Cupertino City Council
May 2, 2023

CC 05-02-2023

Oral Communications

Written Communications
1 Lauren Sapudar
From: Rhoda Fry <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, April 18, 2023 8:29 PM
To: City Council
Cc: City Clerk; City of Cupertino Planning Commission
Subject: Please attend Lehigh Meeting on April 26 (for public comment city council May 2, 2023) Attachments: cement plant.jpg
Follow Up Flag: Follow up
Flag Status: Completed
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear City Council and Planning Commissioners,
Since some of you are new to the Lehigh issues and for those of you who are not, here is an update on issues pertaining to Lehigh.

Regards,
Rhoda Fry

Supervisor Simitian Receives Unanimous Support on Lehigh Initiatives and April 26 Lehigh Meeting at 6:30 PM On April 18, Supervisor Simitian brought two referrals to the Board of Supervisors pertaining to Lehigh. The first referral is to obtain a legally‐binding commitment from Lehigh to not rebuild its cement kiln. Following an industrial accident in 2019, the kiln sputtered through to the beginning of 2020. During this time, the Bay Area Air Quality District (BAAQMD) received a plethora of phone calls reporting excessive pollution from the cement plant. The cement plant subsequently ceased operations and instead became a distribution center for imported cement. The kiln, which is fueled by petroleum coke, incinerates locally‐mined limestone and other imported materials to manufacture clinker. This portion of the cement‐making operation creates the most air pollution. The clinker is ground in a mill, mixed with other materials, and stored in giant silos for distribution. During a County meeting in November 2022, a Lehigh representative testified that the company would not rebuild its kiln because it would be too expensive to comply with modern pollution regulations but would retain its Conditional Use Permit in order to continue manufacturing and distributing cement.

The second referral creates a policy framework developed by the County in cooperation with the City of Cupertino that sets forth joint planning principles that guide both jurisdictions when considering restoration and potential future development of the Lehigh site. At the April 7 Cupertino Chamber of Commerce meeting, Supervisor Simitian reported that the only land that Lehigh could develop is in jurisdictional Cupertino. About 400 acres of Lehigh’s 3500 acres are within Cupertino’s city limits.

Supervisor Simitian announced three goals: close the cement plant, stop mining the quarry, and begin restoration and reclamation of the property. The cement plant’s kiln and active mining shut down three years ago. Reclamation, which is required to occur concurrently with mining is grossly overdue. The 2012 County‐approved plan stipulates that mining‐ waste‐rock piled upon over 300 acres would be placed in the quarry pit to protect water‐quality and to shore up the crumbling ridgeline at Rancho San Antonio Open Space Preserve. Instead, the County is awaiting a new proposal that would transform the quarry into a for‐profit landfill with an estimated 600 truck trips per day for 30 years. In March, the Santa Clara Valley Water District Water Storage Exploratory Committee rejected the idea of turning the quarry into a lake for water storage.

To attend the Lehigh meeting in person or via zoom to learn about the organizations that are in charge of regulating the facility, please visit this link:
2 Lehigh Cement and Permanente Quarry Information ‐ Supervisor Joe Simitian District 5 ‐ County of Santa Clara (sccgov.org)

Links:

April 18 2023 Board of Supervisors items 20 and 21: http://sccgov.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_Meeting.aspx?ID=14890 November 17 County Housing, Land Use, Environment, and Transportation Committee (HLUET) item 5:
http://sccgov.iqm2.com/Citizens/FileOpen.aspx?Type=14&ID=13084&Inline=True March 29 2023 Santa Clara Valley Water District Water Storage Exploratory Committee item 5.2: https://s3.us‐west‐

1.amazonaws.com/valleywater.org.us‐west‐1/s3fs‐public/WSEC‐Agenda‐03292023.pdf

1 Lauren Sapudar
From: Matthew Tinsley <[email protected]>
Sent: Friday, April 28, 2023 10:29 AM
To: City Clerk
Subject: supplemental materials for upcoming Council meeting Attachments: Cupertino FCCH letter MRT 04282023.pdf; Family Child Care CUPERTINO.pdf CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear City Clerk

Please find attached a letter to the Mayor and Council and an informational flier on family childcare homes in the City of Cupertino. Please include these as supplemental meeting materials for the upcoming Council meeting. Also, please be aware that I intend to make an oral communication on this topic during this next meeting.

Best, Matt Tinsley

Matthew Tinsley, Ph.D.

Director – Strong Start
Office of the Superintendent
Santa Clara County Office of Education

1290 Ridder Park Drive MC 243
San Jose, CA 95131‐2304
(408) 453‐6807
[email protected]

Maximizer – Input – Strategic – Relator –  Ideation
Pronouns: he / him / his

Office of the City Clerk
City of Cupertino
10350 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014

April 28, 2023

ORAL COMMUNICATIONS: Support for Licensed Family Child Care Home (FCCH) providers in Cupertino

Dear Mayor Wei and City Councilmembers,

Licensed Family Child Care Home (FCCH) providers are skilled early learning professionals, typically women of color, whose small businesses provide an essential service in Cupertino.

According to data from the California Department of Social Services, twenty FCCH have closed in Cupertino since the beginning of the pandemic. These closures negatively affect children’s academic and social development, and directly reduce family member’s workforce participation, increase absenteeism, and have negative impacts on employers and the local economy.

The City of Cupertino can support these essential small businesses by:

1. Updating City Policies to Reflect that FCCH is a Residential Use of Property Using a home as an FCCH is an accessory use of a residential property (Cal. Health & Safety Code § 1597.43(a)) and is a use by right for the purposes of all local ordinances (Cal. Health & Safety Code § 1597.45(a)).

2. Waiving All Local Fees and Charges to Operate an FCCH Upfront costs are a disincentive to open these low margin businesses and may conflict with California Health & Safety Code: “A local jurisdiction shall not impose a business license, fee, or tax for the privilege of operating a small or large family daycare home (§ 1597.45(b)).

3. Including FCCH in Small Business Programs, Supports and Grant Opportunities FCCH providers are small business owners who need access to the same supports as other entrepreneurs. Intentionally including them in outreach to existing small businesses programs will strengthen their ability to serve Cupertino families.

Thank you for considering these actions. Please feel free to contact Dr. Matthew Tinsley, Director, Strong Start at the Santa Clara County Office of Education ([email protected]) with any questions.

Sincerely,
Mary Ann Dewan, Ph.D.

County Superintendent of Schools
Cupertino
Support Family Childcare Homes in
Cupertino can support these essential small businesses by:

Updating city policies
to reflect that an FCCH is a
residential use of property
Waiving all local fees
and charges to operate
an FCCH business
Including FCCH
providers in small business
programs, supports and
grant opportunities.
20% of licensed childcare
capacity in Cupertino for
children 0-5 is in FCCH.
20 of 75 FCCH
closed during the
pandemic in Cupertino,
slowing economic recovery.

Family Child Care Homes (FCCH) are small businesses
primarily owned by women who are Black, Indigenous or people of color (BIPOC), who provide childcare in their homes.

From: Rhoda Fry
To: City Clerk; City Council
Subject: Cupertino City Council May 2, 2023 non-agenda oral communications Date: Monday, May 1, 2023 6:08:38 PM
Attachments: Cupertino City Council May 2 2023 non-agenda oral communications.pdf CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear City Clerk,
Please include the contents of this file for Cupertino City Council May 2, 2023 non-agenda oral communications
Thanks,
Rhoda Fry
1 From: Rhoda Fry (40-year resident, 2022 CREST award recipient) For non-agenda oral communications Cupertino City Council May 2, 2023 RE – Budget

1. Live within our means

2. Don’t consider selling our water - voters taxed their water with a revenue bond to buy it

3. Don’t consider selling our open space (golf course) – voters taxed themselves to buy it

4. Cupertino news per Bloomberg (up to $40M payback to State from audit)

1. Live within our Means
On a per-capita basis, Cupertino has outperformed its neighbors. Cupertino needs to learn to live within its means. Let’s work on being more frugal. Why are we continuing to fund massive Capital Improvement Projects (CIPs), post job openings and more?

2. Don’t Consider Selling our Water
Don’t sell water to San Jose Water, which is a subsidiary of a publicly-traded company that owns several water companies nationwide. If we sell it, we will not have any flexibility as to the company that operates the water that we now own or the prices we pay. We will have no leverage. Cupertino derives ongoing lease income from our water. We must keep it that way.

Cupertino Citizens voted for a revenue bond to by Water Works of Monta Vista Ltd in 1959. If you know the history, you will better understand why our water is so very precious.

Here you will find two documents pertaining to the history of the purchase and the history of Water Works of Monta Vista LTD:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/y2cwjg0nt4nj6tl/AABT_3uAthNWDFuM5O5UKyfza?dl=0 0 10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Per Capita Sales/Use Tax Income
Cupertino San Jose Los Altos
Mountain View Saratoga Sunnyvale
2 Text of Special Revenue Bond Election to purchase the water system in 1959:

MEASURE (A) (WATER SYSTEM): Shall the City of Cupertino issue revenue bonds (in the principal amount of $1,000,000, pursuant to the Revenue Bond Law of 1941, to provide funds for: the acquisition, construction, improvement and financing of the: following enterprise, to wit: A water system for the supply, treatment, storage, transmission and distribution of water, including lands, easements, reservoirs, water rights, water tanks, water mains, wells, pumps, pumping equipment, storage, treatment: transmission and distribution facilities, and other works, properties or structures necessary or convenient for a municipal water system for the City of Cupertino?
Can the City Council make a unilateral decision about the water residents voted to buy?

3. Don’t Consider Selling our Open Space
In 1990, the voters of Cupertino elected to tax themselves with the Utility Users Tax (UUT) in order to purchase Blackberry Farm to preserve as open space . We received mailers asking voters to save the oaks and prevent development. Other properties were included in the purchase, but the main driver was Blackberry Farm. When the property would be paid off in 25 years, the tax would terminate. Enhancements were made through subsequent elections in 2002 and 2009.

Text of Measure T to Preserve Blackberry Farm as Open Space in 1990 (emphasis added) Shall Ordinance No. 1534 of the City of Cupertino, adopted by T the City Council of the City of Cupertino on August 9,1990, be approved in order to authorize 1) the acquisition and preservation of Blackberry Farm as open space, the acquisition and preservation of other open space land within the City and the construction of public recreation facilities consistent with the preservation and public use of the open space, and 2) the imposition of an electric, gas and telephone utility users excise Tax at rates of not to exceed two and forty hundredths percent (2.40 %) of the monthly bills for said utility services (subject to an exemption for senior citizens), for a period of not to exceed twenty-five (25) years, provided that the City Council has taken the initial legal action necessary to assure the completion of the acquisition and preservation of certain municipal facilities, constituting open space facilities, generally described in the Ordinance?

In 2002, Cupertino residents voted for Measure M which extended the utility tax for an additional 15 years Measure M 2002, for general city services and programs. The City Attorney’s impartial analysis reaffirmed that Blackberry Farm was to be preserved as open space. The Argument in Favor of Meausre M, unanimously signed by the City Council stated, “In 1990, the voters of Cupertino approved a 2.4% utility tax to fund the capital improvement program, which included the preservation of Blackberry Farm and Creekside Park as permanent open space.

These properties are now public parks for all residents to enjoy.” In 2009, Cupertino residents voted to extend the tax to an additional range of services, including cell phone usage.

Read more about 2002 here: http://www.smartvoter.org/2002/03/05/ca/scl/meas/M/

Can the City Council make a unilateral decision about the land that residents voted to buy? 3 4. Cupertino news per Bloomberg
At the April 13, 2023 City Council meeting, the public was not informed as to how far back the CDTFA could go in its audit and what the maximum payback about might be. Laura Mahoney has written two informative articles on this topic for Bloomberg, Apple’ s Local Tax Arrangement With Hometown Comes Under Fire https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-13/apple-s-local-tax-arrangement- with-hometown-comes-under-fire#xj4y7vzkg
Apple’ s Hometown Will Appeal Sales Tax Loss Tied to Sharing Deal https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report-state/apples-hometown-will-appeal- sales-tax-loss-tied-to-sharing-deal
The salient points of the second article, which is behind the paywall, are as follows:

1. Cupertino will appeal the CDTFA audit if its decision is not favorable to the City.

2. Assuming that the CDTFA audit pertains to Apple, Apple will be responsible for the cost of the appeal, “relating to whether the city is the proper point of sale location.”

3. Assuming that the CDTFA audit pertains to Apple, Apple will be responsible partial repayment of the money it has received.

4. State law allows CDTFA to go back 2 quarters from the time that the City was first notified of the audit. Cupertino has paid Apple about $20 million since the second calendar quarter of 2021. This implies that Cupertino could owe the State up to about $40 million. (The State pays the City $1 for every $100 for purchases that been made where Cupertino is the point-of-sale location. Due to a special agreement, all online sales in California of Apple products are considered to have taken place in Cupertino. 35% of the sales tax received by Cupertino on these transactions is returned to Apple.

Doubling the amount of money received by Apple is the approximate amount that Cupertino would owe to the State.)

Shouldn’t the public know that the City might have to repay approximately $40M to the State in addition an anticipated 73% decline ongoing sales tax revenue (creating a net 30% decline in the total decline in annual income)?

CC 05-02-2023
Item No. 6
Consider approval of the
second amendment to the
Countywide Household
Hazardous Waste Collection
Program
Written Communications
From: Kirsten Squarcia
To: Kitty Moore
Cc: City Clerk
Subject: RE: Agenda Item 6 Where to take HHW
Date: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 1:37:11 PM
Attachments: image017.png
image018.png
image019.png
image020.png
image021.png
image022.png
image023.png
image024.png
image025.png
image026.png
image027.png
image028.png
image029.png
image030.png
image031.png
image032.png
Hello Councilmember Moore, we will include this email with the written communications for tonight's agenda item number 6.

Regards, Kirsten

Kirsten Squarcia​​​​
City Clerk
City Manager's Office
[email protected]
(408) 777-3225

From: Kitty Moore <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 1:02 PM
To: Kirsten Squarcia <[email protected]>
Subject: Agenda Item 6 Where to take HHW

Dear City Clerk,

Please provide this email as written communications for Item 6 in case members of the public are wanting to know where to get information on Household Hazardous Waste.

Cupertino’s Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) webpage has information on where to dispose of it legally and properly:

https://www.cupertino.org/our-city/departments/environment-sustainability/garbage-and- recycling/residents/household-hazardous-waste

Regards,

Kitty Moore
Kitty Moore​
Councilmember
City Council
[email protected]
(408) 777-1389

CC 05-02-2023

#8

Art In-Lieu Fees for
Jollyman All-Inclusive
Playground

Written Communications
From: Lisa Warren
To: City Council; City Clerk
Cc: Chad Mosley
Subject: Questions related to May 2, 2023 City Council Agenda Item #8 -Use of Art In-Lieu Fees for Jollyman CIP Date: Monday, May 1, 2023 12:19:39 AM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Mayor Wei, Vice Mayor Mohan, Council Members Chao, Fruen and Moore, Please consider the following questions as they relate to Item #8 (consent calendar) for the May 2, 2023 City Council Regular Meeting. I would appreciate getting some responses prior to the meeting. I also hope that one, or more, of you will pull this item from consent, for discussion and public comment. It is unclear to me why it is currently listed as a consent item.

Thank you,
Lisa Warren
* Why is municipal code CMC Section 19.148 not mentioned in agenda item #8 staff report? * Why has there not been an effort, before now, to develop a policy on how Art-In-Lieu dollars is to be used ?
* During the November 22, 2021 commission meeting, there were questions asked of Staff about how the large in-lieu fee would be handled. The same questions have been asked since that time.
*Why wasn't a policy put in place when 'in-lieu' fees became an alternative for private projects ? Or at the very least, once this large amount of 'in-lieu' $ was approved by Arts and Culture Commission, why was a policy not discussed and drafted for presentation to Arts and Culture Comm and City Council ?

* Is it likely that the city will again have a sizable amount of funds in this art-in-lieu bucket ? * Is it reasonable to deplete the bucket without a true policy/procedure adopted ? How would the city judge/determine a project's successes and lessons learned ? * Why does the Staff report refer to the suggested five bulleted AIPG elements as 'art', when the municipal code explicitly states that they are not 'art' ? See CMC 19.148 * What is the breakdown of bid costs for each of the five elements being considered ? * Fiscal Impact Chart pg 3 of Staff report - "Fully funded' so why allocate $338K to include something not in approved design ?
* Do the County and State funds totaling $2,448,201 have required project milestones and completion date that, if not met, would result in forfeiture of grant funds ? If so, what are those dates and is the project on track to meet deadline ? *The city has two other large park projects in the works. Memorial Park and 'Lawrence Mitty' Park have both taken many years to get where they are at this point. * Why would they not be considered as projects that would benefit from all, or a portion of, the $338K ? With 'art' that would truly meet the criteria of the municipal code ? During the last 12 months or more, there have been public comments made to the city's consultants in reference to the use of these in-lieu fees for sound wall 'art', enhanced entrance 'art', and cultural 'art'. The suggestions could satisfy the municipal code definition of approved art.
* Why is the total amount of $338K being proposed for only one location in the city, as opposed to 'sharing the wealth' ? The $338K was calculated as 1.25% of the construction valuation of one single project (Public Storage). That amount of $338K is over 16% the city funded amount of $2,084,034. And for something that will go above and beyond the current design that took a very long time to arrive at.
* How is it fiscally responsible to spend an additional $100K(+) on 'contract amendments' when the in-lieu funds could be applied to project(s) not already fully designed or fully funded ?
Where is that $100+K cost shown as being added to the existing budget for the AIPG project ? * Could the Torre Ave Annex project benefit from the $338K bucket with art that fulfills the requirements of the municipal code ? Was that project/site considered ? Were any other projects considered ?
* Has the Budget for the Jollyman AIPG increased from the stated $4,532,235 ? This is stated to be a fully funded project with some dollars to spare ($4,557,235 is total of the existing 4 Funding Sources. This is $25,000 over the Budget total).

From: Peggy Griffin
To: City Council
Cc: City Clerk; City of Cupertino Fine Arts Commission
Subject: 2023-05-02 City Council Mtg-ITEM8 Art In-Lieu money - MORE QUESTIONS Date: Sunday, April 30, 2023 10:32:50 PM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

PLEASE INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING EMAIL IN WRITTEN COMMENTS FOR THE 2023-05-02 City Council Meeting, Agenda Item #8, Using/Abusing Art In-Lieu Fees for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground

Dear City Council,

There are several additional questions that need to be asked/answered regarding this agenda item #8.

Q3: What is the price breakdown of the individual components of this $338,146.86? This is a very exact number so please show each line item and how it totals to this amount.

Based on Agreement 21-272 MIG, Amendment1 – All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park, Page 38 of 54 below

Q4A: Based on the above schedule, is Task3 Concept Design completed? If so, where is it posted? Q4B: Based on the above schedule, is Task 4 Construction Documents completed? If so, have they gone out to bid? If not, why not?

Q5: The Staff Report says that there are no guidelines BUT our municipal code is VERY CLEAR on what is considered “ArtWork in Public and Private Developments”. It defines exactly what it can and cannot be! Q4: How can you go against a clear definition in our municipal code?

Sincerely,
Peggy Griffin
From: Peggy Griffin
To: City Council
Cc: City Clerk; City of Cupertino Parks and Recreation Commission Subject: 2023-05-02 City Council Mtg-ITEM8 - All-Inclusive Playground-Documents omitted and questions! Date: Sunday, April 30, 2023 9:09:07 PM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

PLEASE INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING EMAIL IN WRITTEN COMMENTS FOR THE 2023-05-02 City Council Meeting, Agenda Item #8, Using/Abusing Art In-Lieu Fees for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground

Dear City Council,

Below are the most recent agreements with MIG regarding the All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park and the most recent plans I could find. It would have been nice to have had this included as attachments to Agenda Item #8. The reference in the Staff Report to “Project 19-015” was no help in locating this agreement and the subsequent amendment or the plans! I had to brute force go through every year to find these so I’m hoping to save y’all time if you are interested in reviewing them.

IMPORTANT…Please note that in the Staff Report Recommended Action #3 “Authorize the City Manager to execute contract amendments for contingency of $100,489 for a total contract amount of $490,000”…I don’t see how they got that number. If you look at Amendment #1, I took the max allowed amount to $401,511.00. If you add $100,489 to that amount it takes it to $502,000!

Q1: Where are these numbers coming from to get to $490,000? Q2: Based on Agreement 21-272, Amendment1, it has a schedule on page 38 of 54 (see in RED below).

Q2A: Where is MIG on this project now?
Q2B: Are they within their budget? If not, how much are they over now?

I hope these questions are answered before any decision is made.

Sincerely,
Peggy Griffin

Agreement 21-272 MIG, All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park Max Compensation not to exceed $389,511.00
Paid in one lump sum, all inclusive, based on Exhibit C.

Based on Jollyman Park Aug. 2, 2021 RFQ and Addenda
Signed Dec. 9, 2021 by Acting City Manager Dianne Thompson PAGE 20 of 37 PROJECT SCOPE ASSUMPTIONS:

https://records.cupertino.org/WebLink/DocView.aspx?
id=942290&dbid=0&repo=CityofCupertino&searchid=3e982790-8ef9-47f4-9cf8-0b0aa8a77d89

Agreement 21-272 MIG, Amendment1 – All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park Changed to actual costs
Not to exceed $401,511.00; no payment in excess of contract price.

Additional services not to exceed $12,000.00
Signed Oct. 13, 2022 by City Manager Wu
PAGE 38 of 54 – EXHIBIT B: Schedule
https://records.cupertino.org/WebLink/DocView.aspx?
id=977582&dbid=0&repo=CityofCupertino&searchid=3e982790-8ef9-47f4-9cf8-0b0aa8a77d89

2018-10-10 Project Application with plans
This is what the city proposed to win the grant.
https://www.cupertino.org/home/showpublisheddocument/24281/636928460339570000

2018-10-02 CC Item #14 All-Inclusive Playground – Conceptual Plans The last presentation I can find. It seems like the Staff Report should have provided:

The current plan for the project.

The status of the current schedule – where they are in that schedule. https://records.cupertino.org/WebLink/DocView.aspx?
id=702795&page=16&dbid=0&repo=CityofCupertino&searchid=9021f439-e774-451c-bf6a-e491b1c6aee6

From: Peggy Griffin
To: City Council; Evelyn Moran; Chad Mosley
Cc: City of Cupertino Fine Arts Commission; City Clerk
Subject: 2023-05-02 City Council Mtg ITEM8 - Violation of Muni Code using Art In-Lieu fee! Date: Sunday, April 30, 2023 4:50:00 PM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

PLEASE INCLUDE THIS EMAIL AND ALL ATTACHMENTS IN WRITTEN COMMUNICATION FOR THE May 2, 2023 City Council Meeting, Agenda Item 8 – Jollyman Park All-Inclusive Playground.

Dear City Council and Staff,

I am appalled at this item even appearing on the City Council agenda for several reasons:

1. The city is having a budget crisis and staff is proposing to increase an already completely funded project by $338,146.96 that is on target to meet schedules!

2. Due to this proposed change, staff is increasing the MIG design contract by $100,489. In the report it’s called a “contingency” but really it’s increasing the contract to make this change!

3. The Staff Report says “no policy has been developed, and the CMC does not provide guidance” yet
a. We have an entire Muni Code Section 19.148 REQUIRED ARTWORK IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DEVELOPMENTS that addresses this topic!
b. We also have CC Resolution No. 05-040 that has specific documents and agreements that artists must sign before their artwork can be displayed or accepted!

4. It’s in violation of our Municipal Code:
a. Muni Code 19.148.040(C) specifically states playground equipment is INELIGIBLE! (See below)

5. It does not follow the intent of the Public Artwork requirement in our Muni Code. a. Muni Code Section 19.148 and
the City Council Resolution No. 05-040, which the code
refers to, is geared towards promoting individual artists! There are waiving of copyrights.

There is the requirement of the artwork being an unique, one-of-kind, signed artwork.

Many places it talks about the artwork being visible from the street as motorists drive by. b. If I were a developer being forced to pay an Art In-Lieu fee I would be very upset at the mis- use of the fees I was forced to pay!

6. This is a money grab!

PLEASE DO NOT ALLOW THIS! PLEASE uphold the letter and the intent of this law. Don’t play games with public money.

Sincerely,
Peggy Griffin

VIOLATION OF MUNICIPAL CODE SECTIONS

From: Michael Laitila
To: City Clerk
Subject: Public Art Money
Date: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 6:28:44 AM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Please vote no on Agenda number 8. Do not use Public Art money for Jollyman playground project.

Michael Laitila
From: Janet Liang
To: City Council; City Clerk
Subject: Art funds for city playground construction
Date: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 5:02:37 AM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear City Counsel/To Whom it May Concern,
It is a wonderful idea to incorporate art funds to build a playground so that the art money can be utilized for a dual purpose instead of just for display of art.

Is there an option to vote for this money towards a playground at a different location such as in the grassy area next to the Cupertino Library? With the intent to show case art of our city, isn't nearby the Cupertino Library and City Hall a much better location? I am a mother of two young children (ages 4 and 6) and I have always wished there was a playground by the Cupertino Library so I don't have to drive somewhere else for the kids to work off their energy or get their daily exercises. This would not only be a great convenience, but would also help reduce the waste of gas and increased pollution. I believe the families who live in the complexes by the library would greatly appreciate the addition of the lovely art display and playground within walking distance.

Younger kids who go to the library would have a much richer experience and appreciation for this structure as well.

On the other hand, Jollyman Park already has two playgrounds. I find it less useful to have another playground in the same park. Assuming in order to build this structure, the land selected might be the open grassy area. However, this open grassy area at Jollyman Park serves visitors with a versatile option of activities, even flying a kite or having a picnic on the grass.

Based on the points above, I feel that the money for art and playground would be much better spent building the playground by the Cupertino Library.

What do we need to do to change the art playground location? Sincerely,
Janet Liang
From: Hal and Janet Van Zoeren
To: City Council; Cupertino City Manager"s Office; City Clerk Subject: In-lieu Art Funds
Date: Monday, May 1, 2023 11:30:18 PM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear Mayor Wei, Vice Mayor Mohan, and Councilmembers Chao, Moore, and Fruen, I support the staff recommendation regarding the use of the first-in-lieu art fee monies toward public art in conjunction with the Jollyman Park All-Inclusive Playground.

Sincerely,
Janet. Hal, and Cindy Van Zoeren
From: Peggy Griffin
To: City Council
Cc: City Clerk; Evelyn Moran; Luke Connolly
Subject: 2023-05-02 City Council Mtg-ITEM8 - All-Inclusive Playground violation of Art in-Lieu Fees Date: Monday, May 1, 2023 9:55:49 PM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

PLEASE INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING EMAIL IN WRITTEN COMMENTS FOR THE 2023-05-02 City Council Meeting, Agenda Item #8, Using/Abusing Art In-Lieu Fees for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground

Dear City Council,

I have read the “Supplemental Reports” for Item 8 and still believe this is a violation of our Municipal Code. These components are NOT ART! They are playground equipment commonly used in all- inclusive playgrounds. By definition, an all-inclusive playground is a multi-sensory, multi-age (even for adult sized/weight kids) playground.

I have 3 final points below:

POINT #1 – CHANGING PLANS NOW RISKS MISSING THE DEADLINE The current project is fully funded, the design is complete and the construction documents are LATE. Based on the schedule in Amendment#1, the construction documents were to have been completed in April 2023, giving them 13 months to complete the project by the June 24, 2024 deadline.

Now even with no changes, the construction documents are not going to be completed until August 2023, leaving only 10 months for an RFP, awarding the contract and to build the entire project by the June 24, 2024 deadline!

Changing plans will add even more delays when we can’t afford ANY delays! This will jeopardize completing the project on time. It is critical we make this June 24, 2024 deadline because this deadline was already been extended by 2 years. DO NOT risk adding more costs to the city by missing this deadline. Don’t change the design!

POINT #2
The Supplemental Report seems to have a contradiction. There is no intent to “commission an artist”. MIG is just going to do what they normally do – design it!

SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT PAGE 26 of 36
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT PAGE 31 of 36

NOTE: If this is a “custom design” paid for with special funds, MIG should sign legal documents transferring copyrights to the City and that the designs will not be reused in any subsequent projects.

POINT #3
By allowing this mis-use of funds for playground equipment AND saying MIG is a commissioned artist, you are opening the door for developers to avoid paying these fees or installing “real Artwork” by installing playground equipment on their sites and calling it “Art”!

Sincerely,
Peggy Griffin
From: Jean Bedord
To: City Council; Cupertino City Manager"s Office; City Clerk Subject: Agenda Item 8: Art in-Lieu fees for Jollyman All-Inclusive Playground, May 2, 2023 Council meeting Date: Monday, May 1, 2023 9:17:34 PM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Honorable Mayor Hung Wei, Vice Mayor Sheila Mohan, and Councilmembers Liang Chao, J.R. Fruen and Kitty Moore,
I support the staff recommendation for this item, and encourage the council to unanimously approve this item.

As the first in-lieu art fee received by the city, it's an opportunity to match restricted funds with a capital project which could benefit from additional public art (as requested by the public), which was not included in the original design and funding. Traditionally, required public art has been placed in the project providing the funding. This will be happening with the Marina Plaza Project which has an estimated $1.75 M+ for public art, which includes:
• Major art pieces shall be placed at the major intersection focal points • North DeAnza Blvd. & Alves Drive, and Bandley & Alves Drive • Works of art from each of the Sister Cities’ areas to highlight the Sister City relationship and history,
created by local artists.
• Artistic hardscape elements such as bicycle racks, and benches crafted by local artist(s) Actual placement of public art, however, can be quite problematic. The Public Storage site is not appropriate for public art. Staff is to be commended for recognizing that the Jollyman all-inclusive playground is an excellent match for placement of public art. The timing is good, since placement can coincide with construction of an already approved CIP project, thus leveraging costs and time, so will be available to the public in 2024. when the park opens. This in-lieu fee was approved by the Art and Culture Commission in 2021, so it has taken years to get to the point of identifying a suitable location. The next step is to develop a proposal.

Please approve this assignment of funds -- don't create unnecessary bureaucratic barriers to improving a highly anticipated project.

Warm regards,
Jean Bedord
Cupertino resident
From: Rhoda Fry
To: City Clerk; City Council
Subject: May 2 City Council - Agenda #8 don"t use our $338,146.86 funds earmarked for public art for playground construction
Date: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 2:51:58 AM
Attachments: Playground Staff Report.pdf
B- Art Concept Options.pdf
CMC 19.148 Artwork.pdf
A- Draft Resolution.pdf
CC 06-15-2021 Searchable Packet.pdf
CC 11-16-2021 Searchable Packet.pdf
Importance: High
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear City Clerk – please include the text below and the contents of the attachments in Public Comment on agenda #8 for the May 2, 2023 City Council Meeting – Thank You.

Dear City Council,

I am writing you because I am deeply troubled by the proposal to use $338,146.86 in funds earmarked for public art for playground funding. The playground should be funded through Capital Budget Funds and not through our Public Art Money. The Public Art Money came from fees paid by developers for public art. The developers chose to not install public art and instead paid “Art In-Lieu Fees.” These fees must be used for public art and not for playgrounds.

This is on Today’s May 2 City Council Agenda #8:

Consider approving the use of funds from the Art In-Lieu Fees for the Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground (AIPG) Capital Improvement Programs (CIP) project.

There are many reasons to deny the diversion of public-art funding to playground construction. The playground concept has been known for years and is already funded with $2.1M of City funds and $2.5M in grants for a total of $4,895,381.86. (By the way, on 6/15/2021, the cost was $3,678,000 and by 11/16/2021 it was $5,465,361. See last 2 attachments.) The proposal to use our Public Art Money is not being used to enhance the existing project’s design, rather it is taking our Public Art Money that could be used anywhere in our City. The City should either scale back on the project or instead draw from the General Fund or even our investment account that has a balance of $150M. Additionally, there are allocated portions of our budget that we have not used in years, such as the extra library hours that the County no longer charges for – that would more than cover the playground budget.

Finally, at the 6/2/22 Parks and Recreation Meeting, the survey results said that artistic / colorful elements ranked #2 in the desires of the public – it would make no sense for these colorful elements to be eliminated if our Public Art Money wasn’t made available.

The proposed diversion of funds clearly violates our Municipal Code’s 19.148 Public Art Purpose and Intent. The Purpose and Intent is to “Enhance community and identity” and to “Provide attractive public arts to residents and visitors alike.” The short list of over nearly $340K in playground features do nothing to support our Municipal Code’s Purpose and Intent. Not only does the proposal violate the spirit of our Municipal Code, it also violates specific line items. Although the Municipal Code deems the following to be ineligible, “Directional or other functional elements such as supergraphics, signing, or color coding,” “playground equipment,” and “Landscaping and garden features,” the proposal suggests using our Public Art Money for a “Multilingual Tactile Sign,” “Decorative sun kaleidoscope feature,” and even “viewing binoculars.” The CMC states, “Artwork shall be identified by an appropriate plaque or monument not less than eight by eight inches.” How do you put a plaque that size on binoculars? Moreover, “The artwork shall be easily visible from the public street” and this would not be the case. The draft resolution even obfuscates the objective of this diversion – nowhere does it mention diverting our precious Public Art Money. If approved, this misappropriation of our Public Art Money would be well-hidden behind a General Fund account number.

We must invest our Public Art Money in Public Art. Find another way to add funds to the already well-funded project or scale back the project. PLEASE VOTE NO on item #1 and #2.
(I was glad to see that #3 has already been removed from this agenda item.)

Attachments:

Council Packet - Playground Staff Report
Council Packet - Playgorund Art Concepts
Municipal Code
Council Packet – Draft Resolution to divert funds
2 budget documents

Link to City Council Agenda Item #8:
https://cupertino.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6180931&GUID=F55E1791-D0F4- 4E9E-AB6C-E401784EE15C&Options=&Search=

Sincerely,
Rhoda Fry
(408) 529-3560

CITY COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
Meeting: May 2, 2023

Subject
Consider approving the use of funds from the Art In-Lieu Fees for the Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground (AIPG) Capital Improvement Programs (CIP) project.

Recommended Action

1. Approve the use of appropriations of $338,146.86 from the Art In-Lieu Fee in the General Fund, for artwork within the Jollyman AIPG CIP project;

2. Adopt Resolution No. 23-XXX (Attachment A) approving budget modification no. 2223-274 increasing appropriations and revenue by $338,146.86 in the Capital Improvement Program Capital Projects Fund and increasing apportions in the General Fund to transfer out restricted funds for the Jollyman All-Inclusive Playground Project (budget unit 420-99-051, PVAR 007); and

3. Authorize the City Manager to execute any necessary contract amendments for a contingency of $100,489 for a total contract amount of $490,000 on the professional design services agreement between the City of Cupertino and MIG, Inc. for the Jollyman AIPG Project (Project 2019-15).

Reasons for Recommendation
Per Cupertino Municipal Code (CMC) Section 19.149.020(A), private development projects are required to provide public artwork in any development of 10,000 square feet or more for the construction of new buildings, and/or the expansion of existing buildings. In some instances, the placement of artwork on a particular property may not be feasible. The applicant may then apply to the Arts and Culture Commission for an in- lieu alternative if the development lacks an appropriate location for public art. In certain cases, an in-lieu payment of 1.25% of the construction valuation may be made to the City pursuant to the approval authority provisions of CMC Section 19.148.090.

Art and Culture commissioners approved the in-lieu payment for artwork at the “Public Storage” development site on November 22, 2021, at the Art and Culture Commission meeting. As this is the first art in-lieu fee received by the City, no policy has been developed, and the CMC does not provide guidance. Staff recommends that these funds be used for commissioning artwork within the Jollyman Park AIPG CIP project. Staff placed the restricted funds in the General Fund in Fiscal Year (FY) 2022-23 in a Restricted Fund balance category. Restricted fund balance means that the use of these funds has been restricted by the governing board of the organization. Jollyman AIPG would be a pilot project involving the art in-lieu fee and could serve as a model for future projects. At a future date, a policy and procedural document, which could be based on this project’s successes and lessons-learned, will be developed for ongoing use and application of this fund.

Staff recommends that the art in-lieu funds be applied to the Jollyman AIPG project because the opportunity to apply these funds to this project is limited by the grant- driven schedule. The Jollyman AIPG project must meet the schedule requirements set forth in our grant agreement. If Council prefers to appropriate the funds after a policy can be considered and initiated, the AIPG can continue its current schedule and scope definition without the public art element. Using the developer-paid art in-lieu fee/funding for Jollyman AIPG as a public art consignment is a single effort that produces two returns. First, adding public-facing interactive art on an easily accessible City-owned site enhances a sense of place and discovery. Second, the City can capitalize on construction and site preparation already in place with the established CIP project, which should allow for the art-in-lieu funds to be utilized more effectively than they might if the Jollyman AIPG project were not in place.

If the use of funds from the Art in-lieu Fee for the Jollyman AIPG is approved, it will be used to fund the following interactive art elements as part of the project:
• Decorative sun kaleidoscope feature
• Interactive Musical Bench
• Nature-related art, such as a bird-watching scavenger hunt, viewing binoculars, and colorful peeking windows
• Multilingual Tactile Sign
• Stair Mural

Examples of the art concept options can be seen in Attachment B.

If Council approves the use of the art in-lieu fee/funding, the next steps will include:

1. Project Team/Design consultant develops the artwork concepts and proposal within the context of the AIPG’s design, visual style, and site constraints.

2. Project Team/Design consultant presents the artwork proposal to the Arts and Culture Commission for their review.

3. After Art and Culture Commission approval of the artwork proposal, the Project Team/Design consultant will finalize the designs and proceed with fabrication and installation of the artwork in conjunction with the construction of the Jollyman AIPG. (The art will be included in the City’s ARTour program which catalogs and displays art inventory throughout the City.)

4. Create a policy and procedure document for this fund based on the project’s successes and lessons learned.

If City Council does not approve the transfer of the art-in-lieu funds to the Jollyman AIPG budget, the funds will stay in the current account, and the fully funded project will move forward without these unique art features. Since the Jollyman AIPG project is on a set schedule to meet grant requirements, the City would need to continue to advance the project without the public art element.

Sustainability Impact
No sustainability impact.

Fiscal Impact
The restricted fund balance category for art in-lieu totals $338,146.86. Staff recommends an appropriation of all the funds to a general fund non-departmental transfer out, and then transferring these funds into the Jollyman Park All-Inclusive Playground budget unit. This will result in a transfer in of revenue to the project. In addition, the project budget will be increased by a corresponding amount.

The Jollyman AIPG Project Budget (budget unit 420-99-051) has $4,532,235. The City has encumbered $554,428 to date, leaving a remaining budget of $3,977,807. The City is a recipient of two grants. The first was $1,448,201 from the AIPG Grant Funds from Santa Clara County. The second was $1,000,000 from the Specified Grant Funds from the State of California. The City has also funded $2,084,034 for the project. The City also received a $25,000 donation from Pacific Gas & Electric. With the approval of the recommended actions, the overall project funding would increase by $338,146.86 for the artwork features.

SOURCE AMOUNT
City funds $2,084,034.00
County of Santa Clara AIPG $1,448,201.00
State Allocation (Specified Grant Funds) $1,000,000.00 PG&E Donation $25,000.00
Art in-lieu Fee $338,146.86
TOTAL $4,895,381.86

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
The project is categorically exempt from CEQA per CA type and section numbers:
15301(c), 15302(c), and 15304(a), (b), (e), and (f).

_____________________________________

Prepared by: Evelyn Moran, Project Manager
Reviewed by: Chad Mosley, Interim Director of Public Works Reviewed by: Matt Morley, Assistant City Manager
Approved for Submission by: Pamela Wu, City Manager
Attachments:

A – Draft Resolution
B – Art Concept Options

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK
Inspiration Images
Description: The kaleidoscope art installation will tower above the play area like a beacon, centered at the top of the slide hill.

Colored glass will cast rainbow reflections below.

Process: Artist commissioned.

KALEIDOSCOPE INSTALLATION AT SLIDE HILL DRAFT ART INSTALLATIONS Attachment B

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK
Inspiration Images
Description: Colored plexiglass windows
set into the fence along the elevated
pathway to the slide hill create a rain-
bow of reflections and chances to peek
in on the action below.

Process: Custom design collaboration
between MIG and the wall fabricator.

COLORFUL PEEKING WINDOWS DRAFT ART INSTALLATIONS

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK
Inspiration Images
Description: Accessible binoculars offer
a view of the play area from the elevated
path to the slide hill. This feature is one of
several that turn a necessary walkway into
a Path of Discovery that invites play all
along it.

Process: Purchased from a manufacturer.

VIEWING BINOCULARS DRAFT ART INSTALLATIONS

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK
Inspiration Images
Description: Interactive musical feature to facilitate a social experience. The MusicBall pictured above can
be programmed with any variety of sounds or music
and is human powered. The bench at upper right
plays music when two people sit and hold hands.

Process: Artist commissioned custom bench or
design collaboration with manufactured equipment.

MUSICAL BENCH DRAFT ART INSTALLATION

BIRD SCAVENGER HUNT

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK
Inspiration Images

BIRD SCAVENGER HUNT DRAFT ART INSTALLATION
Description: Life-sized
animal sculptures
hidden throughout
the playground for a
scavenger hunt game.

Process: Artist
commissioned or design
collaboration with
manufacturer.

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK
Inspiration Images
Description: Playground entry
sign for wayfinding and inclusive
play introduction in English,
Simplified Chinese, possibly
Hindi, and English Braille.

Process: Design collaboration
with Lighthouse for the Blind
MADLab (or similar). MIG to
provide graphic and translations,
MADLab to advise and design
tactile features

MULTILINGUAL TACTILE SIGN DRAFT ART INSTALLATIONS

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK
Inspiration Images
Description: Stairway mural at steps leading up the slide hill.

Process: Artist commissioned or design collaboration with manufacturer of thermoplastic pavement murals.

ALTERNATE OPTION: STAIR MURAL DRAFT ART INSTALLATIONS

CHAPTER 19.148: REQUIRED ARTWORK IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

DEVELOPMENTS
Section

19.148.010 Purpose and intent.

19.148.020 Applicability of regulations.

19.148.030 Permitted artwork.

19.148.040 Ineligible artwork.

19.148.050 Application procedures for public artwork.

19.148.060 Design criteria and artist qualifications.

19.148.070 Minimum artwork value.

19.148.080 Maintenance requirements.

19.148.090 In lieu payment for artwork is discouraged.

19.148.010 Purpose and Intent.

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a review framework for public art in both public and privatedevelopments in the City of Cupertino, commensurate with the following specific goals, as describedin the Cupertino General Plan:

A. Enhance community character and identity;
B. Provide attractive public arts to residents and visitors alike; C. Stimulate opportunities for the arts through cooperative relations between local business andthe City. (Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part), 2009)

19.148.020 Applicability of Regulations.

A. Any development of ten thousand sq. ft. or larger involving construction of new buildings and/or the expansion of existing buildings shall be subject to the requirements of this chapter.

B. Additional artwork not mentioned in this chapter by means of specific plan, permits or otherdiscretionary review may be required when deemed appropriate by the City Council. (Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2056 (part), 2010; Ord. 2037 (part),2009)

19.148.030 Permitted Artwork.

Types of art that may be used to satisfy the requirements of this chapter include, but are not limited to, the following:

A. Sculpture: in-the-round, bas-relief, mobile, fountain, kinetic, electronic, or other, in any materialor combination of materials; B. Painting: all media, including portable and permanently affixed works, such as murals; C. Graphic arts: printmaking, drawing, calligraphy and photography, but only when on a largepublic scale; D. Mosaics;
E. Functional artwork created by a professional artist, such as benches, tree grates or trashreceptacles; F. Any other form of work of art determined by the Arts and Culture Commission to satisfy the intentof this chapter. (Ord. 22-2241, § 8, 2022; Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part),2009)

19.148.040 Ineligible Artwork.

The following shall not be considered eligible to satisfy the requirements of this chapter:

A. Reproductions of original works of art, whether by mechanical or other means. However,permitted artwork may include limited editions, controlled by the artist, of original prints, cast sculpture, photographs, or other art forms;
B. Directional or other functional elements such as supergraphics, signing, or color coding, exceptwhere those elements are integral parts of original signed artworks; C. Art objects which are mass-produced from a standard design, such as playground equipment,fountains, flags or banners; D. Landscaping and garden features, except where these elements are designed by the artist andare an integral part of a fine artwork. (Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part), 2009)

19.148.050 Application Procedures for Public Artwork.

A. An application for public artwork shall include all requirements of Chapter 19.12.

B. Application for public art for a new development shall be made in conjunction with the review of the permits for the entire project, in order that the design and location be taken into consideration atthe time of architectural and site planning, as outlined in Chapter 19.168.

C. The Arts and Culture Commission shall review for approval the public art application andartwork. The decision of the Arts and Culture Commission may be appealed in accordance withSections 1.16.020 and 19.12.030 of the Cupertino Municipal Code, or as amended. (Ord. 22-2241, § 9, 2022; Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part),2009)

19.148.060 Design Criteria and Artist Qualifications.

It is the intent of this chapter to provide for public art on private property without imposing the artisticpreferences of the City on the owner or the developer of the property. Artistic preferences are to beprimarily those of the owner or developer of the property, but the artwork and its location is subject to approval of the Arts and Culture Commission.

A permit required pursuant to Section 19.148.050 shall be granted upon a showing by the applicant that the proposed artwork meets the following criteria:

A. The artwork is of a nature specified in Section 19.148.030.

B. The artwork requirement is to be satisfied with one significant piece of artwork, except that the requirement may be met with several works of art when specifically found by the Arts and CultureCommission to fulfill the intent of this chapter. The artwork shall be an integral part of the landscapingand/or architecture of the buildings.

C. The artwork shall be easily visible from the public street and be located in an area specificallydesignated on the project site plan. Appropriate locations include, but are not limited to, entryways tothe property, greenbelts, and building exteriors. The artwork must be in permanent view to motorists and pedestrians. Artwork located at the entrance to a development should make a major statementand be visible from the main parking lot, if any. When located in proximity to major trafficthoroughfares, the artwork should be at a motorist's scale and oriented toward the view corridor of themotorist.

D. Artwork located along Stevens Creek Boulevard or De Anza Boulevard corridors shall be large in scale and oriented to the view corridors of the motorist. Appropriate artwork in these corridors willmost likely be sculptural: however, other forms of art may be considered if consistent with the intent ofthis chapter. Artwork should have a visual impact upon passengers in a moving vehicle or pedestriansnot less than 100 feet away.

E. The composition of the artwork shall be of permanent materials requiring a low level ofmaintenance. Materials used shall be durable and resistant to graffiti and the effects of weather.

F. The nature and style of the artwork shall be considered in the context of other artwork in thesurrounding area in order to encourage a wide range of art styles and materials, and to create a balanced and interesting aesthetic appearance. The developer is encouraged to give preference toartists living or working in the San Francisco Bay area, and to avoid using artists whose work isalready displayed as public art within the City of Cupertino boundaries.

G. Because the artwork will necessarily be highly visible to the public and be associated with Cityrequirements, expressions of obvious bad taste or profanity shall not be approved.

H. Water and/or electronic sculpture may be permitted if adequate assurance of continuedmaintenance is provided.

I. Artwork shall be identified by an appropriate plaque or monument measuring not less than eight inches by eight inches. The plaque shall be made of a durable, permanent material and shall beplaced near the artwork, and shall list the date of installation, title and artist, and medium.

J. The artwork shall be a permanent, maintained fixed asset of the property, and statements to thisfact shall be attached or recorded to the existing CC&R's or otherwise recorded on the property deed,to advise subsequent property owners of their obligations to maintain the artwork.

K. The proposed artwork shall meet the criteria for review as set forth in the City of CupertinoPublic Art Program Guidelines for Selection of Public Art, as originally adopted by the City Council Resolution No. 05-040, or as later amended.

L. The artist's qualifications will be evaluated and examples of past work may be reviewed. The review, however, shall be primarily for the purpose of determining the artist's experience with artworkof monumental proportion. (Ord. 22-2241, § 10, 2022; Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part),2009)

19.148.070 Minimum Artwork Value.

The minimum expenditure for the artwork, including but not limited to design, fabrication, andinstallation, shall be one percent of the construction valuation, with the following tiers:

A 1% of the first $100 million of construction valuation.

B. 0.9% of construction valuation for valuation in excess of $100 million. (Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part), 2009)

19.148.080 Maintenance Requirements.

The property owner shall maintain the artwork in good condition continuously after its installation, asdetermined appropriate by the City. Maintenance shall include all related landscaping, lighting, andupkeep, including the identification plaque. Artwork required or approved pursuant to this chapter cannot be removed, except for required maintenance or repair, unless approved by the City; at whichtime the City may require replacement or relocation of the artwork. In the event that the artwork islocated in the public right-of-way, a maintenance agreement with the City shall be required. (Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part), 2009)

19.148.090 In Lieu Payment for Artwork is Discouraged.

In some instances the placement of artwork on a particular property may not be feasible. Thedeveloper or property owner may apply to the Arts and Culture Commission for an in lieu paymentalternative on projects that lack an appropriate location for public art, although such alternative is strongly discouraged. In such cases, an in lieu payment of 1.25% of the construction valuation may bemade to the City, pursuant to the approval authority provisions of Cupertino Municipal Code Chapter19.12.030. (Ord. 22-2241, § 11, 2022; Ord. 2175, § 1 (part), 2018; Ord. 2085, § 2 (part), 2011; Ord. 2037 (part),2009) Attachment A
RESOLUTION NO. ________

RESOLUTION OF THE CUPERTINO CITY COUNCIL AMENDING THE CAPITAL BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2022-23 BY APPROPRIATING MONIES FOR THE

JOLLYMAN ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND PROJECT

WHEREAS, the orderly administration of municipal government depends on a sound fiscal policy of maintaining a proper ratio of expenditures within anticipated revenues and available monies; and

WHEREAS, accomplishing City Council directives, projects and programs, and performing staff duties and responsibilities likewise depends on the monies available for that purpose; and

WHEREAS, the City Manager has determined that the balances from the funds specified in this resolution are adequate to cover the proposed amended appropriations, and therefore recommends the fund reallocations described herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council does hereby approve the recommended fund reallocations and ratifies the attached amended appropriations and revenue set forth in Exhibit A.

PASSED AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Cupertino this 2 nd day of May, 2023, by the following vote:

Members of the City Council

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

SIGNED:

________
Hung Wei, Mayor
City of Cupertino

________________________
Date
ATTEST:

________
Kirsten Squarcia, City Clerk

________________________
Date

Exhibit A

Fund Revenue Expenditure (Use of) Fund
Balance
General Fund 100-90-
001
$0 $338,146.86

($338,146.86)
Capital Budget Funds
420-99-051
$338,146.86 $338,146.86 $0
Total $338,146.86 $676,293.72 ($338,146.86)

FiscalYears2021-2025 - AdoptedCIPCATEGORY3 - EXISTINGPROJECTS - FUNDED Description Funding
Type
Approved
Plan Budget Unit Project No.

Revenue
Funding
Sources
Total Project Budget FY2022
Projected
FY2023
Projected
FY2024
Projected
FY2025
Projected
FY2026
Projected
BicycleWayfinding GF BTP 420-99-036 ST017 - 60,000 - - - - - BicyleBoulevard Interim Improvements, Phase2 GF BTP 420-99-036 ST030 - 220,000 - - - - - BicycleBoulevard Interim Improvements, Phase3 GF BTP 420-99-036 ST030 - 1,197,000 - - - - - BlackberryFarm Golf Renovation / Alternative Use BBF P&R, SCC 560-99-088 BGC002 - 50,000 - - - - - Citywide Building Condition AssessmentImplementation GF 420-99-063 BAI001 - 1,006,470 - - - - - Citywide Community Garden GF P&R 420-99-083 PVAR009 - 300,000 - - - - - CivicCenter ParkingAnalysis GF CCMP 420-99-078 CIV009 - 1,000,000 - - - - - Interim City Hall (deferred) GF CCMP 420-99-074 CIV006 - 501,162 - - - - - Lawrence-Mitty ParkDesignand Construction DIL GP, P&R 280-99-009 P LM 001 - 5,471,084 - - - - - Library ExpansionRoom GF CCMP 420-99-077 CIV007 - 8,705,438 - - - - - Quinlan PreschoolShadeStructure GF 580-99-082 QCC005 - 125,000 - - - - - RegnartCreekTrail Fencing GF BTP 420-99-036 ST054 - 1,954,883 - - - - - RegnartRoadImprovements GF 420-99-068 ST033 - 1,303,646 - - - - - Retaining Wall Repair - Cordova Road GF 420-99-040 ST020 - 25,000 - - - - - Sports Center Community NeedsAnalysis SC P&R 570-99-089 SPCT007 - 25,000 - - - - - StevensCreekBankRepairConcept GF P&R, SCC 420-99-014 SCCP004 - 100,000 - - - - - StevensCreekBoulevard CLIV Bikeway - Phase2 - Design GF BTP 420-99-036 ST053 - 350,000 - - - - - StevensCreekCorridor ParkChainMaster Plan - McClellan Rdto StevensCreekBlvd. (deferred) GF GP, SCC 420-90-898 - 406,470 - - - - - Street Light Replacement - Citywide (Labor Only) GF GP 420-99-072 ST037 - 200,090 - - - - - Traffic Calming TF 270-99-087 ST049 - 200,000 - - - - - Totals Category 3 -$ 23,201,243$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ CATEGORY4 - EXISTINGPROJECTSWITH EXTERNALFUNDING
Description Funding
Type
Approved
Plan Budget Unit Project No.

Revenue
Funding
Sources
Total Project Budget FY2022
Projected
FY2023
Projected
FY2024
Projected
FY2025
Projected
FY2026
Projected
All Inclusive PlayArea GF P&R 420-99-051 PVAR007 2,448,000 3,678,000 - - - - - Bubb RoadSeparatedBikeway - McClellanRdto StevensCreekBlvd AP BTP 420-99-080 ST041 1,980,555 1,980,555 - - - - - City Bridge Maintenance Repairs TF GP 270-90-960 ST002 628,623 710,068 - - - - - Homestead/De Anza - Design Grant 270-99-856 213,300 213,300 - - - - - Junipero Serra Trail - Central Segment AP/Grant BTP, PTP 420-99-036 ST050 600,000 600,000 - - - - - Junipero Serra Trail - EastSegment AP/Grant BTP, PTP 420-99-036 ST046 600,000 600,000 - - - - - Junipero Serra Trail - West Segment AP/Grant BTP, PTP 420-99-036 ST051 600,000 600,000 - - - - - Mary Avenue Protected Bikeway AP 420-99-079 ST042 165,000 165,000 - - - - - McClellanRoadSeparatedBikeCorridor, Phase3
AP/GF/
Grant BTP 420-99-036 ST047 1,160,000 1,324,410 - - - - - McClellanRoadSeparatedBikeCorridor - Byrne Ave to Imperial Ave, Phase4 AP/GF/
Grant/ DIL BTP 420-99-036 ST048 1,000,000 1,000,000 - - - - - QCCMulti- Site SustainableInfrastructure Upgrade GF/RP 580-99-090 QCC006 217,551 502,000 - - - - - RegnartCreekTrail GF/Grant BTP 420-99-036 ST039 1,885,000 2,898,000 - - - - - SchoolWalk Audit Implementation AP/GF 420-99-069 ST034 1,221,863 1,245,852 - - - - - SidewalkImprovements - Orange & Byrne TF/DIL GP, PTP 270-90-958 ST013 34,495 5,158,188 - - - - - StevensCreekBlvd. and BandleyDr. SignalUpgrades DIL/GF 420-99-070 ST044 25,658 150,090 - - - - - Totals Category 4 12,780,045$ 20,825,463$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ CATEGORY5 - COMPLETEDPROJECTS
Description Funding
Type
Approved
Plan Budget Unit Project No.

Revenue
Funding
Sources
Total Project Budget FY2022
Projected
FY2023
Projected
FY2024
Projected
FY2025
Projected
FY2026
Projected
BlackberryFarm Entrance RoadImprovements - Feasibility GF SCC, P&R 560-99-061 BBF003 - 77,002 - - - - - Lawrence-Mitty Acquisition AP/DIL GP, P&R 280-99-009 P LM 001 2,800,000 2,800,000 - - - - - Linda Vista Trail GF BTP, PTP 420-99-084 ST040 - 615,500 - - - - - McClellanRanchCommunity Garden GF P&R, SCC 420-99-004 MRP005 - 1,306,622 - - - - - McClellanRoadSeparatedBikeCorridor, Phase2
AP/GF/
Grant BTP 420-99-036 ST045 1,000,000 1,526,021 - - - - - McClellanSidewalkImprovements, Phase2 AP PTP 270-90-976 ST009 2,035,000 4,089,871 - - - - - McClellanWest ParkingLot Improvements GF SCC, P&R 420-99-030 MRW 002 - 1,069,682 - - - - - Sports Center SeismicRetrofit GF P&R 570-99-081 SPCT006 BAI002 - 1,275,000 - - - - - StevensCreekBoulevard ClassIV BikewayInstallation, Phase1 AP BTP 420-99-036 ST036 1,800,000 1,800,000 - Street Light Installation - RandyLaneand Larry Way GF 420-99-058 ST025 - 200,000 - - - - - Totals Category 5 7,635,000$ 14,759,698$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ Total All Categories 20,800,997$ 73,594,404$ 665,000$ 670,000$ 675,000$ 605,000$ 110,000$ 406
CC 06-15-2021
406 of 547

ATTACHMENT C

FUND BUDGET ADJUSTMENT TYPE DESCRIPTION AMOUNT

DETAILED CARRYOVERS, COUNCIL APPROVED ADJUSTMENTS, AND ENCUMBRANCE CARRYOVERS 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Annual asphalt project work in progress 1, 270, 505 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Annual SW Curb Gutter project in progress 76, 985 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Bridge Rehab Minor project in progress 514, 270 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Guard Rail Repair Work in progress 25, 750 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Homestead/ De Anza Signal Upgrade 160, 645 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Orange Byrne Sidewalk Improvements 2, 382, 398 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Ph 1 Ph 2 Pavement digouts, crack seal fog seal 250, 000 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Ph2 McClellan Sidewalk 100, 000 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Regnart Road Repairs work scheduled. 105, 235 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover SBI Funds work scheduled. Covid delay. 800, 000 270 Transportation Fund Budget Carryover Traffic Calming project in progress 198, 241 280 Park Dedication Budget Carryover Lawrence Mitty Park 5, 438, 179 SPECIAL REVENUE FUND TOTAL 11, 749, 252
420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover ADA Improvements project in progress 43, 545 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Banner Bank retainage ( 23, 496) 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Bike Plan Implementation project in progress 5, 899, 816 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover BKF Engineers 052421 062721 inv# 21070933 ( 50, 056) 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Bubb Rd Separated Bikeway Improv project in progress 1, 101, 882 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Citywide Community Garden project scheduled 265, 685 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Civic Center Parking Analysis project in progress 848, 350 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover CW Bldg Condition Assess Impl project in progress 673, 770 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Inclusive Play Area Planning project in progress 5, 465, 361 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Library Expansion project in progress 1, 299, 707 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Linda Vista Trail project in progress 47, 066 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Mary Ave Protected Bikeway project scheduled 158, 148 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover McClellan Ranch West Parking Lot Impro 55, 891 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover MR Community Garden Improv project in progress 18, 553 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Playground Equipment Creekside Varian) 300, 000 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Regnart Road Improvements project in progress 850, 382 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Retaining Wall Repair Cordova Rd project in progress 25, 000 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Rodan Library expansion thru 6/ 30/ 21 ( 446, 429) 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover SCB/ Bandley Signal Median Imps project in progress 142, 208 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover SCCP Chain MP MCLN to SCB project in progress 203, 322 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover School Walk Audit Implementation project in progress 1, 084, 133 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Senior Center Walkway Replacement 14, 288 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover SLTG/ 280 Ped Bridge Lighting project to be scheduled 46, 449 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover St Light Install Annual Infill project in progress 128, 416 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover St Light Replacement CW labor) project scheduled for FY 21 98, 929 420 Capital Improvement Fund Budget Carryover Stevens Crk Bank Repair Concept project to be scheduled 30, 216 35 4
From: nancy canter
To: City Clerk
Subject: Please leave Public Art monies alone
Date: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 12:32:45 PM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

I am a resident and home owner in Cupertino and I want Public Art funding in Cupertino to remain for Public Art.

I understand the city is short of funding
But Public Art once acquired lasts a lifetime and is for the visual enjoyment of all residents and visitors of Cupertino.

Playgrounds in Public Parks are important but are for children only and have to be updated and upgraded often.

A city like Cupertino that has such expensive property taxes should be able to afford both Public Art and upkeep on Parks with playgrounds.

Respectively submitted,
Dr. Nancy Canter
From: Rhoda Fry
To: City Clerk; City Council
Subject: More on Appropriating Art Funds for Playground item #8 Date: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 3:02:56 PM
Attachments: Page14-Final2 JOLLYMAN 50CD DWGS_.dated Feb 2023pdf.pdf CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear City Council,

It is my understanding now that the items that are being considered to be art were not part of the project’s original scope.

In December 2021, $1.2M of City funds was to be allocated to the Jollyman project.

In May 2023, we’re at near double that at $2.1M.

And now, with only 50% designed, the project team is asking for a 16% boost with an additional $340K.

This issue continues to eat at me. The playground has already anticipated colorful artistic elements. It seems excessive to me to add in more to this place while other playgrounds are suffering. Certainly among a long list of items, the new items would have been the least desirable and didn’t make the original cut.

It also saddens me that this item was put on the consent agenda and that the Arts Commission would be stuck with using all of our Public Art Money at one location.

Increasing the budget by 16% is a bad idea.

Using our earmarked Public Art Money is a terrible idea.

Let’s put real Public Art at Quinlan or at our other parks.

Attached you’ll find the plans that suddenly dropped in new features, which are highlighted, in February of this year.

Here is the link for the plan set:
https://www.cupertino.org/home/showpublisheddocument/33141/638186228935922375

Regards,
Rhoda Fry
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
ADA
ADA
ADA
ADA
ADA
ADA
PA
ADA
ADA
ADA

ADAADAADA
ADA
ADAADA
ADA
ADAADA
PA
TR
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA PA

PAPAADA
ADAADA
BIO
BIOCONC. WALL WITHCHALK ART FINISHNET CLIMBER

CIP RAMP ANDHANDRAILS
CHIMES

BOULDER SCRAMBLE

VINEARCH
DRUMS
POTENTIALART ELEMENT:BINOCULARS

CIP STEPS ANDHANDRAILS

ORNAMENTAL METALFENCE AND GATES
NORTH GATE,(2) 4' WIDE GATESSLIDE HILL TRANSFERBOULDERSENTRY/DONOR SIGN BIKE RACKS ANDD.G. PAVING BY OTHERS

NEST SWINGS
SOUTH GATE,(2) 4' WIDE GATES
ADA PICNIC TABLE,TYP.PICNIC TABLE,TYP.

ROPEPULLEMBANKMENTSLIDE: GEMINI
NR
P
FC
FC
IC
FCW
FC
FC
FC
G
G
RESTROOM WITHDRINKINGFOUNTAIN, SEECIVIL DWGSEMBANKMENTSLIDE: WIDEHANDHOLDSAT STSS POTENTIAL ART FEATURE:KALEIDOSCOPE
RC
HR
HR
IC
IC
FCW
CE
CE

SHADE SAILSAT SLIDE HILL
P
P
P
P
P
RC
(E) DRINKINGFOUNTAIN ANDPAD, TO BEREPLACED BYOTHERS
POTENTIAL ART FEATURE:COLORFUL SPY WINDOWS

BOULDERSCRAMBLE
POTENTIAL ART ELEMENTS:MUSICAL BENCH &BIRD SCAVENGER HUNT HR
TRASHRECEPTACLE,TYP.

METAL HEADERAT DG PAVING, TYP.CONCRETEMOWBAND
CE

LIMIT OF WORK

PEDESTRIANCONCRETE PAVING
SAND

DECOMPOSED GRANITE(DG) PAVING

POURED IN PLACE (PIP)SAFETY SURFACING(E) TREE TO BE PROTECTED

COMPOSITE WOOD DECK

SYNTHETIC TURFSAFETY SURFACING (STSS)
TREE

STEPPING STONES

ROUNDED BOULDER
LEGEND

ORNAMENTAL METAL FENCE

OVERHEAD FEATURESPLAY SAFETY ZONE

MATCH LINE

RAILING PLANTING AREAPA

ADA PICNIC TABLEBUFFET TABLE

PICNIC TABLE
PARK BENCHGAME TABLE + CHAIRS

TRASH RECEPTACLE

ADADESIGNATED COMPANIONSEATING AREA

SQUARE EDGED BOULDER

PLOP BENCHGLIDER BENCH

BIORETENTION AREA,SEE CIVIL DWGSBIO
IC
NR
SC

NATURE RETREAT

SAND PLAY CURB
INTEGRAL CONC. CURB AT SS

HRHAND RAIL

RCRAISED CURB

CECIP CONCRETE EDGEAT SLIDE HILL
G
FC
FCWFLUSH CONC. CURB AT SS(STANDARD 6" WIDE)FLUSH CONC. CURB AT SS(12" WIDE) P
Z:\SHARED\BERKELEY\3000_CEDS\30902 JOLLYMAN PLAY\07 CD\L1.X-MATRLS_30902.DWGSHEET REVISIONS FEBRUARY 2023

IMPROVEMENT PLANS FORALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND
CALIFORNIACUPERTINOAT JOLLYMAN PARKFile:

Scale:

Proj. Engr:Checked:Drawn:Designed:Date:02-21-2023
JECHAPPR.CITYDATEAPPR.DATEDESIGNBYDESIGN
SAFETY OF ALL PERSONS AND PROPERTY; THAT THIS REQUIREMENT SHALL APPLY CONTINUOUSLY AND NOT BE LIMITED TO NORMAL WORKING HOURS; AND THAT THE CONTRACTOR CONTRACTOR AGREES THAT HE SHALL ASSUME SOLE AND COMPLETE RESPONSIBILITY FOR JOB SITE CONDITIONS DURING THE COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION OF THIS PROJECT, INCLUDING SHALL DEFEND, INDEMNIFY AND HOLD THE OWNER AND THE ENGINEER HARMLESS FROM ANY AND ALL LIABILITY, REAL OR ALLEGED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF WORK ON THIS PROJECT, EXCEPTING FOR LIABILITY ARISING FROM THE SOLE NEGLIGENCE OF THE OWNER OR THE ENGINEER.

CUPERTINOCITY OF
ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT JOLLYMAN PARK / 50% CD / NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION / 02-21-2023www.migcom.com800 HEARST AVENUEBERKELEY, CA 94710TEL (510) 845-7549 NORTH010'20' 5'
L1.10MATERIALS & DETAILREFERENCE PLAN - WEST

From: Kitty Moore <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 9:41 PM
To: Kirsten Squarcia <[email protected]>
Subject: FW: Item 8 Jollyman Playground Funding Written Communications

Current item.

Kitty Moore
Councilmember
City Council
[email protected]
(408) 777-1389

From: Kitty Moore <[email protected]>
Date: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 at 1:51 PM
To: Kirsten Squarcia <[email protected]>
Subject: Item 8 Jollyman Playground Funding Written Communications Dear City Clerk,

Please include this email and the attachments as written communications for Item 8, Jollyman Park.

The attachments to this email are in order as follows with some statements and questions:

1. The City’s All-Inclusive Playground webpage as PDF.
a. This includes a Paypal donate button for individuals to donate, but without much information about what the donation would cover, how much has been donated, is there a donor plaque, and if the donation is tax-deductible.

2. A Fundraising contract which has been paid in full to Netzel-Grigsby for this playground fundraising.
a. This fundraising effort provided how much funding? The cost was approximately $33,000.

3. The last attachment is two pages of the current FY 23 Budget which is for extra hours for the Cupertino Library which the City has had funded through the SCCLD JPA since 2019 and therefore does not appear to need to be committed to the Library Services, thus potentially freeing $600k which could be reallocated to this item 8 funding request if that is feasible. Can this money be reallocated?

The paragraphs below are from the City of Cupertino’s Jollyman All-Inclusive Playground webpage found here:
https://www.cupertino.org/our-city/departments/public-works/capital-improvement-program- projects/all-inclusive-playground-at-jollyman-park

“The City of Cupertino is moving forward with design and construction of an All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park funded through Santa Clara County All-Inclusive

Playground Grant (AIPG) program. In October 2018, City Council authorized staff to submit an application to the County’s AIPG grant program, requesting funds for an all- inclusive playground at Jollyman Park. The Board of Supervisors authorized a grant award to Cupertino for $1,448,201 with a City match contribution. The balance of the project cost would be provided through fundraising and donations.

The City of Cupertino conducted a Feasibility Study on potential park sites and thoroughly evaluated each one. Results were presented to the Parks and Recreation Commission and concluded that Jollyman Park was the 1st choice. The Commission endorsed this finding.”
Donate with PayPal button

Regards,

Kitty Moore

Kitty Moore
Councilmember
City Council
[email protected]
(408) 777-1389

All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park | City of Cupertino, CA https://www.cupertino.org/our-city/departments/public-works/capital-improvement-program-projects/all-inclusive-playground-at-jollyman-park[5/2/23, 1:18:44 PM] Home Cupertino 311 Records Muni Code Jobs Calendar E-Notification Contact Us Translate Font Size:

Feedback
Print

ALL-INCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND AT

JOLLYMAN PARK
The City of Cupertino is moving forward with design and construction of an All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park funded through Santa Clara County All-Inclusive Playground Grant (AIPG) program. In October 2018, City Council authorized staff to submit an application to the County’s AIPG grant program, requesting funds for an all-inclusive playground at Jollyman Park. The Board of Supervisors authorized a grant award to Cupertino for $1,448,201 with a City match contribution. The balance of the project cost would be provided through fundraising and donations.

The City of Cupertino conducted a Feasibility Study
on potential park sites and thoroughly
evaluated each one. Results were presented to the Parks and Recreation Commission and concluded that Jollyman Park was the 1st choice. The Commission endorsed this finding.

Our City » Departments » Public Works » Capital Improvement Program Projects » Share & Bookmark
Project Description
AIPG Program Concept
Design Procurement
Community Outreach
Public Works-
Maintenance
Services+
Transportation &
Mobility
+
Capital Improvement
Program Projects
-
All-Inclusive
Playground at
Jollyman Park
City Hall Project
Library Expansion
Project
Wilson Park
Community
Garden
Wilson Park
Outdoor Basketball
Court
Memorial Park
Ponds
Repurposing
Project
Permitting &
Development
Services
+
Environment &
Sustainability
Utilities+
Integrated Pest
I WANT TO... RESIDENTS BUSINESSES VISITORS ONLINE SERVICES OUR CITY COVID-19 INFORMATION: Learn more about services, vaccinations, testing, and more.

All-Inclusive Playground at Jollyman Park | City of Cupertino, CA https://www.cupertino.org/our-city/departments/public-works/capital-improvement-program-projects/all-inclusive-playground-at-jollyman-park[5/2/23, 1:18:44 PM]

CUPERTINO CITY HALL
10300 Torre Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014-3202
More Locations
408.777.3200
Fax: 408.777.3366 Cupertino 311

Home I Want To... Residents Businesses Visitors Online Services Our City Site Map Contact Us
© 2023 City of Cupertino. All Rights Reserved. Policies & Disclaimer

Final Design Concept
50% Construction Documents
Project Updates
Management (IPM)
Program FAQ
Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page1 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021

PROFESSIONAL/ CONSULTING SERVICES AGREEMENT

1. PARTIES
This Agreement is madeby and between the City of Cupertino, a municipal corporation (“City”), and Netzel Grigsby Associates, Inc (“Contractor”), a Corporation for Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground, and is effective on the last date signed below Effective Date”).

2. SERVICES
Contractor agrees to provide the services and perform the tasks (“ Services”) set forth in detail in Scope of Services, attached here and incorporated as Exhibit A. Contractor further agrees to carry out its work in compliance with any applicable local, State, or Federal order regarding COVID- 19.

3. TIME OF PERFORMANCE

3.1 This Agreement begins on the Effective Date and ends on December 31, 2023 (“ Contract Time”), unless terminated earlier as provided herein. Contractor’ s Services shall begin on the effective date and shall be completed by December 31, 2023. The City’s appropriate department head or the City Manager may extend the Contract Time through a written amendment to this Agreement, provided such extension does not include additional contract funds. Extensions requiring additional contract funds are subject to the City’ s purchasing policy.

3.2 Schedule of Performance. Contractor must deliver the Services in accordancewith the Schedule of Performance, attached and incorporated here Exhibit B.

3.3 Time is of the essence for the performance of all the Services. Contractor must have sufficient time, resources, and qualified staff to deliver the Serviceson time.

4. COMPENSATION

4.1 Maximum Compensation. City will pay Contractor for satisfactory performance of the Services an amount that will basedon actual costs but that will be capped so as not to exceed 39,500. 00 (“ Contract Price”), based upon the scope of services in Exhibit A and the budget and rates included in Exhibit C, Compensation attached and incorporated here. The maximum compensation includes all expenses and reimbursements and will remain in place even if Contractor’s actual costs exceed the capped amount. No extra work or payment is permitted without prior written approval of City.

4.2 Invoices and Payments. Monthly invoices must state a description of the deliverable completed and the amount due for the preceding month. Within thirty ( 30) days of completion of Services, Contractor must submit a requisition for final and complete payment of costs and pending Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page2 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021 claims for City approval. Failure to timely submit a complete and accurate payment requisition relieves City of any further payment or other obligations under theAgreement.

5. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR

5.1 Status. Contractor is an independent contractor and not an employee, partner, or joint venture of City. Contractor is solely responsible for the means and methods of performing the Services and for the persons hired to work under this Agreement. Contractor is not entitled to health benefits, worker’s compensation, or other benefits from theCity.

5.2 Contractor’ sQualifications. Contractor warrants on behalf of itself andits subcontractors that they have the qualifications and skills to perform the Services in a competent and professional manner and according to the highest standardsand best practices in theindustry.

5.3 Permits and Licenses. Contractor warrants on behalf of itself and its subcontractorsthat they are properly licensed, registered, and/or certified to perform the Services as required by law and have procured a City BusinessLicense, if required by the Cupertino Municipal Code.

5.4 Subcontractors. Only Contractor’s employees are authorized to work under this Agreement. Prior written approval from City is required for any subcontractor, and the terms and conditions of this Agreement will apply to any approvedsubcontractor.

5.5 Tools, Materials, and Equipment. Contractor will supply all tools, materials and equipment required to perform the Services under this Agreement.

5.6 Payment of Benefits and Taxes. Contractor is solely responsible for the payment of employment taxes incurred under this Agreement and any similar federal or state taxes. Contractor andany of its employees, agents, andsubcontractorsshall not haveany claim underthis Agreement or otherwise against City for seniority, vacation time, vacation pay, sick leave, personal time off, overtime, health insurance, medical care, hospital care, insurance benefits, social security, disability, unemployment, workers compensation or employee benefits of any kind. Contractor shall be solely liable for and obligated to pay directly all applicable taxes, fees, contributions, or charges applicable to Contractor’ s business including, but not limited to, federal and state income taxes. City shall have no obligation whatsoeverto pay or withhold any taxesor benefits on behalf of Contractor. Should any court, arbitrator, or administrative authority, including but not limited to the California Public Employees Retirement System (PERS), the Internal RevenueService or the State Employment Development Division, determine that Contractor, or any of its employees, agents, or subcontractors, is an employeefor any purpose, then Contractor agreesto a reduction in amounts payable under this Agreement, or to promptly remint to City any payments due by the City as a result of such determination, so that the City’s total expensesunder this Agreement are not greater than they would have been had the determination not been made.

6. PROPRIETARY/ CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
In performing this Agreement, Contractor may have accessto private or confidential information owned or controlled by the City, which may contain proprietary or confidential details the disclosure of which to third parties may be damaging to City. Contractor shall hold in confidence all City information provided by City to Contractor and useit only to perform this Agreement.

Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page3 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021 Contractor shall exercise the same standard of care to protect City information as a reasonably prudent contractor would use to protect its own proprietary data.

7. OWNERSHIP OF MATERIALS

7. 1 Property Rights. Any interest (including copyright interests) of Contractor in any product, memoranda, study, report, map, plan, drawing, specification, data, record, document, or other information or work, in any medium ( collectively, “ Work Product”), prepared by Contractor in connection with this Agreement will be the exclusive property of the City upon completion of the work to be performed hereunder or upon termination of this Agreement, to the extent requested by City. In any case, no Work Product shall beshown to any third- party without prior written approval of City.

7.2 Copyright. To the extent permitted by Title 17 of the U. S. Code, all Work Product arising out of this Agreement is considered “works for hire” and all copyrights to the Work Product will be the property of City. Alternatively, Contractor assigns to City all Work Product copyrights.

Contractor may usecopies of the Work Product for promotion only with City’s written approval.

7. 3 Patents and Licenses. Contractor must pay royalties or license fees required for authorized useof any third party intellectual property, including but not limited to patented, trademarked, or copyrighted intellectual property if incorporated into the Services or Work Product of this Agreement.

7. 4 Re-Use of Work Product. Unless prohibited by law and without waiving any rights, City may use or modify the Work Product of Contractor or its sub-contractors prepared or created under this Agreement, to executeor implement any of the following:
a) The original Servicesfor which Contractor was hired; b) Completion of the original Services by others;
c) Subsequentadditions to the original Services; and/or d) Other City projects.

7. 5 Deliverables and Format. Contractor must provide electronic and hard copies of the Work Product, on recycled paper and copied on both sides, except for one single-sidedoriginal.

8. RECORDS
Contractor must maintain complete and accurateaccounting recordsrelating to its performance in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The records must include detailed information of Contractor’ s performance, benchmarks and deliverables, which must be available to City for review and audit. The records and supporting documents must be kept separate from other records and must be maintained for four ( 4) years from the date of City’ s final payment.

Contractor acknowledges that certain documents generated or received by Contractor in connection with the performance of this Agreement, including but not limited to correspondence between Contractor and any third party, are public records under the California Public Records Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page4 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021 Act, California Government Code section 6250 et seq. Contractor shall comply with all laws regarding the retention of public records and shall make such records available to the City upon requestby the City, or in suchmannerasthe City reasonablydirects that suchrecordsbe provided.

9. ASSIGNMENT
Contractor shall not assign, sublease, hypothecate, or transfer this Agreement, or any interest therein, directly or indirectly, by operation of law or otherwise, without prior written consent of City. Any attempt to do so will be null and void. Any changes related to the financial control or businessnature of Contractor as a legal entity is consideredan assignmentof the Agreement and subject to City approval, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. Control means fifty percent 50%) or more of the voting power of the businessentity.

10. PUBLICITY / SIGNS
Any publicity generatedby Contractor for the project under this Agreement, during the term of this Agreement and for one year thereafter, will reference the City’s contributions in making the project possible. The words “ City of Cupertino” will be displayed in all pieces of publicity, including flyers, pressreleases, posters, brochures, public service announcements, interviews and newspaper articles. No signs may be posted, exhibited or displayed on or about City property, except signagerequired by law or this Contract, without prior written approval from the City.

11. INDEMNIFICATION

11.1 To the fullest extent allowed by law, and except for lossescausedby the sole and active negligence or willful misconduct of City personnel, Contractor shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless City, its City Council, boards and commissions, officers, officials, employees, agents, servants, volunteers, and consultants (“Indemnitees”), through legal counsel acceptableto City, from and against any and all liability, damages, claims, actions, causes of acti on, demands, charges, losses, costs, and expenses (including attorney fees, legal costs, and expensesrelated to litigation and dispute resolution proceedings) of every nature, arising directly or indirectly from this Agreement or in any manner relating to any of the following:
a) Breach of contract, obligations, representations, or warranties; b) Negligent or willful actsor omissions committed during performance of theServices; c) Personal injury, property damage, or economic loss resulting from the work or performance of Contractor or its subcontractorsor sub-subcontractors; d) Unauthorized use or disclosure of City’ s confidential and proprietary Information; e) Claim of infringement or violation of a U.S. patentor copyright, trade secret, trademark, or service mark or other proprietary or intellectual property rights of any third party.

11.2 Contractor must pay the costs City incurs in enforcing this provision. Contractor must accepta tenderof defenseupon receiving notice from City of a third- party claim. At City’srequest, Contractor will assist City in the defense of a claim, dispute, or lawsuit arising out of this Agreement.

11.3 Contractor’s duties under this section are not limited to the Contract Price, workers’ compensation payments, or the insurance or bond amounts required in the Agreement. Nothing in Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page5 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021 the Agreement shall be construed to give rise to an implied right of indemnity in favor of Contractor againstCity or any Indemnitee.

11.4. Contractor’ s payments may be deducted or offset to cover any money the City lost due to a claim or counterclaim arising out of this Agreement, a purchaseorder, or other transaction.

11.5. Contractor agreesto obtain executed indemnity agreementswith provisions identical to those set forth here in this Section 11 from each and every subcontractor, or any other person or entity involved by, for, with, or on behalf of Contractor in the performance of this Agreement.

Failure of City to monitor compliance with these requirements imposes no additional obligations on City and will in no way act asa waiver of any rights hereunder.

11.6. This Section 11 shall survive termination of the Agreement.

12. INSURANCE
Contractor shall comply with the Insurance Requirements, attached and incorporated here as Exhibit D, and must maintain the insurance for the duration of the Agreement, or longer as required by City. City will not execute the Agreement until City approves receipt of satisfactory certificates of insurance and endorsements evidencing the type, amount, class of operations covered, and the effective and expiration dates of coverage. Failure to comply with this provision may result in City, at its sole discretion and without notice, purchasing insurance for Contractor and deducting the costs from Contractor’ s compensation or terminating the Agreement.

13. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS

13.1 General Laws. Contractor shall comply with all local, state, and federal laws and regulations applicable to this Agreement. Contractor will promptly notify City of changesin the law or other conditions that may affect the Project or Contractor’ s ability to perform. Contractor is responsiblefor verifying the employment authorization of employeesperforming the Services, as required by the Immigration Reform and Control Act.

13.2 Labor Laws. Contractor shall comply with all labor laws applicable to this Agreement. If the Scopeof Servicesincludes a “public works” component, Contractor is required to comply with prevailing wage laws under Labor Code Section 1720 and other labor laws.

13.3 Discrimination Laws. Contractor shall not discriminate on the basis of race, religious creed, color, ancestry, national origin, ethnicity, handicap, disability, marital status, pregnancy, age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, Acquired- Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS), or any other protected classification. Contractor shall comply with all anti-discrimination laws, including Government Code Sections 12900 and 11135, and Labor Code Sections 1735, 1777, and 3077.5. Consistent with City policy prohibiting harassment and discrimination, Contractor understands that harassment and discrimination directed toward a job applicant, an employee, a City employee, or any other person, by Contractor or its employeesor sub-contractors will not be tolerated. Contractor agrees to provide records and documentation to the City on requestnecessaryto monitor compliance with this provision.

Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page6 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021

13.4 Conflicts of Interest. Contractor shall comply with all conflict of interest laws applicable to this Agreement and must avoid any conflict of interest. Contractor warrants that no public official, employee, or member of a City board or commission who might have been involved in the making of this Agreement, has or will receive a direct or indirect financial interest in this Agreement, in violation of California Government Code Section 1090 et seq. Contractor may be required to file a conflict of interest form if Contractor makes certain governmental decisions or serves in a staff capacity, as defined in Section 18700 of Title 2 of the California Code of Regulations. Contractor agrees to abide by the City’ s rules governing gifts to public officials and employees.

13.5 Remedies. Any violation of Section 13 constitutesa material breachandmay result in City suspending payments, requiring reimbursements or terminating this Agreement. City reserves all other rights and remedies available under the law and this Agreement, including the right to seek indemnification under Section 11 of this Agreement.

14. PROJECT COORDINATION
City Project Manager. TheCity assignsEvelyn Moran asthe City’srepresentativefor all purposes under this Agreement, with authority to oversee the progress and performance of the Scope of Services. City reservesthe right to substitute another Project manager at any time, and without prior notice to Contractor.

Contractor Project Manager. Subject to City approval, Contractor assigns Rebecca Merrell as its single Representativefor all purposesunder this Agreement, with authority to overseethe progress and performance of the Scope of Services. Contractor’ s Project manager is responsible for coordinating andscheduling the Servicesin accordancewith the Scopeof Servicesandthe Schedule of Performance. Contractor must regularly update the City’ s Project Manager about the progress with the work or any delays, as required under the Scope of Services. City written approval is required prior to substituting a new Representative.

15. ABANDONMENT OF PROJECT
City may abandon or postpone the Project or parts therefor at any time. Contractor will be compensatedfor satisfactory Servicesperformed through the date of abandonment, and will be given reasonable time to assemble the work and close out the Services. With City’ s pre- approval in writing, the time spentin closing out the Serviceswill be compensatedup to a maximum of ten percent ( 10%) of the total time expended to date in the performance of the Services.

16. TERMINATION
City may terminate this Agreement for causeor without causeat any time. Contractor will be paid for satisfactory Services renderedthrough the date of termination, but final payment will not be made until Contractor closes out the Services and delivers the Work Product.

17. GOVERNING LAW, VENUE, AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION
This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of California. Any lawsuits filed related to Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page7 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021 this Agreement must be filed with the Superior Court for the County of Santa Clara, State of California. Contractor must comply with the claims filing requirements under the Government Code prior to filing a civil action in court. If a dispute arises, Contractor must continue to provide the Services pending resolution of the dispute. If the Parties elect arbitration, the arbitrator’ s award must be supported by law and substantial evidence and include detailed written findings of law and fact.

18. ATTORNEY FEES
If City initiates legal action, files a complaint or cross-complaint, or pursuesarbitration, appeal, or other proceedings to enforce its rights or a judgment in connection with this Agreement, the prevailing party will be entitled to reasonableattorney feesandcosts.

19. THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES
There are no intended third party beneficiaries of this Agreement.

20. WAIVER
Neither acceptance of the Services nor payment thereof shall constitute a waiver of any contract provision. City’s waiver of a breachshall not constitute waiver of another provision or breach.

21. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This Agreement represents the full and complete understanding of every kind or nature between the Parties, and supersedesany other agreement(s) and understanding(s), either oral or written, between the Parties. Any modification of this Agreement will be effective only if in writing and signed by each Party’s authorized representative. No verbal agreementor implied covenant will be valid to amend or abridge this Agreement. If there is any inconsistency between any term, clause, or provision of the main Agreement and any term, clause, or provision of the attachments or exhibits thereto, the terms of the main Agreement shall prevail and be controlling.

22. INSERTED PROVISIONS
Each provision and clause required by law for this Agreement is deemed to be included and will be inferred herein. Either party may request an amendment to cure mistaken insertions or omissions of required provisions. The Parties will collaborate to implement this Section, as appropriate.

23. HEADINGS
The headings in this Agreement are for convenience only, are not a part of the Agreement and in no way affect, limit, or amplify the terms or provisions of this Agreement.

24. SEVERABILITY/ PARTIAL INVALIDITY
If any term or provision of this Agreement, or their application to a particular situation, is found by the court to be void, invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, such term or provision shall remain in Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page8 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021 force and effect to the extent allowed by such ruling. All other terms and provisions of this Agreement or their application to specific situations shall remain in full force and effect. The Partiesagreeto work in good faith to amendthis Agreement to carry out its intent.

25. SURVIVAL
All provisions which by their nature must continue after the Agreement expires or is terminated, including the Indemnification, Ownership of Materials/Work Product, Records, Governing Law, and Attorney Fees, shall survive the Agreement and remain in full force and effect.

26. NOTICES
All notices, requests and approvals must be sent in writing to the persons below, which will be consideredeffective on the dateof personaldelivery or the dateconfirmed by a reputableovernight delivery service, on the fifth calendar day after deposit in the United States Mail, postage prepaid, registeredor certified, or the next businessday following electronic submission:

To City of Cupertino
Office of the City Manager
10300 Torre Ave.

Cupertino, CA 95014
Attention: Evelyn Moran
Email: [email protected]
To Contractor:

Netzel Grigsby Associates, Inc
6167 Bristol Parkway, Suite 125
Culver City, CA 90230
Attention: Rebecca Merrell
Email: merrell@netzelgrigsby. com

27. EXECUTION
The person executing this Agreement on behalf of Contractor represents and warrants that Contractor has full right, power, and authority to enter into and carry out all actions contemplated by this Agreement and that he or sheis authorized to executethis Agreement, which constitutes a legally binding obligation of Contractor. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each one of which is deemed an original and all of which, taken together, constitute a single binding instrument.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused the Agreement to be executed.

CITY OF CUPERTINO CONTRACTOR
A Municipal Corporation
By By
Name Name
Title Title
Date Date
W. Jay Grigsby
CEO
Oct 11, 2021
W. Jay Grigsby
Susan Michael
Oct 13, 2021
Capital Improvement Program Manager
Susan Michael
Fundraising Planning Services for Jollyman All- Inclusive Playground Page9 of 9 Professional/ Consulting Contracts / Version: October 2021 APPROVED AS TO FORM:

CHRISTOPHER D. JENSEN
Cupertino City Attorney
ATTEST:

KIRSTEN SQUARCIA
City Clerk
Date
Christopher D. Jensen
Oct 13, 2021
Exhibit A & B

City of Cupertino
Fundraising Planning Servicesfor Jollyman Park
NETZELGRIGSBYASSOCIATES – FeeProposal
Fundraising Planning Services: $35,000 is the fixed cost for this scope of work, which includes research, organizationand creatingthe fundraisingplan. Thisis the feefor the scopeof work described in our proposal. It is not prorated by task or activity. Wecan provide monthly invoicing to meet your requirements.

Invoiceswill besentat the closeof the month, with an outline of work accomplished.

Thefeewill be paid asfollows:

Ø Aninitial invoicefor $11,666will be sentat the closeof the first month of service.

Ø Asecondinvoicefor $11,666will be sentat the closeof the secondmonth of service.

Ø A third and final payment of $11,668shall be due at the closeof the contract and upon the presentationanddeliveryof digital copiesof the ExecutiveSummaryandfull report, including a campaignplan.

Servicesshall commencein April 2021upon receipt of the signedAgreement, unlessotherwise mutually determinedbyNETZELGRIGSBYand the Cityof Cupertino.

The City of Cupertino agrees to reimburse NETZELGRIGSBYfor actual out-of-pocket expenses incurred while servicesare rendered. Reimbursableexpensesshall include airfare, lodging, auto rental, ground transportation, photocopying, printing, postage, meals, parking, and mileage (at the current rate established by the IRS) for automobile travel while rendering services. It is estimatedthat the actual out of pocketexpenseswill not exceed $1,500per month.

Overall, the total feefor FundraisingPlanningServiceswill not exceed$39,500.

Exhibit C
Exh. D-InsuranceRequirementsfor DesignProfessionals & ConsultantContracts 1 Form UpdatedSept. 2019
Consultantshallprocurepriortocommencementof Servicesandmaintainfor thedurationof thecontract, atits owncostandexpense, thefollowinginsurancepoliciesandcoveragewithcompaniesdoingbusinessin CaliforniaandacceptabletoCity.

INSURANCEPOLICIES AND MINIMUMS REQUIRED

1. CommercialGeneralLiability (CGL) forbodilyinjury, propertydamage, personalinjuryliability for premisesoperations, productsand completedoperations, contractualliability, and personaland advertisinginjury with limits no lessthan $2,000,000peroccurrence (ISO FormCG 00 01). If a generalaggregatelimit applies, eitherthe generalaggregatelimit shall apply separatelyto this project/location (ISOFormCG2503or2504) orit shallbetwicetherequiredoccurrencelimit. a. It shallbea requirementthatanyavailableinsuranceproceedsbroaderthanor in excessof the specifiedminimuminsurancecoveragerequirementsand/or limits shallbe madeavailableto the AdditionalInsuredandshallbe (i) theminimumcoverage/limitsspecifiedin thisagreement; or (ii) the broadercoverageandmaximumlimits of coverageof anyinsurancepolicy, whicheverisgreater. b. AdditionalInsuredcoverageunderConsultant's policyshallbe "primaryandnon-contributory," will notseekcontributionfromCity’sinsurance/self-insurance, andshallbeatleastasbroadasISO FormCG2010 (04/13).
c. Thelimits of insurancerequiredmaybesatisfiedby a combinationof primaryandumbrellaor excessinsurance, providedeachpolicycomplieswith therequirementssetforthin thisContract. Any umbrellaor excessinsuranceshallcontainor beendorsedto containa provisionthatsuchcoverage shallalsoapplyon a primarybasisfor thebenefitof City beforetheCity’s owninsuranceor self- insuranceshallbecalleduponto protectCity asanamedinsured.

2. AutomobileLiability: ISOCA 00 01coveringanyauto (includingowned, hired, andnon-owned autos) with limits nolessthan $1,000,000peraccidentfor bodily injury andpropertydamage.

3. Workers’ Compensation: As requiredby the Stateof California, with StatutoryLimits and Employer’sLiability Insuranceof nolessthan $1,000,000peroccurrenceforbodilyinjuryordisease.

Notrequired. Consultanthasprovidedwrittenverificationof noemployees.

4. ProfessionalLiability for professionalacts, errorsand omissions, as appropriateto Consultant’s profession, with limits nolessthan $2,000,000peroccurrenceor $2,000,000aggregate. If writtenona claimsmadeform:
a. TheRetroactiveDatemustbeshownandmustbebeforetheEffectiveDateof theContract. b. Insurancemustbemaintainedfor atleastfive (5) yearsaftercompletionof theServices. c. If coverageiscanceledornon-renewed, andnotreplacedwithanotherclaims-madepolicyform with aRetroactiveDatepriorto theContractEffectiveDate, theConsultantmustpurchase extendedreporting” coveragefor aminimumof five (5) yearsaftercompletionof theServices.

EXHIBIT D
InsuranceRequirements
DesignProfessionals & ConsultantsContracts
Exh. D-InsuranceRequirementsfor DesignProfessionals & ConsultantContracts 2 Form UpdatedSept. 2019

OTHER INSURANCEPROVISIONS
Theaforementionedinsuranceshallbeendorsedandhaveall thefollowingconditionsandprovisions:

AdditionalInsuredStatus
TheCity of Cupertino, its City Council, officers, officials, employees, agents, servantsandvolunteers AdditionalInsureds”) areto becoveredasadditionalinsuredsonConsultant’sCGLandautomobile liability policies. GeneralLiability coveragecanbeprovidedin theformof anendorsementto Consultant’s insurance (atleastasbroadasISOFormCG20 10 (11/ 85) orbothCG2010andCG20 37forms, if later editionsareused).

PrimaryCoverage
Coverageaffordedto City/AdditionalInsuredsshallbeprimaryinsurance. Any insuranceor self-insurance maintainedby City, its officers, officials, employees, or volunteersshallbeexcessof Consultant’s insurance andshallnotcontributeto it.

Noticeof Cancellation
Eachinsurancepolicyshallstatethatcoverageshallnotbecanceledor allowedto expire, exceptwith written noticeto City 30daysin advanceor 10daysin advanceif dueto non-paymentof premiums.

Waiverof Subrogation
Consultantwaivesanyright to subrogationagainstCity/AdditionalInsuredsfor recoveryof damagesto the extent said lossesare coveredby the insurancepolicies requiredherein. Specifically, the Workers’ Compensationpolicyshallbeendorsedwith a waiverof subrogationin favorof City for all workperformed by Consultant, its employees, agentsandsubconsultants. Thisprovisionappliesregardlessof whetheror not theCity hasreceivedawaiverof subrogationendorsementfromtheinsurer.

DeductiblesandSelf-InsuredRetentions
Anydeductibleorself-insuredretentionmustbedeclaredtoandapprovedbytheCity. At City’soption, either:
theinsurermustreduceor eliminatethedeductibleor self-insuredretentionsasrespectstheCity/Additional Insureds; or Consultantmustshowproof of ability to pay lossesandcostsrelatedinvestigations, claim administrationanddefenseexpenses. Thepolicyshallprovide, orbeendorsedtoprovide, thattheself-insured retentionmaybesatisfiedby eithertheinsuredor theCity.

Acceptabilityof Insurers
Insurersmustbelicensedto dobusinessin Californiawith anA.M. BestRatingof A-VII, or better.

Verification of Coverage
Consultantmustfurnishacceptableinsurancecertificatesandmandatoryendorsements (or copiesof thepolicies effectingthecoveragerequiredbythisContract), andacopyof theDeclarationsandEndorsementPageof the CGL policy listingall policyendorsementsprior to commencementof theContract. City retainstherightto demandverificationof complianceatanytimeduringtheContractterm.

Subconsultants
Consultantshallrequireandverifythatall subconsultantsmaintaininsurancethatmeettherequirementsof thisContract, includingnamingtheCity asanadditionalinsuredonsubconsultant’sinsurancepolicies.

HigherInsuranceLimits
If Consultantmaintainsbroadercoverageand/orhigherlimitsthantheminimumsshownabove, Cityshallbe entitledto coveragefor thehigherinsurancelimits maintainedby Consultant.

Adequacyof Coverage
City reservestherightto modifytheseinsurancerequirements/coveragebasedonthenatureof therisk, prior experience, insureror otherspecialcircumstances, with notlessthanninety (90) dayspriorwrittennotice.

WLTR001

THE HARTFORD

BUSINESS SERVICE CENTER
3600 WISEMAN BLVD
SAN ANTONIO TX 78251 October 8, 2021

NETZEL GRIGSBY ASSOCIATES INC
PO BOX 5122
CULVER CITY CA 90231
Policy Information:

Policy Number: 41 SBA BZ9042
Contact Us
Business Service Center
Business Hours: Monday - Friday
7AM - 7PM Central Standard Time)
Phone:( 877) 532- 3486
Fax:( 888) 443- 6112
Email: agency. services@thehartford. com
Website: https:// business. thehartford. com
Enclosed please find information pertaining to your policy. Please contact us if you have any questions or concerns.

Thank you for selecting The Hartford for your business insurance needs.

Sincerely,
Your Hartford Service Team

CERTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE

DATE ( MM/ DD/ YYYY)
10/ 08/ 2021
THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER.

THIS CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AFFIRMATIVELY OR NEGATIVELY AMEND, EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES BELOW. THIS CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A CONTRACT BETWEEN THE ISSUING INSURER( S), AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OR PRODUCER, AND THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER.

IMPORTANT: If the certificate holder is an ADDITIONAL INSURED, the policy( ies) must be endorsed. If SUBROGATIONIS WAIVED, subject to the terms and conditions of the policy, certain policies may require an endorsement. A statement on this certificate does not confer rights to the certificate holder in lieu of such endorsement( s).

PRODUCER

USI INSURANCE SERVICES LLC/ PHS
41715776
The Hartford Business Service Center
3600 Wiseman Blvd
San Antonio, TX 78251

CONTACT
NAME:

PHONE
A/ C, No, Ext):
877) 532- 3486 FAX
A/ C, No):
888) 443- 6112

E- MAIL
ADDRESS:

INSURER( S) AFFORDING COVERAGE NAIC#

INSURED

NETZEL GRIGSBY ASSOCIATES INC
PO BOX 5122
CULVER CITY CA 90231- 5122
INSURER A : Sentinel Insurance Company Ltd. 11000
INSURER B :

INSURER C :

INSURER D :

INSURER E :

INSURER F :

COVERAGES CERTIFICATE NUMBER: REVISION NUMBER:

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE POLICIES OF INSURANCE LISTED BELOW HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED ABOVE FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REQUIREMENT, TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THIS

CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY PERTAIN, THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, EXCLUSIONS AND CONDITIONS OF SUCH POLICIES. LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS.

INSR
LTR

TYPE OF INSURANCE ADDL
INSR
SUBR
WVD

POLICY NUMBER POLICY EFF

MM/ DD/ YYYY)

POLICY EXP

MM/ DD/ Y YYY)
LIMITS
A

COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY
X X 41 SBA BZ9042 08/15/ 2021 08/15/ 2022
EACH OCCURRENCE $ 2, 000,000

CLAIMS- MADE X OCCUR DAMAGE TO RENTED
PREMISES ( Ea occurrence)$
1, 000,000
X General Liability MED EXP ( Any one person)$ 10, 000
PERSONAL & ADV INJURY $ 2, 000,000
GEN' L AGGREGATE LIMIT APPLIES PER: GENERAL AGGREGATE $ 4, 000,000

POLICY PRO-
JECT X LOC PRODUCTS - COMP/ OP AGG $ 4, 000,000
OTHER:

A

AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY
X 41 SBA BZ9042 08/15/ 2021 08/15/ 2022

COMBINED SINGLE LIMIT
Ea accident)$
2, 000,000
ANY AUTO BODILY INJURY ( Per person)

ALL OWNED
AUTOS

SCHEDULED
AUTOS
BODILY INJURY ( Per accident)
X
HIRED

AUTOS X

NON- OWNED
AUTOS

PROPERTY DAMAGE
Per accident)
A

X UMBRELLA LIAB

EXCESS LIAB

X OCCUR

CLAIMS-
MADE X 41 SBA BZ9042 08/15/ 2021 08/15/ 2022
EACH OCCURRENCE $ 1, 000,000
AGGREGATE $ 1, 000,000
DED X RETENTION $ 10, 000

WORKERS COMPENSATION

AND EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY
ANY

PROPRIETOR/ PARTNER/ EXECUTIVE
OFFICER/ MEMBER EXCLUDED?
Mandatory in NH)
If yes, describe under
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS below
N/ A
PER

STATUTE
OTH-
ER
Y/ N E. L. EACH ACCIDENT
E. L. DISEASE - EA EMPLOYEE
E. L. DISEASE - POLICY LIMIT

A EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

LIABILITY
41 SBA BZ9042 08/15/ 2021 08/15/ 2022
Each Claim Limit
Aggregate Limit
2, 000,000
4, 000,000
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS / LOCATIONS / VEHICLES ( ACORD 101, Additional Remarks Schedule, may be attached if more space is required) Those usual to the Insured' s Operations.

CERTIFICATE HOLDER CANCELLATION
City of Cupertino
10300 TORRE AVE
CUPERTINO CA 95014- 3202

SHOULD ANY OF THE ABOVE DESCRIBED POLICIES BE CANCELLED

BEFORE THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF, NOTICE WILL BE DELIVERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE POLICY PROVISIONS.

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
1988- 2015 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

ACORD 25 ( 2016/ 03) The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD ACORD 101 ( 2014/ 01)© 2014 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD
AGENCY CUSTOMER ID:

LOC# :

ADDITIONAL REMARKS SCHEDULE Page 2 of 2
AGENCY

USI INSURANCE SERVICES LLC/ PHS

NAMED INSURED

NETZEL GRIGSBY ASSOCIATES INC
PO BOX 5122
CULVER CITY CA 90231- 5122

POLICY NUMBER
SEE ACORD 25

CARRIER
SEE ACORD 25

NAIC CODE
EFFECTIVE DATE: SEE ACORD 25

ADDITIONAL REMARKS

THIS ADDITIONAL REMARKS FORM IS A SCHEDULE TO ACORD FORM FORM NUMBER: ACORD 25 FORM TITLE: CERTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE Notice of Cancellation will be provided in accordance with Form SS1223, attached to this policy. Coverage is primary and noncontributory per the Business Liability Coverage Form SS0008, attached to this policy. Waiver of Subrogation applies in favor of the Certificate Holder per the Business Liability Coverage Form SS0008, attached to this policy. Certificate holder is an additional insured per the Business Liability Coverage Form SS0008, attached to this policy. The City of Cupertino, its City Council, officers, officials, employees, agents, servants and volunteers is an additional insured per the Business Liability Coverage Form SS0008, attached to this policy and the Hired Auto and Non Owned Auto Endorsement SS0438, attached to this policy. Certificate holder is an additional insured per the Business Liability Coverage Form SS0008 and the Umbrella Liability Provisions Form SX8002, attached to this policy.

ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓ Ú±®³ ÍÍðððè ðì
ðë w îððëô̸»
ÏË× Ý Õ ÎÛÚÛÎÛÒÝ
ÛÞ ËÍ×ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ß Þ × Ô ×ÌÇÝÑ Ê ÛÎß
ÙÛ ÚÑÎÓ ÎÛßÜÇÑËÎÐÑÔ ×ÝÇÝ ßÎÛÚËÔ
ÔÇ Þ ËÍ×ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô ×ÌÇ Ý ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓÞ »¹·²²·²¹ ±² п¹»ßò Ý
ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛÍ
ï ïÞ «-·²»--
Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ îÓ »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- îÝ ±
ª»®¿¹» Û¨¬»²-·±² óÍ«°°´»³ »²¬¿®§ п§³ »²¬-Þ ò
ÛÈÝÔ ËÍ×ÑÒÍí Ý ò
É ØÑ ×ÍßÒ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜïð Üò Ô × ßÞ ×Ô ×
ÌÇßÒÜÓÛÜ× Ý ßÔ ÛÈÐÛÒÍÛÍ
Ô × Ó ×ÌÍÑÚ ×ÒÍËÎßÒÝÛ ïì Ûò Ô ×ßÞ × Ô ×ÌÇ ßÒÜÓ
ÛÜ×Ý
ßÔ ÛÈÐÛÒÍÛÍÙÛÒÛÎßÔÝ ÑÒÜ×Ì× ÑÒÍïë ïò ïëÞ ¿² µ®«°¬½§îò
ïëÜ«¬·»- ײ ̸» Ûª»²¬ Ñ
ºÑ ½½«®®»²½»ôÑ ºº»²-» ôÝ ´¿·³ Ñ ®
Í«·¬ íò ïêÚ·²¿²½·¿´Î»-°±²-·¾·´·¬§
Ô ¿© -ìò
ïêÔ »¹¿´ß½¬·±² ß¹¿·²-¬
Ë- ëò ïêÍ»°¿®¿¬·±² Ñ º×²-«®»¼-êò ïêλ°®»-»²¬¿¬·±²-éò ïêÑ ¬¸»®×²-«®¿²½»èò ïéÌ®¿²-º»® Ñ ºÎ·¹¸¬- Ñ ºÎ»½± ª»®§
ß¹¿·²-¬ Ñ ¬¸»®-
̱ Ë-Úò ÑÐÌ×ÑÒßÔßÜÜ× Ì× ÑÒßÔ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜÝ ÑÊ
ÛÎßÙÛÍïè ïèß¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²-«®»¼-Ùò Ô ×
ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓ Ê ¿®·±«- °®±ª·-·±²- ·² ¬¸·- °±´·½§ ®»-¬®·½¬½± ª»®¿¹» ò
λ¿¼ ¬¸» »²¬·®» °±´·½§ ½¿®» º«´´§ ¬± ¼»¬»®³ ·²» ®·¹¸¬-ô¼«¬·»- ¿²¼ © ¸¿¬ª»®»¼ò ̸®±«¹¸±«¬¬¸·- °±´·½§ ¬¸» © ±®¼- þ§±« þ ¿²¼ þ§±«®þ ®» º»®¬± ¬¸» Ò¿³ »¼ ײ-«®»¼ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-ò ̸» © ±®¼- þ© » þôþ«- þ¿²¼ þ±«® þ®» º»®¬± ¬¸» -¬±½ µ ·²-«®¿²½» ½±³ °¿²§ ³ »³ ¾»®±ºÌ¸» Ø¿®¬º±®¼ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»ò Ý̸» © ±®¼ þ·²-«®»¼þ³ »¿²- ¿²§ °»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ¯«¿´·º§·²¹ ¿- -«½¸ «²¼»®Í»½¬·±² òóÉ ¸± ×- ß² ײ-«®»¼ ò ÙÑ ¬¸»®© ±®¼- ¿²¼ °¸®¿-»- ¬¸¿¬¿°°»¿® ·² ¯«±¬¿¬·±² ³ ¿®µ- ¸¿ ª» -°»½·¿´³ »¿²·²¹ ò λ º»®¬± Í»½¬·±² òó Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ ß²¼Ó »¼·½¿´Û¨°»²-»- Ü» º·²·¬·±²-ò ø¿÷ ̸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ßò ÝÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛÍ þ ·- ½¿«-»¼ ¾§ ¿²ïò Þ ËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ × Ô × ÌÇ Ý ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛøÞ ÑÜ× Ô Ç þ±½½«®®»²½»þ ¬¸¿¬¬¿µ»- °´¿½» ·² ¬¸»×ÒÖ ËÎÇôÐÎÑÐÛÎÌÇÜßÓ ßÙÛô ÐÛÎÍÑÒßÔþ½± ª»®¿¹» ¬»®®·¬±®§
þåßÒÜßÜÊÛÎÌ×Í× ÒÙ×
ÒÖ ËÎÇ÷ ø¾÷ ̸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§×²-«®·²¹ ß¹®»»³ »²¬¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ±½½«®- ¼«®·²¹ ¬¸» °±´·½§¿ò É » © ·´´ °¿§ ¬¸±-» -«³ - ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼°»®·±¼å¿²¼ø½÷ Ю·±®¬± ¬¸» °±´·½§ °»®·±¼ ô²± ·²-«®»¼¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ± º þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þô ïò´·-¬»¼ «²¼»® п®¿¹®¿°¸ ± ºÍ»½¬·±²
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ Ý ò
É ¸± ×­ ß² ײ­«®»¼ ¿²¼ ²±¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ þ ¬± © ¸·½¸ ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»þ»³ °´±§»» þ¿«¬¸±®·¦»¼ ¾§ §±« ¬± ¹· ª»¿°°´·»-ò
É » © ·´´¸¿ª» ¬¸» ®·¹¸¬¿²¼ ¼«¬§ ¬±±® ®»½»·ª» ²±¬·½» ± º¿² þ±½½«®®»²½» þ¼» º»²¼ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ¿¹¿·²-¬ ¿²§ þ-«·¬ þ ±®½´¿·³ ôµ²»© ¬¸¿¬¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ-»» µ·²¹ ¬¸±-» ¼¿³ ¿¹»-ò
ر© » ª»® ô© » © ·´´±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ¸¿¼ ±½½«®®»¼ ô¸¿ ª» ²± ¼«¬§ ¬± ¼»
º»²¼ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ¿¹¿·²-¬·² © ¸±´» ±® ·² °¿®¬ò × º-«½¸ ¿ ´·-¬»¼¿²§ þ-«·¬ þ -»» µ·²¹ ¼¿³ ¿¹»- º±® þ¾±¼·´§·²-«®»¼ ±® ¿«¬¸±®·¦»¼ þ»³ °´±§»»þ·²¶«®§ þôþ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´¿²¼
µ²»© ô°®·±®¬± ¬¸» °±´·½§ °»®·±¼ô¬¸¿¬¿¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ ¬± © ¸·½¸ ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ò ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±½½«®®»¼ô ¬¸»² ¿²§ É » ³ ¿§ô ¿¬ ±«® ¼·-½®»¬·±²ô ·²
ª»-¬·¹¿¬» ¿²§½±²¬·²«¿¬·±²ô ½¸¿²¹» ±® ®»-«³ °¬·±²þ±½½«®®»²½» þ±®± ºº»²-» ¿²¼ -»¬¬´» ¿²§ ½´¿·³±
º -«½¸ þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ þ-«·¬þ¬¸¿¬³ ¿§ ®»-«´¬ ò
Þ «¬
æ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ¼«®·²¹ ±® ¿º¬»® ¬¸» °±´·½§ ª» ¾»»²
øï÷ ̸» ¿³ ±«²¬© » © ·´´°¿§ º±®¼¿³ ¿¹»- ·-µ²±© ² °®·±®¬± ¬¸» °±´·½§ °»®·±¼òÜò´·³ ·¬»¼ ¿- ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² Í»½¬·±² ó øî÷ ̱ þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ þÔ ·¿¾·´·¬§ ß²¼
Ó »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- Ô ·³ ·¬-ºº»²-» ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º§±«® Ñ
º×²-«®¿²½»å¿²¼ ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ · º ¬¸» ± ºº»²-» © ¿-øî÷ Ñ«® ®·¹¸¬¿²¼ ¼«¬§ ¬± ¼»º»²¼ »²¼- © ¸»²½±³ ³ ·¬¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» þ½± ª»®¿¹» ¬»®®·¬±®§ þ© » ¸¿ª» «-»¼ «° ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬ ±º¼«®·²¹ ¬¸» °±´·½§ °»®·±¼ò·²-«®¿²½» ·² ¬¸» °¿§³ »²¬ ±º ¶«¼¹³ »²¬- ô ò þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ © ·´´¾»-»¬¬´»³ »²¬- ±®³ »¼·½¿´»¨°»²-»- ¬± © ¸·½¸ ª» ¾»»² µ²±© ² ¬± ¸¿ª»¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»- ò Ò± ±¬¸»® ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ±® ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¬± °¿§ -«³ - ±®ïò·²-«®»¼ ´·-¬»¼ «²¼»® п®¿¹®¿°¸ ±ºÍ»½¬·±²°»®º±®³ ¿½¬- ±® -»®ª·½»- ·- ½±ª»®»¼ «²´»-- ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓøî÷ ¾ òλ½»·
ª»- ¿ © ®·¬¬»² ±® ª»®¾¿´¼»³ ¿²¼ ±®É » © ·´´³ ¿
µ» ¬¸»-» °¿§³ »²¬- ®»¹¿®¼´»-- ±º º±®¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ± º¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§ º¿«´¬
ò ̸»-» °¿§³ »²¬- © ·´´²±¬»¨½»»¼ ¬¸»þ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þå±®¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬ ± º ·²-«®¿²½» ò
É » © ·´´ °¿§º±® æøí÷ Þ »½±³ »- ¿© ¿®» ¾§ ¿²§ ±¬¸»®³ »¿²- ¬¸¿¬øï÷ þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ¸¿-
Ú·®-¬¿·¼ ¿¼³ ·²·-¬»®»¼ ¿¬¬¸» ¬·³ » ± º¿²
ò ¿½½·¼»²¬ å ò øî÷ Ü¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ±
ºþ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ·²½´«¼»Ò»½»--¿®§ ³ »¼·½¿´ô -«®¹·½¿´ô ¨ 󮿧 ¿²¼
ª·½»-ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ °®±-¬¸»¬·½º±® ½¿®» ô ´±-- ±º -»®ª·½»- ±®¼»ª·½»- 忲¼ º®±³ ¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§øí÷ Ò»½»--¿®§ ¿³ ¾«´¿²½»ô ¸±-°·¬¿´ô·²¶«®§
þò °®±º»--·±²¿´ ²«®-·²¹ ¿²¼ º«²»®¿´
ò ײ½·¼»²¬¿´Ó »¼·½¿´Ó ¿´°®¿½¬·½»-»® ª·½»-ò øï÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ± º ¬¸»
íò ÝÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ ÛÈÌÛÒÍ×
ÑÒ ó º ±® º¿·´«®» ¬± ®»²¼»®ÍËÐÐÔÛÓ ÛÒÌßÎÇ ÐßÇÓ ÛÒÌÍ
º»--·±²¿´ ¸»¿´¬¸ ½¿®» -»®ª·½»- ¿- ¿¿ò
É » © ·´´ °¿§ ô © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ¿²§ ½´¿·³ ±®°¸§-·½·¿²ô ¼»²¬·-¬ ô ²«®-»ô »³ »®¹»²½§ þ-«·¬ þ © » ·²ª»-¬·¹¿¬» ±® -»¬¬´» ô±® ¿²§
þ-«·¬þ³ »¼·½¿´ ¬»½¸²·½·¿² ±® °¿®¿³ »¼·½ -¸¿´´¿¹¿·²-¬¿² ·²-«®»¼ © » ¼»º»²¼ æ¾» ¼»»³ »¼ ¬± ¾» ½¿«-»¼ ¾§ ¿²
øï÷ ß´´»¨°»²-»- © » ·²½«®
òþ±½½«®®»²½»þô¾«¬±²´§ ·
ºæ øî÷
Ë° ¬± üïôððð
º±® ¬¸» ½±-¬±º¾¿·´¾±²¼-
ø¿÷ ̸» °¸§-·½·¿²
ô ¼»²¬·-¬ô ²«®-»ô ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾»½¿«-» ±º¿½½·¼»²¬- ±® ¬®¿ºº·½»³ »®¹»²½§ ³ »¼·½¿´ ¬»½¸²·½·¿² ±®´¿© ª·±´¿¬·±²- ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ± º ¬¸» «-» ±º°¿®¿³ »¼·½ ·- »³ °´±§»¼ ¾§ §±« ¬±¿²§ ª»¸·½´» ¬± © ¸·½¸ Þ «-·²»-- Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§°®± ª·¼» -«½¸ -»®ª·½»-
忲¼ Ý ± ª»®¿¹» º±®
þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ¿°°´·»-ò
É » ø¾÷ DZ« ¿®» ²±¬ »²¹¿¹»¼ ·² ¬¸»¼± ²±¬¸¿
ª» ¬± º«®²·-¸ ¬¸»-» ¾±²¼-ò¾«-·²»-- ±®±½½«°¿¬·±² ±º°®±
ª·¼·²¹øí÷
̸» ½±-¬ ±º ¿°°»¿´¾±²¼- ±® ¾±²¼- ¬±-«½¸ -»®ª·½»- ò ®»´»¿-» ¿¬¬¿½¸³ »²¬- ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ º±® ¾±²¼øî÷
Ú±® ¬¸» °«®°±-» ±º ¼»¬»®³ ·²·²¹ ¬¸»¿³ ±«²¬- © ·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬ ± º´·³ ·¬- ± º·²-«®¿²½» º±®·²½·¼»²¬¿´³ »¼·½¿´·²-«®¿²½»
ò É » ¼± ²±¬ ¸¿
ª» ¬± º«®²·-¸³ ¿´°®¿½¬·½»
ô ¿²§ ¿½¬ ±® ±³ ·--·±²¬¸»-» ¾±²¼-
ò¬±¹»¬¸»® © ·¬¸ ¿´´ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¿½¬- ±® øì÷ ß´´®»¿-±²¿¾´» »¨°»²-»- ·²½«®®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸»±³ ·--·±²- ·² ¬¸» º«®²·-¸·²¹ ±
º ¬¸»-»·²-«®»¼ ¿¬±«®®»¯«»-¬¬± ¿--·-¬«- ·² ¬¸»-»®ª·½»- ¬± ¿²§ ±²» °»®-±² © ·´´ ¾»·² ª»-¬·¹¿¬·±² ±® ¼»
º»²-» ±º¬¸» ½´¿·³ ±®½±²-·¼»®»¼ ±²» þ±½½«®®»²½» þò þ-«·¬ þô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿½¬«¿´´±-- ±º »¿®²·²¹-îò ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓò × º © » ¼» º»²¼ ¿² ·²-«®»¼ ¿¹¿·²-¬ ¿ þ-«·¬ þ
ͱ ´±²¹ ¿- ¬¸» ¿¾±
ª» ½±²¼·¬·±²- ¿®» ³ »¬ô º ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ·- ¿´-± ¿¬¬±®²»§- ù
º»»- ·²½«®®»¼ ¾§ «- ·² ¬¸»þ-«·¬ þô © » © ·´´ ¼»º»²-» ±
º ¬¸¿¬ ·²¼»³ ²·¬»»ô ²»½»--¿®§º»²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ·²¼»³ ²·¬»» ·
º ¿´´ ±
º ¬¸» ´·¬·¹¿¬·±² »¨°»²-»- ·²½«®®»¼ ¾§ «- ¿²¼º±´´±© ·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±²- ¿®» ³ »¬æ ²»½»--¿®§ ´·¬·¹¿¬·±² »¨°»²-»- ·²½«®®»¼øï÷ ̸» þ-«·¬ þ ¿¹¿·²-¬ ¬¸» ·²¼»³ ²·¬»»°¿·¼ ¿- Í«°°´»³ »²¬¿®§ п§³ »²¬- ò-»» µ- ¼¿³ ¿¹»-
º±® © ¸·½¸ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼º ¬¸» Ò±¬© ·¬¸-¬¿²¼·²¹ ¬¸» °®±
ª·-·±²- ±º ïò¾òø¾÷
Þ ò·²¼»³²·¬»»·²¿½±²¬®¿½¬±®¿¹®»»³»²¬
Ð ¿®¿¹®¿°¸± ºÍ»½¬·±²
þ·²-«®»¼ ½±²¬®¿½¬ þåÛ¨½´«-·±²- ô-«½¸ °¿§³ »²¬- © ·´´²±¬¾» º±®
þ¾±¼·´§ øî÷
̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»- ¬± -«½¸ ´·¿¾·´·¬§·²¶«®§þ ¿²¼
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ¿²¼ © ·´´¿--«³ »¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼å ²±¬®»¼«½» ¬¸» Ô ·³ ·¬- ±º×²-«®¿²½»
òøí÷ ̸» ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ¬± ¼»
º»²¼
ô±®¬¸» ½±-¬±ºÑ «® ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ¬± ¼» º»²¼ ¿² ·²-«®»¼
ù-¬¸» ¼»
º»²-» ± ºô ¬¸¿¬ ·²¼»³ ²·¬»»ô ¸¿-·²¼»³ ²·¬»» ¿²¼ ¬± °¿§
º±® ¿¬¬±®²»§-ùº»»-¿´-± ¾»»² ¿--«³ »¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ·²¿²¼ ²»½»--¿®§ ´·¬·¹¿¬·±² »¨°»²-»- ¿-¬¸» -¿³ » þ·²-«®»¼ ½±²¬®¿½¬þåÍ«°°´»³ »²¬¿®§ п§³ »²¬- »²¼- © ¸»²æøì÷ ̸» ¿´´»¹¿¬·±²- ·² ¬¸» þ-«·¬ þ ¿²¼ ¬¸»øï÷ É » ¸¿ ª» «-»¼ «° ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬·² º±®³ ¿¬·±² © » µ²±© ¿¾±«¬ ¬¸»±
º ·²-«®¿²½» ·² ¬¸» °¿§³ »²¬ ± ºþ±½½«®®»²½»þ ¿®» -«½¸ ¬¸¿¬²± ½±²º´·½¬¶«¼¹³ »²¬- ±®-»¬¬´»³ »²¬-å±®¿°°»¿®- ¬± »¨·-¬¾»¬© »»² ¬¸» ·²¬»®»-¬-øî÷± º ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»-¬ ±º ¬¸» ̸» ½±²¼·¬·±²- -»¬ º±®¬¸ ¿¾±ª» ô ±® ¬¸»å ¬»®³ - ± º ¬¸» ¿¹®»»³ »²¬ ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² øê÷п®¿¹®¿°¸ ¿¾±ª» ô¿®» ²± ´±²¹»®³ »¬
òøë÷ ̸» ·²¼»³ ²·¬»» ¿²¼ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ¿-µº»²-»Þ òÛÈÝ Ô ËÍ× ÑÒͺ¬¸¿¬·²¼»³ ²·¬»» ¿¹¿·²-¬-«½¸ þ-«·¬ þ ïò ß°°´·½¿¾´» ̱
Þ «-·²»-- Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ Ý ± ª»®¿¹»¿²¼ ¿¹®»» ¬¸¿¬ © » ½¿² ¿--·¹² ¬¸»Ì¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± æ-¿³ » ½±«²-»´ ¬± ¼»
º»²¼ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼å¿²¼¿
ò Û¨°»½¬»¼ Ѯײ¬»²¼»¼ ײ¶«®§ øê÷
̸» ·²¼»³ ²·¬»»
æ øï÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ º®±³ ¬¸» ø¿÷ ß¹®»»- ·² © ®·¬·²¹ ¬±æ º ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ò ̸·- ø·÷ Ý ±±°»®¿¬» © ·¬¸ «- ·² ¬¸»»¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬± þ¾±¼·´§·²
ª»-¬·¹¿¬·±²ô -»¬¬´»³ »²¬ ±®·²¶«®§þ ±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ®»-«´¬·²¹¼»
º»²-» ±º¬¸» þ-«·¬þå
º®±³ ¬¸» «-» ±
º ®»¿-±²¿¾´» º±®½» ¬± ø··÷ ׳ ³ »¼·¿¬»´§ -»²¼ «- ½±°·»- ±º°®±¬»½¬°»®-±²- ±®°®±°»®¬§å±® ô ²±¬·½»- ô øî÷ þл®-±²¿´¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ ¿®·-·²¹-«³ ³ ±²-»- ±® ´»¹¿´ °¿°»®-±«¬±º ¿² ± ºº»²-» ½±³ ³ ·¬¬»¼ ¾§ô¿¬¬¸»®»½»·
ª»¼ ·² ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸¼·®»½¬·±² ±
º ±® © ·¬¸ ¬¸» ½±²-»²¬ ±®¬¸» þ-«·¬ þå ¿½¯«·»-½»²½» ±º ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ © ·¬¸ ¬¸»ø···÷ Ò±¬· º§ ¿²§ ±¬¸»®·²-«®»®© ¸±-»»¨°»½¬¿¬·±² ±º ·² ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓø¾÷ ø¾÷þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ л®
º±®³ ·²¹ ¼«¬·»- ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸»
º¬¸»·²­«®»¼ ô±® þ·²-«®»¼ ½±²¬®¿½¬þô øî÷ ̸» -°±«-»ô ½¸·´¼ ô °¿®»²¬ ô ¾®±¬¸»® ±® ª·¼»¼ ¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±®-·-¬»® ± º ¬¸¿¬ þ»³ °´±§»»þ ¿- ¿
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ±½½«®-
øï÷½±²-»¯«»²½» ±º ¿¾±
ª» ò
º¬¸»Ì¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¿°°´·»- æ½±²¬®¿½¬ ±® ¿¹®»»³ »²¬
ò
ͱ´»´§ º±®
øï÷
É ¸»¬¸»® ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ³ ¿§ ¾» ´·¿¾´» ¿-¬¸» °«®°±-» ±º ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿--«³ »¼ ·²¿² »³ °´±§»® ±® ·² ¿²§ ±¬¸»® ½¿°¿½·¬§å¿² þ·²-«®»¼ ½±²¬®¿½¬ þô ®»¿-±²¿¾´»¿²¼¿¬¬±®²»§- ù º»»- ¿²¼ ²»½»--¿®§
º±®øî÷ ̱ ¿²§ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ¬± -¸¿®» ¼¿³ ¿¹»-º°¿§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ± º¬¸» ·²¶«®§ ò þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ̸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§°®±ª·¼»¼ æ ¿--«³ »¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ «²¼»®¿² þ·²-«®»¼ ø·÷ Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ ¬± -«½¸ °¿®¬§
º±®ô±®º±®½±²¬®¿½¬ þò ºô ¬¸¿¬°¿®¬§
º»²­» ºò
б´´«¬·±²¸¿- ¿´-± ¾»»² ¿--«³ »¼ ·² ¬¸»øï÷
þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þô
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±®-¿³ » þ·²-«®»¼ ½±²¬®¿½¬ þô¿²¼
þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§
þø··÷ Í«½¸ ¿¬¬±®²»§-ù º»»- ¿²¼¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±
º ¬¸» ¿½¬«¿´ ô ¿´´»¹»¼ ±®´·¬·¹¿¬·±² »¨°»²-»- ¿®» º±®¬¸®»¿¬»²»¼ ¼·-½¸¿®¹»ô ¼·-°»®-¿´ ô¼» º»²-» ± º¬¸¿¬°¿®¬§ ¿¹¿·²-¬¿-»»°¿¹»
ô³ ·¹®¿¬·±² ô®»´»¿-» ±®»-½¿°»½·ª·´ ±® ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ¼·-°«¬»± ºþ°±´´«¬¿²¬- þæ®»-±´«¬·±² °®±½»»¼·²¹ ·² © ¸·½¸ø¿÷
߬ ±® º®±³ ¿²§ °®»³ ·-»-ô -·¬» ±®¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¬± © ¸·½¸ ¬¸·-´±½¿¬·±² © ¸·½¸ ·- ±® © ¿- ¿¬ ¿²§·²-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»- ¿®» ¿´´»¹»¼ ò ¬·³ » ±© ²»¼ ±® ±½½«°·»¼ ¾§ô ±®½
ò
Ô ·¯«±®Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§®»²¬»¼ ±® ´±¿²»¼ ¬± ¿²§ ·²-«®»¼
ò þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ º±® ر© »
ª»® ô¬¸·- -«¾°¿®¿¹®¿°¸ ¼±»-
æ ºæø·÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ· º-«-¬¿·²»¼ © ·¬¸·²
øï÷ Ý ¿«-·²¹ ±® ½±²¬®·¾«¬·²¹ ¬± ¬¸»¿ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¿²¼ ½¿«-»¼ ¾§º¿²§ °»®-±²å -³ ± µ» ô
º«³ »-ô ª¿°±® ±® -±±¬º®±³ øî÷ ̸» º«®²·-¸·²¹ ±
º¿´½±¸±´·½ ¾»
ª»®¿¹»- ¬±»¯«·°³ »²¬¬¸¿¬·- «-»¼ ¬± ¸»¿¬
ô¿ °»®-±² «²¼»®¬¸» ´»¹¿´¼®·²µ·²¹ ¿¹» ±®½±±´±®¼»¸«³ ·¼·
º§ ¬¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹
ô«²¼»®¬¸» ·²º´«»²½» ±º¿´½±¸±´ å±®±® »¯«·°³ »²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ·- «-»¼ ¬± øí÷ ß²§ -¬¿¬«¬» ô ±®¼·²¿²½» ±® ®»¹«´¿¬·±²¸»¿¬© ¿¬»® º±®°»®-±²¿´«-» ô¾§®»´¿¬·²¹ ¬± ¬¸» -¿´»ô¹· º¬ ô¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±² ±®¬¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ù- ±½½«°¿²¬- ±®¬¸»·®«-» ± º¿´½±¸±´·½ ¾» ª»®¿¹»- ò ¹«»-¬-
å ̸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¿°°´·»- ±²´§ ·º§±« ¿®» ·² ¬¸» ø··÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§¾«-·²»-- ±º ³ ¿²« º¿½¬«®·²¹ô ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·²¹ô ¼¿³ ¿¹» þº±®© ¸·½¸ §±« ³ ¿§ ¾»-»´´·²¹ ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓø···÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ®»´»¿-»¼ ¿- °¿®¬ ± º ¬¸» þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±
º ¸»¿¬
ô ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¾»·²¹ °»®º±®³ »¼ µ» ±®
º«³ »- º®±³ ¿ ¾§ -«½¸ ·²-«®»¼ ô½±²¬®¿½¬±®±®þ¸±-¬·´» º·®» þå -«¾½±²¬®¿½¬±®å ø¾÷ ø··÷
߬ ±® º®±³ ¿²§ °®»³ ·-»- ô -·¬» ±®
þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ þ -«-¬¿·²»¼ © ·¬¸·² ¿º±®¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ ±® ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¿²¼ ½¿«-»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» º±® ¬¸» ¸¿²¼´·²¹ô -¬±®¿¹» ô ®»´»¿-» ±
º ¹¿-»-ô º«³ »- ±®
ô °®±½»--·²¹ ±® ¬®»¿¬³ »²¬ ª¿°±®- º®±³ ³ ¿¬»®·¿´- ¾®±«¹¸¬ º© ¿-¬» å ·²¬± ¬¸¿¬ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ·² ½±²²»½¬·±²º±®³ »¼ ø½÷ É ¸·½¸ ¿®» ±® © »®» ¿¬ ¿²§ ¬·³ »¾§ §±« ±® ±² §±«® ¾»¸¿´º ¾§ ¿¬®¿²-°±®¬»¼ô ¸¿²¼´»¼ ô -¬±®»¼ ô ½±²¬®¿½¬±®±®-«¾½±²¬®¿½¬±®å±®¬®»¿¬»¼ô¼·-°±-»¼ ± ºô±®°®±½»--»¼ø···÷¿- © ¿-¬» ¾§ ±® º±®æþÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§
þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¸»¿¬ôø·÷ ß²§ ·²-«®»¼
å±®-³ ± µ» ±® º«³ »- º®±³ ¿ ø··÷
ß²§ °»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² º±®
þ¸±-¬·´» º·®» þå±®© ¸±³ §±« ³ ¿§ ¾» ´»¹¿´´§
ø»÷ ߬ ±® º®±³ ¿²§ °®»³ ·-»-
ô -·¬» ±®®»-°±²-·¾´»å ´±½¿¬·±² ±² © ¸·½¸ ¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ ±®¿²§ø¼÷ ߬ ±® º®±³ ¿²§ °®»³ ·-»-ô -·¬» ±®½±²¬®¿½¬±®- ±® -«¾½±²¬®¿½¬±®-´±½¿¬·±² ±² © ¸·½¸ ¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ ±®© ±®µ·²¹ ¼·®»½¬´§ ±®·²¼·®»½¬´§ ±² ¿²§¿²§ ½±²¬®¿½¬±®- ±® -«¾½±²¬®¿½¬±®-·²­«®»¼º¿®»°»® º±®³·²¹© ±®µ·²¹ ¼·®»½¬´§ ±® ·²¼·®»½¬´§ ±²±°»®¿¬·±²- ·º ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¿®» ¬±¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ ù- ¾»¸¿´ º ¿®»¬»-¬ º±® ô³ ±²·¬±®ô½´»¿² «°ô®»³ ± ª» ô°»®
º±®³ ·²¹ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ·º ¬¸»½±²¬¿·²ô¬®»¿¬
ô¼»¬±¨· º§ ±®²»«¬®¿´·¦»ôþ°±´´«¬¿²¬-þ ¿®» ¾®±«¹¸¬ ±² ±® ¬±±®·² ¿²§ © ¿§ ®»-°±²¼ ¬±ô±®¿--»--¬¸» °®»³ ·-»- ô -·¬» ±® ´±½¿¬·±² ·²¬¸» »
ºº»½¬- ± ºôþ°±´´«¬¿²¬-
þò½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ -«½¸ ±°»®¿¬·±²-øî÷ ß²§ ´±--
ô ½±-¬ ±® »¨°»²-» ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬¾§ -«½¸ ·²-«®»¼ô ½±²¬®¿½¬±® ±®±º¿²§ æ-«¾½±²¬®¿½¬±® ò ر© » ª»®
ô ¬¸·- ø¿÷-«¾°¿®¿¹®¿°¸ ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±æ λ¯«»-¬
ô¼»³ ¿²¼ô±®¼»®±®-¬¿¬«¬±®§
ø·÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§·²-«®»¼ ±® ±¬¸»®- ¬»-¬ º±®
ô ³ ±²·¬±® ô¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ± º ¬¸»½´»¿² «°ô ®»³ ± ª» ô ½±²¬¿·²
ô ¬®»¿¬
ô»-½¿°» ± º º«»´-
ô ´«¾®·½¿²¬- ±®¼»¬±¨·
º§ ±®²»«¬®¿´·¦»ô±®·² ¿²§ © ¿§±¬¸»®±°»®¿¬·²¹
º´«·¼- © ¸·½¸ ¿®»®»-°±²¼ ¬± ô±®¿--»-- ¬¸» » ºº»½¬- ±
ºô²»»¼»¼ ¬± °»®º±®³ ¬¸» ²±®³ ¿´
þ°±´´«¬¿²¬-
þå±®»´»½¬®·½¿´
ô ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ±®
ø¾÷³ »½¸¿²·½¿´ º«²½¬·±²- Ý ´¿·³ ±® -«·¬¾§ ±® ±² ¾»¸¿´º± º¿ º±® ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±² ±º ¹± ª»®²³ »²¬¿´ ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓò ß·®½®¿º¬ ôß«¬± Ñ® É ¿¬»®½®¿ º¬ øî÷ ̸» «-» ±
ºþ³ ±¾·´» »¯«·°³ »²¬þ ·² ô ±® º±®
ô¿þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ¿®·-·²¹°®»¿®®¿²¹»¼ ®¿½·²¹
ô -°»»¼ ±®±«¬ ±
º ¬¸» ±© ²»®-¸·°ô ³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½»ô «-» ±®¼»³ ±´·¬·±² ½±²¬»-¬ ±® ·² ¿²§ -¬«²¬·²¹»²¬®«-¬³ »²¬ ¬± ±¬¸»®- ±º¿²§ ¿·®½®¿ º¬ ôþ¿«¬± þ ¿½¬· ª·¬§ ò±®© ¿¬»®½®¿ º¬±© ²»¼ ±®±°»®¿¬»¼ ¾§ ±®®»²¬»¼ ò É ¿®±® ´±¿²»¼ ¬± ¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ ò
Ë-» ·²½´«¼»-þ´±¿¼·²¹ ±®«²´±¿¼·²¹ þò þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þô þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ±® ̸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¿°°´·»- »ª»² · º ¬¸» ½´¿·³ - þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þô ¸±© » ª»®ô¿®·-·²¹ ô¼·®»½¬´§ ±®·²¼·®»½¬´§ô±«¬± ºæ ª·-·±² ô ¸·®·²¹
ô øï÷
É ¿® ô·²½´«¼·²¹ «²¼»½´¿®»¼ ±®½·ª·´© ¿®
廳 °´±§³ »²¬ô¬®¿·²·²¹ ±®³ ±²·¬±®·²¹ ±º±¬¸»®-
øî÷
É ¿®´·µ» ¿½¬·±² ¾§ ¿ ³ ·´·¬¿®§ º±®½» ô¾§ ¬¸¿¬ ·²-«®»¼ô ·º ¬¸» þ±½½«®®»²½»þ © ¸·½¸·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿½¬·±² ·² ¸·²¼»®·²¹ ±®½¿«-»¼ ¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§¼» º»²¼·²¹ ¿¹¿·²-¬ ¿² ¿½¬«¿´ ±®¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ·²
ª±´ ª»¼ ¬¸» ±© ²»®-¸·°ô »¨°»½¬»¼ ¿¬¬¿½
µô ¾§ ¿²§ ¹±ª»®²³ »²¬ ô³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ô«-» ±®»²¬®«-¬³ »²¬¬± ±¬¸»®- ±º-± ª»®»·¹² ±® ±¬¸»® ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ «-·²¹¿²§ ¿·®½®¿º¬ ô þ¿«¬±þ ±® © ¿¬»®½®¿º¬ ¬¸¿¬ ·-³ ·´·¬¿®§ °»®-±²²»´±®±¬¸»®¿¹»²¬-å±®±© ²»¼ ±®±°»®¿¬»¼ ¾§ ±®®»²¬»¼ ±®´±¿²»¼ ¬±øí÷ ײ-«®®»½¬·±² ô ®»¾»´´·±² ô ®»ª±´«¬·±²ô¿²§ ·²-«®»¼
ò ô ±® ¿½¬·±² ¬¿µ»² ¾§
̸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±æ ¹± ª»®²³ »²¬¿´¿«¬¸±®·¬§ ·² ¸·²¼»®·²¹ ±®øï÷ ß © ¿¬»®½®¿º¬© ¸·´» ¿-¸±®» ±² °®»³ ·-»-¼»º»²¼·²¹ ¿¹¿·²-¬¿²§ ±º¬¸»-» ò§±« ±© ² ±®®»²¬ å ¶ò Ю±
º»--·±²¿´ Í»® ª·½»- øî÷ ß © ¿¬»®½®¿
º¬§±« ¼± ²±¬±© ² ¬¸¿¬·-æ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þô
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ±®ø¿÷ Ô »-- ¬¸¿² ëï º»»¬´±²¹
忲¼ þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ ¿®·-·²¹
º¬¸» ®»²¼»®·²¹ ±º±® º¿·´«®» ¬± ®»²¼»®ø¾÷ Ò±¬ ¾»·²¹ «-»¼ ¬± ½¿®®§ °»®-±²-º»--·±²¿´ -»® ª·½» ò ̸·- ·²½´«¼»- º±®¿ ½¸¿®¹»
åæøí÷ п® µ·²¹ ¿² þ¿«¬± þ ±² ô±® ±² ¬¸» © ¿§-øï÷
Ô »¹¿´ ô ¿½½±«²¬·²¹ ±® ¿¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹²»¨¬ ¬±
ô °®»³ ·-»- §±« ±© ² ±® ®»²¬ ô
ª·½»-å°®± ª·¼»¼ ¬¸» þ¿«¬±
þ·- ²±¬±© ²»¼ ¾§ ±® å øî÷
Ю»°¿®·²¹ô ¿°°®± ª·²¹ ô ±® º¿·´·²¹ ¬± ª» ³ ¿°- ô -¸±°
øì÷ Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿--«³ »¼ «²¼»® ¿²§ þ·²-«®»¼ô ±°·²·±²- ô ®»°±®¬- ô -«® ª»§- ô½±²¬®¿½¬þ
º±® ¬¸» ±© ²»®-¸·°ôº·»´¼ ±®¼»®-ô ½¸¿²¹» ±®¼»®-ô¼»-·¹²- ±®³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ±® «-» ± º ¿·®½®¿ º¬ ±® º·½¿¬·±²- å© ¿¬»®½®¿º¬ å øí÷
Í«°»®
ª·-±®§ ô ·²-°»½¬·±² ô ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´
øë÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ª·¬·»- å¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±² ±º ¿²§ ± ººòøî÷¬¸» »¯«·°³ »²¬´·-¬»¼ ·² ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓ øè÷ øï÷ øí÷ øì÷ Ñ°¬±³ »¬®§ ±® ±°¬±³ »¬®·½ -»®
ª·½»-
п®¿¹®¿°¸- ô ¿²¼ ±º ¬¸·- þ°®±°»®¬§
º ¬¸» »§»- ¿²¼ ¬¸» °®»-½®·¾·²¹ô ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ
ø±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ¼¿³ ¿¹» ¾§ º·®»÷ ¬±
ô º·¬¬·²¹ô¼»³ ±²-¬®¿¬·±² ±® °®»³ ·-»-ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» ½±²¬»²¬- ± º -«½¸ º ±°¸¬¸¿´³ ·½ ´»²-»- ¿²¼ °®»³ ·-»-ô®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±« º±®¿ °»®·±¼ ±ºé ±®å º»© »®½±²-»½«¬·ª» ¼¿§- ò ß -»°¿®¿¬»
Ô ·³ ·¬º ײ-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»- ¬± Ü¿³ ¿¹» ̱ øç÷ ß²§ æ Ю»³ ·-»- 벬»¼ ̱
DZ« ¿- ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·²ø¿÷ Þ ±¼§ °·»®½·²¹ ø²±¬ ·²½´«¼·²¹ »¿®ÜòÍ»½¬·±² óÔ ·³ ·¬- Ñ º×²-«®¿²½»
ò°·»®½·²¹÷ å
øî÷п®¿¹®¿°¸ ±º ¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬ø¾÷ Ì¿¬¬±±·²¹ô·²½´«¼·²¹ ¾«¬²±¬´·³ ·¬»¼¿°°´§ · º¬¸» °®»³ ·-»- ¿®» þ§±«® © ±® µþ ¿²¼¬± ¬¸» ·²-»®¬·±² ± º°·¹³ »²¬- ·²¬± ±®© »®» ²» ª»® ±½½«°·»¼ô ®»²¬»¼ ±® ¸»´¼ º±®«²¼»®¬¸» -µ·² 忲¼®»²¬¿´¾§ §±«ò ø½÷ Í·³ ·´¿®-»® ª·½»-
å øí÷
øì÷ п®¿¹®¿°¸- ¿²¼ ±º¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±
øïð÷ Í»® ª·½»- ·² ¬¸» °®¿½¬·½» ±º°¸¿®³ ¿½§
å ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± ¬¸» «-» ±º»´»
ª¿¬±®- ò
øí÷ øì÷ øë÷ øê÷ п®¿¹®¿°¸- ô ô ¿²¼ ±
º ¬¸·-øïï÷ Ý ±³ °«¬»® ½±²-«´¬·²¹ô ¼»-·¹² ±®»¨½´«-·±² ¼± ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿--«³ »¼ ª·½»- ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ © »¾«²¼»®¿ -·¼»¬®¿½ µ ¿¹®»»³ »²¬ òò øí÷ øì÷
п®¿¹®¿°¸- ¿²¼ ±º¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±øì÷ øë÷ п®¿¹®¿°¸- ¿²¼ ±º¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬± þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ¬± Ó »¼·½¿´¾±®®±© »¼ »¯«·°³ »²¬© ¸·´» ²±¬¾»·²¹ «-»¼ Ó ¿´°®¿½¬·½» ½± ª»®¿¹» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ «²¼»®¬± °»®º±®³ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¿¬¿ ¶±¾ -·¬» ò ïò» ò
ßòп®¿¹®¿°¸ ·² Í»½¬·±² óÝ ±ª»®¿¹»- ò øê÷ п®¿¹®¿°¸ ±
º ¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬ µò
Ü¿³ ¿¹» ̱ Ю±°»®¬§¿°°´§ ¬± þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸»
þ°®±¼«½¬- ó½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼ þòþЮ±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ¬± æ ò
Ü¿³ ¿¹» ̱ DZ«®
Ю±¼«½¬øï÷ Ю±°»®¬§ §±« ±© ²
ô ®»²¬ ±® ±½½«°§ô
þЮ±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ¬± þ§±«® °®±¼«½¬þ ô±® ¿²§ ±¬¸»® °»®-±²ô ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º·¬±®¿²§ °¿®¬±º·¬ ò ô º±® ®»°¿·®ô ³ òÜ¿³ ¿¹» ̱ DZ«®
É ±® µ®»°´¿½»³ »²¬ ô »²¸¿²½»³ »²¬ôþЮ±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ¬± þ§±«® © ±® µþ ¿®·-·²¹®»-¬±®¿¬·±² ±® ³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ±º -«½¸±«¬± º·¬±®¿²§ °¿®¬±º·¬¿²¼ ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸»°®±°»®¬§ º±® ¿²§ ®»¿-±²ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ þ°®±¼«½¬- ó½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼
þò°®» ª»²¬·±² ±º ·²¶«®§ ¬± ¿ °»®-±² ±®ù- °®±°»®¬§ å
̸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ·º ¬¸» µ ±® ¬¸» © ±®
µ ±«¬ ±º © ¸·½¸
øî÷
Ю»³ ·-»- §±« -»´´ô ¹· ª» ¿© ¿§ ±®¬¸» ¼¿³ ¿¹» ¿®·-»- © ¿- °»® º±®³ »¼ ±² §±«®¿¾¿²¼±² ô·
º¬¸» þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ¿®·-»-¾»¸¿´º¾§ ¿ -«¾½±²¬®¿½¬±®
ò±«¬±
º¿²§ °¿®¬±º¬¸±-» °®»³ ·-»-å ò Ü¿³ ¿¹» ̱ ׳ °¿·®»¼ Ю±°»®¬§ Ñ® ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓò λ½¿´´ Ѻ Ю±¼«½¬-ô É ±®µ Ñ® ׳ °¿·®»¼ ø½÷ Ì·¬´» ± º¿²§ ´·¬»®¿®§ ±®¿®¬·-¬·½ © ±® µå Ю±°»®¬§øè÷
ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬± º¿² ± ºº»²-» ½±³ ³ ·¬¬»¼ ¾§
Ü¿³ ¿¹»- ½´¿·³ »¼ º±® ¿²§ ´±--ô ½±-¬ ±® ¿² ·²-«®»¼ © ¸±-» ¾«-·²»-- ·-æ ø¿÷»¨°»²-» ·²½«®®»¼ ¾§ §±« ±® ±¬¸»®- º±® ¬¸» ß¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ ô ¾®±¿¼½¿-¬·²¹ ô
º«-» ô© ·¬¸¼®¿© ¿´ ô®»½¿´´ ô·²-°»½¬·±² ô °«¾´·-¸·²¹ ±®¬»´»½¿-¬·²¹å ô ®»°´¿½»³ »²¬ ô ¿¼¶«-¬³ »²¬
ô ®»³ ±ª¿´ ø¾÷ Ü»-·¹²·²¹ ±® ¼»¬»®³ ·²·²¹ ½±²¬»²¬±®¼·-°±-¿´±ºæ ±º© »¾ -·¬»- º±®±¬¸»®- å±® øï÷ þDZ«®°®±¼«½¬þå ø½÷ ß² ײ¬»®²»¬ -»¿®½¸
ô ¿½½»--ô øî÷ þDZ«®© ±®µþå±®½±²¬»²¬±®-»®
ª·½» °®± ª·¼»®ò øí÷ þ׳ °¿·®»¼ °®±°»®¬§þå
ر© »
ª»®ô ¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬º -«½¸ °®±¼«½¬
ô © ±® µ ±® °®±°»®¬§ ·-¿ò ¾ ò ½ ò¿°°´§ ¬±
п®¿¹®¿°¸- ô ¿²¼ º®±³ ¬¸» ³ ¿®
µ»¬ ±®«²¼»® ¬¸» ¼» º·²·¬·±² ± º
þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼º®±³ «-» ¾§ ¿²§ °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²Ùò¿¼ª»®¬·­·²¹·²¶«®§þ ·² Í»½¬·±² º¿ µ²±© ² ±® -«-°»½¬»¼ ¼»º»½¬ ô
Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ ß²¼ Ó »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- º·½·»²½§ ô ·²¿¼»¯«¿½§ ±® ¼¿²¹»®±«-Ü» º·²·¬·±²- ò òÚ±® ¬¸» °«®°±-»- ±
º ¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±²ô ò
л®-±²¿´
ß²¼ ß¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ײ¶«®§°´¿½·²¹ ¿²
þ¿¼ ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬þ º±® ±® µ·²¹ ¬± ±¬¸»®- ±² §±«® © »¾ -·¬»ô¾§þл®-±²¿´¿²¼ ¿¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þæ ºô ·- ²±¬ ½±²-·¼»®»¼ ¬¸» ¾«-·²»-- øï÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬± º±®¿´ô© ®·¬¬»² ±®»´»½¬®±²·½±º ¿¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ ô ¾®±¿¼½¿-¬·²¹ô°«¾´·½¿¬·±² ± º³ ¿¬»®·¿´ ô· º¼±²» ¾§ ±®¿¬°«¾´·-¸·²¹ ±®¬»´»½¿-¬·²¹å¬¸» ¼·®»½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ © ·¬¸ øç÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬±
º¿² »´»½¬®±²·½ ½¸¿¬®±±³µ²±© ´»¼¹» ±º·¬-
º¿´-·¬§å ôøî÷ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬± º±®¿´ô© ®·¬¬»² ±®»´»½¬®±²·½±© ²- ô ±® ± ª»® © ¸·½¸ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼°«¾´·½¿¬·±² ±
º ³ ¿¬»®·¿´ © ¸±-» º·®-¬»¨»®½·-»- ½±²¬®±´å°«¾´·½¿¬·±² ¬±± µ °´¿½» ¾»º±®» ¬¸» øïð÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±
º ¬¸» «²¿«¬¸±®·¦»¼ «-» ±º¾»¹·²²·²¹ ± º¬¸» °±´·½§ °»®·±¼å ¿²±¬¸»®ù- ²¿³ » ±®°®±¼«½¬·² §±«®» ó³ ¿·´ øí÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬±
º¿ ½®·³ ·²¿´¿½¬½±³ ³ ·¬¬»¼¿¼¼®»--ô¼±³ ¿·² ²¿³ » ±® ³ »¬¿¬¿¹-ô±®¾§ ±®¿¬¬¸» ¼·®»½¬·±² ±º¬¸» ·²-«®»¼å ¿²§ ±¬¸»® -·³ ·´¿® ¬¿½¬·½- ¬± ³ ·-´»¿¼ øì÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬±
º¿²§ ¾®»¿½¸ ± º½±²¬®¿½¬ ô ¿²±¬¸»® ù- °±¬»²¬·¿´½«-¬±³ »®-å øïï÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸» ª·±´¿¬·±² ± º ¿¿²±¬¸»®
þ¿¼ª»®¬·­·²¹·¼»¿þ ·²§±«® °»®-±²ù- ®·¹¸¬ ±º °®·ª¿½§ ½®»¿¬»¼ ¾§þ¿¼ ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬ þå ¿²§ -¬¿¬» ±®º»¼»®¿´¿½¬ òøë÷ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸»
º¿·´«®» ± º ¹±±¼-
ô ر© »
ª»® ô ¬¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬°®±¼«½¬- ±® -»®ª·½»- ¬± ½±² º±®³ © ·¬¸¿°°´§ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ º±® ¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¬¸¿¬¬¸»¿²§ -¬¿¬»³ »²¬ ±º ¯«¿´·¬§ ±®·²-«®»¼ © ±«´¼ ¸¿ª» ·² ¬¸» ¿¾-»²½» ±º°»® ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓ øïí÷ ø¿÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ± º ¿
ª·±´¿¬·±² ±
º ¿²§ ¿²¬·ó
Ó ¿§ ¾» ¿© ¿®¼»¼ ±® ·²½«®®»¼ ¾§
å ®»¿-±² ±
º ¿²§ ½´¿·³ ±® -«·¬øïì÷ ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬± º¬¸»
º´«½¬«¿¬·±² ·² °®·½» ±®±®¼¿³ ¿¹» ±º¿²§ ²¿¬«®» ±®µ·²¼ ¬± ª¿´«» ± º ¿²§ -¬±½µ- ô ¾±²¼- ±® ±¬¸»®°»®-±²- ±® °®±°»®¬§ © ¸·½¸ © ±«´¼-»½«®·¬·»- å±®²±¬ ¸¿ ª» ±½½«®®»¼ ·² © ¸±´» ±® ·²
øïë÷
ß®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¼·-½®·³ ·²¿¬·±² ±®°¿®¬¾«¬º±®¬¸»
þ¿-¾»-¬±- ¸¿¦¿®¼þ師³ ·´·¿¬·±² ½±³ ³ ·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ±® ¿¬ ¬¸»ø¾÷ ß®·-» ±«¬± º¿²§ ®»¯«»-¬ô¼»³ ¿²¼ ô¼·®»½¬·±² ± º ¿²§ þ»¨»½«¬·
ª» ± ºº·½»® þô ±®¼»® ±® -¬¿¬«¬±®§ ±® ®»¹«´¿¬±®§¼·®»½¬±® ô -¬±½ µ¸±´¼»® ô °¿®¬²»® ±®®»¯«·®»³ »²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ ±®³ »³ ¾»®± º¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ò ±¬¸»®- ¬»-¬ º±®ô³ ±²·¬±®ô ½´»¿² «°
ô¯ ò Û´»½¬®±²·½ Ü¿¬¿®»³ ± ª»
ô »²½¿°-«´¿¬» ô ½±²¬¿·²ô Ü¿³ ¿¹»- ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º¬¸» ´±-- ± ºô´±-- ± º¬®»¿¬ ô ¼»¬±¨·º§ ±® ²»«¬®¿´·¦» ±® ·²ºô¼¿³ ¿¹» ¬± ô ½±®®«°¬·±² ±ºô ·²¿¾·´·¬§¿²§ © ¿§ ®»-°±²¼ ¬± ±®¿--»-- ¬¸»ô ±® ·²¿¾·´·¬§ ¬± ³ ¿²·°«´¿¬»» ºº»½¬- ±º¿² þ¿-¾»-¬±- ¸¿¦¿®¼ þå±® þ»´»½¬®±²·½ ¼¿¬¿þò
ø½÷ ß®·-» ±«¬ ±º ¿²§ ½´¿·³ ±® -«·¬ º±® ò Û³ °´±§³ »²¬óλ´¿¬»¼ Ю¿½¬·½»-¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ±º ¬»-¬·²¹ º±® ô ô ½´»¿²·²¹ «° ô ®»³ ±ª·²¹ôþÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ±® þ°»®-±²¿´¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ô ½±²¬¿·²·²¹ô ¬®»¿¬·²¹ ô·²¶«®§ þ¬± æ º§·²¹ ±® ²»«¬®¿´·¦·²¹ ±®·² ¿²§øï÷ ß °»®-±² ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º¿²§æ © ¿§ ®»-°±²¼·²¹ ¬± ±®¿--»--·²¹ ¬¸»ø¿÷ λ º«-¿´¬± »³ °´±§ ¬¸¿¬°»®-±²å » ºº»½¬- ±
º¿² þ¿-¾»-¬±- ¸¿¦¿®¼þò ø¾÷ Ì»®³ ·²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸¿¬ °»®-±² ù-¬ ò Ê ·±´¿¬·±² Ѻ ͬ¿¬«¬»-
̸¿¬ Ù±
ª»®² Ûó
å±® Ó ¿·´- ô Ú¿¨ ô и±²» Ý ¿´´- Ñ® Ѭ¸»® Ó »¬¸±¼-
Ѻ Í»²¼·²¹ Ó ¿¬»®·¿´
Ñ® ø½÷ Û³ °´±§³ »²¬
ó®»´¿¬»¼ °®¿½¬·½»- ô º±®³ ¿¬·±²°±´·½·»-ô¿½¬- ±®±³ ·--·±²-ô-«½¸ ¿-ô ¼»³ ±¬·±² ô » ª¿´«¿¬·±² ô þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þôþ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þô ±®ô ¼·-½·°´·²» ô þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ þ ¿®·-·²¹º¿³ ¿¬·±² ô¸¿®¿--³ »²¬ô¸«³ ·´·¿¬·±²¼·®»½¬´§ ±® ·²¼·®»½¬´§ ±«¬ ±º ¿²§ ¿½¬·±² ±® ª·±´¿¬»- ±® ·- ¿´´»¹»¼ ¬±å±® ª·±´¿¬»æ øî÷ ̸» -°±«-» ô ½¸·´¼ô °¿®»²¬ ô ¾®±¬¸»® ±® øï÷ ̸» Ì»´»°¸±²» Ý ±²-«³ »® Ю±¬»½¬·±²
º ¬¸¿¬ °»®-±² ¿- ¿ ß½¬
øÌÝ Ðß÷ ô·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿²§ ¿³ »²¼³ »²¬º þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±®± º±®¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± -«½¸ ´¿© å þ°»®-±²¿´¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ¬± ¬¸» øî÷ ̸» Ý ßÒóÍÐßÓ
ß½¬± ºîððíô·²½´«¼·²¹°»®-±² ¿¬ © ¸±³ ¿²§ ±º ¬¸»¿²§ ¿³ »²¼³ »²¬±º±®¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± -«½¸»³ °´±§³ »²¬ó®»´¿¬»¼ °®¿½¬·½»-´¿© å±®ø¿÷ ø¾÷
ø½÷¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² п®¿¹®¿°¸- ô ô±® øí÷
ß²§ -¬¿¬«¬» ô ±®¼·²¿²½» ±® ®»¹«´¿¬·±²
ô¿¾±ª» ·- ¼·®»½¬»¼ò ÌÝÐß ±® Ý
ßÒóÍÐßÓß½¬ ̸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¿°°´·»-æ ± º
îððíô ¬¸¿¬ °®±¸·¾·¬- ±® ´·³ ·¬- ¬¸»øï÷ É ¸»¬¸»® ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ³ ¿§ ¾» ´·¿¾´» ¿--»²¼·²¹ô¬®¿²-³ ·¬¬·²¹ô½±³ ³ «²·½¿¬·²¹ ±®å ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±² ±º³ ¿¬»®·¿´±®·² º±®³ ¿¬·±² ò Ü¿³¿¹»Ì± Ð ®»³·­»­ 벬»¼Ì± Ç ±«øî÷ ̱ ¿²§ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ¬± -¸¿®» ¼¿³ ¿¹»- Û¨½»°¬·±² Ú±® Ü¿³ ¿¹» ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓîò ß°°´·½¿¾´» ̱ Ó »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- Ý ±ª»®¿¹» »ò ß ¬®«-¬ô§±« ¿®» ¿² ·²-«®»¼ òDZ«®¬®«-¬»»- ô¾«¬±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬±É » © ·´´²±¬°¿§ »¨°»²-»- º±®
þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þæ ¬¸»·®¼«¬·»- ¿- ¬®«-¬»»-ò¿
ò ß²§ ײ-«®»¼îò Û¿½¸ ± º¬¸» º±´´±© ·²¹ ·- ¿´-± ¿² ·²-«®»¼ æ̱ ¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ô»¨½»°¬ þª±´«²¬»»®© ±®µ»®- þòò Û³ °´±§»»- ß²¼ Ê ±´«²¬»»®É ±® µ»®-¾ò
Ø·®»¼
л®-±² DZ«® þª±´«²¬»»® © ±®
µ»®-þ ±²´§ © ¸·´»Ì± ¿ °»®-±² ¸·®»¼ ¬± ¼± © ±®µ º±®±®±² ¾»¸¿´º°»® º±®³ ·²¹ ¼«¬·»- ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬±º± º¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ ±®¿ ¬»²¿²¬±
º¿²§ ·²-«®»¼
ò §±«®¾«-·²»-- ô±®§±«® þ»³ °´±§»»-
þô±¬¸»®½ò ײ¶«®§ Ѳ Ò±®³ ¿´´§ ѽ½«°·»¼ Ю»³ ·-»-¬¸¿² »·¬¸»®§±«®þ»¨»½«¬· ª» ±
ºº·½»®- þø·
º§±« ̱ ¿ °»®-±² ·²¶«®»¼ ±² ¬¸¿¬ °¿®¬ ±º¿®» ¿² ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ¿ ô¶±·²¬ ª»²¬«®» ±®´·³ ·¬»¼ ´·¿¾·´·¬§ò ½±³ °¿²§÷ ±® §±«® ³ ¿²¿¹»®- ø·º§±« ¿®» ¿ ô¾«¬±²´§ º±®¿½¬-¼ ò É ±®µ»®-
ù Ý ±³ °»²-¿¬·±² ß²¼ Í·³ ·´¿® º ¬¸»·® »³ °´±§³ »²¬ ¾§
Ô ¿© -º±®³ ·²¹ ¼«¬·»- ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬±Ì± ¿ °»®-±²ô © ¸»¬¸»® ±® ²±¬ ¿²¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬± º§±«®¾«-·²»--òþ»³ °´±§»»þ ± º ¿²§ ·²-«®»¼ô · º ¾»²»
º·¬-
º±®Ø±© »
ª»®ô ²±²» ±
º ¬¸»-» þ»³ °´±§»»- þ ±®¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ¿®» °¿§¿¾´» ±® ³ «-¬¾»þª±´«²¬»»®© ±®µ»®- þ¿®» ·²-«®»¼- º±® æ°®± ª·¼»¼ «²¼»® ¿ © ±®
µ»®-
ù ½±³ °»²-¿¬·±²º·¬- ´¿© ±®¿ -·³ ·´¿®´¿© ò øï÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ þæ» ò ߬¸´»¬·½- ß½¬· ª·¬·»-ø¿÷ ̱ §±«ô ¬± §±«® °¿®¬²»®- ±®Ì± ¿ °»®-±² ·²¶«®»¼ © ¸·´» °®¿½¬·½·²¹ô ø· º§±« ¿®» ¿ °¿®¬²»®-¸·°·²-¬®«½¬·²¹ ±® °¿®¬·½·°¿¬·²¹ ·² ¿²§ °¸§-·½¿´ª»²¬«®»÷ ô¬± §±«®³ »³ ¾»®-»¨»®½·-»- ±® ¹¿³ »-ô -°±®¬- ±® ¿¬¸´»¬·½ ø·º §±« ¿®» ¿ ´·³ ·¬»¼ ´·¿¾·´·¬§½±²¬»-¬-ò ô ±® ¬± ¿ ½±óþ»³ °´±§»»þºò Ю±¼«½¬-óÝ ±³ °´»¬»¼ Ñ°»®¿¬·±²- Ø¿¦¿®¼© ¸·´» ·² ¬¸» ½±«®-» ± º ¸·- ±® ¸»® þ°®±¼«½¬- ó½±³ °´»¬»¼»³ °´±§³ »²¬ ±® °»®º±®³ ·²¹ ¼«¬·»- þò ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬ ±
º §±«®ô ±® ¬± §±«® ±¬¸»®¹ òÞ «-·²»--
Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ Û¨½´«-·±²-þª±´«²¬»»® © ±®µ»®-þ © ¸·´» Û¨½´«¼»¼ «²¼»® Þ «-·²»--Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ Ý ± ª»®¿¹»
ò °»®
º±®³ ·²¹ ¼«¬·»- ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸»
Ý òÉØÑ ×ÍßÒ × ÒÍËÎÛÜ ½±²¼«½¬± º§±«®¾«-·²»--å ïò ׺§±« ¿®» ¼»-·¹²¿¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿- æ ø¾÷ ̱ ¬¸» -°±«-»ô ½¸·´¼
ô °¿®»²¬ô º ¬¸¿¬ ½±
ó¿
ò ß² ·²¼·
ª·¼«¿´ô §±« ¿²¼ §±«® -°±«-» ¿®» þ»³ °´±§»»
þ ±® ¬¸¿¬ þª±´«²¬»»®·²-«®»¼-ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ¬¸»µ»® þ ¿- ¿ ½±²-»¯«»²½» ±º½±²¼«½¬±º¿ ¾«-·²»-- ±º© ¸·½¸ §±« ¿®» ¬¸» øï÷ ø¿÷
п®¿¹®¿°¸ ¿¾±ª»
å-±´» ±© ²»® ò ø½÷ Ú±® © ¸·½¸ ¬¸»®» ·- ¿²§ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±²¾ò ß °¿®¬²»®-¸·° ±® ¶±·²¬ ª»²¬«®» ô §±« ¿®» ¿²ò DZ«®³ »³ ¾»®-ô§±«®°¿®¬²»®- ô¿²¼
ô¾«¬±²´§ © ·¬¸º ¬¸» ·²¶«®§®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬±º§±«®¾«-·²»-- ò øï÷ ø¿÷¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² п®¿¹®¿°¸- ±®½ò ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓø¾÷ ¾ò벬»¼ ¬±ô·² ¬¸» ½¿®» ô½«-¬±¼§ ±® Ý ±
ª»®¿¹» «²¼»® ¬¸·- °®± ª·-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬
ºô ±® ±ª»® © ¸·½¸ °¸§-·½¿´ ¿°°´§ ¬±æ º±® ¿²§ øï÷
þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±®
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ°«®°±-» ¾§ §±«ô ¿²§ ± º §±«®¬¸¿¬±½½«®®»¼ å±® þ»³ °´±§»»- þôþª±´«²¬»»® © ±®
µ»®-
þô
øî÷ þл®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ¿²§ °¿®¬²»®±® ³ »³ ¾»®ø· º§±« ¿®»¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º¿² ±ºº»²-» ½±³ ³ ·¬¬»¼¿ °¿®¬²»®-¸·° ±® ¶±·²¬ ª»²¬«®»÷ô±® º±®» §±« ¿½¯«·®»¼ ±® º±®³ »¼ ¬¸»¿²§ ³ »³ ¾»® ø· º §±« ¿®» ¿ ´·³ ·¬»¼ò´·¿¾·´·¬§ ½±³ °¿²§÷ò ìò Ñ°»®¿¬±® ÑºÓ ±¾·´» Û¯«·°³ »²¬¾
òλ¿´
Û-¬¿¬» Ó ¿²¿¹»® É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± þ³ ±¾·´» »¯«·°³ »²¬þ®»¹·-¬»®»¼ ·² ß²§ °»®-±² ø±¬¸»®¬¸¿² §±«®þ»³ °´±§»»
þ±® ª»¸·½´» ®»¹·-¬®¿¬·±²
þª±´«²¬»»® © ±®
µ»® þ÷
ô ±® ¿²§ ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ô¿²§ °»®-±² ·- ¿² ·²-«®»¼ © ¸·´» ¼®· ª·²¹ -«½¸© ¸·´» ¿½¬·²¹ ¿- §±«®®»¿´»-¬¿¬» ³ ¿²¿¹»® ò ò Ì»³ °±®¿®§
Ý «-¬±¼·¿²-
Ѻ DZ«®°»®³ ·--·±²ò ß²§ ±¬¸»® °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²Ð®±°»®¬§®»-°±²-·¾´» º±® ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬ ± º -«½¸ °»®-±² ·-ß²§ °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ¸¿ª·²¹ °®±°»®¿´-± ¿² ·²-«®»¼ô¾«¬±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§¬»³ °±®¿®§ ½«-¬±¼§ ±º§±«® °®±°»®¬§ ·º§±«¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±² ± º¬¸» »¯«·°³ »²¬ô¿²¼¼·» ô¾«¬±²´§æ ±²´§ · º²± ±¬¸»®·²-«®¿²½» ± º¿²§ µ·²¼ ·- ¿ª¿·´¿¾´»
øï÷ É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±
º¬¸»¬± ¬¸¿¬ °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² º±® ¬¸·- ´·¿¾·´·¬§ò º¬¸¿¬°®±°»®¬§å¿²¼Ø±© » ª»® ô²± °»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ·- ¿² ·²-«®»¼æøî÷ ˲¬·´ §±«® ´»¹¿´ ®»°®»-»²¬¿¬· ª» ¸¿-
ò ¿
ò
þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ¬± ¿ ½±óþ»³ °´±§»» þ ± º ¬¸»
ª·²¹ ¬¸» »¯«·°³ »²¬ å±®¼
ò
Ô »¹¿´
λ°®»-»²¬¿¬·
ª» × ºÇ±«
Ü·»
ò þЮ±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ¬± °®±°»®¬§ ±© ²»¼ ¾§ôDZ«® ´»¹¿´ ®»°®»-»²¬¿¬·ª» · º §±« ¼·» ô ¾«¬®»²¬»¼ ¬±ô·² ¬¸» ½¸¿®¹» ±º±® ±½½«°·»¼ ¾§±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¼«¬·»- ¿- -«½¸ò ̸¿¬§±« ±®¬¸» »³ °´±§»®±º¿²§ °»®-±² © ¸± ·-®»°®»-»²¬¿¬·ª» © ·´´¸¿ ª» ¿´´§±«®®·¹¸¬- ¿²¼¿² ·²-«®»¼ «²¼»®¬¸·- °®±ª·-·±² ò¼«¬·»- «²¼»®¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»ò ëò Ñ°»®¿¬±®±ºÒ±²±© ²»¼
É ¿¬»®½®¿
º¬»ò
˲²¿³ »¼ Í«¾-·¼·¿®§ É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± © ¿¬»®½®¿º¬§±« ¼± ²±¬±© ² ¬¸¿¬ß²§ -«¾-·¼·¿®§ ¿²¼ -«¾-·¼·¿®§ ¬¸»®»±ºô ± º·- ´»-- ¬¸¿² ëï º»»¬´±²¹ ¿²¼ ·- ²±¬¾»·²¹ «-»¼§±«®- © ¸·½¸ ·- ¿ ´»¹¿´´§ ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ »²¬·¬§¬± ½¿®®§ °»®-±²- º±®¿ ½¸¿®¹»ô¿²§ °»®-±² ·- ¿²±º © ¸·½¸ §±« ±© ² ¿ º·²¿²½·¿´ ·²¬»®»-¬ ±º·²-«®»¼ © ¸·´» ±°»®¿¬·²¹ -«½¸ © ¿¬»®½®¿º¬ © ·¬¸³ ±®» ¬¸¿² ëðû ±º¬¸» ª±¬·²¹ -¬±½ µ ±² ¬¸»§±«® °»®³ ·--·±²
ò ß²§ ±¬¸»® °»®-±² ±®» ºº»½¬· ª» ¼¿¬» ±º¬¸·- Ý ±ª»®¿¹»
ﮬ ò ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ®»-°±²-·¾´» º±® ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬ ±
ºÌ¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿
ºº±®¼»¼ ¸»®»·² º±® ¿²§-«½¸ °»®-±² ·- ¿´-± ¿² ·²-«®»¼
ô¾«¬±²´§ © ·¬¸-«¾-·¼·¿®§ ²±¬ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-®»-°»½¬¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±²¿- ¿ ²¿³ »¼ ·²-«®»¼ ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬±±º ¬¸» © ¿¬»®½®¿º¬ ô ¿²¼ ±²´§ ·º ²± ±¬¸»®·²¶«®§ ±®¼¿³ ¿¹» © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± © ¸·½¸ ¿²·²-«®¿²½» ±º ¿²§ ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓø»÷½±²¬®¿½¬ô © ®·¬¬»² ¿¹®»»³ »²¬ ±® ¾»½¿«-» ± º ¿
ß²§ º¿·´«®» ¬± ³ ¿
µ» -«½¸
ô ¿¼¶«-¬³ »²¬-
ô ¬»-¬- ±®
ª·-·±² ô ¬¸¿¬ -«½¸ °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² -»®
ª·½·²¹ ¿- ¬¸»
ª»²¼±® ¸¿-µ» ±® ²±®³ ¿´´§ô °®± ª·¼»¼ ¬¸» ·²¶«®§ ±® ¼¿³ ¿¹» ±½½«®- «²¼»®¬¿µ»- ¬± ³ ¿ µ» ·² ¬¸» «-«¿´º¬¸» ½±²¬®¿½¬±® ½±«®-» ±
º ¾«-·²»--
ô·² ½±²²»½¬·±²
ô±®¬¸» ·--«¿²½» ±º¬¸» °»®³ ·¬
ò © ·¬¸ ¬¸» ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±² ±® -¿´» ±
º¬¸»åß °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ·- ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´øº÷ Ü»³ ±²-¬®¿¬·±² ô ·²-¬¿´´¿¬·±²ô·²-«®»¼ «²¼»® ¬¸·- °®±ª·-·±² ±²´§ º±® ¬¸¿¬-»® ª·½·²¹ ±® ®»°¿·® ±°»®¿¬·±²-
ô°»®·±¼ ±
º ¬·³ » ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ½±²¬®¿½¬ô »¨½»°¬-«½¸ ±°»®¿¬·±²- °»®º±®³ »¼¿¹®»»³ »²¬±®°»®³ ·¬ò ¿¬ ¬¸» ª»²¼±® ù- °®»³ ·-»- ·²Ø±© » ª»®ô²± -«½¸ °»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ·- ¿²½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ ¬¸» -¿´» ±º ¬¸»¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ «²¼»® ¬¸·- °®±ª·-·±² · º-«½¸°®±¼«½¬å°»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ·- ·²½´«¼»¼ ¿- ¿²ø¹÷ Ю±¼«½¬- © ¸·½¸
ô ¿ º¬»® ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±²¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ ¾§ ¿² »²¼±®-»³ »²¬ ·--«»¼±®-¿´» ¾§ §±«ô¸¿ ª» ¾»»² ´¿¾»´»¼¾§ «- ¿²¼ ³ ¿¼» ¿ °¿®¬±º¬¸·- Ý ±
ª»®¿¹» ﮬô ±® ®»´¿¾»´»¼ ±® «-»¼ ¿- ¿·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿´´ °»®-±²- ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²- ¿¼¼»¼½±²¬¿·²»®ô°¿®¬±®·²¹®»¼·»²¬± º¿²§¿- ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼- «²¼»® ¬¸» -°»½·º·½±¬¸»® ¬¸·²¹ ±® -«¾-¬¿²½» ¾§ ±® º±®¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ ½±ª»®¿¹» ¹®¿²¬- ·² Í»½¬·±²¬¸» ª»²¼±® å±®
Úò Ñ °¬·±²¿´
ß ¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²­«®»¼Ý ±ª»®¿¹»­ò ø¸÷
þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§¿ò Ê »²¼±®-¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ± º ¬¸» -±´» ß²§ °»®-±²ø-÷±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ø-÷ ø®» º»®®»¼ ¬±²»¹´·¹»²½» ±º ¬¸» ª»²¼±® º±® ·¬-¾»´±© ¿- ª»²¼±®÷
ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬±±© ² ¿½¬- ±®±³ ·--·±²- ±®¬¸±-» ± ºþ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ¿®·-·²¹·¬- »³ °´±§»»- ±® ¿²§±²» »´-»±«¬±ºþ§±«® °®±¼«½¬-þ © ¸·½¸ ¿®» ¼·-¬®·¾«¬»¼¿½¬·²¹ ±² ·¬- ¾»¸¿´ºò ر© » ª»® ô¬¸·-±®-±´¼ ·² ¬¸» ®»¹«´¿®½±«®-» ± º¬¸» ª»²¼±®
ù-»¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±æ¾«-·²»-- ¿²¼ ±²´§ · º ¬¸·- Ý ± ª»®¿¹»
ﮬ
ø·÷ ̸» »¨½»°¬·±²- ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ·²°®±ª·¼»- ½±ª»®¿¹» º±®
þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±®ø¼÷ øº÷Í«¾°¿®¿¹®¿°¸- ±®
å±®þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ·²½´«¼»¼ © ·¬¸·² ¬¸»
ø··÷þ°®±¼«½¬-ó½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼ þò Í«½¸ ·²-°»½¬·±²- ô ¿¼¶«-¬³ »²¬- ô ª·½·²¹ ¿- ¬¸» ª»²¼±® øï÷ ̸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿
ºº±®¼»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ª»²¼±®¸¿- ¿¹®»»¼ ¬± ³ ¿µ» ±®²±®³ ¿´´§·- -«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ¬¸» º±´´±© ·²¹ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´«²¼»®¬¿ µ»- ¬± ³ ¿ µ» ·² ¬¸» «-«¿´»¨½´«-·±²-æ ½±«®-» ±º ¾«-·²»-- ô ·²
̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±
æ ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ ¬¸» ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±²
ø¿÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§±®-¿´» ±º¬¸» °®±¼«½¬-òþ º±® © ¸·½¸ ¬¸» ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓ øî÷ »ò л®³ ·¬- ×--«»¼ Þ § ͬ¿¬» Ñ® б´·¬·½¿´É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ ºº±®¼»¼Í«¾¼·
ª·-·±²-¬± ¬¸»-» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼-ô ¬¸·- øï÷
ß²§ -¬¿¬» ±® °±´·¬·½¿´-«¾¼·ª·-·±²
ô ¾«¬
þ±½½«®®»²½»þ © ¸·½¸ ¬¿µ»- °´¿½» ¿º¬»®±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ±°»®¿¬·±²-§±« ½»¿-» ¬± ´»¿-» ¬¸¿¬»¯«·°³ »²¬ò °»®º±®³ »¼ ¾§ §±« ±®±² §±«®¾»¸¿´ ºº±®
òÔ »--±®- ÑºÔ ¿²¼
Ñ®
Ю»³ ·-»-© ¸·½¸ ¬¸» -¬¿¬» ±®°±´·¬·½¿´-«¾¼· ª·-·±²
òøï÷ß²§ °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² º®±³ øî÷© ¸±³ §±« ´»¿-» ´¿²¼ ±®°®»³ ·-»-ô¾«¬ É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ ºº±®¼»¼
ô ¬¸·-º¬¸» ±© ²»®-¸·° ô³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ±®«-» ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± æ
º ¬¸¿¬ °¿®¬ ± º ¬¸» ´¿²¼ ±® °®»³ ·-»-
ø¿÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þôþ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ´»¿-»¼ ¬± §±«ò ±® þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ øî÷ É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ ·²¶«®§ þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ±°»®¿¬·±²-
ô ¬¸·- °»®
º±®³ »¼ º±® ¬¸» -¬¿¬» ±®æ ³ «²·½·°¿´·¬§å±® ø¿÷
ø¾÷ ß²§ þ±½½«®®»²½» þ © ¸·½¸ ¬¿ µ»- þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ±®þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ º¬»®§±« ½»¿-» ¬± ´»¿-» ¬¸¿¬ ·²½´«¼»¼ © ·¬¸·² ¬¸»
þ°®±¼«½¬- ó
þò å±® ºò ß²§
Ѭ¸»®Ð¿®¬§ ø¾÷ ͬ®«½¬«®¿´ ¿´¬»®¿¬·±²-ô ²»© øï÷ ß²§ ±¬¸»® °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² © ¸±½±²-¬®«½¬·±² ±® ¼»³ ±´·¬·±²¿ ò·- ²±¬¿² ·²-«®»¼ «²¼»®Ð¿®¿¹®¿°¸-±°»®¿¬·±²- °»®º±®³ »¼ ¾§ ±® ±²»¬¸®±«¹¸ ò ¿¾± ª» ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ © ·¬¸¾»¸¿´ º ±
º -«½¸ °»®-±² ±®®»-°»½¬ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ º±® þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þô±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ò þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ò ß®½¸·¬»½¬-
ôÛ²¹·²»»®- Ñ®
Í«®ª»§±®-¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§
þ ½¿«-»¼ ô·² © ¸±´» ±®
ô ¾§ §±«® ¿½¬- ±® ±³ ·--·±²- ±®øï÷ ß²§ ¿®½¸·¬»½¬ ô»²¹·²»»® ô±®-«®ª»§±®ô¾«¬¬¸» ¿½¬- ±® ±³ ·--·±²- ±º ¬¸±-» ¿½¬·²¹±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ º±® þ¾±¼·´§±² §±«®¾»¸¿´ºæ·²¶«®§
þôþ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´
ø¿÷¿²¼ ¿¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ ½¿«-»¼ô·² © ¸±´» ײ ¬¸» °»® º±®³ ¿²½» ±º §±«®
ô¾§ §±«® ¿½¬- ±®±³ ·--·±²- ±® ±²¹±·²¹ ±°»®¿¬·±²-
å º¬¸±-» ¿½¬·²¹ ±²
ø¾÷ ײ ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ §±«® °®»³ ·-»-§±«®¾»¸¿´ºæ ±© ²»¼ ¾§ ±®®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±« å±® ø¿÷ ײ ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ §±«® °®»³ ·-»-å ø½÷ ײ ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ þ§±«®© ±®µþ¿²¼±®·²½´«¼»¼ © ·¬¸·² ¬¸» þ°®±¼«½¬- ó ø¾÷ ײ ¬¸» °»® º±®³ ¿²½» ± º §±«® ½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼þô¾«¬ º±®³ »¼ ¾§ ±²´§ · º ºò
ø·÷
̸» © ®·¬¬»² ½±²¬®¿½¬±®© ®·¬¬»²øî÷ É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ ¿¹®»»³ »²¬ ®»¯«·®»- §±« ¬± ô ¬¸» °®±ª·¼» -«½¸ ½±ª»®¿¹» ¬± º±´´±© ·²¹ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´»¨½´«-·±² ¿°°´·»-æ -«½¸ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ 忲¼ ø··÷ ̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬±
̸·- Ý ± ª»®¿¹» ﮬ °®± ª·¼»-þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þô
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±® ½± ª»®¿¹» º±® þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ þ
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ·²½´«¼»¼º ¬¸» ®»²¼»®·²¹ ±º ±® ¬¸» © ·¬¸·² ¬¸» þ°®±¼«½¬- ó º¿·´«®» ¬± ®»²¼»® ¿²§ °®±º»--·±²¿´ ½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼ þò
ª·½»- ¾§ ±®º±®§±«ô·²½´«¼·²¹æ øî÷ É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ø¿÷ ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓø¿÷ ̸» °®»°¿®·²¹ ô ¿°°®± ª·²¹ ô ±® ̸·- Ù»²»®¿´
ß¹¹®»¹¿¬» ´·³ ·¬ ¼±»- ²±¬ º¿·´«®» ¬± °®»°¿®» ±® ¿°°®±ª» ô ¿°°´§ ¬± þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ¬± °®»³ ·-»-
ô -¸±° ¼®¿© ·²¹-ô ±°·²·±²- ô © ¸·´» ®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±« ±® ¬»³ °±®¿®·´§ ô -«® ª»§- ô
º·»´¼ ±®¼»®- ô ±½½«°·»¼ ¾§ §±« © ·¬¸ °»®³ ·--·±² ±
º ¬¸»ô ¼»-·¹²- ±® ±© ²»® ô ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º º·®» ô ´·¹¸¬²·²¹ ±®º·½¿¬·±²- å±® »¨°´±-·±² ò ø¾÷ íò Û¿½¸ ѽ½«®®»²½» Ô ·³ ·¬
Í«°»® ª·-±®§
ô ·²-°»½¬·±² ô îò¿
òîò¾ Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ±® ¿¾± ª» ô © ¸·½¸»
ª»®¿½¬·ª·¬·»- ò ¿°°´·»- ô¬¸» ³ ±-¬© » © ·´´°¿§ º±®¬¸» -«³ ± º¿´´ ̸» ´·³ ·¬- ±º·²-«®¿²½» ¬¸¿¬¿°°´§ ¬± ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ±º ¿´´ þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þô Üò·²­«®»¼­¿®»¼»­½®·¾»¼·²
Í»½¬·±²Ô ·³·¬­ þ°®±°»®¬§¼¿³¿¹» þ ¿²¼³»¼·½¿´»¨°»²­»­
Ѻײ-«®¿²½» ò ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¿²§ ±²» þ±½½«®®»²½»þ ·- ¬¸» Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿²¼ Ó »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- Ô ·³ ·¬-¸±© ² ·²Ø±© ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»- © ¸»² ±¬¸»®¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-ò·²-«®¿²½» ·- ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ Ñ ¬¸»® ײ-«®¿²½» Ý ±²¼·¬·±²
̸» ³ ±-¬© » © ·´´°¿§ º±®¿´´³ »¼·½¿´»¨°»²-»-Ûò·² Í»½¬·±² Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ ß ²¼ Ó »¼·½¿´ Û ¨°»²­»­¾»½¿«­»±ºþ¾±¼·´§·²¶«®§ þ ­«­¬¿·²»¼¾§¿²§ Ù»²»®¿´ Ý ±²¼·¬·±²-
ò ±²» °»®-±² ·- ¬¸» Ó »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- Ô ·³ ·¬
Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-òÒ± °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ·- ¿² ·²-«®»¼ © ·¬¸ìòл®-±²¿´ß²¼ ß¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ ײ¶«®§ Ô ·³ ·¬®»-°»½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬ ±º ¿²§ ½«®®»²¬ ±® °¿-¬ô ¶±·²¬ ª»²¬«®» ±® ´·³ ·¬»¼ ´·¿¾·´·¬§ îò¾ òÍ«¾¶»½¬¬± ¿¾±ª»ô¬¸» ³ ±-¬© » © ·´´°¿§ º±®½±³ °¿²§ ¬¸¿¬·- ²±¬-¸±© ² ¿- ¿ Ò¿³ »¼ ײ-«®»¼ ·²¬¸» -«³ ±º ¿´´ ¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ±º ¿´´¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-
ò þ°»®-±²¿´¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ -«-¬¿·²»¼ ¾§Ð»®-±²¿´Üò Ô × ßÞ × Ô ×ÌÇ ßÒÜ Ó ÛÜ× Ý ßÔ ÛÈÐÛÒÍÛÍ ß¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ײ¶«®§ Ô ·³ ·¬ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»Ô × Ó × ÌÍÑÚ × ÒÍËÎßÒÝÛÜ»½´¿®¿¬·±²- òïò ̸» Ó ±-¬
É » É ·´´
п§ëò Ü¿³ ¿¹» ̱ Ю»³ ·-»- 벬»¼
̱ DZ« Ô ·³ ·¬Ì¸» Ô ·³ ·¬- ± º ײ-«®¿²½» -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸» ̸» Ü¿³ ¿¹» ̱ Ю»³ ·-»-
벬»¼ ̱
DZ«Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®«´»- ¾»´±© º·¨ ¬¸» ³ ±-¬
Ô ·³ ·¬ ·- ¬¸» ³ ±-¬ © » © ·´´°¿§ «²¼»® Þ «-·²»--© » © ·´´°¿§ ®»¹¿®¼´»-- ±º¬¸» ²«³ ¾»®± ºæ Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ Ý ± ª»®¿¹» º±® ¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ±º¿
ò ײ-«®»¼-å þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ¬± ¿²§ ±²» °®»³ ·-»- ô© ¸·´»ò Ý ´¿·³ - ³ ¿¼» ±® þ-«·¬- þ¾®±«¹¸¬
å±®®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±«ô±®·² ¬¸» ½¿-» ± º¼¿³ ¿¹» ¾§ º·®»
ô ô © ¸·´» ®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±« ±®½ò
л®-±²- ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²- ³ ¿µ·²¹ ½´¿·³ - ±® º¾®·²¹·²¹ þ-«·¬-þò òîò ß¹¹®»¹¿¬» Ô ·³ ·¬- º ¼¿³ ¿¹» ¾§ º·®» ô ´·¹¸¬²·²¹ ±® ̸» ³ ±-¬© » © ·´´°¿§ º±®æ »¨°´±-·±² ô¬¸»
Ü¿³ ¿¹» ¬± Ю»³ ·-»- 벬»¼ ̱¿ ò Ü¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ±ºþ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ¿²¼Ç±« Ô ·³ ·¬ ¿°°´·»- ¬± ¿´´ ¼¿³ ¿¹» °®±¨·³ ¿¬»´§þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸»½¿«-»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» -¿³ » »ª»²¬ ô © ¸»¬¸»® -«½¸þ°®±¼«½¬- ó½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼
þ·-¼¿³ ¿¹» ®»-«´¬- º®±³ º·®» ô´·¹¸¬²·²¹ ±®»¨°´±-·±²¬¸» Ю±¼«½¬-óÝ ±³ °´»¬»¼ Ñ °»®¿¬·±²-±®¿²§ ½±³ ¾·²¿¬·±² ± º¬¸»-»òß¹¹®»¹¿¬» Ô ·³ ·¬ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»êòر©
Ô ·³ ·¬- ß°°´§ ̱
ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²-«®»¼-Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-
ò ̸» ³ ±-¬© » © ·´´°¿§ ±² ¾»¸¿´
º± º¿ °»®-±² ±®¾òÜ¿³ ¿¹»- ¾»½¿«-» ± º ¿´´ ±¬¸»® þ¾±¼·´§±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² © ¸± ·- ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼·²¶«®§ þô
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´«²¼»®¬¸·- Ý ± ª»®¿¹» ﮬ·- ¬¸» ´»--»®±ºæ¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓ øï÷×
º ³ ±®» ¬¸¿² ±²» ´·³ ·¬ ±º ·²-«®¿²½» «²¼»® ¬¸·- ׳ ³ »¼·¿¬»´§ -»²¼ «- ½±°·»- ± º ¿²§ ô ²±¬·½»-
ô -«³ ³ ±²-»- ±®þ-«·¬
þô¬¸» ³ ±-¬© » © ·´´°¿§ ´»¹¿´ °¿°»®- ®»½»·ª»¼ ·² ½±²²»½¬·±² þ-«·¬þå º ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ±º ¿´´ ½± ª»®¿¹»-
øî÷ ß«¬¸±®·¦» «- ¬± ±¾¬¿·² ®»½±®¼- ¿²¼¿°°´·½¿¾´» ¬± -«½¸ ½´¿·³ ±® þ-«·¬þòر© »ª»® ô ¬¸·-±¬¸»®·² º±®³ ¿¬·±²å°¿®¿¹®¿°¸ ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± ¬¸» Ó »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- øí÷ Ý ±±°»®¿¬» © ·¬¸ «- ·² ¬¸» ·²ª»-¬·¹¿¬·±² ôíò´·³ ·¬-»¬º±®¬¸ ·² п®¿¹®¿°¸ ¿¾± ª»
ò -»¬¬´»³ »²¬ ±º ¬¸» ½´¿·³ ±® ¼»
º»²-» ̸»
Ô ·³ ·¬- ±
º×²-«®¿²½» ±º¬¸·- Ý ± ª»®¿¹»
ﮬ¿°°´§¿¹¿·²-¬¬¸» þ-«·¬ þ忲¼ª» ¿²²«¿´°»®·±¼ ¿²¼ ¬±øì÷ ß--·-¬ «-ô «°±² ±«® ®»¯«»-¬ô ·² ¬¸»¿²§ ®»³ ¿·²·²¹ °»®·±¼ ±º´»-- ¬¸¿² ïî ³ ±²¬¸- ô-¬¿®¬·²¹»² º±®½»³ »²¬ ± º ¿²§ ®·¹¸¬ ¿¹¿·²-¬ ¿²§© ·¬¸ ¬¸» ¾»¹·²²·²¹ ±º¬¸» °±´·½§ °»®·±¼ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»°»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ³ ¿§ ¾» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-ô «²´»-- ¬¸» °±´·½§ °»®·±¼ ·- »¨¬»²¼»¼´·¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ¾»½¿«-» ±º·²¶«®§¿º¬»®·--«¿²½» º±®¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´°»®·±¼ ±º´»-- ¬¸¿² ïî ±® ¼¿³ ¿¹» ¬± © ¸·½¸ ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»³ ±²¬¸-ò ײ ¬¸¿¬ ½¿-»ô ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´°»®·±¼ © ·´´¾»³ ¿§ ¿´-± ¿°°´§ò¼»»³ »¼ °¿®¬± º¬¸» ´¿-¬°®»½»¼·²¹ °»®·±¼ º±®°«®°±-»-¼ ò Ѿ´·¹¿¬·±²- ߬ ̸» ײ-«®»¼ ù-
Ñ© ² Ý ±-¬±º¼»¬»®³ ·²·²¹ ¬¸»
Ô ·³ ·¬- ±º×²-«®¿²½» ò Ò± ·²-«®»¼ © ·´´ô»¨½»°¬¿¬¬¸¿¬·²-«®»¼ù- ±© ²Ûò Ô × ßÞ × Ô × ÌÇ
ßÒÜ Ó ÛÜ× Ý ßÔ
ÛÈÐÛÒÍÛÍ ½±-¬ô ª±´«²¬¿®·´§ ³ ¿µ» ¿ °¿§³ »²¬ô ¿--«³ » ÙÛÒÛÎßÔÝ ÑÒÜ× Ì×ÑÒÍ ¿²§ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±²ô±® ·²½«® ¿²§ »¨°»²-»ô±¬¸»®º±®
º·®-¬¿·¼ô© ·¬¸±«¬±«®½±²-»²¬òïòÞ ¿² µ®«°¬½§ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²-«®»¼ù- Ѭ¸»®×²-«®¿²½»
Þ ¿² µ®«°¬½§ ±® ·²-±´
ª»²½§ ± º¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ±® ±
ºù- »-¬¿¬» © ·´´²±¬ ®»´·»ª» «- ±
º ±«®× º © » ½±
ª»® ¿ ½´¿·³ ±®
þ-«·¬þ «²¼»® ¬¸·-Ý ± ª»®¿¹» ﮬ ò Ý ±
ª»®¿¹»
ﮬ ¬¸¿¬ ³ ¿§ ¿´-± ¾» ½±ª»®»¼ ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± ¿²îò Ü«¬·»- ײ ̸» Ûª»²¬ Ѻ ѽ½«®®»²½»ô
ô-«½¸ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼
Ѻº»²-»ôÝ ´¿·³
Ñ® Í«·¬
þ-«·¬ þ ¬± ¬¸»¿ ò Ò±¬·½» Ѻѽ½«®®»²½»
Ñ® Ѻº»²-»±¬¸»®·²-«®»®º±®¼» º»²-» ¿²¼ ·²¼»³ ²·¬§
òDZ« ±®¿²§ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ ³ «-¬-»» ¬±Ø±© » ª»®ô¬¸·- °®± ª·-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±·¬ ¬¸¿¬ © » ¿®» ²±¬·º·»¼ ¿- -±±² ¿-¬¸» »¨¬»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ §±« ¸¿ ª» ¿¹®»»¼ ·² ¿°®¿½¬·½¿¾´» ±º ¿² þ±½½«®®»²½»
þ ±® ¿²© ®·¬¬»² ½±²¬®¿½¬ ô © ®·¬¬»² ¿¹®»»³ »²¬ ±®±ºº»²-» © ¸·½¸ ³ ¿§ ®»-«´¬ ·² ¿ ½´¿·³ ò ̱°»®³ ·¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ·- °®·³ ¿®§ ¿²¼¬¸» »¨¬»²¬°±--·¾´» ô²±¬·½» -¸±«´¼ ·²½´«¼» æ ²±²ó½±²¬®·¾«¬±®§ © ·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ øï÷ ر© ô© ¸»² ¿²¼ © ¸»®» ¬¸» þ±½½«®®»²½»þ ·²-«®»¼ ù- ±© ² ·²-«®¿²½» ò±®±
ºº»²-» ¬±±µ °´¿½» å ºò
Õ²±© ´»¼¹» Ѻ߲ ѽ½«®®»²½» ôѺº»²-»
ôøî÷
̸» ²¿³ »- ¿²¼ ¿¼¼®»--»- ±º ¿²§ Ý ´¿·³
Ñ® Í«·¬·²¶«®»¼ °»®-±²- ¿²¼ © ·¬²»--»-忲¼¿ ò ¾
òп®¿¹®¿°¸- ¿²¼ ¿°°´§ ¬± §±« ±® ¬±øí÷ ̸» ²¿¬«®» ¿²¼ ´±½¿¬·±² ±º¿²§ ·²¶«®§¿²§ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼ ±²´§ © ¸»² -«½¸±® ¼¿³ ¿¹» ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸»þ±½½«®®»²½» þô ± ºº»²-» ô ½´¿·³ ±® þ-«·¬
þ ·- þ±½½«®®»²½»
þ±®± ºº»²-» ò µ²±© ² ¬±æ ò Ò±¬·½» ÑºÝ ´¿·³
ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓºò øí÷ ̸·-
п®¿¹®¿°¸ ¿°°´·»- -»°¿®¿¬»´§ ¬± É » ¸¿
ª» ·--«»¼ ¬¸·- °±´·½§ ·² ®»´·¿²½»ò «°±² §±«®®»°®»-»²¬¿¬·±²-ò íò Ú·²¿²½·¿´Î»-°±²-·¾·´·¬§ Ô ¿© - ¾ ò ˲·²¬»²¬·±²¿´ Ú¿·´«®» ̱ Ü·-½´±-»
Ø¿¦¿®¼-¿
ò
É ¸»² ¬¸·- °±´·½§ ·- ½»®¬·º·»¼ ¿- °®±± º ± º º·²¿²½·¿´®»-°±²-·¾·´·¬§ º±®¬¸» º«¬«®» «²¼»®× º«²·²¬»²¬·±²¿´´§ §±« -¸±«´¼ º¿·´¬± ¼·-½´±-» ª·-·±²- ±
º ¿²§ ³ ±¬±® ª»¸·½´»¿´´¸¿¦¿®¼- ®»´¿¬·²¹ ¬± ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬±º§±«® º·²¿²½·¿´ ®»-°±²-·¾·´·¬§ ´¿©
ô ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½»¾«-·²»-- ¿¬ ¬¸» ·²½»°¬·±² ¼¿¬» ±
º ¬¸·-ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °±´·½§ º±® þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ Ý ± ª»®¿¹» ﮬ
ô © » -¸¿´´ ²±¬ ¼»²§ ¿²§ þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ´·¿¾·´·¬§ © ·´´½± ª»®¿¹» «²¼»® ¬¸·- Ý ±
ª»®¿¹» ﮬ ª·-·±²- ±
º ¬¸» ´¿© ¬±¾»½¿«-» ±º-«½¸ º¿·´«®» ò
º ¬¸» ½± ª»®¿¹» ¿²¼ ´·³ ·¬- ±ºéò
Ѭ¸»®×²-«®¿²½»·²-«®¿²½» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸¿¬´¿© ò × º ±¬¸»® ª¿´·¼ ¿²¼ ½±´´»½¬·¾´» ·²-«®¿²½» ·-¾ò É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± þ³ ±¾·´» »¯«·°³ »²¬þ ¬±¿ ª¿·´¿¾´» º±® ¿ ´±-- © » ½±ª»® «²¼»® ¬¸·-© ¸·½¸ ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»-ô © » © ·´´ Ý ±ª»®¿¹» ﮬô ±«® ±¾´·¹¿¬·±²- ¿®» ´·³ ·¬»¼ ¿-°®±ª·¼» ¿²§ ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ô «²·²-«®»¼ ³ ±¬±®·-¬-ô º±´´±© -
櫲¼»®·²-«®»¼ ³ ±¬±®·-¬-ô ²± 󺿫´¬ ±® ±¬¸»®¿ò
Ю·³ ¿®§ ײ-«®¿²½»½±ª»®¿¹» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾§ ¿²§ ³ ±¬±® ª»¸·½´» ò´¿© ò É » © ·´´°®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»¼ ´·³ ·¬- º±®
̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ·- °®·³ ¿®§ »¨½»°¬© ¸»² ª»®¿¹»- ò ¾»´±© ¿°°´·»-ò ׺ ±¬¸»® ·²-«®¿²½» ·- ¿´-±ô © » © ·´´ -¸¿®» © ·¬¸ ¿´´ ¬¸¿¬ ±¬¸»®ìò Ô »¹¿´ ß½¬·±² ß¹¿·²-¬Ë-½ò·²-«®¿²½» ¾§ ¬¸» ³ »¬¸±¼ ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·²Ò± °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ¸¿- ¿ ®·¹¸¬ «²¼»®¾»´±© ò¬¸·- Ý ± ª»®¿¹»
Ú±®³ æ ¾ ò Û¨½»-- ײ-«®¿²½»¿ò ̱ ¶±·² «- ¿- ¿ °¿®¬§ ±®±¬¸»®© ·-» ¾®·²¹ «- ̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ·- »¨½»-- ±ª»® ¿²§ ±
º ¬¸»·²¬± ¿ þ-«·¬
þ ¿-µ·²¹
º±® ¼¿³ ¿¹»- º®±³ ¿² ô© ¸»¬¸»®°®·³ ¿®§ô»¨½»-- ô·²-«®»¼
å±®æ¾ ò ̱ -«» «- ±² ¬¸·- Ý ±
ª»®¿¹» Ú±®³ «²´»--øï÷ DZ«® É ±® µ¿´´ ±
º ·¬- ¬»®³ - ¸¿ª» ¾»»² º«´´§ ½±³ °´·»¼
ò̸¿¬ ·-
Ú·®»ô Û¨¬»²¼»¼ Ý ±ª»®¿¹»ô Þ «·´¼»® ù- η-
µô ײ-¬¿´´¿¬·±² η- µ ±® ß °»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ³ ¿§ -«» «- ¬± ®»½± ª»® ª»®¿¹» º±®þ§±«®© ±® µþå±² ¿² ¿¹®»»¼ -»¬¬´»³ »²¬±® ±² ¿ º·²¿´¶«¼¹³ »²¬å¾«¬© » © ·´´²±¬¾» ´·¿¾´» º±® øî÷ Ю»³ ·-»- 벬»¼ ̱ DZ« ºÌ¸¿¬ ·- º·®» ô ´·¹¸¬²·²¹ ±® »¨°´±-·±²¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ±® ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ·² »¨½»-- ±º ¬¸»·²-«®¿²½» º±® °®»³ ·-»- ®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±«¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬ ± º ·²-«®¿²½»ò ß² ¿¹®»»¼±® ¬»³ °±®¿®·´§ ±½½«°·»¼ ¾§ §±« © ·¬¸-»¬¬´»³ »²¬ ³ »¿²- ¿ -»¬¬´»³ »²¬ ¿²¼ ®»´»¿-» ±º°»®³ ·--·±² ±º¬¸» ±© ²»®å´·¿¾·´·¬§ -·¹²»¼ ¾§ «- ô ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸»øí÷ Ì»²¿²¬Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§½´¿·³ ¿²¬±®¬¸» ½´¿·³ ¿²¬ù- ´»¹¿´®»°®»-»²¬¿¬· ª» ò ̸¿¬·- ·²-«®¿²½» °«®½¸¿-»¼ ¾§ §±« ¬±ëò Í»°¿®¿¬·±²
Ѻײ-«®»¼-ª»® §±«® ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿- ¿ ¬»²¿²¬ º±® Û¨½»°¬© ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» Ô ·³ ·¬- ±
º×²-«®¿²½» ôþ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ¬± °®»³ ·-»- ®»²¬»¼¿²¼ ¿²§ ®·¹¸¬- ±® ¼«¬·»- -°»½·º·½¿´´§ ¿--·¹²»¼¬± §±« ±®¬»³ °±®¿®·´§ ±½½«°·»¼ ¾§ §±«·² ¬¸·- °±´·½§ ¬± ¬¸» º·®-¬ Ò¿³ »¼ ײ-«®»¼ô ¬¸·-© ·¬¸ °»®³ ·--·±² ±º¬¸» ±© ²»®
å·²-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»-æ øì÷ ß·®½®¿º¬ ôß«¬± Ñ®É ¿¬»®½®¿
ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓøê÷ É ¸»² DZ« ß®» ß¼¼»¼ ß- ß²
É ¸»² ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ·- »¨½»-- ±ª»® ±¬¸»® ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ ̱ Ѭ¸»®·²-«®¿²½» ô © » © ·´´ °¿§ ±²´§ ±«® -¸¿®» ± º º ¬¸» ´±--
ô ·
º ¿²§ ô ¬¸¿¬
ºæ̸¿¬ ·- ±¬¸»® ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬±
øï÷§±« ½± ª»®·²¹ ´·¿¾·´·¬§ º±® ¼¿³ ¿¹»- ̸» ¬±¬¿´ ¿³ ±«²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´ -«½¸ ±¬¸»® º ¬¸» °®»³ ·-»- ±® ·²-«®¿²½» © ±«´¼ °¿§ º±®¬¸» ´±-- ·² ¬¸» ô±®°®±¼«½¬- ¿²¼ ½±³ °´»¬»¼ ¿¾-»²½» ±º¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»å¿²¼ ô º±® © ¸·½¸ §±« ¸¿ª» ¾»»²øî÷ ̸» ¬±¬¿´ ± º ¿´´ ¼»¼«½¬·¾´» ¿²¼ -»´ºó¿¼¼»¼ ¿- ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸¿¬·²-«®»¼ ¿³ ±«²¬- «²¼»® ¿´´ ¬¸¿¬ ±¬¸»®·²-«®¿²½» å±®·²-«®¿²½» ò øé÷ É ¸»²
DZ« ß¼¼ Ѭ¸»®-
ß-
ß² É » © ·´´-¸¿®» ¬¸» ®»³ ¿·²·²¹ ´±--ô·
º¿²§ ô© ·¬¸ ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ ̱ ̸·-¿²§ ±¬¸»®·²-«®¿²½» ¬¸¿¬·- ²±¬¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·²×²-«®¿²½»¬¸·- Û¨½»-- ײ-«®¿²½» °®±ª·-·±² ¿²¼ © ¿- ²±¬Ì¸¿¬·- ±¬¸»®·²-«®¿²½» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± ¿² ¾±«¹¸¬-°»½· º·½¿´´§ ¬± ¿°°´§ ·² »¨½»-- ±
º¬¸» ò
Ô ·³ ·¬- ±º ײ-«®¿²½» -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ±º¬¸·- Ý ± ª»®¿¹» ﮬòر© » ª»® ô ¬¸»
º±´´±© ·²¹ °®±ª·-·±²-ò
Ó »¬¸±¼
Ѻ͸¿®·²¹¿°°´§ ¬± ±¬¸»® ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬±
º ¿´´ ¬¸» ±¬¸»® ·²-«®¿²½» °»®³ ·¬-¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ «²¼»®¬¸·- Ý ±ª»®¿¹»½±²¬®·¾«¬·±² ¾§ »¯«¿´-¸¿®»- ô© » © ·´´
º±´´±© п®¬æ ¬¸·- ³ »¬¸±¼ ¿´-± ò
˲¼»® ¬¸·- ¿°°®±¿½¸
ô ø¿÷
Ю·³ ¿®§ ײ-«®¿²½» É ¸»²»¿½¸ ·²-«®»® ½±²¬®·¾«¬»- »¯«¿´ ¿³ ±«²¬-λ¯«·®»¼ Þ § Ý ±²¬®¿½¬«²¬·´ ·¬ ¸¿- °¿·¼ ·¬- ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬ ±º º ¬¸» ´±-- ®»³ ¿·²-ô̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ·- °®·³ ¿®§ ·º §±«© ¸·½¸»ª»®½±³ »- º·®-¬ò¸¿ ª» ¿¹®»»¼ ·² ¿ © ®·¬¬»² ½±²¬®¿½¬ ô º¿²§ ± º¬¸» ±¬¸»®·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬°»®³ ·¬ò × º±¬¸»® ½±²¬®·¾«¬·±² ¾§ »¯«¿´ -¸¿®»-ô © » © ·´´ô© » © ·´´ ½±²¬®·¾«¬» ¾§ ´·³ ·¬- ò ˲¼»®¬¸·- ³ »¬¸±¼ô»¿½¸ º·¬­ò¾§ ¬¸» ³ »¬¸±¼ ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬ ±º ·²-«®¿²½» ¬± ¬¸» ¬±¬¿´ò ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ´·³ ·¬- ±º·²-«®¿²½» ±º¿´´·²-«®»®- ò ø¾÷
Ю·³ ¿®§ ß²¼
Ò±² óÝ ±²¬®·¾«¬±®§ èò
Ì®¿²- º»® Ѻ η¹¸¬-
Ѻ λ½±ª»®§
ß¹¿·²-¬ ̱ Ѭ¸»® ײ-«®¿²½»
É ¸»² Ѭ¸»®- ̱
Ë- λ¯«·®»¼ Þ §
Ý ±²¬®¿½¬¿ò Ì®¿²-º»® Ѻη¹¸¬- Ѻλ½± ª»®§ º §±« ¸¿
ª» ¿¹®»»¼ ·² ¿ © ®·¬¬»²×º ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ¸¿- ®·¹¸¬- ¬± ®»½±ª»® ¿´´±®½±²¬®¿½¬ô © ®·¬¬»² ¿¹®»»³ »²¬ ±®°¿®¬ ±º ¿²§ °¿§³ »²¬ô ·²½´«¼·²¹°»®³ ·¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ·-Í«°°´»³ »²¬¿®§ п§³ »²¬-ô© » ¸¿ ª» ³ ¿¼»°®·³ ¿®§ ¿²¼ ²±²
ó½±²¬®·¾«¬±®§ © ·¬¸«²¼»®¬¸·- Ý ±
ª»®¿¹» ﮬ
ô¬¸±-» ®·¹¸¬- ¿®»¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼ù- ±© ²¬®¿²- º»®®»¼ ¬± «- ò ̸» ·²-«®»¼ ³ «-¬ ¼±·²-«®¿²½» ô ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ·-²±¬¸·²¹ ¿º¬»® ´±-- ¬± ·³ °¿·® ¬¸»³ ò ߬ ±«®°®·³ ¿®§ ¿²¼ © » © ·´´ ²±¬ -»»µ®»¯«»-¬ô ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ © ·´´ ¾®·²¹ þ-«·¬þ ±®½±²¬®·¾«¬·±² º®±³ ¬¸¿¬ ±¬¸»®¬®¿²- º»® ¬¸±-» ®·¹¸¬- ¬± «- ¿²¼ ¸»´° «-·²-«®¿²½» ò »²
º±®½» ¬¸»³ ò ̸·- ½±²¼·¬·±² ¼±»- ²±¬
ø¿÷
ø¾÷
п®¿¹®¿°¸- ¿²¼ ¼± ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± ¿°°´§ ¬± Ó »¼·½¿´Û¨°»²-»- Ý ±ª»®¿¹» ò ò É ¿· ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓíò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²-«®»¼ óÙ®¿²¬±®ÑºÚ®¿²½¸·-»ÚòÑÐÌ×ÑÒßÔ ßÜÜ× Ì× ÑÒßÔ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜÝ òÉ ØÑ ×Í ßÒ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜ «²¼»® Í»½¬·±² ·-Ý
ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛÍ º´·-¬»¼ ±®-¸±© ² ¿- ¿°°´·½¿¾´» ·² ¬¸»
Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-ô ¬¸» °»®-±² ø-÷ ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ø-÷ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»±²» ±® ³ ±®» ±º ¬¸» º±´´±© ·²¹ Ñ °¬·±²¿´ ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿- ¿² ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ óײ-«®»¼ Ý ±ª»®¿¹»- ¿´-± ¿°°´§ ò É ¸»² ¿²§ ±º¬¸»-» Ù®¿²¬±®Ñ ºÚ®¿²½¸·-» ô¾«¬±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬±Ñ °¬·±²¿´ ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ Ý ± ª»®¿¹»- ¿°°´§ô ¬¸»·®´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿- ¹®¿²¬±®±ºº®¿²½¸·-» ¬± §±«òêòп®¿¹®¿°¸ øß¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²-«®»¼- É ¸»² λ¯«·®»¼ ìò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ ó Ô »--±® Ѻ Ô »¿-»¼¾§ É ®·¬¬»² Ý ±²¬®¿½¬ ôÉ ®·¬¬»² ß¹®»»³ »²¬±® л®³ ·¬÷Û¯«·°³ »²¬Ýò± ºÍ»½¬·±² ôÉ ¸± ×- ß² ײ-«®»¼ô¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ò Ý òÉØÑ ×ÍßÒ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜ«²¼»®Í»½¬·±² ·- Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-
ò ̸»-» ½±ª»®¿¹»- ¿®» -«¾¶»½¬¬± ¬¸»¿³ »²¼»¼ ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿- ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ Þ «-·²»--·²-«®»¼ ¬¸» °»®-±² ø-÷ ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ø-÷ Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ Ý ± ª»®¿¹» ·² ¬¸·- °±´·½§ô »¨½»°¬ ¿--¸±© ² ·² ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿- ¿² ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ª·¼»¼ ¾»´±© æ ײ­«®»¼ Ô »­­±®± ºÔ »¿­»¼ Û ¯«·°³»²¬ ô º±®
þ¾±¼·´§ïò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²-«®»¼ óÜ»-·¹²¿¬»¼ л®-±² Ñ® þô
þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´Ñ®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ þ½¿«-»¼ ô·² © ¸±´» ±®ÝòÉØÑ ×Í ßÒ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜ «²¼»® Í»½¬·±² ·-·² °¿®¬ ô¾§ §±«®³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ô±°»®¿¬·±² ±®¿³ »²¼»¼ ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿- ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼«-» ± º »¯«·°³ »²¬ ´»¿-»¼ ¬± §±« ¾§ -«½¸¬¸» °»®-±²ø-÷ ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ø-÷ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»°»®-±²ø-÷±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ø-÷òÜ»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ò É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ ºº±®¼»¼ ¬±º±® þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þô þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ ±®
ô ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ ½¿«-»¼ ô ·² þ±½½«®®»²½»þ © ¸·½¸© ¸±´» ±® ·² °¿®¬
ô¾§ §±«® ¿½¬- ±®±³ ·--·±²- ±®µ»- °´¿½» ¿
º¬»® §±« ½»¿-» ¬± ´»¿-» ¬¸¿¬¬¸» ¿½¬- ±® ±³ ·--·±²- ±º¬¸±-» ¿½¬·²¹ ±² §±«®ò¾»¸¿´ ºæëò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ óÑ© ²»®- Ñ® Ѭ¸»®¿ ò ײ ¬¸» °»®º±®³ ¿²½» ±º §±«® ±²¹±·²¹Ú®±³ É ¸±³ Ô ¿²¼ Ø¿- Þ »»²±°»®¿¬·±²-å±®
Ô »¿-»¼¾ ò ײ ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ §±«® °®»³ ·-»- ±© ²»¼ò Ý òÉ ØÑ × ÍßÒ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜ«²¼»® Í»½¬·±² ·-¾§ ±®®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±«ò îò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²-«®»¼ ó Ó ¿²¿¹»®- Ñ® Ô »--±®-·²-«®»¼ ¬¸» °»®-±²ø-÷ ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² ø-÷ѺЮ»³ ·-»--¸±© ² ·² ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿- ¿² ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´¿ ò
Ý òÉØÑ ×Í ßÒ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜ«²¼»® Í»½¬·±² ·-ײ­«®»¼ Ñ ©²»®­ Ñ ® Ñ ¬¸»®×²¬»®»­¬­Ú®±³¿³ »²¼»¼ ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿- ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼É ¸±³ Ô ¿²¼ Ø¿- Þ »»² Ô »¿-»¼ô ¾«¬ ±²´§¬¸» °»®-±²ø-÷±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ø-÷-¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»© ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿- ¿² ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ ó ±© ²»®-¸·°ô³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ±®«-» ± º¬¸¿¬°¿®¬ Ü»-·¹²¿¬»¼ л®-±² Ñ ® Ñ®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²
徫¬±²´§± º¬¸» ´¿²¼ ´»¿-»¼ ¬± §±« ¿²¼ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»© ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸»Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-ò±© ²»®-¸·° ô³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ±®«-» ±º¬¸¿¬°¿®¬±
º¾ ò É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿
ºº±®¼»¼ ¬±¬¸» °®»³ ·-»- ´»¿-»¼ ¬± §±« ¿²¼ -¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»¬¸»-» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼-ô ¬¸» º±´´±© ·²¹ Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²-
ò ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´»¨½´«-·±²- ¿°°´§æ¾
ò É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ ¬±
̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±æ¬¸»-» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼-ô ¬¸» º±´´±© ·²¹øï÷ ß²§ þ±½½«®®»²½» þ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¿
µ»- °´¿½»¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´»¨½´«-·±²- ¿°°´§æ º¬»®§±« ½»¿-» ¬± ´»¿-» ¬¸¿¬´¿²¼å±® ̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±æ øî÷ ͬ®«½¬«®¿´ ¿´¬»®¿¬·±²-
ô ²»© øï÷
ß²§ þ±½½«®®»²½»þ © ¸·½¸ ¬¿µ»- °´¿½»½±²-¬®«½¬·±² ±® ¼»³ ±´·¬·±² ±°»®¿¬·±²-¿º¬»® §±« ½»¿-» ¬± ¾» ¿ ¬»²¿²¬·² ¬¸¿¬°»®º±®³ »¼ ¾§ ±® ±² ¾»¸¿´º ± º -«½¸°®»³ ·-»- å±®°»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²
òøî÷ ͬ®«½¬«®¿´ ¿´¬»®¿¬·±²-ô ²»©êò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ ó ͬ¿¬» Ñ® б´·¬·½¿´½±²-¬®«½¬·±² ±® ¼»³ ±´·¬·±² ±°»®¿¬·±²-Í«¾¼·
ª·­·±² Ð »®³·¬­°»®º±®³ »¼ ¾§ ±® ±² ¾»¸¿´ º ± º -«½¸ ò Ý òÉ ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓø»÷ײ­«®»¼Í¬¿¬» Ñ ® Ð ±´·¬·½¿´Í«¾¼· ª·­·±² ó
ß ²§ º¿·´«®»¬±³¿ µ»­«½¸ л®³ ·¬-
ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ·²-°»½¬·±²-
ô ¿¼¶«-¬³ »²¬-ô ¬»-¬- ±®º±®³ »¼ ¾§ §±« ±® ±² §±«® -»®
ª·½·²¹ ¿- ¬¸» ª»²¼±®¸¿- ¿¹®»»¼
º º±® © ¸·½¸ ¬¸» -¬¿¬» ±® °±´·¬·½¿´ ¬± ³ ¿µ» ±® ²±®³ ¿´´§ «²¼»®¬¿µ»- ¬± ª·-·±² ¸¿- ·--«»¼ ¿ °»®³ ·¬ò ³ ¿ µ» ·² ¬¸» «-«¿´ ½±«®-» ± º
ô ·² ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ ¬¸»¾ò É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ ¬±¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±² ±®-¿´» ±º¬¸» °®±¼«½¬- 嬸»-» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼- ô ¬¸» º±´´±© ·²¹
øº÷
Ü»³ ±²-¬®¿¬·±²
ô ·²-¬¿´´¿¬·±²ô¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´»¨½´«-·±²- ¿°°´§æ ª·½·²¹ ±® ®»°¿·® ±°»®¿¬·±²- ô̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬±æ »¨½»°¬-«½¸ ±°»®¿¬·±²- °»®º±®³ »¼øï÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þô þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±®¿¬ ¬¸»
ª»²¼±® ù- °®»³ ·-»- ·² þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ ¬¸» -¿´» ±º ¬¸»¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±º±°»®¿¬·±²- °»® º±®³ »¼ º±®°®±¼«½¬ 嬸» -¬¿¬» ±®³ «²·½·°¿´·¬§å±®ø¹÷ Ю±¼«½¬- © ¸·½¸ô ¿ º¬»® ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±² øî÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±®-¿´» ¾§ §±« ô¸¿ª» ¾»»² ´¿¾»´»¼·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» þ°®±¼«½¬ ó½±³ °´»¬»¼±® ®»´¿¾»´»¼ ±® «-»¼ ¿- ¿±°»®¿¬·±²-þ¸¿¦¿®¼ ò ½±²¬¿·²»® ô°¿®¬±®·²¹®»¼·»²¬±
º¿²§ éò ß ¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ­«®»¼Ê »²¼±®­±¬¸»® ¬¸·²¹ ±® -«¾-¬¿²½» ¾§ ±® º±® ª»²¼±® å±®¿
ò Ý òÉ ØÑ ×ÍßÒ × ÒÍËÎÛÜ«²¼»®
Í»½¬·±² ·- ø¸÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§
þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ø-÷ ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²ø-÷ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸» -±´» ø®»º»®®»¼ ¬± ¾»´±© ¿- ª»²¼±®÷-¸±© ² ·² ¬¸»²»¹´·¹»²½» ±º ¬¸» ª»²¼±® º±® ·¬- Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿- ¿²
ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ײ-«®»¼ ó ±© ² ¿½¬- ±®±³ ·--·±²- ±®¬¸±-» ±ºÊ »²¼±® ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± þ¾±¼·´§·¬- »³ °´±§»»- ±® ¿²§±²» »´-»þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹» þ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬± º¿½¬·²¹ ±² ·¬- ¾»¸¿´ºò
ر© »
ª»® ô¬¸·- þ§±«® °®±¼«½¬- þ © ¸·½¸ ¿®» ¼·-¬®·¾«¬»¼ ±®»¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± 溬¸» ª»²¼±® ù- ø·÷
̸» »¨½»°¬·±²- ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ·²¾«-·²»-- ¿²¼ ±²´§ ·º ¬¸·-
Ý ± ª»®¿¹»
ﮬ
ø¼÷ øº÷ Í«¾°¿®¿¹®¿°¸- ±®
å±®°®± ª·¼»- ½±
ª»®¿¹» º±®
þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±®ø··÷ Í«½¸ ·²-°»½¬·±²-ôþ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ·²½´«¼»¼ © ·¬¸·² ¬¸»¿¼¶«-¬³ »²¬-ô¬»-¬- ±®-»®ª·½·²¹ þ°®±¼«½¬- ó½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼þò ¿- ¬¸» ª»²¼±® ¸¿- ¿¹®»»¼ ¬±¾ò ̸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ª»²¼±® ·-³ ¿ µ» ±® ²±®³ ¿´´§ «²¼»®¬¿µ»--«¾¶»½¬¬± ¬¸» º±´´±© ·²¹ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´»¨½´«-·±²- æ ¬± ³ ¿µ» ·² ¬¸» «-«¿´½±«®-» ±º øï÷
̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± æ ¾«-·²»-- ô ·² ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸º ¬¸» ø¿÷ þÞ ±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§°®±¼«½¬-ò¼¿³ ¿¹»þ º±® © ¸·½¸ ¬¸» ª»²¼±® ·-øî÷
̸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± ¿²§º ¬¸» ¿--«³ °¬·±² ± º·²-«®»¼ °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² º®±³ ò © ¸±³ §±« ¸¿ ª» ¿½¯«·®»¼ -«½¸Ì¸·- »¨½´«-·±² ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬±°®±¼«½¬-ô ±® ¿²§ ·²¹®»¼·»²¬ ô °¿®¬ ±® º±® ¼¿³ ¿¹»- ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸»½±²¬¿·²»®
ô »²¬»®·²¹ ·²¬±
ô ª»²¼±®© ±«´¼ ¸¿ª» ·² ¬¸» ¿¾-»²½»¿½½±³ °¿²§·²¹ ±® ½±²¬¿·²·²¹ -«½¸º¬¸» ½±²¬®¿½¬±®¿¹®»»³ »²¬å °®±¼«½¬- ò ø¾÷ ß²§ »¨°®»-- © ¿®®¿²¬§ ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓ Ì¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¼±»- ²±¬ ¿°°´§ ¬± -¬®«½¬«®¿´
̸» ´·³ ·¬- ±º ·²-«®¿²½» ¬¸¿¬ ¿°°´§ ¬± ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ Üò¿´¬»®¿¬·±²­ ô ²»©½±²­¬®«½¬·±²¿²¼¼»³±´·¬·±² ·²­«®»¼­¿®»¼»­½®·¾»¼·²Í»½¬·±² Ô ·³·¬­ Ñ
º º±®³ »¼ ¾§ ±®
º±® ¬¸¿¬°»®-±² ±® ײ-«®¿²½»ò ò ر© ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½» ¿°°´·»- © ¸»² ±¬¸»® ·²-«®¿²½»çòß ¼¼·¬·±²¿´×²­«®»¼Ñ ©²»®­ ô Ô »­­»»­ Ñ ®·- ¿ ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´·²-«®»¼ ·- ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² Ý ±²¬®¿½¬±®­Í½¸»¼«´»¼Ð »®­±² Ñ ® Ûò¬¸» Ñ ¬¸»®×²­«®¿²½» Ý ±²¼·¬·±²·² Í»½¬·±² Ñ®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§ ß²¼ Ó »¼·½¿´ Û¨°»²-»- Ù»²»®¿´ Ý ±²¼·¬·±²-ò¿ò Ý òÉ ØÑ ×
ÍßÒ ×ÒÍËÎÛÜ«²¼»®Í»½¬·±² ·-ÙòÔ ×ßÞ × Ô ×ÌÇ ßÒÜÓ
ÛÜ×Ý ßÔÛÈÐÛÒÍÛÍ ø-÷ ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²
ø-÷ ÜÛÚ×
Ò× Ì× ÑÒÍ-¸±© ² ·² ¬¸» Ü»½´¿®¿¬·±²- ¿- ¿² ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ïòþß¼ ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬þ ³ »¿²- ¬¸» © ·¼»-°®»¿¼ °«¾´·½×²­«®»¼Ñ ©²»® ô
Ô »­­»»­ Ñ ® Ý ±²¬®¿½¬±®­ ô º ·²
º±®³ ¿¬·±² ±® ·³ ¿¹»- ¬¸¿¬¾«¬±²´§ © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ´·¿¾·´·¬§ º±® þ¾±¼·´§ º·²¼«½·²¹ ¬¸» -¿´» ± º¹±±¼-ô·²¶«®§þô þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´ ª·½»- ¬¸®±«¹¸
濲¼ ¿¼ ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§þ½¿«-»¼
ô·² © ¸±´» ±® ô ¾§ §±«® ¿½¬- ±® ±³ ·--·±²- ±® ¬¸»¿ò øï÷ ο¼·±å º¬¸±-» ¿½¬·²¹ ±² §±«®øî÷ Ì»´»
ª·-·±²å¾»¸¿´ºæ øí÷ Þ ·´´¾±¿®¼åøï÷ײ ¬¸» °»® º±®³ ¿²½» ± º §±«® ±²¹±·²¹ øì÷
Ó ¿¹¿¦·²» å±°»®¿¬·±²-
º±® ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ øë÷ Ò»© -°¿°»®
å·²-«®»¼ø-÷å±® ò
̸» ײ¬»®²»¬ô ¾«¬ ±²´§ ¬¸¿¬ °¿®¬ ±º ¿ © »¾
øî÷ ײ ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ þ§±«® © ±® µþ -·¬» ¬¸¿¬ ·- ¿¾±«¬ ¹±±¼-ô °®±¼«½¬- ±®°»®º±®³ »¼ º±® ¬¸¿¬ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼-»®ª·½»- º±® ¬¸» °«®°±-»- ±º ·²¼«½·²¹ ¬¸»¿²¼ ·²½´«¼»¼ © ·¬¸·² ¬¸» þ°®±¼«½¬- ó -¿´» ±º¹±±¼- ô°®±¼«½¬- ±®-»®
ª·½»-å±®½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼
þô ¾«¬ ò
ß²§ ±¬¸»® °«¾´·½¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ·- ¹·ª»²±²´§ · º ¬¸·- Ý ±ª»®¿¹» ﮬ °®± ª·¼»-ò½± ª»®¿¹»
º±® þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±®þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ·²½´«¼»¼ © ·¬¸·² ¬¸»Ø±© »ª»®
ôþ¿¼ ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬ þ¼±»- ²±¬·²½´«¼»æþ°®±¼«½¬- ó½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²-¿ ò ̸» ¼»-·¹² ô °®·²¬»¼ ³ ¿¬»®·¿´ ô ·²
º±®³ ¿¬·±²¸¿¦¿®¼þò ±® ·³ ¿¹»- ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ·²
ô ±² ±® «°±² ¬¸»¾ò É ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬¬± ¬¸» ·²-«®¿²½» ¿ºº±®¼»¼ ¬±°¿½µ¿¹·²¹ ±® ´¿¾»´·²¹ ± º ¿²§ ¹±±¼- ±®¬¸»-» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²-«®»¼-ô ¬¸·- ·²-«®¿²½»°®±¼«½¬- å±®¼±»- ²±¬¿°°´§ ¬± þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þôþ°®±°»®¬§¾ ò ß² ·²¬»®¿½¬· ª» ½±²
ª»®-¿¬·±² ¾»¬© »»² ±®¼¿³ ¿¹»þ ±® þ°»®-±²¿´ ¿² ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹¿³ ±²¹ °»®-±²- ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ½±³ °«¬»®²»¬© ±®µò·²¶«®§ þ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»²¼»®·²¹ ±ºô ±® îòþß¼
ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·¼»¿þ ³ »¿²- ¿²§ ·¼»¿ º±® ¿²¬¸» º¿·´«®» ¬± ®»²¼»®ô ¿²§ °®±º»--·±²¿´þ¿¼ ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬þò¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ô »²¹·²»»®·²¹ ±® -«®ª»§·²¹
ª·½»-ô·²½´«¼·²¹æíò þß-¾»-¬±- ¸¿¦¿®¼þ ³ »¿²- ¿² »¨°±-«®» ±®º »¨°±-«®» ¬± ¬¸» ¿½¬«¿´ ±® ¿´´»¹»¼øï÷ ̸» °®»°¿®·²¹ ô¿°°®±ª·²¹ ô±®
º¿·´«®» ¬± º ¿-¾»-¬±- ¿²¼ ·²½´«¼»- ¬¸» ³ »®»°®»°¿®» ±® ¿°°®±ª» ô ³ ¿°- ô -¸±° º¿-¾»-¬±- ·² ¿²§ º±®³ ò¼®¿© ·²¹- ô ±°·²·±²- ô ®»°±®¬- ô -«®ª»§- ôº·»´¼ ±®¼»®-ô½¸¿²¹» ±®¼»®-ô¼»-·¹²- ±®ìò þß«¬±
þ ³ »¿²- ¿ ´¿²¼ ³ ±¬±® ª»¸·½´»ô ¬®¿·´»® ±®
º·½¿¬·±²- å±®-»³ · 󬮿·´»® ¼»-·¹²»¼ º±® ¬®¿ ª»´ ±² °«¾´·½ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿²§ ¿¬¬¿½¸»¼ ³ ¿½¸·²»®§ ±® øî÷ Í«°»® ª·-±®§ ô ·²-°»½¬·±²ô ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ò Þ «¬ þ¿«¬± ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓò ¾ ò̸» ˲·¬»¼ ͬ¿¬»- ± ºß³ »®·½¿ ø·²½´«¼·²¹ ·¬-
DZ« ¸¿ª» º¿·´»¼ ¬± º«´
º·´´ ¬¸» ¬»®³ - ±º ¿ ô
Ы»®¬± η½± ½±²¬®¿½¬±®¿¹®»»³ »²¬ å Ý ¿²¿¼¿å · º-«½¸ °®±°»®¬§ ½¿² ¾» ®»-¬±®»¼ ¬± «-» ¾§æ ò ײ¬»®²¿¬·±²¿´© ¿¬»®- ±®¿·®-°¿½»ô¾«¬±²´§ ·º¿ ò
̸» ®»°¿·®ô ®»°´¿½»³ »²¬
ô ¿¼¶«-¬³ »²¬ ±®¬¸» ·²¶«®§ ±®¼¿³ ¿¹» ±½½«®- ·² ¬¸» ½±«®-»®»³ ±ª¿´± ºþ§±«® °®±¼«½¬þ ±® þ§±«® © ±®
µþå±
º ¬®¿ª»´ ±® ¬®¿²-°±®¬¿¬·±² ¾»¬© »»² ¿²§±®¿ò°´¿½»- ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¿¾± ª»
å ¾ò DZ«® º«´ º·´´·²¹ ¬¸» ¬»®³ - ±
º¬¸» ½±²¬®¿½¬±®½ò
ß´´±¬¸»® °¿®¬- ±º¬¸» © ±®´¼ ·
º¬¸» ·²¶«®§ ±®¿¹®»»³ »²¬ ò¼¿³ ¿¹» ¿®·-»- ±«¬±
ºæ
ïîò
þײ-«®»¼ ½±²¬®¿½¬þ³ »¿²- æøï÷
Ù±±¼- ±®°®±¼«½¬- ³ ¿¼» ±®-±´¼ ¾§ §±«¿ò ß ½±²¬®¿½¬
º±® ¿ ´»¿-» ± º °®»³ ·-»-ò¿ ò·² ¬¸» ¬»®®·¬±®§ ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² ¿¾±ª» å ر© » ª»® ô¬¸¿¬°±®¬·±² ±º¬¸» ½±²¬®¿½¬
º±®¿ øî÷ ̸» ¿½¬·
ª·¬·»- ±º¿ °»®-±² © ¸±-» ¸±³ »´»¿-» ±º °®»³ ·-»- ¬¸¿¬ ·²¼»³ ²· º·»- ¿²§¿·- ·² ¬¸» ¬»®®·¬±®§ ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² ò °»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² º±®¼¿³ ¿¹» ¾§ º·®» ô¿¾±ª» ô¾«¬·- ¿© ¿§
º±®¿ -¸±®¬¬·³ » ±²´·¹¸¬²·²¹ ±® »¨°´±-·±² ¬± °®»³ ·-»- © ¸·´»§±«®¾«-·²»--å±®®»²¬»¼ ¬± §±« ±® ¬»³ °±®¿®·´§ ±½½«°·»¼ ¾§øí÷ þл®-±²¿´ ¿²¼ ¿¼ª»®¬·-·²¹ ·²¶«®§ þ §±« © ·¬¸ °»®³ ·--·±² ±º ¬¸» ±© ²»® ·-
ºº»²-»- ¬¸¿¬ ¬¿ µ» °´¿½» ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» -«¾¶»½¬ ¬± ¬¸»
Ü¿³ ¿¹» ̱
Ю»³ ·-»-º 벬»¼ ̱ DZ« ´·³ ·¬¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² Í»½¬·±² Üò½±³³«²·½¿¬·±² Ô ·¿¾·´·¬§¿²¼ Ó »¼·½¿´ Û ¨°»²­»­
Ô ·³·¬­ º×²-«®¿²½» ò°®± ª·¼»¼ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼
ù- ®»-°±²-·¾·´·¬§ ¬± °¿§ò¼¿³ ¿¹»- ·- ¼»¬»®³ ·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» ˲·¬»¼ ͬ¿¬»- ±º ß -·¼»¬®¿½ µ ¿¹®»»³ »²¬å ß³ »®·½¿ ø·²½´«¼·²¹ ·¬- ¬»®®·¬±®·»- ¿²¼½
ò
ß²§ »¿-»³ »²¬ ±® ´·½»²-» ¿¹®»»³ »²¬ô°±--»--·±²-÷ ô
Ы»®¬± η½± ±® Ý ¿²¿¼¿ô ·² ¿·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿² »¿-»³ »²¬ ±® ´·½»²-»þ-«·¬ þ ±² ¬¸» ³ »®·¬- ¿½½±®¼·²¹ ¬± ¬¸»¿¹®»»³ »²¬·² ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ ½±²-¬®«½¬·±²-«¾-¬¿²¬·ª» ´¿© ·² -«½¸ ¬»®®·¬±®§ ô ±® ·² ¿±® ¼»³ ±´·¬·±² ±°»®¿¬·±²- ±² ±® © ·¬¸·²
ëð-»¬¬´»³ »²¬© » ¿¹®»» ¬±ò º»»¬±º¿ ®¿·´®±¿¼
åéò þÛ´»½¬®±²·½ ¼¿¬¿þ ³ »¿²- ·² º±®³ ¿¬·±² ô º¿½¬- ±®¼òß²§ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±²ô ¿- ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾§ ±®¼·²¿²½»ô°®±¹®¿³ - æ ¬± ·²¼»³ ²· º§ ¿ ³ «²·½·°¿´·¬§ ô »¨½»°¬ ·²ò ͬ±®»¼ ¿- ±®±²å ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ © ±® µ
º±®¿ ³ «²·½·°¿´·¬§å ò Ý ®»¿¬»¼ ±®«-»¼ ±²
å±®» ò
ß² »´»ª¿¬±®³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ¿¹®»»³ »²¬å±®
ò Ì®¿²-³ ·¬¬»¼ ¬± ±®º®±³
ºò ̸¿¬ °¿®¬ ±
º ¿²§ ±¬¸»® ½±²¬®¿½¬ ±®º¬© ¿®»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ -§-¬»³ - ¿²¼ø·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿² ·²¼»³ ²· º·½¿¬·±² ± º ¿¿°°´·½¿¬·±²- -± º¬© ¿®»ô ¸¿®¼ ±® º´±°°§ ¼·-
µ- ô µÝ ÜóÎÑ ÓÍô ¬¿°»-
ô ¼®·ª»-ô ½»´´- ô ¼¿¬¿ º±®³ »¼ º±® ¿ ³ «²·½·°¿´·¬§÷ «²¼»® © ¸·½¸°®±½»--·²¹ ¼»ª·½»- ±® ¿²§ ±¬¸»® ³ »¼·¿ © ¸·½¸ º ¿²±¬¸»®¿®» «-»¼ © ·¬¸ »´»½¬®±²·½¿´´§ ½±²¬®±´´»¼º±®þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§»¯«·°³ »²¬ò þ¬± ¿ ¬¸·®¼ °»®-±² ±®±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±²
ôèòþÛ³ °´±§»»þ ·²½´«¼»- ¿ þ´»¿-»¼ © ±®µ»®þò °®± ª·¼»¼ ¬¸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ±® ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓøï÷ øï÷ ̸¿¬ ·²¼»³ ²· º·»- ¿² ¿®½¸·¬»½¬ô б© »® ½®¿²»- ô -¸±
ª»´- ô ´±¿¼»®-ô
ª»§±® º±® ·²¶«®§ ±® ¼·¹¹»®- ±®¼®·´´-å±® ºæ øî÷
α¿¼ ½±²-¬®«½¬·±² ±® ®»-«® º¿½·²¹
ø¿÷ Ю»°¿®·²¹ ô ¿°°®± ª·²¹ ±® º¿·´·²¹ ¬± »¯«·°³ »²¬ -«½¸ ¿- ¹®¿¼»®-ô -½®¿°»®-ª» ³ ¿°-ô -¸±° ±®®±´´»®- å ô ±°·²·±²- ô ®»°±®¬- ô » ò ¿ ò ¾
ò ½
ò ¼
òÊ »¸·½´»- ²±¬ ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² ô ô ô ±®-«® ª»§-
ô º·»´¼ ±®¼»®-ô ½¸¿²¹»¿¾± ª» ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ²±¬-»´
ºó°®±°»´´»¼ ¿²¼ ¿®»±®¼»®- ô ¼»-·¹²- ±® ¼®¿© ·²¹- ¿²¼³ ¿·²¬¿·²»¼ °®·³ ¿®·´§ ¬± °®± ª·¼» ³ ±¾·´·¬§ ¬±-°»½· º·½¿¬·±²- å±®°»®³ ¿²»²¬´§ ¿¬¬¿½¸»¼ »¯«·°³ »²¬ ± º ¬¸» ø¾÷ Ù· ª·²¹ ¼·®»½¬·±²- ±® ·²-¬®«½¬·±²-
ô º±´´±© ·²¹ ¬§°»- æ
º¿·´·²¹ ¬± ¹·ª» ¬¸»³
ô· º¬¸¿¬·- ¬¸»
øï÷ ß·® ½±³ °®»--±®-ô °«³ °- ¿²¼°®·³ ¿®§ ½¿«-» ±º ¬¸» ·²¶«®§ ±®¹»²»®¿¬±®-ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ -°®¿§·²¹ ô¼¿³ ¿¹»å±®© »´¼·²¹ ô ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½´»¿²·²¹ô øî÷ ˲¼»® © ¸·½¸ ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼
ô ·
º ¿² ¹»±°¸§-·½¿´ »¨°´±®¿¬·±²ô ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ¿²¼
ô »²¹·²»»® ±® -«®ª»§±®ô © »´´-»®ª·½·²¹ »¯«·°³ »²¬å±® º±® ¿² ·²¶«®§ ±® øî÷ Ý ¸»®®§ °·½
µ»®- ¿²¼ -·³ ·´¿® ¼»ª·½»-¼¿³ ¿¹» ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ±º ¬¸» ·²-«®»¼ ù-«-»¼ ¬± ®¿·-» ±®´±© »®© ±®µ»®- å®»²¼»®·²¹ ±® º¿·´«®» ¬± ®»²¼»®ºò ¿ ò ¾ ò ½ ò ¼òÊ »¸·½´»- ²±¬ ¼»-½®·¾»¼ ·² ô
ô ô ±®°®±
º»--·±²¿´-»®ª·½»-ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸±-»¿¾±ª» ³ ¿·²¬¿·²»¼ °®·³ ¿®·´§ º±® °«®°±-»- øï÷´·-¬»¼ ·² ¿¾±ª» ¿²¼ -«°»®ª·-±®§ ô ±¬¸»®¬¸¿² ¬¸» ¬®¿²-°±®¬¿¬·±² ±º°»®-±²- ±®·²-°»½¬·±²ô ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ±®½¿®¹± ò»²¹·²»»®·²¹ ¿½¬·
ª·¬·»- ò ر© » ª»®ô -»´ºó°®±°»´´»¼ ª»¸·½´»- © ·¬¸ ¬¸»
ïíò þÔ »¿-»¼ © ±® µ»® þ ³ »¿²- ¿ °»®-±² ´»¿-»¼ ¬±º±´´±© ·²¹ ¬§°»- ± º °»®³ ¿²»²¬´§ ¿¬¬¿½¸»¼§±« ¾§ ¿ ´¿¾±® ´»¿-·²¹ º·®³ «²¼»® ¿²»¯«·°³ »²¬¿®» ²±¬ þ³ ±¾·´» »¯«·°³ »²¬þ ¾«¬¿¹®»»³ »²¬¾»¬© »»² §±« ¿²¼ ¬¸» ´¿¾±®´»¿-·²¹© ·´´¾» ½±²-·¼»®»¼ þ¿«¬±- þ溷®³ ô¬± °»®º±®³ ¼«¬·»- ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ½±²¼«½¬±
º øï÷ Û¯«·°³ »²¬ ô ±
º ¿¬ ´»¿-¬ ïôððð °±«²¼-§±«® ¾«-·²»--ò þÔ »¿-»¼ © ±®
µ»® þ ¼±»- ²±¬
ª»¸·½´» © »·¹¸¬ô ¼»-·¹²»¼·²½´«¼» ¿ þ¬»³ °±®¿®§ © ±®
µ»®þò º±® æïìòþÔ ±¿¼·²¹ ±® «²´±¿¼·²¹
þ ³ »¿²- ¬¸» ¸¿²¼´·²¹ ±º ø¿÷ Ͳ±© ®»³ ±ª¿´ å°®±°»®¬§ æ
ø¾÷
α¿¼ ³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½»ô ¾«¬ ²±¬¿
ò ߺ¬»®·¬·- ³ ± ª»¼ º®±³ ¬¸» °´¿½» © ¸»®» ·¬·-º¿½·²¹å±®¿½½»°¬»¼ º±® ³ ± ª»³ »²¬ ·²¬± ±® ±²¬± ¿² º¬ ô© ¿¬»®½®¿
º¬±®þ¿«¬±
þå ø½÷ ͬ®»»¬½´»¿²·²¹ åò É ¸·´» ·¬·- ·² ±®±² ¿² ¿·®½®¿
º¬ ô© ¿¬»®½®¿º¬±® øî÷
Ý ¸»®®§ °·½µ»®- ¿²¼ -·³ ·´¿® ¼» ª·½»-
þ¿«¬±þå±®³ ±«²¬»¼ ±² ¿«¬±³ ±¾·´» ±® ¬®«½µ ò É ¸·´» ·¬ ·- ¾»·²¹ ³ ± ª»¼
º®±³ ¿² ¿·®½®¿º¬ ô µ»®- 忲¼© ¿¬»®½®¿º¬±®þ¿«¬±þ¬± ¬¸» °´¿½» © ¸»®» ·¬·- ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓò ̸» © ®±²¹ º«´» ª·½¬·±² º®±³
ô© ®±²¹ º«´»²¬®§ É ±®
µ ¬¸¿¬³ ¿§ ²»»¼ -»® ª·½»
ô³ ¿·²¬»²¿²½» ô
ô ±® ·² ª¿-·±² ±º ¬¸» ®·¹¸¬ ± º °®· ª¿¬» ½±®®»½¬·±² ô ®»°¿·® ±® ®»°´¿½»³ »²¬ ô ¾«¬
º ¿ ®±±³ ô ¼© »´´·²¹ ±® © ¸·½¸ ·- ±¬¸»®© ·-» ½±³ °´»¬»ô © ·´´ ¾» ô ¬®»¿¬»¼ ¿- ½±³ °´»¬»¼ ò º ±
º ·¬- ±© ²»® ô
̸» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±® þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ´¿²¼´±®¼ ±®´»--±®å ³ «-¬ ±½½«® ¿© ¿§ º®±³ °®»³ ·-»- §±« ±© ² ò Ñ ®¿´ ô © ®·¬¬»² ±® »´»½¬®±²·½ °«¾´·½¿¬·±² ± º ±® ®»²¬ ô«²´»-- §±«®¾«-·²»-- ·²½´«¼»- ¬¸»ô ¸¿²¼´·²¹ ±® ¼·-¬®·¾«¬·±² ±º þ§±«® ù- ±® °®±¼«½¬þº±®½±²-«³ °¬·±² ±² °®»³ ·-»- §±« ù- ¹±±¼- ô°®±¼«½¬- ±®-»®ª·½»- å ±© ² ±®®»²¬ ò ò ¾
òÑ ®¿´
ô © ®·¬¬»² ±® »´»½¬®±²·½ °«¾´·½¿¬·±² ±º ܱ»- ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§ þ ±®ª·±´¿¬»- ¿ °»®-±²ù- ®·¹¸¬ ± º þ°®±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬±ºæ
ª¿½§å øï÷
̸» ¬®¿²-°±®¬¿¬·±² ±º°®±°»®¬§ ô«²´»--ºò Ý ±°§·²¹
ô ·² §±«® þ¿¼
ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬þô ¿¬¸» ·²¶«®§ ±® ¼¿³ ¿¹» ¿®·-»- ±«¬ ±º ¿þ¿¼ ª»®¬·­·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±² ·² ±®±² ¿ ª»¸·½´» ²±¬±© ²»¼þ±®-¬§´» ± ºþ¿¼ ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬ þå ±®±°»®¿¬»¼ ¾§ §±«ô¿²¼ ¬¸¿¬½±²¼·¬·±² þ´±¿¼·²¹ ±®¹ ò ײ º®·²¹»³ »²¬± º½±°§®·¹¸¬ô-´±¹¿² ô±®¬·¬´» ±
º þ ± º ¬¸¿¬ ª»¸·½´» ¾§ ¿²§¿²§ ´·¬»®¿®§ ±® ¿®¬·-¬·½ © ±®µô ·² §±«® å±®
þ¿¼ª»®¬·-»³ »²¬þå±® øî÷ ̸» »¨·-¬»²½» ±
º ¬±±´-ô «²·²-¬¿´´»¼¸ò Ü·-½®·³ ·²¿¬·±² ±®¸«³ ·´·¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬®»-«´¬- ·²º»»´·²¹- ±® ®»°«¬¿¬·±² ±º ¿ ò²¿¬«®¿´°»®-±² ò îðòþЮ±°»®¬§ ¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ³ »¿²-
æïèòþб´´«¬¿²¬-þ ³ »¿²- ¿²§ -±´·¼ô´·¯«·¼ô¹¿-»±«- ±®ô·²½´«¼·²¹ -³ ± µ» ô ¿ ò и§-·½¿´ ·²¶«®§ ¬± ¬¿²¹·¾´» °®±°»®¬§ô ª¿°±®ô-±±¬ôº«³ »- ô¿½·¼-ô¿´
µ¿´·-ô½¸»³ ·½¿´- ¿²¼·²½´«¼·²¹ ¿´´ ®»-«´¬·²¹ ´±-- ±º «-» ±º ¬¸¿¬ò É ¿-¬» ·²½´«¼»- ³ ¿¬»®·¿´- ¬± ¾» ®»½§½´»¼ô °®±°»®¬§ò ß´´ -«½¸ ´±-- ±º «-» -¸¿´´ ¾» ò ¼»»³ »¼ ¬± ±½½«® ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬·³ » ± º ¬¸» å±® ïçò
þЮ±¼«½¬-ó½±³ °´»¬»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±²- ¸¿¦¿®¼
þå òÔ ±-- ±º«-» ±º¬¿²¹·¾´» °®±°»®¬§ ¬¸¿¬·- ²±¬¿
ò ײ½´«¼»- ¿´´ þ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þ ¿²¼
þ°®±°»®¬§ òß´´ -«½¸ ´±-- ±
º «-»¼¿³ ¿¹»
þ ±½½«®®·²¹ ¿© ¿§ º®±³ °®»³ ·-»-º§±« ±© ² ±® ®»²¬ ¿²¼ ¿®·-·²¹ ±«¬ ± º þ§±«®þ±½½«®®»²½»
þ¬¸¿¬½¿«-»¼ ·¬
ò°®±¼«½¬þ±® þ§±«®© ±®
µþ»¨½»°¬ æß- «-»¼ ·² ¬¸·- ¼»
º·²·¬·±² ô
þ»´»½¬®±²·½ ¼¿¬¿þ ·- øï÷ Ю±¼«½¬- ¬¸¿¬¿®» -¬·´´·² §±«®°¸§-·½¿´ ò°±--»--·±²å±® îïò þÍ«·¬
þ ³ »¿²- ¿ ½·ª·´ °®±½»»¼·²¹ ·² © ¸·½¸øî÷ É ±®µ ¬¸¿¬¸¿- ²±¬§»¬¾»»² ½±³ °´»¬»¼ ºþ¾±¼·´§ ·²¶«®§þôþ°®±°»®¬§±® ¿¾¿²¼±²»¼ò ÞËÍ× ÒÛÍÍÔ ×ßÞ ×Ô × ÌÇÝ ÑÊ ÛÎßÙÛ
ÚÑÎÓò øî÷ ܱ²¿¬»- ¸·- ±®¸»®© ±®
µå̸» °®±ª·¼·²¹ ±
º ±® º¿·´«®» ¬± °®± ª·¼»
ò½ò ß½¬- ¿¬ ¬¸» ¼·®»½¬·±² ±
º ¿²¼ © ·¬¸·² ¬¸»
ò-½±°» ± º¼«¬·»- ¼»¬»®³ ·²»¼ ¾§ §±«å¿²¼ ܱ»- ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» ª»²¼·²¹ ³ ¿½¸·²»- ±®ò ×- ²±¬ °¿·¼ ¿ º»» ô -¿´¿®§ ±® ±¬¸»® ±¬¸»® °®±°»®¬§ ®»²¬»¼ ¬± ±® ´±½¿¬»¼ º±® ¬¸» º±® «-» ± º±¬¸»®- ¾«¬²±¬-±´¼ò µ °»® º±®³ »¼ º±®§±«
ò îëò þDZ«®© ±® µþæ
îìò þDZ«®°®±¼«½¬þæ ¿ ò Ó »¿²-æ ò
Ó »¿²-
æ øï÷ É ±®µ ±® ±°»®¿¬·±²- °»® º±®³ »¼ ¾§ §±«
øï÷ ß²§ ¹±±¼- ±®°®±¼«½¬-ô±¬¸»®¬¸¿² ®»¿´ ±®±² §±«®¾»¸¿´ ºå¿²¼ ô³ ¿²« º¿½¬«®»¼ ô-±´¼ô¸¿²¼´»¼
ô øî÷ Ó ¿¬»®·¿´- ô °¿®¬- ±® »¯«·°³ »²¬¼·-¬®·¾«¬»¼ ±®¼·-°±-»¼ ± º¾§ æ
º«®²·-¸»¼ ·² ½±²²»½¬·±² © ·¬¸ -«½¸ © ±® µ ø¿÷
DZ« å ±®±°»®¿¬·±²-ò ø¾÷ ¾ òÑ ¬¸»®- ¬®¿¼·²¹ «²¼»® §±«® ²¿³ » å ײ½´«¼»- æ
øï÷
É ¿®®¿²¬·»- ±®®»°®»-»²¬¿¬·±²- ³ ¿¼» ¿¬ø½÷ ß °»®-±² ±® ±®¹¿²·¦¿¬·±² © ¸±-» ¿²§ ¬·³ » © ·¬¸ ®»-°»½¬ ¬± ¬¸» º·¬²»--ô
ª» ¯«¿´·¬§
ô¼«®¿¾·´·¬§ ô°»®
º±®³ ¿²½» ±® «-»å¿²¼ ±
ºþ§±«®© ±®µþ忲¼øî÷ øî÷ Ý ±²¬¿·²»®- ø±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ª»¸·½´»-÷ô

CERTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE

DATE ( MM/ DD/ YYYY)
08/ 31/ 2021
THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER.

THIS CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AFFIRMATIVELY OR NEGATIVELY AMEND, EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES BELOW. THIS CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A CONTRACT BETWEEN THE ISSUING INSURER( S), AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OR PRODUCER, AND THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER.

IMPORTANT: If the certificate holder is an ADDITIONAL INSURED, the policy( ies) must be endorsed. If SUBROGATIONIS WAIVED, subject to the terms and conditions of the policy, certain policies may require an endorsement. A statement on this certificate does not confer rights to the certificate holder in lieu of such endorsement( s).

PRODUCER

USI INSURANCE SERVICES LLC
72250809
The Hartford Business Service Center
3600 Wiseman Blvd
San Antonio, TX 78251

CONTACT
NAME:

PHONE
A/ C, No, Ext):
877) 532- 3486 FAX
A/ C, No):
888) 443- 6112

E- MAIL
ADDRESS:

INSURER( S) AFFORDING COVERAGE NAIC#

INSURED

NETZEL GRIGSBY ASSOCIATES INC
PO BOX 5122
CULVER CITY CA 90231- 5122
INSURER A : Hartford Casualty Insurance Company 29424
INSURER B :

INSURER C :

INSURER D :

INSURER E :

INSURER F :

COVERAGES CERTIFICATE NUMBER: REVISION NUMBER:

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE POLICIES OF INSURANCE LISTED BELOW HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED ABOVE FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REQUIREMENT, TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THIS

CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY PERTAIN, THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, EXCLUSIONS AND CONDITIONS OF SUCH POLICIES. LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS.

INSR
LTR

TYPE OF INSURANCE ADDL
INSR
SUBR
WVD

POLICY NUMBER POLICY EFF

MM/ DD/ YYYY)

POLICY EXP

MM/ DD/ Y YYY)
LIMITS

COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY EACH OCCURRENCE

CLAIMS- MADE OCCUR DAMAGE TO RENTED
PREMISES ( Ea occurrence)
MED EXP ( Any one person)

PERSONAL & ADV INJURY
GEN' L AGGREGATE LIMIT APPLIES PER: GENERAL AGGREGATE

POLICY PRO-
JECT

LOC PRODUCTS - COMP/ OP AGG
OTHER:

AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY COMBINED SINGLE LIMIT
Ea accident)
ANY AUTO BODILY INJURY ( Per person)

ALL OWNED
AUTOS

SCHEDULED
AUTOS
BODILY INJURY ( Per accident)
HIRED
AUTOS

NON- OWNED
AUTOS

PROPERTY DAMAGE
Per accident)

UMBRELLA LIAB

EXCESS LIAB
OCCUR

CLAIMS-
MADE

EACH OCCURRENCE

AGGREGATE
DED RETENTION $
A

WORKERS COMPENSATION

AND EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY
ANY

PROPRIETOR/ PARTNER/ EXECUTIVE
OFFICER/ MEMBER EXCLUDED?
Mandatory in NH)
If yes, describe under
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS below
N/ A X 72 WEC KU2071 03/11/ 2021 03/11/ 2022
X
PER

STATUTE
OTH-
ER
Y/ N E. L. EACH ACCIDENT $ 1, 000,000
E. L. DISEASE - EA EMPLOYEE $ 1, 000,000
E. L. DISEASE - POLICY LIMIT $ 1, 000,000
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS / LOCATIONS / VEHICLES ( ACORD 101, Additional Remarks Schedule, may be attached if more space is required) Those usual to the Insured' s Operations. The City of Cupertino, its City Council, officers, officials, employees, agents, servants and volunteers are to be covered as additional insureds on the CGL and automobile liability policies with respect to liability arising out of the Services performed by or on behalf of Contractor including materials, parts, or equipment furnished.

CERTIFICATE HOLDER CANCELLATION
City of Cupertino
10300 TORRE AVE
CUPERTINO CA 95014- 3202

SHOULD ANY OF THE ABOVE DESCRIBED POLICIES BE CANCELLED

BEFORE THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF, NOTICE WILL BE DELIVERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE POLICY PROVISIONS.

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
1988- 2015 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

ACORD 25 ( 2016/ 03) The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD ACORD 101 ( 2014/ 01)© 2014 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD
AGENCY CUSTOMER ID:

LOC# :

ADDITIONAL REMARKS SCHEDULE Page 2 of 2
AGENCY

USI INSURANCE SERVICES LLC

NAMED INSURED

NETZEL GRIGSBY ASSOCIATES INC
PO BOX 5122
CULVER CITY CA 90231- 5122

POLICY NUMBER
SEE ACORD 25

CARRIER
SEE ACORD 25

NAIC CODE
EFFECTIVE DATE: SEE ACORD 25

ADDITIONAL REMARKS

THIS ADDITIONAL REMARKS FORM IS A SCHEDULE TO ACORD FORM FORM NUMBER: ACORD 25 FORM TITLE: CERTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE Waiver of Subrogation applies in favor of the Certificate Holder per Waiver of our Right to Recover from Others Endorsement WC000313 ( or the state specific WOS form # ) attached to this policy. Notice of Cancellation will be provided in accordance with Form WC990394, attached to this policy.

NetzelGrigsbyAssocfor FundraisingPlanning
Servicesfor JollymanAll-InclusivePlayground
Final Audit Report 2021- 10-13
Created: 2021-10-11
By: City of Cupertino ([email protected])
Status: Signed
Transaction ID: CBJCHBCAABAAng9tBxVaJEgjiCGGkOAkBoDvQBHjvrY4 NetzelGrigsbyAssocfor FundraisingPlanningServicesfor Joll ymanAll-InclusivePlayground" History
Documentcreatedby Cityof Cupertino ([email protected]) 2021-10-11 - 9:32:52 PM GMT- IP address: 35.229.54.2
Documentemailedto JuliaKinst ([email protected]) for approval 2021-10-11 - 9:35:11 PM GMT
Document approved by Julia Kinst ([email protected]) Approval Date: 2021-10-11 - 9:35:46 PM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 216. 198.111.214 Documentemailedto AraceliAlejandre ([email protected]) for approval 2021-10-11 - 9:35:49 PM GMT
Documentapprovedby AraceliAlejandre ([email protected]) Approval Date: 2021-10-11 - 10:05:13 PM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 73.170.27.253 Documentemailedto PaulNetzel ([email protected]) for signature 2021-10-11 - 10:05:16 PM GMT
Cityof Cupertino ([email protected]) replacedsignerPaulNetzel ([email protected]) withW.

JayGrigsby ([email protected])
2021-10-11 - 10:17:15 PM GMT- IP address: 216.198. 111.214 Documentemailedto W. JayGrigsby ([email protected]) for signature 2021-10-11 - 10:17:15 PM GMT
Emailviewedby W. JayGrigsby ([email protected]) 2021-10-12 - 1:41:18 AM GMT- IP address: 107.185.217.170 Documente-signedby W. JayGrigsby ([email protected]) Signature Date: 2021-10-12 - 1:46:21 AM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 107.185.217.170 Document emailed to Christopher D. Jensen ([email protected]) for signature 2021-10-12 - 1:46:22 AM GMT
Emailviewedby ChristopherD. Jensen ([email protected]) 2021-10-12 - 2:37:21 AM GMT- IP address: 136.24.42.212
Documente-signedby ChristopherD. Jensen ([email protected]) Signature Date: 2021-10-12 - 2:42:06 AM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 136.24.42.212 Documentemailedto SusanMichael ([email protected]) for signature 2021-10-12 - 2:42:08 AM GMT
Emailviewedby SusanMichael ([email protected])
2021-10-12 - 3:06:47 AM GMT- IP address: 73.93.154. 130 Documente-signedby SusanMichael ([email protected])
Signature Date: 2021-10-13 - 3:32:20 PM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 73.223.82.69 Document emailed to Kirsten Squarcia ([email protected]) for signature 2021-10-13 - 3:32:23 PM GMT
Emailviewedby KirstenSquarcia ([email protected])
2021-10-13 - 3:53:42 PM GMT- IP address: 104.47.74.126
Documente-signedby KirstenSquarcia ([email protected]) Signature Date: 2021-10-13 - 3:53:51 PM GMT - Time Source: server- IP address: 69.110. 137.176 Agreementcompleted.
2021-10-13 - 3:53:51 PM GMT
Library Services
Budget Unit 100-60-636
General Fund - Parks and Recreation - Library Services
Budget at a Glance
2023 Adopted Budget
Total Revenues
$
-
Total Expenditures
$ 600,266
Fund Balance
$
-
General Fund Costs
$ 600,266
% Funded by General Fund
100.0%
Total Staffing
FTE
Program Overview
This budget augments the existing library service currently provided to our community through the Santa Clara County (SCC) Library Joint Powers Authority.

Service Objectives
Provide increased library service for our constituents through support of 12 additional operational hours per week.

Explore partnerships with the SCC Library for recreation and community programs.

Adopted Budget
On June 9, 2022, City Council approved a budget of $600,266 for the Library Services program. This represents a decrease of $5,262 (-0.9%) from the FY 2021-22 Adopted Budget.

This budget is relatively unchanged from last fiscal year.

Revenues and Expenditures
The following table details revenues, expenditures, changes in fund balance and General Fund costs by
category. It includes actuals for two prior fiscal years, the Adopted Budget for the prior fiscal year, and the
Adopted Budget for the current
fiscal year.

FY 2022-23 Adopted Budget
Parks and Recreation
351
Category
2020 Actual
2021 Actual
2022 Adopted Budget
2023 Adopted Budget
Revenues
Total Revenues
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
Expenditures
Contract Services
$ 117,000
$
-
$ 371,738
$ 419,452
Cost Allocation
$ 681,040
$ 198,415
$ 233,790
$ 180,814
Total Expenditures
$ 798,040
$ 198,415
$ 605,528
$ 600,266
Fund Balance
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
-
General Fund Costs
$ 798,040
$ 198,415
$ 605,528
$ 600,266
Staffing
There is no staffing associated with this program.

FY 2022-23 Adopted Budget
Parks and Recreation
352
CC 05-02-2023

#13

Confidential Report:

Review of potential
violations of the City of
Cupertino Municipal Code
and City policies

Written Communications
From: Darcy Paul
To: [email protected]
Cc: Pamela Wu; Christopher Jensen; City Clerk
Subject: Your email
Date: Monday, April 24, 2023 9:09:20 AM
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Dear Ms. Daube,
I received your email to my work account sent mid-afternoon on Friday (4/21/2023), asking for a meeting with me this upcoming week, in relation to an investigation that you have been retained to conduct, which in turn is based upon direction by the current City Council majority of Cupertino to investigate the prior Council.

Please use this email account ([email protected]) for any correspondence pertaining to my prior role as an elected official. I kept my work email as well as my personal emails separate from any communications related to my role as a Councilmember when I was in elected office, and I will continue to do so.

As to your request, I am happy to answer written questions, but my schedule is full. I am not available to meet this upcoming week due to several work-related commitments.

Please send any questions you have to this email account and I will endeavor to respond to them.

I would also like to add the following statement to this first correspondence. Overall, I find this course of action taken by the new Council majority extremely disappointing. I understand that this has no bearing upon your retention or your integrity. You have been retained to do a job, and I appreciate that fact.

At the same time, when a political majority asks for an investigation like this, it is not only without precedence in the City of Cupertino, it is also in my opinion requested by the very group that should be investigated.

Overwhelming amounts of special-interest dollars have over the years attempted to wield grossly disproportionate amounts of financial influence over our elections. Unfortunately, as a result of these activities, rather than focusing upon the work, the focus has been upon discrimination-fueled persecution of those doing the work of reading, objective thinking and the sharing of opinions and perspectives without fear of undue political or monetarily-based reprisal. Unfortunately, the truth of the matter is that such reprisal does indeed exist, and it exists in full force as reflected by actions of a new (and narrow) political majority.

I do welcome the opportunity to have a meaningful and fair dialog. That approach was what I worked and sacrificed for during my time in public office. I think that as a result our community did very well, because people and entities who engaged with this approach realized that this was not about short-term superficial gains by sacrificing substance, but about the intrinsic value of ensuring integrity of process, consideration, and delivery of implementation. My concerns are that, now, the work of the public has been attacked not for legitimate reasons related to the details and challenges of democratic governance, but for political purposes grounded in superficial optics and maneuvering devoid of any real redeeming thoughts.

I’ll also say that I put in a lot of time and effort to do the work of the public while I was in elected office. As such, I look forward to opportunities to reflect upon that work within a forum designed to weigh that work and the processes espoused by it objectively. In that regard, I hope that we can engage in a productive discussion and be part of a commonly understood process geared towards improving the system which we have the privilege of collectively crafting, rather than taking what I perceive to be dishonest shortcuts grounded more basically and perhaps exclusively in efforts to browbeat and take undue advantage as an extension of an approach that foregoes the actual work of public office. If a thoughtful dialog is what is sought, I can and most certainly will keep providing such.

Scheduling commitments might preclude me from responding timely in accordance with the constraints of your working timetable on this project, which, as directed by a 3-2 majority of the current City Council, does not seem to have any defined parameters beyond being an extension of mindless pay-for-play politics.

Copied on the email are the City Manager Pamela Wu, as well as the City Attorney Chris Jensen. I am blind copying the City Council so that replies to all do not inadvertently create a serial communication. I am also emailing the City Clerk’s general account with the request that this email be added to the public record of the next regularly scheduled City Council meeting.

Since I left office, I have done my best to respect the space of a new composition of the Council, and while admittedly this is consistent with my limited bandwidth due to work-related commitments, I also feel quite strongly that it is important to convey the message contained here. I wish and hope that people tasked with doing the work of the public and who have been given the substantial responsibility of representing our electorate take this role seriously, study the issues with humility, and act accordingly with a realization that the work of public office in our society is neither glorious nor fun; it is certainly not vindictive. When we lose sight of the fact that the elected job is grounded in self-sacrifice, listening, and thoughtful engagement, then we are implementing a very different system than the one that we aspire to deliver.

Thanks again for reaching out. Have a nice weekend, and I look forward to our further dialog. -Darcy
Sent from my iPhone
CC 05-02-2023

#14

Council Report, Moore

Written Communication
1 CITY COUNCIL ACTIVITY REPORT Meeting: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 Reporting Councilmember: Councilmember Kitty Moore Report Activity Dates: 4/5/2023 to 4/30/2023 Event Date, Title, and Description: April 5, 2023, Discover Stanford for You: Preventing Housing Displacement – One Family at a Time. End of COVID protections: funds and arguments which protected families struggling with rent payments resulting in housing displacement. Discussion of how Legal Aid Society of San Mateo County (and Law Foundation of Silicon Valley) help with housing displacement. April 6, 2023, Santa Clara Valley Water Water Ambassador Program, Moore initiatied – application approved by SCVW BOD member. Attending multi-week course on water challenges, role of Valley Water, Valley Water Projects, and Organizational structure. Course begins today. April 8, 2023, Cupertino Big Bunny Fun Run! Participated in the 5K, helped Parks and Recreation Staff give out all of the prize medals, placed 3rd for age group : ) Great and healthy fun for the community! April 10, 2023, CPUC meeting, voluntary attendance. April 12, 2023, Santa Clara Valley Water Commission, Chair was unable to attend, as Vice Chair I ran the meeting. We had a robust discussion on the water rates and proposed rate hikes and recommended the BOD not approve the rate hike, elected to hold the August meeting and will hold it at the Advanced Water Purification Center. April 13, 2023, Apple site visit RE Agenda item project on Vallco Parkway and Tantau.

April 16, 2023, Continuing Environmental Studies program: Environmental Resource Management and Pollution Prevention: Energy, Chemicals and Waste April 20, 2023, Santa Clara Valley Water Water Ambassador Program, Moore initiatied – application approved by SCVW BOD member. Attending multi-week course on water challenges, role of Valley Water, Valley Water Projects, and Organizational structure. Deep dive into the water system. April 22, 2023 Attended Cupertino Earth Day from 11-2:20pm and visited many booths and collected lots of information. Great to see the event growing from last year! Cupertino has a lot to be proud of regarding Bird Safe/Dark Skies, Single Use Plastics, Climate Action 2.0, Reach Codes, and more! April 24, 2023 Attended Senator Josh Becker and San Jose Mayor Matt Mahan’s press conference in support of Transitional Housing SB 643 to help provide sites for transitional homeless housing as a step to permanent housing. April 26, 2023 Attended Supervisor Simitian’s 8th Lehigh Cement Plant and Quarry Community meeting. Of note was the mention of a 15 M gallon spill of potable water in 2022. (That is equivalent to 46 acre-ft which is 46 times the amount of water an average family of 4 would use inside and outside in a year). Efforts underway to ensure that the plant is permanently closed and begin remediation. April 27, 2023 Attended Santa Clara County Homelessness Prevention meeting by Destination Home. Santa Clara County Homelessness Prevention System (HPS). Emergency financial assistance was analyzed and found to be very effective. HPS has had to turn away about 2/3ds of the people seeking assistance due to lacking capacity. Since starting the Eviction Diversion and Settlement Program in April 2022, they have served 167 cases, $2.9 M award, $17,608 average award per household, demand is great. Average rent for HPS participants is $1,987/month which is an increase of 12% YOY. More than half of the households HPS serves were not earning enough income to cover their monthly rent. More cost effective to prevent homelessness than to provide for homeless. Needs more funding, Measure A does not apply to this program. April 29, 2023 Attended Cherry Blossom Festival and toured all of the indoor exhibits. Very well-attended and organized! April 29, 2023 Attended the Grand Opening of Berraco Coffee at Stevens Creek Blvd. and S. Tantau across from Main Street Cupertino. This new shop is one-of-a-kind and features specialty coffee.

April 30, 2023 Ongoing Environmental Studies Environmental Resource Management and Pollution Provention: Energy, Chemicals and Waste, this week’s topic: Solid and Medical Waste Management: Legal and Technical Aspects. Very timely subject which included an overview of MRFs and Santa Clara County landfills with multiple videos on waste processing.