Minutes — Desert Hot Springs City Council, December 6, 2022 (part 4 of 8)

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Strip Mall Other commercial A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Strip Mall Stand-alone retail
refrigerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00
Strip Mall Walk-in refrigerators
and freezers
R-404A 3,922 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Electric Average 4.00 4.00 200 0.37

5.15.2. Mitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Electric Average 4.00 4.00 200 0.37

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Year Horsepower Load Factor

5.16.2. Process Boilers
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day) Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr)

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Equipment Type Fuel Type
— —

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1.2. Mitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1.2. Mitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year) Page 419 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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5.18.2.2. Mitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)

6. Climate Risk Detailed Report

6.1. Climate Risk Summary
Cal-Adapt midcentury 2040–2059 average projections for four hazards are reported below for your project location. These are under Representation Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 which assumes GHG emissions will continue to rise strongly through 2050 and then plateau around 2100.

Climate Hazard Result for Project Location Unit
Temperature and Extreme Heat 24.8 annual days of extreme heat Extreme Precipitation 0.20 annual days with precipitation above 20 mm Sea Level Rise 0.00 meters of inundation depth
Wildfire 3.09 annual hectares burned
Temperature and Extreme Heat data are for grid cell in which your project are located. The projection is based on the 98th historical percentile of daily maximum/minimum temperatures from observed historical data (32 climate model ensemble from Cal-Adapt, 2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

Extreme Precipitation data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The threshold of 20 mm is equivalent to about ¾ an inch of rain, which would be light to moderate rainfall if received over a full day or heavy rain if received over a period of 2 to 4 hours. Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

Wildfire data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from UC Davis, as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider historical data of climate, vegetation, population density, and large (> 400 ha) fire history. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential wildfire probabilities for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 1 0 0 N/A
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise N/A N/A N/A N/A Page 420 of 1191
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Wildfire N/A N/A N/A N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought 0 0 0 N/A
Snowpack N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality N/A N/A N/A N/A
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest ability to adapt.

The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores do not include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 1 1 1 2
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wildfire N/A N/A N/A N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought 1 1 1 2
Snowpack N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality N/A N/A N/A N/A
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details Page 421 of 1191
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7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Exposure Indicators —
AQ-Ozone 91.1
AQ-PM 4.06
AQ-DPM 14.0
Drinking Water 25.8
Lead Risk Housing 39.6
Pesticides 14.3
Toxic Releases 3.98
Traffic 59.9
Effect Indicators —
CleanUp Sites 0.00
Groundwater 0.00
Haz Waste Facilities/Generators 26.7
Impaired Water Bodies 0.00
Solid Waste 54.8
Sensitive Population —
Asthma 50.6
Cardio-vascular 58.7
Low Birth Weights 13.9
Socioeconomic Factor Indicators —
Education 73.8
Housing 59.7
Linguistic 48.7
Poverty 95.2 Page 422 of 1191
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Unemployment 55.0

7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Economic —
Above Poverty 25.81804183
Employed 23.88040549
Education —
Bachelor's or higher 26.08751444
High school enrollment 2.489413576
Preschool enrollment 1.873476197
Transportation —
Auto Access 42.71782369
Active commuting 10.08597459
Social —
2-parent households 35.96817657
Voting 48.09444373
Neighborhood —
Alcohol availability 80.90594123
Park access 8.340818683
Retail density 1.745155909
Supermarket access 5.864237136
Tree canopy 1.308866932
Housing —
Homeownership 80.90594123
Housing habitability 65.12254587 Page 423 of 1191
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Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden 43.62889773 Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden 64.41678429
Uncrowded housing 45.28422944
Health Outcomes —
Insured adults 2.55357372
Arthritis 0.0
Asthma ER Admissions 54.0
High Blood Pressure 0.0
Cancer (excluding skin) 0.0
Asthma 0.0
Coronary Heart Disease 0.0
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 0.0
Diagnosed Diabetes 0.0
Life Expectancy at Birth 24.6
Cognitively Disabled 43.0
Physically Disabled 5.4
Heart Attack ER Admissions 51.2
Mental Health Not Good 0.0
Chronic Kidney Disease 0.0
Obesity 0.0
Pedestrian Injuries 91.1
Physical Health Not Good 0.0
Stroke 0.0
Health Risk Behaviors —
Binge Drinking 0.0
Current Smoker 0.0
No Leisure Time for Physical Activity 0.0 Page 424 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Climate Change Exposures —
Wildfire Risk 0.0
SLR Inundation Area 0.0
Children 67.0
Elderly 5.7
English Speaking 42.6
Foreign-born 50.4
Outdoor Workers 10.8
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity —
Impervious Surface Cover 84.9
Traffic Density 32.5
Traffic Access 23.0
Other Indices —
Hardship 74.8
Other Decision Support —
2016 Voting 47.2

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
Metric Result for Project Census Tract
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Score for Project Location (a) 33.0 Healthy Places Index Score for Project Location (b) 8.00 Project Located in a Designated Disadvantaged Community (Senate Bill 535) No Project Located in a Low-Income Community (Assembly Bill 1550) Yes Project Located in a Community Air Protection Program Community (Assembly Bill 617) No a: The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state. b: The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state. Page 425 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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7.4. Health & Equity Measures
No Health & Equity Measures selected.

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
Health and Equity Evaluation Scorecard not completed.

8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Land Use Taken form Site plan
Construction: Construction Phases Construction Schedule adjusted to account for 2024 Opening Year Construction: Off-Road Equipment Standard 8-hour work day T/L/B replaced with Crawler Tractor to accurately calculate disturbance for Site Preparation and Grading phases
Building Construction equipment increased by 3 to account for compressed schedule Construction: Trips and VMT Vendor Trips adjusted based on CalEEMod defaults for Building Construction and number of days for Site Preparation, Grading, and Building Construction
Construction: Architectural Coatings SCAQMD Rule 1113
Operations: Vehicle Data Trip Characteristics based on information provided in the Traffic Analysis Operations: Fleet Mix Passenger Car Mix estimated based on CalEEMod default fleet mix and the ratio of the vehicle classes (LDA, LDT1, LDT2, MDV, MCY). Truck Fleet Mix based on 2, 3 and 4 axle Operations: Refrigerants No refrigerants for Warehouse
Construction: Dust From Material Movement Import Site Page 426 of 1191 Desert Gateway Air Quality Impact Analysis
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Desert Gateway Air Quality Impact Analysis
14748-02 AQ Report
APPENDIX 3.2:

CALEEMOD EMISSIONS MODEL OUTPUTS –OPERATIONAL LOCALIZED SOURCE

EMISSIONS

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14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report Table of Contents

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information

1.2. Land Use Types

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector

2. Emissions Summary

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated

2.6. Operations Emissions by Sector, Mitigated

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated

4.1.2. Mitigated

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

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4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.2. Unmitigated

4.3.1. Mitigated

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.2. Unmitigated

4.4.1. Mitigated

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.2. Unmitigated

4.5.1. Mitigated

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated

4.6.2. Mitigated

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type

4.7.1. Unmitigated

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4.7.2. Mitigated

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated

4.8.2. Mitigated

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type

4.9.1. Unmitigated

4.9.2. Mitigated

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated

4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Mitigated

4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Mitigated

4.10.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Mitigated

5. Activity Data

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated

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5.9.2. Mitigated

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.1.2. Mitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment

5.10.4. Landscape Equipment - Mitigated

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated

5.11.2. Mitigated

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated

5.12.2. Mitigated

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated

5.13.2. Mitigated

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5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated

5.14.2. Mitigated

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated

5.15.2. Mitigated

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps

5.16.2. Process Boilers

5.17. User Defined

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1.2. Mitigated

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1.2. Mitigated

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5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated

5.18.2.2. Mitigated

6. Climate Risk Detailed Report

6.1. Climate Risk Summary

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details

7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores

7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores

7.4. Health & Equity Measures

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard

8. User Changes to Default Data Page 434 of 1191
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1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs)
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 3.30
Precipitation (days) 11.2
Location 33.90710154630737, -116.539563570968
County Riverside-Salton Sea
City Desert Hot Springs
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin Salton Sea
TAZ 5638
EDFZ 11
Electric Utility Southern California Edison
Gas Utility Southern California Gas

1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse-No Rail
1,059 1000sqft 24.3 1,059,240 415,874 — — —
Hotel 150 Room 4.10 217,800 0.00 — — —
Strip Mall 42.0 1000sqft 6.60 42,000 0.00 — — — Page 435 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 8 / 55
Parking Lot 1,085 Space 4.26 0.00 0.00 — — —
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
1,117 1000sqft 25.6 0.00 0.00 — — —
User Defined
Industrial
1,059 User Defined Unit 0.00 0.00 0.00 — — —

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector Sector # Measure Title
Construction C-13 Use Low-VOC Paints for Construction

2. Emissions Summary

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 31.2 61.4 17.4 119 0.09 0.64 0.84 1.48 0.66 0.15 0.81 1,087 22,216 23,303 113 1.99 350 27,060 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 17.0 47.9 17.4 63.1 0.08 0.56 0.84 1.40 0.56 0.15 0.70 1,087 21,669 22,757 113 1.99 341 26,507 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 21.9 52.5 16.1 82.8 0.08 0.59 0.78 1.38 0.60 0.14 0.74 1,087 21,546 22,633 113 1.91 345 26,361 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 3.99 9.58 2.94 15.1 0.01 0.11 0.14 0.25 0.11 0.03 0.13 180 3,567 3,747 18.6 0.32 57.0 4,364 Page 436 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 9 / 55

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 20.3 19.8 10.2 56.3 0.04 0.05 0.84 0.89 0.05 0.15 0.19 — 4,555 4,555 0.99 0.69 9.58 4,795 Area 10.2 41.3 0.48 57.3 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.10 — 0.10 — 236 236 0.01 < 0.005 — 237 Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,262 16,262 1.49 0.11 — 16,332 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Total 31.2 61.4 17.4 119 0.09 0.64 0.84 1.48 0.66 0.15 0.81 1,087 22,216 23,303 113 1.99 350 27,060 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 16.3 15.6 10.7 57.5 0.04 0.05 0.84 0.89 0.05 0.15 0.19 — 4,244 4,244 1.17 0.69 0.25 4,479 Area — 31.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,262 16,262 1.49 0.11 — 16,332 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Total 17.0 47.9 17.4 63.1 0.08 0.56 0.84 1.40 0.56 0.15 0.70 1,087 21,669 22,757 113 1.99 341 26,507 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 16.1 15.6 9.18 48.9 0.04 0.05 0.78 0.83 0.04 0.14 0.18 — 4,004 4,004 0.98 0.61 3.83 4,216 Area 5.03 36.5 0.24 28.3 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.05 — 0.05 — 116 116 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 117 Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,262 16,262 1.49 0.11 — 16,332 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Page 437 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 10 / 55
Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Total 21.9 52.5 16.1 82.8 0.08 0.59 0.78 1.38 0.60 0.14 0.74 1,087 21,546 22,633 113 1.91 345 26,361 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 2.94 2.84 1.68 8.92 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.15 0.01 0.03 0.03 — 663 663 0.16 0.10 0.63 698 Area 0.92 6.66 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3 Energy 0.13 0.07 1.22 1.03 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 2,692 2,692 0.25 0.02 — 2,704 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 79.9 193 273 8.21 0.20 — 537 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 100 0.00 100 10.0 0.00 — 350 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4
Total 3.99 9.58 2.94 15.1 0.01 0.11 0.14 0.25 0.11 0.03 0.13 180 3,567 3,747 18.6 0.32 57.0 4,364

2.6. Operations Emissions by Sector, Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 20.3 19.8 10.2 56.3 0.04 0.05 0.84 0.89 0.05 0.15 0.19 — 4,555 4,555 0.99 0.69 9.58 4,795 Area 10.2 41.3 0.48 57.3 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.10 — 0.10 — 236 236 0.01 < 0.005 — 237 Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,262 16,262 1.49 0.11 — 16,332 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Total 31.2 61.4 17.4 119 0.09 0.64 0.84 1.48 0.66 0.15 0.81 1,087 22,216 23,303 113 1.99 350 27,060 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 16.3 15.6 10.7 57.5 0.04 0.05 0.84 0.89 0.05 0.15 0.19 — 4,244 4,244 1.17 0.69 0.25 4,479 Page 438 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 11 / 55
Area — 31.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,262 16,262 1.49 0.11 — 16,332 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Total 17.0 47.9 17.4 63.1 0.08 0.56 0.84 1.40 0.56 0.15 0.70 1,087 21,669 22,757 113 1.99 341 26,507 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 16.1 15.6 9.18 48.9 0.04 0.05 0.78 0.83 0.04 0.14 0.18 — 4,004 4,004 0.98 0.61 3.83 4,216 Area 5.03 36.5 0.24 28.3 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.05 — 0.05 — 116 116 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 117 Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,262 16,262 1.49 0.11 — 16,332 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Total 21.9 52.5 16.1 82.8 0.08 0.59 0.78 1.38 0.60 0.14 0.74 1,087 21,546 22,633 113 1.91 345 26,361 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 2.94 2.84 1.68 8.92 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.15 0.01 0.03 0.03 — 663 663 0.16 0.10 0.63 698 Area 0.92 6.66 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3 Energy 0.13 0.07 1.22 1.03 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 2,692 2,692 0.25 0.02 — 2,704 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 79.9 193 273 8.21 0.20 — 537 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 100 0.00 100 10.0 0.00 — 350 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4
Total 3.99 9.58 2.94 15.1 0.01 0.11 0.14 0.25 0.11 0.03 0.13 180 3,567 3,747 18.6 0.32 57.0 4,364

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use Page 439 of 1191
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4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

6.15 6.01 1.33 16.0 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 1,011 1,011 0.28 0.15 2.49 1,066 Hotel 6.09 5.95 1.32 15.8 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 1,001 1,001 0.28 0.15 2.46 1,055 Strip Mall 7.59 7.42 1.65 19.7 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 1,248 1,248 0.35 0.19 3.07 1,315 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.49 0.38 5.89 4.80 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.03 — 1,295 1,295 0.07 0.20 1.55 1,358 Total 20.3 19.8 10.2 56.3 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.18 0.05 0.04 0.09 — 4,555 4,555 0.99 0.69 9.58 4,795 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

4.93 4.77 1.36 16.4 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 915 915 0.34 0.15 0.06 969 Hotel 4.81 4.65 1.32 15.9 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 886 886 0.33 0.15 0.06 938 Strip Mall 6.09 5.88 1.68 20.2 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 1,129 1,129 0.42 0.19 0.08 1,195 Page 440 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 13 / 55
Parking 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lot
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.43 0.33 6.34 4.98 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.03 — 1,314 1,314 0.07 0.21 0.04 1,378 Total 16.3 15.6 10.7 57.5 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.18 0.05 0.04 0.09 — 4,244 4,244 1.17 0.69 0.25 4,479 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

0.83 0.81 0.20 2.36 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 138 138 0.04 0.02 0.16 145 Hotel 0.87 0.84 0.21 2.47 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 144 144 0.05 0.02 0.16 152 Strip Mall 1.17 1.14 0.29 3.32 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 193 193 0.06 0.03 0.22 204 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.07 0.06 0.97 0.78 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 188 188 0.01 0.03 0.10 198 Total 2.94 2.84 1.68 8.92 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 — 663 663 0.16 0.10 0.63 698

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Unrefrige
Warehouse-No
Rail

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.07 0.06 0.97 0.78 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 188 188 0.01 0.03 0.10 198 Total 2.94 2.84 1.68 8.92 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 — 663 663 0.16 0.10 0.63 698

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — — 4,656 4,656 0.44 0.05 — 4,683
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,308 2,308 0.22 0.03 — 2,322 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — 391 391 0.04 < 0.005 — 394 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 908 908 0.09 0.01 — 913

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Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 8,264 8,264 0.78 0.09 — 8,312 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — — 4,656 4,656 0.44 0.05 — 4,683
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,308 2,308 0.22 0.03 — 2,322 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — 391 391 0.04 < 0.005 — 394 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 908 908 0.09 0.01 — 913
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 8,264 8,264 0.78 0.09 — 8,312 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — — 771 771 0.07 0.01 — 775
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 382 382 0.04 < 0.005 — 384 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — 64.8 64.8 0.01 < 0.005 — 65.2 Page 444 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 17 / 55
Parking — — — — — — — — — — — — 150 150 0.01 < 0.005 — 151 Lot
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,368 1,368 0.13 0.02 — 1,376

4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — — 4,656 4,656 0.44 0.05 — 4,683
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,308 2,308 0.22 0.03 — 2,322 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — 391 391 0.04 < 0.005 — 394 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 908 908 0.09 0.01 — 913
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 8,264 8,264 0.78 0.09 — 8,312 Page 445 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 18 / 55
Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Winter
(Max)
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — — 4,656 4,656 0.44 0.05 — 4,683
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,308 2,308 0.22 0.03 — 2,322 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — 391 391 0.04 < 0.005 — 394 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 908 908 0.09 0.01 — 913
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 8,264 8,264 0.78 0.09 — 8,312 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — — 771 771 0.07 0.01 — 775
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 382 382 0.04 < 0.005 — 384 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — 64.8 64.8 0.01 < 0.005 — 65.2 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 150 150 0.01 < 0.005 — 151
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00

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Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,368 1,368 0.13 0.02 — 1,376

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

0.60 0.30 5.43 4.56 0.03 0.41 — 0.41 0.41 — 0.41 — 6,481 6,481 0.57 0.01 — 6,499 Hotel 0.13 0.07 1.20 1.01 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 1,437 1,437 0.13 < 0.005 — 1,441 Strip Mall 0.01 < 0.005 0.07 0.06 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 79.7 79.7 0.01 < 0.005 — 79.9 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 7,998 7,998 0.71 0.02 — 8,020 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

0.60 0.30 5.43 4.56 0.03 0.41 — 0.41 0.41 — 0.41 — 6,481 6,481 0.57 0.01 — 6,499 Hotel 0.13 0.07 1.20 1.01 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 1,437 1,437 0.13 < 0.005 — 1,441 Page 447 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 20 / 55
Strip Mall 0.01 < 0.005 0.07 0.06 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 79.7 79.7 0.01 < 0.005 — 79.9 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 7,998 7,998 0.71 0.02 — 8,020 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

0.11 0.05 0.99 0.83 0.01 0.08 — 0.08 0.08 — 0.08 — 1,073 1,073 0.09 < 0.005 — 1,076 Hotel 0.02 0.01 0.22 0.18 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 238 238 0.02 < 0.005 — 239 Strip Mall < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 13.2 13.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 13.2 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.13 0.07 1.22 1.03 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 1,324 1,324 0.12 < 0.005 — 1,328

4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e

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Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Summer
(Max)
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00

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User 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Defined
Industrial
Total 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 7,998 7,998 0.71 0.02 — 8,020 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.13 0.07 1.22 1.03 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 1,324 1,324 0.12 < 0.005 — 1,328

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ural
Coatings
— 92.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Consum
Products
— 28.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt

10.2 9.41 0.48 57.3 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.10 — 0.10 — 236 236 0.01 < 0.005 — 237 Total 10.2 130 0.48 57.3 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.10 — 0.10 — 236 236 0.01 < 0.005 — 237 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ural
Coatings
— 92.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consum
er
Products
— 28.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — 121 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ural
Coatings
— 3.98 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consum
er
Products
— 5.17 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt

0.92 0.85 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3 Total 0.92 9.99 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3

4.3.1. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Page 451 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 24 / 55
Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Summer
(Max)
Architect
ural
Coatings
— 92.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consum
er
Products
— 28.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt

0.92 0.85 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3 Total 0.92 9.99 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3 Page 452 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 25 / 55

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 469 1,132 1,602 48.2 1.16 — 3,152 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 7.29 17.2 24.5 0.75 0.02 — 48.6 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 5.96 14.1 20.0 0.61 0.01 — 39.7 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 469 1,132 1,602 48.2 1.16 — 3,152 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 7.29 17.2 24.5 0.75 0.02 — 48.6 Page 453 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 26 / 55
Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 5.96 14.1 20.0 0.61 0.01 — 39.7 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 77.7 187 265 7.99 0.19 — 522
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 1.21 2.85 4.06 0.12 < 0.005 — 8.05 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 0.99 2.33 3.32 0.10 < 0.005 — 6.58 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 79.9 193 273 8.21 0.20 — 537

4.4.1. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e

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Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Summer
(Max)
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 469 1,132 1,602 48.2 1.16 — 3,152 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 7.29 17.2 24.5 0.75 0.02 — 48.6 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 5.96 14.1 20.0 0.61 0.01 — 39.7 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 469 1,132 1,602 48.2 1.16 — 3,152 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 7.29 17.2 24.5 0.75 0.02 — 48.6 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 5.96 14.1 20.0 0.61 0.01 — 39.7 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00

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User — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Defined
Industrial
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 77.7 187 265 7.99 0.19 — 522
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 1.21 2.85 4.06 0.12 < 0.005 — 8.05 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 0.99 2.33 3.32 0.10 < 0.005 — 6.58 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 79.9 193 273 8.21 0.20 — 537

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Unrefrige — — — — — — — — — — — 537 0.00 537 53.6 0.00 — 1,877 rated
Warehou
Rail
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 44.3 0.00 44.3 4.42 0.00 — 155 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 23.8 0.00 23.8 2.38 0.00 — 83.2 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 537 0.00 537 53.6 0.00 — 1,877
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 44.3 0.00 44.3 4.42 0.00 — 155 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 23.8 0.00 23.8 2.38 0.00 — 83.2 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 457 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 30 / 55
Unrefrige
Warehouse-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 88.8 0.00 88.8 8.88 0.00 — 311
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 7.33 0.00 7.33 0.73 0.00 — 25.6 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 3.93 0.00 3.93 0.39 0.00 — 13.8 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 100 0.00 100 10.0 0.00 — 350

4.5.1. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 537 0.00 537 53.6 0.00 — 1,877
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 44.3 0.00 44.3 4.42 0.00 — 155 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 23.8 0.00 23.8 2.38 0.00 — 83.2 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00

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User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 537 0.00 537 53.6 0.00 — 1,877
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 44.3 0.00 44.3 4.42 0.00 — 155 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 23.8 0.00 23.8 2.38 0.00 — 83.2 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail
— — — — — — — — — — — 88.8 0.00 88.8 8.88 0.00 — 311
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 7.33 0.00 7.33 0.73 0.00 — 25.6 Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — 3.93 0.00 3.93 0.39 0.00 — 13.8 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00

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Other — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Asphalt
Surfaces
User
Defined
Industrial
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 100 0.00 100 10.0 0.00 — 350

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 340 340
Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 340 340
Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4
Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.04
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4 Page 460 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 33 / 55

4.6.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 340 340
Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 340 340
Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.26 0.26
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4
Strip Mall — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.04
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type

4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e

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Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Summer
(Max)
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.7.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Page 462 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 35 / 55
Equipme
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.8.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type Page 463 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 36 / 55

4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.9.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 464 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 37 / 55

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetatio
n
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 465 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 38 / 55

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 466 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 39 / 55
Sequest — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetatio
n
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 467 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 40 / 55
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 468 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 41 / 55
Remove — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
d
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

5. Activity Data

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Year VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Year Unrefrigerated
Warehouse-No Rail
1,854 1,057 1,013 591,201 890 507 486 283,777
Hotel 1,835 1,508 1,175 618,245 881 724 564 296,758
Strip Mall 2,287 2,249 2,246 830,630 1,098 1,079 1,078 398,702 Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
User Defined
Industrial
403 229 219 128,303 193 110 105 61,586

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5.9.2. Mitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Year VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Year Unrefrigerated
Warehouse-No Rail
1,854 1,057 1,013 591,201 890 507 486 283,777
Hotel 1,835 1,508 1,175 618,245 881 724 564 296,758
Strip Mall 2,287 2,249 2,246 830,630 1,098 1,079 1,078 398,702 Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
User Defined
Industrial
403 229 219 128,303 193 110 105 61,586

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.1.2. Mitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft) Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) Non-Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
0 0.00 2,037,158 679,053 78,130

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 180 Page 470 of 1191
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5.10.4. Landscape Equipment - Mitigated
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 180

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No
Rail
4,874,995 349 0.0330 0.0040 20,223,203
Hotel 2,416,573 349 0.0330 0.0040 4,482,547
Strip Mall 409,853 349 0.0330 0.0040 248,731
Parking Lot 950,460 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
User Defined Industrial 0.00 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00

5.11.2. Mitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No
Rail
4,874,995 349 0.0330 0.0040 20,223,203
Hotel 2,416,573 349 0.0330 0.0040 4,482,547
Strip Mall 409,853 349 0.0330 0.0040 248,731
Parking Lot 950,460 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00 Page 471 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 44 / 55
User Defined Industrial 0.00 349 0.0330 0.0040 0.00

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 244,949,250 7,804,131
Hotel 3,805,016 0.00
Strip Mall 3,111,046 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00
User Defined Industrial 0.00 0.00

5.12.2. Mitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 244,949,250 7,804,131
Hotel 3,805,016 0.00
Strip Mall 3,111,046 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00
User Defined Industrial 0.00 0.00

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 996 0.00 Page 472 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 45 / 55
Hotel 82.1 0.00
Strip Mall 44.1 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00
User Defined Industrial 0.00 0.00

5.13.2. Mitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Unrefrigerated Warehouse-No Rail 996 0.00
Hotel 82.1 0.00
Strip Mall 44.1 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00
User Defined Industrial 0.00 0.00

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Hotel Household refrigerators
and/or freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.00 0.60 0.00 1.00
Hotel Other commercial A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 1.80 4.00 4.00 18.0
Hotel Walk-in refrigerators
and freezers
R-404A 3,922 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0
Strip Mall Other commercial A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0

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Strip Mall Stand-alone retail R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00 refrigerators and
freezers
Strip Mall Walk-in refrigerators
and freezers
R-404A 3,922 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0

5.14.2. Mitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Hotel Household refrigerators
and/or freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.00 0.60 0.00 1.00
Hotel Other commercial A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 1.80 4.00 4.00 18.0
Hotel Walk-in refrigerators
and freezers
R-404A 3,922 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0
Strip Mall Other commercial A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Strip Mall Stand-alone retail
refrigerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00
Strip Mall Walk-in refrigerators
and freezers
R-404A 3,922 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor

5.15.2. Mitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Page 474 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 47 / 55

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Year Horsepower Load Factor

5.16.2. Process Boilers
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day) Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr)

5.17. User Defined
Equipment Type Fuel Type
— —

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1.2. Mitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres Page 475 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 48 / 55

5.18.1.2. Mitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)

5.18.2.2. Mitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)

6. Climate Risk Detailed Report

Sea Level Rise data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from Radke et al. (2017), as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider different increments of sea level rise coupled with extreme storm events. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential inundation depth for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 50 meters (m) by 50 m, or about 164 feet (ft) by 164 ft. Page 476 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 49 / 55
Wildfire data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from UC Davis, as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider historical data of climate, vegetation, population density, and large (> 400 ha) fire history. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential wildfire probabilities for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 1 0 0 N/A
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wildfire N/A N/A N/A N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought 0 0 0 N/A
Snowpack N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality N/A N/A N/A N/A
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 1 1 1 2
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wildfire N/A N/A N/A N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought 1 1 1 2
Snowpack N/A N/A N/A N/A Page 477 of 1191
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Air Quality N/A N/A N/A N/A
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details

7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Exposure Indicators —
AQ-Ozone 91.1
AQ-PM 4.06
AQ-DPM 14.0
Drinking Water 25.8
Lead Risk Housing 39.6
Pesticides 14.3
Toxic Releases 3.98
Traffic 59.9
Effect Indicators —
CleanUp Sites 0.00
Groundwater 0.00
Haz Waste Facilities/Generators 26.7
Impaired Water Bodies 0.00
Solid Waste 54.8 Page 478 of 1191
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Sensitive Population —
Asthma 50.6
Cardio-vascular 58.7
Low Birth Weights 13.9
Socioeconomic Factor Indicators —
Education 73.8
Housing 59.7
Linguistic 48.7
Poverty 95.2
Unemployment 55.0

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Economic —
Above Poverty 25.81804183
Employed 23.88040549
Education —
Bachelor's or higher 26.08751444
High school enrollment 2.489413576
Preschool enrollment 1.873476197
Transportation —
Auto Access 42.71782369
Active commuting 10.08597459
Social —
2-parent households 35.96817657
Voting 48.09444373 Page 479 of 1191
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Neighborhood —
Alcohol availability 80.90594123
Park access 8.340818683
Retail density 1.745155909
Supermarket access 5.864237136
Tree canopy 1.308866932
Housing —
Homeownership 80.90594123
Housing habitability 65.12254587
Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden 43.62889773 Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden 64.41678429
Uncrowded housing 45.28422944
Health Outcomes —
Insured adults 2.55357372
Arthritis 0.0
Asthma ER Admissions 54.0
High Blood Pressure 0.0
Cancer (excluding skin) 0.0
Asthma 0.0
Coronary Heart Disease 0.0
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 0.0
Diagnosed Diabetes 0.0
Life Expectancy at Birth 24.6
Cognitively Disabled 43.0
Physically Disabled 5.4
Heart Attack ER Admissions 51.2
Mental Health Not Good 0.0 Page 480 of 1191
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Chronic Kidney Disease 0.0
Obesity 0.0
Pedestrian Injuries 91.1
Physical Health Not Good 0.0
Stroke 0.0
Health Risk Behaviors —
Binge Drinking 0.0
Current Smoker 0.0
No Leisure Time for Physical Activity 0.0
Climate Change Exposures —
Wildfire Risk 0.0
SLR Inundation Area 0.0
Children 67.0
Elderly 5.7
English Speaking 42.6
Foreign-born 50.4
Outdoor Workers 10.8
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity —
Impervious Surface Cover 84.9
Traffic Density 32.5
Traffic Access 23.0
Other Indices —
Hardship 74.8
Other Decision Support —
2016 Voting 47.2

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores Page 481 of 1191
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Metric Result for Project Census Tract
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Score for Project Location (a) 33.0 Healthy Places Index Score for Project Location (b) 8.00 Project Located in a Designated Disadvantaged Community (Senate Bill 535) No Project Located in a Low-Income Community (Assembly Bill 1550) Yes Project Located in a Community Air Protection Program Community (Assembly Bill 617) No a: The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state. b: The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.

7.4. Health & Equity Measures
No Health & Equity Measures selected.

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
Health and Equity Evaluation Scorecard not completed.

8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Land Use Taken form Site plan
Construction: Construction Phases Construction Schedule adjusted to account for 2024 Opening Year Construction: Off-Road Equipment Standard 8-hour work day T/L/B replaced with Crawler Tractor to accurately calculate disturbance for Site Preparation and Grading phases
Building Construction equipment increased by 3 to account for compressed schedule Construction: Trips and VMT Vendor Trips adjusted based on CalEEMod defaults for Building Construction and number of days for Site Preparation, Grading, and Building Construction
Construction: Architectural Coatings SCAQMD Rule 1113
Operations: Vehicle Data Trip Characteristics based on information provided in the Traffic Analysis Operations: Fleet Mix Passenger Car Mix estimated based on CalEEMod default fleet mix and the ratio of the vehicle classes (LDA, LDT1, LDT2, MDV, MCY). Truck Fleet Mix based on 2, 3 and 4 axle Operations: Refrigerants No refrigerants for Warehouse Page 482 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest (Operational LSTs) Detailed Report, 7/21/2022 55 / 55
Construction: Dust From Material Movement Import Site Page 483 of 1191 Desert Gateway Air Quality Impact Analysis
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Desert Gateway

GREENHOUSE GAS ANALYSIS

CITY OF DESERT HOT SPRINGS
PREPARED BY:

Haseeb Qureshi
[email protected]
Ali Dadabhoy
[email protected]
AUGUST 31, 2022
14748-02 GHG Report

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................. I

APPENDICES II
LIST OF EXHIBITS.................................................................................................................................. II LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... II LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS ............................................................................................................. III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 9 ES.1 Summary of Findings..................................................................................................................... 9 ES.2 Regulatory Requirements............................................................................................................. 9 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 12

1.1 Site Location................................................................................................................................ 12

1.2 Project Description...................................................................................................................... 12 2 CLIMATE CHANGE SETTING ....................................................................................................... 16

2.1 Introduction to Global Climate Change (GCC) ............................................................................ 16

2.2 Global Climate Change Defined .................................................................................................. 16

2.3 GHGs ........................................................................................................................................... 16

2.4 Global Warming Potential........................................................................................................... 23

2.5 GHG Emissions Inventories......................................................................................................... 23

2.6 Effects of Climate Change in California....................................................................................... 24

2.7 Regulatory Setting....................................................................................................................... 26 3 PROJECT GHG IMPACT .............................................................................................................. 49

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 49

3.2 Significance Thresholds............................................................................................................... 49

3.3 Models Employed To Analyze GHGs........................................................................................... 51

3.4 Life-Cycle Analysis Not Required ................................................................................................ 51

3.5 Construction Emissions............................................................................................................... 52

3.6 Operational Emissions ................................................................................................................ 54

3.7 GHG Emissions Findings and Recommendations........................................................................ 57 4 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................. 66 5 CERTIFICATIONS........................................................................................................................ 70

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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 3.1: CALEEMOD EMISSIONS MODEL OUTPUTS

LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1-A: LOCATION MAP ............................................................................................................. 13 EXHIBIT 1-B: SITE PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 14 EXHIBIT 2-A: SUMMARY OF PROJECTED GLOBAL WARMING IMPACT, 2070-2099 (AS COMPARED WITH 1961-1990) .................................................................................................................. 22

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE ES-1: SUMMARY OF CEQA SIGNIFICANCE FINDINGS................................................................... 9 TABLE 2-1: GHGS................................................................................................................................ 17 TABLE 2-2: GWP AND ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME OF SELECT GHGS........................................................ 23 TABLE 2-3: TOP GHG PRODUCING COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION ...................................... 24 TABLE 3-2: CONSTRUCTION DURATION.............................................................................................. 52 TABLE 3-3: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT ASSUMPTIONS.................................................................... 53 TABLE 3-4: AMORTIZED ANNUAL CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS ........................................................... 54 TABLE 3-5: PASSENGER CAR FLEET MIX .............................................................................................. 55 TABLE 3-6: TRUCK FLEET MIX ............................................................................................................. 56 TABLE 3-7: PROJECT GHG EMISSIONS ................................................................................................. 57 TABLE 3-8: 2017 SCOPING PLAN CONSISTENCY SUMMARY................................................................. 59

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LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS
% Percent
°C Degrees Celsius
°F Degrees Fahrenheit
(1) Reference
2017 Scoping Plan Final 2017 Scoping Plan Update
AB Assembly Bill
AB 32 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
AB 1493 Pavley Fuel Efficiency Standards
AB 1881 California Water Conservation Landscaping Act of 2006 Annex I Industrialized Nations
APA Administrative Procedure Act
AQIA Desert Gateway Air Quality Impact Analysis
BAU Business as Usual
C2F6 Hexafluoroethane
C2H6 Ethane
C2H2F4 Tetrafluroethane
C2H4F2 Ethylidene Fluoride
CAA Federal Clean Air Act
CalEEMod California Emissions Estimator Model
CalEPA California Environmental Protection Agency
CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CALGAPS California LBNL GHG Analysis of Policies Spreadsheet CALGreen California Green Building Standards Code
CalSTA California State Transportation Agency
Caltrans California Department of Transportation
CAP Climate Action Plan
CAPCOA California Air Pollution Control Officers Association CARB California Air Resource Board
CBSC California Building Standards Commission
CEC California Energy Commission
CCR California Code of Regulations
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CEQA Guidelines 2019 CEQA Statute and Guidelines
CDFA California Department of Food and Agriculture
CF4 Tetrafluoromethane
CFC Chlorofluorocarbons

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CFC-113 Trichlorotrifluoroethane
CH4 Methane
City City of Desert Hot Springs
CNRA California Natural Resources Agency
CNRA 2009 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CO2e Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
Convention United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change COP Conference of the Parties
CPUC California Public Utilities Commission
CTC California Transportation Commission
DOF Department of Finance
DWR Department of Water Resources
EMFAC Emission Factor Model
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EV Electric Vehicle
FED Functional Equivalent Document
GCC Global Climate Change
Gg Gigagram
GHGA Greenhouse Gas Analysis
GO-Biz Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development gpd Gallons Per Day
gpm Gallons Per Minute
GWP Global Warming Potential
H2O Water
HFC Hydrofluorocarbons
HDT Heavy-Duty Trucks
HFC-23 Fluoroform
HFC-134a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
HFC-152a 1,1-difluoroethane
HHDT Heavy-Heavy-Duty Trucks
hp Horsepower
IBANK California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRP Integrated Resource Planning
ISO Independent System Operator
ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers
kWh Kilowatt Hours

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lbs Pounds
LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
LCA Life-Cycle Analysis
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCFS Low Carbon Fuel Standard or Executive Order S-01-07 LDA Light-Duty Auto
LDT1/LDT2 Light-Duty Trucks
LEV III Low-Emission Vehicle
LHDT1/LHDT2 Light-Heavy-Duty Trucks
LULUCF Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
MARB/IPA March Air Reserve Base/Inland Port Airport
MCY Motorcycles
MD Medium Duty
MDT Medium-Duty Trucks
MDV Medium-Duty Vehicles
MHDT Medium-Heavy-Duty Tucks
MM Mitigation Measures
MMR Mandatory Reporting Rule
MMTCO2e Million Metric Ton of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent mpg Miles Per Gallon
MPOs Metropolitan Planning Organizations
MMTCO2e/yr Million Metric Ton of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Per Year MT/yr Metric Tons Per Year
MTCO2e Metric Ton of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
MTCO2e/yr Metric Ton of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Per Year MW Megawatts
MWh Megawatts Per Hour
MWELO California Department of Water Resources’ Model Water Efficient
N2O Nitrous Oxide
NDC Nationally Determined Contributions
NF3 Nitrogen Trifluoride
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NOX Nitrogen Oxides
Non-Annex I Developing Nations
OAL Office of Administrative Law
OPR Office of Planning and Research

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PFC Perfluorocarbons
ppb Parts Per Billion
ppm Parts Per Million
ppt Parts Per Trillion
Project Desert Gateway
Impact Report SCH No. 2009081086
RMC Riverside Municipal Code
RTP Regional Transportation Plan
SAFE Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Rule
SB Senate Bill
SB 32 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
SB 375 Regional GHG Emissions Reduction Targets/Sustainable Communities Strategies
SB 1078 Renewable Portfolio Standards
SB 1368 Statewide Retail Provider Emissions Performance Standards
SCAB South Coast Air Basin
SCAG Southern California Association of Governments
SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCE Southern California Edison
Scoping Plan California Air Resources Board Climate Change Scoping Plan SCS Sustainable Communities Strategy
sf Square Feet
SF6 Sulfur Hexaflouride
SGC Strategic Growth Council
SHGC Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
SLPS Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Strategy
SP Service Population
SWCRB State Water Resources Control Board
TA Desert Gateway (DPR20-00004) Traffic Analysis
TDM Transportation Demand Measures
Title 20 Appliance Energy Efficiency Standards
Title 24 California Building Code
U.N. United Nations
U.S. United States
UNFCCC United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change URBEMIS Urban Emissions
UTR Utility Tractors

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VFP Vehicle Fueling Positions
VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled
WCI Western Climate Initiative
WRCOG Western Riverside Council of Governments
WRI World Resources Institute
ZE/NZE Zero and Near-Zero Emissions
ZEV Zero-Emissions Vehicles

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9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The results of this Desert Gateway Greenhouse Gas Analysis (GHGA) is summarized below based on the significance criteria in Section 3 of this report consistent with Appendix G of the Guidelines for Implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA Guidelines) (1). Table ES-1 shows the findings of significance for potential greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts under CEQA.

TABLE ES-1: SUMMARY OF CEQA SIGNIFICANCE FINDINGS
Analysis Report
Section
Significance Findings
Unmitigated Mitigated
GHG Impact #1: Would the Project generate
GHG emissions either directly or indirectly,
that may have a significant impact on the
environment?

3.7 Less Than Significant n/a
GHG Impact #2: Would the Project conflict
with an applicable plan, policy or regulation
adopted for the purpose of reducing the
emissions of GHGs?

3.7 Less Than Significant n/a
ES.2 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
The Project would be required to comply with regulations imposed by the State of California and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) aimed at the reduction of air pollutant emissions. Those that are directly and indirectly applicable to the Project and that would assist in the reduction of GHG emissions include:
• Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill (AB) 32) (2). • Regional GHG Emissions Reduction Targets/Sustainable Communities Strategies (Senate Bill (SB) 375) (3).
• Pavley Fuel Efficiency Standards (AB 1493). Establishes fuel efficiency ratings for new vehicles (4). • California Building Code (Title 24 California Code of Regulations (CCR)) and CALGreen standards.

Establishes energy efficiency requirements for new construction (5). • Appliance Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 20 CCR). Establishes energy efficiency requirements for appliances (6).
• Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). Requires carbon content of fuel sold in California to be 10 percent (%) less by 2020 (7).
• California Water Conservation in Landscaping Act of 2006 (AB 1881). Requires local agencies to adopt the Department of Water Resources updated Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance or

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10 equivalent by January 1, 2010, to ensure efficient landscapes in new development and reduced water waste in existing landscapes (8).
• Statewide Retail Provider Emissions Performance Standards (SB 1368). Requires energy generators to achieve performance standards for GHG emissions (9). • Renewable Portfolio Standards (SB 1078 – also referred to as RPS). Requires electric corporations to increase the amount of energy obtained from eligible renewable energy resources to 20% by 2010 and 33% by 2020 (10).
• California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (SB 32). Requires the state to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, a reduction target that was first introduced in Executive Order B-30-15 (11).

Promulgated regulations that will affect the Project’s emissions are accounted for in the Project’s GHG calculations provided in this report. In particular, AB 1493, LCFS, and RPS, and therefore are accounted for in the Project’s emission calculations.

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12 1 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of the GHGA prepared by Urban Crossroads, Inc., for the proposed Desert Gateway (Project). The purpose of this GHGA is to evaluate Project-related construction and operational emissions and determine the level of GHG impacts as a result of constructing and operating the Project.

1.1 SITE LOCATION
The proposed Desert Gateway Project is generally located”), located east of Indian Avenue and north of the I-10 Freeway in the City of Desert Hot Springs, as shown on Exhibit 1-A.

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Project is proposed to consist of a distribution center (approximately 1,059,240 square feet), 2 commercial areas (total of 42,000 square feet), and a 150-room hotel. It is anticipated that the Project would be fully developed by year 2024. The preliminary site plan for the proposed Project is shown on Exhibit 1-B.

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14 EXHIBIT 1-B: SITE PLAN

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16 2 CLIMATE CHANGE SETTING

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE (GCC)
GCC is defined as the change in average meteorological conditions on the earth with respect to temperature, precipitation, and storms. The majority of scientists believe that the climate shift taking place since the Industrial Revolution is occurring at a quicker rate and magnitude than in the past. Scientific evidence suggests that GCC is the result of increased concentrations of GHGs in the earth’s atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases. The majority of scientists believe that this increased rate of climate change is the result of GHGs resulting from human activity and industrialization over the past 200 years.

An individual project like the proposed Project evaluated in this GHGA cannot generate enough GHG emissions to affect a discernible change in global climate. However, the proposed Project may participate in the potential for GCC by its incremental contribution of GHGs combined with the cumulative increase of all other sources of GHGs, which when taken together constitute potential influences on GCC. Because these changes may have serious environmental consequences, Section 3.0 will evaluate the potential for the proposed Project to have a significant effect upon the environment as a result of its potential contribution to the greenhouse effect.

2.2 GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE DEFINED
GCC refers to the change in average meteorological conditions on the earth with respect to temperature, wind patterns, precipitation, and storms. Global temperatures are regulated by naturally occurring atmospheric gases such as water vapor, CO2, N2O, CH4, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). These particular gases are important due to their residence time (duration they stay) in the atmosphere, which ranges from 10 years to more than 100 years. These gases allow solar radiation into the earth’s atmosphere, but prevent radioactive heat from escaping, thus warming the earth’s atmosphere. GCC can occur naturally as it has in the past with the previous ice ages.

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are often referred to as GHGs. GHGs are released into the atmosphere by both natural and anthropogenic activity. Without the natural GHG effect, the earth’s average temperature would be approximately 61 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) cooler than it is currently. The cumulative accumulation of these gases in the earth’s atmosphere is considered to be the cause for the observed increase in the earth’s temperature.

2.3 GHGS

2.3.1 GHGS AND HEALTH EFFECTS
GHGs trap heat in the atmosphere, creating a GHG effect that results in global warming and climate change. Many gases demonstrate these properties and as discussed in Table 2-1. For the purposes of this analysis, emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O were evaluated (see Table 3-1 later in this report) because these gases are the primary contributors to GCC from development projects.

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17 Although there are other substances such as fluorinated gases that also contribute to GCC, these fluorinated gases were not evaluated as their sources are not well-defined and do not contain accepted emissions factors or methodology to accurately calculate these gases.

TABLE 2-1: GHGS
GHGs Description Sources Health Effects
Water Water is the most abundant,
important, and variable GHG in
the atmosphere. Water vapor is
not considered a pollutant; in
the atmosphere it maintains a
climate necessary for life.

Changes in its concentration are
primarily considered to be a
result of climate feedbacks
related to the warming of the
atmosphere rather than a direct
result of industrialization.

Climate feedback is an indirect,
or secondary, change, either
positive or negative, that occurs
within the climate system in
response to a forcing
mechanism. The feedback loop
in which water is involved is
critically important to projecting
future climate change.

As the temperature of the
atmosphere rises, more water is
evaporated from ground storage
(rivers, oceans, reservoirs, soil).

Because the air is warmer, the
relative humidity can be higher
(in essence, the air is able to
‘hold’ more water when it is
warmer), leading to more water
vapor in the atmosphere. As a
GHG, the higher concentration of
water vapor is then able to
absorb more thermal indirect
energy radiated from the Earth,
thus further warming the
atmosphere. The warmer
atmosphere can then hold more
water vapor and so on and so
on. This is referred to as a
“positive feedback loop.” The
extent to which this positive
feedback loop would continue is
The main source of
water vapor is
evaporation from
the oceans
(approximately
85%). Other sources
include evaporation
from other water
bodies, sublimation
(change from solid to
gas) from sea ice and
snow, and
transpiration from
plant leaves.

There are no known direct
health effects related to
water vapor at this time. It
should be noted however
that when some pollutants
react with water vapor, the
reaction forms a transport
mechanism for some of
these pollutants to enter the
human body through water
vapor.

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18 GHGs Description Sources Health Effects
unknown as there are also
dynamics that hold the positive
feedback loop in check. As an
example, when water vapor
increases in the atmosphere,
more of it would eventually
condense into clouds, which are
more able to reflect incoming
solar radiation (thus allowing
less energy to reach the earth’s
surface and heat it up) (12).

CO2 CO2 is an odorless and colorless
GHG. Since the industrial
revolution began in the mid1700s, the sort of human activity that increases GHG emissions
has increased dramatically in
scale and distribution. Data from
the past 50 years suggests a
corollary increase in levels and
concentrations. As an example,
prior to the industrial revolution,
CO2 concentrations were fairly
stable at 280 parts per million
(ppm). Today, they are around
370 ppm, an increase of more
than 30%. Left unchecked, the
concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere is projected to
increase to a minimum of 540
ppm by 2100 as a direct result of
anthropogenic sources (13).

CO2 is emitted from
natural and
manmade sources.

Natural sources
include: the
decomposition of
dead organic matter;
respiration of
bacteria, plants,
animals, and fungus;
evaporation from
oceans; and volcanic
outgassing.

Anthropogenic
sources include: the
burning of coal, oil,
natural gas, and
wood. CO2 is
naturally removed
from the air by
photosynthesis,
dissolution into
ocean water,
transfer to soils and
ice caps, and
chemical weathering
of carbonate rocks
(14).

Outdoor levels of CO2 are not
high enough to result in
negative health effects.

According to the National
Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH)
high concentrations of CO2
can result in health effects
such as: headaches,
dizziness, restlessness,
difficulty breathing,
sweating, increased heart
rate, increased cardiac
output, increased blood
pressure, coma, asphyxia,
and/or convulsions. It should
be noted that current
concentrations of CO2 in the
earth’s atmosphere are
estimated to be
approximately 370 ppm, the
actual reference exposure
level (level at which adverse
health effects typically
occur) is at exposure levels
of 5,000 ppm averaged over
10 hours in a 40-hour
workweek and short-term
reference exposure levels of
30,000 ppm averaged over a
15 minute period (15).

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19 GHGs Description Sources Health Effects
CH4 CH4 is an extremely effective
absorber of radiation, although
its atmospheric concentration is
less than CO2 and its lifetime in
the atmosphere is brief (10-12
years), compared to other GHGs.

CH4 has both natural
and anthropogenic
sources. It is
released as part of
the biological
processes in low
oxygen
environments, such
as in swamplands or
in rice production (at
the roots of the
plants). Over the last
50 years, human
activities such as
growing rice, raising
cattle, using natural
gas, and mining coal
have added to the
atmospheric
concentration of
CH4. Other
anthropocentric
sources include
fossil-fuel
combustion and
biomass burning
(16).

CH4 is extremely reactive
with oxidizers, halogens, and
other halogen-containing
compounds. Exposure to
elevated levels of CH4 can
cause asphyxiation, loss of
consciousness, headache
and dizziness, nausea and
vomiting, weakness, loss of
coordination, and an
increased breathing rate.

N2O N2O, also known as laughing gas,
is a colorless GHG.

Concentrations of N2O also
began to rise at the beginning of
the industrial revolution. In
1998, the global concentration
was 314 parts per billion (ppb).

N2O is produced by
microbial processes
in soil and water,
including those
reactions which
occur in fertilizer
containing nitrogen.

In addition to
agricultural sources,
some industrial
processes (fossil
fuel-fired power
plants, nylon
production, nitric
acid production, and
vehicle emissions)
also contribute to its
atmospheric load. It
is used as an aerosol
spray propellant, i.e.,
in whipped cream
N2O can cause dizziness,
euphoria, and sometimes
slight hallucinations. In small
doses, it is considered
harmless. However, in some
cases, heavy and extended
use can cause Olney’s
Lesions (brain damage) (17).

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bottles. It is also
used in potato chip
bags to keep chips
fresh. It is used in
rocket engines and
in race cars. N2O can
be transported into
the stratosphere, be
deposited on the
earth’s surface, and
be converted to
other compounds by
chemical reaction
(17).

Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
CFCs are gases formed
synthetically by replacing all
hydrogen atoms in CH4 or ethane
(C2H6) with chlorine and/or
fluorine atoms. CFCs are
nontoxic, nonflammable,
insoluble and chemically
unreactive in the troposphere
(the level of air at the earth’s
surface).

CFCs have no natural
source but were first
synthesized in 1928.

They were used for
refrigerants, aerosol
propellants and
cleaning solvents.

Due to the discovery
that they are able to
destroy
stratospheric ozone,
a global effort to halt
their production was
undertaken and was
extremely
successful, so much
so that levels of the
major CFCs are now
remaining steady or
declining. However,
their long
atmospheric
lifetimes mean that
some of the CFCs
would remain in the
atmosphere for over
100 years (18).

In confined indoor locations,
working with CFC-113 or
other CFCs is thought to
result in death by cardiac
arrhythmia (heart frequency
too high or too low) or
asphyxiation.

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21 GHGs Description Sources Health Effects
HFCs HFCs are synthetic, man-made
chemicals that are used as a
substitute for CFCs. Out of all the
GHGs, they are one of three
groups with the highest global
warming potential (GWP). The
HFCs with the largest measured
atmospheric abundances are (in
order), Fluoroform (HFC-23),
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a). Prior to 1990, the
only significant emissions were
of HFC-23. HCF-134a emissions
are increasing due to its use as a
refrigerant.

HFCs are manmade
for applications such
as automobile air
conditioners and
refrigerants.

No health effects are known
to result from exposure to
HFCs.

PFCs PFCs have stable molecular
structures and do not break
down through chemical
processes in the lower
atmosphere. High-energy
ultraviolet rays, which occur
about 60 kilometers above
earth’s surface, are able to
destroy the compounds. Because
of this, PFCs have exceptionally
long lifetimes, between 10,000
and 50,000 years. Two common
PFCs are tetrafluoromethane
(CF4) and hexafluoroethane
(C2F6). The EPA estimates that
concentrations of CF4 in the
atmosphere are over 70 parts
per trillion (ppt).

The two main
sources of PFCs are
primary aluminum
production and
semiconductor
manufacture.

No health effects are known
to result from exposure to
PFCs.

SF6 SF6 is an inorganic, odorless,
colorless, nontoxic,
nonflammable gas. It also has
the highest GWP of any gas
evaluated (23,900) (19). The EPA
indicates that concentrations in
the 1990s were about 4 ppt.

SF6 is used for
insulation in electric
power transmission
and distribution
equipment, in the
magnesium industry,
in semiconductor
manufacturing, and
as a tracer gas for
leak detection.

In high concentrations in
confined areas, the gas
presents the hazard of
suffocation because it
displaces the oxygen needed
for breathing.

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22 GHGs Description Sources Health Effects
Nitrogen Trifluoride
(NF3)
NF3 is a colorless gas with a
distinctly moldy odor. The World
Resources Institute (WRI)
indicates that NF3 has a 100-year
GWP of 17,200 (20).

NF3 is used in
industrial processes
and is produced in
the manufacturing of
semiconductors,
Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) panels, types
of solar panels, and
chemical lasers.

Long-term or repeated
exposure may affect the liver
and kidneys and may cause
fluorosis (21).

The potential health effects related directly to the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O as they relate to development projects such as the proposed Project are still being debated in the scientific community. Their cumulative effects to GCC have the potential to cause adverse effects to human health. Increases in Earth’s ambient temperatures would result in more intense heat waves, causing more heat-related deaths. Scientists also purport those higher ambient temperatures would increase disease survival rates and result in more widespread disease. Climate change would likely cause shifts in weather patterns, potentially resulting in devastating droughts and food shortages in some areas (22). Exhibit 2-A presents the potential impacts of global warming (23).

EXHIBIT 2-A: SUMMARY OF PROJECTED GLOBAL WARMING IMPACT, 2070-2099 (AS COMPARED WITH 1961-1990) Source: Barbara H. Allen-Diaz. “Climate change affects us all.” University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2009.

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23 2.4 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
GHGs have varying GWP values. GWP of a GHG indicates the amount of warming a gas cause over a given period of time and represents the potential of a gas to trap heat in the atmosphere. CO2 is utilized as the reference gas for GWP, and thus has a GWP of 1. CO2 equivalent (CO2e) is a term used for describing the difference GHGs in a common unit. CO2e signifies the amount of CO2 which would have the equivalent GWP.

The atmospheric lifetime and GWP of selected GHGs are summarized at Table 2-2. As shown in the table below, GWP for the 2nd Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s scientific and socio-economic assessment on climate change, range from 1 for CO2 to 23,900 for SF6 and GWP for the IPCC’s 5th Assessment Report range from 1 for CO2 to 23,500 for SF6 (24).

TABLE 2-2: GWP AND ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME OF SELECT GHGS
Gas Atmospheric Lifetime
(years)
GWP (100-year time horizon)
2nd Assessment Report 5th Assessment Report
CO2 See* 1 1
CH4 12 .4 21 28
N2O 121 310 265
HFC-23 222 11,700 12,400
HFC-134a 13.4 1,300 1,300
HFC-152a 1.5 140 138
SF6 3,200 23,900 23,500
*As per Appendix 8.A. of IPCC’s 5th Assessment Report, no single lifetime can be given.

Source: Table 2.14 of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, 2007

2.5 GHGEMISSIONS INVENTORIES

2.5.1 GLOBAL
Worldwide anthropogenic GHG emissions are tracked by the IPCC for industrialized nations (referred to as Annex I) and developing nations (referred to as Non-Annex I). Human GHG emissions data for Annex I nations are available through 2018. Based on the latest available data, the sum of these emissions totaled approximately 28,768,440 gigagram (Gg) CO2e1 (25) (26) as summarized on Table 2-3.
1 The global emissions are the sum of Annex I and non-Annex I countries, without counting Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF).

For countries without 2018 data, the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) data for the most recent year were used U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, “Annex I Parties – GHG total without LULUCF,” The most recent GHG emissions for China and India are from 2014 and 2010, respectively.

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24 2.5.2 UNITED STATES
As noted in Table 2-3, the United States, as a single country, was the number two producer of GHG emissions in 2018.

TABLE 2-3: TOP GHG PRODUCING COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION 2 Emitting Countries GHG Emissions (Gg CO2e)
China 12,300,200
United States 6,676,650
European Union (28-member countries) 4,232,274
Russian Federation 2,220,123
India 2,100,850
Japan 1,238,343
Total 28,768,440

2.5.3 STATE OF CALIFORNIA
California has significantly slowed the rate of growth of GHG emissions due to the implementation of energy efficiency programs as well as adoption of strict emission controls but is still a substantial contributor to the United States (U.S.) emissions inventory total (27). The California Air Resource Board (CARB) compiles GHG inventories for the State of California. Based upon the 2020 GHG inventory data (i.e., the latest year for which data are available) for the 2000- 2019 GHG emissions period, California emitted an average 418.1 million metric tons of CO2e per year (MMTCO2e/yr) or 418,100 Gg CO2e (6.26% of the total United States GHG emissions) (28).

2.6 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CALIFORNIA

2.6.1 PUBLIC HEALTH
Higher temperatures may increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of conditions conducive to air pollution formation. For example, days with weather conducive to ozone formation could increase from 25 to 35% under the lower warming range to 75 to 85% under the medium warming range. In addition, if global background ozone levels increase as predicted in some scenarios, it may become impossible to meet local air quality standards. Air quality could be further compromised by increases in wildfires, which emit fine particulate matter that can travel long distances, depending on wind conditions. Based on Our Changing Climate Assessing the Risks to California by the California Climate Change Center, large wildfires could become up to 55% more frequent if GHG emissions are not significantly reduced (29).

In addition, under the higher warming range scenario, there could be up to 100 more days per year with temperatures above 90°F in Los Angeles and 95°F in Sacramento by 2100. This is a 2 Used http://unfccc.int data for Annex I countries. Consulted the CAIT Climate Data Explorer in https://www.climatewatchdata.org site to reference Non-Annex I countries of China and India.

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25 significant increase over historical patterns and approximately twice the increase projected if temperatures remain within or below the lower warming range. Rising temperatures could increase the risk of death from dehydration, heat stroke/exhaustion, heart attack, stroke, and respiratory distress caused by extreme heat.

2.6.2 WATER RESOURCES
A vast network of man-made reservoirs and aqueducts captures and transports water throughout the state from northern California rivers and the Colorado River. The current distribution system relies on Sierra Nevada snowpack to supply water during the dry spring and summer months.

Rising temperatures, potentially compounded by decreases in precipitation, could severely reduce spring snowpack, increasing the risk of summer water shortages.

If temperatures continue to increase, more precipitation could fall as rain instead of snow, and the snow that does fall could melt earlier, reducing the Sierra Nevada spring snowpack by as much as 70 to 90%. Under the lower warming range scenario, snowpack losses could be only half as large as those possible if temperatures were to rise to the higher warming range. How much snowpack could be lost depends in part on future precipitation patterns, the projections for which remain uncertain. However, even under the wetter climate projections, the loss of snowpack could pose challenges to water managers and hamper hydropower generation. It could also adversely affect winter tourism. Under the lower warming range, the ski season at lower elevations could be reduced by as much as a month. If temperatures reach the higher warming range and precipitation declines, there might be many years with insufficient snow for skiing and snowboarding.

The State’s water supplies are also at risk from rising sea levels. An influx of saltwater could degrade California’s estuaries, wetlands, and groundwater aquifers. Saltwater intrusion caused by rising sea levels is a major threat to the quality and reliability of water within the southern edge of the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta – a major fresh water supply.

2.6.3 AGRICULTURE
Increased temperatures could cause widespread changes to the agriculture industry reducing the quantity and quality of agricultural products statewide. First, California farmers could possibly lose as much as 25% of the water supply needed. Although higher CO2 levels can stimulate plant production and increase plant water-use efficiency, California’s farmers could face greater water demand for crops and a less reliable water supply as temperatures rise. Crop growth and development could change, as could the intensity and frequency of pest and disease outbreaks.

Rising temperatures could aggravate ozone pollution, which makes plants more susceptible to disease and pests and interferes with plant growth.

Plant growth tends to be slow at low temperatures, increasing with rising temperatures up to a threshold. However, faster growth can result in less-than-optimal development for many crops, so rising temperatures could worsen the quantity and quality of yield for a number of California’s agricultural products. Products likely to be most affected include wine grapes, fruits, and nuts.

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26 In addition, continued GCC could shift the ranges of existing invasive plants and weeds and alter competition patterns with native plants. Range expansion could occur in many species while range contractions may be less likely in rapidly evolving species with significant populations already established. Should range contractions occur, new or different weed species could fill the emerging gaps. Continued GCC could alter the abundance and types of many pests, lengthen pests’ breeding season, and increase pathogen growth rates.

2.6.4 FORESTS AND LANDSCAPES
GCC has the potential to intensify the current threat to forests and landscapes by increasing the risk of wildfire and altering the distribution and character of natural vegetation. If temperatures rise into the medium warming range, the risk of large wildfires in California could increase by as much as 55%, which is almost twice the increase expected if temperatures stay in the lower warming range. However, since wildfire risk is determined by a combination of factors, including precipitation, winds, temperature, and landscape and vegetation conditions, future risks would not be uniform throughout the state. In contrast, wildfires in northern California could increase by up to 90% due to decreased precipitation.

Moreover, continued GCC has the potential to alter natural ecosystems and biological diversity within the state. For example, alpine and subalpine ecosystems could decline by as much as 60 to 80% by the end of the century as a result of increasing temperatures. The productivity of the state’s forests has the potential to decrease as a result of GCC.

2.6.5 RISING SEA LEVELS
Rising sea levels, more intense coastal storms, and warmer water temperatures could increasingly threaten the state’s coastal regions. Under the higher warming range scenario, sea level is anticipated to rise 22 to 35 inches by 2100. Elevations of this magnitude would inundate low-lying coastal areas with saltwater, accelerate coastal erosion, threaten vital levees and inland water systems, and disrupt wetlands and natural habitats. Under the lower warming range scenario, sea level could rise 12-14 inches.

2.7 REGULATORY SETTING

2.7.1 INTERNATIONAL
Climate change is a global issue involving GHG emissions from all around the world; therefore, countries such as the ones discussed below have made an effort to reduce GHGs.

IPCC
In 1988, the United Nations (U.N.) and the World Meteorological Organization established the IPCC to assess the scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts, and options for adaptation and mitigation.

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27 UNITED NATION’S FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC) On March 21, 1994, the U.S. joined a number of countries around the world in signing the Convention. Under the UNFCCC, governments gather and share information on GHG emissions, national policies, and best practices; launch national strategies for addressing GHG emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries; and cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change.

INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE TREATIES
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the UNFCCC. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing GHG emissions at an average of 5% against 1990 levels over the fiveyear period 2008–2012. The Convention (as discussed above) encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize emissions; however, the Protocol commits them to do so. Developed countries have contributed more emissions over the last 150 years; therefore, the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities.”
In 2001, President George W. Bush indicated that he would not submit the treaty to the U.S.

Senate for ratification, which effectively ended American involvement in the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009, international leaders met in Copenhagen to address the future of international climate change commitments post-Kyoto. No binding agreement was reached in Copenhagen; however, the UN Climate Change Committee identified the long-term goal of limiting the maximum global average temperature increase to no more than 2 degrees Celsius (°C) above preindustrial levels, subject to a review in 2015. The Committee held additional meetings in Durban, South Africa in November 2011; Doha, Qatar in November 2012; and Warsaw, Poland in November 2013. The meetings gradually gained consensus among participants on individual climate change issues.

On September 23, 2014, more than 100 Heads of State and Government and leaders from the private sector and civil society met at the Climate Summit in New York hosted by the U.N. At the Summit, heads of government, business and civil society announced actions in areas that would have the greatest impact on reducing emissions, including climate finance, energy, transport, industry, agriculture, cities, forests, and building resilience.

Parties to the UNFCCC reached a landmark agreement on December 12, 2015, in Paris, charting a fundamentally new course in the two-decade-old global climate effort. Culminating a four-year negotiating round, the new treaty ends the strict differentiation between developed and developing countries that characterized earlier efforts, replacing it with a common framework that commits all countries to put forward their best efforts and to strengthen them in the years ahead. This includes, for the first time, requirements that all parties report regularly on their emissions and implementation efforts and undergo international review.

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28 The agreement and a companion decision by parties were the key outcomes of the conference, known as the 21st session of the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP) 21. Together, the Paris Agreement and the accompanying COP decision:
• Reaffirm the goal of limiting global temperature increase well below 2°C, while urging efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees;
• Establish binding commitments by all parties to make “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs), and to pursue domestic measures aimed at achieving them; • Commit all countries to report regularly on their emissions and “progress made in implementing and achieving” their NDCs, and to undergo international review; • Commit all countries to submit new NDCs every five years, with the clear expectation that they would “represent a progression” beyond previous ones; • Reaffirm the binding obligations of developed countries under the UNFCCC to support the efforts of developing countries, while for the first time encouraging voluntary contributions by developing countries too;
• Extend the current goal of mobilizing $100 billion a year in support by 2020 through 2025, with a new, higher goal to be set for the period after 2025; • Extend a mechanism to address “loss and damage” resulting from climate change, which explicitly would not “involve or provide a basis for any liability or compensation;” • Require parties engaging in international emissions trading to avoid “double counting;” and • Call for a new mechanism, similar to the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, enabling emission reductions in one country to be counted toward another country’s NDC (C2ES 2015a) (30).

Following President Biden’s day one executive order, the United States officially rejoined the landmark Paris Agreement on February 19, 2021, positioning the country to once again be part of the global climate solution. Meanwhile, city, state, business, and civic leaders across the country and around the world have been ramping up efforts to drive the clean energy advances needed to meet the goals of the agreement and put the brakes on dangerous climate change.

2.7.2 NATIONAL
Prior to the last decade, there have been no concrete federal regulations of GHGs or major planning for climate change adaptation. The following are actions regarding the federal government, GHGs, and fuel efficiency.

GHGENDANGERMENT
In Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency 549 U.S. 497 (2007), decided on April 2, 2007, the United States Supreme Court (Supreme Court) found that four GHGs, including CO2, are air pollutants subject to regulation under Section 202(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The Supreme Court held that the EPA Administrator must determine whether emissions of GHGs from new motor vehicles cause or contribute to air pollution, which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare, or whether the science is too uncertain to make a reasoned

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29 decision. On December 7, 2009, the EPA Administrator signed two distinct findings regarding GHGs under section 202(a) of the CAA:
• Endangerment Finding: The Administrator finds that the current and projected concentrations of the six key well-mixed GHGs— CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6—in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations. • Cause or Contribute Finding: The Administrator finds that the combined emissions of these well-mixed GHGs from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines contribute to the GHG pollution, which threatens public health and welfare.

These findings do not impose requirements on industry or other entities. However, this was a prerequisite for implementing GHG emissions standards for vehicles, as discussed in the section “Clean Vehicles” below. After a lengthy legal challenge, the Supreme Court declined to review an Appeals Court ruling that upheld the EPA Administrator’s findings (31).

CLEAN VEHICLES
Congress first passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy law in 1975 to increase the fuel economy of cars and light duty trucks. The law has become more stringent over time. On May 19, 2009, President Obama put in motion a new national policy to increase fuel economy for all new cars and trucks sold in the U.S. On April 1, 2010, the EPA, and the Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) announced a joint final rule establishing a national program that would reduce GHG emissions and improve fuel economy for new cars and trucks sold in the U.S.

The first phase of the national program applies to passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty (MD) passenger vehicles, covering model years 2012 through 2016. They require these vehicles to meet an estimated combined average emissions level of 250 grams of CO2 per mile, equivalent to 35.5 miles per gallon (mpg) if the automobile industry were to meet this CO2 level solely through fuel economy improvements. Together, these standards would cut CO2 emissions by an estimated 960 million metric tons and 1.8 billion barrels of oil over the lifetime of the vehicles sold under the program (model years 2012–2016). The EPA and the NHTSA issued final rules on a second-phase joint rulemaking establishing national standards for light-duty vehicles for model years 2017 through 2025 in August 2012. The new standards for model years 2017 through 2025 apply to passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and MD passenger vehicles. The final standards are projected to result in an average industry fleetwide level of 163 grams/mile of CO2 in model year 2025, which is equivalent to 54.5 mpg if achieved exclusively through fuel economy improvements.

The EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation issued final rules for the first national standards to reduce GHG emissions and improve fuel efficiency of heavy-duty trucks (HDT) and buses on September 15, 2011, effective November 14, 2011. For combination tractors, the agencies are proposing engine and vehicle standards that begin in the 2014 model year and achieve up to a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions and fuel consumption by the 2018 model year.

For HDT and vans, the agencies are proposing separate gasoline and diesel truck standards, which phase in starting in the 2014 model year and achieve up to a 10% reduction for gasoline vehicles and a 15% reduction for diesel vehicles by the 2018 model year (12 and 17% respectively if

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30 accounting for air conditioning leakage). Lastly, for vocational vehicles, the engine and vehicle standards would achieve up to a 10% reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from the 2014 to 2018 model years.

On April 2, 2018, the EPA signed the Mid-term Evaluation Final Determination, which declared that the MY 2022-2025 GHG standards are not appropriate and should be revised (32). This Final Determination serves to initiate a notice to further consider appropriate standards for MY 2022- 2025 light-duty vehicles. On August 2, 2018, the NHTSA in conjunction with the EPA, released a notice of proposed rulemaking, the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks (SAFE Vehicles Rule). The SAFE Vehicles Rule was proposed to amend exiting Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and tailpipe CO2 standards for passenger cars and light trucks and to establish new standards covering model years 2021 through 2026. As of March 31, 2020, the NHTSA and EPA finalized the SAFE Vehicle Rule which increased stringency of CAFE and CO2 emissions standards by 1.5% each year through model year 2026 (33). However, on March 14, 2022, EPA rescinded the SAFE Vehicles Rule, once again allowing California to enforce its own GHG emissions standards.

MANDATORY REPORTING OF GHGS
The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008, passed in December 2007, requires the establishment of mandatory GHG reporting requirements. On September 22, 2009, the EPA issued the Final Mandatory Reporting of GHGs Rule, which became effective January 1, 2010. The rule requires reporting of GHG emissions from large sources and suppliers in the U.S. and is intended to collect accurate and timely emissions data to inform future policy decisions. Under the rule, suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial GHGs, manufacturers of vehicles and engines, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons per year (MT/yr) or more of GHG emissions are required to submit annual reports to the EPA.

NEW SOURCE REVIEW
The EPA issued a final rule on May 13, 2010, that establishes thresholds for GHGs that define when permits under the New Source Review Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V Operating Permit programs are required for new and existing industrial facilities. This final rule “tailors” the requirements of these CAA permitting programs to limit which facilities would be required to obtain Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V permits. In the preamble to the revisions to the Federal Code of Regulations, the EPA states:
“This rulemaking is necessary because without it the Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V requirements would apply, as of January 2, 2011, at the 100 or 250 tons per year levels provided under the CAA, greatly increasing the number of required permits, imposing undue costs on small sources, overwhelming the resources of permitting authorities, and severely impairing the functioning of the programs. EPA is relieving these resource burdens by phasing in the applicability of these programs to GHG sources, starting with the largest GHG emitters. This rule establishes two initial steps of the phase-in. The rule also commits the agency to take certain actions on future steps addressing smaller

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31 sources but excludes certain smaller sources from Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V permitting for GHG emissions until at least April 30, 2016.”
The EPA estimates that facilities responsible for nearly 70% of the national GHG emissions from stationary sources would be subject to permitting requirements under this rule. This includes the nation’s largest GHG emitters—power plants, refineries, and cement production facilities.

CAP-AND-TRADE
Cap-and-trade refers to a policy tool where emissions are limited to a certain amount and can be traded or provides flexibility on how the emitter can comply. Successful examples in the U.S. include the Acid Rain Program and the N2O Budget Trading Program and Clean Air Interstate Rule in the northeast. There is no federal GHG cap-and-trade program currently; however, some states have joined to create initiatives to provide a mechanism for cap-and-trade.

The Regional GHG Initiative is an effort to reduce GHGs among the states of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Each state caps CO2 emissions from power plants, auctions CO2 emission allowances, and invests the proceeds in strategic energy programs that further reduce emissions, save consumers money, create jobs, and build a clean energy economy. The Initiative began in 2008 and in 2020 has retained all participating states.

The Western Climate Initiative (WCI) partner jurisdictions have developed a comprehensive initiative to reduce regional GHG emissions to 15% below 2005 levels by 2020. The partners were originally California, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. However, Manitoba and Ontario are not currently participating. California linked with Quebec’s cap-and-trade system January 1, 2014, and joint offset auctions took place in 2015. While the WCI has yet to publish whether it has successfully reached the 2020 emissions goal initiative set in 2007, SB 32 requires that California, a major partner in the WCI, adopt the goal of reducing statewide GHG emissions to 40% below the 1990 level by 2030.

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32 SMARTWAY PROGRAM
The SmartWay Program is a public‐private initiative between the EPA, large and small trucking companies, rail carriers, logistics companies, commercial manufacturers, retailers, and other federal and state agencies. Its purpose is to improve fuel efficiency and the environmental performance (reduction of both GHG emissions and air pollution) of the goods movement supply chains. SmartWay is comprised of four components (34):

1. SmartWay Transport Partnership: A partnership in which freight carriers and shippers commit to benchmark operations, track fuel consumption, and improve performance annually.

2. SmartWay Technology Program: A testing, verification, and designation program to help freight companies identify equipment, technologies, and strategies that save fuel and lower emissions.

3. SmartWay Vehicles: A program that ranks light‐duty cars and small trucks and identifies superior environmental performers with the SmartWay logo.

4. SmartWay International Interests: Guidance and resources for countries seeking to develop freight sustainability programs modeled after SmartWay.

SmartWay effectively refers to requirements geared towards reducing fuel consumption. Most large trucking fleets driving newer vehicles are compliant with SmartWay design requirements.

Moreover, over time, all HDTs would have to comply with the CARB GHG Regulation that is designed with the SmartWay Program in mind, to reduce GHG emissions by making them more fuel‐efficient. For instance, in 2015, 53 foot or longer dry vans or refrigerated trailers equipped with a combination of SmartWay-verified low-rolling resistance tires and SmartWay-verified aerodynamic devices would obtain a total of 10% or more fuel savings over traditional trailers.

Through the SmartWay Technology Program, the EPA has evaluated the fuel saving benefits of various devices through grants, cooperative agreements, emissions, and fuel economy testing, demonstration projects and technical literature review. As a result, the EPA has determined the following types of technologies provide fuel saving and/or emission reducing benefits when used properly in their designed applications, and has verified certain products:
• Idle reduction technologies – less idling of the engine when it is not needed would reduce fuel consumption.
• Aerodynamic technologies minimize drag and improve airflow over the entire tractor‐trailer vehicle. Aerodynamic technologies include gap fairings that reduce turbulence between the tractor and trailer, side skirts that minimize wind under the trailer, and rear fairings that reduce turbulence and pressure drop at the rear of the trailer. • Low rolling resistance tires can roll longer without slowing down, thereby reducing the amount of fuel used. Rolling resistance (or rolling friction or rolling drag) is the force resisting the motion when a tire rolls on a surface. The wheel would eventually slow down because of this resistance.
• Retrofit technologies include things such as diesel particulate filters, emissions upgrades (to a higher tier), etc., which would reduce emissions.
• Federal excise tax exemptions.

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33 EXECUTIVE ORDER 13990
On January 20, 2021, Federal agencies were directed to immediately review, and take action to address, Federal regulations promulgated and other actions taken during the last 4 years that conflict with national objectives to improve public health and the environment; ensure access to clean air and water; limit exposure to dangerous chemicals and pesticides; hold polluters accountable, including those who disproportionately harm communities of color and low-income communities; reduce greenhouse gas emissions; bolster resilience to the impacts of climate change; restore and expand our national treasures and monuments; and prioritize both environmental justice and employment.

2.7.3 CALIFORNIA

2.7.3.1 LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS TO REDUCE GHGS
The State of California legislature has enacted a series of bills that constitute the most aggressive program to reduce GHGs of any state in the nation. Some legislation such as the landmark AB 32 was specifically enacted to address GHG emissions. Other legislation such as Title 24 and Title 20 energy standards were originally adopted for other purposes such as energy and water conservation, but also provide GHG reductions. This section describes the major provisions of the legislation.

AB 32
The California State Legislature enacted AB 32, which required that GHGs emitted in California be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020 (this goal has been met3). GHGs as defined under AB 32 include CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6. Since AB 32 was enacted, a seventh chemical, NF3, has also been added to the list of GHGs. CARB is the state agency charged with monitoring and regulating sources of GHGs. Pursuant to AB 32, CARB adopted regulations to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective GHG emission reductions. AB 32 states the following:
“Global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources, and the environment of California. The potential adverse impacts of global warming include the exacerbation of air quality problems, a reduction in the quality and supply of water to the state from the Sierra snowpack, a rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of thousands of coastal businesses and residences, damage to marine ecosystems and the natural environment, and an increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, asthma, and other human health-related problems.”
SB 375
On September 30, 2008, SB 375 was signed by Governor Schwarzenegger. According to SB 375, the transportation sector is the largest contributor of GHG emissions, which emits over 40% of the total 3 Based upon the 2019 GHG inventory data (i.e., the latest year for which data are available) for the 2000-2017 GHG emissions period, California emitted an average 424.1 MMTCO2e (53). This is less than the 2020 emissions target of 431 MMTCO2e.

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34 GHG emissions in California. SB 375 states, “Without improved land use and transportation policy, California would not be able to achieve the goals of AB 32.” SB 375 does the following: it (1) requires metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to include sustainable community strategies in their regional transportation plans for reducing GHG emissions, (2) aligns planning for transportation and housing, and (3) creates specified incentives for the implementation of the strategies.

SB 375 requires MPOs to prepare a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) within the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) that guides growth while taking into account the transportation, housing, environmental, and economic needs of the region. SB 375 uses CEQA streamlining as an incentive to encourage residential projects, which help achieve AB 32 goals to reduce GHG emissions. Although SB 375 does not prevent CARB from adopting additional regulations, such actions are not anticipated in the foreseeable future.

Concerning CEQA, SB 375, as codified in Public Resources Code Section 21159.28, states that CEQA findings for certain projects are not required to reference, describe, or discuss (1) growth inducing impacts, or (2) any project-specific or cumulative impacts from cars and light-duty truck trips generated by the project on global warming or the regional transportation network, if the project:

1. Is in an area with an approved sustainable communities strategy or an alternative planning strategy that CARB accepts as achieving the GHG emission reduction targets.

2. Is consistent with that strategy (in designation, density, building intensity, and applicable policies).

3. Incorporates the MMs required by an applicable prior environmental document.

AB 1493 - Pavley Fuel Efficiency Standards
Enacted on July 22, 2002, California AB 1493, also known as the Pavley Fuel Efficiency Standards, required CARB to develop and adopt regulations that reduce GHGs emitted by passenger vehicles and light duty trucks. Implementation of the regulation was delayed by lawsuits filed by automakers and by the EPA’s denial of an implementation waiver. The EPA subsequently granted the requested waiver in 2009, which was upheld by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in 2011.

The standards phase in during the 2009 through 2016 MY. Several technologies stand out as providing significant reductions in emissions at favorable costs. These include discrete variable valve lift or camless valve actuation to optimize valve operation rather than relying on fixed valve timing and lift as has historically been done; turbocharging to boost power and allow for engine downsizing; improved multi-speed transmissions; and improved air conditioning systems that operate optimally, leak less, and/or use an alternative refrigerant.

The second phase of the implementation for the Pavley bill was incorporated into Amendments to the Low-Emission Vehicle Program (LEV III) or the Advanced Clean Cars (ACC) program. The ACC program combines the control of smog-causing pollutants and GHG emissions into a single coordinated package of requirements for MY 2017 through 2025. The regulation would reduce GHGs from new cars by 34% from 2016 levels by 2025. The new rules would clean up gasoline and diesel-powered cars, and deliver increasing numbers of zero-emission technologies, such as full battery electric cars, newly emerging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EV) and hydrogen fuel

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35 cell cars. The package would also ensure adequate fueling infrastructure is available for the increasing numbers of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles planned for deployment in California.

CLEAN ENERGY AND POLLUTION REDUCTION ACT OF 2015 (SB 350) In October 2015, the legislature approved, and Governor Jerry Brown signed SB 350, which reaffirms California’s commitment to reducing its GHG emissions and addressing climate change.

Key provisions include an increase in the RPS, higher energy efficiency requirements for buildings, initial strategies towards a regional electricity grid, and improved infrastructure for EV charging stations. Provisions for a 50% reduction in the use of petroleum statewide were removed from the Bill because of opposition and concern that it would prevent the Bill’s passage. Specifically, SB 350 requires the following to reduce statewide GHG emissions:
• Increase the amount of electricity procured from renewable energy sources from 33% to 50% by 2030, with interim targets of 40% by 2024, and 25% by 2027. • Double the energy efficiency in existing buildings by 2030. This target would be achieved through the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), the California Energy Commission (CEC), and local publicly owned utilities.
• Reorganize the Independent System Operator (ISO) to develop more regional electrify transmission markets and to improve accessibility in these markets, which would facilitate the growth of renewable energy markets in the western United States.

SB 32
On September 8, 2016, Governor Brown signed SB 32 and its companion bill, AB 197. SB 32 requires the state to reduce statewide GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, a reduction target that was first introduced in Executive Order B-30-15. The new legislation builds upon the AB 32 goal and provides an intermediate goal to achieving S-3-05, which sets a statewide GHG reduction target of 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. AB 197 creates a legislative committee to oversee regulators to ensure that CARB not only responds to the Governor, but also the Legislature (11).

CARB SCOPING PLAN UPDATE
In November 2017, CARB released the Final 2017 Scoping Plan Update (2017 Scoping Plan), which identifies the State’s post-2020 reduction strategy. The 2017 Scoping Plan reflects the 2030 target of a 40% reduction below 1990 levels, set by Executive Order B-30-15 and codified by SB

32. Key programs that the proposed Second Update builds upon include the Cap-and-Trade Regulation, the LCFS, and much cleaner cars, trucks, and freight movement, utilizing cleaner, renewable energy, and strategies to reduce CH4 emissions from agricultural and other wastes.

The 2017 Scoping Plan establishes a new emissions limit of 260 MMTCO2e for the year 2030, which corresponds to a 40% decrease in 1990 levels by 2030 (35).

California’s climate strategy would require contributions from all sectors of the economy, including the land base, and would include enhanced focus on zero and near-zero emission (ZE/NZE) vehicle technologies; continued investment in renewables, including solar roofs, wind, and other distributed generation; greater use of low carbon fuels; integrated land conservation

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36 and development strategies; coordinated efforts to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (CH4, black carbon, and fluorinated gases); and an increased focus on integrated land use planning to support livable, transit-connected communities and conservation of agricultural and other lands. Requirements for direct GHG reductions at refineries would further support air quality co-benefits in neighborhoods, including in disadvantaged communities historically located adjacent to these large stationary sources, as well as efforts with California’s local air pollution control and air quality management districts (air districts) to tighten emission limits on a broad spectrum of industrial sources. Major elements of the 2017 Scoping Plan framework include:
• Implementing and/or increasing the standards of the Mobile Source Strategy, which include increasing zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) buses and trucks. • LCFS, with an increased stringency (18% by 2030).
• Implementing SB 350, which expands the RPS to 50% RPS and doubles energy efficiency savings by 2030.
• California Sustainable Freight Action Plan, which improves freight system efficiency, utilizes near-zero emissions technology, and deployment of ZEV trucks. • Implementing the proposed Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Strategy (SLPS), which focuses on reducing CH4 and HCF emissions by 40% and anthropogenic black carbon emissions by 50% by year 2030.
• Continued implementation of SB 375.
• Post-2020 Cap-and-Trade Program that includes declining caps. • 20% reduction in GHG emissions from refineries by 2030. • Development of a Natural and Working Lands Action Plan to secure California’s land base as a net carbon sink.

Note, however, that the 2017 Scoping Plan acknowledges that:
“[a]chieving net zero increases in GHG emissions, resulting in no contribution to GHG impacts, may not be feasible or appropriate for every project, however, and the inability of a project to mitigate its GHG emissions to net zero does not imply the project results in a substantial contribution to the cumulatively significant environmental impact of climate change under CEQA.”
In addition to the statewide strategies listed above, the 2017 Scoping Plan also identifies local governments as essential partners in achieving the State’s long-term GHG reduction goals and identifies local actions to reduce GHG emissions. As part of the recommended actions, CARB recommends that local governments achieve a community-wide goal to achieve emissions of no more than 6 metric tons of CO2e (MTCO2e) or less per capita by 2030 and 2 MTCO2e or less per capita by 2050. For CEQA projects, CARB states that lead agencies may develop evidence-based bright-line numeric thresholds—consistent with the 2017 Scoping Plan and the State’s long-term GHG goals—and projects with emissions over that amount may be required to incorporate onsite design features and MMs that avoid or minimize project emissions to the degree feasible; or a performance-based metric using a CAP or other plan to reduce GHG emissions is appropriate.

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37 According to research conducted by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and supported by CARB, California, under its existing and proposed GHG reduction policies, could achieve the 2030 goals under SB 32. The research utilized a new, validated model known as the California LBNL GHG Analysis of Policies Spreadsheet (CALGAPS), which simulates GHG and criteria pollutant emissions in California from 2010 to 2050 in accordance to existing and future GHG-reducing policies. The CALGAPS model showed that by 2030, emissions could range from 211 to 428 MTCO2e per year (MTCO2e/yr), indicating that “even if all modeled policies are not implemented, reductions could be sufficient to reduce emissions 40% below the 1990 level [of SB 32].” CALGAPS analyzed emissions through 2050 even though it did not generally account for policies that might be put in place after 2030. Although the research indicated that the emissions would not meet the State’s 80% reduction goal by 2050, various combinations of policies could allow California’s cumulative emissions to remain very low through 2050 (36) (37).

CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAM
The 2017 Scoping Plan identifies a Cap-and-Trade Program as one of the key strategies for California to reduce GHG emissions. According to CARB, a cap-and-trade program would help put California on the path to meet its goal of achieving a 40% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2030. Under cap-and-trade, an overall limit on GHG emissions from capped sectors is established, and facilities subject to the cap would be able to trade permits to emit GHGs within the overall limit.

CARB adopted a California Cap-and-Trade Program pursuant to its authority under AB 32. The Cap-and-Trade Program is designed to reduce GHG emissions from regulated entities by more than 16% between 2013 and 2020, and by an additional 40% by 2030. The statewide cap for GHG emissions from the capped sectors (e.g., electricity generation, petroleum refining, and cement production) commenced in 2013 and would decline over time, achieving GHG emission reductions throughout the program’s duration.

Covered entities that emit more than 25,000 MTCO2e/yr must comply with the Cap-and-Trade Program. Triggering of the 25,000 MTCO2e/yr “inclusion threshold” is measured against a subset of emissions reported and verified under the California Regulation for the Mandatory Reporting of GHG Emissions (Mandatory Reporting Rule or “MRR”).

Under the Cap-and-Trade Program, CARB issues allowances equal to the total amount of allowable emissions over a given compliance period and distributes these to regulated entities.

Covered entities are allocated free allowances in whole or part (if eligible), and may buy allowances at auction, purchase allowances from others, or purchase offset credits. Each covered entity with a compliance obligation is required to surrender “compliance instruments” for each MTCO2e of GHG they emit. There also are requirements to surrender compliance instruments covering 30% of the prior year’s compliance obligation by November of each year (38).

The Cap-and-Trade Program provides a firm cap, which provides the highest certainty of achieving the 2030 target. An inherent feature of the Cap-and-Trade program is that it does not guarantee GHG emissions reductions in any discrete location or by any particular source. Rather,

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38 GHG emissions reductions are only guaranteed on an accumulative basis. As summarized by CARB in the First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan:
“The Cap-and-Trade Regulation gives companies the flexibility to trade allowances with others or take steps to cost-effectively reduce emissions at their own facilities.

Companies that emit more have to turn in more allowances or other compliance instruments. Companies that can cut their GHG emissions have to turn in fewer allowances. But as the cap declines, aggregate emissions must be reduced. In other words, a covered entity theoretically could increase its GHG emissions every year and still comply with the Cap-and-Trade Program if there is a reduction in GHG emissions from other covered entities. Such a focus on aggregate GHG emissions is considered appropriate because climate change is a global phenomenon, and the effects of GHG emissions are considered cumulative.” (39) The Cap-and-Trade Program covers approximately 80% of California’s GHG emissions (35). The Cap-and-Trade Program covers the GHG emissions associated with electricity consumed in California, whether generated in-state or imported. Accordingly, GHG emissions associated with CEQA projects’ electricity usage are covered by the Cap-and-Trade Program. The Cap-and-Trade Program also covers fuel suppliers (natural gas and propane fuel providers and transportation fuel providers) to address emissions from such fuels and from combustion of other fossil fuels not directly covered at large sources in the Program’s first compliance period. The Cap-and-Trade Program covers the GHG emissions associated with the combustion of transportation fuels in California, whether refined in-state or imported.

2.7.3.2 EXECUTIVE ORDERS RELATED TO GHGEMISSIONS
California’s Executive Branch has taken several actions to reduce GHGs through the use of Executive Orders. Although not regulatory, they set the tone for the state and guide the actions of state agencies.

EXECUTIVE ORDER S-3-05
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced on June 1, 2005, through Executive Order S-3-05, the following reduction targets for GHG emissions:
• By 2010, reduce GHG emissions to 2000 levels.
• By 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels.
• By 2050, reduce GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels.

The 2050 reduction goal represents what some scientists believe is necessary to reach levels that would stabilize the climate. The 2020 goal was established to be a mid-term target. Because this is an executive order, the goals are not legally enforceable for local governments or the private sector.

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39 EXECUTIVE ORDER S-01-07 (LCFS)
Governor Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S-01-07 on January 18, 2007. The order mandates that a statewide goal shall be established to reduce the carbon intensity of California’s transportation fuels by at least 10% by 2020. CARB adopted the LCFS on April 23, 2009.

The LCFS was challenged in the U.S. District Court in Fresno in 2011. The court’s ruling issued on December 29, 2011, included a preliminary injunction against CARB’s implementation of the rule.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals stayed the injunction on April 23, 2012, pending final ruling on appeal, allowing CARB to continue to implement and enforce the regulation. The Ninth Circuit Court’s decision, filed September 18, 2013, vacated the preliminary injunction. In essence, the court held that LCFS adopted by CARB were not in conflict with federal law. On August 8, 2013, the Fifth District Court of Appeal (California) ruled CARB failed to comply with CEQA and the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) when adopting regulations for LCFS. In a partially published opinion, the Court of Appeal reversed the trial court’s judgment and directed issuance of a writ of mandate setting aside Resolution 09-31 and two executive orders of CARB approving LCFS regulations promulgated to reduce GHG emissions. However, the court tailored its remedy to protect the public interest by allowing the LCFS regulations to remain operative while CARB complies with the procedural requirements it failed to satisfy.

To address the Court ruling, CARB was required to bring a new LCFS regulation to the Board for consideration in February 2015. The proposed LCFS regulation was required to contain revisions to the 2010 LCFS as well as new provisions designed to foster investments in the production of the low-carbon intensity fuels, offer additional flexibility to regulated parties, update critical technical information, simplify, and streamline program operations, and enhance enforcement.

On November 16, 2015, the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) approved the Final Rulemaking Package. The new LCFS regulation became effective on January 1, 2016.

In 2018, CARB approved amendments to the regulation, which included strengthening the carbon intensity benchmarks through 2030 in compliance with the SB 32 GHG emissions reduction target for 2030. The amendments included crediting opportunities to promote zero emission vehicle adoption, alternative jet fuel, carbon capture and sequestration, and advanced technologies to achieve deep decarbonization in the transportation sector (40).

EXECUTIVE ORDER S-13-08
Executive Order S-13-08 states that “climate change in California during the next century is expected to shift precipitation patterns, accelerate sea level rise and increase temperatures, thereby posing a serious threat to California’s economy, to the health and welfare of its population and to its natural resources.” Pursuant to the requirements in the Order, the 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy (CNRA 2009) was adopted, which is the “…first statewide, multi-sector, region-specific, and information-based climate change adaptation strategy in the United States.” Objectives include analyzing risks of climate change in California, identifying, and exploring strategies to adapt to climate change, and specifying a direction for future research.

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40 EXECUTIVE ORDER B-30-15
On April 29, 2015, Governor Brown issued an executive order to establish a California GHG reduction target of 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. The Governor’s executive order aligned California’s GHG reduction targets with those of leading international governments ahead of the U.N. Climate Change Conference in Paris late 2015. The Order sets a new interim statewide GHG emission reduction target to reduce GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 in order to ensure California meets its target of reducing GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 and directs CARB to update the 2017 Scoping Plan to express the 2030 target in terms of MMTCO2e. The Order also requires the state’s climate adaptation plan to be updated every three years, and for the State to continue its climate change research program, among other provisions.

As with Executive Order S-3-05, this Order is not legally enforceable as to local governments and the private sector. Legislation that would update AB 32 to make post 2020 targets and requirements a mandate is in process in the State Legislature.

EXECUTIVE ORDER B-55-18 AND SB 100
SB 100 and Executive Order B-55-18 were signed by Governor Brown on September 10, 2018.

Under the existing RPS, 25% of retail sales of electricity are required to be from renewable sources by December 31, 2016, 33% by December 31, 2020, 40% by December 31, 2024, 45% by December 31, 2027, and 50% by December 31, 2030. SB 100 raises California’s RPS requirement to 50% renewable resources target by December 31, 2026, and to achieve a 60% target by December 31, 2030. SB 100 also requires that retail sellers and local publicly owned electric utilities procure a minimum quantity of electricity products from eligible renewable energy resources so that the total kilowatt hours (kWh) of those products sold to their retail end-use customers achieve 44% of retail sales by December 31, 2024, 52% by December 31, 2027, and 60% by December 31, 2030. In addition to targets under AB 32 and SB 32, Executive Order B-55- 18 establishes a carbon neutrality goal for the state of California by 2045; and sets a goal to maintain net negative emissions thereafter. The Executive Order directs the California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA), California EPA (CalEPA), the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), and CARB to include sequestration targets in the Natural and Working Lands Climate Change Implementation Plan consistent with the carbon neutrality goal.

2.7.3.3 CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS AND BUILDING CODES
California has a long history of adopting regulations to improve energy efficiency in new and remodeled buildings. These regulations have kept California’s energy consumption relatively flat even with rapid population growth.

TITLE 20 CCR SECTIONS 1601 ET SEQ. – APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY REGULATIONS The Appliance Efficiency Regulations regulate the sale of appliances in California. The Appliance Efficiency Regulations include standards for both federally regulated appliances and nonfederally regulated appliances. 23 categories of appliances are included in the scope of these regulations. The standards within these regulations apply to appliances that are sold or offered for sale in California, except those sold wholesale in California for final retail sale outside the state

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41 and those designed and sold exclusively for use in recreational vehicles (RV) or other mobile equipment (CEC 2012).

TITLE 24 CCR PART 6 – CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE
The California Energy Code was first adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption.

The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficient technologies and methods. The most recent update to the California Energy Code was a on August 11, 2021. Buildings whose permit applications are submitted after January 1, 2023 must comply with the 2022 Energy Code.

The 2022 California Energy Code includes the following updates relevant to the proposed Project:
• In warehouse aisles and open spaces, occupant sensing lighting that dims to at least 50 percent when areas are unoccupied (4.130.1.C).
• Space conditioning systems for office spaces in warehouses must utilize a heat pump for all climate zones (5.140.4.A).

TITLE 24 CCR PART 11 – CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE CCR, Title 24, Part 11: California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) is a comprehensive and uniform regulatory code for all residential, commercial, and school buildings that went in effect on August 1, 2009, and is administered by the California Building Standards Commission.

CALGreen is updated on a regular basis, with the most recent approved update consisting of the 2022 California Green Building Code Standards that will be effective on January 1, 2023. The CEC anticipates that the 2022 energy code will provide $1.5 billion in consumer benefits and reduce GHG emissions by 10 million metric tons (41). The Project would be required to comply with the applicable standards in place at the time building permit document submittals are made.

These require, among other items (42):

NONRESIDENTIAL MANDATORY MEASURES
• Short-term bicycle parking. If the new project or an additional alteration is anticipated to generate visitor traffic, provide permanently anchored bicycle racks within 200 feet of the visitors’ entrance, readily visible to passers-by, for 5% of new visitor motorized vehicle parking spaces being added, with a minimum of one two-bike capacity rack (5.106.4.1.1).
• Long-term bicycle parking. For new buildings with tenant spaces that have 10 or more tenant-occupants, provide secure bicycle parking for 5% of the tenant-occupant vehicular parking spaces with a minimum of one bicycle parking facility (5.106.4.1.2). • Designated parking for clean air vehicles. In new projects or additions to alterations that add 10 or more vehicular parking spaces, provide designated parking for any combination of low-emitting, fuel-efficient and carpool/van pool vehicles asshown in Table 5.106.5.2 (5.106.5.2).

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42 • EV charging stations. New construction shall facilitate the future installation of EV supply equipment. The compliance requires empty raceways for future conduit and documentation that the electrical system has adequate capacity for the future load. The number of spaces to be provided for is contained in Table 5.106. 5.3.3 (5.106.5.3). Additionally, Table 5.106.5.4.1 specifies requirements for the installation of raceway conduit and panel power requirements for medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicle supply equipment for warehouses, grocery stores, and retail stores.
• Outdoor light pollution reduction. Outdoor lighting systems shall be designed to meet the backlight, uplight and glare ratings per Table 5.106.8 (5.106.8). • Construction waste management. Recycle and/or salvage for reuse a minimum of 65% of the nonhazardous construction and demolition waste in accordance with Section

5.408.1.1. 5.405.1.2, or 5.408.1.3; or meet a local construction and demolition waste management ordinance, whichever is more stringent (5.408.1). • Excavated soil and land clearing debris. 100% of trees, stumps, rocks and associated vegetation and soils resulting primarily from land clearing shall be reuse or recycled. For a phased project, such material may be stockpiled on site until the storage site is developed (5.408.3).
• Recycling by Occupants. Provide readily accessible areas thatserve the entire building and are identified for the depositing, storage, and collection of non-hazardous materials for recycling, including (at a minimum) paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, organic waste, and metals or meet a lawfully enacted local recycling ordinance, if more restrictive (5.410.1).
• Water conserving plumbing fixtures and fittings. Plumbing fixtures (water closets and urinals) and fittings (faucets and showerheads) shall comply with the following:
o Water Closets. The effective flush volume of all water closets shall not exceed

1.28 gallons per flush (5.303.3.1)
o Urinals. The effective flush volume of wall-mounted urinals shall not exceed

0.125 gallons per flush (5.303.3.2.1). The effective flush volume of floor- mounted or other urinals shall not exceed 0.5 gallons per flush (5.303.3.2.2). o Showerheads. Single showerheads shall have a minimum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons per minute and 80 psi (5.303.3.3.1). When a shower is served by more than one showerhead, the combine flow rate of all showerheads and/or other shower outlets controlled by a single valve shall not exceed 1.8 gallons per minute at 80 psi (5.303.3.3.2). o Faucets and fountains. Nonresidential lavatory faucets shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 0.5 gallons per minute at 60 psi (5.303.3.4.1). Kitchen faucets shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons per minute of 60 psi (5.303.3.4.2). Wash fountains shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons per minute (5.303.3.4.3). Metering faucets shall not deliver more than 0.20 gallons per cycle (5.303.3.4.4). Metering faucets for wash fountains shall have a maximum flow rate not more than 0.20 gallons per cycle (5.303.3.4.5). • Outdoor potable water uses in landscaped areas. Nonresidential developments shall comply with a local water efficient landscape ordinance or the current California Department of Water Resources’ Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), whichever is more stringent (5.304.1).

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43 • Water meters. Separate submeters or metering devices shall be installed for new buildings or additions in excess of 50,000 sf or for excess consumption where any tenant within a new building or within an addition that is project to consume more than 1,000 gallons per day (GPD) (5.303.1.1 and 5.303.1.2).
• Outdoor water uses in rehabilitated landscape projects equal or greater than 2,500 sf.

Rehabilitated landscape projects with an aggregate landscape area equal to or greater than 2,500 sf requiring a building or landscape permit (5.304.3). • Commissioning. For new buildings 10,000 sf and over, building commissioning shall be included in the design and construction processes of the building project to verify that the building systems and components meet the owner’s or owner representative’s project requirements(5.410.2).

CARB REFRIGERANT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
CARB adopted a regulation in 2009 to reduce refrigerant GHG emissions from stationary sources through refrigerant leak detection and monitoring, leak repair, system retirement and retrofitting, reporting and recordkeeping, and proper refrigerant cylinder use, sale, and disposal.

The regulation is set forth in sections 95380 to 95398 of Title 17, CCR. The rules implementing the regulation establish a limit on statewide GHG emissions from stationary facilities with refrigeration systems with more than 50 pounds of a high GWP refrigerant. The refrigerant management program is designed to (1) reduce emissions of high-GWP GHG refrigerants from leaky stationary, non-residential refrigeration equipment; (2) reduce emissions from the installation and servicing of refrigeration and air-conditioning appliances using high-GWP refrigerants; and (3) verify GHG emission reductions.

TRACTOR‐TRAILER GHGREGULATION
The tractors and trailers subject to this regulation must either use EPA SmartWay certified tractors and trailers or retrofit their existing fleet with SmartWay verified technologies. The regulation applies primarily to owners of 53‐foot or longer box‐type trailers, including both dry‐ van and refrigerated‐van trailers, and owners of the HD tractors that pull them on California highways. These owners are responsible for replacing or retrofitting their affected vehicles with compliant aerodynamic technologies and low rolling resistance tires. Sleeper cab tractors MY 2011 and later must be SmartWay certified. All other tractors must use SmartWay verified low rolling resistance tires. There are also requirements for trailers to have low rolling resistance tires and aerodynamic devices.

PHASE I AND 2HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE GHGSTANDARDS
In September 2011, CARB has adopted a regulation for GHG emissions from HDTs and engines sold in California. It establishes GHG emission limits on truck and engine manufacturers and harmonizes with the EPA rule for new trucks and engines nationally. Existing HD vehicle regulations in California include engine criteria emission standards, tractor-trailer GHG requirements to implement SmartWay strategies (i.e., the Heavy-Duty Tractor-Trailer GHG Regulation), and in-use fleet retrofit requirements such as the Truck and Bus Regulation. The EPA rule has compliance requirements for new compression and spark ignition engines, as well as trucks from Class 2b through Class 8. Compliance requirements began with MY 2014 with stringency levels increasing through MY 2018. The rule organizes truck compliance into three

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44 groupings, which include a) HD pickups and vans; b) vocational vehicles; and c) combination tractors. The EPA rule does not regulate trailers.

CARB staff has worked jointly with the EPA and the NHTSA on the next phase of federal GHG emission standards for medium-duty trucks (MDT) and HDT vehicles, called federal Phase 2. The federal Phase 2 standards were built on the improvements in engine and vehicle efficiency required by the Phase 1 emission standards and represent a significant opportunity to achieve further GHG reductions for 2018 and later MY HDT vehicles, including trailers. The EPA and NHTSA have proposed to roll back GHG and fuel economy standards for cars and light-duty trucks, which suggests a similar rollback of Phase 2 standards for MDT and HDT vehicles may be pursued.

SB 97 AND THE CEQAGUIDELINES UPDATE
Passed in August 2007, SB 97 added Section 21083.05 to the Public Resources Code. The code states “(a) On or before July 1, 2009, the Office of Planning and Research (OPR) shall prepare, develop, and transmit to the Resources Agency guidelines for the mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions as required by this division, including, but not limited to, effects associated with transportation or energy consumption. (b) On or before January 1, 2010, the Resources Agency shall certify and adopt guidelines prepared and developed by the OPR pursuant to subdivision (a).”
In 2012, Public Resources Code Section 21083.05 was amended to state:
“The Office of Planning and Research and the Natural Resources Agency shall periodically update the guidelines for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions or the effects of greenhouse gas emissions as required by this division, including, but not limited to, effects associated with transportation or energy consumption, to incorporate new information or criteria established by the State Air Resources Board pursuant to Division 25.5 (commencing with Section 38500) of the Health and Safety Code.”
On December 28, 2018, the Natural Resources Agency announced the OAL approved the amendments to the CEQA Guidelines for implementing CEQA. The CEQA Amendments provide guidance to public agencies regarding the analysis and mitigation of the effects of GHG emissions in CEQA documents. The CEQA Amendments fit within the existing CEQA framework by amending existing CEQA Guidelines to reference climate change.

Section 15064.4 was added the CEQA Guidelines and states that in determining the significance of a project’s GHG emissions, the lead agency should focus its analysis on the reasonably foreseeable incremental contribution of the project’s emissions to the effects of climate change.

A project’s incremental contribution may be cumulatively considerable even if it appears relatively insignificant compared to statewide, national, or global emissions. The agency’s analysis should consider a timeframe that is appropriate for the project. The agency’s analysis also must reasonably reflect evolving scientific knowledge and state regulatory schemes.

Additionally, a lead agency may use a model or methodology to estimate GHG emissions resulting from a project. The lead agency has discretion to select the model or methodology it considers most appropriate to enable decision makers to intelligently take into account the project’s

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45 incremental contribution to climate change. The lead agency must support its selection of a model or methodology with substantial evidence. The lead agency should explain the limitations of the particular model or methodology selected for use (1).

2.7.4 REGIONAL
The project is within the SCAB, which is under the jurisdiction of the SCAQMD.

SCAQMD
SCAQMD is the agency responsible for air quality planning and regulation in the SCAB. The SCAQMD addresses the impacts to climate change of projects subject to SCAQMD permit as a lead agency if they are the only agency having discretionary approval for the project and acts as a responsible agency when a land use agency must also approve discretionary permits for the project. The SCAQMD acts as an expert commenting agency for impacts to air quality. This expertise carries over to GHG emissions, so the agency helps local land use agencies through the development of models and emission thresholds that can be used to address GHG emissions.

In 2008, SCAQMD formed a Working Group to identify GHG emissions thresholds for land use projects that could be used by local lead agencies in the SCAB. The Working Group developed several different options that are contained in the SCAQMD Draft Guidance Document – Interim CEQA GHG Significance Threshold, which could be applied by lead agencies. The working group has not provided additional guidance since release of the interim guidance in 2008. The SCAQMD Board has not approved the thresholds; however, the Guidance Document provides substantial evidence supporting the approaches to significance of GHG emissions that can be considered by the lead agency in adopting its own threshold. The current interim thresholds consist of the following tiered approach:
• Tier 1 consists of evaluating whether or not the project qualifies for any applicable exemption under CEQA.
• Tier 2 consists of determining whether the project is consistent with a GHG reduction plan.

If a project is consistent with a qualifying local GHG reduction plan, it does not have significant GHG emissions.
• Tier 3 consists of screening values, which the lead agency can choose, but must be consistent with all projects within its jurisdiction. A project’s construction emissions are averaged over 30 years and are added to the project’s operational emissions. If a project’s emissions are below one of the following screening thresholds, then the project is less than significant:
o Residential and commercial land use: 3,000 MTCO2e/yr
o Industrial land use: 10,000 MTCO2e/yr
o Based on land use type: residential: 3,500 MTCO2e/yr; commercial: 1,400 MTCO2e/yr; or mixed use: 3,000 MTCO2e/yr
• Tier 4 has the following options:
o Option 1: Reduce Business-as-Usual (BAU) emissions by a certain percentage; this percentage is currently undefined.

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46 o Option 2: Early implementation of applicable AB 32 Scoping Plan measures o Option 3: 2020 target for service populations (SP), which includes residents and employees: 4.8 MTCO2e per SP per year for projects and 6.6 MTCO2e per SP per year for plans;
o Option 3, 2035 target: 3.0 MTCO2e per SP per year for projects and 4.1 MTCO2e per SP per year for plans
• Tier 5 involves mitigation offsets to achieve target significance threshold.

The SCAQMD’s interim thresholds used the Executive Order S-3-05-year 2050 goal as the basis for the Tier 3 screening level. Achieving the Executive Order’s objective would contribute to worldwide efforts to cap CO2 concentrations at 450 ppm, thus stabilizing global climate.

SCAQMD only has authority over GHG emissions from development projects that include air quality permits. At this time, it is unknown if the project would include stationary sources of emissions subject to SCAQMD permits. Notwithstanding, if the Project requires a stationary permit, it would be subject to the applicable SCAQMD regulations.

SCAQMD Regulation XXVII, adopted in 2009 includes the following rules:
• Rule 2700 defines terms and post global warming potentials. • Rule 2701, SoCal Climate Solutions Exchange, establishes a voluntary program to encourage, quantify, and certify voluntary, high quality certified GHG emission reductions in the SCAQMD.
• Rule 2702, GHG Reduction Program created a program to produce GHG emission reductions within the SCAQMD. The SCAQMD would fund projects through contracts in response to requests for proposals or purchase reductions from other parties.

SCAQMD is the agency responsible for air quality planning and regulation in the SCAB. The SCAQMD addresses the impacts to climate change of projects subject to SCAQMD permit as a lead agency if they are the only agency having discretionary approval for the project and acts as a responsible agency when a land use agency must also approve discretionary permits for the project. The SCAQMD acts as an expert commenting agency for impacts to air quality. This expertise carries over to GHG emissions, so the agency helps local land use agencies through the development of models and emission thresholds that can be used to address GHG emissions.

CITY OF DESERT HOT SPRINGS CLIMATE ACTION PLAN (CAP)
The City of Desert Hot Springs CAP was adopted by the City Council in June 2013 (43). The CAP was developed to address global climate change through the reduction of harmful GHG emissions at the community level, and as part of California’s mandated statewide GHG emissions reduction goals under AB 32. Desert Hot Springs CAP states that in order for the community to reach AB 32 goals, a 36.4 percent reduction from 2010 baseline emissions or a 43.2-percent reduction from 2020 BAU emissions by 2020 will need to be met. The City has identified 80 measures that will be implemented over a course of eight years, beginning in 2013. These measures include energy efficiency and conservation in areas of community development, including transportation, development planning, public and private sector construction and operations, as well as residential and non-residential projects. The City promotes public and private efforts to create

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47 and operate alternative solar and electrical productions that utilize local renewable sources. The CAP also states the ability to develop and implement a solar ready ordinance that would require new buildings and homes to be prepared for solar installation.

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49 3 PROJECT GHG IMPACT

3.1 INTRODUCTION
The Project has been evaluated to determine if it will result in a significant GHG impact. The significance of these potential impacts is described in the following sections.

3.2 SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS
The criteria used to determine the significance of potential Project-related GHG impacts are taken from the Initial Study Checklist in Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR of Regulations §§15000, et seq.). Based on these significance criteria, a project would result in a significant impact related to GHG if it would (44):
• GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
• GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs?
The evaluation of an impact under CEQA requires measuring data from a project against both existing conditions and a “threshold of significance.” For establishing significance thresholds, the Office of Planning and Research’s amendments to the CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.7(c) state “[w]hen adopting thresholds of significance, a lead agency may consider thresholds of significance previously adopted or recommended by other public agencies, or recommended by experts, provided the decision of the lead agency to adopt such thresholds is supported by substantial evidence.”
CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.4(a) further states, “. . . A lead agency shall have discretion to determine, in the context of a particular project, whether to: (1) Use a model or methodology to quantify greenhouse gas emissions resulting from a project, and which model or methodology to use . . .; or (2) Rely on a qualitative analysis or performance-based standards.” CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.4 provides that a lead agency should consider the following factors, among others, in assessing the significance of impacts from greenhouse gas emissions:
• Consideration #1: The extent to which the project may increase or reduce greenhouse gas emissions as compared to the existing environmental setting. • Consideration #2: Whether the project emissions exceed a threshold of significance that the lead agency determines applies to the project.
• Consideration #3: The extent to which the project complies with regulations or requirements adopted to implement a statewide, regional, or local plan for the reduction or mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Such regulations or requirements must be adopted by the relevant public agency through a public review process and must reduce or mitigate the project’s incremental contribution of greenhouse gas emissions. In determining the significance of impacts, the lead agency may consider a project’s consistency with the State’s long-term climate goals or strategies,

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50 provided that substantial evidence supports the agency’s analysis of how those goals or strategies address the project’s incremental contribution to climate change and its conclusion that the project’s incremental contribution is not cumulatively considerable.

Section 15064.4 thus provides options for determining whether GHG emissions are significant. It does not establish a threshold of significance or require that a numeric threshold of significance be used but allows for use of a qualitative analysis or performance-based standards. If lead agencies require quantification, they have the discretion to establish significance thresholds for their respective jurisdictions, and, in establishing those thresholds, a lead agency may appropriately look to thresholds developed by other public agencies, or suggested by other experts, such as the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), as long as any threshold chosen is supported by substantial evidence (see CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.7(c)).

The CEQA Guidelines also clarify that the effects of GHG emissions are cumulative and should be analyzed in the context of CEQA’s requirements for cumulative impact analysis (see CEQA Guidelines Section 15130(f)). It is noted that the CEQA Guidelines were amended in response to SB 97. In particular, the CEQA Guidelines were amended to specify that compliance with a GHG emissions reduction plan renders a cumulative impact less than significant.

Per CEQA Guidelines Section 15064(h)(3), a project’s incremental contribution to a cumulative impact is not cumulatively considerable if the project would comply with an approved plan or mitigation program that provides specific requirements that would avoid or substantially lessen the cumulative problem within the geographic area of the project. To qualify, such plans or programs must be specified in law or adopted by the public agency with jurisdiction over the affected resources through a public review process to implement, interpret, or make specific the law enforced or administered by the public agency. Examples of such programs include a “water quality control plan, air quality attainment or maintenance plan, integrated waste management plan, habitat conservation plan, natural community conservation plans [and] plans or regulations for the reduction of GHG emissions”. Under CEQA Guidelines Section 15064(h)(3), when relying on a plan, regulation, or program, the lead agency should explain how implementing the plan’s requirements ensures that the project’s incremental contribution to the cumulative effect is not cumulatively considerable. In summary, CEQA Guidelines Section 15064(h)(3) allows the lead agency to make a finding of less than significant for GHG emissions if a project complies with adopted programs, plans, policies, and/or other regulatory schemes to reduce GHG emissions such as the City’s 2013 CAP.

In the absence of any applicable adopted numeric threshold, the significance of the Project’s GHG emissions is evaluated consistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.4(b) by considering whether the Project is consistent with applicable regulations or requirements adopted to implement a Statewide, regional, or local plan for the reduction or mitigation of GHG emission.

For this Project, as a land use development project in the City of Desert Hot Springs, the most directly applicable adopted regulatory plan to reduce GHG emissions is the City of Desert Hot Springs 2013 CAP, which is designed to achieve regional GHG reductions from the land use and transportation sectors as required by the State’s long-term climate goals. This analysis also considers consistency with the applicable statewide Scoping Plan.

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51 The analysis also calculates the amount of GHG emissions that would be attributable to the Project using recommended modeling as previously described. The primary purpose of quantifying the Project’s GHG emissions is to satisfy State CEQA Guidelines 15064.4(a), which calls for a good-faith effort to describe and calculate emissions and to show under CEQA Guidelines 15064.4(h)(3) that compliance with applicable plans and regulations ensures that the project’s incremental contribution to the cumulative effect is not cumulatively considerable.

3.3 MODELS EMPLOYED TO ANALYZE GHGS

3.3.1 CALEEMOD
In May 2022 California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) in conjunction with other California air districts, including SCAQMD, released the latest version of CalEEMod version 2022.1. The purpose of this model is to calculate construction-source and operational-source criteria pollutants and GHG emissions from direct and indirect sources; and quantify applicable air quality and GHG reductions achieved from MMs (45). Accordingly, the latest version of CalEEMod has been used for this Project to determine GHG emissions. Output from the model runs for construction and operational activity are provided in Appendices 3.1. CalEEMod includes GHG emissions from the following source categories: construction, area, energy, mobile, waste, water, refrigerant.

3.4 LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS NOT REQUIRED
A full life‐cycle analysis (LCA) for construction and operational activity is not included in this analysis due to the lack of consensus guidance on LCA methodology at this time (46). Life‐cycle analysis (i.e., assessing economy‐wide GHG emissions from the processes in manufacturing and transporting all raw materials used in the Project development, infrastructure, and on-going operations) depends on emission factors or econometric factors that are not well established for all processes. At this time, an LCA would be extremely speculative and thus has not been prepared.

Additionally, the SCAQMD recommends analyzing direct and indirect project GHG emissions generated within California and not life-cycle emissions because the life-cycle effects from a project could occur outside of California, might not be very well understood, or documented, and would be challenging to mitigate (47). Additionally, the science to calculate life cycle emissions is not yet established or well defined; therefore, SCAQMD has not recommended, and is not requiring, life-cycle emissions analysis.

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52 3.5 CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS
Project construction actvities would generate CO2 and CH4 emissions The report Desert Gateway Air Quality Impact Analysis Report (AQIA) contains detailed information regarding Project construction activities (48). As discussed in the AQIA, Construction related emissions are expected from the following construction activities:
• Site Preparation
• Grading
• Building Construction
• Paving
• Architectural Coating

3.5.1 CONSTRUCTION DURATION
For purposes of analysis, construction of the Project is expected to last approximately 10 months, commencing in in January 2023 and being completed in December 2024. The duration of construction activity and associated equipment represents a reasonable approximation of the expected construction fleet as required per CEQA Guidelines (1).

3.5.2 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
A summary of construction equipment by phase is provided at Table 3-4. The equipment list is generally based on CalEEMod default parameters and confirmed with the Project Applicant, with the exception of the equipment needed for building construction which was doubled to account for the reduction in building construction schedule. Consistent with industry standards and typical construction practices, each piece of equipment listed in Table 3-4 will operate up to a total of eight (8) hours per day, or more than two-thirds of the period during which construction activities are allowed pursuant to the Code. Eight hours is a reasonable assumption because the typical workday for construction contractors is eight hours and construction equipment does not continually operate, as various pieces of equipment are turned on and off as needed throughout a typical workday.

TABLE 3-2: CONSTRUCTION DURATION
Construction Activity Start Date End Date Days
Site Preparation 1/2/2023 2/24/2023 40
Grading 2/25/2023 7/28/2023 110
Building Construction 7/31/2023 12/31/2024 372
Paving 9/18/2024 12/31/2024 75
Architectural Coating 9/18/2024 12/31/2024 75

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53 TABLE 3-3: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT ASSUMPTIONS
Phase Name Equipment Amount Hours Per Day
Site Preparation
Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8
Crawler Tractors 4 8
Grading
Graders 1 8
Excavators 2 8
Crawler Tractors 2 8
Scrapers 2 8
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8
Building Construction
Forklifts 9 8
Generator Sets 3 8
Cranes 3 8
Welders 3 8
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 9 8
Paving
Pavers 2 8
Paving Equipment 2 8
Rollers 2 8
Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 8

3.5.3 CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS SUMMARY
For construction phase Project emissions, GHGs are quantified and amortized over the life of the Project. To amortize the emissions over the life of the Project, the SCAQMD recommends calculating the total GHG emissions for the construction activities, dividing it by a 30-year Project life then adding that number to the annual operational phase GHG emissions (49). As such, construction emissions were amortized over a 30-year period and added to the annual operational phase GHG emissions. The amortized construction emissions are presented in Table 3-4.

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54 TABLE 3-4: AMORTIZED ANNUAL CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS
Year
Emissions (MT/yr)
CO2 CH4 N2O R
Total
CO2e4
2023 1575.00 0.05 0.07 1.17 1598.00
2024 993.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 997.00
Total GHG Emissions 2568.00 0.09 0.08 1.17 2595.00
Amortized Construction Emissions 85.60 0.00 0.00 0.04 86.50 Source CalEEMod annual construction-source emissions are presented in Appendix 3.1.

3.6 OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS
Operational activities associated with the Project will result in emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from the following primary sources:
• Area Source Emissions
• Energy Source Emissions
• Mobile Source Emissions
• On-Site Cargo Handling Equipment Emissions
• Water Supply, Treatment, and Distribution
• Solid Waste
• Refrigerants

3.6.1 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS

LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT
Landscape maintenance equipment would generate emissions from fuel combustion and evaporation of unburned fuel. Equipment in this category would include lawnmowers, shedders/grinders, blowers, trimmers, chain saws, and hedge trimmers used to maintain the landscaping of the Project. The emissions associated with landscape maintenance equipment were calculated based on assumptions provided in CalEEMod.

3.6.2 ENERGY SOURCE EMISSIONS

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL GAS AND ELECTRICITY Electricity and natural gas are used by almost every project. Criteria pollutant emissions are emitted through the generation of electricity and consumption of natural gas. However, because electrical generating facilities for the Project area are located either outside the region (state) or offset through the use of pollution credits (RECLAIM) for generation within the SCAB, criteria 4 CalEEMod reports the most common GHGs emitted which include CO2, CH4, and N2O. These GHGs are then converted into the CO2e by multiplying the individual GHG by the GWP.

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55 pollutant emissions from offsite generation of electricity are generally excluded from the evaluation of significance and only natural gas use is considered.

3.6.3 MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS
The Project related operational air quality emissions derive primarily from vehicle trips generated by the Project, including employee trips to and from the site and truck trips associated with the proposed uses. Trip characteristics available from the Desert Gateway Traffic Analysis were utilized in this analysis (50). Per the Desert Gateway Traffic Analysis, the proposed Project expected to generate approximately 6,378 total trips per day which include 5,976 passenger car trips per day and 402 truck trips per day.

APPROACH FOR ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT
To determine emissions from passenger car vehicles, the CalEEMod defaults were utilized for trip length and trip purpose for the proposed industrial land uses. For the proposed industrial uses, it is important to note that although the Desert Gateway Traffic Analysis does not breakdown passenger cars by type, this analysis assumes that passenger cars include Light-Duty-Auto vehicles (LDA), Light-Duty-Trucks (LDT15 & LDT26), Medium-Duty-Vehicles (MDV), and Motorcycles (MCY) vehicle types. In order to account for emissions generated by passenger cars, the following fleet mix was utilized in this analysis:

TABLE 3-5: PASSENGER CAR FLEET MIX
Land Use
% Vehicle Type
LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV MCY
High-Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse 51.22% 4.67% 24.58% 17.57% 1.97% Note: The Project-specific passenger car fleet mix used in this analysis is based on a proportional split utilizing the default CalEEMod percentages assigned to LDA, LDT1, LDT2, and MDV vehicle types.

To determine emissions from trucks for the proposed industrial uses, the analysis incorporated the SCAQMD recommended truck trip length of 14.2 miles for 2-axle and 3-axle (LHDT1, LHDT2, and MHDT) trucks and 40 miles for 4+-axle (HHDT) trucks and weighting the average trip lengths using traffic trip percentages taken from the Desert Gateway Traffic Analysis. The trip length function for the proposed industrial building use has been revised to 34.40 miles, with an assumption of 100% primary trips for the proposed industrial land uses. In order to be consistent with the Desert Gateway Traffic Analysis, trucks are broken down by truck type. The truck fleet mix is estimated by rationing the trip rates for each truck type based on information provided in the Desert Gateway Traffic Analysis. Heavy trucks are broken down by truck type (or axle type) 5 Vehicles under the LDT1 category have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of less than 6,000 lbs. and equivalent test weight (ETW) of less than or equal to 3,750 lbs.
6 Vehicles under the LDT2 category have a GVWR of less than 6,000 lbs. and ETW between 3,751 lbs. and 5,750 lbs.

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56 and are categorized as either Light-Heavy-Duty Trucks (LHDT17 & LHDT2 8)/2-axle, MediumHeavy-Duty Trucks (MHD)/3-axle, and Heavy-Heavy-Duty Trucks (HHD)/4+-axle. To account for emissions generated by trucks, the following fleet mix was utilized in this analysis:

TABLE 3-6: TRUCK FLEET MIX
Land Use
% Vehicle Type
LHDT1 LHDT2 MHDT HHDT
High-Cube Fulfillment Center Warehouse 8.19% 2.51% 10.70% 78.61% Note: Project-specific truck fleet mix is based on the number of trips generated by each truck type (LHDT1, LHDT2, MHDT, and HHDT) relative to the total number of truck trips.

3.6.4 ON-SITE CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT EMISSIONS
It is common for industrial buildings to require the operation of exterior cargo handling equipment in the building’s truck court areas. For this particular Project, on-site modeled operational equipment includes up to four (4) 200 horsepower (hp), electric-powered cargo handling equipment – port tractors operating at 4 hours a day9 for 365 days of the year.

3.6.5 WATER SUPPLY, TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
Indirect GHG emissions result from the production of electricity used to convey, treat, and distribute water and wastewater. The amount of electricity required to convey, treat, and distribute water depends on the volume of water as well as the sources of the water. Unless otherwise noted, CalEEMod default parameters were used.

3.6.6 SOLID WASTE
The proposed land uses will result in the generation and disposal of solid waste. A percentage of this waste will be diverted from landfills by a variety of means, such as reducing the amount of waste generated, recycling, and/or composting. The remainder of the waste not diverted will be disposed of at a landfill. GHG emissions from landfills are associated with the anaerobic breakdown of material. GHG emissions associated with the disposal of solid waste associated with the proposed Project were calculated by CalEEMod using default parameters.

3.6.7 REFRIGERANTS
Air conditioning (A/C) and refrigeration equipment associated with the building are anticipated to generate GHG emissions. CalEEMod automatically generates a default A/C and refrigeration equipment inventory for each project land use subtype based on industry data from the USEPA 7 Vehicles under the LHDT1 category have a GVWR of 8,501 to 10,000 lbs. 8 Vehicles under the LHDT2 category have a GVWR of 10,001 to 14,000 lbs. 9 Based on Table II-3, Port and Rail Cargo Handling Equipment Demographics by Type, from CARB’s Technology Assessment: Mobile Cargo Handling Equipment document, a single piece of equipment could operate up to 2 hours per day (Total Average Annual Activity divided by Total Number Pieces of Equipment). As such, the analysis conservatively assumes that the tractor/loader/backhoe would operate up to 4 hours per day.

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57 (2016b). CalEEMod quantifies refrigerant emissions from leaks during regular operation and routine servicing over the equipment lifetime and then derives average annual emissions from the lifetime estimate. Otherwise, GHG emissions associated with refrigerants were calculated by CalEEMod using default parameters.

3.6.8 EMISSIONS SUMMARY

PROJECT EMISSIONS
The annual GHG emissions associated with the Project are summarized in Table 3-8. As shown in Table 3-7, construction and operation of the Project would generate a net total of approximately 22,391.20 MTCO2e/yr.

TABLE 3-7: PROJECT GHG EMISSIONS
Emission Source
Emissions (MT/yr)
CO2 CH4 N2O R Total CO2e
Amortized Construction Emissions 85.60 3.00E-03 2.67E-03 3.90E-02 86.50 Mobile Source 18,182.00 0.41 1.23 27.00 18,587.00
Area Source 19.30 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 19.30
Energy Source 2,743.00 0.25 0.02 0.00 2,755.00
Water Usage 273.00 8.21 0.20 0.00 537.00
Waste 100.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 350.00
Refrigerants 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.40 56.40
Total CO2e (All Sources) 22,391.20
Source: CalEEMod output, See Appendix 3.1 for detailed model outputs.

3.7 GHGEMISSIONS FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.7.1 GHGIMPACT 1
Potential to generate direct or indirect GHG emissions that would result in a significant impact on the environment.

As previously noted, a project would result in a significant impact related to GHG if it would (44):
• GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
• GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs?
Implementation of a development project could contribute to global climate change through direct emissions of GHGs from on-site area sources and vehicle trips generated by the project, and indirectly through offsite energy production required for on-site activities, water use, and waste disposal. Because no single project is large enough to result in a measurable increase in

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58 global concentrations of GHG emissions, climate change impacts of a project are considered on a cumulative basis consistent with the requirements outlined in CEQA Guidelines 15064(h)(3).

GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
The proposed Project would result in direct and indirect emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O and would not generate other GHGs of sufficient quantity to affect the analysis. Therefore, this analysis focuses on these three forms of GHG emissions. Direct Project-related GHG emissions include emissions from construction activities, area sources, and mobile sources, while indirect sources include emissions from electricity consumption, water demand, and solid waste generation. Project-related GHG emissions were quantified with CalEEMod, which relies upon vehicle trip rates and Project-specific land use data to calculate emissions (as discussed previously in Section 3.0 of this report). As previously summarized on Table 3-7, the total amount of unmitigated Project-related GHG emissions from direct and indirect sources combined would total approximately 22,391.20 MTCO2e per year. The City of Desert Hot Springs has not adopted a numeric threshold but has adopted a CAP. The detailed discussion below addresses the proposed Project’s consistency with applicable plans and policies for GHG reduction. The Project has been determined to be consistent with the City’s CAP and the applicable statewide Scoping Plan. Compliance with the CAP and Scoping Plan confirms a finding of no significant cumulative impact on global climate change since the Project would be consistent with and would not conflict with applicable greenhouse gas reduction plans, policies, and regulations. A less than significant impact would occur with respect to this threshold.

3.7.2 GHGIMPACT 2
The Project would have the potential to conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs.

CONSISTENCY WITH THE CITY’S CAP
The City of Desert Hot Springs adopted its CAP in 2013. The 2013 CAP includes several programs and policies in various sectors of the community including transportation, residential buildings, commercial buildings, government incentives, renewable energy, solid waste reduction, and water reduction. The Project would comply with all applicable greenhouse gas reducing programs and policies identified in the CAP. As such, the Project would be consistent with applicable measures found in the CAP and would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted with the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Impacts would therefore be less than significant with respect to this threshold.

The Project’s consistency with the 2013 CAP is summarized as follows:
• Solid Waste: The Project would comply with all local and state diversion requirements, including but not limited to AB 341, which includes a recycling program to reduce waste to landfills by up to 75%.
• Commercial Buildings: The Project will comply with current Title 24 requirements and will coordinate with the city to determine if enrollment in an Energy Efficiency and Demand Response is necessary. The Project is subject to California Building Code requirements. New buildings must

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59 meet the applicable building code requirements and standards in place at the time building permits are issued. CALGreen is updated on a regular basis, with the most recent approved 2022 California Green Building Code Standards taking effect on January 1, 2023. The proposed Project would be required to comply with the applicable Title 24 standards in place at the time of building permit submittals.
• Government Initiatives: The Project will comply with the California Green Building Standards Code and any other regulation that is applicable and has been adopted by the City of Desert Hot Springs. • Water: The Project will comply with the applicable requirements established in the local water efficient landscape ordinance or the current California Department of Water Resources’ Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO).

The Project’s consistency with SB 32 (2017 Scoping Plan) is discussed below.

SB 32/2017 SCOPING PLAN CONSISTENCY
The 2017 Scoping Plan Update reflects the 2030 target of a 40% reduction below 1990 levels, set by Executive Order B-30-15 and codified by SB 32. Table 3-8 summarizes the project’s consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan. As summarized, the project will not conflict with any of the provisions of the Scoping Plan and in fact supports seven of the action categories.

TABLE 3-8: 2017 SCOPING PLAN CONSISTENCY SUMMARY10
Action Responsible Parties Consistency
Implement SB 350 by 2030
Increase the Renewables Portfolio
Standard to 50% of retail sales by 2030 and
ensure grid reliability.

CPUC,
CEC,
CARB
Consistent. The Project would use energy
from Southern California Edison (SCE). SCE
has committed to diversify its portfolio of
energy sources by increasing energy from
wind and solar sources. The Project would
not interfere with or obstruct SCE energy
source diversification efforts.

Establish annual targets for statewide
energy efficiency savings and demand
reduction that will achieve a cumulative
doubling of statewide energy efficiency
savings in electricity and natural gas end
uses by 2030.

Consistent. The Project would be
constructed in compliance with applicable
California Building Code requirements.

Specifically, new buildings must achieve
compliance with 2022 Building and Energy
Efficiency Standards and the 2022
California Green Building Standards
requirements, or the applicable standards
in place at the time building permit
submittals are made. The proposed
Project includes energy efficient field
lighting and fixtures that meet the current
Title 24 Standards throughout the Project
Reduce GHG emissions in the electricity
sector through the implementation of the
above measures and other actions as
modeled in Integrated Resource Planning
(IRP) to meet GHG emissions reductions
planning targets in the IRP process. Load10 Source California Air Resources Board, California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan, November 2017 and CARB, Climate Change Scoping Plan, December 2008.

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60 Action Responsible Parties Consistency
serving entities and publicly- owned
utilities meet GHG emissions reductions
planning targets through a combination of
measures as described in IRPs.

Site and would be a modern development
with energy efficient boilers, heaters, and
air conditioning systems.

Implement Mobile Source Strategy (Cleaner Technology and Fuels) At least 1.5 million zero emission and plugin hybrid light-duty EVs by 2025.

CARB,
California State
Transportation
Agency (CalSTA),
Strategic Growth
Council (SGC),
California
Department of
Transportation
(Caltrans),
CEC,
OPR,
Local Agencies
Consistent. This is a CARB Mobile Source
Strategy. The Project would not obstruct
or interfere with CARB zero emission and
plug-in hybrid light-duty EV 2025 targets.

As this is a CARB enforced standard,
vehicles that access the Project are
required to comply with the standards
and will therefore comply with the
strategy.

At least 4.2 million zero emission and plugin hybrid light-duty EVs by 2030.

Consistent. This is a CARB Mobile Source
Strategy. The Project would not obstruct
or interfere with CARB zero emission and
plug-in hybrid light-duty EV 2030 targets.

As this is a CARB enforced standard,
vehicles that access the Project are
required to comply with the standards
and will therefore comply with the
strategy.

Further increase GHG stringency on all
light-duty vehicles beyond existing
Advanced Clean cars regulations.

Consistent. This is a CARB Mobile Source
Strategy. The Project would not obstruct
or interfere with CARB efforts to further
increase GHG stringency on all light-duty
vehicles beyond existing Advanced Clean
cars regulations. As this is a CARB
enforced standard, vehicles that access
the Project are required to comply with
the standards and will therefore comply
with the strategy.

Medium- and Heavy-Duty GHG Phase 2.

Consistent. This is a CARB Mobile Source
Strategy. The Project would not obstruct
or interfere with CARB efforts to
implement Medium- and Heavy-Duty GHG
Phase 2. As this is a CARB enforced
standard, vehicles that access the Project
are required to comply with the standards
and will therefore comply with the
strategy.

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61 Action Responsible Parties Consistency
Innovative Clean Transit: Transition to a
suite of to-be-determined innovative clean
transit options. Assumed 20% of new urban
buses purchased beginning in 2018 will be
zero emission buses with the penetration
of zero-emission technology ramped up to
100% of new sales in 2030. Also, new
natural gas buses, starting in 2018, and
diesel buses, starting in 2020, meet the
optional heavy-duty low-NOX standard.

Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to transition to a suite of to-bedetermined innovative clean transit options.

Last Mile Delivery: New regulation that
would result in the use of low NOX or
cleaner engines and the deployment of
increasing numbers of zero-emission trucks
primarily for class 3-7 last mile delivery
trucks in California. This measure assumes
ZEVs comprise 2.5% of new Class 3–7 truck
sales in local fleets starting in 2020,
increasing to 10% in 2025 and remaining
flat through 2030.

Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to use low NOX or cleaner engines or the
deployment of increasing numbers of
zero-emission trucks primarily for class 3-7
last mile delivery trucks in California.

Further reduce VMT through continued
implementation of SB 375 and regional
Sustainable Communities Strategies;
forthcoming statewide implementation of
SB 743; and potential additional VMT
reduction strategies not specified in the
Mobile Source Strategy but included in the
document “Potential VMT Reduction
Strategies for Discussion.”
Consistent. This Project would not
obstruct or interfere with implementation
of SB 375 and would therefore not conflict
with this measure.

Increase stringency of SB 375 Sustainable
Communities Strategy (2035 targets). CARB
Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to increase stringency of SB 375
Sustainable Communities Strategy.

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62 Action Responsible Parties Consistency
Harmonize project performance with
emissions reductions and increase
competitiveness of transit and active
transportation modes (e.g., via guideline
documents, funding programs, project
selection, etc.).

CalSTA,
SGC,
OPR,
CARB,
Governor’s Office of
Business and
Economic
Development (GOBiz),
California
Infrastructure and
Economic
Development Bank
(IBank),
Department of
Finance (DOF),
California
Transportation
Commission (CTC),
Caltrans
Consistent. The Project would not obstruct
or interfere with agency efforts to
harmonize transportation facility project
performance with emissions reductions,
increase competitiveness of transit and
active transportation modes, implantation
of sidewalks/Class I shared use trails, and
bus stops.

By 2019, develop pricing policies to support
low-GHG transportation (e.g., low-emission
vehicle zones for heavy duty, road user,
parking pricing, transit discounts).

CalSTA,
Caltrans,
CTC,
OPR,
SGC,
CARB
Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to develop pricing policies to support lowGHG transportation.

Implement California Sustainable Freight Action Plan
Improve freight system efficiency.

CalSTA,
CalEPA,
CNRA,
CARB,
Caltrans,
CEC,
GO-Biz
Consistent. This measure would apply to
all trucks accessing the Project site, this
may include existing trucks or new trucks
that are part of the statewide goods
movement sector. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to Improve freight system efficiency.

Deploy over 100,000 freight vehicles and
equipment capable of zero emission
operation and maximize both zero and
near-zero emission freight vehicles and
equipment powered by renewable energy
by 2030.

Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to deploy over 100,000 freight vehicles
and equipment capable of zero emission
operation and maximize both zero and
near-zero emission freight vehicles and
equipment powered by renewable energy
by 2030.

Adopt a Low Carbon Fuel Standard with a
Carbon Intensity reduction of 18%. CARB Consistent. When adopted, this measure would apply to all fuel purchased and
used by the Project in the state. The

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63 Action Responsible Parties Consistency
Project would not obstruct or interfere
with agency efforts to adopt a Low Carbon
Fuel Standard with a Carbon Intensity
reduction of 18%.

Implement the Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Strategy (SLPS) by 2030 40% reduction in methane and
hydrofluorocarbon emissions below 2013
levels.

CARB,
CalRecycle,
CDFA,
California State
Water Resource
Control Board
(SWRCB),
Local Air Districts
Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to reach a 40% reduction in methane and
hydrofluorocarbon emissions below 2013
levels or 50% reduction in black carbon
emissions below 2013 levels.
50% reduction in black carbon emissions
below 2013 levels.

By 2019, develop regulations and programs
to support organic waste landfill reduction
goals in the SLCP and SB 1383.

CARB,
CalRecycle,
CDFA,
SWRCB,
Local Air Districts
Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to develop regulations and programs to
support organic waste landfill reduction
goals in the SLCP and SB 1383.

Implement the post-2020 Cap-and-Trade
Program with declining annual caps. CARB
Consistent. Cap-and-Trade Program
provisions do not apply to this Project.

The Project would not obstruct or
interfere agency efforts to implement the
post-2020 Cap-and-Trade Program.

By 2018, develop Integrated Natural and Working Lands Implementation Plan to secure California’s land base as a net carbon sink
Protect land from conversion through
conservation easements and other
incentives.

CNRA,
Departments
Within
CDFA,
CalEPA,
CARB
Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to protect land from conversion through
conservation easements and other
incentives. It should also be noted that
the Project site is not an identified
property that needs to be conserved.

Increase the long-term resilience of carbon
storage in the land base and enhance
sequestration capacity.

Consistent. The Project site is vacant
disturbed property and does not comprise
an area that would effectively provide for
carbon sequestration. The Project would
not obstruct or interfere agency efforts to
increase the long-term resilience of
carbon storage in the land base and
enhance sequestration capacity.

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64 Action Responsible Parties Consistency
Utilize wood and agricultural products to
increase the amount of carbon stored in
the natural and built environments.

Consistent. To the extent appropriate for
the proposed buildings, wood products
would be used in construction, including
for the roof structure. Additionally, the
proposed project includes landscaping,
including.

Establish scenario projections to serve as
the foundation for the Implementation
Plan.

Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to establish scenario projections to serve
as the foundation for the Implementation
Plan.

Implement Forest Carbon Plan
CNRA,
California
Department of
Forestry and Fire
Protection
(CAL FIRE),
CalEPA and
Departments Within
Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to implement Forest Carbon Plan.

Identify and expand funding and financing
mechanisms to support GHG reductions
across all sectors.

State Agencies &
Local Agencies
Consistent. The Project would not
obstruct or interfere with agency efforts
to fund and finance mechanisms to
support GHG reductions across all sectors.

As shown above, the Project would not conflict with any of the 2017 Scoping Plan elements as any regulations adopted would apply directly or indirectly to the Project. Further, recent studies show that the State’s existing and proposed regulatory framework will allow the State to reduce its GHG emissions level to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 (36). As such, the Project is consistent with the Scoping Plan and a less than significant impact is expected.

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66 4 REFERENCES

1. Association of Environmental Professionals. Guidelines for Implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act. As amended in 2018.

2. California Air Resources Board. Assembly Bill 32: Global Warming Solutions Act. [Online] 2006. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm.

3. Air Resources Board. Sustainable Communities. [Online] 2008. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/sb375/sb375.htm.

4. —. Clean Car Standards - Pavley, Assembly Bill 1493. [Online] September 24, 2009. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccms/ccms.htm.

5. California Building Standards Commission. California Building Standards Code (Title 24, California Code of Regulations). [Online] http://www.bsc.ca.gov/codes.aspx.

6. California Energy Commission. California Code of Regulations, TITLE 20, Division 2. [Online] September 3, 2013. http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/title20/index.html.

7. California Air Resources Board. Title 17 - California Code of Regulation. [Online] 2010. http://www.arb.ca.gov/regs/regs-17.htm.

8. California Department of Water Resources. Updated Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance AB 1881. [Online] 2006. [Cited: November 13, 2013.]
http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/landscapeordinance/updatedOrd_history.cfm.

9. California Energy Commission. SB 1368 Emission Performance Standards. [Online] September 29, 2006. http://www.energy.ca.gov/emission_standards/.

10. —. Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS). [Online] 2002. http://www.energy.ca.gov/portfolio/.

11. California Legislative Information. Senate Bill No. 32. [Online] September 8, 2016. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB32.

12. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Greenhouse Gases - Water Vapor. NOAA National Centers For Environmental Information. [Online] https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoringreferences/faq/greenhouse-gases.php?section=watervapor.

13. International Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report. 2007.

14. Bennington, Bret J. The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change. s.l. : Brooks/Cole. ISBN 1 3: 978-0-495- 73855-8.

15. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Carbon Dioxide. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Online] https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0103.html.

16. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Greenhouse Gases - Methane. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. [Online] https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoringreferences/faq/greenhouse-gases.php?section=methane.

17. World Resources Institute. Climate Analysis Indicator Tool (CAIT). [Online] http://cait.wri.org.

18. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Greenhouse Gases - Chlorofluorocarbons. NOAA National Centers For Environmental Information. [Online] https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoringreferences/faq/greenhouse-gases.php?section=chlorofluorocarbons.

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67 19. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Regulation for Reducting Sulfur Hexafluoride Emissions from Gas Insulated Switchgear. Environmental Protection Agency. [Online] May 7, 2014. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-02/documents/mehl-arb-presentation-2014- wkshp.pdf.

20. World Resources Institute. Nitrogen Trifluoride Now Required in GHG Protocol Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory. [Online] May 22, 2013. https://www.wri.org/blog/2013/05/nitrogen-trifluoridenow-required-ghg-protocol-greenhouse-gas-emissions-inventories.

21. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nitrogen Trifluoride. PubChem Compound Database. [Online] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24553 .

22. American Lung Association. Climate Change. [Online] http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthyair/outdoor/climate-change/.

23. Barbara H. Allen-Diaz. Climate change affects us all. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. [Online] April 1, 2009. http://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.v063n02p51.

24. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis - Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. [Online] September 2013. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_all_final.pdf.

25. United Nations. GHG Profiles - Annex I. [Online] http://di.unfccc.int/ghg_profile_annex1.

26. —. GHG Profiles - Non-Annex I. [Online] http://di.unfccc.int/ghg_profile_non_annex1.

27. World Resources Institute. Climate Analysis Indicator Tool (CAIT). [Online] http://cait.wri.org.

28. California Air Resources Board. 2020 GHG Inventory. California Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory 2000-2019 Edition. [Online]
https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2019/ghg_inventory_trends_00-19.pdf.

29. California Energy Commission. Our Changing Climate Assessing the Risks to California. 2006.

30. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES). Outcomes of the U.N. Climate Change Conference.

Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES). [Online] 2015. http://www.c2es.org/international/negotiations/cop21-paris/summary.

31. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under the Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act. United States Environmental Protection Agency. [Online] 2020. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/endangerment-and-cause-orcontribute-findings-greenhouse-gases-under-section-202a-clean.

32. Federal Register. Mid-Term Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Year 2022- 2025 Light-Duty Vehicles. [Online] 2018.
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/04/13/2018-07364/mid-term-evaluation-ofgreenhouse-gas-emissions-standards-for-model-year-2022-2025-light-duty.

33. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. SAFE: The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient 'SAFE' Vehicle Rule. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [Online] 2020. https://www.nhtsa.gov/corporate-average-fuel-economy/safe.

34. United States Environmental Protection Agency. SmartWay. [Online] 2017. https://www.epa.gov/smartway/learn-about-smartway.

35. California Air Resources Board. California's 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan . [Online] 2017. https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017_es.pdf.

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68 36. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. California's Policies Can Significantly Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions through 2030. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Online] January 22, 2015. http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/01/22/californias-policies-can-significantly-cut-greenhouse-gasemissions-2030/.

37. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Modeling California policy impacts on greenhouse gas emissions. [Online] 2015. https://eaei.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbnl-7008e.pdf.

38. California Air Resources Board. Legal Disclaimer & User's Notice. [Online] April 2019. https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/capandtrade/ct_reg_unofficial.pdf.

39. —. Climate Change Scoping Plan. [Online] 2014.
https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/2013_update/first_update_climate_change_scoping_plan.p df.

40. —. Low Carbon Fuel Standard. [Online] December 2019. https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lcfs.htm.

41. California Energy Commission. Energy Commission Adopts Updated Building Standards to Improve Efficiency, Reduce Emissions from Homes and Businesses. [Online] August 11, 2021. https://www.energy.ca.gov/news/2021-08/energy-commission-adopts-updated-building-standardsimprove-efficiency-reduce-0.

42. California Department of General Services. 2022 CALGreen Code. CALGreen. [Online] https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/CAGBC2022P1.

43. City of Desert Hot Springs. City of Desert Hot Springs Climate Action Plan. City of Desert Hot Springs :
s.n., 2013.

44. Environmental Protection Agency. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). [Online] 1990. https://www.epa.gov/environmental-topics/air-topics.

45. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod). [Online] May 2022. www.caleemod.com.

46. California Natural Resources Agency. Final Statement of Reasons for Regulatory Action, Amendments to the State CEQA Guidelines Addressing Analysis and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Pursuant to SB97. [Online] December 2009.

47. Minutes for the GHG CEQA Significance. South Coast Air Quality Managment District. 2008.

48. Urban Crossroads, Inc. Desert Gateway Air Quality Impact Analysis Report. 2022.

49. South Coast Air Quality Management District. Greenhouse Gas CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #13. [Powerpoint] Diamond Bar : s.n., 2009.

50. Urban Crossroads, Inc. Desert Gateway Traffic Analysis. 2022.

51. California Air Resources Board. 2019 GHG Inventory. California Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory 2000-2017 Edition. [Online] [Cited: September 19, 2019.] http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm.

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70 5 CERTIFICATIONS
The contents of this GHG study report represent an accurate depiction of the GHG impacts associated with the proposed Desert Gateway Project. The information contained in this GHG report is based on the best available data at the time of preparation. If you have any questions, please contact me directly at [email protected].

Haseeb Qureshi
Principal
URBAN CROSSROADS, INC.
[email protected]

EDUCATION
Master of Science in Environmental Studies
California State University, Fullerton • May 2010
Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Analysis and Design
University of California, Irvine • June, 2006

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
AEP – Association of Environmental Planners
AWMA – Air and Waste Management Association
ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials

PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATIONS
Planned Communities and Urban Infill – Urban Land Institute • June 2011 Indoor Air Quality and Industrial Hygiene – EMSL Analytical • April 2008 Principles of Ambient Air Monitoring – California Air Resources Board • August 2007 AB2588 Regulatory Standards – Trinity Consultants • November 2006 Air Dispersion Modeling – Lakes Environmental • June 2006

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APPENDIX 3.1:

CALEEMOD EMISSIONS MODELOUTPUTS

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Table of Contents

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information

1.2. Land Use Types

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated

2.3. Construction Emissions by Year, Mitigated

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated

2.6. Operations Emissions by Sector, Mitigated

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Site Preparation (2023) - Unmitigated

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3.3. Grading (2023) - Unmitigated

3.4. Grading (2023) - Mitigated

3.5. Building Construction (2023) - Unmitigated

3.6. Building Construction (2023) - Mitigated

3.7. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated

3.8. Building Construction (2024) - Mitigated

3.9. Paving (2024) - Unmitigated

3.10. Paving (2024) - Mitigated

3.11. Architectural Coating (2024) - Unmitigated

3.12. Architectural Coating (2024) - Mitigated

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated

4.1.2. Mitigated

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated

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4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.2. Unmitigated

4.3.1. Mitigated

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.2. Unmitigated

4.4.1. Mitigated

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.2. Unmitigated

4.5.1. Mitigated

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated

4.6.2. Mitigated

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type

4.7.1. Unmitigated

4.7.2. Mitigated

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4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated

4.8.2. Mitigated

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type

4.9.1. Unmitigated

4.9.2. Mitigated

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated

4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Mitigated

4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Mitigated

4.10.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Mitigated

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated

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5.2.2. Mitigated

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated

5.3.2. Mitigated

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies

5.5. Architectural Coatings

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies

5.7. Construction Paving

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated

5.9.2. Mitigated

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

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5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.1.2. Mitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment

5.10.4. Landscape Equipment - Mitigated

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated

5.11.2. Mitigated

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated

5.12.2. Mitigated

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated

5.13.2. Mitigated

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated

5.14.2. Mitigated

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5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated

5.15.2. Mitigated

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps

5.16.2. Process Boilers

5.17. User Defined

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1.2. Mitigated

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1.2. Mitigated

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated

5.18.2.2. Mitigated

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6. Climate Risk Detailed Report

6.1. Climate Risk Summary

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details

7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores

7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores

7.4. Health & Equity Measures

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard

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1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name 14748-Desert Harvest
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 3.30
Precipitation (days) 11.2
Location 33.90710154630737, -116.539563570968
County Riverside-Salton Sea
City Desert Hot Springs
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin Salton Sea
TAZ 5638
EDFZ 11
Electric Utility Southern California Edison
Gas Utility Southern California Gas

1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse-No Rail
1,059 1000sqft 24.3 1,059,240 415,874 — — —
Hotel 150 Room 4.10 217,800 0.00 — — —
Strip Mall 42.0 1000sqft 6.60 42,000 0.00 — — — Page 567 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Parking Lot 1,085 Space 4.26 0.00 0.00 — — —
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
1,117 1000sqft 25.6 0.00 0.00 — — —
User Defined
Industrial
1,059 User Defined Unit 0.00 0.00 0.00 — — —

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector Sector # Measure Title
Construction C-13 Use Low-VOC Paints for Construction

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 8.84 94.8 47.5 108 0.11 2.05 9.31 11.4 1.88 2.33 4.21 — 21,494 21,494 0.71 1.03 47.8 21,865 Mit. 8.84 27.6 47.5 108 0.11 2.05 9.31 11.4 1.88 2.33 4.21 — 21,494 21,494 0.71 1.03 47.8 21,865 %
Reduced
— 71% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 8.03 94.8 48.4 81.1 0.11 2.54 9.31 11.4 2.34 2.78 5.12 — 20,210 20,210 0.74 1.03 1.24 20,536 Mit. 8.03 27.6 48.4 81.1 0.11 2.54 9.31 11.4 2.34 2.78 5.12 — 20,210 20,210 0.74 1.03 1.24 20,536 %
Reduced
— 71% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 4.69 21.5 32.6 42.0 0.06 1.43 5.84 7.09 1.32 1.46 2.61 — 9,515 9,515 0.33 0.41 7.04 9,651 Mit. 4.69 7.65 32.6 42.0 0.06 1.43 5.84 7.09 1.32 1.46 2.61 — 9,515 9,515 0.33 0.41 7.04 9,651 %
Reduced
— 64% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.86 3.92 5.96 7.66 0.01 0.26 1.07 1.29 0.24 0.27 0.48 — 1,575 1,575 0.05 0.07 1.17 1,598 Mit. 0.86 1.40 5.96 7.66 0.01 0.26 1.07 1.29 0.24 0.27 0.48 — 1,575 1,575 0.05 0.07 1.17 1,598 %
Reduced
— 64% — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Year TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 8.84 7.45 47.5 108 0.11 1.98 8.50 10.4 1.82 2.05 3.76 — 21,494 21,494 0.71 1.03 47.8 21,865 2024 5.88 94.8 45.5 54.2 0.09 2.05 9.31 11.4 1.88 2.33 4.21 — 9,581 9,581 0.39 0.08 — 9,614 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 8.03 6.86 48.4 81.1 0.11 2.54 8.50 10.4 2.34 2.78 5.12 — 20,210 20,210 0.74 1.03 1.24 20,536 2024 5.88 94.8 45.5 54.2 0.09 2.05 9.31 11.4 1.88 2.33 4.21 — 9,581 9,581 0.39 0.08 — 9,614 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 4.69 3.98 32.6 42.0 0.06 1.43 4.21 5.65 1.32 1.26 2.59 — 9,515 9,515 0.33 0.41 7.04 9,651 2024 3.58 21.5 28.0 32.9 0.06 1.24 5.84 7.09 1.14 1.46 2.61 — 5,999 5,999 0.24 0.05 — 6,020 Page 569 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 0.86 0.73 5.96 7.66 0.01 0.26 0.77 1.03 0.24 0.23 0.47 — 1,575 1,575 0.05 0.07 1.17 1,598 2024 0.65 3.92 5.11 6.01 0.01 0.23 1.07 1.29 0.21 0.27 0.48 — 993 993 0.04 0.01 — 997

2.3. Construction Emissions by Year, Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Year TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 8.84 7.45 47.5 108 0.11 1.98 8.50 10.4 1.82 2.05 3.76 — 21,494 21,494 0.71 1.03 47.8 21,865 2024 5.88 27.6 45.5 54.2 0.09 2.05 9.31 11.4 1.88 2.33 4.21 — 9,581 9,581 0.39 0.08 — 9,614 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 8.03 6.86 48.4 81.1 0.11 2.54 8.50 10.4 2.34 2.78 5.12 — 20,210 20,210 0.74 1.03 1.24 20,536 2024 5.88 27.6 45.5 54.2 0.09 2.05 9.31 11.4 1.88 2.33 4.21 — 9,581 9,581 0.39 0.08 — 9,614 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 4.69 3.98 32.6 42.0 0.06 1.43 4.21 5.65 1.32 1.26 2.59 — 9,515 9,515 0.33 0.41 7.04 9,651 2024 3.58 7.65 28.0 32.9 0.06 1.24 5.84 7.09 1.14 1.46 2.61 — 5,999 5,999 0.24 0.05 — 6,020 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2023 0.86 0.73 5.96 7.66 0.01 0.26 0.77 1.03 0.24 0.23 0.47 — 1,575 1,575 0.05 0.07 1.17 1,598 2024 0.65 1.40 5.11 6.01 0.01 0.23 1.07 1.29 0.21 0.27 0.48 — 993 993 0.04 0.01 — 997

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Page 570 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Summer
(Max)
Unmit. 41.9 69.5 71.4 502 1.29 1.80 34.4 36.2 1.76 6.21 7.97 1,087 145,529 146,616 114 9.65 751 153,100 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 27.1 55.5 76.3 284 1.16 1.72 34.3 36.0 1.66 6.18 7.84 1,087 132,785 133,872 114 9.79 351 139,998 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 31.4 59.7 67.1 342 1.11 1.63 31.8 33.5 1.58 5.72 7.30 1,087 127,669 128,757 114 8.76 504 134,723 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 5.74 10.9 12.3 62.4 0.20 0.30 5.81 6.10 0.29 1.04 1.33 180 21,137 21,317 18.9 1.45 83.4 22,305

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 31.0 27.8 64.2 439 1.24 1.21 34.4 35.6 1.15 6.21 7.36 — 127,559 127,559 2.69 8.35 410 130,526 Area 10.2 41.3 0.48 57.3 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.10 — 0.10 — 236 236 0.01 < 0.005 — 237 Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,569 16,569 1.52 0.11 — 16,641 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Off-Road 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 41.9 69.5 71.4 502 1.29 1.80 34.4 36.2 1.76 6.21 7.97 1,087 145,529 146,616 114 9.65 751 153,100 Page 571 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 26.3 23.3 69.6 279 1.12 1.21 34.3 35.5 1.15 6.18 7.33 — 115,052 115,052 2.75 8.49 10.6 117,660 Area — 31.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,569 16,569 1.52 0.11 — 16,641 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Off-Road 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 27.1 55.5 76.3 284 1.16 1.72 34.3 36.0 1.66 6.18 7.84 1,087 132,785 133,872 114 9.79 351 139,998 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 25.7 22.8 60.2 308 1.07 1.08 31.8 32.9 1.02 5.72 6.74 — 109,820 109,820 2.49 7.46 163 112,268 Area 5.03 36.5 0.24 28.3 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.05 — 0.05 — 116 116 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 117 Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,569 16,569 1.52 0.11 — 16,641 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Off-Road 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 31.4 59.7 67.1 342 1.11 1.63 31.8 33.5 1.58 5.72 7.30 1,087 127,669 128,757 114 8.76 504 134,723 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 4.68 4.17 11.0 56.2 0.20 0.20 5.81 6.00 0.19 1.04 1.23 — 18,182 18,182 0.41 1.23 27.0 18,587 Area 0.92 6.66 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3 Energy 0.13 0.07 1.22 1.03 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 2,743 2,743 0.25 0.02 — 2,755 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 79.9 193 273 8.21 0.20 — 537 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 100 0.00 100 10.0 0.00 — 350 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4
Off-Road 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Page 572 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Total 5.74 10.9 12.3 62.4 0.20 0.30 5.81 6.10 0.29 1.04 1.33 180 21,137 21,317 18.9 1.45 83.4 22,305

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Mobile 25.7 22.8 60.2 308 1.07 1.08 31.8 32.9 1.02 5.72 6.74 — 109,820 109,820 2.49 7.46 163 112,268 Area 5.03 36.5 0.24 28.3 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.05 — 0.05 — 116 116 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 117 Energy 0.74 0.37 6.70 5.63 0.04 0.51 — 0.51 0.51 — 0.51 — 16,569 16,569 1.52 0.11 — 16,641 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 483 1,164 1,646 49.6 1.19 — 3,241 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 605 0.00 605 60.4 0.00 — 2,115 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 341 341
Off-Road 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 31.4 59.7 67.1 342 1.11 1.63 31.8 33.5 1.58 5.72 7.30 1,087 127,669 128,757 114 8.76 504 134,723 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 4.68 4.17 11.0 56.2 0.20 0.20 5.81 6.00 0.19 1.04 1.23 — 18,182 18,182 0.41 1.23 27.0 18,587 Area 0.92 6.66 0.04 5.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 19.3 19.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.3 Energy 0.13 0.07 1.22 1.03 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 2,743 2,743 0.25 0.02 — 2,755 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 79.9 193 273 8.21 0.20 — 537 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 100 0.00 100 10.0 0.00 — 350 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4 56.4
Off-Road 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 5.74 10.9 12.3 62.4 0.20 0.30 5.81 6.10 0.29 1.04 1.33 180 21,137 21,317 18.9 1.45 83.4 22,305

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Site Preparation (2023) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Winter
(Max)
Off-Road
Equipment

5.83 4.90 47.0 38.0 0.05 2.53 — 2.53 2.33 — 2.33 — 5,530 5,530 0.22 0.04 — 5,549 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 5.66 5.66 — 2.69 2.69 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.64 0.54 5.15 4.16 0.01 0.28 — 0.28 0.26 — 0.26 — 606 606 0.02 < 0.005 — 608 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.62 0.62 — 0.29 0.29 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.12 0.10 0.94 0.76 < 0.005 0.05 — 0.05 0.05 — 0.05 — 100 100 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 101 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.11 0.11 — 0.05 0.05 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Winter
(Max)
Worker 0.09 0.08 0.12 1.13 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 232 232 0.01 0.01 0.03 235 Vendor 0.03 0.02 0.68 0.30 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 555 555 0.01 0.08 0.04 578 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 27.2 27.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 27.6 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 60.8 60.8 < 0.005 0.01 0.07 63.4 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 4.50 4.50 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.56 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10.1 10.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10.5 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.2. Site Preparation (2023) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment Page 576 of 1191

5.83 4.90 47.0 38.0 0.05 2.53 — 2.53 2.33 — 2.33 — 5,530 5,530 0.22 0.04 — 5,549 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Dust — — — — — — 5.66 5.66 — 2.69 2.69 — — — — — — —
From
Material
Movement
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.09 0.08 0.12 1.13 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 232 232 0.01 0.01 0.03 235 Vendor 0.03 0.02 0.68 0.30 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 555 555 0.01 0.08 0.04 578 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Page 577 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 27.2 27.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 27.6 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 60.8 60.8 < 0.005 0.01 0.07 63.4 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 4.50 4.50 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.56 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10.1 10.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10.5 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3. Grading (2023) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

5.00 4.20 40.9 32.7 0.06 1.96 — 1.96 1.80 — 1.80 — 6,715 6,715 0.27 0.05 — 6,738 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 2.67 2.67 — 0.98 0.98 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

5.00 4.20 40.9 32.7 0.06 1.96 — 1.96 1.80 — 1.80 — 6,715 6,715 0.27 0.05 — 6,738

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Dust — — — — — — 2.67 2.67 — 0.98 0.98 — — — — — — —
From
Material
Movement
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

1.51 1.26 12.3 9.85 0.02 0.59 — 0.59 0.54 — 0.54 — 2,024 2,024 0.08 0.02 — 2,031 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.80 0.80 — 0.30 0.30 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.27 0.23 2.25 1.80 < 0.005 0.11 — 0.11 0.10 — 0.10 — 335 335 0.01 < 0.005 — 336 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.15 0.15 — 0.05 0.05 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

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Worker 0.11 0.10 0.14 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 265 265 0.01 0.01 0.03 268 Vendor 0.08 0.05 1.83 0.80 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.05 — 1,503 1,503 0.02 0.21 0.10 1,565 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 52.8 52.8 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 55.3 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.49 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 85.5 85.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.16 86.6 Vendor 0.03 0.02 0.54 0.24 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 453 453 0.01 0.06 0.53 472 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 15.9 15.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 16.7 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 14.1 14.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 14.3 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 74.9 74.9 < 0.005 0.01 0.09 78.1 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.63 2.63 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.76

3.4. Grading (2023) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Off-Road
Equipment

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.13 0.12 0.12 2.27 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 312 312 0.01 0.01 1.25 317 Vendor 0.09 0.06 1.70 0.78 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.05 — 1,501 1,501 0.02 0.21 4.02 1,567 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 52.7 52.7 < 0.005 0.01 0.11 55.4 Page 581 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.11 0.10 0.14 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 265 265 0.01 0.01 0.03 268 Vendor 0.08 0.05 1.83 0.80 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.05 — 1,503 1,503 0.02 0.21 0.10 1,565 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 52.8 52.8 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 55.3 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.49 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 85.5 85.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.16 86.6 Vendor 0.03 0.02 0.54 0.24 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 — 453 453 0.01 0.06 0.53 472 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 15.9 15.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 16.7 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 14.1 14.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 14.3 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 74.9 74.9 < 0.005 0.01 0.09 78.1 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.63 2.63 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.76

3.5. Building Construction (2023) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.86 4.07 38.4 42.9 0.08 1.79 — 1.79 1.65 — 1.65 — 7,890 7,890 0.32 0.06 — 7,917 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Off-Road
Equipment

4.86 4.07 38.4 42.9 0.08 1.79 — 1.79 1.65 — 1.65 — 7,890 7,890 0.32 0.06 — 7,917 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

1.46 1.23 11.6 12.9 0.02 0.54 — 0.54 0.50 — 0.50 — 2,378 2,378 0.10 0.02 — 2,386 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.27 0.22 2.11 2.36 < 0.005 0.10 — 0.10 0.09 — 0.09 — 394 394 0.02 < 0.005 — 395 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 3.69 3.19 3.38 62.3 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 8,577 8,577 0.33 0.27 34.3 8,701 Vendor 0.29 0.19 5.69 2.62 0.04 0.07 0.28 0.35 0.07 0.10 0.17 — 5,027 5,027 0.06 0.69 13.5 5,247 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 2.91 2.62 3.84 35.5 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 7,288 7,288 0.36 0.27 0.89 7,379 Vendor 0.27 0.17 6.14 2.68 0.04 0.07 0.28 0.35 0.07 0.10 0.17 — 5,031 5,031 0.06 0.69 0.35 5,239 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.92 0.84 1.08 13.3 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 2,349 2,349 0.10 0.08 4.45 2,381 Vendor 0.08 0.05 1.81 0.79 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.05 — 1,515 1,515 0.02 0.21 1.76 1,580 Page 583 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.17 0.15 0.20 2.44 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 389 389 0.02 0.01 0.74 394 Vendor 0.02 0.01 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 251 251 < 0.005 0.03 0.29 262 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.6. Building Construction (2023) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.86 4.07 38.4 42.9 0.08 1.79 — 1.79 1.65 — 1.65 — 7,890 7,890 0.32 0.06 — 7,917 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.86 4.07 38.4 42.9 0.08 1.79 — 1.79 1.65 — 1.65 — 7,890 7,890 0.32 0.06 — 7,917 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

1.46 1.23 11.6 12.9 0.02 0.54 — 0.54 0.50 — 0.50 — 2,378 2,378 0.10 0.02 — 2,386 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 584 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Off-Road
Equipment

0.27 0.22 2.11 2.36 < 0.005 0.10 — 0.10 0.09 — 0.09 — 394 394 0.02 < 0.005 — 395 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 3.69 3.19 3.38 62.3 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 8,577 8,577 0.33 0.27 34.3 8,701 Vendor 0.29 0.19 5.69 2.62 0.04 0.07 0.28 0.35 0.07 0.10 0.17 — 5,027 5,027 0.06 0.69 13.5 5,247 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 2.91 2.62 3.84 35.5 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 7,288 7,288 0.36 0.27 0.89 7,379 Vendor 0.27 0.17 6.14 2.68 0.04 0.07 0.28 0.35 0.07 0.10 0.17 — 5,031 5,031 0.06 0.69 0.35 5,239 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.92 0.84 1.08 13.3 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 2,349 2,349 0.10 0.08 4.45 2,381 Vendor 0.08 0.05 1.81 0.79 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.05 — 1,515 1,515 0.02 0.21 1.76 1,580 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.17 0.15 0.20 2.44 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 389 389 0.02 0.01 0.74 394 Vendor 0.02 0.01 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 251 251 < 0.005 0.03 0.29 262 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.7. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Page 585 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.64 3.89 36.5 42.7 0.08 1.61 — 1.61 1.48 — 1.48 — 7,891 7,891 0.32 0.06 — 7,918 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.64 3.89 36.5 42.7 0.08 1.61 — 1.61 1.48 — 1.48 — 7,891 7,891 0.32 0.06 — 7,918 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

3.33 2.78 26.2 30.6 0.05 1.16 — 1.16 1.06 — 1.06 — 5,652 5,652 0.23 0.05 — 5,671 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.61 0.51 4.77 5.58 0.01 0.21 — 0.21 0.19 — 0.19 — 936 936 0.04 0.01 — 939 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3.8. Building Construction (2024) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Page 586 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.64 3.89 36.5 42.7 0.08 1.61 — 1.61 1.48 — 1.48 — 7,891 7,891 0.32 0.06 — 7,918 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

4.64 3.89 36.5 42.7 0.08 1.61 — 1.61 1.48 — 1.48 — 7,891 7,891 0.32 0.06 — 7,918 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

3.33 2.78 26.2 30.6 0.05 1.16 — 1.16 1.06 — 1.06 — 5,652 5,652 0.23 0.05 — 5,671 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

3.9. Paving (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Page 587 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

1.01 0.85 7.81 10.0 0.01 0.39 — 0.39 0.36 — 0.36 — 1,512 1,512 0.06 0.01 — 1,517 Paving — 1.04 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

1.01 0.85 7.81 10.0 0.01 0.39 — 0.39 0.36 — 0.36 — 1,512 1,512 0.06 0.01 — 1,517 Paving — 1.04 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.21 0.17 1.61 2.06 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.07 — 0.07 — 311 311 0.01 < 0.005 — 312 Paving — 0.21 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.04 0.03 0.29 0.38 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 51.4 51.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 51.6 Paving — 0.04 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 588 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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3.10. Paving (2024) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

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Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3.11. Architectural Coating (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.22 0.18 1.21 1.53 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 178 178 0.01 < 0.005 — 179 Architect
ural
Coatings
— 88.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.22 0.18 1.21 1.53 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 178 178 0.01 < 0.005 — 179 Architect
ural
Coatings
— 88.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.05 0.04 0.25 0.31 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 36.6 36.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 36.7 Architect
ural
Coatings
— 18.2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Page 590 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Off-Road 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 6.06 6.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 6.08 Equipment
Architect
ural
Coatings
— 3.33 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

3.12. Architectural Coating (2024) - Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.22 0.18 1.21 1.53 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 178 178 0.01 < 0.005 — 179 Architect
ural
Coatings
— 21.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.22 0.18 1.21 1.53 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 178 178 0.01 < 0.005 — 179

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Architect
Coatings
— 21.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.05 0.04 0.25 0.31 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 36.6 36.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 36.7 Architect
ural
Coatings
— 4.44 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.01 0.01 0.05 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 6.06 6.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 6.08 Architect
ural
Coatings
— 0.81 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Page 592 of 1191 14748-Desert Harvest Detailed Report, 8/4/2022
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Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

9.19 8.34 6.27 133 0.26 0.10 1.06 1.16 0.09 0.31 0.41 — 26,169 26,169 0.73 0.59 92.8 26,456 Hotel 9.09 8.26 6.21 131 0.26 0.10 1.05 1.15 0.09 0.31 0.40 — 25,905 25,905 0.73 0.58 91.8 26,189 Strip Mall 11.3 10.3 7.74 164 0.32 0.13 1.30 1.43 0.12 0.38 0.50 — 32,286 32,286 0.90 0.73 114 32,640 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

1.37 0.95 44.0 10.6 0.41 0.88 3.02 3.91 0.85 0.97 1.81 — 43,199 43,199 0.32 6.45 111 45,241 Total 31.0 27.8 64.2 439 1.24 1.21 6.43 7.64 1.15 1.97 3.12 — 127,559 127,559 2.69 8.35 410 130,526 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

7.79 6.98 6.97 83.5 0.22 0.10 1.06 1.16 0.09 0.31 0.41 — 22,436 22,436 0.76 0.63 2.41 22,646 Hotel 7.62 6.82 6.76 81.3 0.21 0.10 1.02 1.12 0.09 0.30 0.39 — 21,717 21,717 0.74 0.61 2.33 21,920 Strip Mall 9.62 8.61 8.59 103 0.27 0.13 1.30 1.43 0.12 0.38 0.50 — 27,681 27,681 0.93 0.78 2.97 27,940 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Asphalt
Surfaces
User
Defined
Industrial

1.30 0.89 47.3 10.7 0.41 0.88 3.02 3.91 0.85 0.97 1.81 — 43,219 43,219 0.32 6.46 2.89 45,154 Total 26.3 23.3 69.6 279 1.12 1.21 6.41 7.62 1.15 1.96 3.11 — 115,052 115,052 2.75 8.49 10.6 117,660 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unrefrige
rated
Warehou
se-No
Rail

1.30 1.17 1.04 15.8 0.04 0.02 0.17 0.18 0.01 0.05 0.06 — 3,459 3,459 0.11 0.09 5.80 3,493 Hotel 1.35 1.22 1.09 16.5 0.04 0.02 0.18 0.19 0.02 0.05 0.07 — 3,617 3,617 0.11 0.09 6.06 3,653 Strip Mall 1.82 1.64 1.46 22.2 0.05 0.02 0.24 0.26 0.02 0.07 0.09 — 4,859 4,859 0.15 0.12 8.14 4,908 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.21 0.15 7.40 1.70 0.07 0.14 0.48 0.62 0.13 0.15 0.29 — 6,247 6,247 0.05 0.93 6.95 6,533 Total 4.68 4.17 11.0 56.2 0.20 0.20 1.06 1.26 0.19 0.33 0.51 — 18,182 18,182 0.41 1.23 27.0 18,587

4.1.2. Mitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max) Page 594 of 1191
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Unrefrige 9.19 8.34 6.27 133 0.26 0.10 1.06 1.16 0.09 0.31 0.41 — 26,169 26,169 0.73 0.59 92.8 26,456 rated
Warehou
Rail
Hotel 9.09 8.26 6.21 131 0.26 0.10 1.05 1.15 0.09 0.31 0.40 — 25,905 25,905 0.73 0.58 91.8 26,189 Strip Mall 11.3 10.3 7.74 164 0.32 0.13 1.30 1.43 0.12 0.38 0.50 — 32,286 32,286 0.90 0.73 114 32,640 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 User
Defined
Industrial

0.21 0.15 7.40 1.70 0.07 0.14 0.48 0.62 0.13 0.15 0.29 — 6,247 6,247 0.05 0.93 6.95 6,533 Total 4.68 4.17 11.0 56.2 0.20 0.20 1.06 1.26 0.19 0.33 0.51 — 18,182 18,182 0.41 1.23 27.0 18,587

4.2. Energy

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Desert Hot Springs City CouncilDecember 6, 2022

Desert Hot Springs City Council
December 6, 2022