AGENDA
A REGULAR MEETING
OF THE CUDAHY CITY COUNCIL
and JOINT MEETING of the
CITY OF CUDAHY AS SUCCESSOR AGENCY and HOUSING SUCCESSOR AGENCY
TO THE CUDAHY DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
Tuesday, August 15, 2023 – 6:30 P.M.
Written materials distributed to the City Council within 72 hours of the City Council meeting shall be available for public inspection at www.cityofcudahy.com In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, you should contact the City Clerk’s Office at (323) 773-5143 at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting.
Rules of Decorum
Under the Government Code, the City Council may regulate disruptive behavior that impedes the City Council Meeting.
Disruptive conduct may include, but is not limited to:
• Screaming or yelling during another audience member’s public comments period; • Profane language directed at individuals in the meeting room; • Throwing objects at other individuals in the meeting room; • Verbal altercations with other individuals in the meeting room; and • Going beyond the allotted three-minute public comment period granted.
When a person’s or group’s conduct disrupts the meeting, the Mayor or presiding officer will request that the person or group stop the disruptive behavior and WARN the person or group that they will be asked to leave the meeting room if the behavior continues.
If the person or group refuses to stop the disruptive behavior, the Mayor or presiding officer may order the person or group to leave the meeting room and may request that those persons be escorted from the meeting room. Any person who, without authority of law, willfully disturbs or breaks up a City Council meeting is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 403.)
Daisy Lomelí, Mayor
Jose R. Gonzalez, Vice Mayor
Elizabeth Alcantar, Council Member
Martin U. Fuentes, Council Member
Cynthia Gonzalez, Council Member
This meeting will be conducted in
person, telephonically, and
electronically.
Council Chambers/Bedwell Hall
5240 Santa Ana Street
Cudahy, CA 90201
Teleconference Phone Number:
1 (669) 900-6833
Meeting ID: 899 9200 7650
https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89992007650
City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
August 15, 2023, at 6:30 P.M.
1. CALL TO ORDER
2. ROLL CALL
Council / Agency Member Gonzalez
Council / Agency Member Fuentes
Council / Agency Member Alcantar
Vice Mayor / Vice Chair Gonzalez
Mayor / Chair Lomelí
3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
4. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
5. LAND ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to acknowledge that the land we inhabit today was once known as Tovangaar, the home of the Gabrieleño-Tongva people. We show our respects to the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, as well as all Indigenous people, past, present, and future, and honor their labor as original caretakers of this land. We commit to uplifting the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, invite you to acknowledge the history, and join us in caring for this land.
6. PRESENTATIONS
A. Presentation by Cudahy’s Visionary Youth Leaders
B. Recognition of Cudahy’s Visionary Youth Leaders
C. Human Resources Department Annual Update
7. PUBLIC COMMENTS
(Each member of the public may provide a public comment in person, telephonically or electronically.
In person participants must submit one comment card if they wish to address the City Council. Only speakers that submit a comment card within the first 20 minutes of the meeting will be permitted to speak. Remote participants may provide public comment by clicking the hand icon on Zoom or pressing star (*) nine (9) on the telephone, if they wish to address the City Council. Members of the public are permitted to speak for three (3) minutes concerning items under the City Council’s jurisdiction, including items on the council agenda.)
(Any person who, without authority of law, willfully disturbs or breaks up a City Council meeting is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Pen. Code, § 403).)
8. CITY COUNCIL COMMENTS / REQUESTS FOR AGENDA ITEMS (Each Council Member is limited to three minutes.)
City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
August 15, 2023, at 6:30 P.M.
(This is the time for the City Council / Agency to comment on any topics related to “City Business,” including announcements, reflections on city / regional events, response to public comments, suggested discussion topics for future council meetings, general concerns about particular city matters, questions to the staff, and directives to the staff (subject to approval / consent of the City Council majority members present, regarding staff directives). Each Council / Agency Member will be allowed to speak for a period not to exceed three (3) minutes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the City Council Members shall not use this comment period for serial discussions or debate between members on City business matters not properly agendized. The City Attorney shall be responsible for regulating this aspect of the proceeding.)
9. CITY MANAGER REPORT (information only)
10. REPORTS REGARDING AD HOC, ADVISORY, STANDING, OR OTHER COMMITTEE
MEETINGS
11. WAIVER OF FULL READING OF RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES (Consideration to waive full text reading of all Resolutions and Ordinances by single motion made at the start of each meeting, subject to the ability of the City Council / Agency to read the full text of selected resolutions and ordinances when the item is addressed by subsequent motion.) (COUNCIL / AGENCY)
Recommendation: Approve the Waiver of Full Reading of Resolutions and Ordinances.
12. CONSENT CALENDAR
(Items under the Consent Calendar are considered routine and will be enacted by one motion, prior to the vote to approve the Consent Calendar, each Council Member shall have a maximum of three (3) minutes to comment on the Consent Calendar as a whole. There will be no separate discussion of these items unless a Council / Agency Member so requests specific item(s) be removed from the Consent Calendar for separate action. Items may only be considered as a separate action if either (1) a Council Member must recuse themselves due to a conflict of interest or (2) a Council Member has specific questions for City Staff. Items called for separate discussion will be heard as the next order of business.) A. Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of August 1, 2023, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission (page 7) Presented by the City Clerk
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for August 1, 2023.
B. Approval of the Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) for the Month of July 2023 (page 19)
City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
August 15, 2023, at 6:30 P.M.
Presented by the Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve the Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) Report for the month of July 2023 in the amount of $12,489,361.78.
C. Approval of the City Demands and Payroll Including Statement of Investment for the Month of July 2023 (page 23)
Presented by the Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to approve the Demands and Payroll in the amount of $2,043,188.80 including the Statement of Investments for the month of July 2023.
D. Informational Item – ARPA Utilization Plan Monthly Report (July 2023) (page 37) Presented by the Finance Director
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to receive and file the ARPA Utilization Plan Monthly Report for the month of July 2023.
13. PUBLIC HEARING
A. First Reading of Ordinance No. 740 to Approve an Amendment to General Plan Amendment No. 21-01 and Re-Adopt the City’s 2021-2029 Housing Element (6th Cycle) (page 41) Presented by the Community Development Director
Recommendation: Staff recommends that the City Council take the following action(s):
1. Adopt by first reading Ordinance No. 740 to approve an amendment to General Plan Amendment No. 21-01 and re-adopt the City’s 6th Cycle Housing Element for the 2021-2029 planning period.
2. Schedule the second reading of Ordinance No. 740 for September 5, 2023, regular City Council meeting.
14. BUSINESS SESSION
A. Cudahy Park Renovations Project Presentation
Presented by the Community Services Director
City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
August 15, 2023, at 6:30 P.M.
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to receive and file.
B. Strategic Plan Update Presentation
Presented by the Administrative Analyst
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to receive and file.
C. Approval of a Professional Services Agreement for WSAB Cudahy Strategic Vision Implementation Plan (page 335)
Presented by the Assistant to the City Manager
Recommendation: It is recommended that the City Council approve the Professional Services Agreement to City Fabrick for the WSAB Cudahy Strategic Vision Implementation Plan for a not to exceed amount of $160,000.00.
15. COUNCIL DISCUSSION - NONE
16. CLOSED SESSION
A. Closed Session Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(e)(1) – Conference with Legal Counsel to Discuss Matter Involving Potential Litigation – Two Matters B. Closed Session Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957 – Public Employee Performance Evaluation
Title of Employee: City Clerk
Closed Session Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957.6 – Conference with Labor Negotiator City’s Designated Representative: Stephanie Arechiga, City Attorney Unrepresented Employee: City Clerk
17. CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT
18. ADJOURNMENT
City of Cudahy
City Council and Successor Agency
Regular Meeting Agenda
August 15, 2023, at 6:30 P.M.
I, Richard Iglesias, hereby certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing agenda was posted on the City’s Website, City Hall, Clara Park, and Lugo Park not less than 72 hours prior to the meeting. A copy of said Agenda is on file in the City Clerk’sOffice.
Dated this 10th day of August 2023
Richard Iglesias
City Clerk
“Serving the People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 1 of 2
STAFF REPORT
Date: August 15, 2023
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Richard Iglesias, City Clerk
Subject: Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of August 1, 2023, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission
RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for August 1, 2023.
BACKGROUND / ANALYSIS
On December 12, 2016, the City Council of the City of Cudahy adopted Resolution No. 16-38, approving the use of summary action minutes, meant to allow the City Clerk's Office to write the minutes in brief, assuring a record of Council's actions, due to having a recording of the full Council Meeting on the City’s website.
Historically
The Municipal Clerk is one of the oldest professions in government, dating back to 1272 A.D., originating in England. The record keeper then was called Remembrancer, an English official whose job was to remind the Lord Treasurer and Barons of Court, of business pending.
Years later, in the 1600s, when early colonists came to America, the office of the Clerk was one of the first offices to be established. Over the years, the City Clerk’s office has become the core for local government, and the liaison to the residents of the Community. The Municipal Clerk (City Clerk) is the record keeper of a City’s recorded history.
Item Number
12A
“Serving the People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 2 of 2
William Bennett Munro, a Canadian historian, and political scientist, who taught at Harvard University and the California Institute of Technology, stated in one of his first textbooks written: “No other office in municipal service has so many contacts. It serves the Mayor, the City Council, the City Manager (when there is one), and all administrative departments, without exception. All of them call upon it, almost daily, for some service or information. Its work is not spectacular, but it demands versatility, alertness, accuracy, and no end of patience.
The public does not realize how many loose ends of city administration this office pulls together.”
Moving forward to the present time, the City Clerk’s office today is generally responsible for keeping a record of City Council meetings; agreements; recordings of official documents; legal advertisements; municipal elections; commissions and committees current files; claims against the city; and other legal or official documents.
City Clerks are required to keep record of the proceedings (minutes) of Council meetings (Government Code Sections 36814 and 40801). Minutes are the official record of a meeting which provides a history of the Council’s decisions and actions.
CONCLUSION
The City Council is requested to approve the attached City Council / Agency Draft Minutes of the proceedings of August 1, 2023.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
No Financial Impact.
ATTACHMENT
A. August 1, 2023, Minutes
B. Resolution No. 16-38, approving the City Clerk’s use of Summary Action Minutes as the Official Record of the City Council proceedings.
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 08/01/2023 Page 1 of 7
MINUTES
CUDAHY CITY COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING and
CITY OF CUDAHY AS SUCCESSOR AGENCY and
HOUSING SUCCESSOR AGENCY TO THE CUDAHY
DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION JOINT MEETING
August 1, 2023 6:34 P.M.
1. CALL TO ORDER
Mayor / Chair Lomelí called the meeting to order at 6:38 p.m.
2. ROLL CALL
PRESENT: Council / Agency Member Cynthia Gonzalez
Council / Agency Member Martin Fuentes
Council / Agency Member Elizabeth Alcantar
Mayor / Chair Daisy Lomelí
ABSENT: Vice Mayor / Vice Chair Jose R. Gonzalez
ALSO PRESENT: City Manager, Alfonso Noyola, City Attorney, Stephanie Arechiga, Assistant City Attorney, Paloma McEvoy, City Clerk, Richard Iglesias, Assistant City Clerk, Estefania Zamora, Assistant to the City Manager, Andres Rangel, Finance Director, Joshua Calhoun, Administrative Services Director, Brenda Rodriguez, Public Works Director, Aaron Hernandez, Community Development Director, Juan Arauz, Senior Planner, Cecilia Madrigal, and Executive Assistant, Janet Andrade.
3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
Motion: Council Member Fuentes motioned to approve the City Council agenda with no changes, seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
4. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The Pledge of Allegiance was led by Council Member Fuentes.
5. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Attachment A Page 9 of 451
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 08/01/2023 Page 2 of 7 The Land Acknowledgment was led by Council Member Alcantar.
We would like to acknowledge that the land we inhabit today was once known as Tovangaar, the home of the Gabrieleño-Tongva people. We show our respects to the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, as well as all Indigenous people, past, present, and future, and honor their labor as original caretakers of this land. We commit to uplifting the Gabrieleño-Tongva people, invite you to acknowledge the history, and join us in caring for this land.
6. PRESENTATIONS
A. Presentation by Cudahy’s Visionary Youth Leaders
B. Certificate of Recognition to Rent Control Ad Hoc Committee Members Motion: Council Member Alcantar motioned to table item 6B, seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
7. PUBLIC COMMENTS - NONE
8. CITY COUNCIL COMMENTS / REQUESTS FOR AGENDA ITEMS
Council Member Fuentes mentioned his participation in the Cities for Self-Reliance JPA Board meeting, attended CA Contract Cities, will be attending other meetings next week, including meeting with the City Manager and Public Works.
Council Member C. Gonzalez mentioned an email regarding a press conference invitation, thanked staff for the city events, commented on attending the park concerts, asked if the city can create promotional videos of city events, and mentioned access to grant dollars.
Council Member Alcantar commented on text messages received regarding rent control and there still being confusion, asked staff to see how we can provide more information by mailer or billboard campaign.
Mayor Lomelí echoed supporting the information campaign on the rent stabilization ordinance, mentioned previous meetings had brought up ways to provide information to families, thanked staff for the workshop, all the events the City is having, supports the idea of promotional videos, thanked staff for including Birthworkers of Color Collective at city events, mentioned she wants to see a press release, attend and have a ceremony for the changing tables, shared her excitement to see the City app release.
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 08/01/2023 Page 3 of 7
9. CITY MANAGER REPORT (information only)
10. REPORTS REGARDING AD HOC, ADVISORY, STANDING OR OTHER
COMMITTEE MEETINGS - NONE
11. WAIVER OF FULL READING OF RESOLUTIONS AND ORDINANCES Motion: Council Member Fuentes motioned to waive full reading of resolutions and ordinances, seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
12. CONSENT CALENDAR
A. Consideration to Review and Approve the Draft Minutes of July 18, 2023, for the Regular Meeting of the City Council and the Joint Meeting of the City of Cudahy as Successor Agency and Housing Successor Agency to the Cudahy Development Commission
Presented by the City Clerk
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to review and approve the City Council / Successor Agency Draft Minutes for July 18, 2023.
Motion: Council Member Fuentes motioned to approve Consent Calendar items, seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
13. PUBLIC HEARING - NONE
14. BUSINESS SESSION
A. Cudahy LA River Area Improvement Project Presentation Presented by the Public Works Director/SWA Group Consultant Recommendation: The City Council is requested to receive and file.
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 08/01/2023 Page 4 of 7 NO MOTION – PRESENTATION ONLY
B. Review of Draft Economic Development Strategic Plan
Presented by the Community Development Director/Willdan Consultant Recommendation: The City Council is requested to take the following action(s):
1. Review, discuss, and provide feedback on the draft Economic Development Strategic Plan (“EDSP”).
2. Direct staff to bring back the EDSP, with feedback received, for City Council adoption at a future City Council regular meeting.
Motion: Council Member Fuentes motioned to direct staff to bring back the Economic Development Strategic Plan, with feedback received for City Council adoption at a future City Council regular meeting, seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
C. Declaration of surplus property pursuant to Government Code Section 54220 et. seq. located at 8100 – 8110 Atlantic Avenue and 4720 – 4734 Santa Ana Street, in the City of Cudahy, California, County of Los Angeles (APNs: 6224-018-911, 6224-018-912, 6224-018-913, 6224-018-914, and 6224-018-915)
Presented by the Community Development Director
Recommendation: Staff recommends that the City Council of the City of Cudahy (the “City”): find that the declaration of surplus property is exempt from environmental review pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”); and Adopt Resolution No. 23-37 declaring that the properties located at 8100 – 8110 Atlantic Avenue and 4720 – 4734 Santa Ana Street (APNs: 6224-018-911, 6224-018-912, 6224-018-913, 6224-018- 914, and 6224-018-915) are surplus land and are no longer necessary for the City’s use; and Direct the City Manager to follow the procedures set forth in the Surplus Lands Act (“SLA”), (Gov. Code § 54220, et seq.), for the sale of surplus land.
Motion: Council Member Fuentes motioned to (1): find that the declaration of surplus property is exempt from environmental review pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”); (2): adopt Resolution No. 23-37 declaring that the properties located at 8100 – 8110 Atlantic Avenue and 4720 – 4734 Santa Ana Street (APNs: 6224- 018-911, 6224-018-912, 6224-018-913, 6224-018-914, and 6224-018-915) are surplus
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 08/01/2023 Page 5 of 7 land and are no longer necessary for the City’s use; and (3): direct the City Manager to follow the procedures set forth in the Surplus Lands Act (“SLA”), (Gov. Code § 54220, et seq.), for the sale of surplus land., seconded by Council Member Alcantar. Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
D. Consideration of a Resolution No. 23-38 Authorizing the City Manager Approve a Lease Proposal for Temporary Offices at City Hall Pursuant to Section 3.16.140 of the Cudahy Municipal Code (Alternate Procurement Procedure) Presented by the City Attorney
Recommendation: It is recommended that the City Council adopt Resolution No. 23-38 authorizing the City Manager approve a lease proposal for temporary offices at City Hall in accordance with Section 3.16.140 of the Cudahy Municipal Code.
Motion: Council Member Fuentes motioned to adopt Resolution No. 23-38 authorizing the City Manager approve a lease proposal for temporary offices at City Hall in accordance with Section 3.16.140 of the Cudahy Municipal Code, seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
E. Consideration to Approve Lease Agreement with CSLM Construction, Inc., for Temporary Offices at City Hall
Presented by the Public Works Director
Recommendation: It is recommended that the City Council: Approve a lease agreement with CSLM Construction, Inc. in the amount of $39,580 to install temporary offices at City Hall for new Staff who will be hired by the city within the calendar year. Approve funding in the amount of $39,580 from SIEMENS Project Contingency Fund to cover this expense.
Motion: Council Member Fuentes motioned to (1): approve a lease agreement with CSLM Construction, Inc. in the amount of $39,580 to install temporary offices at City Hall for new Staff who will be hired by the city within the calendar year. (2): Approve funding in the amount of $39,580 from SIEMENS Project Contingency Fund to cover this
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 08/01/2023 Page 6 of 7 expense., seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
F. Consideration to Adopt Resolution No. 23-39, Establishing a Sister City Relationship with San Miguel el Alto Jalisco, Mexico
Presented by the City Clerk
Recommendation: The City Council is requested to Adopt Resolution No. 23-39, Establishing a Sister City relationship with San Miguel el Alto Jalisco, Mexico through the Sister Cities Program.
Motion: Council Member Alcantar motioned to adopt Resolution No. 23-39, establishing a Sister City relationship with San Miguel el Alto Jalisco, Mexico through the Sister Cities Program., seconded by Council Member C. Gonzalez Motion passed 4-0-1 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: C. Gonzalez, Fuentes, Alcantar, and Lomelí
NOES: None
ABSENT: J. Gonzalez
ABSTAIN: None
15. COUNCIL DISCUSSION - NONE
At 8:49 p.m., City Attorney, Stephanie Arechiga recessed to closed session.
16. CLOSED SESSION
A. Closed Session Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957 – Routine Public Employee Performance Evaluation
Title of Employee: City Attorney
B. Closed Session Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9(e)(1) – Conference with Legal Counsel to Discuss Matter Involving Potential Litigation – One Matter At 10:20 p.m., Mayor Lomelí reconvened to open session.
17. CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT
City Attorney Stephanie Arechiga announced that the City Council met in closed session pursuant to Government Code Section 54957 and Government Code Section 54956.9(e)(1), no further reportable action.
City Council/Successor Agency Minutes of 08/01/2023 Page 7 of 7
18. ADJOURNMENT
The City Council / Agency meeting adjourned at 10:21 p.m.
Daisy Lomelí
Mayor
ATTEST:
Richard Iglesias
City Clerk
Attachment
B
Blank Page
“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 1 of 2
STAFF REPORT
Date: August 15, 2023
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Joshua Calhoun, Finance Director
Subject: Approval of the Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) for the Month of July 2023
RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to approve the Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) Report for the month of July 2023 in the amount of $12,489,361.78.
BACKGROUND
1. In 1955, the Pooled Money Investment Account (PMIA) started. LAIF became part of the PMIA. The oversight is provided by the Pooled Money Investment Board (PMIB) and an inhouse Investment Committee. The PMIB members consist of the State Treasurer, Director of Finance, and State Controller.
2. In 1977, LAIF was created as a voluntary program by Section 16429.1 et seq. of the California Government Code. The program was intended to be used as an investment alternative for California's local governments and special districts. The LAIF continues today under State Treasurer, Fiona Ma's administration.
3. On July 1, 2023, the balance in LAIF was $12,396,515.06 (See Attachment).
4. In July 2023, $92,846.72 in interest was received for the quarter ended June 30, 2023.
5. On July 31, 2023, the balance in LAIF was $12,489,361.78 (See Attachment).
ANALYSIS
The voluntary program offers local agencies the opportunity to participate in a major portfolio, Item Number
12B
“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 2 of 2
which invests hundreds of millions of dollars, using the investment expertise of the State Treasurer’s Office investment staff at no additional cost to the taxpayer.
All securities are purchased under the authority of Government Code Section 16430 and 16480.4. The State Treasurer's Office takes delivery of all securities purchased on a delivery versus payment basis using a third-party custodian.
Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.080 indicates, "Except as otherwise provided, no warrant shall be drawn or evidence of indebtedness issued unless there shall be at the time sufficient money in the treasury legally applicable to the payment of the same."
CONCLUSION
Once the City Council approves the current LAIF, this balance may be relied upon when determining if the City has sufficient funds available to pay demands and payroll as required by Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.080.
STRATEGIC PLAN CORRELATION
Strategy #2. Provide regular updates to the City Council and community about the city’s finances.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
None
ATTACHMENT
A. Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) Balance
LOCAL AGENCY INVESTMENT FUND
General Account - City #98-19-225
Beginning Balance as of July 01, 2023 $12,396,515.06
LAIF Interest earned 92,846.72
Transfer from City operating account 0
Transfer to City operating account 0
Ending Balance as of July 31, 2023 $12,489,361.78
Attachment A Page 21 of 451
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STAFF REPORT
Date: August 15, 2023
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Joshua Calhoun, Finance Director
Subject: Approval of the City Demands and Payroll Including Statement of Investment for the Month of July 2023
RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to approve the Demands and Payroll in the amount of $2,043,188.80 including the Statement of Investments for the month of July 2023.
BACKGROUND
1. On December 13, 1993, Ordinance 476 was adopted and codified as Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.080 indicating, "Except as otherwise provided, no warrant shall be drawn, or evidence of indebtedness issued unless there shall be at the time sufficient money in the treasury legally applicable to the payment of the same."
2. During the month, the Finance Department have completed the following demands and payroll:
A/P Demands $1,555,062.58
Payroll 488,126.22
Total: $2,043,188.80
Attachment A
Attachment B
Item Number
12C
“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 2 of 2
ANALYSIS
The Check Register Report (Attachment A), Payroll Warrants including payroll taxes and insurance premiums (Attachment B), Statement of Investment (Attachment C) indicate that the cash and investment balance was sufficient for disbursements for the month, a summary of cash received and disbursed by month during Fiscal Year (FY) 2022-23 (Attachment D), and a summary of cash received and disbursed by month during FY 2021-22 (Attachment E).
Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.070 indicates, "Budgeted demands paid by warrant prior to audit by the council shall be presented to the council for ratification and approval..."
CONCLUSION
The Finance Director certifies the accuracy and availability of funds for payment. A Demand/Warrant Register has been submitted to the City Council for approval in accordance with Cudahy Municipal Code Section 3.04.070.
STRATEGIC PLAN CORRELATION
Goal (Financial Stability and Transparency)
• Provide regular updates to the City Council and Community about the City’s finances.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
The Statement of Investments Report (Attachment C) indicates that there are sufficient funds within the City’s holdings to meet the City’s cash flow requirements.
ATTACHMENTS
A. Accounts Payable Check Register Report.
B. Payroll Warrants including payroll taxes and insurance premiums C. Statement of Investments
D. Summary of Cash Receipt / Disbursement by Month FY 2022-23 E. Summary of Cash Receipt / Disbursement by Month FY 2021-22 F. Credit Card Payment Detail
8/1/2023 2:51:39 PM Page 1 of 5
My Check Report
City of Cudahy, CA By Check Number
Date Range: 07/01/2023 - 07/31/2023
Vendor Number Vendor Name Payment Date Discount Amount Payment Type Payment Amount Number Bank Code: WF Checking-WF Checking
2378-3 8330 ATLANTIC AVE INC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 691.55 54517 2378-3 8330 ATLANTIC AVE INC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -691.55 54517 5147 ABEL GLASS & SCREEN INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 233.05 54518 10640 AMAZON CAPITAL SERVICES, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 143.72 54519 10640 AMAZON CAPITAL SERVICES, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -143.72 54519 10680 AMERICAN PRIDE BUILDERS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 19,132.00 54520 10595 ARAMSCO INC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 1,877.01 54521 10133 AVANT-GARDE, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 1,288.75 54522 5573 BEN'S AIRLESS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 11,196.71 54523 5136 BSN Sports LLC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 3,450.86 54524 10772 CalPERS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 300,660.00 54525
10520 CASTRO DISCOUNT TIRES INC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -20.00 54526 10520 CASTRO DISCOUNT TIRES INC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 20.00 54526 10834 Chelsey Maciel 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 1,000.00 54527 10831 City Wide Tow Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 800.00 54528 10831 City Wide Tow Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -800.00 54528 10828 Concept Paving Solutions, Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 22,990.00 54529 5552 CUDAHY AUTO CENTER 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 643.62 54530 10072 DEPARTMENT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 3.13 54531 4042 EBERHARD EQUIPMENT 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 141,436.30 54532 10744 EDDIE C. TORRES JR. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 845.00 54533 10097 FUENTES MARTIN 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 304.50 54534 10833 Gladwell Governmental Services, Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 7,900.00 54535 10833 Gladwell Governmental Services, Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -7,900.00 54535 2139 HINDERLITER DELLAMAS & ASST 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 300.00 54536 2724 HOME DEPOT CREDIT SERVICES 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 5,962.76 54537 2724 HOME DEPOT CREDIT SERVICES 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -5,962.76 54537 10660 JOSE R GONZALEZ 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 260.25 54538 0092-7 LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA CITIES 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 1,050.00 54539 10832 MGT of America, LLC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 54,880.00 54540 10832 MGT of America, LLC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -54,880.00 54540 10835 Nayeli Leyva Valez 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 1,500.00 54541 10754 ODP BUSINESS SOLUTIONS, LLC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 101.71 54542 10732 OMEGA INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 1,065.59 54543 10321 PRECISION CONCRETE CUTTING 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 24,837.44 54544 10430 RIGHT OF WAY, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 2,957.04 54545 10822 Saba Holding Co., LLC 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 23,416.24 54546 2802 SAM'S CLUB 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 2,535.87 54547
2802 SAM'S CLUB 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -2,535.87 54547 10830 Sator Sports Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 4,062.83 54548 10424 SHARPLINE SOLUTIONS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 8,974.27 54549 10812 Sheila's Gifts & Flowers 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -356.00 54550 10812 Sheila's Gifts & Flowers 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 356.00 54550 0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -32.55 54551
0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 32.55 54551
0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -57.28 54552
0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 57.28 54552
0093-1 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATIO OF GOVER 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 2,818.00 54553 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 20.30 54554 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -20.30 54554 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 64.48 54555 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -64.48 54555 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -875.69 54556 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 875.69 54556 Attachment A Page 25 of 451
My Check Report Date Range: 07/01/2023 - 07/31/2023
8/1/2023 2:51:39 PM Page 2 of 5
Vendor Number Vendor Name Payment Date Discount Amount Payment Type Payment Amount Number 10467 STEAMX, LLC SIGNAL HILL 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 1,578.41 54557 10789 Studio Spectrum, Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 825.00 54558 10203 SWANK MOTION PICTURES, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -2,430.00 54559 10203 SWANK MOTION PICTURES, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 2,430.00 54559 10819 The Stage Depot 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 15,436.40 54560 10819 The Stage Depot 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -15,436.40 54560 8363 TIME WARNER CABLE 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -319.98 54561 8363 TIME WARNER CABLE 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 319.98 54561 10821 Trashcans Unlimited, LLC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 15,165.38 54562 8066 TYLER TECHNOLOGIES INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 16,049.71 54563 **Void** 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54564
5631 WELLS LOCK & KEY 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -691.00 54565 5631 WELLS LOCK & KEY 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 691.00 54565 2208 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 14,166.00 54566 2208 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -14,166.00 54566 9951 WILLDAN 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 10,407.50 54567
9951 WILLDAN 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -10,407.50 54567
10805 World Trip, Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 2,790.00 54568 10805 World Trip, Inc. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 -2,790.00 54568 0643 ZUMAR INDUSTRIES. INC. 07/06/2023 Regular 0.00 4,324.97 54569 10708 BOOMBOX MOBILE STAGE & SOUND LLC. 07/13/2023 Regular 0.00 2,300.00 54570 10836 Luis Juarez 07/13/2023 Regular 0.00 2,500.00 54571 10004 TALAMANTES ROBERT UNEXPECTED ATTRACTIO07/13/2023 Regular 0.00 1,000.00 54572 **Void** 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54573
**Void** 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54574
**Void** 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54575
**Void** 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54576
**Void** 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54577
**Void** 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54578
**Void** 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 0.00 54579
10672 5 STAR BUILDERS, INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 1,122.40 54580 2378-3 8330 ATLANTIC AVE INC 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 1,912.08 54581 0001 AAA BURGLAR ALARM CO, 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 180.00 54582 10794 ADA Enterprises, Inc. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 17,850.00 54583 10603 ADVANCED IMAGING SOLUTIONS 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 377.18 54584 1778 ALL CITY MANAGEMENT 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 3,017.48 54585 10837 Allied ERecycling, LLC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 500.00 54586 7995 AMERICAN CITY PEST & TERMITE 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 260.00 54587 10841 American Global Security, Inc. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 5,086.12 54588 10842 Armando Figueroa Music 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 2,000.00 54589 8021 AT & T MOBILITY 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 1,872.44 54590 10787 Axxess Door Corp. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 11,432.23 54591 10840 Baker Tilly US, LLP 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 30,660.00 54592 10708 BOOMBOX MOBILE STAGE & SOUND LLC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 2,300.00 54593 10397 CALIFORNIA CITIES FOR SELF -RELIANCE 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 17,500.00 54594 10711 CLEARNETWORK, INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 395.84 54595 8179 CODE PUBLISHING INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 2,506.75 54596 1206 COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES IND WAST DEPT OF P 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 656.12 54597 2378-1 CUDAHY FUEL STOP 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 11.97 54598 10581 FIESTA TAXI COOPERATIVE INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 3,766.90 54599 6087 FIRST AMERICAN DATA TREE 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 99.00 54600 2712 GEORGE A. PEREZ 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 553.16 54601 10053 HAULAWAY STORAGE CONTAINERS 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 74.20 54602 10843 Juan Carlos Zepeda 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 2,500.00 54603 10394 KEENAN ASSOCIATES 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 449,163.64 54604 10598 LEAF 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 422.70 54605
6038 LGP EQUIPMENT RENTALS 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 3,119.16 54606 5411 LIEBERT CASSIDY WHITMORE LAW CORPORATI 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 4,800.00 54607 10721 LOOMIS 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 284.84 54608
10655 LUIS AGUILAR 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 360.00 54609 7014 NATIONWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 9,420.30 54610
My Check Report Date Range: 07/01/2023 - 07/31/2023
8/1/2023 2:51:39 PM Page 3 of 5
Vendor Number Vendor Name Payment Date Discount Amount Payment Type Payment Amount Number 5187 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES ATTN: ACCO 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 825.00 54611 1978-2 OFFICE DEPOT 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 101.71 54612 10556 OFFICE OF AUDITOR-CONTROLLER LOS ANGELE 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 413.57 54613 10436 ONTARIO REFRIGERATION 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 2,390.00 54614 9717 PCAM, LLC 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 18,356.34 54615
10824 PlaceWorks, Inc. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 4,698.38 54616 10081-2 QUADIENT FINANCE USA, INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 250.00 54617 10750 RUGAMAS CREATIVE SOLUTIONS 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 1,318.18 54618 10497 SOUTHEAST RIO VISTA YMCA 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 7,800.00 54619 10483-1 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA NEWS GROUP 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 10,166.31 54620 5647 STAPLES BUSINESS ADVANTAGE 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 278.46 54621 10643 STATE COMPENSATION INS FUND 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 16,368.20 54622 10839 Street Decor, Inc 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 15,180.23 54623 10004 TALAMANTES ROBERT UNEXPECTED ATTRACTIO07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 1,000.00 54624 10827 Teslarian, Inc. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 3,200.00 54625 0079 TRACT 180 WATER COMPANY 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 2,568.58 54626 0078 TRACT 349 MUTUAL WATER CO 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 1,375.06 54627 9991 TRANSTECH ENGINEERING, INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 22,000.00 54628 2859 UNDERGROUND SERVICE ALERT-SC SOUTHERN 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 53.75 54629 2208 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 272.40 54630 9951 WILLDAN 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 18,268.25 54631
10805 World Trip, Inc. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 2,250.00 54632 10735 YUNEX, LLC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 10,534.83 54633 0643 ZUMAR INDUSTRIES. INC. 07/19/2023 Regular 0.00 3,667.21 54634 2378-3 8330 ATLANTIC AVE INC 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 691.55 54635 10520 CASTRO DISCOUNT TIRES INC 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 20.00 54636 10831 City Wide Tow Inc. 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 800.00 54637 10833 Gladwell Governmental Services, Inc. 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 7,900.00 54638 10832 MGT of America, LLC. 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 54,880.00 54639 10812 Sheila's Gifts & Flowers 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 356.00 54640 10203 SWANK MOTION PICTURES, INC. 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 2,430.00 54641 5631 WELLS LOCK & KEY 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 691.00 54642 2208 WEST COAST ARBORISTS, INC. 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 14,166.00 54643 9951 WILLDAN 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 10,407.50 54644
10805 World Trip, Inc. 07/20/2023 Regular 0.00 2,790.00 54645 10640 AMAZON CAPITAL SERVICES, INC. 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 12,657.62 DFT0000080 10640 AMAZON CAPITAL SERVICES, INC. 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 694.08 DFT0000081 0057-4 AT & T 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 115.54 DFT0000082 8363 TIME WARNER CABLE 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 227.97 DFT0000083 8363 TIME WARNER CABLE 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 1,438.40 DFT0000084 2724 HOME DEPOT CREDIT SERVICES 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 282.79 DFT0000085 2724 HOME DEPOT CREDIT SERVICES 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 3,499.04 DFT0000086 2802 SAM'S CLUB 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 211.15 DFT0000087 2802 SAM'S CLUB 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 470.32 DFT0000088 0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 54.09 DFT0000089 0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 74.45 DFT0000090 0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 30.11 DFT0000091 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 33.48 DFT0000092 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 5,913.17 DFT0000093 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/19/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 21,140.81 DFT0000094 10729 WELLSONE COMMERCIAL CARD 07/10/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 50,044.19 DFT0000098 10640 AMAZON CAPITAL SERVICES, INC. 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 143.72 DFT0000099 2724 HOME DEPOT CREDIT SERVICES 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 5,868.31 DFT0000100 2802 SAM'S CLUB 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 2,535.87 DFT0000101 0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 32.55 DFT0000102 0071-1 SO CAL GAS 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 57.28 DFT0000103 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 64.48 DFT0000104 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 20.30 DFT0000105 0070 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 875.69 DFT0000106 10819 The Stage Depot 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 15,436.40 DFT0000107
My Check Report Date Range: 07/01/2023 - 07/31/2023
8/1/2023 2:51:39 PM Page 4 of 5
Vendor Number Vendor Name Payment Date Discount Amount Payment Type Payment Amount Number 8363 TIME WARNER CABLE 07/20/2023 Bank Draft 0.00 319.98 DFT0000108 Regular Checks
Manual Checks
Voided Checks
Discount
Payment
Payment Type Count
Bank Code WF Checking Summary
Bank Drafts
EFT's
121
0 29
26 0
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 176 0.00
Payment
1,553,401.87
0.00 -120,581.08
122,241.79
0.00 1,555,062.58
Payable
Count
161
0 0
26 0
187
My Check Report Date Range: 07/01/2023 - 07/31/2023
8/1/2023 2:51:39 PM Page 5 of 5
All Bank Codes Check Summary
Payment Type Discount
Payment
Count Payment
Payable
Count
Regular Checks
Manual Checks
Voided Checks
Bank Drafts
EFT's
121
0 29
26 0
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 176 0.00
1,553,401.87
0.00 -120,581.08
122,241.79
0.00 1,555,062.58
161
0 0
26 0
187
Fund Name Period Amount
Fund Summary
998 Fund 998 7/2023 1,555,062.58
1,555,062.58
07/13/23 07/27/23 08/10/23 Total
(a) Direct Deposits 122,513.94 56,683.74 118,162.15 297,359.83 (b) ICMA & Union Dues - 3,880.00 - 3,880.00
(c) CalPERS Retirement 64,788.09 - 64,788.09 -
(d) CalPERS Medical 21,860.72 532.93 23,241.65 45,635.30 (e) Payroll taxes 27,485.76 14,679.42 25,784.97 67,950.15 (f) Medical 3,661.84 3,142.77 1,708.24 8,512.85
Total Amount 240,310.35 78,918.86 168,897.01 488,126.22 (a) Employees / Council Members / Commissioners
(b) ICMA & Union Dues
(c) CalPERS Retirement
(d) CalPERS Medical (active and retired)
(e) Federal / State payroll taxes and unemployment
(f) Medical Insurance - Active and Retired employees
CITY OF CUDAHY
Payroll - including payroll taxes and insurance premiums:
Attachment B Page 30 of 451
Type Issuer Amount % of Total
Deposit - 4588 Wells Fargo 2,855,748.89 13.37%
Successor Agency - 0688 Wells Fargo 4,602,694.77 21.56% Checking - 7128 Wells Fargo 762,008.23 3.57%
Payroll - 4570 Wells Fargo 303,091.45 1.42%
Savings - 4752 Wells Fargo 330,972.71 1.55%
Money Market Account Bank of New York (BNY) (a) 8,808.83 0.04% Pooled Savings State Local Agency 12,489,361.78 58.49%
Investment Fund (LAIF)
Total 21,352,686.66 100.00%
Pursuant to California Government Code Section 53646(b), I hereby certify that all investments held by the Authority are in compliance with state law and the agency's Statement of Investment Policy, and that there are sufficient funds within the agency's investment holdings to meet the Authority's cash flow requirements for the next six (6) months.
Respectfully submitted,
Joshua Calhoun
Joshua Calboun
Finance Director
CITY OF CUDAHY
Statement of Investments
07/31/2023
Attachment C Page 31 of 451
Month
Receipts Disbursement
July 2023 $ 1,698,263.55 $ 2,043,188.80 (a)
August 2023
September 2023
October 2023
November 2023
December 2023
January 2024
February 2024
March 2024
April 2024
May 2024
June 2024
Total: $ 1,698,263.55 2,043,188.80
Note (a) - City liab. & workers comp insurance, and PERS unfunded pension liab.
Month
Cash Receipts Disbursement
July 2023 $ 913,951.26 $ 1,604,912.00 (1)
August 2023
September 2023
October 2023
November 2023
December 2023
January 2024
February 2024
March 2024
April 2024
May 2024
June 2024
Total: $ 913,951.26 $ 1,604,912.00
Note (1) - City liab. & workers comp insurance, and PERS unfunded pension liab.
All Funds
General Fund
City of Cudahy
Summary of Cash Receipt/Disbursement by Month - FY 2023-2024 Attachment D Page 32 of 451
Month
Cash Receipts Disbursement
July 2022 $ 4,033,647.40 (a) 1,789,957.16 $
August 2022 1,686,604.16 1,750,512.85
September 2022 823,969.03 2,318,824.72 (b)
October 2022 1,991,064.32 3,914,418.49 (c)
November 2022 1,086,868.12 869,692.56
December 2022 1,406,231.74 1,395,830.23
January 2023 2,714,262.24 (d) 1,463,847.38
February 2023 739,588.01 1,006,801.94
March 2023 1,120,658.63 1,991,169.04
April 2023 1,196,447.59 1,257,126.86
May 2023 3,260,684.11 (e) 1,984,309.07
June 2023 2,011,618.48 1,230,025.68
Total: $ 22,071,643.83 20,972,515.98
Note (a) - Includes $2.819 M received from American Rescue Plan Act, Fund 530 Note (b) - Includes $949K paid to Siemens
Note (c) - Includes $1,230,610 deposited into an Escrow fund for the Seimens Project Note (d) - Includes $1,628,225 in Motor Vehicle In-Lieu tax Note (e) - Includes $1,625,225 in Motor Vehicle In-lieu tax Month
Cash Receipts Disbursement
July 2022 $ 845,547.28 $ 1,589,154.35 (1)
August 2022 1,012,769.79 1,077,279.74
September 2022 541,456.74 2,140,117.92 (2)
October 2022 1,628,965.30 834,689.66
November 2022 802,869.63 598,974.94
December 2022 774,144.70 976,007.61
January 2023 2,377,440.36 (3) 1,266,258.83
February 2023 489,780.43 829,217.41
March 2023 620,900.31 1,602,710.73 (4)
April 2023 969,432.86 710,177.71
May 2023 2,843,131.44 (5) 1,675,594.30 (6)
June 2023 435,137.76 945,268.74
Total: $ 13,341,576.60 $ 14,245,451.94
Note (1) - City liab. & workers comp insurance, and PERS unfunded pension liab.
City pre-payment option of PERS unfunded pension liability saved 3.5% interest ($12k) than paying on a monthly basis.
Note (2) - Includes $949K paid to Siemens
Note (3) - Includes $1,628,225 in Motor Vehicle In-Lieu tax Note (4) - Includes 2 Sheriff payments
Note (5) - Includes $1,628,225 in Motor Vehicle In-lieu tax Note (6) - Includes 2 Sheriff payments
City of Cudahy
Summary of Cash Receipt/Disbursement by Month - FY 2022-2023 All Funds
General Fund
Attachment E Page 33 of 451
Supplier - Name Amount Description
Partition Plus Online Baby changing stations for all facilities 6,770.00 Dog Waste Depot.Com Dog waste stations for city streets 4,894.72 Dmi* Dell Bus Online Laptop for Public Works staff 3,301.65 Generac Power Systems Brush mower for public works 2,756.24 Linde Gas & Equipment Inc Lincoln Electric Power MIG 210 2,205.00 Icma Online ICMA Conference Registration-City Manager 2,152.00 League Of California Cit 2023 League of California Cities Annual Conference and Expo. 2,125.00 L B Johnson Ace Hdwe Generator 1,859.28
Sp Ace Cutting Commercial vacuum for public works 1,795.00 American Air flight for Mayor - New American Leaders Submit. 1,600.25 Full Source Llc Shirts for Fitness Center Boxing program. 1,590.06 Uline Shelf bin organizer for equipment 1,372.46
Kasa Living, Inc. ICMA Annual Conference-City Manager 1,310.22 Southwes Southwest Flight to Dallas for CPRS Conference. 1,254.47 Event* Apa California Planning conference 1,250.00
Jetblue Flight for NALEO 40th Annual Conference. 981.59 United Flight for NALEO 40th Annual Conference. 929.85
Msft * E0300nsg5v Microsoft subscription for employees 762.24 Expedia 72582465152849 Hotel for Mayor to attend New American Leaders Submit. 716.57 Z Abrasives Inc Pallet of fine crush glass for the pressure washer 715.31 Acmetools.Com Tools for public works 605.03
Fsp*cindys Jumpers, Llc Deposit for Jumpers and Carnival Games. 523.11 Delta Air Flight for Vice Ma 518.90 yor for NALEO 40th Annual Conference.
Adobe *acropro Subs Adobe subscription for employees 503.79 Swank Motion Pictures In 480.00
Smart And Final 319 450.41
Ok Printing Design & Digi 400.00
The Ups Store 5391 385.00
Target.Com 362.55
Chick-Fil-A #03328 361.90
Wingstop 717 Olo 329.47
Hilton Long Beach 313.12
Municipal Management Asso 300.00
4imprint, Inc 259.67
Harbor Freight Tools 373 259.59
Vivint Inc/Us 252.35
Jersey Mikes 20278 243.00
Ringcentral Inc. 230.86
Wm Supercenter #3180 229.95
Swa*earlybrd 210.00
Officemax/Depot 6440 194.01
Sq *agua Y Salud 189.44
Tlf*the Flower Shop At Ro 185.20
New American Leaders 180.89
Credit Card Payment Detail
June 1 to 30, 2023 Activity, Paid July 6, 2023
Attachment F Page 34 of 451
ATTACHMENT F
Supplier - Name Amount Description
Credit Card Payment Detail
June 1 to 30, 2023 Activity, Paid July 6, 2023
5451 El Pollo Loco 174.18
Jersey Mikes Online Orde 170.00
Lazy Dog Restaurant 19 131.14
5.11, Inc. 123.48
Dropbox*k46l7hyt48h7 119.88
Business.Apple.Com 110.20
American Planning Associ 99.00
Hp *instant Ink 96.93
The Home Depot #1002 88.18
Starbucks 800-782-7282 85.00
Msa 77.63
Quartermaster 73.82
La Princessa Bakery Cafe 55.13
Party City 1521 51.70
El Pescador 7 42.00
Portos Bakery Downey 37.44
Michaels Stores 1229 37.39
Cvs/Pharmacy #08858 30.00
Oreilly Auto Parts 2959 19.68
Facebk Xat76sb6e2 19.27
2536 World Trade Center 17.50
Ace Parking 0997 15.00
Ubiquiti Inc. 15.00
Cudahy 14.99
Digitalspace 13.00
Ck Dealer # 01461 8.00
Daiso Downey 7.70
Dodger Stadium Ticket 0.80
50,044.19
Blank Page
“Serving The People” "Sirviendo A La Comunidad"
Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 1 of 2
STAFF REPORT
Date: August 15, 2023
To: Honorable Mayor/Chair and City Council/Agency Members From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager/Executive Director
By: Joshua Calhoun, Finance Director
Subject: Informational Item – ARPA Utilization Plan Monthly Report (July 2023)
RECOMMENDATION
The City Council is requested to receive and file the ARPA Utilization Plan Monthly Report for the month of July 2023.
BACKGROUND
1. On August 16, 2022, The City Council provided city staff direction on the utilization of reimbursed American Rescue Plan Act grant funds.
2. On September 6, 2022, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 22-53 Approving the Commitment of Fund Balance Pursuant to GASB 54.
ANALYSIS
The City received a total of $5,638,206 of State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF) from the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) that can be used by local governments to assist in the recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The City claimed the total of $5,638,206 as allowable expenditures for public safety incurred between March 2021 to June 2022. This reimbursed the City’s General Fund for the costs during that period as a result of the pandemic.
These one-time reimbursed ARPA Funds can be used for unrestricted purposes. The City Council provided direction to city staff as part of a utilization plan. These funds were approved for various projects. Additionally, the City Council approved $1,000,000 to Committed Fund Balance of the funds to be used solely for Strategic Plan Program Implementation. The result would require a resolution approved by the City Council to utilize these funds for such programs detailing which Strategic Plan goal it would achieve.
Item Number
12D
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Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 2 of 2
For transparency, the Finance Department will provide monthly reports to the City Council summarizing the ongoing use of the funds.
As of July 2023, the City has expended $3,764,667 of the approved funds. Of which $100,000 of the $1,000,000 Committed Fund Balance has been appropriated with $900,000 remaining for future Strategic Plan Program Implementation.
CONCLUSION
The provided report will provide transparency as to the utilization of the ARPA Funds for the City’s monthly reporting.
STRATEGIC PLAN CORRELATION
Goal D (Financial Stability and Transparency), Objective:
1.Provide regular updates to the City Council and community about the City’s finances.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
None.
ATTACHMENTS
A. ARPA Utilization Plan – Status Financial Report – July 2023
City of Cudahy
American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) - Utilization Plan
State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF)
Status Financial Report - July 2023
Total City Allocation 5,638,206.00 $
Total Cumulative Expenditures** 5,638,206.00 $
Approved
Amount
Expenditures to
Date Project Status
APPROVED PROJECTS
City Reserves $ 2,150,056.00 $ 2,150,056.00 Completed
**Revenue Stabilization Plan
Council Approval: 8/16/2022
City-Wide Energy Efficiency Facilities
Modernization Project $ 1,435,000.00 $ 1,230,610.00 In-Progress Project Contingency (10%) $ 600,000.00
Council Approval: 8/16/2022
Strategic Plan Program Implementation $ 1,000,000.00
**Approved by City Council (Committed Fund Balance)
Council Approval: 9/6/2022
Hub Cities Consortium Financial Support $ 100,000.00 100,000.00 $ Completed Council Approval: 9/6/2022
Remaining Committed Fund Balance $ 900,000.00
Strategic Plan $ 50,000.00 $ 57,644.00 Completed
Financial Software Upgrade $ 128,150.00 $ 130,496.47 In-Progress City Facilities Condition Assessment, $ 175,000.00 $ 13,263.95 In-Progress Maintenance Plan and Space Utilization Study
Employee Lump Sum Compensation $ 100,000.00 $ 82,596.37 Completed **Hero Pay
TOTAL $ 5,638,206.00 $ 3,764,666.79
**Pursuant to Final Rule issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the SLFRF funds may be used towards government services (ie. public safety, police). Based on expenditures incurred for police services between March 2021 to June 2022 the City has claimed such allowable expenditures against the amount allocated to the City.
This reimbursed the City's General Fund for the costs during that period as a result of the pandemic.
As the City's General Fund received "reimbursement" of prior costs incurred, the City will be utilizing these "onetime" funds for the following purposes:
Attachment A Page 39 of 451
Blank Page
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Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 1 of 4
STAFF REPORT
Date: August 15, 2023
To: Honorable Mayor and Councilmembers
From: Alfonso Noyola, City Manager
Prepared By: Cecilia Madrigal-Gonzalez, Senior Planner
Concurrence: Juan Arauz, AICP, Community Development Director Subject: First Reading of Ordinance No. 740 to Approve an Amendment to General Plan Amendment No. 21-01 and Re-Adopt the City’s 2021-2029 Housing Element (6th Cycle)
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council take the following action(s):
1. Adopt by first reading Ordinance No. 740 (Attachment A) to approve an amendment to General Plan Amendment No. 21-01 and re-adopt the City’s 6th Cycle Housing Element for the 2021-2029 planning period.
2. Schedule the second reading of Ordinance No. 740 for September 5, 2023, regular City Council meeting.
BACKGROUND/TIMELINE
The Housing Element is a State-mandated chapter of the Cudahy General Plan that sets forth a plan to address the City’s identified housing needs, which is required to be updated every eight years. The Housing Element describes, identifies, and analyzes the City’s housing needs and addresses the maintenance and expansion of the housing supply to accommodate the households that currently live and/or may live in Cudahy. Through research and analysis, the Housing Element identifies available housing sites (Housing Opportunity Sites) and establishes a housing program to accommodate the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (“RHNA”) allocation, as determined by the Southern California Association of Governments (“SCAG”) and approved by HCD.
On March 1, 2022, the City Council adopted the City’s 6th Housing Element under Ordinance Item Number
13A
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8/15/2023 Page 2 of 4
No. 718 (Attachment B) along with an addendum to the Cudahy General Plan 2040 Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”) (SCH#2017071071). Subsequently, City staff submitted its draft Housing Element to HCD. From July 2022 to June 2023, the City has continued to work with HCD to address comments including various submittals and technical assistance review from HCD. On July 11, 2023, HCD issued a letter (Attachment C) concluding that the City's housing element is in substantial compliance with the State Housing Element. The Cudahy Housing Element, which was formally adopted in March 2022, must be re-adopted by the Planning Commission and City Council to obtain a certified housing element from HCD.
DISCUSSION
The Adopted Housing Element has been revised to address HCD’s comments in their entirety.
Revisions to the adopted Housing Element are summarized as follows:
• Additional Analysis: Additional analysis was added to address realistic capacity, approved projects, development and affordability assumptions, and available site descriptions.
Additionally, adding data points including city-wide and neighborhood maps. • Sites Inventory and Affirmative Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH): Further information and justification were provided to demonstrate the suitability of nonvacant sites as the City’s Housing Opportunity Sites. Additionally, three sites were removed from the Housing Opportunity Sites.
• Housing Programs: Programs #5 (Affordable Housing Incentives), #8 (Housing Maintenance and Conservation, #11 (Emergency, Transitional and Supportive Housing), #12 (Neighborhood Preservation), #13 (Code Enforcement), #14 (infrastructure Availability), #15 (Public Participation), #16 (Fair Housing), #23 (Housing Condition Survey), #24 (Low Barrier Navigation Centers), #25 (Single-Room Occupancy), #26 (State Density Bonus), #27 (Zoning Code Review) and #28 (Implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program). Additionally, Programs #29 (Environmental Enhancements), #30 (Rent Control Ad Hoc Committee), #31 (First Time Homebuyers), #32 (Economic Development Strategic Plan & Transit Oriented Development), #33 (Surplus Land Act Compliance, and #35 (Open Space Development) were added.
The latest draft of the Cudahy Housing Element is provided in Attachment D.
ANALYSIS
The proposed General Plan Amendment is a revision to the City’s adopted 6th Cycle Housing Element, which was submitted to HCD for its review after the document was adopted by the City Council. The purpose of the proposed revisions is to address additional comments received from HCD. Generally, the proposed revisions provide additional analysis on certain topic areas
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8/15/2023 Page 3 of 4
of the Housing Element, additional justification for and minor updates to the Housing Opportunity Sites, and updates to certain housing programs to provide additional clarification and an updated timeline for implementation. These revisions are technical and minor in nature but necessary for the City to obtain HCD certification. As such, the revised Housing Element remains consistent with the goals and policies of the General Plan and the statutory requirements of State Housing Element law.
PLANNING COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION
On August 7, 2023, the Planning Commission conducted a public hearing and voted 4-0 to recommend the City Council amend and re-adopt the 6th Cycle Housing Element (Attachment E). The Planning Commission comments for the City Council to review and consider are summarized below:
• New housing units will demand additional vehicles meaning impacts on street parking, which is already limited and traffic congestion. Solutions should be addressed in the Housing Element.
• The City has far exceeded its contribution to the State when meeting its housing production with medium- and high-density residential.
• The City should inquire on legal routes to challenge the RHNA allocation due to the City outpacing others in housing production.
• Building new housing units would continue to increase population and thus overcrowding.
PUBLIC NOTICE
The public hearing was posted in accordance with the City’s public notice requirements, which include publication in the local paper (Attachment F) on August 2, 2023.
STRATEGIC PLAN IMPACT
This action would comply with the following strategic plan goal(s):
• Goal C Housing Security and Affordability, Strategy #7. Implement the City’s sixth cycle Housing Element and utilize the newly adopted Inclusionary Housing Ordinance to provide affordable housing opportunities.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with resubmitting the revised draft 6th Cycle Housing Element for HCD review.
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Staff Report
8/15/2023 Page 4 of 4
CONCLUSION
For the reasons discussed above and the information attached to this report, the revised Housing Element conforms to the City’s General Plan goals and policies and statutory requirements of State Housing Element law.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The Project has been assessed in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines and the environmental regulations of the City. The Project was assessed under an addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR (SCH#2017071071) for the Housing Element Update. Although the proposed project is intended to encourage and facilitate the development of housing through the 2021-2029 planning period, specific future projects are subject to the regulation of the General Plan, performance standards, and permitting processes of the City's Municipal Code, including the Planning and Zoning regulations, CEQA review of each proposed project, and all mitigation measures contained in applicable CEQA documents.
Furthermore, pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15282(s) and 15061, adoption of the Housing Element is exempt from the requirements to prepare additional environmental documentation per CEQA.
ATTACHMENT
A. Draft Ordinance No. 740
B. Ordinance No. 718
C. HCD Comment Letter dated July 11, 2023.
D. City of Cudahy Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element as of July 11, 2023.
E. Public Notice Proof of Publication.
F. Planning Commission Resolution No. 2023-03
ORDINANCE NO. 740
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY, CALIFORNIA
APPROVING AN AMENDMENT TO GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT
NO. 21-01 AND RE-ADOPTING THE CITY’S HOUSING ELEMENT FOR THE 2021-2029 PLANNING PERIOD (6th CYCLE)
WHEREAS, the Housing Element is one of eight General Plan elements mandated by the State of California (“State”) pursuant to Government Code Section 65580 et seq. (“State law”), and the City of Cudahy (the “City”) must comply with statutory provisions of State law every eight years and;
WHEREAS, the Housing Element sets forth the housing policies for the City, facilitates the preservation and development of housing, and establishes programs to accommodate the City’s share of the Regional Housing Need Assessment (“RHNA”) in Southern California; and
WHEREAS, the City initiated an amendment to the City’s Housing Element of the General Plan and prepared proposed revisions to the City’s 6th Cycle Housing Element (“Housing Element”) covering the 2021-2029 planning period, which replaces the Housing Element last adopted in 2013 (5th Cycle) and 2018 part of the General Plan 2040 Update and;
WHEREAS, the City has been assigned an allocation of 393 new housing units as its share of the 6th Cycle RHNA; and
WHEREAS, on January 24, 2022, the Cudahy Planning Commission of the City (“Planning Commission”) held a public hearing on the proposed 6th Cycle Draft Housing Element and recommended approval of the element and the addendum to the General Plan 2040 Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”); and
WHEREAS, on March 1, 2022, the Cudahy City Council (“City Council”) adopted Ordinance No. 718 approving General Plan Amendment No. 21-01, adopting the 6th Cycle Housing Element; and
WHEREAS, the State’s Housing and Community Development Department (“HCD”) provided the City with its findings on the City’s Housing Element, requiring additional updates to the document, and as such, the Housing Element has been further revised to address HCD comments; and
WHEREAS, the City Council in adopting its respective ordinance, acknowledges that the Housing Element may be further revised to address HCD’s future comments; and WHEREAS, the proposed revisions to the Housing Element are limited to addressing HCD’s findings and are technical and minor in nature, re-adoption of the document by the Planning Commission and City Council is required prior to resubmitting the revised Housing Element to HCD for its final review and certification; and Attachment A Page 45 of 451
Ordinance No. 740
WHEREAS, on August 7, 2023, the Planning Commission conducted a public hearing, as required by law, recommending the City Council consider the amendment to General Plan Amendment No. 21-01 and re-adoption of the City’s 2021-2029 Housing Element. The Planning Commission recommendation passed by a 4-0 vote and thus adopted Planning Commission Resolution No. 2023-03.
WHEREAS, all legal prerequisites for the adoption of this Resolution have occurred.
NOW THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CUDAHY DOES HEREBY RESOLVE, DECLARE AND DETERMINE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The recitals above are true and correct and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 2. Government Code Section 65583 states that a Housing Element is a mandatory element of the General Plan and shall consist of an identification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs and a statement of goals, policies, quantified objectives, financial resources, and schedule of programs for the preservation, improvement, and development of housing.
SECTION 3. As required by State law during the adoption of the Housing Element, the City has provided opportunities for the involvement of citizens, public agencies, and civic, educational, and other community groups, through public hearings and other means the city deems appropriate. The City facilitated public participation in the preparation of the draft housing element by conducting Town Hall meetings in August 2021, noticed public hearings before the Planning Commission on January 24, 2022, and, the City Council on February 15, 2022. These meetings were publicized by the provision of legally required publication. The City Council and the Planning Commission received and considered written and oral evidence at each of the public hearings on the proposed draft housing element. For the revised Housing Element, the City posted the document on City's website and notified all individuals and organizations that previously requested notice and/or previously commented on the Housing Element, and therefore, the City is in compliance with the requirements of the State law.
SECTION 4. After HCD issued its findings letter on April 18, 2023, the City updated its Housing Element to address HCD comments. On May 10, 2023, the City posted its revised draft Housing Element on its website for a seven-day public review period. On May 19, 2023, the revised draft Housing Element was submitted to HCD for review. On July 5, 2023, after holding a technical assistance meeting with HCD, the City submitted supplemental information on its revised draft Housing Element to HCD. On July 11, 2023, HCD notified the City the revised Housing Element is in substantial compliance with the State Housing Element Law. The City Council has reviewed and considered the Planning Commission’s recommendation, HCD comments, staff recommendations, public testimony, correspondence, and reports thereon, and makes the following findings and facts:
Ordinance No. 740
a. The amendment is consistent with the goals and policies of the City’s General Plan. The Housing Element is a State-mandated Element of the City of Cudahy’s General Plan. California law requires that the Housing Element be updated every eight years to adequately plan for the City’s housing needs. As such, the revised Housing Element is consistent with the goals and policies of the General Plan. b. The amendment will not adversely affect surrounding properties. The Housing Element does not approve of any physical development and as such thus would not adversely affect any properties.
c. The amendment promotes public health, safety, and general welfare. Adoption of the Housing Element will promote health, safety, and welfare by preserving housing that is affordable to extremely low, very low, and low- and moderateincome households; encouraging variety in housing types, sizes, costs, and tenure; establishing programs to ensure that most new development incorporates affordable housing; establishing incentives to encourage and help defray the costs of affordable housing development; affirmatively furthering fair housing opportunities; and by setting quantified objectives for housing production, rehabilitation, preservation and conservation.
d. The amendment serves the goals and policies of the zoning code. The amendment does not approve any physical development. Future developments will be required to demonstrate compliance with the goals and policies of the zoning code.
e. The amendment is consistent with the portions of the County of Los Angeles Hazardous Waste Management Plan relating to siting, and siting criteria, for hazardous facilities. The amendment does not approve any physical development.
Future developments will be required to demonstrate compliance with plan. f. The revised Housing Element identifies sites that may accommodate the City’s RHNA. Consistent with provisions of California Government Code Section 65583 (b), the City has evaluated its ability to accommodate its 393 new housing units by 2029 and has adopted quantified objectives (Housing Programs) that reach the RHNA allocation within the 6th Cycle.
g. The Housing Element Guidelines adopted by HCD pursuant to Section 50459 of the Health and Safety Code find that the housing goals, objectives, and policies stated in the revised Housing Element are appropriate for the City and will contribute to the attainment of the state's housing goals. The City Council further finds that the adoption of the revised Housing Element will aid the City's efforts in the development of housing for all members of the community and that the Housing Element reflects the requirements of Government Code Section 65583 (b).
h. In adopting this resolution, the City Council authorizes the Community Development Director to make non-substantive revisions to the City’s Housing Element as may be
Ordinance No. 740
required to achieve certification by HCD.
SECTION 5. The Project has been assessed in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines and the environmental regulations of the City. The Project was assessed under an addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR (SCH#2017071071) for the Housing Element Update. Although the proposed project is intended to encourage and facilitate the development of housing through the 2021- 2029 planning period, specific future projects are subject to the regulation of the General Plan, performance standards, and permitting processes of the City's Municipal Code, including the Planning and Zoning regulations, CEQA review of each proposed project, and all mitigation measures contained in applicable CEQA documents. Furthermore, under CEQA Guidelines Section 15282(s) and 15061, adoption of the Housing Element is exempt from the requirements to prepare additional environmental documentation per CEQA.
SECTION 6. Now, therefore, be it resolved that the City Council has reviewed and recommends adoption of General Plan Amendment No. 21-01 to amend and re-adopt the City’s 6th Cycle Housing Element.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Cudahy at a duly noticed regular meeting held on the 15th day of August 2023 by the following vote:
_______________________
Daisy Lomelí
Mayor
ATTEST:
______________________
Richard Iglesias
City Clerk
Ordinance No. 740
EXHIBIT A
2021-2029 City of Cudahy Housing Element
[See attachment D of the Staff Report]
ORDINANCE NO. 718
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CUDAHY APPROVING GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT 21-
01, THE 2021- 2029 6
th CYCLE HOUSING ELEMENT, AND
APPROVING AN ADDENDUM TO THE CUDAHY
GENERAL PLAN 2040 EIR (SCH#2017071071) FOR THE
DRAFT HOUSING ELEMENT.
WHEREAS, California Government Code Sections 65580-65589.9 require cities to prepare a Housing Element as a component of each city's General Plan and to revise it regularly on a schedule set forth in the law; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Department initiated an amendment to the Housing Element of the General Plan and prepared proposed revisions to the Housing Element for the 2021-2029 planning Period (6th Cycle Housing Element (2021-2029)), which replaces the Housing Element that was last adopted in 2013 (5th Cycle) and updated in 2018 as part of the General Plan 2040 Update; and
WHEREAS, the 6
th Cycle Housing Element (2021-2029) sets forth the housing policies for the City, facilitated the preservation and development of housing, and established programs to accommodate the City's share of the regional housing need in Southern California; and WHEREAS, the City of Cudahy has been assigned an allocation of 393 new housing units as its share of the 6th cycle of the RHNA in Southern California compared to the 318 housing units as its share of the 5
th cycle of the regional housing need assessment (RHNA), and;
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission of the City of Cudahy held a public hearing on the proposed 2021 Draft Housing Element on January 24, 2022 and recommended approval of the project and the addendum to General Plan 2040 Environmental Impact Report (EIR); ar,d WHEREAS, this matter was duly posted and set for public hearing for the February 15, 2022 City Council meeting at 6:00 P.M. consistent with the City of Cudahy's Zoning Ordinance procedures for General Plan Amendments, and the addendum.
NOW THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Cudahy hereby resolves:
SECTION 1. Government Code Section 65583 states that a Housing Element is a mandatory element of the General Plan and shall consist of an identification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs and a statement of goals, policies, quantified objective, financial resources, and schedule of programs for the preservation, improvement, and development of housing.
SECTION 2. The proposed General Plan Amendment is necessary to update the Hn•ising Element to reflect the adequate sites for housing, including rental housing, factory-built housing, and mobile homes, and shall make adequate provisions for the existing and projected needs of all economic segments of the community.
Attachment B Page 50 of 451
SECTION 3. The City has submitted the proposed housing element to other public agencies for review as follows:
a. The draft housing element was submitted to the state Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for review on October 15, 2021, pursuant to Government Code Section 65585 (b). HCD's comments on the draft were received by the city in the form of a letter dated December 13, 2021. City staff reviewed those comments, and the draft housing element has been amended in response to those comments.
b. The Planning Commission held a duly noticed public hearing on the draft Housing Element of January 24, 2022, and recommended approval of the draft Housing Element and the GPEIR Addendum to the City Council.
SECTION 4. The City of Cudahy, in accordance with Section 65351 of the California Government Code, facilitated public participation in the preparation of the draft housing element by conducting Town Hall meetings in August 2021, noticed public hearings before the Planning Commission on January 24, 2022, and, the City Council on February 15, 2022. These meetings were publicized by the provision of legally required publication. The City Council and the Planning Commission received and considered written and oral evidence at each of the public hearings on the proposed draft housing element.
SECTION 5. The City Council has reviewed the Housing Element Guidelines adopted by HCD pursuant to Section 50459 of the Health and Safety Code and finds that the housing goals, objectives, and policies stated in the revised Housing Element are appropriate for the City of Cudahy and will contribute to the attainment of the state's housing goals. The City Council further finds that the adoption of the revised Housing Element will aid the City's efforts in the development of housing for all members of the community and that the Housing Element reflects the requirements of Government Code Section 65583 (b). The revised Housing Element has been amended to reflect the comments of the State Department of Housing and Community Development.
SECTION 6. The City Council, after considering the comments of the HCD to the 2021 Draft Housing Element, the Planning Commission's recommendation, staff recommendations, public testimony, correspondence, and reports thereon, makes the following findings:
a. The housing element update is consistent with all elements of the General Plan. b. The update will promote health, safety, and welfare by: preserving housing that is affordable to extremely low, very low, and low- and moderate income households; encouraging variety in housing types, sizes, costs, and tenure; establishing programs to ensure that most new development incorporates affordable housing; establishing incentives to encourage and help defray the costs of affordable housing development; affirmatively furthering fair housing opportunities; and by setting quantified objectives for housing production, rehabilitation, preservation and conservation. c. Consistent with provisions of California Government Code Section 65583 (b), the City of Cudahy ha evaluated its ability to accommodate its RHNA number by 2021 and has adopted quantified objectives that reach the RHNA allocation within the planning period.
SECTION 7. The Project has been environmentally reviewed pursuant to the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq. (CEQA)), the State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Sections 15000, et seq.), the requested entitlements have been noticed and posted according to CEQA JJ, oject guidelines.
Cudahy has prepared an addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR for the Housing Element Update which is a policy level document that is consistent with existing City of Cudahy's General Plan land use designation and densities. Although the proposed project is intended to encourage and facilitate the development of housing through the 2021-2029 planning period, specific future projects are subject to regulation of the General Plan, performance standards and permitting processes of the City's Municipal Code, including the Planning and Zoning regulations, CEQA review of each proposed project, and all mitigation measures contained in applicable CEQA documents. Furthermore, although the Housing Element Update includes programs that commit the City to future amendments to the Planning and Zoning· regulations, these future amendments are currently conceptual in nature. These potential future amendments to the Planning and Zoning regulations will undergo separate CEQA reviews at the time of the zoning code amendments are defined.
SECTION 8. Now, therefore, be it resolved, that the City Council adopt the 2021 Housing Element (2021-2029) to replace the 2013 Housing Element and 2018 Housing Element Update of the General Plan and approves the associated addendum to the Cudahy 2040 General Plan EIR (SCH#2017071071).
PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED THIS 1
sr DAY OF MARCH 2022.
ATTEST:
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES
CITY OF CUDAHY
CERTIFICATION
SS:
I, Richard Iglesias, City Clerk of the City of Cudahy, hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance No. 718 was introduced for a first reading on the 15th day of February, 2022 and approved for a second reading and adopted by said Council at its regular meeting held on the p t day of March 2022 by
the following vote, to-wit:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
Lomeli, Gonzalez, and Alcantar
Lozoya and Guerrero
None
None
Richard lgl i
City Clerk
STATE OF CALIFORNIA - BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION OF HOUSING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2020 W. El Camino Avenue, Suite 500
Sacramento, CA 95833
(916) 263-2911 / FAX (916) 263-7453
www.hcd.ca.gov
July 11, 2023
Salvador Lopez, Planning Manager
Department of Community Development and Planning
City of Cudahy
5220 Santa Ana Street
Cudahy, CA 90201
Dear Salvador Lopez:
RE: City of Cudahy 6th Cycle (2021-2029) Revised Draft Housing Element Thank you for submitting the City of Cudahy’s (City) revised draft housing element update that was received for review on May 19, 2023 along with revisions received on July 5, 2023. Pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (b), the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is reporting the results of its review. In addition, HCD considered comments from David Kellogg pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (c).
HCD is pleased to find the revised draft housing element meets the statutory requirements described in its April 18, 2023 review. The housing element will substantially comply with State Housing Element Law (Gov. Code, § 65580 et seq.) when it is adopted, submitted to and approved by HCD, in accordance with Government Code section 65585.
Public participation in the development, adoption and implementation of the housing element is essential to effective housing planning. Throughout the housing element process, the City must continue to engage the community, including organizations that represent lower-income and special needs households, by making information regularly available while considering and incorporating comments where appropriate. Please be aware, any revisions to the element must be posted on the local government’s website and to email a link to all individuals and organizations that have previously requested notices relating to the local government’s housing element at least seven days before submitting to HCD.
For your information, if the housing element relies upon nonvacant sites to accommodate more than 50 percent of the regional housing needs allocation (RHNA) for lower-income households, the housing element must demonstrate that the existing use is not an impediment to additional residential development in the planning period (Gov. Code, § 65583.2, subd. (g)(2).). This can be demonstrated by providing substantial evidence that the existing use is likely to be discontinued during the planning period (Gov. Code, § 65583.2, subd. (g)(2).). Absent findings (e.g., adoption resolution) Attachment C Page 54 of 451
Salvdador Lopez, Planning Manager
based on substantial evidence, the existing uses will be presumed to impede additional residential development and will not be utilized toward demonstrating adequate sites to accommodate the RHNA. The City must make these findings as part of its adoption resolution. Please see HCD’s Guidance memo (p. 27) for additional information:
https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/housing-element/housing-elementmemos/docs/sites_inventory_memo_final06102020.pdf.
Please be aware Chapter 654, Statutes of 2022 (AB 2339), adds specificity on how cities and counties plan for emergency shelters and ensure sufficient and suitable capacity. Future submittals of the housing element may need to address these statutory requirements. For additional information and timing requirements, please see HCD’s memo at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/planning-andcommunity/ab2339-notice.pdf.
As a reminder, pursuant to Government Code section 65583.3, the City must submit an electronic sites inventory with its adopted housing element. The City must utilize standards, forms, and definitions adopted by HCD. Please see HCD’s housing element webpage at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-community-development/housingelements for a copy of the form and instructions. The City can reach out to HCD at [email protected] for technical assistance.
Several federal, state, and regional funding programs consider housing element compliance as an eligibility or ranking criteria. For example, the CalTrans Senate Bill (SB) 1 Sustainable Communities grant; the Strategic Growth Council and HCD’s Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities programs; and HCD’s Permanent Local Housing Allocation consider housing element compliance and/or annual reporting requirements pursuant to Government Code section 65400. With a compliant housing element, the City will meet housing element requirements for these and other funding sources.
HCD appreciates the hard work and dedication the housing element team provided throughout the housing element review and update process. If you have any questions or need additional technical assistance, please contact Jose Armando Jauregui of our staff, at [email protected].
Sincerely,
Paul McDougall
Senior Program Manager
1 CITY OF CUDAHY
6TH CYCLE HOUSING ELEMENT
UPDATE
CITY OF CUDAHY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
5220 SANTA ANA STREET
CUDAHY, CA 90201
323.773.5143
www.Cityofcudahy.com
Attachment D Page 56 of 451
2 JUNE 2023
HOUSING ELEMENT
Amended March 20, 2018
6th Cycle Draft Amendment, October 2021
Amended July 5, 2022
Amended February 16, 2023
Amended May 8, 2023
Amended June 23, 2023
Cudahy Planning Commission Resolution No. 22-01
Cudahy City Council Ordinance No. 718
CITY COUNCIL (2023)
Daisy Lomeli, Mayor
Jose R. Gonzalez, Vice Mayor
Elizabeth Alcantar, Councilmember
Martin U. Fuentes, Councilmember
Cynthia Gonzalez, Councilmember
PLANNING COMMISSION (2023)
Richard Corvera-Hernandez, Commissioner
Patricia Covarrubias, Commissioner
Gilbert Cuevas, Commissioner
Gustavo Mendez, Commissioner
City of Cudahy
5220 Santa Ana Street
Cudahy, CA 90201
323.773.5143
www.Cityofcudahy.com
3 Table of Contents
Executive Summary ……………………………………….……………………………………………………1
1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………..………5
2. Housing Needs Assessment ……………………….……………………………………………..….14
3. Regional Housing Needs Assessments and Special Needs …………………..……….118
4. Land Inventory ………………………………………………………………………………………...…135
5. Resources and Constraints ………………………………………………………………….……….155
6. Evaluation of the Previous Housing Element ……………………………………...………194
7. Housing Goals, Policies, Programs, and Quantified Objectives ……………….…..216
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Cudahy is located in southeastern Los Angeles County and encompasses 1.2 square miles. The Los Angeles River and Interstate 710 (I-710) run in parallel along the eastern edge of the City. I-710 provides regional access to Cudahy, while locally, Atlantic Avenue serves as a popular access route. Cudahy consists predominantly of dense residential development, with retail, commercial, light industrial, and public uses found along the main streets.
Every California jurisdiction is required to include a Housing Element as part of the jurisdiction’s General Plan. Cudahy’s 6th Cycle Housing Element has a planning period of eight years from 2021 to 2029. This Housing Element is organized into seven sections:
1. Introduction
2. Housing Needs Assessment
3. Regional Housing Needs Assessment and Special Needs
4. Land Inventory
5. Resources and Constraints
6. Evaluation of Previous Housing Element
7. Housing Goals, Policies, Programs, and Quantified Objectives Following is a summary of each of the seven sections.
1. INTRODUCTION
The 6th Cycle Housing Element
The 6th Cycle Housing Element for the City of Cudahy is a required element of the City’s General Plan and is, therefore, required to be consistent with the General Plan. The 6th Cycle Housing Element covers the time period from October 15, 2021, to October 15, 2029, and includes extensive background information on community demographics, including population, employment and households, current housing, as well as updated policies, programs, and ‘quantified objectives’ to guide the City’s development through 2029. State Law requires that the Element include the following components:
• An analysis of the City’s population, household, and employment base, and the characteristics of the housing stock.
• A summary of the present and projected housing needs of the City’s households. • A review of potential constraints to meeting the City’s identified housing needs. • An evaluation of opportunities that will further the development of new housing. • A Community Outreach Plan.
• A Statement of the Housing Plan to address identified housing needs • An analysis on Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
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Also, this is the first Housing Element Cycle to implement the requirements of Assembly Bill 686 (AB 686), Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH). As of January 1, 2019, AB 686 extends the obligation to affirmatively further fair housing to all public agencies in the State of California.
Affirmatively furthering fair housing means taking meaningful actions to combat discrimination that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.
This Housing Element Must Address
(1) Significant discrepancies in housing needs and in access to opportunities. (2) Replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns. (3) Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAP) into areas of opportunity.
(4) Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.
Housing Element Review and Comment
The Housing Element was made available for review and comment at all City facilities, including City Hall, the Senior Center, Parks and Recreation Facilities, during workshops and public hearings, and on the City’s website.
August 1, 2021 Planning Commission Workshop
October 10, 2021 Draft Element was made available for review (no comments were received)
January 14-February 15, 2022 Public Comment Review Period January 24, 2022 Planning Commission Public Hearing of the Draft Element February 15, 2022 City Council Public Hearing of the Draft Element May 23, 2022 Revised Draft submitted to HCD
February 7, 2023 City Council Public Hearing of the Draft Element February 9, 2023 Housing Element published for 7-Day Public Review
2. HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
This chapter gives an overview of the City’s population and employment growth, household characteristics, and housing characteristics. It also provides an analysis of the housing affordability and a discussion of housing receiving federal, State, or local aid ‘at-risk’ of conversion due to the impeding expiration of assistance. This chapter also includes the Fair Housing Assessment.
3. REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND SPECIAL NEEDS
The first part of this chapter outlines the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process which is maintained by the State. Through this process, each jurisdiction is given a set of numbers
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presenting housing units for each income level that the jurisdiction must help construct, rehabilitate, or conserve during the housing period from 2021 to 2029. The chapter then describes Cudahy’s share of the regional housing needs, and what has already been achieved in meeting those needs.
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4. LAND INVENTORY
This chapter assesses the housing development potential in Cudahy. The purpose is to determine the quantity of land available on suitable sites to accommodate the City’s RHNA of 393 units. The analysis indicates there are approximately 16.18 acres of vacant or underutilized land that can support 632 housing units at various income levels.
5. RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS
This chapter identifies the resources that are available to the City to meet its quantified objectives for housing, especially new construction for affordable housing; as well as government and market constraints that might hinder housing development and includes a detailed analysis of the current permitting and regulatory process. In those cases where potential governmental constraints are identified, the City has identified programs to remove and/or mitigate those constraints. Also included is an analysis for low- and moderate-income housing assistance from State and federal sources.
6. EVALUATION OF THE PREVIOUS HOUSING ELEMENT
This chapter reviews the City’s accomplishments under the 2013 Housing Element.
Comprehensive General Plan and Housing Element updates were adopted in 2018; therefore, this chapter also reviews accomplishments under the updated 2018 Housing Element.
7. HOUSING GOALS, POLICIES, PROGRAMS, AND QUANTIFIED OBJECTIVES This chapter of the Housing Element lists updated housing goals, policies, implementing programs, and quantified objectives for the City of Cudahy, responding to the assessment and update of the 2013-2021 and updated 2018 Housing Elements as well as key issues, trends, opportunities, and constraints outlined in the Housing Needs Analysis and the assessment of Resources and Constraints.
The following seven goal areas have been defined in the Housing Element:
Goals
• Housing Element Goal 1: The City of Cudahy will improve the housing supply and the choice of housing opportunities through private investment and, where necessary, through public action and financing.
• Housing Element Goal 2: The City of Cudahy will promote affordable housing and shelter for all economic segments of the community.
• Housing Element Goal 3: The City of Cudahy will support and provide incentives for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock.
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• Housing Element Goal 4: The City of Cudahy will encourage development of a viable urban community consistent with orderly growth and environmental conservation to provide suitable living environments, with access to employment, community facilities, and services.
• Housing Element Goal 5: The City of Cudahy will foster opportunities for Cudahy residents to become homeowners.
• Housing Element Goal 6: The City of Cudahy will promote equal access and opportunity to housing regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, or color.
• Housing Element Goal 7: The City of Cudahy will foster and maintain compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws.
For each goal, a series of policies are defined, with implementing programs for each policy, as appropriate.
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1 Introduction
1.1 WHAT IS A HOUSING ELEMENT?
The Housing Element is one of the seven required elements of the General Plan. State Housing Element law, enacted in 1969, mandates that local governments adequately plan to meet the existing and projected housing needs of all segments of the population. It requires that the Housing Element be consistent with all parts of the General Plan and be closely related to the Land Use Element, which specifies land within the jurisdiction that can be utilized for housing development. The law acknowledges that, for the private market to adequately address housing needs and demands, local governments must adopt plans and regulatory systems, which support housing developments. As a result, the successful growth of a community rests largely upon the implementation of local general plans, and in particular, the Housing Element.
The 6th Cycle Housing Element has a planning period of 8 years. It is programmatic in focus and is required to meet specific requirements set by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD).
The Housing Element of the Cudahy General Plan addresses the housing needs of the City. The primary focus of the Housing Element is to encourage the provision of suitable housing for City residents and to protect the vitality of existing residential neighborhoods. The goals and policies of the Cudahy Housing Element address the following issues:
(a) the promotion of new housing development,
(b) the maintenance and improvement of existing housing unit, (c) and identifying and addressing housing discrimination.
Through its housing program, the City will improve the quality of existing housing and encourage the production of new housing types to meet residents' needs.
Cudahy is primarily a residential community, with most of the City zoned residential with varying maximum densities. These designations are:
§ Low Density Residential Zone (LDR) – 15 du/acre
§ Medium Density Residential (MDR) – 25 du/acre
§ High Density Residential (HDR) – 40 du/acre
There is also a large number of mobile home parks in the City, which the City is committed to improve and maintain with continued partnership with the State.
The City spans just over 1 square mile and with a population density of 19,729 people per square mile, Cudahy is 10th in the Nation, and 2nd in California as the most densely populated City. The Housing Element examines the housing problems of the City and seeks to provide solutions to
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improve future housing conditions.
The average household income in Cudahy is $55,752 with a poverty rate 26.16%. The median rental cost is $1,306 per month, and median house value $420,700.
This Housing Element is designed to address key housing issues in the City. These issues include:
(a) The need to maintain and rehabilitate the existing housing stock. (b) Development of new housing to relieve overcrowding and housing cost. (c) The maintenance of affordable housing for low-income households, special needs households and overpaying households.
The City is continuously seeking to meet the housing needs of its residents and to accommodate its share of regional housing. This will accomplish both state and local housing goals.
The Housing Element fulfills the requirements of the State Planning and Zoning Law and the regulations of Section 65580-65589.5 of the California Government Code. State law is very specific on the content of the Housing Element and makes it clear that the provision of affordable housing is the responsibility of all local governments. It expects the City to have its fair share in the development of regional housing needs and to contribute to the attainment of State housing goals.
1.2 FREQUENCY OF REVIEW AND UPDATE
The process of updating Housing Elements is triggered by HCD through the “regional housing needs” process. The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process is a State mandate on planning for housing, whereby each jurisdiction in the State is given “fair share” of local housing needs according to income distribution.
The current Housing Element will serve the planning period beginning October 15, 2021, to October 15, 2029. This is an eight-year period to coincide with the RHNA process.
1.3 HOUSING ELEMENT CONTENTS
The Housing Element is required by State law to include:
• An assessment of existing housing needs, with an analysis of housing affordability, conditions, special needs, and affordable units at-risk of converting to market-rate as well as projected needs as laid out in the RHNA.
• A detailed sites inventory and analysis that evaluates the jurisdiction’s ability to accommodate its RHNA.
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• An analysis of constraints on housing in the jurisdiction. • Housing programs that identify adequate sites to accommodate the City’s share of the regional housing need; assisting in the development of housing for very low- and lowincome households; removing or mitigating governmental constraints to affordable housing; conserving and improving the existing affordable housing stock; promoting equal housing opportunity; and preserving the at-risk units identified. • Quantified objectives that estimate the number of units, by income level, to be constructed, rehabilitated, and conserved over the planning period of the element.
1.4 RELATIONSHIP TO GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS
The current Cudahy 2040 General Plan was adopted in March 2018 and established a long-range plan. The plan includes the elements required by State law: Land Use, Circulation, Safety, and Noise (the Cudahy General Plan combined Open Space and Conservation into one heading). The City’s General Plan incorporates the Housing Element as a separate document, included Economic Development and Air Quality Elements, and took a holistic approach to Environmental Justice. All of Cudahy is considered by the State of California to be a disadvantaged community. As a result, environmental justice was considered at every level of the General Plan. Like Environmental Justice, Sustainability was also integrated into every Element.
This Housing Element is an update to the Housing Element adopted by the City in 2018.
Between 2016 - 2018, the City of Cudahy undertook a comprehensive General Plan update. New General Plan Land Use designations were developed, allowing higher densities in residential areas, and identifying new areas for mixed-use development with higher residential densities.
The City completed a concurrent Development Code and Zoning Map update to provide zoning districts consistent with the new General Plan. This focused Housing Element amendment identifies sites to meet the existing RHNA, with consistently higher densities allowed, and replaces sites identified in the original 2013 and the updated 2018 Housing Element that were no longer available due to rezoning.
The Housing Element of the General Plan is one component of the City's overall long-range planning strategy. The California Government Code requires that the General Plan contain an integrated, consistent set of goals and policies. The Housing Element is, therefore, affected by policies contained in other elements of the General Plan.
As stated earlier, Cudahy is primarily a residential community where most of the zoning is higher density residential. Cudahy is one of the most densely populated cities in the region. The Housing
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Element examines the housing problems of the City and seeks to provide solutions to improve future housing conditions.
This Element has been developed in accordance with the current Land Use Plan. All goals and policies in the General Plan were also reviewed concurrently to ensure consistency between the Elements.
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1.5 INFORMATION SOURCES
The information presented in this Housing Element is gathered from a variety of sources. The primary source of information used in the compilation of demographic, housing, and socioeconomic information for Cudahy includes data collected by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Several other sources were also consulted during the preparation of this analysis, with the key sources being the State Department Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the State Department of Finance (DOF), and the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and the American Community Survey (ACS). SCAG is mandated under State law to prepare population, housing, and employment projections that are to be used in the development of the region’s Growth Management Plan. These projections were used in the determination of the City’s regional housing needs assessment (RHNA).
Various other sources (both private and public) were also used. Wherever possible, data from the City and County were used to facilitate an understanding of local needs and conditions.
1.6 PUBLIC OUTREACH
The 6th Cycle Housing Element was prepared during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the beginning of 2020 through 2021, most offices, schools, places of worship, places of social gathering, retail stores, restaurants, government offices and religious and educational institutions were either closed or operated remotely and/or with limited staff.
As a result of government and health regulations regarding social distancing and closures of government establishments and other facilities, gathering information from City staff and members of the community as required by the California Housing Element Law has been a challenge. Interacting with City staff to obtain information has also been restricted. However, through it all, the City of Cudahy has been able to proceed with community outreach efforts through a series of community surveys in English and Spanish, Planning Commission Workshop, focused stakeholder interviews and other outreach efforts designed to measure the effectiveness of the existing 5th Cycle Housing Element while serving as potential foundation for the 6th Cycle policies, goals, and objectives.
Los Angeles County in general, and specifically cities within the gateway communities, experienced more disruption in services than any other county or counties in the State. For example, Los Angeles County reported 1.43 million cases of COVID-19 and 25,530 deaths. In comparison, San Diego County reported 3,942 deaths, Riverside County reported 4,826 deaths, San Bernardino County reported 5,439 deaths, and Orange County reported 5,312 deaths. The number of deaths in these counties did not equal the deaths in Los Angeles County alone. By contrast, Santa Barbara County reported only 494 deaths, and Sonoma County reported 368 deaths.
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Community Outreach
The Housing Element was prepared with public outreach and participation to the extent permissible under the restrictions of COVID-19. To ensure the broadest community involvement, particularly among low-income and special needs groups, the City used several strategies, including:
• On August 1, 2021, the City conducted a Planning Commission workshop via Zoom to inform members of the Commission and the general public of the housing element process, receive input, and to inform of the AB 686 requirements. • An article was included in the August edition of the City’s monthly newsletter providing information on what is a Housing Element, how the community can participate in the preparation of the Element, and the process including public workshop and public hearings.
• On August 26, 2021, a focused stakeholder interview consisting of 11 members of the Cudahy community who were either land developers, community activists, residents, and business owners, was conducted via Zoom. The participants ranged from the owner of a bakery, a residential developer, a representative from the East Yard Communities for Economic Justice to a school principal and an executive from a utility company. • A Community Outreach survey prepared in English and Spanish, and made available over a period of 60 days, between July 14, 2021, and September 14, 2021, was distributed and broadcast over several social media outlets, including a dedicated website specifically for the Housing Element Update, was made available to everyone. There was a total of 52 respondents.
• A Community Outreach survey prepared in English and Spanish, and made available over a period of two months, between June 15, 2021 and August 16, 2021. The survey questions were specifically related to the potential adoption of an Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. There were a total of 32 respondents.
• Information on the Housing Element update was made available at all City facilities, including City Hall, Senior Center, Parks and Recreation, as well as on the City’s website. • Planning Commission meeting of January 24, 2022 – Minutes and Zoom meeting recording of this meeting are available on the City’s website and from the City Clerk’s office upon request.
• City Council meeting of February 15, 2022 – Minutes of the meeting and Zoom meeting recording of this meeting are available on the City’s website and from the City Clerk’s office upon request.
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• City Council meeting of March 1, 2022 – Minutes of the meeting and Zoom meeting recording of this meeting are available on the City’s website and from the City Clerk’s office upon request.
• City Council meeting of February 7, 2023 – Minutes of the meeting and Zoom meeting recording of this meeting are available on the City’s website and from the City Clerk’s office upon request.
• Seven-day public review period beginning February 9th – The 3rd draft of the Housing Element was posted on the City’s website and the City’s social media. The Planning Department requested feedback from the public.
The City maintains a distribution list of stakeholder organizations, interested private citizens and public agencies, posts public information on the City’s website and at the physical location of the meetings, and issues press releases. The venues for the public meetings were ADA accessible and served by public transportation. The City also advertised meetings, public hearings, and availability of the Housing Element in the City’s monthly newsletter.
Community Input Received
The Housing Element Community Survey was conducted to engage the community at the beginning of the Housing Element update process, to provide input, and to be a part of the preparation of the update. The questions were formulated to get an understanding of who was participating in the survey, identification of the housing issues facing the City, and options to address the housing issues. Interested parties could complete the Survey online, at the City’s website. To further efforts to reach as many citizens as possible, survey fliers were provided at all City facilities including: the Senior Center, City Hall, Parks and Recreation facilities, National Night Out, and Food Distribution events. Following are many of the responses received from the Survey participants:
• Providing more affordable housing
• Address the homelessness issue
• Most respondents were favorable toward gentrification if the City provides existing residents with first right of refusal for existing residents • Utilizing existing properties in the City that are currently under-utilized or vacant for more housing unit opportunities
• Concerns over the City’s residential height restrictions which prevent the development of more high rises with higher densities
• Concern with parking in the City
• A reduction in the size of units required by the City would allow developers to build more affordable units.
• The use of density bonus to encourage development of more affordable housing
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• Provision of permanent shelters for the homeless
• The City should investigate making more of its resident homeowners rather than renters • The City’s current rents are too high
• Residential properties are not being kept up
• Provide diverse housing opportunities
The comments received at the Planning Commission and City Council public hearings, centered around the perceived inability of the City to meet its Regional Housing Needs Assessment allocation of 393 housing units for the 6th Cycle. One City Council member opined that the Housing Element did not do a good enough job to push back on the City’s inability to comply with the RHNA numbers because of the City’s land size, the existing number of housing units, the City’s residential density, the City’s population, and the lack of adequate space to develop new housing units without displacing existing units. Concerns were also registered about the lack of available parking and open space in the community, while other officials expressed understanding of the City’s need to do its part, and spoke in favor of the rental increase moratorium temporarily adopted by the City.
See Attachment 1 Community Survey for the complete survey including questions and responses.
Public comment on Cudahy’s Housing Element was sent to HCD on November 18, 2022 from David Kellogg (a Contra Costa County resident), 350 Contra Costa, Greenbelt Alliance, CaRLA, Scott O’Neil (a resident of Palo Alto), Watson Ladd (a resident of Berkeley), Marven Normal (a resident of San Bernadino), Dara Dadachanji (a resident of San Francisco), and George Grohwin (a resident of San Francisco). In their comment letter this alliance raised the issue of Cudahy’s non-compliance with the State’s Public Resources Code 21080.1 and 21080.2. The alliance requested the City examine Public Resources Code 21080.1 and 21080.2 in comparison to the City’s municipal code. In addition, the alliance requested a new program be included within the City’s Housing Element to address this non-compliance. See the following section along with the Chapter 5 (Constraints) for more information.
Incorporation of Community Input Received for the Housing Element
The City understands the concerns residents have regarding housing in Cudahy. The City has been able to address these concerns within this Housing Element, through several programs the City is continuing and adding.
Generally, residents expressed a great need for affordable housing in Cudahy as well as a concern regarding high rental prices being charged by landlords. This Element includes several programs addressing the production of affordable housing in the City. Through Program 28 (Implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program), the City shall begin implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program to include a requirement that all residential and mixed-use projects throughout the City with a residential component include affordable housing units. With Program 5 (Affordable Housing Incentives), the City commits to encouraging the development of
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affordable housing units in Cudahy. The City will accomplish this by conducting outreach to developers (both market rate and affordable), streamlining the permit process to low-income and senior housing projects, streamlining environmental review for eligible Inclusionary Housing projects, providing technical assistance to affordable housing developers, and providing developers with a list of affordable housing financing sources. In Program 30 (Rent Control Ad Hoc Committee), a Committee of the City Council will study adoption of rent stabilization and tenant protection ordinances for the City of Cudahy. The City has currently enacted a rent increase moratorium on multifamily housing, through April 2023 to give the Rent Control Ad Hoc Committee time to complete its study and for the City Council to take appropriate action.
A series of programs in this Housing Element address the need to rehabilitate housing. Through Program 8 (Housing Maintenance and Conservation) of the City will continue the program for the maintenance and conservation of the existing housing stock through the sixth cycle. Program 8 specifically targets the conservation of older housing units which are in good condition to maintain the units as affordable housing options. Through Program 13 (Code Enforcement) the City shall continue code enforcement each year of the sixth cycle, focusing on property maintenance, substandard units, and illegal garage conversions. Program 23 (Housing Conditions Survey) of this Element shall conduct an annual survey starting in 2023 to identify the number of units in need to rehabilitation and replacement. Lastly, the Element’s Program 31 (First Time Homebuyers) will promote homeownership in the City, which should improve conditions of housing in Cudahy as owner occupied units are more likely to well-maintained as owners wish to maintain the value of their investment. The lack of homeownership opportunities in the City was cited as another concern of residents.
Residents also identified homelessness in the City as a key concern. This Element includes several programs addressing homelessness. Through Program 9 (Hotel and Motel Resources) the City shall preserve 160 hotel and motel rooms as an emergency housing resource for homeless residents. To encourage the use of hotels by "homeless" individuals, the City continuously works with hotel managers on making rooms available for emergency/transitional housing and makes community service agencies in the area aware of the facilities. With Program 11 (Emergency, Transitional, and Supportive Housing) the City is committed to prioritizing funding and other available incentives for projects that provide housing for homeless and extremely low-income residents whenever possible. Through Program 24 (Low Barrier Navigation Centers) the City shall review the City’s mixed use and non-residential zones that permit multifamily residential uses and amend the permitted uses sections of the appropriate zone districts to include low barrier navigation centers, in compliance with statutory requirements. Lastly, Program 17 (Food Distribution) and Program 18 (Homeless Assistance) both provide City assistance to homeless residents in the form of free meals and referrals to service providers. Additionally, through Program 27, the City commits to permitting transitional and supportive housing by right in all residential zones.
Residents also cited the need to redevelop existing properties in the City that are currently underutilized or vacant for more housing unit opportunities. A review of this element’s land inventory
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(Section 4) reveals that this element’s site inventory claims many underutilized and vacant sites as sites for future housing development. In some cases, these underutilized sites are identified as sites for incremental development, or development of a few more housing units on a site. In other cases, these underutilized sites have been identified as sites which are likely to be completely demolished and rebuilt at a higher residential density.
During outreach residents cited residential parking requirements in the City. Throughs site planning studies and studies of development standards, the City found it necessary to commit to reducing the residential guest parking requirement down to 0.25 space per unit in Program 27.
The rest of the residential parking ratios are being left as they are stated in the current code.
As for raising the height limit, through site planning studies and studies of development standards the City did not find the current code’s height limits to be a limitation for residential development. The City did not find minimum unit sizes to be an issue during the several studies conducted during this Housing Element process, instead recognizing that they help Cudahy accommodate its very high average household sizes.
In response to the comment letter sent to HCD on November 18, 2022, the City commits within Program 27 to updating the zoning code to specify what party is responsible for making the CEQA determination of PRC 21080.1, specify that the decision will be made within the timeframe permitted by PRC 21080.2, and that specify that when the party determines a project is exempt from CEQA, their determination triggers the Permit Streamlining Act (PSA) 60-day deadline.
1.7 REVIEWS BY STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
State law requires every updated Housing Element be submitted to the State of California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) to ensure compliance with the State’s minimum requirements.
Housing Elements are submitted to HCD for review and comment: during development of the Housing Element (in draft form), and again after adoption of the Housing Element by the local jurisdiction. The first period requires 60 days and must take place prior to adoption deadline. The second review requires 90 days and takes place after the adoption deadline. It is after the second review that written findings regarding compliance are submitted to the local government.
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2 Housing Needs Assessment
2.1 POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS The type and amount of housing needed in a community is largely determined by population growth and various demographic variables. Factors such as population and population trends, ethnicity, education, household size and housing stock, specialized housing needs, can be used to analyze the effectiveness of existing housing policies and provide a general direction and focus for future housing initiatives.
Population
Population and Population Trends
The City experienced a slight increase in population from 1990 to 2000. However, from 2000 to 2010 the City experienced a decrease in population and experienced another decrease between 2010 and 2020. The population trend between 2000 and 2010 and again between 2010 and 2020 raises some concern for the City if the trend continues. The 1992 Housing Element assumed that growth in the coming decade would be similar to the increase experienced from 1970 to 1980 (5.8%) and the resulting population projection included in the earlier housing element projected a population of 24,140 in the year 2000, which was quite close to the actual 2000 population of 24,208 identified in the US Census for that year. A slight reduction in population in recent years may be due to the growing cost of housing in the City, the lack of “affordable” housing based on the City’s socioeconomic data, new migration trends, and the inability to balance housing cost with lifestyle in the City. Table 2.1 identifies these population trends from 1990 to 2020.
Table 2.1
City of Cudahy Population Growth Trends 1990-2020
Year Population Numerical
Change
Percent Change Average Annual
Growth Rate
1990 22,817
2000 24,208 1,391
2010 23,895 -313
2020 22,811 -1,084
Source: US Census
Comparing the City’s population over time to neighboring cities shows not only the growth patterns of each City but also allows for a regional analysis of population growth and trends.
Table 2.2 compares population growth in the City of Cudahy with the surrounding cities of South Gate, Huntington Park, Bell Gardens, and Bell. Between 2000 and 2010, Cudahy and the
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surrounding four cities all experienced decreases in population. However, between 2010 and 2020 only Cudahy had a decrease in population while the surrounding four cities saw small increases.
Table 2.2
Neighboring Cities Population Trends
City 2000 2010 2020 Change
2000-2010
Change
2010-2020
Cudahy 24,208 23,805 22,811 -8.0% -6.4%
South Gate 96,375 94,396 97,003 -2.1% 2.8%
Huntington Park 61,348 58,411 59,515 -5.3% 2.4%
Bell Gardens 44,054 42,072 42,449 -4.5% 0.9%
Bell 36,664 35,477 36,531 -3.2% 2.3%
Source: US Census, CA Department of Finance
According to US Census, American Community Survey data the median age of City residents was
26.0 in 2010 and 29.1 in 2020. Table 2.3 provides a comparison of Cudahy’s population by age for 2010 and 2020. of age for the County.
Table 2.3
City of Cudahy Population by Age
Age 2010 2020
Group (years) Number Percent Number Percent
Under 5 2,182 9.2 1,868 7.9
5-9 2,241 9.4 1,768 7.5
10-14 2,408 10.1 2,398 10.2
15-19 2,399 10.1 2,137 9.1
20-24 1,953 8.2 1,944 8.2
25-29 1,886 7.9 2,005 8.5
30-34 1,832 7.7 1,736 7.4
35-39 1,791 7.5 1,526 6.5
40-44 1,770 7.4 1,580 6.7
45-49 1,414 5.9 1,646 7.0
50-54 1,178 4.9 1,293 5.5
55-59 841 3.5 1,321 5.6
60-64 688 2.9 633 2.7
65-69 465 2.0 694 2.9
70-74 296 1.2 426 1.8
75-79 206 .9 316 1.3
80-84 155 .7 86 .4
85+ 100 .4 229 1.0
Median Age 26.0 29.1
Source: US Census, American Community Survey
21 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
As identified in Table 2.4 Cudahy and the neighboring four cities have very similar age profiles.
In 2018 the Cudahy had the highest percentage of residents under 18 years of age and the lowest percentage of residents over 65 years of age than its neighboring cities.
Table 2.4
Neighboring Cities Age Distribution (2018)
City Median
Age
Under 18
Years
% of Total 18-64
Years
% of Total 65+
Years
% of Total
Cudahy 29.1 7,571 31.5 16,455 68.5 1,658 6.9
South Gate 31.6 23,376 27.7 59,957 63.0 8,770 9.2
Huntington
Park
30.7 16,619 28.3 37,230 63.4 4,845 8.3
Bell
Gardens
29.1 13,153 30.8 26,329 61.7 3,159 7.4
Bell 30.5 10,232 28.6 25,577 71.4 2,979 8.3
Source: US Census, American Community Survey
Ethnicity
The United States 2020 Census summarizes the race and ethnicity for the City's population.
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin make up 95.2% of the community, with 3.1% White (nonHispanic), 0.7% Black, and less than 1% Asian or Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. Of the City’s 22,811 residents, 42.9% are foreign born, and 91.7% speak a language other than English at home.
Education
The City of Cudahy is served by the Los Angeles Unified School District. According to the 2020 Census, 54.3% of Cudahy’s residents aged 25 years and older are a high school graduate or higher.
Table 2.5 provides educational attainment by age category.
Table 2.5
Age by Educational Attainment 2020
Age
Group
(years)
Less than a
high school
graduate*
High School
Graduate
Bachelor’s
Degree or
Higher
18-24 355 1,108 83
25-34 3,021 348
35-44 1,783 143
45-64 2,180 368
65+ 344 96
*Data unavailable for other age groups.
Source: US Census, American Community Survey
22 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Compared with the Los Angeles County and surrounding four cities’ populations, Cudahy’s residents are younger, and many do not seek further education after high school. Generally, this means that residents may not have the same opportunity to obtain higher-paying jobs and invest in their community through either business or property ownership. In 2022 the City adopted the Inclusionary Housing Program which requires affordable housing with each residential and mixed-use with residential component project. The Program includes both rental and homeownership housing. Also, in 2022 the City initiated preparation of the Economic Development Strategic Plan to identify opportunities for business development and employment in the City. Program 28 Implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program and Economic Development Strategic Plan further the City’s commitment to the provision of affordable housing and housing opportunities. Additionally, this Element includes Program 31 (First Time Homebuyers) which will identify and implement strategies to increase Cudahy renters’ access to homeownership opportunities in the City. Increasing the number of owner occupied housing units in the City will benefit the City’s schools, as residents will commit to their children attending local schools from kindergarten through 12th grade. A more consistent student population will bring more stability and long-term support to the local educational system.
Specialized Housing Needs
According to the US Census American Community Survey data, 27.7 percent of Cudahy’s households are experiencing poverty, compared to 7.9 percent of households in the SCAG region.
Poverty thresholds, as defined by the American Community Survey vary by household type. In 2020, in the United States, the poverty threshold for a single person under 65 years of age was an annual income of $12,760.00. The threshold for a family group of four, including two children, was $26,200.00.
Overcrowding
The average household size in the City has increased over the years largely due to several trends including increasing family size, shared living space to reduce cost, increasing cost of living, and overcrowding due to lack of available, affordable housing. In fact, the lack of affordable housing for the residents of Cudahy is cited at the top of their housing challenges.
According to data from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), Cudahy’s most commonly occurring household size is 5 persons per household (24.4). The most commonly occurring household size in Los Angeles County is much lower, at 2.9 people per household.
The second-most commonly occurring household size is of four people per household (21.9%).
There are also some household sizes of 7 persons and some with 1 person. Cudahy has a lower share of single-person households than the SCAG region overall (7.2% vs. 23.4%) and a higher share of 7+ person households than the SCAG region overall (5.7% vs. 3.1%)
23 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Female Headed Households
As part of the Housing Element process, State law requires analysis of specialized housing needs, including female-headed households to ensure adequate childcare or job training services. Of Cudahy's 5,601 total households, 24.5% are female-headed (compared to 14.3% in the SCAG region), 15.8% are female-headed and with children (compared to 6.6% in the SCAG region), and
1.4% are female-headed and with children under 6 (compared to 1.0% in the SCAG region).
Elderly
Statute requires analysis of specialized housing needs, including housing needs for seniors.
Federal housing data define a household type as 'elderly family' if it consists of two persons with either or both age 62 or over. Of Cudahy's 396 such households, 61.9% earn less than 30% of the surrounding area income, (compared to 24.2% in the SCAG region), 82.1% earn less than 50% of the surrounding area income (compared to 30.9% in the SCAG region). Chapter 3 includes identification of projections and quantification of projected needs for all income levels, including extremely low-income households.
2.2 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Employment types, income levels, and other factors determine the type of housing residents of the City can afford, while the unemployment rate is an indicator of the level of housing assistance needed. Employment and income levels are generally the function of regional growth or decline, which depends on factors beyond the City’s control. Employment characteristics describe those economic and market factors relevant to the maintenance of existing housing and the need to produce new housing in the City.
Employment And Unemployment
Cudahy has 10,146 workers living within its borders who work across 13 major industrial sectors.
The charts below provide detailed employment information by industry and occupation. The most prevalent industry is manufacturing with 1,773 employees (17.5% of total) and the second most prevalent industry is Education & Social Services with 1,613 employees (15.9% of total).
24 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Chart 2.1 - Employment by Industry
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates using groupings of 2-digit NAICS codes Chart 2.2 - Employment by Occupation
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates using groupings of SOC codes In addition to understanding the industries in which the residents of Cudahy work, it is also possible to analyze the types of jobs they hold. The most prevalent occupational category is Production, in which 3,251 (32% of total employees) work. The second most prevalent category is sales (21.4% of the total employees), followed by Services (20.2%). Cudahy’s numbers for production workers doubles the SCAG region number (14.6%), while its percentage of workers in Management (12.3%) is only one-third of SCAG’s (34.2%).
This trend is indicative and a symptom of the educational levels of Cudahy’s residents and the lack of employment opportunities in the City. The City and local schools provide services in Spanish, and there are immersion programs in the local schools. The City will continue to work with the local schools to continue providing these services (Program 15 Public Participation).
Recognizing the need for additional employment opportunities within the City, in 2022 the City 10 1,044
1,773
681
1,246
988
203
345
672
1,613
922
494
155
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Rrade
Retail Trade
Transportation
Information
Finance
Professional Services
Education & Social Services
Arts, Entertainment, Recreation
Other
Public Admininstration
1,250
2,047 2,172
1,426
3,251 2,616,827
1,500,551
1,743,617
675,894
1,118,977
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
Management Services Sales Natural Resources Production
Cudahy 12.3% 20.2% 21.4% 14.1% 32.0%
SCAG 34.2% 19.6% 22.8% 8.8% 14.6%
Cudahy SCAG
25 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
initiated the preparation of an Economic Development Strategic Plan. The Plan will empower the City to define its vision, mission, and values to guide the City’s planning, zoning, and economic development priorities. Components of the Plan include identifying the City’s identity, capturing quality redevelopment investment, and adopting objectives and initiatives (Program 32 Economic Development Strategic Plan and Transit Oriented Development).
Farmworkers
Statewide, farmworker housing is of unique concern and of unique importance. While only a small share of SCAG region jurisdictions has farmworkers living in them, they are essential to the region’s economy and food supply. The 2020 census identified 37 persons residing in Cudahy as employed in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors. These persons are likely to be employed in nurseries, stables, and not in traditional agricultural production. The demand for housing generated by farm workers in the City is thus estimated to be extremely low.
The Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning published a Farmworker Housing Ordinance in September 2010. The ordinance is part of a program in the Los Angeles County Housing Element which brings the County’s provisions for farmworker housing into compliance with the Employee Housing Act of the California Health and Safety Code.
The Housing Element Law requires an analysis of housing needs specific to special needs populations, including farmworkers (Government Code Section 65583 (a)(7)). In addition, the Housing Element Law requires an inventory of sites suitable for residential development, including housing for farmworkers (Government Code 65583(a)(3)). Where the sites inventory does not identify adequate sites to accommodate housing for farmworkers, the program shall provide sufficient sites to meet the need with zoning that permits farmworker housing use by right (Government Code 65583(c)(1)(C)).
The Housing Element Law also states that local jurisdictions cannot disapprove a housing development project or impose conditions that render a project infeasible for low-income individuals, including farmworkers, without providing written findings based on substantial evidence on specified provisions, including that the development project is proposed on land zoned for agriculture or resource preservation that is surrounded on at least two sides by land being used for agricultural or resource preservation purposes, or which does not have adequate water or wastewater facilities to serve the project (Government Code Section 65589.5).
In the Los Angeles County area, Antelope Valley and Santa Clarita Valley Areas include land with active agricultural uses, as well as the Santa Catalina Island Local Coastal Plan (LCP), which outlines policies that include the provision and expansion of ―support‖ (employee) housing.
With low wages and very high housing costs in Los Angeles County, farmworkers are one group among many who are designated as having a special need for affordable and appropriate housing by the State of California. The variability of seasonal changes, technological advances in
26 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
agriculture, along with increasing international market competition have led to fewer days of work per year for the County’s agricultural employees.
Los Angeles County has seen a significant decrease in agricultural workers. State EDD data (CA Employment Development Department, Industry Employment & Labor Force data for Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale March 2020) shows that between 2000 and 2020, the number of farmworkers countywide decreased by 43 percent, from 7,700 to 4,400. Agricultural practices no longer account for a significant sector of Los Angeles County’s economy, and as more agricultural land is converted for nonagricultural uses, this sector will continue to decline. Maps from the State of California Department of Conservation Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program show no farmland in the City of Cudahy. Most of the Los Angeles basin is classified as “Urban and Built-Up Land.”
The County of Los Angeles Housing Element, indicates that there are a total of 225,217 acres of farmland designated by the State of California in Los Angeles County. There are 699,846 acres of land zoned for Agriculture. Of these designated areas, none are within proximity to the City of Cudahy. Table 2.7 identifies the locations and acreages of farmland in Los Angeles County.
Table 2.7
State Designated Farmland and Agricultural Zoning in Selected Communities Unincorporated
Community
Farmland
Designated
by the
State
(acres)
% of Farmland
Designated by
the State
Zoned for
Agriculture
(acres)
% of Zoned Acres
Antelope Valley 165,142 73.33% 525,366 75.07%
Santa Clarita Valley 59,737 26.52% 114,051 16.30%
Malibu Coastal Zone 235 0.10% 47,899 6.84%
Santa Monica Mountains 103 0.05% 12,530 1.79%
Total 225,217 100.00% 699,846 100.00%
Source: Los Angeles County, Department of Regional Planning, GIS Section Housing Needs for Farmworkers
The City has no land devoted to the production of field crops and/or plant life. Likewise, there is not land used for animals. As a result, there are no farmworker jobs located in Cudahy. The 37 people identified as employed in the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors may be persons residing or “housed” in the City who are farmworkers at locations outside the City’s boundaries, or are workers employed in not traditional agricultural production. Any housed “farmworkers” who may reside in the City would live in a household and occupy a housing unit. As such, they would be among the existing households counted as part of the existing housing needs and estimates of existing and project housing needs produced b HCD and SCAG. That is, the resident
27 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
farmworker housing needs would be counted as part of the lower income households experiencing problems of overpaying, overcrowding, and living in substandard housing and their housing needs can be met through general affordable housing programs.
2.3 HOUSING CHARACTERITICS
Household type and size, income levels, and other household characteristics determine the type of housing needed by residents. This section details the various household characteristics affecting housing needs. Household characteristics provide an overview of the key socioeconomic characteristics that affect housing needs.
Housing Stock
Housing types, age, vacancy rates, conditions and other factors affecting housing stock determine if the current supply of housing is in good conditions or in adequate supply for residents. This section examines various stock characteristics that affect the living environment of Cudahy residents. Housing characteristics focuses on trends related to residential development, housing type, and housing tenure. In addition, the City’s housing stock is getting older; well over half (57.4%) of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1960, therefore, housing supply, in conjunction with affordability, may contribute to the growing household size.
According to the 2020 California Department of Finance data, there were 5,780 housing units in Cudahy. This number is an increase of 10 units (5,770) over the 2010 number. Of this total, 2,127 units (36.8%) were single detached units, 1,313 units (23.1%) were single attached units, 326 units (5.6%) were 2-4 units, and 1,574 units (27.3%) were 5 or more units. In addition, a significant number of households live in mobile home parks. A total of 420 units (7.3%) are mobile home units. Chart 2.3 identifies housing by type.
28 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Chart 2.3 - Housing Types
CA DOF E-5 Population and Housing Unit Estimates
Over the last two decades, (2000 to 2020), there has been more construction of single-family residential units than multi-family residential units in Cudahy. When comparing 2000 to 2020, Single-Family Residential (SFR) units increased by 529, Multi-Family Residential (MFR) units decreased by 298, and mobile units increased by 7. Chart 2.4 identities the City’s housing trend.
Chart 2.4 - Housing Trend
Housing Age, Condition & Overcrowding
Housing age is an important indicator of the conditions of Cudahy’s housing stock. Homes and structures weather with use and deteriorate with time. If they are not properly maintained, housing can deteriorate quickly and become eyesores or potential sources of danger. This directly affects property prices and the quality of life of City residents. A City with an older housing stock 2,127
1,333
326
1,574
420
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Single-Family
Detached
Single-Family
Attached
Multifamily, 2-4
Units
Multifamily, 5+
Units Mobile Homes
Cudahy (%) 36.8% 23.1% 5.6% 27.2% 7.3%
SCAG (%) 54.4% 7.2% 7.5% 27.3% 3.5%
Percent of Total Units
2,931
2,198
413
3,183
2,064
417
3,450
1,900
420
3,454
1,900
420
3,460
1,900
420
0 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Single-Family Residential (SFR) Multifamily Residential (MFR) Mobile Homes Housing Units
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
29 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
will have to budget more for preservation assistance, home repair costs, and energy requirements.
Examining the age of the current housing stock is one way to determine how historical development patterns have contributed to a City’s form. The time period where the highest share of the City of Cudahy’s housing units was built is 1950-1959, while in the SCAG region more were built during 1970-1979 than any other period. Chart 2.5 identifies housing units by the year built.
Chart 2.5 - Housing Units by Year Structure Built
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.
A parcel specific housing condition survey was undertaken in February 2013. During the survey, housing conditions were evaluated according to the following criteria:
Category I: Good Condition. Housing units included in this category were considered to be in a good state of repair and no repairs were warranted.
Category II: Minor Fix-Up; Paint-Up. General housing improvement needed including paint and minor repairs. Typically, improvements can be and are usually made by the property owner.
Category III: Major Repairs. This category includes major repairs such as replacement of the roof. Typically, such repairs would be performed by a contractor.
Category IV: Beyond Repair. This housing condition category applies to those structures where the cost of repair is estimated to exceed the value of the structure. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2014 &
Later
2010-
2013
2000-
2009
1990-
1999
1980-
1989
1970-
1979
1960-
1969
1950-
1959
1940-
1949
1939 &
Earlier
Cudahy (%) 0.0% 0.3% 5.2% 5.1% 8.7% 10.8% 15.5% 27.1% 18.1% 9.3% SCAG (%) 1.0% 1.5% 10.1% 9.5% 15.0% 16.3% 14.5% 15.9% 6.9% 9.3% Percent of Total Units Cudahy (%) SCAG (%)
30 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
The 2018 Housing Element update indicated that there are 5,403 housing units in the City in a good state of repair and no repairs are warranted. There are 246 units that require paint and minor repairs, 18 units that require major repairs such as roof replacement, and three units where the cost of repair is estimated to exceed the value of the unit. A summary of the 2013 Housing Conditions Survey is provided in Table 2-8.
Table 2.8
Housing Conditions Survey 2013
Category of Housing Condition Number of Houses
Category I 5,403
Category II 246
Category III 118
Category IV 3
Total 5,770
Source: City Survey 2013
In Program 23 (Housing Conditions Survey), the City shall complete an annual Housing Conditions Survey to identify the number of units in need of rehabilitation and replacement. The surveys shall start in 2023.
The American Community Survey (ACS) includes surveys about three factors of what may be considered substandard housing. In Cudahy, 60 units (1.06%) lack telephone service, 0 units lack plumbing, and 34 units (.61%) lack complete kitchen facilities. Chart 2.6 identifies substandard housing in the City.
Chart 2.6 - Substandard Housing
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.
1.07%
0.00%
0.61%
1.95%
0.39%
1.29%
0%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
No Telephone Service Available Lacking Plumbing Facilities Lacking Complete Kitchen Facilities Percent of Total Units
Cudahy SCAG
31 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
According to the most recent Department of Finance estimates, a total of 5,607 units were occupied while the remaining 163 units were vacant. This translated into a vacancy rate of 2.82% compared to a vacancy rate of 5.9% for Los Angeles County. In 2020 the vacancy rate for owneroccupied units was 2.9% and the vacancy rate for rental units was 1.5%. Compared to other cities in the county, Cudahy’s housing vacancy rate is among the lowest. This results in an increased demand for a limited supply of housing units, which in turn, could affect the cost of both rental and owner-occupied units. Chart 2.7 identifies vacant units by type.
Chart 2.7 - Vacant Units by Type
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.
Housing Costs and Affordability
The Department of Housing and Urban Development defines affordable housing as housing for which the owner or tenants pays less than 30 percent of the household income. The cost of housing vis-à-vis income directly impacts the degree of affordability. If housing costs are high relative to income, there will be a correspondingly higher prevalence of borrowing in the case of homeowners, and overpayment in the case of renters. Overcrowding also increases as people turn to sharing homes and apartments to reduce housing costs. This section summarizes the cost and affordability of Cudahy’s housing stock.
Between 2000 and 2020 median home sales prices in Cudahy increased 179% while prices in the SCAG region increased 151%. 2018 median home sales prices in Cudahy were $430,000 and the highest experienced since 2000 was $493,500 in 2007. Prices in Cudahy have ranged from a low of 62.2% of the SCAG region median in 2002 and a high of 93.2% in 2008. Chart 2.8 identifies the median sales of existing homes.
32.8%
0.0%
16.1%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
51.1%
20.7%
5.4% 7.9%
4.5%
33.5%
0.3%
27.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
For Rent Rented For Sale Sold Seasonal Migrant Other
Percent of Total Vacant Units
Cudahy SCAG
32 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Chart 2.8 - Median Sales Price of Existing Homes
A household is overpaying for housing if more than 30% of their net “take-home” income is used for paying rent or mortgages.
According to census figures for the year 2020, 255 households (45.2% of the total owneroccupied units) living in owner-occupied units paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the mortgage. According to the same census figures, 2,624 renter households (56.3% of the total renter households) paid more than 30% of their monthly income towards the rent. For renters, the median gross rent per month significantly increased from $1,103 in 2011 to $1,306.
On a percentage basis, this increase in cost represents an 18.4 percent increase. This dollar amount refers to the contract rent (i.e., monthly rent agreed to, or contracted for) plus the estimated average cost of utilities and fuels if paid for by the renter. This definition was used by the census to eliminate differentials due to varying practices in rent structuring.
The HUD-formulated Fair Market Rent (FMR) schedule is a guideline to maximum rents allowable for units receiving Section 8 assistance. HUD uses the Consumer Price Index and the census data to calculate the FMRs for each Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).
Because HUD includes different criteria in its definition of rent, census data and FMRs are not directly comparable. While some vacant property is available for new residential development, most of the new residential construction will occur on land that is presently occupied by existing development. The demolition, removal, and clean-up of these existing properties contribute to the higher cost of development. During the latter part of the 1990s, interest rates were generally low. In 2000, interest rates were raised by the Federal Reserve though they were once again lowered in the years following 2000 in response to fears of recession and have continually dropped in response to avoiding a further recession. With the currently low interest rates in 2020, the prices of residential and commercial properties have skyrocketed. In general, the cost
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018 Cudahy SCAG Cudahy Percentage of SCAG Price
33 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
(market-rate) for new land in the City ranges from $100/square foot up to $150/square foot. The actual construction cost for residential development ranges from $300/square foot up to $530/square foot. The current average rent in the City is $1,624.00, and the average cost of a single-family residential property is approximately $450.00 per square-foot. Homes are not as affordable in the City as they were 10 years ago, following a similar regional and state-wide trend.
Chart 2.9 identifies the percentage of rent households are paying.
Rent/Ownership
Rent
Chart 2.9 - Spending on Rent by Renter (ACS -2020)
Across Cudahy's 4,811 renter households, 2,854 (59.3%) spend thirty percent or more of gross income on housing cost, compared to 55.3% in the SCAG region. Additionally, 1,457 renter households in Cudahy (30.3%) spend fifty percent or more of gross income on housing cost, compared to 28.9% in the SCAG region.
The ACS allows for the analysis of Cudahy's 4,733 renter households (for which income data are available) by spending on rent by income bracket (dollar amounts). As one might expect, the general trend is that low-income households spend a higher share of income on housing (e.g., over 50%) while high-income households are more likely to spend under 20% of income on housing. Chart 2.10 identifies spending on rent by income. 71 275
385
601 547
431 381
585
1,457
78 0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
<10% 10-15% 15-20% 20-25% 25-30% 30-35% 35-40% 40-49% >50% Not Computed
Number of Households
Percent of Income Spent on Rent
34 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Chart 2.10 – Spending on Rent By Income
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.
Cudahy renter households' cash rent paid can be broken down by household incomes. As one might expect, the general trend is that lower-income households spend less on rent while higherincome households spend more on rent, though this may not be universally true. Rent categories range from <$500/month (3.6% of Cudahy renters) to >$2000/month (3% of Cudahy renters).
The most common rent category in Cudahy is $1000-1500/month with 57.6% of renters. Chart
2.11 identifies household income by cash rent.
Chart 2.11 - Household Income by Cash Rent
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000 or
more
>50% 754 615 88 0 0 0
30-49% 86 419 660 232 0 0
20-29% 38 58 179 651 206 16
<20% 0 0 17 133 235 346
Number of Renter Households
Income Category
>50%
30-49%
20-29%
<20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Less
than
$20,000
$20,000
to
$34,999
$35,000
to
$49,999
$50,000
to
$74,999
$75,000
to
$99,999
$100,00
0 or
more
>$2000/mo. 0 19 36 39 0 47
$1500-2000/mo. 109 142 157 243 139 63
$1000-1500/mo. 443 637 557 589 265 252
$500-1000/mo. 225 269 177 145 37 0
<$500/mo. 129 25 17 0 0 0 Renter Households
Income
>$2000/mo.
$1500-2000/mo.
$1000-1500/mo.
$500-1000/mo.
<$500/mo.
35 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Ownership
While renter households receive much of the focus when it comes to housing cost analysis, owner households make up 14.1% of Cudahy and 52.5% of the SCAG region. The most commonly occurring mortgage payment in Cudahy is $1500-$2000/month and the most commonly occurring mortgage payment in the SCAG region is $2000-$3000/mo. 2020 Census data establishes $1,921 as the median mortgage payment in the City. Chart 2.12 identifies the monthly owner costs for mortgage holders.
Chart 2.12 - Monthly Owner Costs for Mortgage Holders
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates
Mortgage-holding households in Cudahy can be broken down by income and the percentage of income spent on mortgage costs. As one might expect, the general trend is that lower-income households spend a higher share of income on housing costs, while high-income households may spend a lower share of income on housing. Chart 2.13 identifies the cost for mortgage holders by income.
0.0%
3.7%
20.8%
29.7% 29.2%
12.3%
4.3%
0.5%
5.1%
13.7%
19.6%
33.4%
15.4%
12.3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
<$500 $500-$1000 $1000-$1500 $1500-$2000 $2000-$3000 $3000-$4000 >$4000 Pct. of mortgage-holders
Mortgage - Monthly Payment
Cudahy SCAG
36 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Chart 2.13 - Cost for Mortgage Holders by Income
Another approach to evaluating the relationship between housing and income is to compare incomes and home values in Cudahy. Chart 2.14 identifies the household income by home value.
Chart 2.14 - Household Income by Home Value
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999 $75,000 or more
Over 30% 19 90 58 71 79
20-29% 0 0 2 17 117
Under 20% 0 0 0 0 109
Mortgage-holding households
Household Income; Percent of income spent on mortgage costs 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Less than
$20,000
$20,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 to
$99,999
$100,000
or more
Above $500,000 0 55 11 0 36 82
$200,000 to $500,000 18 44 72 112 45 220
$100,000 to $200,000 0 5 7 0 0 0
Below $100,000 70 8 27 3 0 0
Owner-occupied households
Household Income; Home Value
37 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Regional Housing Needs Assessment
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has identified a total of 393 housing units for Cudahy’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment. The units are broken down as follows:
80 very low-income units (40 of which are extremely low-income units), 36 low-income units, 53 moderate income units, and 224 above moderate-income units. Table 2.8 provides a breakdown of Cudahy’s regional housing needs allocation.
Table 2.8
Final 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation
Although the extremely low-income category is not specifically identified, to calculate the projected housing needs, the City assumed 50% of its very low-income regional housing needs are extremely low households. As a result, from the very low income need of 80 units, the City has projected a need of 40 units for extremely low-income households. Extremely low-income is defined as households with income less than 30 percent of area median income. The County AMI is what this is based on. Households with extremely low incomes have a variety of housing situations and needs. For example, most families and individuals receiving public assistance, such as social security insurance (SSI) or disability insurance is considered extremely low-income households. At the same time, a minimum wage worker could be considered an extremely lowincome household with an annual income of approximately $17,000 or less.
Housing the extremely low-income population (below 30% of area median income) can be especially challenging. The race/ethnicity with the highest share of extremely low-income households in Cudahy is Black, non-Hispanic (40% compared to 31% of total population). In the SCAG region, the highest share of extremely low-income households is Black, non-Hispanic (27.1% compared to 17.7% of total households).
38 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Existing Needs
According to the 2020 Census data prepared by SCAG, of the City’s 5,690 households in 2020, 2,879 households were considered extremely low-income. Most extremely low-income households are renters and experience a high incidence of housing problems. For example, extremely low-income households faced housing problems (defined as cost burden greater than 30% of income and/or overcrowding and/or without complete kitchen or plumbing facilities).
Even further, extremely low-income households paid more than 50% of their income towards housing costs. Table 2.9 identifies the housing needs for extremely low-income households.
Table 2.9
Housing Needs for Extremely Low-Income Households
Renters Owners Total
Total Number of ELI
Households
2,624 255 2,879
Percentage with Any
Housing Problems
12.6% 12.6% 25.3%
Percent with Cost Burden
(30% of income)
56.3% 45.2% 50.3%
Percent with Severe Cost
Burden (50% of income)
10.2% 71% 12%
Total Number of Households 4,702 1,011 5,713
Source: Census.gov; Southern California Association of Governments Projected Needs
To calculate the projected housing needs, the City assumed 50% of its very low-income regional housing needs are extremely low-income households. As a result, from the very low-income need of 80 units, the City has a projected need of 40 units for extremely low-income households. Many extremely low-income households will be seeking rental housing and most likely facing an overpayment, overcrowding or substandard housing conditions. Some extremely low-income households could experience mental or other special needs.
The City previously adopted a number of programs as part of the City’s ongoing commitment to provide adequate housing for all residents. Amendments to several of these programs are included in this Housing Element. The amended programs include updates to the Zoning Code for accessory dwelling units and single room occupancy units. Program 3 has been amended as follows:
The City will update the accessory dwelling unit requirements within the Zoning Code, and update the Ordinance, to comply with statutory requirements (5th cycle Second Unit Ordinance changes to Accessory Dwelling Units Program in 6th cycle). The City will review development standards and make amendments as necessary to provide incentives and promote development of accessory dwelling units for very low-, low-, and moderate-income households. Review could include exploring and pursuing available state funding, fee reductions, pre-approved plans, and
39 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
homeowner/applicant assistance tools. Amendments to the Zoning Code will be completed in 2023.
The City will update the Housing Information Program to focus on the development of affordable housing and will create a residential database to identify vacant and underutilized sites for affordable housing developers. The City will update the Affordable Housing Incentives Program to include annual outreach to the development community and technical assistance/studies in support of the entitled senior housing project at 4610 Santa Ana Street. The City will continue the Housing Conversion Program, which will be split and combined into the sixth cycle’s At-Risk Preservation Housing Program and Replacement Housing Program. The City will update the Inclusionary Housing Program which will become the Implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program in the sixth cycle.
The City will update the SRO Hotels Program which will become the Hotel and Motel Resources Program in the sixth cycle. This program will no longer focus on SROs and instead will focus on hotels and motels. The City will update the Emergency Shelters Program and Transitional and Supportive Housing Program which will combine to become the Emergency, Transitional, and Supportive Housing Program in the sixth cycle. During the sixth cycle the City commits to reducing City parking standards for emergency shelters for staff parking needs and to reviewing the City’s zoning districts to permit supportive housing where required in compliance with statutory requirements. The City will update the Fair Housing Program to promote the use of the Housing Rights Center during the sixth cycle, instead of the Fair Housing Council of Long Beach as in the fifth cycle.
To address the housing needs of extremely low-income households, the City will identify and meet with nonprofit builders who specialize in building housing for extremely low-income households and supportive housing. This effort is designed to:
• Build a long-term partnership in development,
• Gain access to specialized funding sources, including applying for funding sources that support deeper targeting,
• Identify the range of local resources and assistance needed to facilitate the development of housing for extremely low-income households, and
• Promote a variety of housing types, including higher density, multifamily supportive, single room occupancy, and shared housing.
As part of this effort, the City will develop an action plan with its nonprofit partners to develop housing for extremely low-income households. Activities include assisting with site identification and acquisition, local financial resources, assisting and streamlining entitlements and providing concessions and incentives.
40 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Overcrowding
Overcrowding its typically defined as more than one person per room, based on the Census Bureau’s definition of “room,” which excludes bathrooms, porches, balconies, foyers, halls, or half-rooms. Severe overcrowding occurs when there are more than 1.5 persons per room.
Overcrowding can result when there are not enough adequately sized units within a community, or when high housing cost relative to income forces too many individuals or families to share housing. Overcrowding can also accelerate deterioration of the housing stock.
In Cudahy, 93 owner-occupied and 1,518 renter-occupied households had more than 1.0 occupants per room, which meets the ACS definition for overcrowding. 7 owner-occupied households and 346 renter-occupied households had more than 1.5 occupants per room, which meets the ACS definition for severe overcrowding (see Table 2.10). Chart 2.15 identifies crowding by extent and tenure.
Chart 2.15 - Crowding by Extent and Tenure
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.
Table 2.10
Household Overcrowding
Owner Renter Total
Occupied Units 916 4733 5649
Overcrowded Units 180 1248 1428
Severely Overcrowded 83 451 534
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
Overpayment
A household is overpaying for housing (or cost burdened) if it spends more than 30% of its gross income on housing. Severe housing cost burden occurs when a household pays more than 50%
11.8%
0.9%
31.6%
7.2% 4.9%
1.3%
15.6%
6.4%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
1.0+/room 1.5+/room 1.0+/room 1.5+/room
Owner Owner Renter Renter
Percent of Total Households
Cudahy SCAG
41 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
of its income on housing. The prevalence of overpayment varies significantly by income, tenure, household type, and household size. Of the 2,879 households overpaying in Cudahy, 448 household were severely overpaying.
Table 2.11 identifies households overpaying, Table 2.12 identifies households severely overpaying, and Table 2.13 identifies households with lower incomes overpaying.
Table 2.11
Households Overpaying
Households Renter Owners TOTAL
All Households 4733 916 5649
Number of Households
Overpaying
2,624 255 2,879
Percent of All Households
Overpaying
56.3% 45.2% 50.9%
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
Table 2.12
Households Severely Overpaying
Households Renter Owners TOTAL
Number of Households
Overpaying
2,624 255 2,879
Number of Households Severely
Overpaying
267 181 448
Percent of Households Severely
Overpaying
10.2% 71% 15.5%
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
Table 2.13
Lower Income Households Overpaying
Households Renters Owners TOTAL
Total Households Overpaying 2,624 255 2,879
LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
Lower Income Households
Overpaying (30% of Income)
1,477 115 1,592
Lower Income Households
Severely Overpaying (50% of
Income)
267 181 448
Source: Census.gov; American Fact Finder
To address overpayment, Cudahy will pursue a variety of programs to expand affordability. With a strong prevalence of overpayment/overcrowding with large family renter households, the City will focus its new construction on multi-family units. The City adopted the Inclusionary Housing
42 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Ordinance in 2022 requiring the construction of affordable units with market rate projects.
Program 28 addresses implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. Program 6 includes the City’s ongoing support and sharing of Section 8 information.
At Risk Housing
“Assisted housing units” are defined as units with rents subsidized by federal, State, or local governmental programs. California Government Code Section 65583 requires that housing elements include an inventory of all assisted rental housing units within the local jurisdiction that are at-risk of losing subsidies, mortgage prepayment, or being converted to other uses if the expiration date of their financing program is between 2021 and 2031 (i.e., 10 years from the beginning of the housing element planning period—2021). In all, there are a total of 142 units atrisk of conversion in Cudahy.
Conversion Risk
State law requires Housing Elements provide an inventory of all assisted housing units if the expiration date of their financing program is within the next ten years of the housing element planning period. These housing units are deemed to be “at-risk” of being converted to market rate units. Additionally, HCD recommends jurisdiction assess the overall potential conversion risk of all assisted housing units. However, there is no “official” or prescribed methodology to conduct the analysis. Jurisdictions, therefore, are free to decide how to conduct the analysis by choosing a method most appropriate to their jurisdiction.
There are three general cases that can result in the conversion of public assisted units:
1. Prepayment of HUD Mortgages: Section 221(d)(3), Section 202 and Section 236 — Section 221 (d)(3) is a privately-owned project where the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides either below market interest rate loans or marketrate loans with a subsidy to the tenants. With Section 236 assistance, HUD provides financing to the owner to reduce the costs for tenants by paying most of the interest on a market rate mortgage. Additional rental subsidy may be provided to the tenant. Section 202 assistance provides a direct loan to non-profit organizations for project development and rent subsidy for low-income elderly tenants. Section 202 provides assistance for the development of units for physically handicapped, developmentally disabled, and chronically mentally ill residents.
2. Opt-outs and Expirations of Project-Based Section 8 Contracts — Section 8 is a federally funded program that provides for subsidies to the owner of a pre-qualified project for the difference between the tenant’s ability to pay and the contract rent. Opt-outs occur when the owner of the project decides to opt-out of the contract with HUD by pre-paying the remainder of the mortgage. Usually, the likelihood of opt-outs increases as the market rents exceed the contract rents.
• Clara Park Commons Senior
43 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
3. Other — Expiration of the low-income use period of various financing sources, such as Low-income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), bond financing, density bonuses, California Housing Finance Agency (CALHFA), Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) HOME and redevelopment funds. Generally, bond-financing properties expire according to a qualified project period or when the bonds mature.
• Clara Park Village
• Elizabeth Court
• Clara Court
• Live Oaks Garden
Federally Assisted “At Risk” Units
At-Risk Units includes a study of all low-income housing units, which may at some future time be lost to affordable inventory by the expiration of some type of affordability restrictions. The law requires that the analysis and study cover a ten-year period, and be divided into two periods, coinciding with updates of the housing elements. Table 2.14 provides a summary of the at-risk units.
Table 2.14
Summary of At-Risk Units
Cost Of Replacement Vs Preservation
The best ways to ensure that no assisted units convert to market rate within the planning period are either to acquire and preserve all at-risk units or to construct new housing to replace those units. Either of these methods will ensure affordable controls and price restriction are extended to at-risk households under current federal, State, and local programs. In Cudahy, the cost of preserving assisted units is estimated to be less than that required to replace the units through new construction. Land prices, land availability and construction costs are generally the limiting factors to development of new affordable housing.
Project Name Address Target
Group
Number
of Units
Type of
Assistance
Expiration
Date
Current Owner At-Risk
Clara Park Village 4805 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Elderly 49 Section 8 2060 National Church
Residents
Lower
Risk
Elizabeth Court 5225 Elizabeth St
Cudahy CA 90201
Low Income 25 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2051 Corp for Better
Housing
Lower
Risk
Clara Court 5159 Clara St Cudahy,
CA 90201
Low-Income 36 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2052 Corp for Better
Housing
Lower
Risk
Live Oaks Garden 5203 Live Oak St
Cudahy, CA 90201
Low-Income 32 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2053 Corp for Better
Housing
Lower
Risk
Las Brisas
Apartments
4339 Elizabeth St
Cudahy, CA 90201
Low-Income 99 Low-Income
Housing Tax
Credits
2069 Housing Corp of
America
Lower
Risk
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department
44 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
To provide a cost analysis of preserving at-risk units, costs must be determined for rehabilitation, new construction, or tenant-based rental assistance.
1. Rehabilitation– The primary factors used to analyze the cost of preserving low- income housing include: acquisition, rehabilitation, and financing. Actual acquisition costs depend on several variables such as condition, size, location, existing financing, and availability of financing (governmental and market). The following (Table 2.15) are estimated per unit preservation costs for the City.
Table 2.15
Rehabilitation Costs
Fee/Cost Type Cost Per Unit
Acquisition $266,359
Total Estimated Cost Per Unit $266,359
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department
2. New Construction/Replacement – New construction implies construction of a new property with the same number of units and similar amenities as the one removed from the affordable housing stock. Cost estimates were prepared by using local information and data. The construction of new housing can vary greatly depend on factors such as location, density, unit sizes, construction materials and on-site and off-site improvements. The Table 2.16 describes new construction costs in Cudahy.
Table 2.16
New Construction/Replacement Costs
Fee/Cost Type Cost Per Unit
Acquisition $266,359
Construction $155,058.75
Financing/Other $55,000
Total Estimated Cost Per Unit $476,417.75
Source: City of Cudahy Community Development Department *Construction cost =$150/SF * 41,349SF (SF that can potentially be lost) = $6,202,350/40 units =$155,058.75 construction cost per unit.
The rehabilitation of existing units instead of new construction is the most cost-effective approach towards the preservation of at-risk units.
Qualified Entities
The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) keeps a current list of all the qualified entities across the State. A “qualified entity” is a nonprofit or for-profit organization or individual that agrees to maintain the long-term affordability of housing projects.
45 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Efforts by the City to retain low-income housing must be able to draw upon two basic types of preservation resources: organizational and financial. Qualified, non-profit entities need to be made aware of the future possibilities of units becoming at risk. Groups with whom the City has an ongoing association are the logical entities for future participation. The qualified entities that HCD list for (Los Angeles County) are listed below:
Table 2.17
Organizations
1. A Community of Friends 28. Jamboree Housing Corporation
2. Abbey Road Inc. 29. Keller & Company
3. Access Community Housing, Inc. 30. Korean Youth & Community Center, Inc. (KYCC)
4. Affordable Homes 31. Latin American Civic Assoc.
5. Affordable Housing People 32. Long Beach Affordable Housing Coalition, Inc
6. Century Housing Corporation 33. Los Angeles Center for Affordable Tenant Housing
7. Century Pacific Equity Corporation 34. Los Angeles Community Design Center
8. City Housing Real Estate Services 35. Los Angeles Housing Department/ Policy Planning Unit
9. City of Pomona Housing Authority 36. Los Angeles Housing Partnership, Inc.
10. Coalition for Economic Survival 37. Los Angeles Low Income Housing Corp. (LALIH)
11. Community Partnership Dev. Corp 38. LTSC Community Development Corporation
12. Community Rehabilitation Services, Inc 39. Many Mansions, Inc.
13. CSI Support & Development Services 40. Menorah Housing Foundation
14. DML & Associates Foundation 41. Nehemiah Progressive Housing Dev. Corp.
15. Doty-Burton Associates 42. Nexus for Affordable Housing
16. Eden Housing, Inc. 43. Orange Housing Development Corporation
17. FAME Housing Corporation 44. PICO UNION HOUSING CORPORATION
18. Foundation for Quality Housing 45. Poker Flats LLC
19. Opportunities, Inc. 46. ROEM Development Corporation
20. Francis R. Hardy, Jr. 47. Shelter For The Homeless
21. Hart Community Homes 48. Skid Row Housing Trust
22. Hollywood Community Housing Corp. 49. Southern California Housing Development Corp
23. Home and Community 50. Southern California Presbyterian Homes
24. Hope - Net 51. The East Los Angeles Community Union (TELACU)
25. Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles 52. The Long Beach Housing Development Co.
26. Housing Corporation of America 53. West Hollywood Community Housing Corp.
27. Irvine Housing Opportunities 54. Winnetka King, LLC Source: http://hcd.ca.gov/hpd/hrc/tech/presrv/
Opportunity for Energy Conservation
Under State law, the Housing Element must include an analysis of the opportunities for energy conservation in residential development (Government Code Section 65583 (a)(7)). Planning for energy conservation is important for several reasons, but mainly because of the environmental costs and financial costs involved in energy use. This section of the report will discuss both factors briefly before moving on to discuss City programs and strategies to reduce energy use.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are known as Greenhouse Gases (GHG). GHG are emitted by both natural processes and human activities. GHG emissions that are produced both by natural and industrial processes include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20).
The accumulation of GHG in the atmosphere regulates the earth's temperature. Without these Page Page 96 of 447 100 of 451
46 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
natural GHG, the Earth's surface would be about 61°F cooler. However, emissions from fossil fuel combustion by humans have elevated the concentration of GHG in the atmosphere to above natural levels. Scientific evidence indicates a correlation between increasing global temperatures/climate change over the past century and human induced levels of GHG. These and other environmental changes have potentially negative environmental, economic, and social consequences around the globe.
The California Natural Resources Agency is presently developing the State's Climate Adaptation Strategy. Currently, there are no federal standards for GHG emissions and federal regulations have not been promulgated. Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the harm associated with climate change are serious and well recognized, that the EPA must regulate GHG as pollutants, and unless the agency determines that GHG do not contribute to climate change, it must promulgate regulations for GHG emissions from new motor vehicles. To date, 12 states, including California, have set State GHG emission targets. The passage of Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, promulgated the California target to achieve reductions in GHG to 1990 GHG emission levels by the year 2020. The environmental impact report (EIR) includes an evaluation of the existing greenhouse gas emissions within the planning area, those anticipated local greenhouse gas emissions anticipated at build-out under the implementation of the General Plan’s land use policy, and those estimated greenhouse gas emissions for 1990.
Utility Costs
In addition to reducing GHG emissions, planning for energy conservation can reduce utility and maintenance costs, which in turn, leads to housing affordability. This is particularly important to lower income households with less disposable income to pay for utilities. Depending on the age and condition of the home and the number and type of appliances, energy costs can represent more than 25 percent of overall monthly housing costs. As such, the incorporation of energy saving features, energy saving materials and efficient systems in new as well as remodeled homes is an important consideration.
In the past 20 years, rapidly increasing energy costs have contributed to the deterioration of housing affordability. Since 1970, energy costs to consumers have increased over 100 percent above the price of inflation. More recently, crude oil prices have increased to over 40 dollars a barrel. It is therefore prudent for City government like Cudahy to find ways and means to reduce energy consumption to reduce energy costs.
Energy Conservation
The City shall consider the energy efficiency of new equipment when it purchases replacement equipment and shall purchase low energy replacements whenever feasible. Through the City's development review process, new construction shall be required to demonstrate that energy conservation measures beyond those required by Title 24 have been incorporated whenever Page Page 97 of 447 101 of 451
47 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
feasible. To assist developers in knowing what options and special grants are available, the City shall work with the Southern California Edison Company and the Southern California Gas Company to identify new low-cost construction, heating and appliance techniques and equipment that can result in substantial energy and cost savings for future tenants and owners.
The City shall make information and utility company contacts available to all applicants for building permits. The City will utilize its Development Review Process to encourage the use of low-polluting building materials in new construction. It will also utilize the Development Review Process to assure that the exposure of sensitive receptors to toxic and hazardous pollutants, as well as dust and odors is minimized or, where feasible, eliminated. The City will revise its California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines to ensure uniform assessment of air quality impacts of projects and will incorporate the SCAQMD significance thresholds in these Guidelines or into EIR's and negative declarations prepared pursuant to these Guidelines.
Citywide Strategies
The City works to promote energy conservation in a number of ways. The Cudahy General Plan provides policy direction under which City regulations, programs, and projects work in unison to ensure land use, transportation, and other aspects of City operations conform to energy conservation goals. Especially for housing development, the issue of energy conservation is addressed at two levels: for new construction and rehabilitation of existing structures.
2.4 FAIR HOUSING ASSESSMENT
This portion of the Housing Needs Analysis is focused on assessing the state of fair housing in the City of Cudahy, in keeping with AB 686. California jurisdictions are required to affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH) through meaningful actions “that, taken together, address significant disparities in housing needs and in access to opportunity for all groups protected by state and federal law by:
i. Replacing segregated living patterns with integrated and balanced living patterns ii. Transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty into areas of opportunity (without displacement)
iii. Fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws iv. Note: meaningful actions include actions that will promote fair housing opportunities for low- and moderate-income tenants and tenants of affordable housing, including subsidized housing.” (Government Code 8899.50 (a)(1))
This analysis analyzes five housing issue areas:
1. Fair housing enforcement and outreach capacity
2. Segregation and integration
3. Racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty
4. Access to opportunity
5. Disproportionate housing needs within the jurisdiction, including displacement risk Page Page 98 of 447 102 of 451
48 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Outreach
Outreach Efforts
The Housing Element was prepared with public outreach and participation to the extent permissible under the restrictions of Covid 19. All public outreach activities and materials, verbal, written, Zoom meetings, and participation at community events are provided in both English and Spanish. To ensure the broadest community involvement, particularly among low-income and special needs groups, the City used several strategies, including public workshops, public hearings, focused stakeholder meeting, dedicated website, article in the City’s monthly newsletter, and community survey. Additional information on the outreach efforts is discussed in more detail in Section 1.6 Public Outreach of this Housing Element.
The City held a public workshop in August 2021, a stakeholder meeting in August 2021, Planning Commission public hearing in January 2022, and two City Council public hearings, one in February 2022 and one in March 2022. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all public workshops, hearings, and stake holder meeting were held virtually, which enabled community members and interested parties to attend regardless of their location. The City established a format that provided the option to call in the meeting from a landline or cell phone to participate regardless of their access to the internet to view the meeting live. The power point presentations and meeting recordings were posted on the City’s website following the workshop and public hearings.
The City conducted a virtual meeting to engage with service providers, community organizations, and local businesses. The purpose of the meeting was to solicit direct feedback on housing needs, barriers to fair and affordable housing, and opportunities for development from all community groups, not just those who are able to attend the public workshop and public hearings. The participants included several interested parties including the owner of a local bakery, a residential developer, a representative from the East Yard Communities for Economic Justice, a local school principal, and an executive from a utility company.
Additional efforts to engage the community in the preparation of the Housing Element included an article in the City’s monthly newsletter and a Housing Element community survey. The Housing Element Community Survey was conducted to engage the community at the beginning of the Housing Element update process, to provide input, and to be a part of the preparation of the update. The questions were formulated to get an understanding of who was participating in the survey, identification of the housing issues facing the City, and options to address the housing issues. Interested parties could complete the Survey online, at the City’s website. To further efforts to reach as many citizens as possible, hard copies of the survey were provided at all City facilities including: the Senior Center, City Hall, Parks & Recreation facilities, National Night Out, and Food Distribution events. Through the Housing Element Community Survey, the following two housing issues were identified as concerns of residents: the need for more affordable housing and homelessness in Cudahy.
Page Page 99 of 447 103 of 451
49 2021 HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE AMENDMENT
Local Data and Knowledge
Additionally, in 2021 the City distributed a community survey regarding the potential adoption of an Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. While most of the survey did not pertain to fair housing issues, a couple of the survey’s questions revealed concerns of residents related to AFFH issues.
These concerns include a need for affordable housing in Cudahy, a need to rehabilitate existing housing in Cudahy, and a need to integrate affordable housing throughout the City to create mixed income neighborhoods.
The City understands the concerns of residents identified through the two community surveys.
Through the programs of this Housing Element, the City addresses the community’s housing concerns.
Generally, residents expressed a great need for affordable housing in Cudahy. This Element includes several programs addressing the production of affordable housing in the City. Through Program 28 (Implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program), the City shall begin implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program to include a requirement that all residential and mixed-use projects throughout the City with a residential component include affordable housing units. With Program 5 (Affordable Housing Incentives), the City commits to encouraging the development of affordable housing units in Cudahy. The City will accomplish this by conducting outreach to developers (both market rate and affordable), streamlining the permit process to low-income and senior housing projects, streamlining environmental review for eligible Inclusionary Housing projects, providing technical assistance to affordable housing developers, and providing developers with a list of affordable housing financing sources. In Program 30 (Rent Control Ad Hoc Committee), a Committee of the City Council will study adoption of rent stabilization and tenant protection ordinances for the City of Cudahy. The City has currently enacted a rent increase moratorium on multifamily housing, through April 2023 to give the Rent Control Ad Hoc Committee time to complete its study and for the City Council to take appropriate action.
A series of programs in this Housing Element address the need to rehabilitate housing. Through Program 8 (Housing Maintenance and Conservation) of the City will continue the program for the maintenance and conservation of the existing housing stock through the sixth cycle. Program 8 specifically targets the conservation of older housing units which are in good condition to maintain the units as affordable housing options. Through Program 13 (Code Enforcement) the City shall continue code enforcement each year of the sixth cycle, focusing on property maintenance, substandard units, and illegal garage conversions. Program 23 (Housing Conditions Survey) of this Element shall conduct an annual survey starting in 2023 to identify the number of units in need to rehabilitation and replacement. Lastly, the Element’s Program 31 (First Time Homebuyers) will promote homeownership in the City, which should improve conditions of housing in Cudahy as owner occupied units are more likely to well-maintained as owners wish to maintain the value of their investment.
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Residents also identified homelessness in the City as a key concern. This Element includes several programs addressing homelessness. Through Program 9 (Hotel and Motel Resources) the City shall preserve 160 hotel and motel rooms as an emergency housing resource for homeless residents. To encourage the use of hotels by "homeless" individuals, the City continuously works with hotel managers on making rooms available for emergency/transitional housing and makes community service agencies in the area aware of the facilities. With Program 11 (Emergency, Transitional, and Supportive Housing) the City is committed to prioritizing funding and other available incentives for projects that provide housing for homeless and extremely low-income residents whenever possible. Through Program 24 (Low Barrier Navigation Centers) the City shall review the City’s mixed use and non-residential zones that permit multifamily residential uses and amend the permitted uses sections of the appropriate zone districts to include low barrier navigation centers, in compliance with statutory requirements. Lastly, Program 17 (Food Distribution) and Program 18 (Homeless Assistance) both provide City assistance to homeless residents in the form of free meals and referrals to service providers.
Additionally, for the purpose of this AFFH analysis, the City conducted outreach in the form of a set of questions to various stakeholders, including supportive services City staff and supportive service organizations to which the City refers residents (including The Whole Child, Jovenes, PATH and SHARE Housing). The City and consultant obtained answers to the AFFH questions from the City’s Supportive Services Coordinator along with Jovenes’ SPA 7 Regional Coordinator. Through Program 15, City will continue to conduct annual outreach starting in 2023 to stakeholders in an effort to obtain information regarding affirmatively furthering fair housing in Cudahy. As the City receives feedback from stakeholders, the City will annually examine and implement changes to City policies that might address and alleviate fair housing issues. Throughout this AFFH analysis, the local data and knowledge gained from the City’s Supportive Services Coordinator and Jovenes’ SPA 7 Regional Coordinator will be included where applicable.
The City maintains a distribution list of stakeholder organizations, interested private citizens and public agencies, posts public information on the City’s website and at the physical location of the meetings, and issues press releases. The venues for the public meetings were ADA accessible and served by public transportation. The City also advertised meetings, public hearings, and availability of the Housing Element in the City’s monthly newsletter. The main concerns expressed by the community were the City’s ability to provide the units identified in the RHNA for the various household income categories, provide more affordable housing, increase opportunities for homeownership, provide more diverse housing opportunities, housing for homeless individuals, and residential properties are not being maintained.
Fair Housing Enforcement and Capacity
Local Data and Knowledge
The City of Cudahy’s Supportive Service Coordinator provided information on fair housing complaints the City receives. The Coordinator found that typical fair housing complaints received by the City revolved around either rent increases or substandard housing conditions. For
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substandard complaints the Coordinator stated these complaints occur because homeowners will not make repairs for renters or the owner requests that the renter pay for repairs. The Coordinator estimates that the City receives around 156 fair housing complaints per year. The Supportive Services Coordinator found that the majority of fair housing complainants are low income, and some are seniors. No specific neighborhood was found to be the origin of a disproportionate number of fair housing complaints.
Fair Housing Complaints
Between 2013 and 2021, there was one (1) Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity inquiry in the City of Cudahy. There is a similar rate of fair housing inquiries in the surrounding region. In 2010, the number of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity inquiries in Los Angeles County was 291. 80 of those cases, or 25% were with a racial bias, 106 of the cases or 36.4% had a disability bias. 58 of the cases, or 20% had a familial status bias. In 2020, there were 130 total cases reported. 27, or
20.7% of the cases had a racial bias, 86, or 66% had a disability bias, and 9, or 7% had a familial status bias. Figure 2.4002 depicts the comparison between 2010 and 2020.
Figure 2.400
Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Inquiries by City (2013-2021)
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Figure 2.4001
Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Cases – Total (2010) County Figure 2.4002
Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Inquiry
County Data Year Total
Cases
Cases with Racial
Bias and %
Cases with
Disability Bias and %
Cases with Familial
Bias and %
Los Angeles
County 2020
130 27 or 20.7% 86 or 66% 9 or 7%
Los Angeles
County 2010
291 80 or 25% 106 or 36.4% 58 or 20%
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Figure 2.4003
Percentage of FHEO case reported in county 2010 based on race Figure 2.4004
FHEO Cases with racial bias by County 2020
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Figure 2.4005
FHEO Cases with Disability Bias 2010
Figure 2.4006
FHEO Cases with Disability Bias – 2020 – County
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One reason for the low number of fair housing complaints in Cudahy is the ethnic homogeneity of the community, which provides less opportunities for housing discrimination. Another reason may be the high level of non-English speakers and persons with low educational level who are not aware of fair housing protections. Cudahy has a large immigrant population, and according to local sources, a large undocumented immigrant population. Cudahy continues to provide City services in English and Spanish and will continue this practice through Program 15 Public Participation. According to the 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS), 7,190 persons (30% of the population) are foreign born and have not been naturalized as U.S. citizens. A large proportion of these people may have no legal status in the country and may be afraid to file complaints against landlords, realtors, or other people in positions of power.
The City enforces fair housing and complies with fair housing laws and regulation through a twofold process: review of City policies and code for compliance with State law and referring fair housing complaints to appropriate agencies. The City will continue to review the Zoning Code to ensure compliance with fair housing law, and continue to examine land use policies, permitting practices, and building codes to comply with state and federal fair housing laws through Program 27 (Zoning Code Review).
In addition to assessing fair housing issues related to development standards, fair housing issues can also include discriminatory behaviors by landlords such as refusal to grant reasonable accommodation requests, not allowing service animals, discrimination against familial status, sex, religion, or other protected class, and more. The City manages a Citizens Complaint Log on the Cities website https://www.Cityofcudahy.com/FormCenter/Public-Safety-Services6/Complaint-Violation-Reporting-Form-48 The “other” category on the log can be used to file fair housing complaints. The City reviews the complaints and refers the complaint to the appropriate City Department or service agency. The City would refer any complaints, depending on the nature of the complaint to one or more of the following service agencies: the State Department of Fair Employment and Housing, the Fair Housing Foundation, the State Department of Consumer Affairs, and the Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles. The City will continue Program 16 (Fair Housing) which includes posting and providing fair housing information in the City, including proactive dissemination of information and complaint contact information.
The number of fair housing complaints is small and are no discernable patterns when it comes to the impacts on protected characteristics and geographic trends. The entirety of Cudahy is predominantly occupied by lower-income Latino families.
Within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the frequency of fair housing complaints is similar to the frequency in Cudahy. The surrounding cities of Bell, Bell Gardens, Downey, South Gate, and Huntington Park feature higher frequencies of fair housing complaints that the City of Cudahy.
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Public Housing Program
According to HUD’s Public Housing Program, public housing was established to provide decent and safe rental housing for eligible low-income families, the elderly, and persons with disability.
Public housing comes in all sizes and types from scattered single-family houses to high-rise apartments for elderly families. In the State of California, there are approximately 1.2 million households living in public housing units, managed by about 3,300 housing agencies (HAs) In the County of Los Angeles, the Los Angeles County Development Authority manages public housing programs for the City of Cudahy and some of the Gateway Cities. As indicated on Figure 2.4007, there are no recognized public housing buildings in the City of Cudahy.
Figure 2.4006
Public Housing Buildings – Regional
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Figure 2.4007
Public Housing Buildings – Cudahy
Housing Choice Vouchers
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program assists very low-income families, the elderly, and the disabled in obtaining decent, safe, and sanitary housing in the private market. Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) receive federal funds from HUD to administer the voucher program, and housing subsidies are paid to the landlord directly by the PHA on behalf of the participating family. The voucher recipient remains responsible for paying any difference that exists between the actual rent charged by the landlord and the amount subsidized by the program. Voucher recipients are responsible for finding a suitable housing unit where the owner agrees to rent under the program. Because housing assistance is provided on behalf of the family or individual, participants are free to choose their own housing, including single-family homes, townhouses, and apartments provided that the chosen housing meets the requirements of the program, and is not limited to units located in subsidized housing projects. Qualified housing may also include the family's present residence.
Furthermore, under certain circumstances, and if authorized by the PHA, a family may use its voucher to purchase a modest home. To protect the confidentiality of those receiving Housing Choice Voucher Program assistance, tracts containing 10 or fewer voucher holders have been omitted from this service. This dataset includes both tenant-based vouchers and project-based vouchers.
There are six Census Tracts in the City of Cudahy, namely: 6037534401, 6037534302, 60375344403, 6037534404, 6037534405, and 6037534406. In all the census tracts, there were
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168 Housing Choice vouchers reported. Figure 2.4008, provides a breakdown by Census Tract and percentage of population by Census Tract:
Figure 2.4008
Housing Choice Vouchers by Census Tract
Census Tract # Of Housing Choice Vouchers Percentage % of Population 6037534301 24 2.65
6037534302 29 4.30
6037534403 59 8.44
6037534404 12 1.38
6037544405 44 4.78
6037534406 0 0
Figure 2.4009 indicates that the highest utilization rate for Housing Choice Vouchers occurs in Census Tract 603754403 with 59, representing 8.44% of the Census Tract population.
Figure 2.4009
Fair Housing Vouchers by Tract - Cudahy
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Segregation and Integration
According to HCD’s AFFH Guidance segregation “means a condition in which there is a high concentration of persons of a particular race, color, religion, sex, familial status, national origin, or having a disability or a type of disability in a particular geographic area when compared to a broader geographic status.” Integration means a condition in which there is not a concentration of any type of persons.
Race
Cudahy is a predominately Latino community with Latinos comprising 95.2% of the City’s residents. The City’s White population is 3.1% and the Black/African American population is 0.7%.
According to HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer, all Census tracts within the City feature a strong Latino majority.
Figure 2.4010
Predominately Hispanic/Latino Population - Cudahy
The majority of Census tracts within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region also feature a strong Latino majority. Directly surrounding the City of Cudahy, the predominance of the Latino majority is strongest. Moving South, West, and East of Cudahy the predominance of the Latino majority lessens; however, it remains significant.
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Figure 2.4011
Predominately Hispanic/Latino Population - Southeast Los Angeles Cities region History of the City of Cudahy/Local Data and Knowledge
The reasons for this pattern are many, and stem from historical and regional factors. The City of Cudahy was incorporated in November 1960. Prior to its incorporation, the City was known as Rancho San Antonio. Rancho San Antonio was purchased by Michael Cudahy, an Irish American meatpacking baron, in 1908. Michael Cudahy split Rancho San Antonio into one acre lots and sold them. These one acre lots were incredibly narrow, often measuring 50 to 100 feet in width and. 600 to 800 feet in depth. Interestingly, this narrow parcel typology remains prevalent in Cudahy, though on a much smaller scale. In most cases, these one acre lots were the size of a city block in most American towns. The size of these lots was optimal for small scale agriculture as well as raising chickens and horses. Up until World War II, Cudahy retained a rural feel in an increasingly urban region.
After World War II, blue collar White Americans settled in Cudahy due to its proximity to steel and automobile plants in the region. However, by the late 1970s the industrial plants closed down and the White population of Cudahy left the City. When jobs left, the White population left as the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region was generally disfavored due to its close proximity to industrial contaminants. Following this exodus of the White population, the Latino population moved into Cudahy.
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Local Data and Knowledge
As noted earlier, today Cudahy features a majority Latino population, which falls in line with how most community members perceive their City. Most community members, including City staff, understand Cudahy as a low income, Latino community.
Figure 2.4012
Redlining - Cudahy
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Figure 2.4013
Redlining - Southeast Los Angeles Cities region
Since the City of Cudahy was only incorporated in 1960, redlining would not have been based on the City as we now recognize. Because the area was rural during the 1930’s, most of it was unclassified by the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC), except for the northwest area of the City (with a grade of Class C – “Definitely Declining”). The surrounding Southeast Los Angeles Cities region is either unclassified, or classified as either Class B – “Still Desirable” or Class C – “Definitely Declining”, with Class C being far more prevalent. Moving further west of Cudahy, the prevalence of Class C – “Definitely Declining” and Class D – “Hazardous” areas increases.
In the decades following World War II, the White population, particularly those of means, began to decamp the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region for Orange County and other more suburban jurisdictions. During the 1970s, a large, sustained wave of immigration from Latin America began and filled in the neighborhoods in central Los Angeles County that had been abandoned by the White population. More affluent cities and neighborhoods of the metropolitan area enacted stringent zoning regulations to stop population growth and severely curtail the opportunities for residents of Cudahy and similar cities to move into attainable housing in those jurisdictions. Thus, the population of Cudahy has remained highly segregated to the present day.
Median Household Income and Poverty
The entire City of Cudahy features a medium household income (ACS 2015-2019) above $30,000 and below $50,000. There is little difference in median household income when comparing the City’s block groups. Cudahy is significantly poorer than the Los Angeles County region as a whole, with a median household income of $46,642 compared to the County at $68,044 (ACS 2015-
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2019). According to 2015-2019 ACS 5-Year data, in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region the median household income ranges from under $30,000 to $125,000. Closest to Cudahy the median household incomes are lower, ranging from under $30,000 to $87,100. As one moves further Southeast towards Downey the median household income increases, with the majority block groups featuring a median household income of over $87,100.
Figure 2.4014
Median Household Income – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4015
Median Household Income - Southeast Los Angeles Cities region According to 2015-2019 ACS 5-Year data the rates of poverty within Cudahy Census tracts range from 20% to 40% of the population. The two tracts with the highest rates of poverty are located on the eastern end of the City, along the I-710. Within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the cities of Bell, Bell Gardens, and Huntington Park have similar rates of poverty. However, in the cities of Downey, South Gate, and Lynwood the poverty rates are lower, ranging from under 10% to 30%. Based on the City’s high poverty rate the City has updated Program 6 (CDBG Information) which includes coordination with the County Housing Authority and the housing voucher program. The Food Distribution event is very popular and during the COVID-19 pandemic the City adjusted distribution methods to be in compliance with State and Federal regulations.
The City has included continuation of Program 17 (Food Distribution) to ensure that low-income residents receive meals and healthy choices.
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Figure 2.4016
Poverty - Cudahy
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Figure 2.4017
Poverty - Southeast Los Angeles Cities region
Based on HUD’s Low to Moderate Income Population Census Tract Data from the AFFH Data Viewer, Census tracts in the City of Cudahy feature a population that is 61.92 to 91.17% low- and moderate-income. All but two census tracts in Cudahy feature a population which is over 75% low and moderate income. The two census tracts in the City which feature a population which is
61.92 to 75% low and moderate income are located in the northwestern corner of the City, bordering Bell and Huntington Park. Based on the same data, within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region many cities feature similarly high concentrations of low- and moderate-income households. However, towards the City of Downey the percent of low income and moderate populations does decline.
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Figure 2.4018
Low to Moderate Income Population – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4019
Low to Moderate Income Population - Southeast Los Angeles Cities region Demographics reveal that the majority of residents in the City of Cudahy would benefit from affordable housing development in the City. Based on information from the Los Angeles County Development Authority there are no recognized public housing buildings in the City of Cudahy.
However, eligible City residents are able to access affordable housing through the Section 8 Program. It is up to eligible residents to locate participating housing units owned by landlord who will accept Section 8 vouchers. The locations of voucher recipients are identified by Census Tract; however, tracts with 10 or fewer voucher holders are not identified. Citywide there are 168 voucher recipients. There are six Census Tracts in the City of Cudahy, and in five of the Tracts there are more than 10 voucher recipients.
The City’s efforts to increase housing opportunity and improve the quality of existing housing units and neighborhoods are therefore Citywide in nature. Within this Housing Element, programs 27 and 29 include efforts to increase housing opportunity. As part of Program 26 (State Density Bonus Law) the City commits to reviewing City’s density bonus standards and amending the Zoning Code as necessary to comply with State Density Bonus Law. State Density Bonus law would impact the entirety of the City, with no particular concentrations. Through Program 28 (Implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Program and Economic Development Strategic Plan), the City commits to implementing the Inclusionary Housing Program adopted in 2022 which will create affordable housing throughout the City, and not create concentrated areas of poverty. This Housing Element’s Program 8 (Housing Maintenance and Conservation) commits to improving the quality of existing housing units and neighborhoods. Specifically, Program 8 is an
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effort to conserve older housing units throughout the City which are typically more affordable housing options.
Household Composition
The City of Cudahy’s southeastern and northwestern tracts have a higher rate of children living in households headed by a single mother. These rates are similar to rates experienced by the surrounding region.
Map 2.4020
Percent of Children in Female Householder, No Spouse/Partner Present Households (ACS, 2015-2019) – Tract
d
The majority of Cudahy’s tracts have between 21 to 40% of their adult residents living with a spouse. The westernmost tract in Cudahy features slightly high rates of adults living with a spouse, at 41 to 60%.
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Map 2.4021
Percent of Population 18 years and Over in Households Living with Spouse (ACS, 2015-2019) Tract
The majority of Cudahy’s tracts have between 21 to 40% of their adult residents living alone. The westernmost tract in Cudahy features slightly high rates of adults living alone, at 41 to 60%.
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Map 2.4022
Percent of Population 18 years and over in Households Living Alone 2015 – 2019 Mobile Homes
The City of Cudahy features 13 mobile home parks within its boundaries, with more existing outside of the City in the surrounding region.
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Map 2.4023
Mobile Home Parks (HIFLD, 2018)
Disability
According to 2015-2019 ACS 5-Year data from HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer, all but one Census tract within the City of Cudahy contains less than 10% of residents who are disabled. The Census tract which has over 10%, 11.3% specifically, of residents who are disabled is located in the middle of the City to the North, bordering the City of Bell. Based on 2015-2019 ACS 5-Year data, the City of Cudahy’s population is approximately 7.8% disabled. Within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the percent of each city’s population with a disability remained low, ranging from 0% to 20%. Census tracts with higher percentages of disabled residents only existed to the North, in and around Downtown Los Angeles.
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Figure 2.4024
Disabled Residents – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4025
Disabled Residents - Southeast Los Angeles Cities region Statute requires analysis of specialized housing needs, including housing needs for seniors.
Federal housing data define a household type as 'elderly family' if it consists of two persons with either or both age 62 or over. Of Cudahy's 396 such households, 61.9% earn less than 30% of the surrounding area income, (compared to 24.2% in the SCAG region), 82.1% earn less than 50% of the surrounding area income (compared to 30.9% in the SCAG region). According to the 2020 Census, the median age of City residents was 23.8 years of age compared to 33.7 years of age for Los Angeles County. Currently the median age is 27, showing a shifting trend from a predominantly younger age group of 23.8 in 2000 to the current 2020 age group of 27. Program 20 (Senior Program Resources) and Program 21 (Persons with Special Needs) are incorporated into this element to provide housing information and assistance with locating housing in the City.
Additional Programs addressing special needs include Program 9 (Hotel and Motel Resources), Program 10 (Development Standards to All Uses) (this includes development, maintenance, and improvement of Emergency Shelters, Transitional Housing, and Supportive Housing), Program 11 (Emergency, Transitional and Supportive Housing), Program 16 (Fair Housing), Program 18 (Homeless Assistance), Program 19 (Disability Access), and Program 25 (Single Room Occupancy Units).
Supportive Services and Organizations
The City’s Supportive Services Coordinator assists many of Cudahy’s low income residents and senior residents. The City assists these residents in need by referring them out to service providers and other service organizations. The City refers residents out to the Department of
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Social Services (DPSS), People Assisting The Homeless (PATH), The Whole Child, Salvation Army, Catholic Charities of L.A., Jovenes, L.A. County Department of Mental Health, Housing Rights Center (HRC), Exodus Recovery, and Maravilla Foundation. These organizations all have different focuses in terms of the types of residents they serve, such as families, residents in need of mental health services, homeless residents, low-income residents, homeless youth, tenants, residents experiencing addiction, and more.
Local Data and Knowledge
The Supportive Services Coordinator refers about 180 residents to social service providers and organizations per year. The Coordinator notes the most prevalent issues faced by residents who are referred out include rental arrears, utility arrears, evictions, homelessness, and mental or substance abuse issues. The majority (80%) of residents referred out to service provides are lowincome, while 10% are seniors and the other 10% are residents experiencing homelessness.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this segregation and integration analysis found that Cudahy is remarkably similar to other cities in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. The surrounding region is significantly less well-off compared to the larger County. Within the City of Cudahy, the only segregation and integration indicator which isolates a portion of the City is the poverty indicator, which found that the eastern portion of the City (next to the Los Angeles River and I-710) features higher rates of poverty than the rest of the City.
Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty
Racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, also known as R/ECAPs, must meet the following definitions: 1) The area must have a non-White population of 50% or more and 2) The area must have 40% or more of the population living below the federal poverty line, or those where the poverty rate is three times the average poverty rate in the metropolitan area, whichever is less. In the surrounding Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the cities of Bell and Huntington Park have one and two R/ECAP tracts, respectively. The number of R/ECAP tracts increases markedly to the west, in City of Los Angeles along the I-110 freeway corridor.
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Figure 2.4026
R/ECAP Tracts - Southeast Los Angeles Cities region
Based on HUD’s R/ECAP data from HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer, no Census tract in the City of Cudahy qualifies as a racially and ethnically concentrated area of poverty. According to 2015-2019 ACS (5-Year Estimates) data, 26.2% of Cudahy residents are experiencing poverty. The poverty rate in Cudahy is significantly higher than in the County of Los Angeles, wherein 14.9% of County residents are experiencing poverty according to the same data set.
In the City of Cudahy, the R/ECAP score is 0, however, there are pockets in the County of Los Angeles with R/ECAP scores of 1.
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Map 2.4027
TCAC Area of High Segregation and Poverty (2020) – Block Group High Segregation and Poverty Tracts
Despite the absence of R/ECAPS in the City, the Fair Housing Task Force, made up of the California Tax Allocation Committee (TCAC) and HCD, has identified tracts of high segregation and poverty in Cudahy. These two tracts are located in the eastern portion of the City, closest to the I-710 freeway. Tract 5338.06 is located on the easternmost end of the City. This tract includes the right of way in Cudahy which borders the I-710 freeway, the I-710 freeway, and residential areas in the City of Bell. Therefore, since this tract does not include any residences in Cudahy, this high segregation and poverty analysis will only evaluate Tract 5343.02. Tract 5343.02 is located in the southeastern portion of the City, close to the I-710 freeway and abutting the City of South Gate.
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Figure 2.4028
TCAC High Segregation and Poverty Tracts - Cudahy
According to high segregation and poverty measurement, the threshold for poverty is 30% of the population living below the poverty line and the location quotient is essentially a measure of the concentration of race in a small area compared to a county level. Tract 5343.02 has a Latino population with a strong majority, at 96.6%, which is common throughout the entire City. The poverty rate for this tract is 31.2%, which is the highest poverty rate for a Census tract in the City.
It also features low levels of educational attainment; it ranks the lowest of all six tracts in residents with a high school diploma or higher and in residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher.
There are also TCAC maps rating the economic score, environmental score, and education score of Cudahy Census tracts. These maps are included within this AFFH analysis.
Median Household Income, Household Size, Familial Status, and Disability In most other respects, however, Tract 5343.02 resembles the City at large. It has a median household income of $49,833 which is higher than the City’s median household income of $46,642 (although much lower than the County’s median household income of $68,044). It ranks 5th among the City’s six Census tracts, in terms of the number of foreign born non-naturalized residents. Tract 5343.02 ranks 3rd among the City’s six Census tracts, in terms of the largest average household size, with an average household size of 4.46 people. This average household
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size is similar to the City average household size of 4.2 people and far larger than the Los Angeles County average household size of 2.99 people. In regard to female headed households (no spouse/partner present) with children, tract 5343.02 ranks third highest compared to all six City Census tracts. Tract 5343.02 ranks fifth highest in the City with 175 households with one or more persons 65 years of age and over. The high segregation and poverty tract ranks 4th out of the six tracts (1 meaning the highest percentage of disabled residents and 6 meaning the lowest percentage of disabled residents) in terms in the percentage of disabled residents among the six Census tracts in the City.
Housing Quality, Park Need
Based on a windshield survey, the condition of residential buildings within the City’s high segregation and poverty tract is similar to the condition of residential buildings in non-high segregation and poverty tracts throughout the City of Cudahy. Generally, access to parks and open spaces within the City of Cudahy is low for residents. According to the Parks Needs Assessment for the City of Cudahy there are four parks in the City: Lugo Park on the western side of the City, Clara Park in the northern central portion of the City, River Pocket Park in the far eastern portion of the City, and Cudahy Park in the southeastern corner of the City (located within high segregation and poverty tract 5343.02). These four parks amount in 19.8 park acres in the City, which amounts to 0.8 park acres per 1,000 residents in Cudahy. This 0.8 park acres to 1,000 residents ratio is extremely low compared to the County average of 3.3 park acres per 1,000 residents. However, since the City is relatively small, approximately 82% of Cudahy residents live within a half mile of a park. The countywide average is 49% of County residents living within a half mile of park.
The same Parks Needs Assessment found the park need across the City. The assessment calculates park need by taking into account park acre need, distance to parks, and population density. According to the park need map, the entire City of Cudahy features either a very high park need or high park need. The City’s one high segregation and poverty tracts features very high park need (even though this tract contains Cudahy Park), as do the areas around most of the edges of the City. The central portion of the City features high park need. Generally, within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region park need is high and very high, while areas outside of the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region feature lower rates of park need.
Local Data and Knowledge
Cudahy Park, located within the high segregation and poverty tract, serves as a hub for community events and activities. The park features the following amenities: a playground, basketball courts, meeting rooms, a multipurpose grass field, open space, picnic tables, a skate park, a tennis court, trails, and baseball/softball diamonds. Additionally, the Cudahy Park complex includes community amenities such as City Hall, the Los Angeles County Public Library – Cudahy, Bedwell Hall (a public assembly/banquet hall available for rent by residents), and the City Council and Commission chambers.
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Infrastructure/Local Data and Knowledge
In terms of infrastructure, the entire City is well serviced, and no one census tract experiences a disadvantage in terms of access to infrastructure, such as water, sewage, gas, electrical, or telecommunication services.
Local Schools
There is one school located within the City’s high segregation and poverty tract, Park Avenue Elementary School. Park Avenue Elementary School and Dual Language Academy (Spanish) is a Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) school serving 330 transitional kindergarten through sixth grade students. Ellen Ochoa Learning Center, which is approximately 0.35 miles from Park Avenue Elementary School, serves K-8 students in the City of Cudahy while Elizabeth Learning Center, which is approximately 0.47 miles from Park Avenue Elementary School, serves K-12 students in the City of Cudahy. Both Ellen Ochoa Learning Center and Elizabeth Learning Center are LAUSD schools. Accessing Ellen Ochoa Learning Center and Elizabeth Learning Center from the high segregation and poverty tract requires crossing residential streets and no major thoroughfares.
SB 535
Disadvantaged communities refer to the areas throughout California which most suffer from a combination of economic, health, and environmental burdens. These burdens include poverty, high unemployment, air and water pollution, presence of hazardous wastes as well as high incidence of asthma and heart disease.
Disadvantaged communities in California are specifically targeted for investment of proceeds from the State’s cap-and-trade program. These investments are aimed at improving public health, quality of life and economic opportunity in California’s most burdened communities at the same time reducing pollution that causes climate change.
Authorized by the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32), the cap-and-trade program is one of several strategies that California uses to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. The funds must be used for programs that further reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
In 2012, the Legislature passed Senate Bill 535 (de Leon), directing that 25 percent of the proceeds from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund go to projects that provide a benefit to disadvantaged communities. The legislation gave CalEPA responsibility for identifying those communities. In 2016, the Legislature passed AB 1550 (Gomez), which now requires that 25 percent of proceeds from the fund be spent on projects located in disadvantaged communities.
As indicated in Map 8.31, the City of Cudahy is a disadvantaged community based on SB 535.
What this means for the City of Cudahy is that in the areas of environmental and social justice, a history of unfair treatment of communities, predominantly communities of people of color and/or low-income residents can be remedied. These communities have been subjected to disproportionate impacts from one or more environmental hazards, socio-economic burdens, or
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both. Residents have been excluded in policy setting or decision-making processes and have lacked protections and benefits afforded to other communities by the implementation of environmental and other regulations, such as those enacted to control polluting activities.
Map 2.4029
SB 535 Disadvantaged Communities
Environmental Conditions
The City of Cudahy’s high segregation and poverty tract in the southeast corner of the City along the I-710 freeway features a Healthy Places Index (HPI) score of 17.9, which indicates that the environment in the tract is slightly healthier than the average HPI score of 12.9 in Cudahy.
However, the HPI score of 17.9 in tract 5343.02 is significantly lower than the Los Angeles County average of 48.2. Census tract 5343.02 has healthier community conditions than 17.9% of other California tracts. Tract 5343.02 has a CalEnviroScreen pollution burden of 97. The only tract in Cudahy with a higher pollution burden is tract 5343.01, in the central southern portion of the City, with a burden of 98. The tracts along the eastern border of the City, such as the high segregation and poverty tract, are close to the I-710, which is a major diesel truck route in Los Angeles County.
The Healthy Places Index is structured to highlight the community conditions shaping health outcomes in neighborhoods across California. It is designed to showcase extraordinary data that properly frames and recognizes equity issues communities are experiencing, while also offering policy solutions to improve health for all. To ensure that everyone can live a healthy life, the HPI
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is a crucial resource for guiding informed prioritization of public and private investments, resource allocations, program planning and service delivery.
The HPI applies a positive, asset-based frame for community conditions that influence health while simultaneously offering a unique granularity of detailed data down to the census tract level across California. The methodology of the HPI score is also unique, as its eight Policy Action Area containing a total of 25 individual indicators are weighted to maximize the overall score’s association with life expectancy at birth. Additionally, the HPI offers detailed information on specific and actionable policy solutions to address community conditions across eight policy action areas.
The HPI score is the sum of its eight weighted Policy Action Areas: Economic, Education, Transportation, Social, Neighborhood, Housing, Clean Environment, and Healthcare Access. The final HPI scores are then assigned a percentile rank, with ranks closer to 100 indicating healthier community conditions, and ranks closer to 0 indicating less healthy community conditions.
As a city, Cudahy falls within the 0% to 20% percentile of all cities in the county of Los Angeles.
What this means is that 80% of the communities in the county exceed the city’s health potential value. Therefore, the City of Cudahy is not considered a city with high health potential. This can be due to a variety of factors such as: economy, education, transportation, social, neighborhood, housing, clean environment, and healthcare and healthy food access.
Figure 2.4030
Healthy Places Index Map - Cudahy
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Figure 2.4031
CalEnviroScreen Pollution Burden Map – Cudahy
Figure 2.4032
TCAC Opportunity Areas 2021 Environmental Score by Tract
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The TCAC Opportunity Area Environmental Score map finds that the tracts in the south and east of the City feature worse environmental conditions, compared to the tracts in the center and west of the City, which feature more favorable environmental conditions.
Through Program 29 (Environmental Enhancements) the City commits to reviewing a selection of environmental policies and regulations for adoption and implementation to reduce the amount that Cudahy residents are exposed to environmental contaminants.
Within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region many Census tracts qualify as TCAC Areas of High Segregation and Poverty. These tracts within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region fall within the cities of Huntington Park, Bell, Maywood, and Bell Gardens. Outside of the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, many Census tracts to the North and West of Cudahy qualify as TCAC Areas of High Segregation and Poverty.
Racially Concentrated Areas of Affluence
Racially concentrated areas of affluence are defined as Census tracts where: 1) 80% or more of the population is White and 2) the median household income is $125,000 or greater. No census tract in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region features a dominant White population and no census tract in the region features a median household income equal to or greater than $125,000.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the racial and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty analysis found no R/ECAP tract in the City. However, the City does feature one TCAC high segregation and poverty tract in the southeastern portion of the City, close to the I-710 freeway, the heavy manufacturing area in South Gate, and the Los Angeles River. Notably, this high segregation and poverty tract features the highest poverty rate in the City and the lowest educational attainment rate. The southeastern portion of the City also features higher levels of environmental exposure compared to other areas of the City, according to Cal Enviro Screen. However, other environmental indicators find that the southeastern portion of the City does not stand out in terms of higher levels of exposure to environmental contaminants.
Access to Opportunity
Access to opportunity is a concept to approximate place-based characteristics linked to critical life outcomes. Access to opportunity oftentimes means both improving the quality of life for residents of low-income communities, as well as supporting mobility and access to ‘high resource’ neighborhoods. This encompasses education, employment, economic development, safe and decent housing, low rates of violent crime, transportation, and other opportunities including recreation, and food and healthy environment.
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Educational Attainment, Access to Education
Figure 2.4033 illustrates the educational outcome disparity within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. According to the US Census 42.7% of Cudahy’s residents have less than a high school education. The percentage of high school graduates or higher of persons residing in Cudahy age 25 years or older is 50.7%. The percentage of residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher is
6.6%. Both the City of Cudahy and the Los Angeles Unified School District provide services in English and Spanish.
Local Data and Knowledge
The School District also offers immersion programs for Cudahy students. The Los Angeles Unified School District provides bus transportation for students residing in the City of Cudahy. Cudahy residents are served by the City’s Dial-A-Ride program, Los Angeles Transportation Authority, and Cudahy Rapid Transit. All buses are wheelchair accessible. As part of the City’s ongoing efforts to update and improve infrastructure including bicycle, pedestrian, and vehicular access the City, through Program 14 Infrastructure Availability, will continue to upgrade facilities as identified in the City’s Annual Capital Improvement Program.
Figure 2.4033
Education Score Map (More Positive Outcome versus Less Positive Outcome) – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region
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Figure 2.4034
TCAC Opportunity Areas (2021) Education Score – Tract
The TCAC Opportunity Areas Education Score map reveals that the City’s northwesternmost tract features the most favorable education outcomes. Since this map challenges the findings of the prior map both maps are presented for consideration.
Local Schools
There are five schools within the City of Cudahy. This includes elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools. All five schools within Cudahy are public LAUSD schools. According to Great Schools, the schools located within Cudahy’s borders have an average rating of 4/10, which is below average. The lowest rated schools (Elizabeth Learning Center, Park Avenue Elementary School, and Ellen Ochoa Learning Center) are located in the eastern portion of the City, east of Atlantic Avenue. One of these lowest rated schools, Park Avenue Elementary School, is located within the high segregation and poverty tract. In comparison to other schools within the region, the majority of which are also LAUSD schools, the schools in Cudahy are rated a bit lower than other schools in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. Access to more proficient schools does not appear to relate to protected characteristics within the City.
Youth Social Services/Local Data and Knowledge
Related to Cudahy’s youth residents, the service organization Jovenes provided local data and knowledge regarding the Cudahy youth they serve. Jovenes provides services to youth experiencing housing instability, such as interim housing (bridge housing for 3-6 month stays), transitional housing (24 month stay), Time-Limited Subsidy (permanent housing), Permanent Supportive Services, Employment Services, Intensive Case Management Services, Transportation, and Linkage to Benefits. Jovenes SPA 7 Regional Coordinator estimates the organization serves approximately 2 to 5 young adults from Cudahy per year, most of whom are lower-income and
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experiencing homelessness with disabilities and substance abuse. The Coordinator identified areas along the Los Angeles riverbed/under bridges as hotspots where youth have sheltered prior to being referred to Jovenes. The Coordinator mentions housing is available for Cudahy youth, however, the available housing is far away from the City which sometimes presents a challenge in placing youth.
Outside of the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, to the west of Cudahy there are more areas of segregation and racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty that correspond to lower quality LAUSD schools, the majority of which are rated either 2/10 or 3/10.
Accessibility to Jobs
Many of the jobs available in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities are blue-collar jobs. The blue collar jobs offered in the region are a great match for the skill set of the region’s population as well as the population of Cudahy. Cudahy is located in an area with high traffic congestion and job centers are not immediate to the community. According to HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer, HUD’s Job Proximity Index found that tracts in the western portion of the City are furthest in proximity from a concentration of jobs, tracts in the center of the City are locate closer in proximity to jobs, and tracts in the eastern portion of the City are located in even closer proximity to jobs. However, no tract in Cudahy qualifies as the closest in proximity or second closest in proximity to a concentration of jobs. To the north and east of Cudahy, census tracts are in closer proximity to a concentration of jobs in comparison to the City of Cudahy and the larger Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. Few high-income jobs are located in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region; the closest major professional job center is Downtown Los Angeles.
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Figure 2.4035
Job Proximity Map – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region Most protected classes (such as race, color, religion, sex/gender, gender identity/expression, sexual orientation, marital status, medical condition, veteran status, national origin, ancestry, disability, age over 40, and more) do not live anywhere specific within the City of Cudahy. In fact, the City presents very similar population characteristics in each Census tract. Due to this, the City’s protected groups experience the same difficulties in access to jobs within the region.
While jobs in Cudahy are easy for Cudahy residents to access, jobs within the larger region are not as easy to access, especially by residents who do not have access to a car. Cudahy does have public transit in the form of buses. In 2019, 72.5 percent of Cudahy residents drove alone to work,
12.8 percent used carpools, 7.8 percent took public transit, 2.4 percent walked, 2.4 percent used other means to commute to work, and 2.2 percent worked from home. Between 2011 and 2019, there was a 5.8 percent increase in the number of Cudahy residents who drove to work.
According to HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer (Smart Locations Database, 2018), the majority of Cudahy is located within a 45-minute transit commute of 100,001 to 250,000 jobs. The only area with reduced accessibility is located in the eastern portion of the City, bordering the I-710 and Los Angeles River. Within the surrounding area, the accessibility is similar to that in Cudahy. However, accessibility by transit greatly increases to the north and northwest of Cudahy. According to the same data set, the entire City of Cudahy is located within a 45-minute drive of 345,000 to 515,000
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jobs. The region features the same accessibility to jobs by car. The accessibility by car significantly increases for residents of Downtown Los Angeles.
In 2019, the mean travel time to work for Cudahy residents was 32.8 minutes. In a City of 1.2 square miles, nearly built out, this data indicates that Cudahy’s workers commute outside the City’s boundaries. The dominant mode of transportation for workers is a vehicle. In 2022 the City initiated the preparation of an Economic Development Strategic Plan to determine the needs of the City, programs to promote economic development to create more jobs in the City, and opportunities to increase revenues. Beginning in 2022 opportunities to address housing issues as part of economic development will be available through the City’s Economic Development Strategic Plan outreach efforts. Program 14 (Infrastructure Availability) has been amended to include a review of the outcomes of the economic development report as they relate to housing issues, including transportation opportunities, and the pursuit of funding sources for related infrastructure improvements.
Economy
Figure 2.4036 identifies the economic scores for the City of Cudahy by Census tract. One tract, located south of the city, has an economic demand score between 0.51 and 0.75. Two tracts in the north and northeastern portions of the city have a score below 0.25. The tracts located in the southern and western portions of the City have scores between 0.25 and 0.50.
Figure 2.4036
TCAC Opportunity Score Areas 2021 – Economic Score – Tract Transit Accessibility
Cudahy is serviced by two Metro bus lines, the 260 and 611, which run along various thoroughfares throughout the city such as Santa Ana Street, Wilcox Avenue, Atlantic Avenue, and Cecilia Street. Additionally, the City of Cudahy runs the Cudahy Area Rapid Transit system, which runs daily throughout the City from 7 am to 5:45 pm, with a bus running every hour. The bulk of
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Cudahy residents are within ½ mile of public transit. Transit service exhibits a moderate frequency. For example, Metro route 260 provides north-south service along Atlantic Avenue at roughly 15-20 minute frequency. Metro provides local service to Huntington Park and its surrounding Southeast Los Angeles Cities region (such as Cudahy, Maywood, and Bell) with Route 611 every hour. The greatest transit accessibility is therefore located near the intersection of Atlantic Avenue and Santa Ana Street. Cudahy is considered “Somewhat Walkable”, scoring 62 of 100 by WalkScore.com. It is also considered “Bikeable”, scoring 61 of 100.
The future Metro West Santa Ana Branch Line will improve Cudahy residents’ access to regional transit with one station at Firestone and Atlantic Avenues and one station at Florence and Salt Lake Avenues. Residents, particularly those in the southern and northwestern portion of the City, will have access to the north-south fixed rail service that will provide access to Artesia to the south and Downtown Los Angeles to the north, with connectivity to east-west rail service like the C Line in Paramount to the south and the L, B, D, and A Lines near Downtown Los Angeles.
Through Program 14 of this Element the City will construct at least one mile of bicycle lanes connecting to the future Metro station by 2027.
Most protected groups who reside in the City have sufficient access to transportation options.
One exception is disabled residents. While some disabled residents in Cudahy are employed, many disabled residents are not employed. In some cases, these disabled residents are unable to work, but in others these residents may experience difficulty in accessing jobs. Generally, disabled residents have disproportionate transportation needs within the City of Cudahy; however, the majority of disabled residents live with their families who are able to assist them in their transportation needs. Additionally, the City’s Area Rapid Transit system provides free daily transportation to City residents from 7 am to 5:45 pm, with a bus running every hour. The transit system connects the entirety of the City with stops in every neighborhood. Additionally, residents have the option to flag the bus down anywhere along the route, meaning riders are not required to board only at set stops.
Additionally, according to HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer (Caltrans 2022 data), the majority of the City of Cudahy is located within a ½ mile of a high quality transit area and there are multiple high quality transit stops along Atlantic Avenue and Wilcox Avenue in the City.
Disability
A full explanation of the needs of disabled residents in Cudahy is included in the Housing Needs Appendix of this Housing Element. However, a short summary is provided here. The most prevalent disabilities in Cudahy are ambulatory, independent living, and cognitive respectively.
These top disabilities are similar to those found in other cities throughout the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. Ambulatory disabilities are of particular concern in regard to access to opportunity, specifically to transportation, as previously noted.
Disability by age groups is as follows: 205 disabled residents 18 years old and under, 1,159 disabled residents aged 19-64, and 610 disabled residents aged 65 and up. This reveals that a
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large portion of disabled residents exist within each age group in Cudahy, meaning that the needs of disabled residents must be addressed for young people, adults, and seniors. However, the demand for disabled services for adults and seniors is far larger than the demand for disabled services for minors. The Census tract to the north, directly in the center of Cudahy, features a higher concentration of disabled residents than the other Census tracts. However, this one tract is only 1.8 percent higher than the percent of the population with a disability in the tract which ranks second in terms of the concentration of disabled residents.
Approximately 10.6% of Cudahy’s housing stock was built after 1990, which is the year when many regulations went into place mandating the building and inclusion of accessible housing units. Therefore, there are a limited number of accessible units in Cudahy for disabled residents.
The Housing Needs Assessment includes an assessment of supportive housing stock. Additionally, Appendix the Housing Needs Assessment does include an assessment of accessibility of homelessness programs. In each of these cases, the City of Cudahy does have resources available.
Through this Element’s Program 19 (Disability Access) the City shall continue to enforce the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and shall continue to require new development to comply with State disability access standards and the 2020 Los Angeles County Building Code.
Environmental Issues
The City of Cudahy is located in a region of significant environmental issues. These issues cause difficulties in accessing environmentally healthy neighborhoods for all, not only protected classes.
In 2021, the California Office for Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (COEHHA) released the fourth version of CalEnviroScreen, a tool that uses environmental health, and socioeconomic indicators to map and compare a community’s environmental scores. A community within the 75th percentile or above, is one with higher levels of pollution and other negative environmental indicators and is considered a disadvantaged community. According to the CalEnviroScreen 3.0 map, the City of Cudahy experiences a pollution burden ranging from 63 to 98 across Census tracts. The average pollution burden in the City is 89.17. This means the City of Cudahy has an overall pollution burden higher than up 89.17 percent of other communities within California.
The City’s high pollution burden percentile is similar to burdens throughout the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. The pollution burden lessens the further southeast one moves from Cudahy; however, the burdens still remain high throughout most of Los Angeles County.
Two of the City’s census tracts with pollution burdens ranging from 63 to 80 are located on the west side of the City, while four of the census tracts with pollution burdens ranging from the 91 to 98 are located on the north, south, and east along the Interstate 710 corridor. The higher the percentile scores, the more a community is vulnerable to the potential effects of pollution.
Interstate 710 is an important regional/national freight corridor, and the associated traffic volumes and air quality impact Cudahy.
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Overall, the City of Cudahy’s Census tract in the southeast corner of the City along the I-710 freeway experiences higher poverty and vulnerability in addition to worse environmental conditions. This tract in the southeast corner of the City is located directly adjacent to the I-710, which is a major source of air contamination in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, due to heavy truck traffic. Additionally, the southeast corner of the City is located directly across Wilcox Avenue from many of the larger industrial uses in Cudahy. South Gate’s M3 zone (Heavy Manufacturing) also directly abuts the southeasternmost Census tract in Cudahy. While this portion of South Gate is currently heavy industrial, in the future the City of South Gate plans to transition a portion of this M3 zoned area into a mixed-use Transit Oriented Development (TOD) area. A shift from heavy industrial to mixed-use TOD land uses will benefit residents of Cudahy’s southeastern Census tract, increasing the residents’ proximity to new commercial amenities and jobs and reducing the residents’ exposure to industrial contaminants.
Although there is not much the City can do regarding proximity to Interstate 710, the City’s implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) guidelines regarding construction and new development, can begin to mitigate some of the environmental impacts of pollution within the City.
Local Data and Knowledge
City staff and community members recognize that the southeastern portion of the City is located in greater proximity to environmental hazards, compared to the rest of the City. Due to this knowledge, the City is sensitive to issues relating to industrial uses in South Gate and is working with city of South Gate to address issues. The City has already taken steps to reduce environmental contamination in the City, through a ban on trucking terminals in the City and a tree planting requirement for multifamily residential development. Through Program 29 (Environmental Enhancements) the City commits to reviewing a selection of environmental policies and regulations for adoption and implementation to reduce the amount that Cudahy residents are exposed to environmental contaminants.
Meaningful Actions
The southeastern and northwestern sides of the City will have improved access to transportation when the West Santa Ana Branch Transit Corridor (WSAB) opens at the intersection of Firestone Boulevard Atlantic Avenue as well as Salt Lake Avenue and Florence Avenue. The equitable TOD Plans (for the Florence/Salt Lake Station Area by the neighboring City of Huntington Park) promotes equitable development around the WSAB stations in an effort to prevent transit and investment driven displacement.
In anticipation of the new WSAB station at Firestone and Atlantic Avenues, the City of South Gate and Cudahy are both planning new TOD areas surrounding the station. The City of South Gate, which borders Cudahy to the south, has adopted the Gateway District Specific Plan. This area in South Gate, which is currently characterized by existing light to heavy-industrial uses and emerging retail uses, is intended to become a dense “transit village” designed to support a highlevel of pedestrian activity. South Gate also recently saw the development of the Azalea Regional
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Shopping Center abutting the southern boundary of Cudahy, close to the future WSAB station.
Some businesses which moved into this Shopping Center are Walmart, Ross Dress for Less, ULTA, Michael’s, and more. It thus provides significant new job opportunities and new commercial amenities to residents of South Gate and Cudahy.
Additionally, the City of Cudahy plans to turn their current Entertainment District along the southern portion of Atlantic into Transit Oriented Development area. The City of Cudahy has a similar vision to South Gate, which is to bring new commercial amenities to Atlantic Avenue while also ensuring a pedestrian friendly experience in support of the new transit stop. Last, the City of Cudahy is proud to have a new Sprouts grocery store moving into the City. Historically, the City has not been able to attract high-quality, healthy grocery stores, so the City is excited for the future of commercial development for its residents. As with the Azalea Regional Shopping Center and the Gateway District Specific Plan, Cudahy’s TOD area will bring new job opportunities and commercial amenities into the City for its residents.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the access to opportunity analysis found that the City of Cudahy is similar to other cities in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region in terms of accessibility to education opportunities, a wide variety of jobs, open spaces, healthy environments, and more. The analysis found low levels of educational attainment citywide. Additionally, the analysis found jobs are not easily accessible from the City, as the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region does not feature any job centers. Professional jobs are even more difficult to access from Cudahy. In terms of accessibility to healthy living conditions, the analysis found that some of the City’s housing stock is in need of major repairs. Lastly, the entire region cannot be considered a healthy environment, due to the industrial uses in the region along with the location of the I-710.
Disproportionate Housing Needs and Displacement Risk
Disproportionate housing needs refers to a condition in which there are significant disparities in the proportion of members of a protected class experiencing a category of housing need when compared to the proportion of members of any other relevant groups, or the total population experiencing the category of housing need in the applicable geographic area. For purposes of this definition, categories of housing need are based on such factors as cost burden and severe cost burden, overcrowding, homelessness, and substandard housing conditions.
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Cost Burden
Cost burden refers to the number of households for which housing cost burden is greater than 30% of their income. Severe cost burden refers to the number of households for which housing cost burden is greater than 50% of their income. According to overpayment data from the 2015- 2019 ACS 5-Year Survey, as included in HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer, the majority of homeowners in the City of Cudahy are cost burdened. For the City’s Census tracts, the tract with the lowest rate of cost burdened homeowners is located in the northeast corner of the City. The two tracts with the highest rate of cost burdened homeowners are located in the northern central portion of the City and the northwestern corner of the City.
Figure 2.4037
Homeowner Cost Burden – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4038
Homeowner Cost Burden – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region Within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the majority of Census tracts feature high percentages of cost burned homeowner households, just like in Cudahy. The percentage of cost burdened homeowner households decreases further South into Downey.
The HCD AFFH Data Viewer also finds that all Cudahy Census tracts feature a high percentage of renter households that are cost burdened. Based on SCAG Pre-Certified Data, 59.3% of renters in Cudahy spend more than 30% of their income on housing and 30.3% of renters spend more than 50% of their income on housing. The two census tracts with the highest percentage of cost burdened renter households were in the northern central portion of the City and the northeastern corner of the City, all east of Atlantic Avenue.
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Figure 2.4039
Renter Cost Burden – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4040
Renter Cost Burden – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region Within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the majority of Census tracts feature high percentages of cost burned renter households, just like in Cudahy. The percentage of cost burdened renter households decreases further Southeast into Downey.
In response to overpayment, in 2022 the City adopted the Inclusionary Housing Program requiring inclusion of affordable units in market rate residential projects and the City has included Program 3 (Accessory Dwelling Units), and Program 5 (Affordable Housing Incentives). Currently, the City has a rent increase moratorium on multifamily housing, through January 18, 2023. This moratorium was put in to give the City’s Rent Control Ad Hoc Committee (Program 30) time to study and evaluate possible rent control and tenant protection programs, and the need to extend the moratorium. The moratorium will likely be extended until the committee is able to present its findings. It is likely this moratorium is resulting in less tenant harassment and evictions, which reduce the number of fair housing complaints received by the City.
Overcrowding
Overcrowding is defined as households having more than 1.01 to 1.5 persons per room. Severe overcrowding is defined as households having more than 1.51 persons per room. Overcrowding is an issue in the City of Cudahy, according to CHHS data from HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer. All Census tracts in Cudahy feature over 20% of households that are overcrowded. In fact, the Census tract with the lowest rate of overcrowding (28.18%) is located in the northwestern corner of the City.
The tracts with the highest rate of overcrowding (36%) in Cudahy are located on the eastern side of the City. Two of Cudahy’s Census tracts feature severely overcrowded households. Most
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significantly, the Census tract in the southeastern corner of the City features the highest percentage of severely overcrowded households, at 5%.
Figure 2.4041
Overcrowding – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4042
Overcrowding – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region
Overcrowding is also an issue within the larger Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. Within the City of Bell, all census tracts except one feature overcrowding rates over 20%. Additionally, all Bell census tracts but two feature severely overcrowded households. All but one census tract in the City of South Gate feature overcrowding rates over 20%. The one remaining census tract is an almost exclusively industrial area. In the City of South Gate approximately half of the cities census tracts feature severely overcrowded households. All but one census tract in the City of Huntington Park feature overcrowding rates over 20%. In the City of Huntington Park, seven of the City’s sixteen census tracts featured severely overcrowded households.
Outside of Cudahy within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the majority of Census tracts feature over 20% of households that are overcrowded. Severe overcrowding ranges from less than 5% to over 65% in different tracts in the region. The percentage of overcrowding decreases as one moves further Southeast within the region, towards Downey and Santa Fe Springs.
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Figure 2.4043
Severe Overcrowding – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4044
Severe Overcrowding – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region In response to overcrowding in the City, in 2018, as part of the City’s comprehensive General Plan and Zoning Code update, the City rezoned properties, increasing densities to encourage higher density residential development. The City adopted the Inclusionary Housing Program in 2022 to require the construction of affordable units within market rate projects and has amended Program 3 (Accessory Dwelling Units) and added Program 25 (Single Room Occupancy Units) to further affordable housing opportunities.
Substandard Housing Problems and Housing Stock Quality
Substandard housing problems include: 1) Lacking a complete kitchen, 2) lacking complete plumbing, 3) severe overcrowding, and 4) severe cost-burden. According to ACS and CHAS data included in HCD’s AFFH Data Viewer, the majority of cities within the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region feature 40 to 60% of households that have any of the four severe housing problems. Fiftytwo percent of households in the City of Cudahy feature any of the four severe housing problems.
Severe housing problems are also less prominent to the southeast, south of Lynwood, in the cities of Downey, Paramount, and Bellflower. In these cities, the percentage of households facing severe housing problems are 29.9%, 38.9%, and 35% respectively.
Local Data and Knowledge
Over half of the City’s housing stock was built prior to 1960. A citywide housing condition survey conducted in 2013 found that the majority of the housing units (5,403 units) in the City are in
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“Good” Condition, meaning no repairs were warranted. The same survey found 246 units in the City in “Minor Fix-Up/Paint-Up” condition, meaning only a new paint job or minor repairs were needed. Approximately 118 housing units were found to need “Major Repairs”, such as replacement of roof. Lastly, 3 housing units were found to be “Beyond Repair”. In addition, the survey conducted for the Housing Element found the “need to rehabilitate existing housing in Cudahy” to be a major concern of residents. Community members along with City staff recognize that the condition of housing in the City is not optimal. It is a priority of this Housing Element to improve the condition of existing housing throughout the 6th cycle.
The City has an active code enforcement division which responds to complaints, including maintenance and safety concerns. Through these code enforcement efforts, the City will continue to follow up with landlords to ensure repairs are made so the unit can be occupied, and the City will continue to assist homeowners to apply for rehabilitation funding; Program 8 (Housing Maintenance and Conservation), Program 12 (Neighborhood Preservation), Program 13 (Code Enforcement), and Program 23 (Housing Conditions Survey) also address housing quality.
Homelessness
Homelessness is an issue in the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region; however, it is less acute than in communities to the North and East of the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. The City of Cudahy has an unhoused population of 47 people (according to the 2022 LAHSA count), 45 of which are unsheltered. Within the greater Southeast Los Angeles Cities region, the City of Cudahy has a relatively small, unhoused population. Within Service Planning Area (SPA) 7, the total unhoused count in 2022 was 4,781.
As far as protected classes and the homeless population goes, this data is available at the Special Planning Area level. Service Planning Area 7 features 3,343 male homeless residents, 1,417 female homeless residents, 21 gender non-binary homeless residents, and 32 transgender homeless residents. Clearly, males make up the majority of homeless residents in SPA 7. As for sexual identity, the majority of homeless residents in SPA 7 identify as straight. Approximately 4,440 homeless residents identify as straight, 83 homeless residents identify as gay or lesbian, 134 homeless residents identify as bisexual, and 124 homeless residents identify as questioning.
As for race, the majority of SPA 7 homeless residents are Hispanic/Latino. Approximately 3,487 homeless residents are Hispanic/Latino, 618 homeless residents are Black/African American, 623 homeless residents are White, 3 homeless residents are American Indian, 24 homeless residents are Mixed-race, 14 homeless residents are Asian, and 12 homeless residents are Native Hawaiian.
As for medical conditions, the two most prevalent conditions are substance abuse disorders and serious mental illness. Approximately 589 homeless residents have physical disabilities, 1,192 homeless residents have substance abuse disorders, 637 homeless residents have a serious mental illness, 255 homeless residents have a developmental disability, and 21 homeless residents have HIV or AIDS. Approximately 110 homeless residents in SPA 7 are veterans. Lastly, approximately 50% of all SPA 7 homeless residents are over 40 years of age.
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The demographics of the homeless population in SPA 7 reflect most of the demographics of the typical homeless population or the population at risk of homelessness in Los Angeles County. The only difference is that SPA 7’s homeless population is majority Latino, which matches the majority Latino population of the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. Aside from race, there are no remarkable characteristics that SPA 7’s homeless population has that the county’s homeless population does not. There is an overlap between the City’s homeless population and the following protected class group, extremely low income households. The majority of homeless residents are unable to afford market rate housing due to their status as extremely low income households. Homeless residents and extremely low income households both are in need of affordable housing, the production of which is a priority within this Housing Element.
Program 9 (Hotel and Motel Resources) says that there are 160 hotel rooms which are sufficient to accommodate the local demand for shelter. When necessary, the City works with these hotel operators to place homeless residents in the City into these 160 hotel rooms. City staff states that the current demand for shelter is met by the Bell Salvation Army Shelter, in the neighboring City of Bell. The City of Cudahy works with the Bell Salvation Army Shelter to house Cudahy residents when the demand arises. At this time, there is not a demand to house homeless residents in local hotel rooms.
Local Data and Knowledge
The City of Cudahy employs a Homeless Services Liaison and a Supportive Services Coordinator.
Together these employees partner up with service providers, nonprofit agencies, and local businesses to offer and connect the homeless population or anyone that could experience homeless the appropriate services. They are also providing continuous information on available resources, workshops, and training. While there are no service providers or non-profit agencies focused on the homeless located in Cudahy proper, there are many providers and agencies that serve the City of Cudahy. These include the Salvation Army, which operates two local shelters in Long Beach and Bell which serve Cudahy residents. In addition, The Whole Child located in Whittier serves homeless families in Cudahy. Jovenes, located in Boyle Heights, serves homeless youth in Cudahy. These are just a few of the service providers and nonprofit agencies which serve Cudahy. Others include the LA County Department of Mental Health, LAHSA, SHARE Housing, and PATH.
According to City staff, Cudahy’s unsheltered homeless residents concentrate in and around the City’s parks. The majority of the contact that City staff has with unsheltered homeless residents occurs in the City’s parks. The City has four parks, Cudahy Park, Clara Street Park, River Pocket Park, and Lugo Park. These three parks are distributed throughout the City. Cudahy Park is located in the southeastern portion of the City, Clara Street Park is located in the northern central portion of the City, and Lugo Park is located in the western portion of the City. Additionally, the City’s Code Enforcement Department and Supportive Services Coordinator collaboratively do Homeless Outreach at local parks a minimum of 4 times a month.
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Social Vulnerability
According to the Centers for Disease Control, social vulnerability “refers to the resilience of communities (the ability to survive and thrive) when confronted by external stresses on human health, stresses such as natural or human-caused disasters, or disease outbreaks. Reducing social vulnerability can decrease both human suffering and economic loss.” “Socially Vulnerable Populations include those who have special needs, such as, but not limited to, people without vehicles, people with disabilities, older adults, and people with limited English proficiency.” “The CDC/ATSDR SVI ranks each tract on 16 social factors, including poverty, lack of vehicle access, and crowded housing, and groups them into four related themes. Each tract receives a separate ranking for each of the four themes, as well as an overall ranking.” According to the map below, the majority of the City of Cudahy features a high level of social vulnerability, as proven by the higher vulnerability classification (a rating over 0.75). The only portion of the City with a lower level of social vulnerability is the westernmost tract in the City, which features a social vulnerability rating between 0.5 and 0.75.
Figure 2.4045
Social Vulnerability Index (CDC, 2018) – Tract
Displacement Risk/Local Data and Knowledge
UC Berkeley’s Urban Displacement Project classifies Census tracts in terms of their “displacement typology.” According to the data, Cudahy ranks in the middle of its severity classification.
Cudahy’s neighborhoods are classified as “low-income/susceptible to displacement,” “ongoing displacement,” and “early/ongoing gentrification”. The contribution of new development to gentrification is probably minor, perhaps being limited to direct displacement of people affected by demolition of older housing in order to construct new housing. The survey conducted for this Housing Element found housing affordability to be a major concern of residents. Concerns regarding housing affordability are often accompanied by concerns of displacement in the event that residents can no longer afford the rent or home prices in Cudahy. The City’s recently adopted
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Inclusionary Zoning Ordinance, as well as Program 4 (Replacement Housing) will ensure that new affordable housing is created where ever older housing is demolished to construct new units, and will give those displaced opportunities to occupy new units.
Figure 2.4046
Displacement Risk – Cudahy
New development in Cudahy has not significantly altered the desirability of the broader community to the point where widespread gentrification is evident. Rather, displacement in Cudahy is driven by rising regional housing prices. Prices for housing have been rising throughout the Los Angeles region and the City of Cudahy is no exception. Thus, while Cudahy might not be experiencing disinvestment-driven displacement, investment-driven displacement, or disasterdriven displacement, the City is still experiencing significant levels of displacement pressure due to high housing costs.
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Figure 2.4047
Displacement Risk – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region The greater Southeast Los Angeles Cities region does feature displacement risk, ranging from early/ongoing gentrification, low-income/susceptible to displacement, ongoing displacement, advanced gentrification, and at risk or becoming exclusive. Those cities actively experiencing some level of gentrification are located closest to Cudahy within the region and they include cities such as South Gate, Bell Gardens, Bell, Maywood, and Huntington Park. Communities such as Lynwood, Bellflower, Downey, and Paramount, on the other hand have a lower gentrification risk, as these communities are more stable moderate/mixed income and at risk of becoming exclusive. However, gentrification is much less pronounced in these communities than in other parts of the Los Angeles region such as Mid-City, South Los Angeles (Crenshaw area), or Boyle Heights.
According to SCAG, between 2000 and 2020 median home sales prices in Cudahy increased 179% while prices in the SCAG region increased 151%. The rising cost of housing in Cudahy is reflective of trends in the SCAG region and throughout California, and increases the risk of displacement for residents, particularly lower-income households. While housing costs have risen in recent years, wages have not kept pace. The 2000 median income in Cudahy was $28,957 and the median income in 2020 was $46,642, which is a 61% increase. The difference in these trends indicates growing unaffordability of housing in Cudahy that may prevent low-income households from remaining in their homes over time. To address affordability challenges, the City adopted the Inclusionary Housing Program in 2022 and includes Program 3 (Accessory Dwelling Units), Program 6 (CDBG), and Program 25 (Single Room Occupancy Units).
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Figure 2.4048
Renter Vulnerability – Cudahy
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Figure 2.4049
Renter Vulnerability – Southeast Los Angeles Cities region The Urban Displacement Project classifies Cudahy’s renter vulnerability as very high at 7-10 on a 10-point scale due to the population’s high rent burden, overcrowding, and concentration of employment in low-wage sectors. The Urban Displacement Project classifies the Southeast Los Angeles Cities region’s renter vulnerability as 3-10 on a 10-point scale. However, most Census tracts within the region rank from 7-10, due to the population’s high rent burden, overcrowding, and concentration of employment in low-wage sectors.
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Figure 2.4050
Sensitive Communities (UCB, Urban Displacement Project) Additionally, according to UC Berkeley’s Urban Displacement Project the City of Cudahy is considered a community vulnerable to displacement, as are most communities in the surrounding region.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the disproportionate housing needs and displacement risk analysis found many similarities between the City of Cudahy and the larger Southeast Los Angeles Cities region. The City suffers from severe cost burdening, not dissimilar to the region and larger county. The City also features a high rate of overcrowding, similar to the region yet significantly higher than the County’s overcrowding rate. The overcrowding rate is highest in the southeastern portion of Cudahy. Additionally, the analysis found that a small portion of the City’s housing is in need of major repairs. Lastly, the analysis found that the City is impacted by rising housing prices and high renter vulnerability, which is common in the region and county.
Sites Inventory
The opportunity map prepared the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) and the California Department of Housing and Community Development were reviewed by the City. The
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opportunity map identifies areas in every region of the state whose characteristics have been shown by research to support positive economic, educational, and health outcomes for lowincome families. The TCAC data indicates that the City of Cudahy is divided into two composite scores, “high segregation and poverty” and “low resources.” These scores are used to determine the amount of federal and state tax credits that would be allocated to developers of affordable projects. Based on Cudahy’s scores, the developers of affordable housing in Cudahy could receive federal and state tax dollars for the development of affordable housing in the City.
Using the statewide opportunity area map and indicators of segregation, displacement risk, and access to opportunity as overlays to the City’s site inventory, the City was able to identify if the sites identified in the inventory to accommodate the lower-income RHNA disproportionately concentrate these units or increase patterns of segregation. Although the entire City of Cudahy is characteristic of low income, low education levels, overcrowding, overpayment, and vulnerable to the potential effects of pollution, a review was still completed to identify if there was any indication that the RHNA sites were concentrated in one specific area of the City or not. This Housing Element features 31 sites within its site inventory, including available sites (labeled with a site number corresponding to Appendix A on the map below), pending sites (labeled P# on the map below), and constructed sites (labeled C# on the map below).
Figure 2.4051
Cudahy Site Inventory by Income Level
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Figure 2.4052
Cudahy Site Inventory Split by Three Income Levels
Eleven of the 31 inventory sites accommodate or are expected to accommodate lower income housing. Three of these eleven sites are pending sites, two sites are constructed sites, and the remaining six sites are available sites.
One of the eleven sites will accommodate 100% affordable housing, except for one above moderate income manager’s unit. This 100% affordable development is the pending 179 unit senior affordable housing project (4610 Santa Ana Street). The progress towards the development of this senior housing project is detailed within Chapter 4 of this Element. This 100% affordable pending development (P1) is located in the southwestern corner of the City.
The two other pending sites which accommodate lower income housing (P3 and P7) are located in the southeastern corner of the City and the central northern portion of the City respectively.
The two constructed sites which accommodate lower income housing (C3 and C4) are located in the central northern portion of the City and the southwestern corner of the City respectively.
Site Number Lower Income Units Moderate Income Units Above Moderate Income Units Total Units P1 179 0 1 180
P2 0 0 3 3
P3 1 0 3 4
P4 0 0 8 8
P5 0 0 1 1
P6 0 0 3 3
P7 4 0 38 42
C1 0 0 1 1
C2 0 0 4 4
C3 5 6 9 20
C4 6 0 42 48
C5 0 0 4 4
1 0 4 24 28
2 0 0 2 2
3 0 0 1 1
7 0 10 0 10
9 0 7 0 7
10 0 6 0 6
11 0 10 0 10
12 0 6 0 6
13 1 1 14 16
15 0 3 0 3
16 0 2 0 2
17 2 1 24 27
18 2 1 24 27
19 2 1 19 22
21 0 3 18 21
22 0 3 18 21
23 2 1 16 19
24 0 16 0 16
25 22 0 66 88
Total 226 81 343 650
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The six available sites which accommodate lower income housing are sites 13, 17, 18, 19, 23, and
25. Site 13 is located in the northeastern corner of the City. Sites 17, 18, 19, and 23 are located in the central northern portion of the City. Site 25 is located in the central southern portion of the City along Atlantic Avenue.
This analysis of all eleven sites which accommodate lower income housing found that inventory sites with lower income housing units are located throughout the City, including 3 of the City’s 4 corners as well as the northern and southern center of the City. Two sites accommodating 185 lower income units are located in the southwestern corner of the City. One site accommodating 1 lower income unit is located in the southeastern corner of the City. Six sites which accommodate 17 lower income units are located in the central northern portion of the City. One site accommodating 1 lower income unit is located in the northeastern corner of the City and one site accommodating 22 lower income units is located in the central southern portion of the City. The southwestern corner of the City accommodates the majority of the inventory’s lower income units due to the pending development of 179 lower income senior units. However, it remains true that the inventory includes lower income units throughout the City, including 3 of the City’s 4 corners and the northern and southern center of the City.
The inventory’s eleven sites which include lower income housing are located in close proximity to a variety of services and connections which are utilized by Cudahy’s lower income residents.
The City of Cudahy provides several services and connections utilized by lower income residents.
The City’s Senior Center is located within Clara Park’s Turner Hall, located in the central northern portion of the City. The Senior Center is located in close proximity to 17 lower income units within the inventory accommodated within six sites. The Senior Center is located within a 15 minute walk of the the remaining five sites accommodating lower income units, including the 179 unit lower income senior development. Eight of the eleven sites accommodating lower income units are located within a ½ mile radius of the Senior Center.
The City of Cudahy has four parks located in the central western portion, southeastern portion, central northern, and northeastern portion of the City. All sites accommodating lower income housing except two are located within a 5 minute walk of one of Cudahy’s parks. Site P1 and 25, located in the southwestern corner and central southern portion of the City are located within a 10 minute walk of Cudahy’s Lugo Park. Through Program 35 (Open Space Development), during the sixth cycle the City will encourage new developments within the Entertainment Zone to provide public open space for the benefit of Cudahy’s residents. The Entertainment Zone is located in the central southern portion of the City, which happens to be an area of high park need in Cudahy and includes sites P1 and 25.
Most of Cudahy’s parks feature plentiful free and low-cost amenities and services for residents, including community centers, senior centers, picnic areas, playgrounds, facility rentals, baseball diamonds, soccer fields, basketball courts, and more. All eleven sites accommodating lower income housing are located within a ½ mile radius of one of Cudahy’s parks.