021 planning period. That need is divided into four income categories of housing affordability (in accordance with State law).

METHODOLOGY
The RHNA methodology assigns each jurisdiction a share of the region’s total housing need. The methodology includes an allocation tool that is a mathematical equation that consists of weighted factors. For example, if one of the factors, e.g., household growth, is determined to be more important that another factor, e.g., transit. The methodology can give household growth a higher weight than transit in the formula. The methodology may also equally weight the factors, therefore ensuring that all the factors are of equal priority. • The factors and weights (expressed in parenthesis) are:
• Household growth (45%)
• Existing employment (22.5%)
• Employment growth (22.5%)
• Household growth near existing transit (5%)
Employment growth near existing transit, Household growth, existing employment, and employment growth are estimated in SCAG’s regional household and employment forecasts. A jurisdiction’s share of the Regional Housing need is assigned accordingly to its percentage share of regional household growth, employment growth, existing employment, and household and employment growth near transit:
(Household Growth x 0.45) + (Employment Growth x 0.225) + (Existing Employment x 0.225) + (Household Growth near Transit x

0.05) + (Employment Growth near Transit x 0.05)
After determining the housing need, a number of “rules” are established by SCAG to determine the allocation of units by income. The broad concept is that local jurisdictions must plan for

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income-based housing relative to the regional average. The income allocations scenarios give each jurisdiction 175 percent of the difference between their 2020household income distribution and the 2020 regional household income distribution. An “adjustment factor” is then applied to determine housing unit allocation in each income category.

For a complete discussion of the methodology, see SCAGS website at: http://www.scag.ca.gov/ CUDAHY’S ‘FAIR SHARE’ OF THE REGIONAL HOUSING NEED
Regional Housing Needs Assessment provides a discussion of the Regional Housing Needs Assessment and how the city intends to accommodate its identified housing need.

The authority to determine housing needs for the various income groups for cities within the Southern California region has been delegated to the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), pursuant to Section 65584 of the Government Code. The housing needs are categorized according to the following income groups:

The Extremely Low-Income households are those whose income is 30% or less than that of the median household income for the greater Los Angeles area; The Very Low-Income households are those whose income does not exceed 50% of the median household income for the greater Los Angeles area; The Low-Income households earn from 51% to 80% of the median; The Moderate-Income groups earn from 81% to 120% of the median; and, The Above Moderate households earn over 120% of the median income.

The various housing categories and the income thresholds for each are discussed above. SCAG’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) estimated the eight-year future housing construction need for Cudahy at 393units.

Table 3.1RHNA 4th Cycle
January 2006 – June 2014
Table 3.2
RHNA 5th Cycle
January 2014 – October 2021
Number of Units Number Percentages Number of Units Number Percentages Very Low-Income Households 94 23% Very Low-Income Households 80 25% Low-Income Households 60 15% Low-Income Households 46 15% Moderate Income Households 67 17% Moderate Income Households 51 16% Above Moderate-Income
Households
180 45% Above Moderate-Income
Households
141 44%
Total Needed-Future Housing 401 100% Total Needed-Future Housing 318 100% Source: Southern California Association of Governments

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Table 3.3
RHNA 6th Cycle
October 2021 – October 2029
Number of Units Number Percentages
Very Low-Income Households 80 20.35%
Low-Income Households 36 9.16%
Moderate Income Households 53 13.48%
Above Moderate-Income Households 224 56.9%
Total Needed-Future Housing 393 100%
Southern California Association of Governments
As indicated previously, those households that have incomes of 30% of the County median would fall into the extremely low-income category. Based on the 2020 income limits, an extremely lowincome household would have the following household incomes: a one-person household with an annual income of $17,400 or less; a two-person household with an annual income of $19,900 or less; a three-person household with an annual income of $22,400 or less; and a four-person household with an annual income of $24,850 or less.

The planning period governed by the RHNA extends from 2021 to 2029. As a result, the city will only receive credit towards the RHNA for the new housing that is entitled, under construction, or built beginning in 2021.

As indicated in Table 3.2 the City's remaining unmet need for the planning period is 393 units.

There is a remaining unmet need for above moderate-income units (141 units are still needed), moderate-income units (51 units are still needed), low-income units (46 units are still needed), and very low-income units (80 units are still needed).

WHAT THE NUMBERS MEAN
The primary goal of the RHNA numbers is to act as targets for jurisdictions to achieve during the planning period. Because local jurisdictions are rarely if ever involved in the actual construction of housing units, sometimes it is not possible for these targets to be met. HCD does not penalize jurisdictions for not meeting RHNA targets, if they have allocated enough land for the construction of units and have made a good effort through the implementation of housing policies and programs to help meet the RHNA targets.

3.2 SPECIAL HOUSING NEEDS
In addition to the general housing needs of the population, cities and counties must plan for the special housing needs of certain groups. For the Housing Element, Government Code (65583(a)(6)) requires that several populations with special needs be addressed: people who are homeless; persons with disabilities; female-headed households; large households; seniors; overcrowded households; farmworker households. To meet the needs of these groups; Cudahy must be creative and look to new ways of increasing the supply, diversity, and affordability of this specialized housing stock.

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Chart 3.1 - Disability by Type
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Chart 3.2 - Disability by Type (Seniors 65 and Over)
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Understanding the employment status of people with disabilities may also be an important component in evaluating specialized housing needs. In Cudahy, 27.8% of the population with a disability is employed, compared to 69.8% of the non-disabled population.

EMERGENCY SHELTER & TRANSITIONAL HOUSING
The primary agency that deals with the issue of homelessness in the city is the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, which serves Cudahy. Very few homeless persons have been observed in the city. Homeless persons (single males and females) have been found in the Cudahy area along the banks of the Los Angeles River in the City of Bell Gardens and the trash bins at local supermarkets. Homeless persons are encouraged to seek assistance from the Department of Public Social Services on Atlantic Avenue and local community services (Chicana Service Action Center, Human Services Association) in neighboring cities. The Salvation Army operates a shelter 397
291
718
939
491
733
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Hearing
Vision
Cognitive
Ambulatory
Self-care
Independent Living

10.7%

3.9%

8.9%

20.8%

10.4%

19.8%

13.1%

6.6%

10.1%

22.9%

10.5%

17.5%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%
Hearing Vision Cognitive Ambulatory Self-care Independent Living
Percent of Senior Population
Cudahy Percent SCAG Region Percent

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located at 1370 Alamitos Avenue in the City of Long Beach. This Salvation Army shelter provides services to an average of 73 people per day. Of this number, approximately 10% are homeless.

The Bell Shelter, located in the City of Bell adjacent to Cudahy, provides transitional housing for women with dependent children. The focus of the shelter’s services is to provide women who are victims of domestic violence with housing while they are making a transition to independent living; the shelter has a 24-bed capacity. The Los Angeles Homeless Service Authority is also a good resource; their mission is “to support, create and sustain solutions to homelessness in Los Angeles County by providing leadership, advocacy, planning, and management of program funding” (http://www.lahsa.org).

Emergency Shelters
Emergency shelters are allowed without discretionary review in the Commercial Mixed Use (C/MU), Civic Mixed Use (Civic/MU), and Entertainment (E) zoning districts. Combined, these zone districts encompass 84.8 acres. The zoning districts identified are located along Atlantic Avenue, the City’s main north/south corridor. The central location of these districts puts potential shelters near the core services and transportation corridor within the city. Services in the immediate area include a large dialysis facility, Kaiser Permanente (non-emergency) medical treatment facility, six clinics or medical facilities, and the County of Los Angeles Department of Public Social Services. Additionally, within the immediate area are seven main Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus lines including routes 111, 260, 315, 361, 611, 612, and 711, as well as the Cudahy Area Rapid Transit (City fixed route). Among the 84.8 acres of land in the three zoning districts, 11.5 acres are vacant. There are 6 large vacant sites (made up of various vacant lots) that range from 5 acres to 0.6 acres. North of Santa Ana Street, the predominant use in these districts is commercial (mostly in the form of large to small shopping centers, individual commercial uses, and motels) and residential (multi-family). South of Santa Ana Street, most buildings in the districts identified are vacant or have older, light industrial uses. As the southern area has transitioned slightly away from its industrial roots, several industrial uses have been repurposed, for example, for a church. The Los Angeles Department of Public Social Services maintains a large office location in this area from which they administer various social service programs for the public.

In addition to the same land use regulations and development standards that apply to all development within the identified districts (e.g., lot size, setbacks, building height, etc.), an emergency shelter proposed in these districts must comply with the following operational use regulations/standards:
• Occupancy. A maximum of 15 beds or persons may be served nightly, with associated support service not open to the public. Any emergency shelter for homeless with greater than 15 beds shall be subject to approval of a conditional use permit consistent with Chapter 20.84 PART 5.
• Hours of Operation. Emergency shelters for homeless providing less than 15 beds are not required to be open 24 hours a day but may be open 24 hours. Clients for emergency

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shelters for homeless shall have a specified check out time as detailed in the management and operation plan but may remain on the premises to utilize on-site services offered. • Length of Stay. The length of stay of an individual client shall not exceed six months within a 12-month period; days of stay need not be consecutive. • Management and Operation Plan. The applicant or operator shall submit a management and operation plan for the emergency shelter for review during the over-the-counter approval process for review and feedback by the Community Development Director or designee in consultation with law enforcement at the time the project is proposed, prior to issuance of permits. If site plan review applies, then the management and operational plan should be submitted and reviewed concurrently with those applications. The plan shall remain active throughout the life of the facility, with any changes subject to review and approval by the Community Development Director or designee in consultation with the chief of police. The plan should be based on "best practices" and include, but not limited to, a security plan, procedures, lists of services, staff training, "good neighbor" communication plan, client transportation and active transportation plan, ratio of staff to clients, client eligibility and intake and check out process, detailed hours of operation, and an ongoing outreach plan to Cudahy homeless population. The city may inspect the facility at any time for compliance with the facility operational plan and other applicable laws and standards.
• Parking. One vehicle parking space shall be provided per five beds. A covered and secured area for bicycle parking shall be provided for use by staff and clients, commensurate with demonstrated need, but no less than a minimum of eight bike parking spaces. • Waiting and Intake Area. A client waiting and intake area shall be provided and contain a minimum of 10 square feet per bed provided at the facility. The client waiting and intake area shall be screened from the public right-of-way by a solid wall of at least six feet in height and shall be sufficient in size to accommodate all persons waiting to enter the facility.
• Support Services. Emergency shelters may also provide the following support services:
o Food preparation and dining areas;
o Laundry facilities;
o Restrooms and showers;
o Areas to secure and store client belongings;
o Indoor and/or outdoor recreational facilities and open space

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o A private area providing referral services to assist shelter clients in entering programs aimed at obtaining permanent shelter and income. Referral services refers to the initial assessment of a homeless client to identify the areas in which assistance is needed and connecting clients with appropriate off-site programs and services depending on their need.
• Restrooms. The number of toilets and showers shall comply with applicable building codes and plumbing codes.
• Trash Enclosure and Loading Zone. Each facility shall have a trash enclosure and loading zone as provided in Chapters 20.20 and 20.28.

Transitional and Supportive Housing
State law (AB 2634 and SB 2) requires local jurisdictions to address the provisions for transitional and supportive housing. Transitional and supportive housing facilities meeting the Government Code Section 65582 definition are considered a residential use and allowed by right in all zones that allow residential uses of the same type, consistent with State law. These facilities are subject to the same development standards and permit processing criteria required for similar uses in the same zones.

HOMELESSNESS
The results of the 2020 Greater Los Angeles homeless count showed 66,436 people in Los Angeles County experiencing homelessness. This represents a 12.7% rise from last year’s point-in-time count. Three years into the 10-year investment from Measure H, LA County’s homeless services system has doubled the number of annual housing placements. Improvements in coordination across agencies through the LAHSA based Housing Central Command have increased the speed of placements. And efforts to protect the most vulnerable people from COVID-19 led to the rapid sheltering of 6,010 people since the March Safer at Home order (4,056 through Project Roomkey, 1,708 in Rec and Parks shelters, and 246 in trailers)—and a goal to move 15,000 of the most vulnerable people experiencing homelessness into housing.

Most of the people experiencing homelessness that the homeless system helps house stay housed. Eighty-eight percent of the people placed in permanent housing through the system in 2018 have not returned to homelessness. In 2019, the rehousing system helped 22,769 people move into permanent housing. And many more people occupy interim housing this year: 18,395 people experiencing homelessness in L.A. County were sheltered, up from 14,722 the previous year, a 25% increase.

Meanwhile, county-wide, 732 new permanent supportive housing units opened in 2019, and thousands more are expected soon, including 2,360 scheduled to open in the next 12 months of a total construction pipeline of 10,638 homes.

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The LAHSA point-in-time homeless data count for the City of Cudahy, indicates that on January 23, 2019, 76 homeless persons were processed, representing only 1% of the total in the Service Planning Area (SPA). The City of Cudahy is located in SPA 7. On January 23, 2020, the number of homeless people processed in the city decreased to 23, which still represents 1% of the total in SPA 7.

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PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Disabled persons have special needs when it comes to housing and many of the households in the category are occupied by elderly persons. Door frames must be wider to accommodate wheelchairs, ramps instead of stairs are needed, handrails in bathrooms need to be installed, cabinet doors must be accessible, and light switches and other devices also need to be within easy reach. The cost for retrofitting an existing structure may be thousands of dollars and be beyond the reach of those households with lower incomes. The lack of such housing is even more pronounced when it comes to market-rate rental units.

Unless such provisions are made for disabled persons during original construction, such facilities will not likely be provided in a typical rental unit. Senior housing (both owner and rental) generally has many of the features outlined above. The real constraints are associated with the housing for families and working-aged adults. The results of this analysis are summarized below according to three general categories of potential constraints: 1. zoning and land use, 2. permits and processing procedures, and 3. building codes.

Zoning and Land Use: The zoning ordinance does not preclude or restrict the construction of exterior ramps or other improvements (exterior or interior) for disabled persons. The city treats residential care facilities with six or fewer persons as a single-family use. These facilities are allowed in any zone where single-family homes are permitted under state law. The zoning ordinance does identify these facilities as a permitted use. The city’s zoning ordinance also permits reduced off-street parking space requirements for seniors though no such allowance is specifically identified for persons with disabilities.

Permits and Processing Procedures: There are no permit requirements for residential care facilities serving six or fewer persons. Furthermore, there are no special designs or permitting standards that have been established for residential care facilities. The city has no occupancy standards that specifically apply to unrelated adults. Requests to retrofit homes for disabled accessibility or for reasonable accommodation are handled as any other building permit or variance application.

Building Code: Cudahy has adopted the most recent Los Angeles County Code which includes provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. One provision is that a number of the residential units in new multi-family construction of three or more apartments, or four or more condominiums, must be accessible or adaptable.

HOUSEHOLDS IN NEED OF REASONABLE ACCOMODATION
The most recent 2020Census identified those residents that have one or more disabilities as well as the type of disability. Table 3-4 indicates the number of disabilities by three major age groupings (under 17 years of age. 18 to 64 years of age, and 65 years of age or older). In addition, the table summarizes the types of disabilities for each major age grouping. A single individual within each age grouping may be counted numerous times depending on the types of disability.

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Table 3.5
Estimates Residents with Disabilities 2020
Category and Type of Disability Number of People Percentage of People Persons Under the Age of 17 535 7.9%
Hearing Difficulty 79 1.2%
Vision Difficulty 101 1.5%
Cognitive Difficulty 496 7.3%
Ambulatory Difficulty 311 4.6%
Self-Care Difficulty 333 4.9%
Persons Between Ages 18-64 1,064 7.8%
Hearing Difficulty 179 1.3%
Vision Difficulty 274 2.0%
Cognitive Difficulty 309 2.3%
Ambulatory Difficulty 562 4.1%
Self-Care Difficulty 337 2.5%
Independent Living Difficulty 382 2.8%
Persons 65 years and older 618 58.7%
Hearing Difficulty 198 18.8%
Vision Difficulty 181 17.2%
Cognitive Difficulty 236 22.4%
Ambulatory Difficulty 413 39.3%
Self-Care Difficulty 257 24.4%
Independent Living Difficulty 315 29.9%
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (2020)

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
Persons with disabilities in Cudahy face unique problems in obtaining affordable and adequate housing. This segment of the population, which includes individuals with mental, physical, and developmental disabilities need affordable, conveniently located housing which, where necessary, has been specially adapted for wheelchair accessibility, along with other physical needs. The living arrangements for persons with disabilities depend on the severity of the disability. Many persons live at home in an independent environment with the help of other family members. To maintain independent living, disabled persons may require assistance. This can include special housing design features for the physically disabled, income support for those who are unable to work, and in-home supportive services for persons with medical conditions.

Accessible housing can also be provided via senior housing developments. Most persons with disabilities live on an income that is significantly lower than the non-disabled population. Many disabled individuals live on a small, fixed income which severely limits their ability to pay for housing.

The Task Force on Family Diversity estimates that at least one-third of all persons with disabilities in the United States live in poverty. Persons with disabilities have the highest rate of unemployment relative to other groups. For most, their only source of income is a small, fixed pension afforded by Social Security Disability Insurance (SDI), Social Security Insurance (SSI), or Social Security Old Age and Survivor's Insurance (SSA), which will not adequately cover the cost of rent and living expenses even when shared with a roommate. In addition, persons with disabilities oftentimes experience discrimination in hiring and training. When they find work, it tends to be unstable and at low wages.

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The term developmental disability refers to a severe and chronic disability attributable to a mental or physical impairment, such as cerebral palsy (a disability resulting from damage to the brain before, during, or shortly after birth and outwardly manifested by muscular in- coordination and speech disturbances); epilepsy (any of various disorders marked by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions); or autism (a developmental disorder that appears by age three and that is variable in expression but is recognized and diagnosed by impairment of the ability to form normal social relationships, by impairment of the ability to communicate with others, and by stereotyped behavior patterns especially as exhibited by a preoccupation with repetitive activities of restricted focus rather than with flexible and imaginative ones that begins before individuals reach adulthood (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mplusdictionary.html) Table 3.6 Active Consumers by Age Group
Zip Code Age Group 00-17 yrs. Age Group 18-21 yrs. Age Group 22-64 yrs. Age Group 65+ Grand Total 90201 449 75 226 3 753
Job 9001 - Active Consumers In LA, Ventura, San Diego, Orange, Riverside & San Bernardino Counties by Age Group. (based upon CMF created 9/4/13) Mental Disabilities: Based on the most current Census information the city has a total of 964 residents with mental disabilities; 33% are male and 67% are females.

Table 3.7 Mental Disability by Gender
Gender Male Female TOTAL
317 647 964
Percentage 33% 67% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau; 2017 - 2021 American Community Survey Physical Disabilities: Based on the most current Census information the city has a total of 1,118 residents with physical disabilities; 43% are male and 57% are females.

Table 3.8 Physical Disability by Gender
Gender Male Female TOTAL
478 640 1,118
Percentage 43% 57% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau ;2017 - 2021 American Community Survey

STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMMATIC RESPONSES TO MEET NEED
Appropriate housing for persons with mental or physical disabilities include very low-cost units in large group home settings (near retail services and public transit), supervised apartment settings with on- or off-site support services, outpatient/day treatment programs, and inpatient/day treatment programs, crisis shelters and transitional housing.

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In 1984, Title 24 of the State Uniform Building Code mandated that all multiple-family residential construction projects containing more than five units under construction after September 15, 1985, would conform to specific disabled adaptability/accessibility regulations. In 1988, the Federal government enacted the U.S. Fair Housing Amendment Act; in part with the intent of increasing the number of rental units being built that would be accessible to handicapped individuals. In July 1993, the State of California issued “California Multifamily Access Requirements” based upon the Act. Unfortunately, the actual increase in the number of handicapped-accessible units available on the current rental market has been small.

The city does not require special building codes or onerous project review to construct, improve, or convert housing for persons with disabilities. Both the federal Fair Housing Act and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act impose an affirmative duty on local governments to make reasonable accommodations (i.e., modifications or exceptions) in their zoning and other land-use regulations when such accommodations may be necessary to afford disabled persons an equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling.

The City also makes rehabilitation funds available to income qualified households for accessibility improvementsthrough its CDBG Program; CDBG funds can be used for a variety of housing efforts including activities aimed at reducing costs, housing acquisition and rehabilitation through short and long-term loans, grants, or loan guarantees; direct payment of rent or mortgage and housing counseling services and fair housing activities.

The housing needs of several other categories of disabled persons, including developmentally disabled persons and the mentally ill are typically not addressed by Title 24 Regulations. The housing needs of persons with these types of disabilities, in addition to basic affordability, range from needing slight modifications of existing units to the need for a variety of supportive housing arrangements. Some of this population can only live successfully in housing which provides a semi-sheltered, semi-independent living state, such as clustered group housing or other groupliving quarters; others can live independently if affordable units are available.

Based on a review of the city's development procedures and policies, no specific constraints were identified other than consideration of reduce parking requirements for group care housing and streamlined review for applications that involve the retrofit of existing units to accommodate reasonable access. In summary, the city's zoning ordinance does not contain any provisions that would preclude the development of housing for handicapped persons. There are no zoning restrictions that would limit the use of ramps, wider doorways, or other features that would be desirable in such units. No additional review or development standards are required for handicapped units beyond that required for all units.

FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
Female headed households generally refers to those households with a female that is a single parent. Female-headed households tend to have low-incomes, thus limiting housing availability for this group. Female-headed households accounted for 24.5% (1,372 households) of the city's

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total number of households in 2020. An estimated 15.8% of the households in the city (885 households) was female headed with dependent children less than 18 years of age. More significantly, the same census figures for 2020 indicated that 45.1% of the female headed households with dependent children had incomes that were below the poverty level. Thus, providing housing opportunities for this group relates both to affordability and services related to the care of children. This number bares importance in relation to social service needs, such as childcare, recreation programs, and health care, which are of special concern to these households.

Chart 3.3 - Female-Headed Households (ACS 2020)

LARGE FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS
According to the HCD’s definition, the term "large family" refers to a family containing five or more persons. Large family households, containing five or more persons, frequently experience a greater incidence of overcrowding, especially in older units and rental housing. Most rental units in the city contain one or two bedrooms. In addition, landlords may be reluctant to rent smaller units to larger families. Finally, many owner-occupied units are overcrowded (refer to the previous section) due to extended families sharing housing to reduce mortgage or rental costs.

Large families are identified as a group with special housing needs based on the limited availability of adequately sized, affordable housing units. With a median household income of $41,805 (35% lower than the State average), a total of 24.3% of City of Cudahy residents live below the poverty line, almost twice the State average of 13.7%. Taking into consideration the previous statistics, large families often face these conditions, frequently resulting in the overcrowding of smaller dwelling units and in turn accelerating unit deterioration.

Most of the market rate owner-occupied housing constructed during the past ten years had three or more bedrooms. In recent years, few rental units have been constructed in the city with even fewer new rental units containing three or more bedrooms. According to the most recent census, 1,259 units (21.4% of the total housing units in the City) contained five rooms, 397 units (6.8%) contained six rooms, and 181 units (3.1%) have seven or more rooms. 5601

24.5%; 1372

15.8%; 885

1.4%; 76
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Total Households
Total FHH
FHH w/children
FHH w/children under 6
Percent of total househods; Number of households

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Large Families (those containing five or more persons) are overwhelmingly residing in renter units at 83%.

Table 3.9 Tenure by Large Families
Tenure Owner Renter TOTAL
Family with >5 persons 364 1,723 2,087
Percentage 17% 83% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau; 2017 - 2021 American Community Survey

OVERCROWDING
Overcrowded housing is defined by the U.S. Census as units with more than one inhabitant per room, excluding kitchen and bathrooms. Overcrowding usually occurs because of high housing costs, such that families double-up or reside in smaller units to devote income to other basic necessities such as food and medical fees.

Of the occupied housing units in the city identified in the 2020 Census, 1,428 units were identified as being overcrowded (25.3% of the City’s total number of occupied units) and 534 units (9.5% of the total occupied units in the city) were identified as being severely overcrowded.

ELDERLY HOUSEHOLDS
Escalating housing costs, particularly in the rental market, severely impact housing affordability for the elderly who usually have fixed incomes. The housing needs of the elderly can be addressed through the provision of smaller units, congregate housing, and rental and rehabilitation assistance programs. The special needs of many elderly households often are a result of lower (and fixed) incomes, physical disabilities, and dependence needs. As indicated in a previous section, approximately 5.1% of the City’s population was 65 years of age or older. In 2010, there were 909 households (16.8%) with individuals 65 years of age or olde r.

Within those 909 elderly households, 217 of those households contained a single individual while 692 households contained two or more persons.

Elderly householders are predominately residing in renter units at 65% Table 3.10 Tenure by Elderly Households
Tenure Owner Renter TOTAL
208 388 596
Percentage 35% 65% 100%
Source: U.S. Census. Bureau ;2017-2021 American Community Survey

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FARMWORKERS
The special housing needs of many farm workers stem from their low wages and the seasonal nature of their employment. Most of the Cudahy residents work in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Metropolitan area in non-agricultural occupations. The 2020 census identified 37 persons employed in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sector. These persons are likely to be employed in nurseries, stables, and not in traditional agricultural production. The demand for housing generated by farm workers in the city is thus estimated to be extremely low.

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4 Land Inventory
This section assesses the housing development potential in Cudahy during the 2021-2029 Housing Element planning period. The purpose is to determine the quantity of land available to accommodate the City’s RHNA. The RHNA is broken down by income group into four categories:

Very Low (less than 50% of the Area Median income (AMI)), Low (50-80% of AMI), Moderate (80- 120% of AMI), and High (over 120% of AMI). While a jurisdiction must show that it has adequate sites in total to meet its RHNA, it must also show that it can meet the allocation at each of these income categories.

4.1 HOUSING INVENTORY
The State requires that a Housing Element identify how much housing can be constructed to accommodate the community’s RHNA. Section 65583(a)(3) of the California Government Code states that this inventory must be site specific to help localities determine the appropriate zoning, development standards, and infrastructure capacity to accommodate the new construction needed. The Code also requires that all land identified must be available for residential use in the planning period. Sites that require rezoning may be included in the inventory if actions are taken to address the rezoning early in the planning period.

The types of sites that are appropriate for residential development include:
• Vacant residentially zoned sites.
• Vacant non-residentially zoned sites that allow residential development. • Underutilized residentially zoned sites capable of being developed at a higher density or with greater intensity; and
• Non-residentially zoned sites that can be redeveloped for, and/or rezoned for, residential use (via program actions, such as rezoning).

REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ALLOCATION (RHNA)
This Housing Element addresses the RHNA for two planning periods:
• The current RHNA (6
th Cycle) planning period which spans 2021-2029
• The lower-income RHNA (referred to as the unaccommodated RHNA or rollover RHNA) from the previous (5
th Cycle) planning period (2014-2021)

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The unaccommodated 5
th cycle RHNA from 2014-2021 rolled over and is added to the current planning period because HCD found that the city did not make adequate sites available to accommodate the RHNA during the 5
th cycle RHNA planning period.

Table 4.1Regional Housing Needs Allocation
Affordability Level
(AMI: Area Median Income)
RHNA
(2014-2021)
Unaccommodated
RHNA (2008-2013)
Total
Extremely and Very Low-Income (0-50% AMI) 80 154 234
Low-Income (51-80% AMI) 46 - 46
Moderate-Income (81- 120% AMI) 51 - 51
Above Moderate- Income (121%+ AMI) 141 - 141
Total 318 154 472

SITES INVENTORY ASSUMPTIONS
Realistic Capacity
Consistent with HCD Guidelines, the methodology for determining realistic capacity on each identified site must account for land use controls and site improvements. The Cudahy General Plan and Development Code establish three residential and two mixed-use land use categories to provide housing opportunities for all household income ranges. A realistic density calculation of 60 percent of the maximum density has been applied to the residential and mixed-use sites.

The 60 percent realistic capacity figure is consistent with the realistic development scenario in the General Plan Land Use Element. Overall, the use of expected densities provides a very realistic, and perhaps somewhat conservative approach, as developments in Cudahy can achieve much higher densities through development at maximum density.

ZONING APPROPRIATE TO ACCOMMODATE HOUSING FOR LOWER-INCOME

HOUSEHOLDS
Higher density residential and mixed-use zones provide the potential for lower construction cost because of economies of scale created and are therefore most suitable for development of housing affordable to very low-income and low-income households. The California Government Code states that if a local government has adopted density standards consistent with the population-based criteria set by State law (at least 20 units/acre for the City of Cudahy), State HCD is obligated to accept sites with those density standards (20 units/acre or higher) as appropriate for accommodating the jurisdiction’s share of regional housing need for lowerincome households. The capacity of sites that allow development densities of at least 20 units/acre are credited toward the lower-income RHNA, pursuant to State law. Per Government Code Section 65583.2(c)(3)(B), the Medium Density Residential (MDR), High Density Residential (HDR), and mixed-use designations are consistent with the default density standard for Cudahy.

Therefore, capacity on sites with these designations is credited towards the lower-income RHNA

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categories. Sites designated for single-family uses (15 units/acre) are credited towards the above moderate-income RHNA.

SITE SUITABILITY
Site identification criteria were used to ensure the inclusion of sites with a high potential for redevelopment based on size, location, current uses, and allowed densities. • Capacity: The Sites Inventory includes both vacant and underutilized sites. Underutilized sites are parcels that are currently developed at less than the maximum permitted density. Many of these sites are in areas intended for high-density development, yet the sites are developed at significantly lower densities. Identified underutilized sites included in this inventory have a realistic capacity of at least two times the existing use. • Size and location: Development of parcels of at least one-half acre in size is desirable in terms of construction economies and effective use of State or federal grants. However, in older cities, the subdivision pattern has resulted in many lots less than one-half acre in size. Vacant sites of all sizes are included in the inventory as they present opportunities for consolidation into larger developments. Underutilized sites in the inventory are limited to a minimum size of one-half acre and a location adjacent to other underutilized or vacant sites to accommodate lot consolidation.
• Potential for redevelopment: In 2018, new General Plan Land Use designations were developed, allowing for higher density development in residential areas and identifying new areas for mixed-use development with higher residential densities. The city completed a concurrent Development Code and Zoning Map update to provide zoning districts consistent with the new General Plan. These changes significantly increased allowable densities in residential and mixed-use areas and is expected to provide more incentive to recycle underutilized and deteriorating property. In single-family residential areas, allowable density has been increased from nine units per acre to 15 units per acre.

In the Medium Density and High-Density Residential areas, allowable densities have more than doubled (from 12 units per acre to 25 units per acre and from 16 units per acre to 40 units per acre, respectively). The density increases reflect development trends in the residential areas and are expected to produce additional housing to address severe deficiency between the number of residents and number of available housing units in the city. Recent residential development in the city consists of the construction of additional dwelling units, ADU’s, and recycling of single-family structures on large lots to higherdensity residential developments. With allowable density increases across all residential land use categories and with most of the city zoned for high density residential uses, the recycling of land to higher uses is expected to continue.

2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT

SITES INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
The sites inventory included in this section is divided into two parts. The first part presents sites to address the city’s unaccommodated RHNA from the 5th cycle planning period (2014-2021) consistent with State law (Government Code Section 65584.09). The second part of the inventory presents sites to address the City’s current 6
th cycle (2021-2029) RHNA. The inventories are
presented separately to facilitate tracking of sites throughout the planning period and due to the different criteria each inventory must address under housing element law. The requirement to identify sites for the unaccommodated RHNA is in addition to the requirement to identify sites for the current cycle RHNA. The City may not count capacity on the same sites for both planning periods (RHNA cycles) (Government Code 65584.09[b]). Together, the inventories show sufficient capacity to address the City’s current and previous RHNA.

The City’s land inventory was developed by a combination of methods, among them, utilizing data available from the city and the LA County Assessor’s Parcel Maps, a review of aerial maps, and most importantly, through field work. The Sites Inventory and Analysis lists properties by parcel number or other unique reference, showing for each parcel: size, zone, General Plan and zoning designation, existing use, maximum allowable density, and number of units that can be accommodated in each site (realistic capacity). In addition, the lot consolidation potential and any constraints to development are also listed.

Sites for the current and unaccommodated previous cycle RHNA are shown on Table 4.3 and Figure 4.1.

UNACCOMODATED RHNA (5th Cycle, 2013-2021)
Because HCD found that the city did not make adequate sites available to accommodate the RHNA in the previous planning period, Government Code Section 65584.09 requires the identification or, if necessary, rezoning of sites to address the unaccommodated lower-income RHNA from the previous planning period. The City of Cudahy must carry over 154 lower-income units from the 2013-2021 RHNA.

Unaccommodated RHNA Site Requirements
Housing Element Law (Government Code 65583.2[h]) requires that jurisdictions accommodate all the lower-income, unaccommodated RHNA on sites that are zoned to permit owner-occupied and rental multifamily residential use by right (as defined in Government Code 65583.2[i]) during the planning period. These sites must permit at least 16 units per site at a density of at least 20 units per acre. At least half of the very low- and low-income housing must be accommodated on sites designated for residential use and for which nonresidential uses or mixed-uses are not permitted, except that a city or county may accommodate all the very low- and low-income housing need on sites designated for mixed uses if those sites allow 100 percent residential use and require that residential use occupy 50 percent of the total floor area of a mixed-use project.

The unaccommodated RHNA (2013-2021) sites inventory is limited to sites that meet these criteria. All sites in the unaccommodated RHNA inventory are zoned for High Density Residential,

2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT

which allows residential uses by right, and allow a minimum density of 20 units per acre and a maximum density of 40 units per acre. The minimum site capacity is 16 units (based on realistic capacity, not maximum capacity, which is much higher).

Actual Units Constructed Since 2015
Table 4.2 – Housing Units by Construction Year
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Unit Type 2 2 11
ADUs
Condominiums
Townhomes 20 6
Apartments 6 48
Residential
Conversions 5 82
3 Single-Family
Residential 4 11
TOTAL 9 9 0 26 53 11 11
GRAND TOTAL 119
Between 2015 and 2021, the City of Cudahy issued 119 building permits for residential construction /conversion. The 53 units constructed in 2019 was the largest over the seven-year period, and apartments (48) was the highest category. In contrast, there were zero building permits issued for residential construction in 2017, and the largest number of townhomes built (20) was in 2018.