Emeryville City Council
September 17, 2024

C A L I F O R N I A

LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN UPDATE
2024 - 2029

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
City Council
Courtney Welch, Mayor
David Mourra, Vice-Mayor
John Bauters, Council Member
Sukhdeep Kaur, Council Member
Kalimah Priforce, Council Member
City Manager
Paul Buddenhagen
Project Managers
Lori Elefant, Management Analyst, Annuitant – Human Resources Pedro Jimenez, Assistant City Manager
City of Emeryville Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Planning Team Mohamed Alaoui, Public Works Director
Fred Dauer, Lieutenant, Emeryville Police Department
Nancy Humphrey, PW Environmental Programs, Public Works Department John Kennedy, City Attorney
Michael Parenti, IT Manager
April Richardson, City Clerk
Rebecca Sermeno, Community Services Director
Randall West, Deputy Chief, Alameda County Fire Department Planning Division Staff Member, Assistant Planner, Community Development Department
Louise Engel, Community Member
George Martin, Community Member
Joseph Pred, CEM, Community Member
Institutional Key Partner Representatives
Heidi Benenson, Emergency Preparedness & Business Continuity Administrator, East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD)
John Rocha, Area Manager Brisbane Terminal & Richmond, Kinder Morgan Sara Lana, Emergency Services Coordinator, City of Berkeley Les Putnam, Senior Public Safety Specialist – Gas, PG&E Jacqueline Bott, PG, CEG, Engineering Geologist, California Geological Survey | Tsunami Unit
Nicholas Graehl, Engineering Geologist, California Geological Survey | Seismic Hazards Tsunami Unit
Alma Balmes, Risk Manager, Human Resources, East Bay Regional Park District Additional Support Provided By
Planning Division Staff, City of Emeryville
Nicholas Sayarad, Office Assistant II – Confidential, City Manager’s Office City of Emeryville
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Resources
Emeryville General Plan
Emeryville Climate Action Plan 2008
Emeryville Climate Action Plan 2.0 2016
Emeryville Climate Hazard Analysis, Four Twenty-Seven, August 26, 2016 Emeryville Emergency Operations Plan
City of Berkeley, 2019-2024 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan City of Oakland, 2021-2026, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan City of Piedmont 2019-2024 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), Cascading Failures California Maritime Tsunami Response Playbook and Mitigation Guidance, Berkeley / Emeryville – Alameda County Updated 1/8/2020
California Tsunami Evacuation Playbook, City of Emeryville, Alameda County, No. C09- ALA-03, Updated May 9, 2023
State of California Sea Level Rise Guidance, 2024 Science and Policy Update 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. 5 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 9 Background ............................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 13 History of Emeryville .................................................................................................. 14 HAZARDS AND RISKS IN EMERYVILLE .................................................................... 15 Background ............................................................................................................... 16 Earthquake ................................................................................................................ 16 Climate Change ......................................................................................................... 17 Hazardous Materials .................................................................................................. 18 Utility Infrastructure Failure ........................................................................................ 19 Floods ........................................................................................................................ 19 Fires ........................................................................................................................... 19 Biological Threats ...................................................................................................... 20 Civil Disturbance ........................................................................................................ 20 Terrorism ................................................................................................................... 20 HAZARD ANALYSIS .................................................................................................... 23 Hazard Analysis ......................................................................................................... 24 Earthquakes .............................................................................................................. 24 Existing Faults in or near Emeryville ...................................................................... 25 History of Earthquakes in the Bay Area ................................................................. 26 Earthquake Hazards in the Bay Area ..................................................................... 27 Climate Change ......................................................................................................... 47 Drought .................................................................................................................. 48 Sea Level Rise ....................................................................................................... 51 Extreme Weather ................................................................................................... 56 Hazardous Materials .................................................................................................. 58 Pipelines ................................................................................................................ 58 Transportation – Rail, Roads and Vessels ............................................................. 59 Biotech ................................................................................................................... 61 Development Dust / Hazardous Waste .................................................................. 61 City of Emeryville
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Infrastructure / Utility Failure ...................................................................................... 61 Energy Shortage .................................................................................................... 61 Public Safety Power Shutoffs ................................................................................. 62 Terrorism (Utility / Infrastructure) ............................................................................ 63 Floods ........................................................................................................................ 63 Seasonal Flooding ................................................................................................. 65 Tsunamis ............................................................................................................... 66 Dam Failure ........................................................................................................... 73 Fires ........................................................................................................................... 74 Wildfires ................................................................................................................. 74 Urban Fires ............................................................................................................ 75 Biological Threats ...................................................................................................... 75 Pandemic ............................................................................................................... 76 Significant Outbreaks (other than COVID-19) Since 2006 ..................................... 80 Biotech Companies ................................................................................................ 82 Civil Disturbance ........................................................................................................ 83 Terrorism ................................................................................................................... 83 Cyberterrorism ....................................................................................................... 84 Bioterrorism ............................................................................................................ 85 MITIGATION STRATEGY ............................................................................................. 87 Mitigation Goals and Objectives ................................................................................ 88 Links to other City Plans ............................................................................................ 88 Mitigation Actions Completed From the 2019 – 2024 Plan ........................................ 88 Mitigation Actions Not Completed In 2019-2024 ........................................................ 91 Mitigation Actions to Complete 2024 – 2029 ............................................................. 93 List of City of Emeryville’s Assets at Risk for All Applicable Hazards ...................... 100 Parks and Open Spaces ...................................................................................... 102 Roads ................................................................................................................... 103 Bicycle / Pedestrian Pathways ............................................................................. 104 Federal, State and Local Ordinances and Regulations............................................ 104 Capabilities Assessment .......................................................................................... 107 Mitigation Projects and Programs ............................................................................ 110 Land Use and Development Trends ........................................................................ 111 Citywide Land Use Goals and Policies .................................................................... 112 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Goals .................................................................................................................... 112 Policies ................................................................................................................. 113 PLAN MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................... 119 Plan Review, Evaluation and Implementation .......................................................... 120 APPENDIX A .............................................................................................................. 121 City of Emeryville Planning Process 2019 - 2024 Update ........................................ 122

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BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION
City of Emeryville Old Town Hall, built in 1903
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BACKGROUND
The preservation of life, property and the environment are an inherent responsibility of local, state, and federal governments. The Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) of 2000 requires that all state and local governments develop a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) as a condition of receiving federal disaster assistance. The DMA encourages state and local authorities to work together on pre-disaster planning and promotes sustainable practices as a form of disaster resistance. The DMA also requires that the LHMP be updated every 5 years.

Local Hazard Mitigation Plans are investment strategies that communities develop to identify hazards, assess risks and vulnerabilities, and develop mitigation strategies that can be funded using a wide range of sources.

Mitigation policies (State Mitigation Planning Policy Guide and Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide) require equity considerations for underserved communities and socially vulnerable populations in every Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

What is equity? Equity is the consistent and systematic, fair, just and impartial treatment of all individuals, including individuals who belong to underserved communities who have been systematically denied a full opportunity to participate in aspects of economic, social, and civic life.1 This is an important consideration as studies have shown that socially vulnerable communities are especially hit hardest during disasters and need the most support to recover2
The degree to which a community exhibits certain social conditions, including high poverty, low percentage of vehicle access, or crowded households, among others, may affect that community’s ability to prevent human suffering and financial loss in the event of a disaster. These factors describe a community’s social vulnerability.3 Researchers use the following variables to help determine a community's social vulnerability:
 Socioeconomic Status
 Household composition and disability
 Racial and Ethnic Minority Status and Language
 Housing Type and Transportation
The young and the elderly can be the most vulnerable in a disaster for a variety of reasons. According to the 2022 US Census Data, 7% of the City’s population is under 1 Federal Register :: Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government
2 Jerolleman, Alessandra. (2019). Disaster Recovery Through the Lens of Justice. 10.1007/978-3-030- 04795-5.
3 www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/documentation/SVI_documentation_2022.html. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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the age of 18 and 12% are 65 years and over. In addition, 12% of the City’s population live below poverty level.4 Identification and recognition of where vulnerable community members are located within the community is critical to building long-term community resilience.

This is the third update to the City’s original 2009 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and reflects the City’s continued effort to identify and evaluate all potential natural and manmade hazards which may affect the City of Emeryville, to present mitigation strategies that the City can take to address those hazards and to improve the City’s resilience to a disaster and its ability to recover. This is only one of many steps the City of Emeryville is taking to protect the welfare of our residents as well as the natural and cultural resources of our community.

The City embarked on the 2024 plan update in November 2023. For this update, the hazards and risks in the City were updated and reprioritized based on the community and the planning teams’ experiences and concerns since the 2019 update. A review was also conducted of new and existing plans and programs related to hazard mitigation and the best available data was used to assess the City’s current hazards, vulnerabilities and risks associated with those hazards.

The development of this plan update included input from all City departments. The public was also encouraged to take several surveys to prioritize their concerns for the natural and man-made hazards that the City faces, to provide their input on how best to reduce the risks of these hazards as well as to provide their opinion on the mitigation ideas that the City has identified.

Members of the public were also encouraged to become part of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Planning Team. The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Planning Team convened in November 2023, and consisted of representatives from the City Manager, Human Resources, Community Services, Community Development, Public Works and Police Departments, as well as a representative from the Alameda County Fire Department and three community members. The planning team met six (6) times over the next ten (10) months.

The following plans, studies and reports were used in the development of the 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan:

Table 1.1 (a)
Existing Plans, Studies, Reports and
Technical Information
Method of Incorporation into the Local
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Climate Action Plan & Climate Action
Plan 2.0
Mitigation Policies and Programs
4 https://data.census.gov/table?q=those%20living%20in%20poverty%20in%20Emeryville City of Emeryville
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Existing Plans, Studies, Reports and
Technical Information
Method of Incorporation into the Local
Hazard Mitigation Plan
General Plan, Conservation, Safety and
Noise Safety Element; Sustainability
Element
Community Profile, Capabilities,
Mitigation Policies, Programs and
Hazards
ABAG Bay Area Risk Landscape (2015) Hazards, Risk Assessment, Vulnerabilities
ABAG Cascading Failures, December
2014; Earthquake Threats to
Transportation and Utilities
Hazards, Risk Assessment,
Vulnerabilities
City of Berkeley 2019 Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan
Capabilities Assessment, Hazards,
Risk Assessments, Vulnerability
City of Oakland, 2021 Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan
Capabilities Assessment, Hazards,
Risk Assessments, Vulnerabilities
Emeryville Climate Hazard Analysis, Four
Twenty-Seven, August 2016
Hazard Analysis, Risk Assessment,
Vulnerabilities
State of California Sea Level Rise
Guidance 2024 Science & Policy Update
Hazards, Risk Assessment,
Vulnerabilities, Mitigation Planning
City of Emeryville Emergency Operations
Plan
Capabilities Assessment, Hazards
California Maritime Tsunami Response
Playbook and Mitigation Guide
Hazards, Risk Assessment,
Mitigation Programs
2019 NTHMP Tsunami Information Guide
Presented by the National Tsunami
Hazard Mitigation Program
Hazards, Risk Assessment,
Vulnerabilities, Mitigation Planning
Emeryville Municipal Code Capabilities, Risk Assessment In addition, a draft of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update was presented for review and public comment to the City’s Sustainability Committee, Public Safety Committee, Transportation Committee, Planning Commission and City Council. Outside stakeholders were also sent a copy of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update and invited via email to attend all of these public meetings.

To ensure that the mitigation strategies in the 2024 – 2029 LHMP are implemented as envisioned, and to review new hazards data as they become available, the Community Development Director or their designee, will track the mitigation activities and will annually review the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan with the Public Works and Planning and Building Departments. A Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Planning Team will be convened by the Community Development Director or their designee every 5 years for a comprehensive review and revision of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted as an amendment to the Safety Element of the City’s General Plan in July 2019.

Appendix A provides a detailed outline and documentation of the City’s planning and public outreach process from 2019 -2024.

INTRODUCTION5
Emeryville is located on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Alameda County, bordered by the City of Berkeley to the north and the City of Oakland to the east and south. Interstate 80/580 passes through Emeryville towards Sacramento, running north from the Bay Bridge, while Interstate 580 towards Hayward, passes just to its south.

Figure 1.2 (a) illustrates the City’s regional location.

The City is compact, occupying only 1.2 square miles. Emeryville is largely flat and is distinguished by a peninsula created in the 1960s that extends just over a mile into the Bay. According to the California Department of Finance, Emeryville’s estimated population as of January 1, 2024, was 13,314.6
Figure 1.2 (a). Regional Map of Emeryville7
5 Emeryville General Plan, Introduction and Overview pgs. 1-7 to 1-9. 6 State of California, Department of Finance. Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, counties, and the State – January 2023 - 2024 State of California Department of Finance, 1 May 2024 Web. .Estimates-E1 | Department of Finance (ca.gov)
7 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. City of Emeryville Planning Division. October 2009. Web. 17 Apr. 2017. http://emeryville.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1016.

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HISTORY OF EMERYVILLE
Before the settlement of Spanish land grants in the 1800s, the Emeryville area was the site of extensive Native American settlements. After settlement of the area by Europeans, Emeryville was incorporated as a City in 1896, largely due to the efforts of Joseph S.

Emery, a local businessman. Emeryville soon became a city of big industrial enterprises and rail terminals. Residential areas were confined to small portions of the City’s eastern edge, bordering Oakland. The City remained this way for many years.

However, in the 1970s the make-up of the City began to change. The City’s older industries began to move to the suburbs or close up shop altogether. Along the peninsula, the City saw a major residential development occur with the Watergate Apartments (now condominiums), built in 1974, (1,249 units) along with multi-story high rise office buildings.

The City also created parks and a 500-berth marina by filling in 7.8 additional acres of the San Francisco Bay to create a small boat harbor.

Emery Bay Village, located on 53rd Street, was built in 1980 (112 units) followed by the Pacific Park Plaza, on Christie Avenue, in 1984 (a high-rise with 583 units). These two developments along with the Watergate Apartments doubled the city’s population to nearly 5,000 residents. Many multi-unit buildings have been built in the City over the past 40 years doubling the City’s population since 1984. In 2023-2024, Emeryville was the fastest growing city in the Bay Area and the third fastest in the State of California.8 It is projected that Emeryville’s population could increase to approximately 16,600 by 2030, a 20% increase from its population today.

Development of the City continues through today. Large-scale commercial/retail redevelopment projects have changed and will continue to change the landscape of the City. As these large tracts of industrial land have been redeveloped and continue to be redeveloped, Emeryville will continue to see a substantial increase in employment and population.
8 Department of Finance, Office of the Director, State of California, Press Release, “State’s Population Increases While Housing Grows per New State Demographic Report,” 30 April 2024, E-1 2024 Press Release (ca.gov)
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HAZARDS AND RISKS IN EMERYVILLE
Cypress Freeway Collapse, Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 18, 1989 City of Emeryville
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BACKGROUND
The City of Emeryville is one of the smallest cities in California, covering 2.25 square miles of which approximately 1.2 miles is land area, and one square mile is tidal on the San Francisco Bay.

This 2024 – 2029 update evaluates the different risks that pose a hazard to the City, identifies past and present mitigation activities and current policies and programs, as well as mitigation strategies for the future.

The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Planning Team initially met on November 28, 2023, and reviewed the hazards previously identified in the City’s 2019 Plan, as well as the risks and hazards identified by community members in our Local Hazard Community Survey, and the City of Berkeley’s 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. From this review, the team identified the following nine natural or man-made risks to the City to be included in the plan (in order of concern):
 Earthquake
 Climate Change
 Hazardous Materials Release
 Utility/Infrastructure Failure
 Floods
 Fires
 Biological Threats
 Civil Disturbance
 Terrorism

EARTHQUAKE
The San Francisco Bay Area is a seismically active region with numerous faults. Although no active faults run through Emeryville, the City is approximately three miles from the Hayward Fault and 15 miles from the San Andreas Fault, the two most prominent and active faults in the Bay Area.

To the east of the Hayward Fault runs the Calaveras Fault. In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey suggested that these two faults may be connected. If true, this would have significant implications for the potential maximum strength of earthquakes on the Hayward Fault, since this strength is determined by the maximum length of the fault rupture and this rupture could extend beyond the juncture point and could include some portion of the Calaveras Fault.
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North of San Pablo Bay, and somewhat offset from the Hayward Fault is the Rodgers Creek Fault, which many experts had considered to be an extension of the Hayward Fault.

The connection between the Rodgers Creek Fault Zone and the Hayward Fault Zone was unclear until 2015 when a survey of the floor of San Pablo Bay found that the ends of the two faults were smoothly linked between Point Pinole and Lower Tubbs Island.9 This new finding means that the Rodgers-Hayward system together could produce a quake with a magnitude as high as 7.2.10 It is also considered possible that a major seismic event on either fault may involve movement on the other, either concurrently or within an interval of up to several months. The entire City is subject to hazardous ground shaking (and liquefaction for half the City) in a major earthquake on any of these fault lines.

Destructive earthquakes struck the Bay Area in 1838, 1868, 1906, 1911 and 1989, and 2014. In the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 62 people died. Most of the fatalities (42) were caused by the collapse of the double-decked Cypress Freeway that ran through West Oakland, and within one mile of Emeryville. In 2014, the Napa Earthquake killed two persons, injured 200 and caused $500 million in damages.

The most powerful earthquake in the State in 20 years occurred in Ridgecrest, California in July 2019 and consisted of 3 main shocks of magnitudes 6.4, 5.4 and then 7.1. 5 people were injured, 50 homes suffered structural damage, and 4 homes were damaged by fire from broken gas lines. Overall damage was estimated to be in excess of $100 million.

CLIMATE CHANGE
Like regions across the globe, the San Francisco Bay Area is experiencing and will continue to increasingly experience the impacts of the changing climate. By 2100, average temperatures in the San Francisco Bay Area are projected to increase by 11°F.

In 2100, Emeryville is also expected to experience six to ten additional heat waves each year, which will disproportionally impact the elderly, children under five and the lowincome members of our community.11 If the average temperatures increase, this could shorten the snowfall season in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, increasing the amount of rain and the rate of snow melt, thereby threatening even coastal cities, such as Emeryville with increased flooding. Conversely, reduced snowpack could increase the risk and severity of drought conditions.
9 Perlman, David. "New Data on 2 Bay Area Faults Cause Worry about next Big Quake." www.sfchronicle.com. San Francisco Chronicle 26 Jan. 2016. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/New-data-on-2-Bay-Area-faults-cause-worry-about-6731300.php 10 Perlman, David. "Quake Threat: Research Shows 2 Bay Area Faults Probably Linked, Cause for Worry among Scientists about next Big One." San Francisco Chronicle 2 Jan. 2016: C-1, 4. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. http://www.pressreader.com/usa/san-francisco-chronicle/20160102/281973196630630. 11 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy: A Report to the Governor of the State of California in Response to Executive Order S-13-2008. Sacramento, CA: California Natural Resources Agency, 2009.

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The Bay Area has seen its fair share of drought over the past decade. In 2014, the Governor declared a State of Emergency in California in response to the drought conditions that began in 2012. 2015 was the driest year on record in California since 1977. At that time, statewide reservoirs were only at 18 – 67% of average.12 Another State of Emergency was declared in 2021; when that declaration was lifted in 2023 the state left several key water conservation requirements in place permanently. It is clear that climate change will likely increase the number and severity of future droughts. The cumulative impact of climate change will result in drier conditions for the entire City of Emeryville and could alter the timing and efficiency of the Bay Area water supply.

All weather conditions are becoming more severe due to climate change. When it rains, the Bay Area is increasingly likely to experience atmospheric rivers due to climate change. 50% of California’s total annual precipitation and streamflow can come from a few intense atmospheric rivers during fall and winter. Although they provide essential water resources and relieve regional drought, strong atmospheric rivers often pose serious risks including floods, landslides, and levee breaks in California.13 Atmospheric rivers can also bring extreme winds with them. These winds can topple trees and power lines causing widespread power outages as well as wildfires.

Sea level rise is another concern for the City as a direct result of climate change.

According to the City’s General Plan, the local effects of sea level rise could be severe in Emeryville. According to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), sea level in the San Francisco Bay Area has risen by as much as eight inches over the past century.14 The Ocean Protection Council in the State of California Sea Level Rise Guidance, 2024 Science and Policy Update, project that Statewide sea levels are most likely to rise by 0.8 feet by 2050 and by the mid-term (2050 to 2100), the Statewide averaged sea levels could rise between 1.6 feet and 3.1 feet although higher amounts are possible.15 This could, in turn, erode bay shores, marshes and wetlands and increase the salinity in our groundwater and streams.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
The existence of hazardous materials is a fact of life in Emeryville. Everyday trains travel through the City pulling tanker and boxcars carrying various types of hazardous materials.

A natural gas transmission line, similar to the gas transmission line that exploded in San Bruno in 2010, runs through the City underneath Hollis Street. The explosion in San Bruno illustrated the threat to the surrounding community from such a hazardous incident. 12 California Governor’s office of Emergency Services (2015). 13 Mendez, Emily (2024, Feb 5) “A Climate Expert Explains Why Atmospheric Rivers are Causing Historic Rainfall in California,” State of the Planet, News from the Columbia Climate School, https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2024/02/05/a-climate-expert-explains-why-atmospheric-rivers-arecausing-historic-rainfall-in-california/ 14 California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Sea Level Rise, 23 Aug 2023; https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/epic-2022/impacts-physical-systems/sea-level-rise 15 State of California Sea Level Rise Guidance, 2024 Science and Policy Update, California Ocean Protection Council, Page 8
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A jet fuel line runs through the City under the railroad tracks as well. In addition, Emeryville is home to many biotech companies, research and development labs, and medical facilities, some of which use hazardous materials in their work.

History has shown that wherever accidents and emergencies involve hazardous materials, they are extremely complex to mitigate. A hazardous materials release could harm community members by exposing people to vapors that are toxic, suffocating, cause burns or are irritating. A hazardous materials release can threaten not only life and property, but also the environment, such as Temescal Creek or San Francisco Bay.16

UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE
Disruptions to communications, water and transportation networks can cause emergencies to cascade into disasters. In day-to-day lives, Bay Area communities, including the City of Emeryville, are heavily reliant on local, regional, state, and interstate utility and transportation systems. For the City, its residents, and its businesses to remain functional, buildings must not only sustain minimal damage, but must also be connected to operating water, power, and sewer systems.17
FLOODS
Flooding in the City could occur as a result of storms, inundation from a dam failure or a tsunami. Flooding can occur when storm water exceeds the capacity of a creek channel, or the capacity of the storm drain system. Flooding may also occur as a result of the impacts of sea level rise on shallow groundwater. The dam at Lake Temescal is the closest dam to the City and is located approximately 3.5 miles east of the City limits. The dam is considered generally to be sound and able to withstand a large earthquake.

However, if it were to fail, most of the southern part of Emeryville could be flooded.

Tsunamis, though rare inside the San Francisco Bay, could occur from a large offshore subduction style earthquake around the Pacific Rim.

FIRES
Emeryville does not have the terrain and vegetation conditions for large or devastating wildfires. However, due to the density of the City, urban fires are a constant threat. The worst-case urban fire could be associated with an earthquake. The potential for loss of life and property from an urban fire is greatest in places where large groups of people gather, such as offices, stores, hotels, high-rise buildings, and theaters. 16 City of Berkeley. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. City of Berkeley Fire Department, 1 June 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Fire/Level_3_-_General/2014%20LHMP.pdf. 17 Bay Area Risk Landscape. Association of Bay Area Governments, Section 4.3, Page 74.

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BIOLOGICAL THREATS
Biological threats can be naturally occurring or the result of terrorism. The most recent naturally occurring biological threat was the SARS COVID-19 pandemic which killed 7,042,022 worldwide as of April 2024.18 Other naturally occurring biological threats in recent years have included Mpox, the Zika Virus, Ebola, Avian Influenza (Bird Flu), and the West Nile Virus.

A biological terrorist attack is the intentional release of a pathogen (disease causing agent) or a biotoxin (poisonous substance produced by a living organism) against humans, plants, or animals.19 A bioterrorist attack against the United States is a constant threat with potentially devastating consequences, including mass casualties, economic instability, and damage to critical infrastructure.

CIVIL DISTURBANCE
Civil disturbance is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. It can take the form of small gatherings or large groups. The Bay Area has recently experienced protests that have attempted to block buildings, major highways, and even the Golden Gate Bridge and the Bay Bridge. In 2020, Emeryville experienced several protests in the City that originated in Berkeley and/or Oakland and resulted in vandalism and damages to local businesses.

TERRORISM
Since September 11, 2001, terrorism has become a fact of life for all Americans. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) defines terrorism as the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian populations, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

Terrorist acts or acts of war may cause casualties, extensive property damage, fires, flooding, and other ensuing hazards.

Although most likely not a direct target, the City of Emeryville, given its geographic proximity to the Bay Bridge, Oakland, and San Francisco, could be affected by a terrorist attack on any of these locations. In addition, the presence of so many biotech companies in the City can make it a target for domestic terrorism.

Cyberterrorism, the use of computer network tools to shut down critical government infrastructures and Ransomware, a type of malicious software that denies a user's access 18 Ritchie, Hannah; Mathieu, Edouard; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; OrtizOspina, Esteban; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Beltekian, Diana; Dattani, Saloni; Roser, Max (2020– 2022). "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)". Our World in Data. Retrieved 10 April 2024. 19 United State Department of Homeland Security, “Biological Attack Fact Sheet: Human Pathogens, Biotoxins, and Agricultural Threats, https://www.dhs.gov/publication/biological-attack-fact-sheet 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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to a system or data until a sum of money is paid is an ongoing threat to the City’s infrastructure as well.

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HAZARD ANALYSIS
Oakland-Berkeley Hills Fire, October 1991

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HAZARD ANALYSIS
With its rapidly growing permanent, transient, and recreational populations, Emeryville is subject to potential negative impacts from a broad range of natural and man-made hazards and threats. This section will analyze the hazards identified in order of priority by the City to have the greatest potential for occurrence and damage.

The Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team identified the probability of hazards as ‘high” which is defined as occurring every 1 – 10 years, “medium” as occurring every 10 – 50 years, and “low” as occurring at intervals greater than 50 years. However, for some hazards, such as earthquakes, there is a high percentage probability that an earthquake will occur in the Bay Area; it could be tomorrow, or it could be 30 years from now.

EARTHQUAKES
PROBABILITY – HIGH SEVERITY – HIGH
Earthquakes are the principal geologic activity affecting public safety in Emeryville. An earthquake is a sudden rapid shaking of the ground caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the Earth’s surface. The San Francisco Bay Area is a seismically active region with numerous active faults. Scientists predict that within a 30-year period (beginning in 2014), there’s a 51 percent chance that the San Francisco region specifically will experience one or more magnitude-7.0 or greater earthquakes. And there’s a 98% chance of one or more magnitude-6.0 or greater quakes hitting the Bay Area in that same timeframe.20
In Emeryville, an earthquake is the hazard with the highest combined likelihood to cause extensive damage to the City and to the region as a whole. In the event of an earthquake, the location of the epicenter as well as the time of day and season of the year could have a profound effect on the number of deaths, casualties, property damage, and disruption of normal government and community services and activities. The effects could be compounded by collateral emergencies such as fires, dam failure, flooding, tsunami, hazardous material spills, utility disruptions, bridge collapses, structural collapses, street blockage by debris, street surface breakage due to liquefaction, landslides, and transportation emergencies.

Figure 4.1(a) shows the location of active faults that are mapped by the State of California under the Alquist-Priolo Act.
20 California Earthquake Authority. “CEA - California Earthquake Risk Map & Faults by County.” Earthquakeauthority.com, 2024, www.earthquakeauthority.com/California-Earthquake-Risk/Faults-ByCounty. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Figure 4.1 (a). Alquist-Priolo Active Faults - San Francisco Bay Area21

EXISTING FAULTS IN OR NEAR EMERYVILLE
There are many faults running through the Bay Area - The San Andreas Fault, The Hayward Fault, The Calaveras Fault and the Rogers Creek Fault, to name a few.

Emeryville is approximately 15 miles from the San Andreas Fault, 3 miles from the Hayward Fault and 19 miles from the Calaveras Fault. Therefore, the entire City is subject to hazardous ground shaking in a major earthquake.

The San Andreas Fault lies offshore and through the San Francisco Peninsula. The San Andreas Fault is a transform (strike-slip) fault that runs a length of roughly 800 miles through California. It is the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.

The Hayward Fault is a geologic fault zone capable of generating significantly destructive earthquakes. The Hayward Fault is considered part of the San Andreas System, and it runs for 60 miles along the hills of the East Bay, cutting through the University of California Berkeley Memorial Stadium and skimming uncomfortably close to the Caldecott Tunnel, Highway 13, cross the Hayward Fault, as do pipelines that bring water down from the snow-clad Sierra. There are hundreds of privately owned structures in the fault zone, the majority of which were built before the State passed a tough earthquake-zoning law in 1972.
21 California, State of. Fault Activity Map of California. Web. 13 Apr. 2017. http://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam.

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The Calaveras Fault lies 19 miles to the east of the City. Although it has been known for some time that the Calaveras and Hayward faults merge in the South Bay region, recent geological studies suggest that the Calaveras and Hayward faults may be even more closely connected horizontally deep beneath the surface, angling toward each other with depth until they become a single fault. If true, this could have significant implications for the potential maximum strength of earthquakes on the Hayward Fault, since this strength is determined by the maximum length of the fault rupture and this rupture could extend beyond the juncture point to include some portion of the Calaveras.

Rogers Creek Fault is north of San Pablo Bay, and somewhat offset from the Hayward Fault, considered by many experts to be an extension of the Hayward Fault. In 2015, a survey of the floor of San Pablo Bay found that the ends of the two faults were smoothly linked between Point Pinole and Lower Tubbs Island. Here again, a major seismic event on either fault could involve movement on the other, either concurrently or within a short interval up to several months. The Rogers Creek is considered one of the most hazardous faults in northern California as it is believed to be entirely locked (i.e. no recognizable creep) and has not had a major historical earthquake.

HISTORY OF EARTHQUAKES IN THE BAY AREA
The Bay Area is in the heart of earthquake country. Major faults cross through all nine Bay Area counties. Every point within the Bay Area is within 30 miles of an active fault, and 97 of the 101 cities in the Bay Area are within ten miles of an active fault.22 The Bay Area has experienced significant, well-documented earthquakes. In 1868, a significant earthquake occurred on the Hayward fault with an estimated magnitude of 6.8 – 7.0. The fault ruptured the surface of the earth for more than 20 miles and significant damage was experienced in Hayward and throughout Alameda County, and as far away as San Francisco, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz. The M7.8 1906 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, centered just off the coast of San Francisco, devastated San Francisco and caused extensive damage in Oakland, San Jose, and Santa Rosa. More recently, the M6.9 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused severe damage in Santa Cruz and the surrounding mountains, where it was centered, as well as fatal damage 50 miles away in Oakland and San Francisco.23
Moderate earthquakes are much more common in the Bay Area; twenty-two have occurred in the last 178 years averaging every eight years.24 The 2014 South Napa earthquake reiterated that even a moderate magnitude 6.0 earthquake can produce a lot of damage in a localized area.
22 San Francisco Bay Area 2017 Risk Profile, Association of Bay Area Governments, ABAG Publication, #P17002EQK, Page 22
23 Bay area Risk Landscape. Association of Bay Area Governments. Section 3.1. Page 8 24 US Geological Survey (Ellworth, W.L.)
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The Hayward fault has been relatively quiet for the past 156 years. Because the past five large earthquakes on the Hayward fault have been about 140 years apart, the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults are the most likely faults to produce a large earthquake in the Bay Area. USGS scientists describe the Hayward fault as a tectonic time bomb, due anytime for another magnitude 6.8 to 7.0 earthquake. An earthquake of this magnitude would produce strong shaking and possible ground failure throughout the Bay Area.

Earthquake Related Declared Disasters in the Bay Area Since 1950 M6.0 South Napa Earthquake on August 24, 2014, caused $362 million - $1 billion in damage and affected both Napa and Solano Counties.

Tsunami resulting from M8.9 Honshu, Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011.

Resulted in $39 million in damage affecting Del Norte, Monterey and Santa Cruz Counties, as well as minor damage in the Berkeley Marina.

M5.2 Napa Earthquake on September 6, 2000, caused $15 – 70 million in estimated damage to Napa County.

M6.9 Loma Prieta Earthquake on October 18, 1989, caused $5.9 billion in damage, with 23,408 homes damaged, 3,530 businesses damaged, 1,018 homes destroyed and 366 businesses destroyed.

M6.2 Morgan Hill Earthquake on April 24, 1984, resulted in $7.265 million in damage to public, business, and private sectors in Santa Clara County.

EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN THE BAY AREA
Earthquakes can cause various types of seismic hazards in the City such as ground shaking, ground failure, surface fault ruptures, and liquefaction.

Ground Shaking
Ground shaking is both a hazard created by earthquakes and the trigger for other hazards such as liquefaction and landslides. When faults rupture, the slip generates vibrations or waves in the earth that are felt as ground shaking. This shaking can last for seconds or a minute or more. Ground shaking describes the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. Most earthquake damage results from the shaking caused by seismic waves passing beneath buildings, roads, and other structures. The intensity of ground shaking is based on the magnitude of the earthquake and other factors including the distance to the fault, the direction of the rupture and the type of soil (landfill vs. bedrock).

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Figure 4.1.3.1(a). Geology and Earthquake Shaking Potential25 The entire City of Emeryville is located in the highest two categories for shaking potential.

This area includes four schools, three daycares, two fire stations, a police station, City Hall, the Senior Center, three senior housing facilities, the 40th Street and Powell Street vehicle overpasses, and the Amtrak and South Bayfront pedestrian bridges. In addition, Emeryville contains 11 “high rise” buildings with floors over 75 feet in height that include office, hotel, and residential uses. Since adoption of the previous plan, over 1,170 units, over 361,000 square feet of nonresidential space, and multiple public infrastructure projects have been developed, including:

1. Estrella Vista Apartments - 87 units

2. Avalon Public Market Apartments – 223 units

3. The Intersection - 108 units; 17,158 sf retail
25 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. City of Emeryville Planning Division. October 2009. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. Page 11. http://emeryville.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1016 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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4. Ocean Avenue Townhomes - 5 units

5. Bayview Emeryville Apartments -186 units

6. The Emery - 500 units, 70,000 sf research and development

7. BioMed Building 2 – 261,000 sf research and development

8. Marketplace Research & Development - 30,000 sf research and development

9. Christie Park Expansion - 0.46-acre addition to public park

10. Huchiun Park - 3.53-acre public park

11. South Bayfront Pedestrian Bicycle Bridge (2021)
No City facilities have been retrofitted or received seismic upgrades since 2019. However, the City’s adopted Capital Improvement Program (2023--2028) identifies a mandatory program related to the structural update and maintenance of the two pedestrian bridges and a possible seismic upgrade of a City-owned building at 4060 Hollis Street which is currently unoccupied. The City currently has a site demolition and remediation project underway which will enable seismic preparedness and resiliency by providing a location for a new Public Works Department maintenance facility and new police substation constructed to meet current seismic standards.

Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. It is the conversion of soil into a fluid like mass during an earthquake or other seismic event. The instability of the soil can cause buildings or structures on the soil to sink, tip unevenly, or even collapse.

The Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) is a measure of the likelihood and severity of liquefaction-related effects at the ground surface following an earthquake. Many factors affect the LPI value, including tide levels, sea level rise, depth of groundwater, and the ability of groundwater to rise through soil (hydraulic soil conductivity).26 Over the next century, sea-level rise is predicted to cause pervasive inundation on a global scale, affecting coastlines, river deltas, and wetlands. Sea-level rise is also predicted to lead to rising water tables. High water tables can lead to an increased risk of soil liquefaction during earthquakes.
26 Travis Poltras, Alex Grant, Ann Wein, Keith Knudsen, Kevin Betus, Monica Erdman, Kimber Petersen, “Liquefaction and Sea Level Rise: Sensitivity to Liquefaction Hazards from Sea Level Rise in the San Francisco Bay Area, California,” USGS, 22 July 2024,
https://geonarrative.usgs.gov/liquefactionandsealevelrise/ City of Emeryville
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Figure 4.1.3.2(a). Liquefaction Susceptibility Map for Emeryville27 The entire City lies within a liquefaction hazard zone as shown in Figure 4.1.3.2 (a). The peninsula has a very high susceptibility to liquefaction while the areas around the rail line and east have a moderate to low risk of liquefaction. The following buildings and infrastructure (City owned and private) are in moderate, high or very high liquefaction susceptibility:
 200 acres are in areas of moderate, high or very high liquefaction susceptibility;  Three miles of roadway are in areas of moderate, high or very high liquefaction susceptibility;
 Approximately 17 miles of roadway;
 Some city owned facilities (Fire Station 34, Emergency Operations Center/Fire Station 35, the City’s one and only Police Station, Hong Kong East Ocean Restaurant, The Amtrak, and South Bayfront Pedestrian Bridges);  Approximately 7,899 housing units;28
 11 high rise buildings with floors over 75 feet in height;  Major interstate freeway system (I-80);
 Sanitary Sewer lifting station.

In addition, Emeryville’s General Plan allows for the highest building heights (more than 100 feet) and the highest densities (up to 170 units per acre) in the very high and high liquefaction zones (see figures 4.1.3.3(a) and 4.1.3.3(b). 27 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. City of Emeryville Planning Division. October 2009. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://emeryville.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1016. 28 City of Emeryville, Addresses [Shapefile]. August 2024. Web. 21 August 2024. Retrieved from City of Emeryville GIS Viewer.
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Figure 4.1.3.3(a) Maximum Building Heights Map for Emeryville29 Figure 4.1.3.3(b) Maximum Residential Densities Map for Emeryville30 These areas contain the highest intensity of residential and non-residential development in Emeryville and may be the location of future projects susceptible to liquefaction hazards.
29 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. Land Use. Page 2-16. City of Emeryville Planning Division.

October 2009. Web. 22 July 2024 https://www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/1009/20-LandUse?bidId= 30 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. Land Use. Page 2-18 City of Emeryville Planning Division.

October 2009. Web. 22 July 2024 https://www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/1009/20-LandUse?bidId= City of Emeryville
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Lake Temescal Dam, located approximately 3.5 miles upstream of Emeryville, may be susceptible to liquefaction. Liquefaction is a potential failure mode of dams which are loaded at the time of an earthquake. Depending on how frequently the dam is loaded will determine how susceptible it is to liquefaction.31
Any development in a liquefaction hazard zone requires adherence to the guidelines for evaluating and mitigating seismic hazards as required by the Public Resources Code Section 2695(a). Before a development permit can be granted for site within a Seismic Hazard Zone (which means anywhere in the City), a geotechnical investigation of the site must be completed, and appropriate mitigation measures must be incorporated into the project design. Mitigation of liquefaction hazards can include edge containment structures (e.g. berms, dikes, retaining walls, etc.), driving piles, removal or treatment of liquefiable soils, or modification of site geometry.

The City’s Building Division implements and enforces the Emeryville Municipal Code and the California Building Code regulations relative to seismic risk to development. A City Ordinance specifies the need and establishes guidelines for the seismic upgrade of unreinforced masonry buildings. An increase in occupancy or intensification of use will trigger a requirement for a seismic upgrade.

Fire after an Earthquake
Significant portions of this section were originally developed for the City of San Francisco through the Community Action Plan for Seismic Safety (CAPSS) and described in detail in the City of Berkeley 2014 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.32 Although the CAPSS report was developed for San Francisco, many of the report’s findings are applicable to Emeryville as well.

Areas of liquefaction are more vulnerable to fire because of greater potential for underground gas mains to break due to ground displacements and because of water lines being damaged. Fires following earthquakes present a significant problem in dense urban environments like Emeryville, where many simultaneous ignitions can lead to a firestorm. In these cases, fire damage is even more severe than damage from earthquake shaking.

There are many examples locally and from around the world of fire following an earthquake:
 2014 South Napa Earthquake. Six fires broke out in the immediate aftermath of the 6.0 earthquake. One of those fires, due to a gas line break, was in a Mobile 31 Flood Risk Program Team - Dam Safety Planner, United States, Army Corp of Engineers June 7, 2018 32 Here Today Here Tomorrow: The Road to Earthquake Resilience in San Francisco. San Francisco Department of Building Inspection, 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. https://sfgov.org/esip/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/9757-atc522.pdf. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Park destroying four mobile homes. Firefighting efforts were hampered by water main breaks occurring in the same area.
 1995 Kobe Earthquake. More than 100 fires broke out following the 1995 Kobe earthquake, during which broken water mains left the fire department helpless, and fires destroyed more than 7,000 buildings. Fire was also a major contributor to the death toll.
 1994 Northridge Earthquake. More than 100 fires broke out following the 1994 Northridge earthquake, severely impacting area fire departments, even though it largely affected only the edge of greater Los Angeles.
 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Thirty-six fires broke out in San Francisco. A natural gas line rupture was responsible for some of the fire ignitions. Failure of the City’s electrical systems may have actually reduced the number of fire ignitions. Fires in the Marina District claimed four structures in the area, but lack of wind that night assisted in preventing the fires from spreading. Overall, the shaking experienced in the Loma Prieta earthquake was moderate as the epicenter was 70 miles away.
 1906 Great Earthquake. The 1906 earthquake was followed by a firestorm that lasted for three days and in that time swept over an area of over 3.5 miles.33 It is estimated that 80 percent of San Francisco’s property value was lost in the fire.

Another added concern in Emeryville is the potential for explosions or the potential of toxic smoke being released due to hazardous materials stored at industrial facilities and labs located in the City.

Since the last plan, several additional biotech companies have taken up residence in Emeryville. From January 2020 to June 2024, the City received 14 business permit applications for research and development uses related to biotechnology which brings the number of biotech companies in Emeryville to 30.

Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD) provides fire services to the City. At any one time, ACFD may have six to seven firefighters on duty in Emeryville. It is anticipated that after any major earthquake in the Bay Area, on-duty fire personnel will be overwhelmed very quickly. Departments in nearby cities will be struggling to respond to the needs of their own community and will be unable to provide mutual aid to Emeryville. State and Federal resources may not be available for many hours or even days. Fires could quickly burn out of control and threaten the City. Fire damage could add to the City’s overall damage making recovery more difficult and lengthier.

Landslides
Since Emeryville is relatively flat, it is not susceptible to earthquake triggered landslides. 33 "1906 San Francisco Fire Underwriters' Report." 1906 San Francisco Fire Underwriters' Report.

Engineering News, 9 Aug. 1906. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://sfmuseum.org/conflag/underwriters.html.

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Exposure and Vulnerability of Built Environment
Earthquake damage to structures can be caused by ground rupture, liquefaction, ground shaking, and possibly inundation from tsunami. The level of damage in Emeryville resulting from an earthquake will depend upon the magnitude of the quake, the epicenter distance from the City, the response of geologic materials, and the strength and construction of quality structures.

City Buildings
The City of Emeryville owns approximately 10 buildings. The City does not own any part of the Emeryville Center for Community Life (the City leases space). The property is owned and maintained by the Emeryville Unified School District. Each of the City’s buildings have been assessed for seismic safety and, when possible, have been strengthened.

Privately Owned Homes or Housing Units
According to the California Department of Finance, as of January 1, 2024, Emeryville had an estimated 8,356 housing units. Many of the units are located in both the highest two categories for shaking potential and liquefaction from an earthquake. As estimated by the California Department of Finance in 2020, an estimated 11% (919 out of 8,356) of the housing units in Emeryville are single family detached homes. As of March 2024, 27 single family wood frame properties (14 additional since 2014) had taken advantage of the City’s Program for Voluntary Seismic Retrofit for Wood Framed Buildings to seismically upgrade their foundations and exterior walls.

Soft Story Structures
A soft story building is a multi-story building with one or more floors that are “soft” due to its structural design. These buildings are characterized by having a story with lots of open areas. An example of a "soft story" structure is an apartment building with a store, restaurant or garage on the first floor. These buildings can be especially dangerous in earthquakes, because they cannot cope with the lateral seismic forces caused by the drift of the building. As a result, the building may fail, causing what is known as a “soft story collapse.” Many of the buildings that were damaged in the Marina district in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and in Southern California during the Northridge earthquake in 1994 were “soft story” structures.

In an informational report to the City Council in December 2014, the City identified seven buildings that potentially could be characterized as a soft story design. There is no State mandate to inventory and retrofit soft-story structures. However, in Fiscal Year 2024/2025, the City’s Building Division will be seeking grant opportunities from the State/FEMA (e.g., BRIC-Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities) to assist residential property owners to seismically upgrade their respective soft-story buildings with a City ordinance to follow.
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Unreinforced Masonry (URM)
In 1986, California passed an Unreinforced Masonry (URM) building law requiring local governments to identify URM buildings within each jurisdiction and establish loss reduction programs for URM buildings by 1990. To that end, the Emeryville City Council approved the Seismic Hazard Identification and Mitigation Program for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings in August 1990 (Ordinance No. 90-6) with an update to this ordinance adopted in 1994 (Ordinance No. 94-1). The purpose of this ordinance was to promote public safety by identifying those unreinforced masonry buildings in the City which were most susceptible to earthquake damage and to require certain mitigation measures to protect the lives of persons working and residing in Emeryville. As required by State Law, the Building Division maintains an inventory of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings located in the City. The City has identified 103 unreinforced masonry buildings in the City and the following is a summary of the status of these Unreinforced Masonry (URM) buildings:

Removed from List – Mitigation to UCBC or Better
Completed 39
Removed from List - Other 43
Only Minimum Measures Installed 21
TOTAL 103
This program has brought considerable increase in safety, and as of 2014, 100% percent of the URMs identified by the City have been seismically retrofitted, demolished or demonstrated to have complied with minimum mitigation measures.

Exposure and Vulnerability of the City’s Infrastructure This section examines the earthquake and exposure and vulnerability of Emeryville’s infrastructure focusing on utilities, transportation and communications. Infrastructure described in this section provides the foundation for day-to-day life in Emeryville.

Functional infrastructure systems are necessary for achieving community resilience. The consequence of infrastructure damage cascades well beyond the costs to repair the immediate damage. The failure of one system can limit the functionality of other key assets not only for the City but for the region as a whole. Degrading infrastructure systems and future large earthquakes with epicenters near Emeryville could result in system outages that last weeks for the most reliable systems, and multiple months for others.34
The City has responsibility for storm drains, retaining walls in the right-of-way, a sanitary sewer collection system that links to EBMUD’s system, creeks, open channels and creek culverts in the right-of-way and on City property (except for the Temescal Creek flood control channel and a storm culvert line on 62nd Street – Alameda County Flood Control 34 "Cascading Failures: Earthquake Threats to Transportation and Utilities." Association of Bay Area Governments Resilience Program. Association of Bay Area Governments, Dec. 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/projects/transportation_utilities_2014.

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has responsibility for those), street lights and traffic lights on poles or utility poles and above and below ground conduits supplied by PG&E.

Electrical, natural gas, petroleum, telecommunications and potable water supply infrastructure are not under the City’s control, but are owned and managed by other quasigovernmental, private or special district entities.

EBMUD has responsibility for potable and fire suppression water supply system consisting of pipelines, flow/pressure control facilities, and storage tanks and reservoirs owned by the East Bay Municipal Utilities District as well as sanitary sewer transmission pipeline (EBMUD wastewater interceptor) and pumping station.

PG&E has responsibility for the electric distribution system including substations, mains, laterals and meters, owned by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, the natural gas distribution system including main pipelines, lateral pipelines and meters.

AT&T, Comcast, Verizon and other telecommunication companies have responsibility for telecommunication aerial and underground conduits.

Liquefaction is a significant contributor to utility failure after an earthquake. As the entire City lies within a liquefaction hazard zone, there is potential for significant damage to infrastructure lines such as water, natural gas, sewage, storm, electrical and telecommunication systems in the City.

Liquefaction caused by earthquakes may subject pipelines to significant displacement, causing the pipelines to develop leaks or breaks. Buried tanks, pipelines, conduits and manholes may float in the liquefied soil due to their buoyancy.

The following sections on Utilities, Transportation and Communications describe in detail these key infrastructure systems and their vulnerabilities.

Water System – Key Partner: East Bay Municipal Utility District35 The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) provides drinking water to approximately

1.4 million people and sewer services to 740,000 in the East Bay. After an earthquake, EBMUD will be responsible for repairing and reconnecting water and sewer services for its customers, including water for post-earthquake fire suppression.

EBMUD relies on a network of reservoirs to collect local watershed runoff and store imported water.36 It draws its imported water from the Mokelumne Water System and transports it to the Bay Area via aqueducts. If there is an interruption to this imported 35 Information provided by Heidi Benenson, Emergency Preparedness & Business Continuity Administrator at East Bay Municipal Utility District.
36 "Cascading Failures: Earthquake Threats to Transportation and Utilities." Association of Bay Area Governments Resilience Program. Association of Bay Area Governments, Dec. 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/projects/transportation_utilities_2014. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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water source, EBMUD would need to rely on local sources and storage until repairs were made to restore the transmission supply. However, this would only work if the local pipelines remained intact. EBMUD’s aging distribution system makes it particularly vulnerable to damage in an earthquake.

EBMUD has studied the impacts of earthquake shaking, liquefaction, landslides and fault rupture on most of its infrastructure. In a major seismic event, an earthquake induced landslide in either the Oakland or Berkeley Hills could affect water lines reducing water availability for firefighting in Emeryville. If there is an actual fault rupture, water lines within the fault rupture could be broken. Liquefaction may cause the greatest number of pipe failures associated with a significant seismic event. As the entire City of Emeryville lies within liquefaction zones, a large event earthquake could severely impact water service to the City of Emeryville.

After a major seismic event, it could take seven days or more to restore basic services to the majority of customers; however, full service may not be restored for up to six months according to the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS), The Haywired Earthquake Scenario Report – Engineering Implications, Volume II. EBMUD will work with the City to support our disaster recovery efforts, while focusing on infrastructure repairs so water service can be restored as quickly as possible.

If water service to the City is compromised, the City will collaborate with the Alameda County Office of Emergency Services to establish a centrally located water distribution site (Commodity Point of Distribution or C-Pod) to distribute water to the community.

EBMUD will assist with this endeavor by supplying water through their hydrant manifold system.

EBMUD Notable Mitigation Activities
EBMUD has taken aggressive steps to strengthen its water and wastewater systems.

Since the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, EBMUD undertook the development of a Seismic Improvements Program and has invested more than $350 million in seismic improvement projects, including but not limited to pumping plants, water treatment plants, distribution reservoirs and pipeline improvements to provide greater resiliency in case of a major earthquake. In addition, EBMUD has performed a seismic retrofit of its main administration building and retrofits of its major dams, including evaluation of Pardee and Camanche, and upgrades to Chabot and San Pablo earthen embankment dams, and retrofits to the structural outlet works at Briones, Upper San Leandro, and Chabot reservoirs to ensure facilities are resilient and remain in operation after a large earthquake. In 2014, a Tsunami Response Plan was developed for the Main Wastewater Treatment Plant and Dichlorination Facility.

Since 2017, EBMUD has undertaken a comprehensive condition assessment of all their concrete spillways in the East Bay. EBMUD performs monthly inspections of all dams and major facilities and assesses the integrity of key facilities after significant ground shaking. EBMUD has also improved system redundancy with a network of pumping City of Emeryville
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plants, tank reservoirs, pressure regulators, and continues to upgrade distribution facilities with modern materials and design practices.

From 2018-2021, for critical wastewater infrastructure and facilities, in depth seismic assessments were conducted that updated structural and geotechnical evaluations, risk assessments, conceptual retrofit designs and recommendations. High risk wastewater pumping stations, Main Wastewater Treatment Plat structures, and interceptor pipe segments rehabilitation projects are in design, including rehabilitation of the North interceptor in Emeryville with construction planned within the next year.

Electricity and Natural Gas Systems Key Partner: Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E)37
Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) provides electricity and natural gas to 16 million people throughout a 70,000 square-mile service area in in northern and central California. They have a staff of 23,000 employees who carry out PG&E’s primary business of the transmission and delivery of energy.38 Their staff is prepared to respond to restore electrical and natural gas service after disasters and storms. They also have a wellestablished priority system for restoring power to emergency services before other community needs. PG&E recognizes that large earthquakes may damage key facilities, and that electric power might be lost for limited periods of time. The potential for a loss of power means that emergency and critical uses should have dedicated emergency power sources.

The electrical system is vulnerable to many different hazards. In storm events downed trees or high winds can damage overhead lines. In earthquakes, overhead lines are not typically damaged, but electrical substations components can be destroyed by strong shaking, often requiring more extensive and time intensive repairs to return service.

Natural gas is subject to damage and disruption in areas with soil failure, for example landslide and liquefaction. Broken lines can create fires if ignited until the fuel supply is exhausted. The repair of damaged underground lines will take time. Following the Loma Prieta earthquake, it took about 30 days to repair damaged lines in the San Francisco Marina.

The large-scale natural gas transmission lines that service the cities along the East Bay shoreline of Alameda County are primarily located near the Bay shore. The transmission line runs along a single corridor through Albany, Berkeley, and Emeryville before splitting into two parallel lines in Oakland that run through Oakland, San Leandro and Hayward.

Across the entirety of the natural gas line between Albany and Hayward the natural gas transmission line(s) pass through medium-level susceptibility zones with some lines passing through very high liquefaction susceptibly zones in East Oakland and San 37 Information provided by Les Putnam, Senior Public Safety Specialist – Gas, from PG&E. 38 “Company Profile.” Www.pge.com, www.pge.com/en/about/company-information/companyprofile.html. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Leandro. The thousands of miles of natural gas distribution lines are also at risk to damage from liquefaction. Neighborhoods that experience significant liquefaction are not likely to have gas service for a significant amount of time.

PG&E Notable Mitigation Activities39
PG&E has assessed the seismic vulnerability of many elements of its system and has taken steps to improve its functionality after an earthquake, such as replacing bushings on high voltage lines, anchoring substation equipment and replacing old gas lines with more flexible alternatives. In addition, PG&E is installing next-generation technology on its gas transmission lines to be able to more accurately determine the full-length strain profile on affected pipelines from seismic activities.

Since the last plan update, PG&E has also created a 24/7 Gas Control Center that monitors nearly 8,000 points on its system along with automated or remote-controlled shut-off valves.

Additionally, PG&E has a First Responders Safety website, which provides secure access to maps and information on their natural gas transmission lines, natural gas storage facilities, valve and regulator locations and current size and pressure within the pipes as well as access to an electronic version of their Gas Emergency Response Plan.

Communication Systems Key Partners: Comcast, AT&T, Verizon, TPx Communications/Paxio, Inc.

The telecommunications industry delivers telephone, television, Internet, and other services to the local community. They provide the primary means of communication to virtually all businesses, households, and individuals in the City. They are an essential service to the residents, businesses and the economy of the City.

Hundreds of fiber optic cables cross the Hayward Fault. Strong shaking, liquefaction, and fire can affect cellular sites on buildings, monopoles, central offices, and public safety answering points. However, power outages will likely cause more equipment failures then equipment damage.40
Communication infrastructure is spread throughout the City, and thus is exposed to all earthquake ground failure hazards. As has been reported, the entire City lies within the two highest liquefaction zones which makes it very vulnerable to infrastructure damage.

Telecommunications and cable communications systems are both above and below ground in Emeryville. The cellular phone system relies on the integrity of antennas that 39 “PG&E Installing New Technology to Enhance Pipeline Safety during Seismic Activity.” www.pgecurrents.com, www.pgecurrents.com/articles/3815-pg-e-installing-new-technology-enhancepipeline-safety-seismic-activity. Accessed 26 Nov. 2023. 40 USGS, “The HayWired Earthquake Scenario, Societal Consequences,” Fact Sheet 2021-3054, October 2021, https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3054/fs20213054.pdf City of Emeryville
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are mostly located on building tops. Earthquake shaking can topple or break utility poles and cell towers and falling trees or collapsing structures can damage utility lines.

Additionally, Emeryville’s underground utilities include communications conduits.

Underground systems are particularly vulnerable to damage from ground failure in earthquakes. A catastrophic earthquake could rupture these systems, compromising these lifelines unless redundant connections unaffected by the earthquake are available.

Ground movement due to liquefaction could severely impact these systems. Liquefied areas may move laterally, breaking underground cables and damaging communication lines. Underground damage is harder to detect and repair and the length of service losses may be greater than for above-ground systems.

It is anticipated that after a major earthquake in the Bay Area, telephone services, including mobile phone and internet will be down for days to a week or longer. An overload of post-earthquake calls in the region will make phoning difficult. Carriers will block calls coming into the region to relieve circuit overload; however, outbound calls as well as text messaging are likely to be available.

Key Partner: Comcast41
Comcast provides voice (wireline telephone service), video (television), data (high-speed internet, Wi-Fi hotspots, cellular backhaul services), and home security/home automation services to the Emeryville community.

Comcast’s distribution telephony network depends on other communication providers. If supporting providers’ networks are operational, Comcast will maintain connectivity to all its customers. If an individual network should fail, Comcast will lose its connection to the customers using that particular network.

To protect its infrastructure in earthquakes and other disaster, Comcast has hardened its sites. Additionally, all sites are connected via redundant fiber networks to maintain service to greater service areas. Major metro fiber routes are backed up by redundant routes and failover technologies.

After a catastrophic earthquake, comcast will follow specific procedures to restore services to affected areas. They will prioritize critical infrastructure, such as communication hubs and network nodes to restore connectivity. The restoration timeline will vary depending on the severity of the damage and the availability of resources.

Comcast services require commercial power to operate. Internet and video, as well as landline and even mobile phone services for homes and businesses, may stop functioning within hours after commercial power is shut off. Technicians will need to wait for power to be restored before they can determine if repairs to their network are needed. In the 41 City of Berkeley. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. City of Berkeley Fire Department, 1 June 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2017, pgs 3-59 to 3-60. http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Fire/Level_3_- _General/2014%20LHMP.pdf.
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event of a power outage, Comcast may use battery backup to maintain services for up to eight hours. Comcast monitors its power supplies, and in the event of the backup batteries being depleted, generators may be available to maintain service.

Key Partner: AT&T
AT&T provides and maintains telephone service to Emeryville residents, along with internet access, mobile telephone service, and other business services. The telephone wires, conduits, coaxial cables and fiber optic lines have been tested and designed to be highly resistant to earthquake shaking, and easy to reroute should problems occur. AT&T expects some telephone outages, including mobile phone service after a major earthquake and service restoration could take hours to days, depending on the radius.

AT&T Notable Mitigation Activities42
In 2015, AT&T became the first telecom service provider to be certified under the new International Business Continuity Management Standard (IS) 22301:2012) for the Voluntary Private Section Preparedness Program. AT&T has extensive experience in planning for and responding to crises. AT&T developed its network disaster recovery (NDR) capability specifically to allow rapid service recovery following a catastrophic event. The AT&T NDR team has managers, engineers, and technicians who receive special training in physical recovery of AT&T’s network. Members participate in several recovery exercises each year to test, refine, and strengthen AT&T’s business continuity and disaster response services in order to minimize network downtime.

Verizon provides backup for first responders to stay connected during planned events and in an emergency.

AT&T also has a fleet of specially designed semi-tractor trailers that contain the same type of equipment that is normally installed in a permanent AT&T office. The technology trailers can be interconnected to recover capabilities of a network office that has been heavily damaged or destroyed. The equipment is maintained in and deployed from warehouses strategically located in the U.S. and abroad.

AT&T can also establish broadband and wireless voice and data connectivity from disaster sites using one or more Emergency Communication Vehicles (ECV). An ECV uses a satellite link to provide NDR with command communications during the initial phase of the recovery effort. The ECV’s can also be used to provide command and humanitarian relief communications capability to other emergency responders.

AT&T also uses Cells on Wheels (COWs) and Cells On Light Trucks (COLTs) which are self-contained mobile cell sites and can provide extra cellular capacity to restore communications after a disaster. These mobile sites can be used to replace the service

42. AT&T Network Disaster Recovery: Our NDR Program, https://about.att.com/pages/disasterrecovery/network-recovery, 2024 City of Emeryville
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of a failed permanent cell site and/or they can be used to supplement the cellular capacity of an area that has increased demand.

Key Partner: Verizon Wireless43
Verizon Wireless serves its individuals, government, and business customers with voice and/or data services via Verizon’s wireless cellular network. Verizon prepares year-round for natural disasters and other emergencies. Verizon’s year-round preparations include emergency drill exercises, network infrastructure enhancements, and resource staging for rapid response.

Verizon has a foundation of 148 switching facilities nationwide. One of those switching stations is located in Fairfield, California. The Fairfield switch routes calls and data for thousands of Northern California customers from Mendocino to Palo Alto. Verizon has designed and built its network with day-to-day reliability and disaster resilience in mind.

Battery power backs up all of the facilities, and generators stand ready at all switching facilities and many cell site locations to help keep the network running during power outages.

Verizon Wireless also has a fleet of over 550 portable network assets spread across the country for rapid deployment, including generator-powered cell sites, drones, and a fixed -wing aircraft for aerial support. Verizon also has 200 satellite-based portable network assets that can provide crucial connectivity in scenarios where the fiber connections are compromised.

Verizon Frontline Crisis Response Team provides on-demand, emergency assistance to government agencies and first responders to help maintain mission-critical communications during emergency response operations.

Key Partner: TPx Communications/Paxio, Inc.

The City utilizes multiple, redundant ISP for internet connectivity. The TPx and Paxio, Inc. networks are the backbone for the City’s SD-WAN connectivity. Primary City sites have redundant services, while smaller, satellite sites rely on a single provider.

The City’s telephone system runs on Microsoft Teams, hosted on Microsoft’s Government Cloud. CallTower is the City’s provider for Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) dial tone.
43 “Verizon Stands Ready to Respond During Severe Weather Season and Beyond,” https://www.verizon.com/about/news/news-release Updated 2024 April 17 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Aviation Fuel Pipeline – Key partner: Kinder Morgan Corporation44 Two aviation and multi-purpose pipelines run along the railroad tracks from Richmond to the Oakland Airport through Emeryville. The pipes are made of high-pressure welded steel, installed primarily in the 1960s, although a few segments were installed in the 1950s. The company has not conducted a study of the impacts of an earthquake on the Hayward fault. This type of pipeline, however, is known to have performed well, due to its ductile nature, in earthquakes elsewhere in the world. Kinder Morgan has focused on developing procedures to respond immediately after a disaster to shut down the pipeline.

Each pipeline has automatic, remote control and other manual valves along its length and the flow can be shut down within minutes. Kinder-Morgan reported that after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, these pipelines were shut down and monitored for leaks, breaks and changes in pressure. No damage was found.

Transportation Systems Key Partners: Caltrans, BART, Emery Go-Round, AMTRAK/Union Pacific
Roadways are typically divided into two components: roads and bridges. In past earthquakes, both have experienced catastrophic failures. In Loma Prieta, there was a collapse of both the Cypress Street Viaduct in Oakland and the Bay Bridge deck. The entire City of Emeryville is located in the highest two categories for shaking potential as well as within a liquefaction hazard zone as previously shown in Figures 4.1.3.1 (a) and

4.1.3.2 (a). In the event of a catastrophic earthquake, vehicle movement through and in the City could be severely impacted. Transportation on the peninsula (west of Interstate 80) is especially vulnerable to liquefaction and could be severely impacted.

The City controls all local roads, curbs, paths and sidewalks except for San Pablo Avenue (State Route 123) and West MacArthur Boulevard, which are controlled by Caltrans. The City is also responsible for the Powell Street and 40th Street bridges as well as two pedestrian bridges, the Pedestrian Bridge at the AMTRAK Station and the South Bayfront Bridge. The 40th Street Bridge was built in 1992, the Powell Street Bridge was retrofitted in 1993, the Pedestrian Bridge at AMTRAK was built in 1994, and the South Bayfront Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge was opened in December 2021.

Key Transportation Partner – Caltrans45
Interstate 80 sits entirely in a very high liquefaction zone. In the scenario of a 7.1 earthquake on the Hayward Fault, the ground underneath Emeryville’s portions of Interstate 80 is predicted to liquefy. Interstate 80 bisects the City and is a major thoroughfare for not only Emeryville but for the whole Bay Area. If the portion of Interstate 80 that runs through Emeryville should fail, the peninsula could find itself isolated from the rest of the City. The City’s only Police Station is located on the peninsula. 44 Information provided by Nicole Stewart, Prior Area Manager for Brisbane Terminal and Richmond Station.
45 Information provided by Bob Braga, PE, Branch Chief – Maintenance Services; Emergency Management: Planning and Training, Caltrans – District 4.

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Caltrans is responsible for constructing and maintaining the statewide highway system which includes Interstate 80 and State Route 123 (San Pablo Avenue). The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused significant damage to Caltrans structures, such as bridges, overpasses and on-ramps.

Caltrans Notable Mitigation Activities
After Loma Prieta, Caltrans launched a comprehensive review of earthquake safety on highways throughout the State. A program to retrofit all vulnerable structures was started and the overpass structure over Powell Street was widened and subsequently retrofitted to the “non-collapse” criteria as of 1998. Caltrans seismic design of structures involves utilizing site specific geological conditions and selecting a ‘maximum credible quake’ expected to impact the structure.

Caltrans has done some rough modeling on structure response (damage) in the San Francisco Bay Area according to a few likely quake scenarios. The Powell Street structure indicated 'low to moderate’ damage expected at worst, which most likely would result in imposing ‘load restrictions’ on the structure until damages are repaired but was not expected to be in danger of a collapse.

After a significant quake, the City can contact Caltrans directly for a priority inspection of the Powell Street structure for purpose of ‘life and safety’ operations and to promptly resolve securing access across Interstate 80 if the passing under the overpass is prohibited.

Key Transportation Partner – Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)46 Although BART does not run through the City directly, it provides an important transportation link to the City of Emeryville. BART is one of the San Francisco Bay Area’s most vital transportation links throughout the East Bay and between the East Bay and San Francisco. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic BART carried about 400,000 riders every weekday; however, ridership fell dramatically during the pandemic.

BART Notable Mitigation Activities
In 2002 BART completed a study of the earthquake vulnerability of the entire system, analyzing multiple earthquakes, predicting damage, and assessing cost-effectiveness of retrofits. This study was the most comprehensive evaluation of BART facilities since the original construction of the system. It involved one and one-half years of engineering and statistical analyses. The study also incorporated information from the 1994 Northridge, California and 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquakes.
46 City of Berkeley. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. City of Berkeley Fire Department, 1 June 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. Pages 3-55 – 3-56. http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Fire/Level_3_- _General/2014%20LHMP.pdf.
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The results of the Seismic Vulnerability Study indicated that if the BART system was not strengthened, it would take years to restore service after a major earthquake. The study found that portions of the system most susceptible to earthquake damage included the Transbay Tube, various aerial structures, stations and equipment.

The study recommended that priority be given to the Transbay Tube, where soil backfill is prone to liquefaction. Though the consequences of liquefaction on the Tube are uncertain, a worst-case scenario could cause excessive movement of the seismic joints and structural stress that could result in significant damage.

BART worked with earthquake retrofit specialists to develop a retrofit design, which centered around the installation of an inner steel liner and new water pumping system.

The installation of the inner liner began in 2017 with a second phase, beginning in 2019.

The retrofit will install a curved inner steel lining to key sections of the 3.6-mile log tube.

It will also install an upgraded pumping system to allow larger quantities of water to be removed quickly from the tube.47
Through its Earthquake Safety Program, BART is working to prepare the entire BART system to better withstand future earthquakes. Upgrades to the system were funded by $980 million in General Obligation Bonds, authorized by voters in Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco counties, supplemented with an additional $240 million from other sources. BART anticipates the completion of all earthquake upgrades by 2022.

BART’s investment in earthquake retrofit is strengthened by its earthquake early warning system. BART was an early adopter of the ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning system which has been place since 2012. When an earthquake larger than magnitude 4 or 5 is experienced within the BART system, the server will automatically signal trains to reduce speeds. The length of advance warning depends on how far away the earthquake originates.

BART has an Earthquake Emergency Response Plan and holds several drills a year to ensure staff are trained and ready to respond. Following an earthquake, BART trains are held in place (except for trains in the Transbay Tube and BART Caldecott Tunnel) until it is determined that it is safe to move the train to the nearest station for offboarding.48 Key Transportation Partner – Emery Go-Round
The Emery Go-Round is a fare-free shuttle service, open to all Emeryville residents, shoppers, visitors and employees of Emeryville businesses. Emery-Go-Round is a service of the Emeryville Transportation Management Association, a non-profit organization whose primary objective is to increase access and mobility to, from and within Emeryville while alleviating congestion through operation of the shuttle program.

The Emery-Go-Round connects key job and activity centers in the City with BART and 47 Transbay Tube Retrofit | Bay Area Rapid Transit (bart.gov) 48 BART and USGS Extend ShakeAlert Agreement, 2020 December 30 https://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2020/news20201230
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AC Transit transportation hubs. The shuttle service carries passengers on seven shuttle routes. Since BART does not have a station in Emeryville, the Emery-Go-Round provides essential connectivity to points within and outside Emeryville. If roads are impassible, the Emery Go-Round shuttle could be affected.

Key Transportation Partner – AMTRAK/Union Pacific49
Rail service in Emeryville is provided along the Union Pacific (UP) right-of-way. The rail corridor in Emeryville, which is approximately one mile in length, is located on the west edge of the City between Shellmound Street and Hollis Street. It is an important link in the region’s freight and passenger rail network. Local and regional freight and passenger traffic traveling from the Bay Area to Sacramento, the Central Valley, and all along the West Coast from Seattle to Los Angeles and across the nation to Chicago, all rely on use of this corridor to move goods and people.

The UP right-of-way contains two main tracks through Emeryville along with parallel support trackage on each side. The parallel support trackage is considered part of the West Oakland Railroad Yard also known as Desert Yard. As such, on any given day one can find a long line of rail cars including tanker cars parked on the track in Emeryville.

Approximately 30 freight trains pass through Emeryville every day. There are no rail shippers within the City, and so all freight traffic is through traffic. Trains in the northbound direction are primarily headed for UP’s major Northern classification yard in Roseville or for transcontinental destinations such as Chicago, Kansas City or St. Louis. Southbound, most trains are headed to the Port of Oakland or UP’s Oakland classification yards.

Trains are also bound for shippers along the East Bay rail routes to San Jose and to Southern California. Freight trains include various sorts of traffic, from containers and trailers on flatcars or double-stack intermodal cars, to set up automobiles and general carload traffic, such as boxcars, gondolas, tank cars and lumber carriers.

Amtrak has rights under federal law to operate intercity and long-distance passenger rail service on the UP tracks through Emeryville. Long distance operations occur once a day in each direction on both the California Zephyr (Emeryville to Chicago) and the Coast Starlight (Seattle to Los Angeles). Regional Service is provided daily on the Capitol Corridor (Sacramento – San Jose) and San Joaquin (Bakersfield – Oakland) services.

All these passenger services stop at the Emeryville Amtrak Station which is located south of 65th Street and North of the Powell Street overcrossing. Approximately, 44 passenger trains run through Emeryville daily, about four to five trains per hour in both the AM and PM peak hours.
49 Wilbur Smith Associates, and Adavant Consulting. Emeryville Railroad Quiet Zone Study Draft Report.

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Of the 76 California stations served by Amtrak, Emeryville was the fourth busiest station in fiscal year 2023, boarding or detraining 471,695 passengers for an average of approximately 1,292 passengers daily.50
All trackage is located in the two highest zones for shaking and liquefaction potential. A train passing through the City during a large earthquake could potentially derail.

Sanitary Sewer System
The City of Emeryville’s sanitary sewer system is 15 miles. The collection system serves the entire City. In addition, approximately 11 miles of sanitary sewer mains from 370 acres of primarily residential property in the City of Oakland and .25 acres of residential property in the City of Berkeley drain into Emeryville’s sanitary sewer system.

The City is responsible for the sanitary sewer collection system. This system links to EBMUD’s wastewater interceptor line, which runs under Shellmound Street, to their wastewater treatment facility located near the eastern side of the Bay Bridge. All of the City’s sanitary sewer system is located in the two highest liquefaction zones. Liquefied areas may move laterally causing breaks in the City’s underground sanitary sewer pipelines. Depending on the severity of earth movement, water and sewer lines could break, and the safety of the drinking water could also be compromised. Liquefied areas could also compromise EBMUD’s wastewater interceptor line. Damage to either system would interrupt the systems’ ability to convey sewage.

The City’s sanitary sewer system relies on water to function. If EBMUD’s water system is compromised, the sewer sanitary collection system will be useless. The City’s sanitary sewer pump is located on the peninsula. Without power, it could fail, leading to major sewage overflows. The City is currently in the midst of installing a permanent backup generator for the lift station that should be operational by winter of 2025.

Storm Drains
Liquefaction could also cause significant damage to the City’s storm drainage system. If the next earthquake occurs during or shortly before a rainstorm, the City could experience significant flooding in areas that have not seen floodwaters previously.

CLIMATE CHANGE51
PROBABILITY – HIGH SEVERITY – HIGH
Climate change is the greatest environmental challenge of the 21st century. It poses a serious and significant issue for the entire City. Scientists expect that with the current 50 Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2023, State of California. Amtrak, March 2024, Amtrak FY23 Fact Sheet - State of California
51 Emeryville Climate Hazard Analysis. Four Twenty Seven Climate Solutions. August 2016.

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trends in fossil fuel use, Californians may see more intense heat waves, droughts, rainstorms, floods, wildfires and landslides in the future. These impacts affect our natural environment, our built infrastructure, and the health and safety of the people in our community, especially people of color and the poor.52
The City of Emeryville has been an active environmental player in the last decade. In 2008, Emeryville was among the first wave of US Cities to adopt a climate action plan (CAP) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

The Emeryville Climate Action Plan 2.0 updated and adopted in 2016, set a path for reaching Emeryville’s 2030 and 2060 goals, creating a vision for a carbon-neutral City, and preparing the City for the impacts of climate change.

The City has made progress towards these goals with the installation of solar panels on several city facilities, street lighting upgrades, increased support for clean transportation including bike/ped infrastructure and public shared mobility, adoption of an eco-foodware ordinance, and city-wide multi-stream recycling and compost collection along with other waste management requirements.

The City’s fleet is rapidly converting to electric vehicles where the technology is available.

Currently the City has the following electric vehicles
 Five (5) F150 Lighting EV vehicles with 4 more on order but not yet received  Two (2) GO-4 EV Model Parking Enforcement Vehicles
 Four (4) Police Administration Mach EV Vehicles
 Two (2) EV Vans in the Community Services Department;  Two (2) Hybrid Patrol Vehicles
 One (1) EV Chevy Bolt – City Hall Pool Vehicle
In addition, a city-wide urban greening program to add street trees is underway.

This section identifies three main impacts of Climate Change on the City of Emeryville – Drought, Sea Level Rise and Extreme Weather.

DROUGHT
PROBABILITY – HIGH SEVERITY – HIGH
52 Morello-Frosch, R., M. Pastor, S. Shonkoff, and J. Sadd. "The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap PERE USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences." The Climate Gap: Inequalities in How Climate Change Hurts Americans & How to Close the Gap PERE USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. May 2009. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://dornsife.usc.edu/pere/climategap. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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California and the Bay Area are no stranger to drought conditions. While California has experienced prolonged droughts in the past, notably 1973, 1975-77, 1987-1992, and 2007-2009, the most recent drought period from 2012 – 2017 was one of the most severe and costliest droughts of record in California.

In 2014, the Governor declared a State of Emergency in California in response to the State’s drought conditions which had begun 2012. A wet winter in 2016/17 helped ease enough of the drought conditions to have the Governor declare the end of the drought in April 2017. Another State of Emergency was declared by the Governor in 2021 but was rescinded in 2023. Currently the northern parts of the State and a small pocket in the lowest Southern region of the State are abnormally dry with one county in the very northern part of the State moderately dry.

Figure 4.3.1(a). California Drought Monitor as July 16, 2024 Drought conditions are likely to become more frequent and persistent over the 21st century due to climate change.53 With this scenario, California faces an uncertain water future as climate change will likely increase the number and severity of future droughts.

The cumulative impact of climate change will result in drier conditions and could alter the timing and efficiency of the Bay Area water supply. An increase in temperature and a reduction in snowpack are the two most direct effects of climate change that will result in a drier state with fewer natural water resources than historically have been available.54 53 2009 California Climate Statewide Adaptation Strategy. California Natural Resources Agency, 2009. 54 Bay Area Landscape Draft. Association of Bay Area Governments. 2015.

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Drought can increase wildfire hazard, reduce water supply for crops and livestock, and can cause subsidence due to a lowering water table. Past experiences with California droughts indicate that drought impacts are felt first by those most dependent on or affected by annual rainfall or snowpack, including firefighting agencies, ranchers engaged in dryland grazing, farmers growing crops in arid zones, rural residents relying on wells in low-yield rock formations, or small water systems lacking a reliable water source. More recently, increased tree mortality, exacerbated by drought, has resulted in millions of dead trees around the State causing hazards to people, property, and infrastructure and creating a greater risk of wildland fires.55

Between 2002 and 2021 droughts affected more than 1.4 billion people. As of 2022, roughly half the world’s population experienced water scarcity for at least part of the year, while one quarter faced “extremely high” levels of water stress. Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts worldwide56 Hard hit regions include Southern and Central Asia, and North Africa, where the situation is considered critical. Even countries with highly developed infrastructure, like the United States, are seeing water levels drop to record lows.

The Island of Oahu, Hawaii is facing a triple threat to their sole freshwater source. Less rain, leading to significant droughts, and repeated jet fuel leaks and PFAS chemical spills contaminating their water systems have significantly limited available water use for locals, and tourism may be making the situation worse.

Currently, the entire island of Oahu is considered "abnormally dry," according to the U.S.

Drought Monitor. The drinking water supply is almost entirely from groundwater, which means shifting weather patterns can pose a major problem and Hawaii has been getting drier and drier, particularly since the 1980’s with the consecutive dry days becoming longer and longer.57
Mexico City is another example of what the future could possibly bring to the entire City of Emeryville, the Bay Area and the State of California. Mexico City is also on the brink of a profound water crisis.

Years of abnormally low rainfall, longer dry periods and high temperatures have added stress to an already straining water system that serves 22 million residents. Many neighborhoods only have running water part of the day, and some experts believe that the situation in Mexico City has reached such critical levels that the City could only be months away from taps running dry for huge swaths of the City.58 55 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan|September 2018, Section 9.1 – Page 596 56 Water crises threaten world peace (report), 22 March 2024, Water crises threaten world peace (report) | UNESCO
57 Hawaii is “on the Verge of a Greater Catastrophe,” Locals Say as Water Crisis Continues” CBS News, by Li Cohen 11 April 2024, Hawaii is "on the verge of a greater catastrophe," locals say, as water crisis continues - CBS News
58 “One of the World’s Biggest Cities May Be Just Months Away from Running Out of Water,” Laura Paddison, 25 Feb 2024, https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/25/climate/Mexico-city-water-crisis-intl/index.html 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Before reaching a crisis level, a prolonged drought in Emeryville could have economic, environmental and social impacts for the City. Water companies may have to spend more money on new or additional water supplies resulting in increased costs for the consumer.

Lower levels of water could cause more wildfires and loss of wetlands. There could be a threat to public safety in the form of health problems related to dust, lower water flows and poor water quality. Other possible impacts include recreational risks, effects on air quality, diminished living conditions related to energy, air quality and hygiene, compromised food and nutrition, and increased incidence of illness and disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). 59
There also could be damage to landscaping and city trees as well as an increased fire hazard. At a crisis level, the City along with all the Bay Area would be severely impacted.

This could result in water rationing. Water rationing would affect everyone in Emeryville - residents, businesses, the old and young and everyone in between.

SEA LEVEL RISE60
PROBABILITY – HIGH SEVERITY – HIGH
Sea level rise will increase the likelihood and intensity of flooding in Emeryville, including more frequent storm surges, coastal flooding during high tides, rising groundwater and rapidly increasing shoreline erosion and as sea levels continue to rise the City will need to adapt the shoreline to create greater social, economic, and ecological resilience. 61 As identified in the City of Emeryville Climate Action Plan 2.0 2016, the 2012 National Research Council (NRC) Report Sea Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon and Washington: Past, Present and Future, identified likely sea level rise estimates throughout the 21st century for the west coast of the United States based on moderate greenhouse gas emissions and continued acceleration of glacial melt patterns.

The projections applicable to Alameda County are six inches of sea level rise by 2030 (range: 2 – 12 in), 11 inches by 2050 (range: 5-24 in), and 36 inches by 2100 (range 17- 66 in) relative to the year 2000.62 The assets most at risk from sea level rise in Emeryville include those structures and roads located on the marina and shoreline, along with those 59 City of Oakland Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2021 – 2026, by Tetra Tech, page 8-9 to 8-10 60 City of Emeryville. Climate Action Plan 2.0 2016. 2016. Web 17 Mar. 2017. Pages 46 – 47. http://www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/9327. 61 SFEI Aquatic Science Center. Shallow Groundwater Response to Sea Level Rise https://www.sfei.org/projects/shallow-groundwater-response-sea-level-rise 62 National Research Council; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Earth Sciences and Resources; Ocean Studies Board; Committee on Sea Level Rise in California, Oregon, and Washington. "Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future." The National Academies Press. 22 June 2012. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13389/sealevel-rise-for-the-coasts-of-california-oregon-and-washington.

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areas neighboring the railroad to the southwest.63 These assets include the police and fire Stations, several restaurants, high-rise office buildings, a hotel, and residential condominiums on the peninsula; the railway flooding would extend into Southern Emeryville and impact a few blocks of the area to the east of the railway, as well as a section of the Bay Street shopping center to the west.

Maps of Projected Sea Level Rise64

4.3.2.a (i). Projected 1 Ft of Sea Level Rise

63 Emeryville Climate Hazard Analysis. Four Twenty Seven Climate Solutions. August 2016. 64 Adapting to Rising Tides. June 2017. https://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/maps-and-data/ 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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4.3.2.a (ii). Projected 3 Ft of Sea Level Rise
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4.3.2.a (iii). Projected 5.5 Ft of Sea Level Rise
At this time, there is no documented measurable sea level rise along the Emeryville Marina. However, shoreline areas are suffering from erosion and eroded riprap sections which include the Emeryville crescent, the Powell Street peninsula’s northerly shoreline, and the City’s western shoreline extending to Point Emery, next to the West Frontage Road.
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4.3.2.c Photo of Shoreline Erosion taken by Louise Engel in 2024 Pictures of Emeryville Shoreline Erosion
Impacts on Shallow Groundwater
As sea levels rise, the saltier groundwater that is connected to the Bay migrates landward. This pushes the inland groundwater table upwards toward the ground surface. The higher groundwater table causes groundwater to infiltrate into the storm drain system, reducing its flood conveyance capacity and placing the area at greater risk of flooding during a rainfall event. Further sea level rise can push the groundwater table above the ground surface.

4.3.2.b Photo of Shoreline Erosion taken by Louise Engel in 2024 City of Emeryville
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EXTREME WEATHER
PROBABILITY – HIGH SEVERITY – HIGH
There have been changes in some types of extreme weather events in the United States over the last several decades, including more intense and frequent heat waves, less frequent and intense cold waves, and regional changes in floods, droughts and wildfires.65 As greenhouse gas emissions increase, temperatures are expected to increase globally, placing growing stress on human health, water resources, energy systems and other critical assets.66
Extreme Heat
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines extreme heat events as “periods of summertime weather that are substantially hotter and/or more humid than typical for a given location at that time of year.” 67 From 1970 to 2000, Emeryville experienced a daily average temperature of about 59° F, an average maximum temperature of 66.5°F and an average minimum temperature of 51.5°F. According to Climate Change models, temperatures in the Bay Area are tending toward warmer average temperatures, which translates to more extreme temperatures. In the Bay Area temperatures are expected to increase between three degrees (in a low emission scenario) and six degrees Fahrenheit (in a high emission scenario).68 Each year, approximately 20 people die in the State of California from heat-related emergencies. In the summer of 2006, a severe heatwave resulted in 655 deaths and over 16,000 emergency room visits throughout the State over a 13-day period.69 On September 1, 2017, San Francisco broke its all-time heat record with a temperature of 106° F. Temperatures topped out in the Oakland/Emeryville area at 101° F.

In early September 2022, a record setting heat wave occurred in California and even broke records in the Bay Area. Fairfield and Livermore both recorded 116º, Santa Rosa 115º, Napa 115 º and Redwood City 110º. The Oakland/Emeryville area experienced 65 Melillo, Jerry M., Terese C. Richmond, and Gary W. Yohe. "Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment." GlobalChange.gov. US Global Change Research Program, 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/climate-changeimpacts-united-states-third-national-climate-assessment-0. 66 Emeryville Climate Hazard Analysis. Four Twenty Seven Climate Solutions. August 2016. Page 10. 67 US Environmental Protection Agency. Excessive Heat Events Guidebook. 2006. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/excessive-heat-events-guidebook. 68 California Energy Commission. Climate Change Scenarios and Sea Level Rise Estimates for the California 2008 Climate Change Scenarios Assessment. By Dan Cayan, Mary Tyree, Mike Dettinger, Hugo Hidalgo, Tapash Das, Ed Maurer, Peter Bromirski, Nicholas Graham, and Reinhard Flick. California Climate Change Center, 2009. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. http://www.energy.ca.gov/2009publications/CEC-500- 2009-014/CEC-500-2009-014-D.PDF.
69 Be Prepared for Hot Weather in California and Beat the Heat. Web. 2019 State of California. https://www.caloes.ca.gov/ICESite/pages/summer-heat-resources.aspx 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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several days of over 90º topping out at 102º on September 6th. According to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, September 2022 was the second warmest September over the past 130 years. July 2024 was a brutally hot month and the hottest month on record for Alameda County in the past 130 years.70 Historically, Emeryville averages less than one day per year exceeding 90°F; however, this number could climb exponentially after mid-century. According to the City’s Climate Action Plan 2.0 2016, by century’s end the number of days per year above the 90°F could be up to 32 days a year if no changes are made in greenhouse gas emissions.

As most homes in Emeryville and other communities by the Bay do not have air conditioning, this increase in the number of extreme heat days would impact a larger number of households in the area, especially as the population ages. Although extreme heat will affect the entire Emeryville community, those most impacted in the City would be the very young, the elderly and the homeless. Heat-related illnesses can range from heat cramps to heat exhaustion to a life-threatening heat stroke. In the event of a heat wave, the City will need to prepare to open additional cooling centers to accommodate more individuals.

Freeze
Freezing temperatures in Emeryville are rare, and the number of very cold days is expected to decrease as temperatures increase. Under both high and low emissions scenarios, Emeryville is unlikely to experience a freeze throughout the entire century.

Atmospheric Rivers
Atmospheric rivers are narrow corridors of concentrated water vapor in the atmosphere that can produce intense rainfall or snowfall. As global temperatures rise, the City of Emeryville can expect more intense atmospheric rivers, leading to an increase in heavy precipitation events. These heavy downpours can cause flooding, mudslides and avalanches in California.

California experienced a historic run of nine consecutive atmospheric rivers in the span of three weeks in December 2022 and January 2023.71 Another bomb cyclone struck parts of California in March 2023. This storm brought damaging wind, downed trees and power outages affecting the Bay Area and other regions. These storms caused severe 70Porter, G., “July Scorches State as Counties Set Records,” San Francisco Chronicle, page A5, 11 Aug 2024
71 Cao, Qian & The Conversation US, (2024 Feb 4), What are Atmospheric Rivers, and How are They Changing?, Scientific American https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-are-atmospheric-riversand-how-are-they-changing/ City of Emeryville
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flooding, record snowfall, and copious rainfall across California and caused $4.6 billion in damages.72

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
PROBABILITY – LOW SEVERITY – HIGH
Hazardous materials consist of substances that by their nature, lack of containment, and reactivity, have the capability of inflicting harm. Hazardous materials pose a threat to the public’s health as well as to the environment when improperly managed and can be toxic, corrosive, flammable, explosive, reactive, an irritant or a strong sensitizer. Hazardous material substances also include certain infectious agents, radiological materials, oxidizers, oil, used oil, petroleum products, and industrial solid waste substances.

Hazardous materials can pose a threat where they are manufactured, stored, transported or used. They are used in almost every manufacturing operation and by retailers, service industries and homeowners. The City historically had a high concentration of industrial and manufacturing facilities. However, most of these facilities and industries ceased operations in the 1970’s. This left the City with a lot of contaminated land that could not be redeveloped without remediation. In 1995, the US EPA initiated a program to help states, communities and others to redevelop abandoned contaminated land. The City was able to take advantage of this program and as of 2008, more than 40 sites totaling 240 acres had been targeted for cleanup and have been or are identified for redevelopment. These properties have been largely converted or will be converted to other uses, such as office, commercial retail, and residential.73 A hazardous materials release in the City of Emeryville could occur by a ruptured gas or petroleum pipeline, illegal dumping into the sewer or storm-drain system or into Temescal Creek, legal transportation of chemicals by railroad (train derailment), commercial truck carrier (accident on a City street or on Interstate 80/580), a spill from a commercial or recreation vehicle in the Bay, or the handling of chemicals at a licensed facility.

PIPELINES
As previously noted, there are two aviation and multi-purpose pipelines that run through Emeryville, along the railroad tracks from Richmond to the Oakland Airport. These pipes are made of high-pressure welded steel, installed primarily in the 1960s, although a few 72 2024 June 26, Office for Coastal Management. Hurricane Costs. 2023: Nationwide Weather Events. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/hurricanecosts.html#:~:text=West%20Coast%3A%20Late%202022%20through,Total%20costs%3A%20%244.6%2 0billion.https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/huricae-costs.html 73 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. City of Emeryville Planning Division. October 2009. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. Pages 6 – 15. http://emeryville.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1016. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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segments were installed in the 1950s. Each pipeline has automatic, remote control and other manual valves along its length and the flow can be shut down within minutes.

The City has a natural gas transmission line, similar to the gas transmission line that exploded in San Bruno in 2010, that runs through the City underneath the railroad tracks alongside the jet fuel line. As a consequence of the San Bruno rupture, PG&E transformed their gas operations to prevent a similar incident from happening again.

TRANSPORTATION – RAIL, ROADS AND VESSELS
Approximately 30 freight trains pass through Emeryville every day. At this moment in time, no oil or coal is carried through the City, but other hazardous materials are transported on a daily basis. Over the past 2 decades, many multi-family housing units have been built on either side of the railroad tracks. The following multi-unit housing developments are located next to or within a block of the railroad tracks:
 45th Street Artist Cooperative (Founded in 1973; 3 buildings, 60 studios)  Bridgewater Condominiums (Built in 1988; 3 stories, 424 Units)  Artistry Apartments (Built in 1989; 5 stories, 261 units)  Emeryville Warehouse Lofts (Built in 1999; 5 stories, 141 units)  The Terraces at Emery Station (Built in 2003; 5 stories, 101 units)  Courtyard Apartments (Built in 2004; 4 stories, 331 units)  Bay Street (Built in 2007; 4 stories; 284 units)
 Blue Star Corner Townhomes (Built in 2007; 20 three level townhouse units)  Emme Apartments (Built in 2014; 4 stories, 190 units)  Avalon Apartments (Buit in 2021; 6 stories; 289 units)  Bayview Emeryville Apartments (Built in 2023; 7 stories; 186 units)  The Emery Apartments (built in 2023; 5 to 7 stories; 500 units) In addition, IKEA, Bay Street Shopping Center, Hyatt House Hotel, Hyatt Place Hotel, Grifols pharmaceutical laboratories, Novartis pharmaceutical laboratories, the EmeryStation Office and Laboratory complex and the Public Market are also located in close proximity to the railroad tracks.

On April 19, 2020, six train cars derailed in Emeryville. Thankfully, three of the cars were refrigerated box cars and the other three were empty tanker cars so there was no threat to the community.

On July 29, 2020, in the State of Arizona a freight train carrying hazardous materials derailed and caught fire on a bridge, causing the south side of the bridge to collapse.

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On October 18, 2021, a freight train derailed near the Port of Oakland toppling four cars carrying sulfuric acid. Fortunately, the dangerous chemicals did not leak onto the tracks.

However, the community of East Palestine, Ohio was not as lucky. On February 3, 2023, 50 cars of a freight train carrying hazardous materials derailed near the village of East Palestine, Ohio, sending toxic chemicals into the air, soil and creeks in the area. Eleven of the derailed cars were transporting hazardous materials, five of which contained vinyl chloride, a highly volatile colorless gas produced for commercial uses. Several other cars were carrying ethyl acrylate and isobutylene, which are considered to be very toxic and possibly carcinogenic, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes for Health.74
Residents were forced to evacuate their homes due to the risk of toxic exposure. In the immediate aftermath, emergency responders warned local residents to stay indoors and avoid exposure to the toxic fumes. On February 6, three days after the accident, the railroad company began a “controlled release” of chemicals that were in five of the cars, warning people in certain areas to evacuate to avoid serious injury, illness or death.75 A train derailment anywhere along the City’s one mile of train track could pose a significant risk to Temescal Creek, to those living and or working in close proximity to the tracks (approximately 2,526 units) as well as to the community as a whole.

Hazardous materials transported through Emeryville by truck can also pose a significant public safety hazard. Interstate 80 is located at the foot of the Bay Bridge and the MacArthur Maze which makes it vulnerable to both rail and truck accidents involving hazardous materials. It is one of the most heavily traveled roads in the Bay Area. The risk of a transportation related accident is mitigated by the many federal and state safety precautions and regulations, and by the fact that accidents on freeways are likely to be detected and reported quickly.76 In the event of a spill, or other accidental release on Interstate 80/580, the Alameda County Fire Department and/or Oakland Fire Department would be the first responders, while Caltrans would assume responsibility for the subsequent cleanup.

Hazardous materials incidents from spills from commercial or recreational vessels in the Bay have impacted the San Francisco Bay Area from time to time. On November 7, 2007, the container ship Cosco Busan struck the Delta Tower of the San Francisco Bay Bridge during a thick fog. Over 53,569 gallons of heavy fuel oil spilled into the San Francisco 74 Deliso, M. (2024, June 25). East Palestine Derailment: Timeline of Key Events in Toxic Train Derailment. ABC News. Retrieved July 29, 2024, from https://abcnews.go.com/US/east-palestinederailment-timeline-key-events-toxic-train/story?id=97522161 https://abcnews.go.com/US/eastpalestine-derailment-timeline-key-events-toxic-train/story?id=97522161 75 Lucas, J. (2023 April 4), Impacts of the East Palestine Train Derailment Mapped, UrbanFootPrint, Retrieved July 29, 2024, from Impacts of the East Palestine Train Derailment Mapped | UrbanFootprint 76 City of Oakland. 2016-2021 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. 7 June. 2016. Web. 17 Mar. 2017. Page 96. http://www2.oaklandnet.com/oakca1/groups/ceda/documents/report/oak058455.pdf. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Bay affecting birds, marine mammals, fish and humans. Several months later in January 2008, oil from this spill turned up on the Emeryville peninsula shoreline.

BIOTECH
Several large office complexes with state-of-the-art laboratories have been built in the City over the past 27 years. The Berkeley-Emeryville Bio Cluster has one of the largest concentrations of biotech firms in the state. Some 100 firms occupy more than 1.45 million square feet of commercial bio-lab space between the two cities. As of 2024, there are 30 biotech facilities operating in the City, some of which use hazardous materials in their work. An accident in these types of biotech facilities could have an impact on the surrounding housing and other businesses.

DEVELOPMENT DUST / HAZARDOUS WASTE
The City of Emeryville has been under constant development since the 1970s when the City’s make-up began to change. As older industries began to move out of the City or close up shop altogether, new development took their place, with construction still continuing in the City to this day. Even though construction projects are typically shortterm or temporary in duration, project generated emissions could impact the air quality and/or global climate change.

The U.S. EPA, the California Air Resource Board and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District all have guidelines and regulations to control development dust at construction sites. In addition, the City also has conditions of approval regarding construction dust and waste that all development projects must adhere to when working on a development project.

INFRASTRUCTURE / UTILITY FAILURE
PROBABILITY – HIGH SEVERITY – HIGH
Disruptions to communications, water, and transportation networks can cause emergencies to cascade into disasters. In day-to-day operations, the City is heavily reliant on local, regional, state and interstate utility and transportation systems. For the City to remain functional, it must be connected to operating water, power and sewer systems. Nearly all water, wastewater and communication utilities rely on electricity to function.

ENERGY SHORTAGE
Although California has one of the lowest rates of per capita energy consumption in the country (mainly because of our mild climates and energy efficiency initiatives), we still City of Emeryville
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have the second highest total energy demand in the country due to our large population.

As such, California imports more electricity than any other state.

Over half of electricity consumption in California is fueled by natural gas, 14% comes from hydroelectric power, 11% comes from renewable resources and a small percentage is generated using nuclear power.77 A malfunction in any one of these systems, i.e. a failure of a transmission line of natural gas or a drought that decreases the amount of electricity available from a hydroelectric plant could result in an energy shortage.

The State has periodically experienced energy shortages that resulted in a disruption of services and/or rolling blackouts. For example, in 2000 and 2001, the state suffered a series of rolling blackouts as a result of several factors, including deregulation of electric utilities and a drought in the Pacific Northwest. In 2005, approximately 500,000 customers were left without power when a transmission line failed. In September 2011, a minor short circuit during a repair of a substation in Arizona left 1.4 million people in the San Diego area without power.

In 2016, Southern California residents were being asked to conserve electricity because without conservation, power plants could run out natural gas fuel and trigger rolling blackouts. In August 2020, hundreds of thousands in California lost power in rolling blackouts amid a heat wave, the first-time outages were ordered in the State due to insufficient energy supplies in nearly 20 years.

The City still remains susceptible to energy supply disruptions that can occur as rolling blackouts where customers temporarily lose power, as well as brownouts where the voltage level falls below the normal minimum level specified for the system. However, the threat of such disruptions has lessened since the State of California implemented emergency technology and energy conservation programs and adopted measures to mitigate energy market manipulation and reduce distribution bottlenecks. However, as the City relies on energy as a critical infrastructure for its day-to-day business activities, any unplanned or rolling blackout could have a significant impact on the City’s operations and its level of productivity.

PUBLIC SAFETY POWER SHUTOFFS
Over the last decade, the State of California has experienced increased, intense, and record-breaking wildfires. These wildfires have resulted in a devastating loss of life and billions of dollars in property and infrastructure damage. Since 2017, utility lines and/or equipment have been blamed for more than 30 wildfires that destroyed more than 23,000 homes and businesses and killed more than 100 people.
77 Smilinich, S., Dias, S , (3 April 2024), Case Study: California Blackouts, National Geographic Education, Retrieved July 27, 2024, from Case Study: California Blackouts (nationalgeographic.org) 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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The most destructive was the Camp Fire in 2018. The Camp Fire caused 85 civilian fatalities and injured 12 civilians and five firefighters. It destroyed more than 18,000 structures and most of the town of Paradise.

As a result, in 2019 PG&E instituted their Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) Program where they will preemptively turn off customers’ power in areas with heightened fire risk when weather forecasts indicate gusty winds and dry conditions.78

TERRORISM (UTILITY / INFRASTRUCTURE)
In 2013, someone with knowledge of how a major electrical substation works, snuck into a sensitive area of a Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) substation near San Jose in the middle of the night, cut fiber cables to knock out 911 and cell phone service, and then took more than 100 shots from a high-powered rifle which caused the transformers to overheat and shut down, knocking out the substation. This “attack” caused $15 million in damage.

Although it was later determined that this was not a “terrorist” attack according to the FBI, it did raise awareness of the grid’s vulnerability to physical attack. After this shooting attack, PG&E enhanced its security measures at multiple substations in the Bay Area.

PG&E Substations D & L serve Emeryville and are located in Oakland in the Temescal and West Oakland neighborhoods respectively.

FLOODS
PROBABILITY – LOW SEVERITY – MEDIUM / HIGH
Emeryville lies in the Central Basin within the San Francisco Bay hydrologic area.

Although the topography of the City is generally flat, its elevations range from 0 to 60 feet above mean sea level and slopes down slightly to San Francisco Bay, which is a major receiving body. The other surface water feature in the City is Temescal Creek which flows west from the East Bay Hills into San Francisco Bay.

The City lies in the San Francisco Bay watershed. San Francisco Bay is the most prominent surface water body that receives surface water runoff from the City and groundwater discharge from the East Bay Plain. The southern portion of the Bay Shoreline in the City includes a salt marsh.

Temescal Creek, a main drainage outfall within the City is a channelized creek draining Lake Temescal (located in Oakland). It flows through the City, passes under Interstate 80, and discharges into San Francisco Bay in the Emeryville Crescent. The creek runs 78 Flores, J., (2021 October 10), San Francisco Chronicle, PG&E Public Safety Shutoffs: What You Need to Know, (accessed July 31 2024), PG&E public safety power shut-offs: What you need to know (sfchronicle.com)
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underground through most of the City. The creek flows are regulated by the Lake Temescal Reservoir.

The latest Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) map of Emeryville’s flood risk potential is from December 2007 and went into effect on August 3, 2009. As shown in Figure 4.5 (a), the majority of Emeryville is designated as Zone X (i.e. areas outside the 500-year flood zone). Zone V, the Coastal High Hazard Area, only includes City coastal and tideland areas, which do lie within the 100-year flood zone; however, these areas do not contain urban uses or structures. Flooding in the City could also occur as a result of storm-induced flooding, inundations from a tsunami and dam failure as discussed below.

Due to the geographical location of the City of Emeryville, there are currently no identifiable residential, commercial, or institutional properties that have experienced repetitive losses related to flooding within any 10-year period since 1987. Estimated risk for flooding in the City is one percent chance of flooding in the 100-year floodplain (once every 100 years) and a 0.2 percent chance in the 500-year floodplain.79 The City does participate in the National Flood Insurance Program but as highlighted by Figure 4.5 (a) FEMA Flood Hazard Map, the City of Emeryville is not zoned where it would be mandated that property owners are required to purchase flood insurance.

The City enforces FEMA and NFIP regulations through the Emeryville Municipal Code Title 8, Chapter §8-21 Floodplain Management. Only Zone V is considered a Special Flood Hazard Area and subject to the requirements of this chapter. Although Zone V is the coastal waters and tideland areas, the City’s Floodplain Management Ordinance requires a development permit be obtained before any construction or other development can occur in this area and any construction or development in this area must be adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy. 79 Emeryville Climate Change Chapter. Berkeley: Four Twenty Seven Climate Solutions, 28 Dec. 2016. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Figure 4.5 (a). FEMA Flood Hazard Map

SEASONAL FLOODING
A flood is defined as an overflowing of water onto an area of land that is normally dry.

Flooding occurs when streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, or coastal water bodies are abnormally high and overflow into adjacent low-lying areas, areas at risk of recurring floods are known as floodplains. Floods generally occur from natural causes, usually weather-related, often in conjunction with a wet or rainy winter or with sudden and very heavy rainfalls. Homes, businesses as well as roads and other infrastructure can all sustain damage as the result of seasonal flooding.

Coastal flooding is generally associated with Pacific Ocean storms from November through February when high tides coincide with strong winds both on the outer coast and within the Bay. Floods can, however, result from human causes such as a dam failure, or a catastrophic failure of a large diameter water main.

Emeryville has several sites that had been susceptible to floods, such as the areas east of the Southern Pacific railroad tracks, including the Hollis Street business areas and the Federal Post Office property. Low lying areas affected by tidal and high winds have been and are susceptible to damage and flooding in the west peninsula shoreline area. Prior to 1963, periodic flooding and erosion occurred along Temescal Creek resulting in extensive property damage. The floodplain of the creek was then incorporated into Alameda County Flood Zone 12, most of the length of the creek was put into an underground culvert, and a deeper and wider concrete channel was constructed to contain the 100-year flood level.

On February 25, 2004, the City experienced a winter storm which caused flooding at a magnitude that had not been seen in recent memory. The storm generated a rain event City of Emeryville
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with an intensity of at least a 25-year design storm, combined with high tide. Emeryville’s Drainage Basin 27 had streets that were flooded to depths of greater than two feet. The streets impacted were LaCoste Street, 62nd Street, Overland Drive and 64th Street which included the Emeryville Post Office on 62nd Street. Cars that were parked along these streets were damaged by the flood waters, but no businesses suffered water intrusion.

Access to businesses located on these streets was affected for several days until the waters receded.

On January 20, 2010, the City again experienced flooding conditions on the above referenced streets, although not as severe conditions as in 2004. As in the 2004 flooding, no businesses suffered water intrusion, but access to these businesses was severely limited due to the flooded streets.
2010 flooding along 62nd Street, Emeryville,
looking west
Previous flooding on 61st Street, Emeryville
To mitigate any future flooding in this area, the Alameda County Flood Control District, working with the City, designed a new flood control bypass system to alleviate the flooding on the above-mentioned streets. This new underground system called for new connections to the existing drainage system to pipe storm water off the streets and into San Francisco Bay. Construction for this project cost $8.5 million and was completed in November 2010.80 This area has not suffered any flooding since the completion of this project.

Impacts from seasonal flooding could include water intrusion into homes and businesses and streets becoming impassible, and damaged due to flooding. This damage could have an economic impact on residents, businesses and the City.

TSUNAMIS
A Tsunami is a wave, or a series of waves, caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. When a large, submarine earthquake (magnitude 8.0 or higher) occurs it creates a significant upward movement of the sea floor resulting in a rise or mounding of water at the ocean surface. This mound of water moves away from its center in all directions as a tsunami. Tsunamis are dangerous because they can strike with tremendous force and little warning, and they can also devastate coastal 80 Alameda County Flood Control & Water Conservation District, Report to the Community Fiscal Years 2011 & 2012, Page 5
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communities. They are a significant threat to human health, built and natural environments, and local, regional, and national economies.81 Tsunamis affecting the Bay Area can result from offshore earthquakes within the Bay Area, or from very distant events. While it is most common for tsunamis impacting the Bay Area to be generated by faults in Washington and Alaska, local tsunamis can be generated from local faults running underwater (such as the small tsunami that was triggered by the 1906 earthquake). The San Andreas Fault runs along the coast off the Peninsula and the Hayward Fault runs partially through San Pablo Bay.

Tsunamis generally impact the Pacific Coast of California, and reports of tsunamis entering the San Francisco Bay are rare. However, on March 11, 2011, as a result of an earthquake off the coast of Japan, a half meter-tall surge was observed entering the waters off Emeryville at 9:38 am (See figure 4.5.2 (a)). As there are no structures or docks located on that side of the peninsula, there was no reportable damage in Emeryville, although there was minor damage at the Berkeley Marina.

Figure 4.5.2 (a). Picture taken by Steve Winter March 11, 2011 81 NTHMP Tsunami Information Guide March 2019, Presented by the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, Page 7
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The Great 1868 Earthquake on the Hayward Fault is reported to have created a seiche within the Bay (a seiche is a tsunami that occurs within an enclosed body of water). It is unknown whether the seiche impacted the area that is now the City of Emeryville.

The Emeryville General Plan – Chapter 6: Conservation, Safety and Noise describes the tsunami hazard in Emeryville as follows: “Tsunamis are caused by submarine seismic or volcanic disturbances. The U. S. Geological Survey estimates that a 20-foot wave at the Golden Gate Bridge (an event estimated to possibly occur once in 200 years) could potentially cause a run-up of a 10-foot wave in the Emeryville Peninsula and the shoreline area.”
The probability of a tsunami affecting the City of Emeryville is low, given the rarity and unpredictability of the hazard. Table 4.5.2 (b) provides information on historical tsunami events that have occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most tsunami events affected locations in San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, and Alameda which are all within a 10- mile radius of Emeryville.
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Table 4.5.2 (b). Notable Historical Tsunamis in the San Francisco Bay Area82 As indicated by the table, the most damaging tsunamis in Alameda County history have been a result of tsunamis generated from high scaled earthquakes in the Alaska-Aleutian Islands region. The combination of an earthquake and tsunami together, such as the magnitude 6.8 Hayward Fault and magnitude 6.8 Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault, contained the highest potential of generating tsunami damage.

The following infographics show the different phases of tsunamis and the impact each phase would have on the City and its at risk populations.

Table 4.5.2 (b) above (c) below Infographics from ESRI June 2022 Phase 1 and Phase 2 Tsunami Inundation Areas and At Risk Population Profiles for Emeryville 82 Infographic provided by Jacqueline Bott, PG, CEG, Engineering Geologist and Nicholas Graehl, Engineering Geologist, California Department of Conservation. California Geological Survey, Tsunami Unit.

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In Phases 1 and 2, no structures or members of the community are at risk from a tsunami. However, that does change in Phase 3 and the Max Phase as indicated in the infographics below:

Table 4.5.2 (d) Infographics from ESRI June 2022 Phase 3 Tsunami Inundation Areas and At Risk Population Profiles for Emeryville
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Table 4.5.2 (e) Infographics from ESRI June 2022 Max Phase Tsunami Inundation Areas and At Risk Population Profiles for Emeryville
These maps estimate areas of Emeryville that could experience inundation following a tsunami and that includes the peninsula and Highway 80 all the way up to and a little past the railroad tracks in one area.

All five hotels in the City as well as two large retail shopping areas are located in the inundation zone. City facilities in the inundation zone include the City’s only Police Station, the current Corporation Yard and one (of two) fire stations. Figure 4.5.2 (e) represents the maximum considered tsunami inundation from a number of extreme and realistic tsunami sources.83 Property and residents located within the red shaded area are at risk for tsunami impact; facilities and people located uphill or inland from these areas are more likely to experience no impact from a tsunami event.

Most tsunami damage and destruction is caused by flooding, wave impacts, erosion, strong currents, and floating debris (e.g., trees, structures, vehicles, and other things that can act like a battering ram). In addition to loss of life and mass injuries, other impacts of a tsunami may include damage to and destruction to the homes and businesses located in the inundation zone, the marina and harbor, and the Emeryville shoreline. Basic services such as power, sewer and water may not be available after a tsunami and 83 USA. California Department of Conservation. California Geological Survey. Maritime Tsunami Response Playbook and Mitigation Guidance, Berkeley/Emeryville – Alameda County. By Wilson Rick, Patrick Lynett, Kevin Miller, Amanda Admire, Aykut Ayca, Edward Curtis, Lori Dengler, Michael Hornick, Troy Nicolini, and Drew Peterson. Sacramento: California Department of Conservation, 2016. Print. Page

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communications, transportation (ground, air, rail and marine) and health and public safety services may also be disrupted.84
The National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) provides tsunami emergency information and bulletins to state and local jurisdictions during tsunami alerts. There are four levels of the NTWC’s alert bulletins:
 Tsunami Information Statement. The information statement informs and updates emergency managers and the public that an earthquake has occurred, or that a tsunami Watch, Advisory, or Warning has been issued elsewhere in the ocean.
 Tsunami Watch. A Tsunami Watch alerts emergency managers and the public of a tsunami event which may later impact the Watch area coastline. Based on updated information and analysis of the situation, a tsunami watch can be upgraded to an Advisory or Warning or even canceled.
 Tsunami Advisory. A tsunami advisory is issued when there is a threat of a tsunami - typically with an amplitude of between one and three feet above existing tidal conditions is expected producing strong currents or dangerous waves to those in or near the water.
 Tsunami Warning. A warning is issued when a tsunami with significant widespread inundation is imminent or expected. Warnings are typically issued for tsunamis forecasted with an amplitude equal or greater than three feet. Coastal communities should evacuate residents and people from low-lying areas.

To better inform and provide guidance for communities within close proximity to bodies of water susceptible to tsunami events, California Office of Emergency Services created the California Maritime Tsunami Response Playbook and Mitigation Guidance, and tailored scenario responses to selected individual cities based on 5 high magnitude earthquakes – tsunami events.

To reduce and mitigate tsunami damage to the Emeryville Marina community, residents and harbor management can incorporate soft and hard mitigation strategies aimed to better prepare for an emergency tsunami event. “Soft” mitigation strategies, or real time response measures, can include moving boats and ships out of harbors, restricting boat movement, removing hazardous materials away from the water, or identifying and assigning rescue, survey, and salvage personnel. “Hard” strategies, or permanent mitigation measures, refer to long-term improvements related to the marina itself, such as increasing the flexibility of interconnected docks, increasing the height of piles to prevent overtopping, moving docks and assets away from high hazard zones, or constructing flood gates.
84 NTHMP Tsunami Information Guide March 2019, Presented by the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, Page 7
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DAM FAILURE
According to the Safety Element in the General Plan, the closest dam near the City is the dam at Lake Temescal, which is located 3.5 miles east of the City limits. Lake Temescal Dam is owned and managed by the East Bay Regional Park District and is overseen by the California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD). The DSOD supervises dam maintenance and inspections which includes seismic analysis of existing dams to assure their integrity and conducting regular inspections.

Lake Temescal Dam was built in 1869 and was last inspected by the state’s Division of Safety Dams in December 2023. At that time, the dam presented no issues necessitating corrective action and “the dam, reservoir, and all appurtenances [were] judged safe for continued use.”85 The likelihood of a flood hazard is dependent upon the occurrence of a major earthquake and the ability of the dam to withstand seismic activity.

If the dam were to fail, it is estimated to cause overflowing of Temescal Creek and inundation of nearly 1,000 feet of land area on either side of the creek within 15 minutes.

The water could reach the rest of the City, west toward the Bay, and north approximately to Powell Street within 25 minutes as shown in Figure 4.5.3 (a).

Figure 4.5.3 (a). Emeryville’s Coastal Flood Zone and Dam Failure Inundation Hazard Area Map 85 Alma Balmes, Risk Manager, Human Resources, East Bay Regional Park District 18 June 2024 City of Emeryville
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FIRES
PROBABILITY – LOW SEVERITY – MEDIUM
The City of Emeryville does not have the terrain or vegetation conditions for large or devastating wildfires. However, urban fires, i.e. a residential or commercial structure fire or an industrial fire, are a constant threat. While fires are not entirely preventable, upgrades in building codes and safety standards for road and building construction help ensure the safety of the community.

WILDFIRES
PROBABILITY – LOW SEVERITY – MEDIUM
A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels, posing danger and destruction to property and lives. Wildfires can occur in undeveloped areas and spread to urban areas where structures and other human development are more concentrated.

While some wildfires start by natural causes (lightning), humans cause four out of every five wildfires. Wildfires started by humans are usually the result of debris burns, arson, or carelessness.

Until the North Bay Fires in October 2017 and the Camp Fire in 2018, the OaklandBerkeley Fire of 1991, was the most destructive wildfire in State history, resulting in 25 lives lost, 150 injuries, destruction of 3,354 single family homes and 456 apartments, and $9 billion in losses (in 2015 dollars). The 8 largest wildfires in California history have all occurred since 2018.

Emeryville does not have the conditions for such a large wildfire. However, there is a section of the Shoreline Park on the peninsula that does have brush and vegetation. This section is located near the I-80/580 corridor and the MacArthur Maze, a major artery in the area’s transportation system. An average of 270,000 vehicles a day transit this portion of freeways. Any ignition of this area could reduce visibility for drivers along portions of this very dense transportation corridor and cause a serious smoke threat to the cars and trucks on the road.

However, Emeryville’s air quality can be severely impacted by wildfires. Wildfire smoke is unhealthy to breathe and can be especially dangerous for children, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with heart or respiratory conditions. On September 9, 2020, across Northern California, giant plumes of smoke from a fire that blasted through the Sierra Nevada billowed and spread high in the atmosphere, blotting out the sun turning the skies an ominous color orange.86
86 Fuller, Thomas, (2020, September 9), Wildfires Blot Out Sun in the Bay Area. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/us/pictures-photos-california-fires.html 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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URBAN FIRES
PROBABILITY – LOW SEVERITY – MEDIUM
Urban conflagration, or a large disastrous fire in an urban area, is a major hazard that can occur due to a number of causes – wildfires, earthquakes, gas leaks, chemical explosions or arson. The urban fire conflagration that followed the 1906 San Francisco earthquake did more damage than the earthquake itself. Although it is unlikely that City of Emeryville would experience an urban conflagration due to the improvements in community design, construction materials, and fire protection systems, the possibility of an urban conflagration remains a threat to the Emeryville community. One reason is the current trend towards increased urban density and infill.

The City averages 2 fires a month with less than $5,000 worth of damage, 1 fire a month with over $5,000 worth of damage and 1 vehicle fire a month. However, on Wednesday, July 6, 2016, at approximately 2:45 am, a 6-alarm fire ripped through a five story 105-unit vacant apartment building under construction in Emeryville. The fire extended to an auto repair shop next door, destroying the shop and multiple vehicles parked on the street. It also caused moderate to significant damage to five townhouses located across street with an additional 10 townhouses declared uninhabitable. The fire caused approximately $23,000,000 in damages (there was a 5-alarm fire at this exact same site on May 13, 2017, which caused similar damage). Both fires were the result of arson. There have been no major fires since 2017.

BIOLOGICAL THREATS
PROBABILITY – LOW SEVERITY – HIGH
Biological threats can range from widespread pandemic and regional outbreaks to purposefully targeted bioterrorism. Viruses, bacteria, and toxins all pose as threats to our health safety; the number of outbreaks per year has more than tripled, with the number of new diseases per decade nearly quadrupling over the past 60 years.87 Globalization, more efficient modes of traveling, and climate change are all factors contributing to a growing number of disease vectors carrying pathogens around the world.

Having more extensive traveling methods mean that disease vectors are easily transported from one part of the world to another, and climate change produces more amiable conditions for insects, bacteria, and viruses to grow. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that rising global temperatures, as well as altered 87 Walsh, Bryan. "The World is Not Ready for the Next Pandemic." Time Health. Time, 03 May 2017.

Web. 11 May 2017. http://time.com/4766624/next-global-security.

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precipitation and humidity linked to climate change, could significantly alter vector borne diseases and their effect on human populations more difficult to predict and control.88 PANDEMIC89
Pandemics occur when humans have little or no immunity against new strains or subtypes of known viruses, such as influenza, or against entirely new viruses. Over the last 300 years, there have been ten influenza pandemics including the historic pandemic of 1918 and 1919, which was responsible for 20 to 40 million deaths worldwide, which followed an earlier pandemic episode from 1830 to 1832. COVID-19 is another such pandemic.

Experts predict there will be future events similar to COVID-19 and its variants.90 A pandemic can be a social and an economic crisis just as much as a health one – its repercussions, severe and far-reaching, can be felt across the world. Many biological pathogens can cause widespread disease. Pathogens can evolve over time. A virus that was previously unable to spread between animals and people might mutate so that it can.

In addition, the risk of another pandemic continues to be pushed forward as the antivaccine movement encourages parents to refuse vaccination of their children, resulting in higher risks of infection and dispersal of diseases
Key naturally occurring biological hazards that Emeryville is concerned about are described below.

COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in March 2020, has made a pandemic a clearly recognized hazard in all parts of the world.

The Wellcome Global Monitor 2020: COVID-19 report, the largest study of its kind, found that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on low-income countries and people with low incomes across all countries. Almost half (45%) of workers in low and lower-middle-income countries lost a job or business due to the pandemic, compared to just 10% of people in high-income countries.91
COVID-19 is still impacting Emeryville, the State of California and the world at large. As of August 31, 2023 (the last date for which reporting was required), there were almost 88 "Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases." Climate Nexus. 23 Aug. 2016. Web. 11 May 2017. http://climatenexus.org/learn/public-health-impacts/climate-change-and-vector-borne-diseases. 89 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Volume 1, Part 3 – Profiles of other Hazards of Interest, Updated November 10 2023, Pages 30-1 to 30-20, 2023 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan 90 M.T. Osterholm, Preparing for the next pandemic, N Engl J Med, 352 (18) (2005), pp. 1839-1842 91 Wellcome Global Monitor 2020: Covid-19, 28 November 2021, Wellcome-Global-Monitor-Covid.pdf 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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467,711 positive cases reported in Alameda County. As of June 8, 2024, there were 2,411 COVID-19 related deaths in Alameda County.

The summer of 2024 also saw an upsurge in COVID-19 cases across the Country and in Emeryville due to the FLiRT variants. Hospitalizations and emergency department visits also ticked up during this time. Unlike the flu and other respiratory viruses, which tend to peak in colder months, COVID is prevalent even in the summer season.

Ebola
Ebola is caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. 92 Ebola can be transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals by exposure to bodily fluids including but not limited to saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen; objects that have been contaminated with body fluids from a person sick with Ebola; infected fruit bats or primates, and possibly from sexual contact.

Symptoms of fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and hemorrhaging can appear between two to twenty-one days after exposure. Although there have been numerous Ebola outbreaks since 1976, the March 2014 Ebola outbreak remains the largest one in history and the first Ebola epidemic in West Africa affecting multiple countries in the region. About 30,000 people were infected and over 11,000 died.

On September 30, 2014, the first laboratory-confirmed case of Ebola was diagnosed in the United States from a man who traveled to Dallas, Texas from Liberia. Shortly after, two healthcare workers who provided care for the index patient tested positive for Ebola.

There have been no reported cases in the United States since 2014.

Zika Virus
The Zika virus is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito; symptoms of infection, such as fever, rash, headache, joint pain, red eyes, and muscle pain are usually mild lasting up to a week. However, Zika virus infection in pregnant women can cause a serious birth defect in which newborns are born with microcephaly and other severe brain defects. Microcephaly is a birth defect where a baby’s head is smaller than expected. The virus can be spread from mother to newborn during pregnancy or around time of birth; sexual contact with infected individuals can also aid in the transmission of the virus.

Between January 1, 2015, and April 5, 2017, a total of 5,197 cases of Zika were reported in the US, with the highest concentration in New York, Florida, California, and Texas. The first two babies born in California with Zika-related microcephaly occurred in August 2016; 92 There are 5 identified Ebola virus species, four of which are known to cause disease in humans. The fifth ebola virus, has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans.

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both infants’ mothers tested positive for the Zika virus and contracted the pathogen while traveling.

Since 2018, there have been no reports of Zika virus transmission by mosquitoes in the continental United States. And since 2019, there have been no confirmed Zika virus disease cases reported from United States territories.

Bird Influenza (H5N1)
As of June 5, 2024, H5N1 bird flu is widespread in wild birds worldwide and is causing outbreaks in poultry and U.S. dairy cows. In 2024, three human cases of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection have been reported by two states (Texas, Michigan), following exposure to dairy cattle.93
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) uses multiple surveillance systems year-round to monitor key flu indicators. These data are reviewed comprehensively each week. As of June 14, 2024, these systems currently show no indicators of unusual flu activity in people, including avian influenza A(H5N1).

As such, the current public health risk is low, but the CDC is watching the situation carefully and working with states to monitor people with animal exposures.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the Coronavirus. Patients infected by MERS develop severe acute respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath.

The disease was first reported in Saudi Arabia in September 2012, with first known cases appearing in Jordan in April 2012.

Since the disease was first identified in Saudi Arabia in April 2012, over 2,600 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been detected in 27 countries. In Europe, eight countries have reported confirmed cases, all with direct or indirect connections to the Middle East.

The majority of MERS-CoV cases continue to be reported from the Middle East. The source of the virus remains unknown, but the pattern of transmission and virological studies point to dromedary camels in the Middle East as a reservoir from which humans sporadically become infected through zoonotic transmission. Secondary human-tohuman transmission has occurred, particularly within households and in healthcare settings.
93 H5N1 Bird Flu, Current Situation, Center for Disease Control, 17 June 2024, H5N1 Bird Flu: Current Situation | Bird Flu | CDC
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Since the beginning of 2024, and as of April 29, 2024, one MERS fatality has been reported in Saudi Arabia. Between April 2012 and April 2024, a total of 2,622 cases of MERS, including 950 deaths, have been reported by health authorities worldwide.

In May 2014, there were two confirmed cases of MERS in the US, one in Indiana and the other in Florida. Both cases were among healthcare providers who had traveled from Saudi Arabia.

There have been no reported cases of MERS in the US since 2014.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68)
Enterovirus D68 or EV-D68 is one of the 100 or more non-polio enteroviruses which causes mild to severe respiratory illnesses including runny nose, sneezing, cough, body and muscle aches, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. EV-D68 infection is more likely to occur during summer and fall; the virus can be spread from person to person when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or leaves behind respiratory secretions with which others may come into contact with.

In 2014, the US experienced a nationwide outbreak of EV-D68, where the majority of confirmed cases were among children.

West Nile Virus (WNV)
West Nile Virus, or WNV, is an arthropod-borne virus commonly spread through bites from infected mosquitoes. However, there have been small number of cases where transmission of the virus occurred from blood transfusions, organ transplants, breastfeeding, and during pregnancy.

WNV symptom outbreak rate varies; about 1 in 150 people infected will develop severe illness with symptoms including high fever, headache, body stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, vision loss, numbness, and paralysis. Up to 20% of infected individuals experience lesser symptoms lasting as short as a few days to as long as several weeks, while the remaining 80% of people will not exhibit any signs of infection.94
Most cases of WNV occur during the summer months between June and September and outbreaks have been reported throughout 48 states in the US. In 2023, 36 counties in California (Alameda, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Kings, Lake, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Madera, Merced, Monterey, Nevada, Orange, Placer, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Joaquin, San Luis 94 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. West Nile Virus Factsheet. Center for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/wnvfactsheet_508.pdf.

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Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tulare, Ventura, Yolo, and Yuba) reported a total of 472 WNV cases, of which 19 were fatal.95 Through August 2024, California has reported 19 cases of West Nile Virus with 3 deaths. Two of the three deaths were in the Bay Area, one in Contra Costa County and the other in Santa Clara County. 96
Mpox
Mpox Clade II is a rare disease that is caused by infection with the Mpox virus. Mpox can cause fever, headache, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash. The rash typically begins as flat spots that turn into bumps that fill with fluid. Some people develop spots that look like pimples or blisters before having any other symptoms. The bumps eventually crust and fall off as they heal.

The Mpox virus is not new, but beginning in May 2022, there was a significant increase in reported cases where Mpox is not commonly seen, including in the United States, California, and Alameda County As of August 1, 2024, there were 33,400 reported cases in the United States of which 6,350 were reported in California.97 On August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Mpox Clade I (a deadlier version of Mpox that is endemic to West Africa) to be a global health emergency of international concern due to an outbreak in Africa that is slowly spreading globally.

There are no treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for Mpox. Antiviral drugs approved for treatment of smallpox may help to treat mpox because the viruses that cause mpox and smallpox are similar.

SIGNIFICANT OUTBREAKS (OTHER THAN COVID-19) SINCE 2006
Cholera Outbreak (October 2010)
Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by the infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Infection is most likely to occur and spread in less developed countries where there is inadequate water treatment and poor sanitary conditions. The 2010 Cholera outbreak in Haiti occurred shortly after the country experienced a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which further impeded the nation’s already struggling water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure.
95 The California Mosquito-Borne Virus Surveillance and Response Program, West Nile.ca.gov Reported Incidence of West Nile virus - California, 2023, https://westnile.ca.gov/download?download_id=4984 96 Ho, C (2024, August 26), West Nile Virus landed Fauci in the hospital. Here’s where it has appeared in California, San Francisco Chronicle, https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/west-nile-viruscalifornia-anthony-fauci-19723659.php 97 Web, California Department of Public Health, Mpox Case Data as of August 2, 2024, accessed 14 Aug 2024, California Mpox Data
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About one in 10 infected individuals will experience severe disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. The rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock and without treatment, death can occur within hours.

Swine Flu (H1N1) (April 2009)
Swine Flu, or also known as H1N1 in accordance with the specific strain of the influenza virus, is a pig respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses that regularly cause influenza outbreaks in swine herds. Although the virus rarely infects humans, exposure to infected pigs can lead to transmission of variant viruses. People infected with such variant viruses experience symptoms similar to seasonal human influenza such as fever, lethargy, lack of appetite and coughing. The pandemic H1N1 virus was spread from person to person, being easily transmitted by coughing or sneezing.

The emergence of this new virus had a significant health impact on the human population due to the fact that most people had no or little immunity, since a vaccine had not been created for it. According to the CDC, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic resulted in a total of 60.8 million cases, 274,304 hospitalizations, and 12,469 deaths in the US.98 Within those deaths, 657 were Californians. Currently, the Swine flu circulates as a seasonal flu, which can be combated by a vaccine.

Measles
Measles is a highly contagious virus that lives in the nose and throat mucus of an infected individual. Because of its ability to survive for up to two hours in an airspace after an infected individual sneezes or coughs, measles is highly contagious. Symptoms associated with measles includes fever, runny nose, coughing, red eyes, and a sore throat, followed by a rash that spreads all over the body.

While the virus had been declared eliminated from the US in 2000, there has been sporadic importations of measles into the county from travelers. Measles outbreaks can also occur in communities with high number of unvaccinated individuals. During January to July 2008, a total of 131 measles cases were reported to CDC, with 14 cases from California.99
In 2014, the United States experienced a record number of measles cases, with 667 cases from 27 states reported to CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD); this was the greatest number of cases since measles elimination was documented in the U.S. in 2000.
98 "CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 01 June 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/estimates_2009_h1n1.htm. 99 "Update: Measles --- United States, January--July 2008." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 Aug. 2008. Web. 02 June 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5733a1.htm.

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In 2015, 188 people from 24 states and the District of Columbia were reported to have measles. The outbreak likely started from a traveler who became infected overseas with measles, then visited an amusement park in California while infectious; however, no source was ever identified.100
From January 1, 2024 to August 8, 2024, a total of 211 measles cases were reported by 27 jurisdictions in the United States. There have been 13 outbreaks (defined as 3 or more related cases) reported in 2024, and 68% of cases (143 of 211) are outbreak-associated.

For comparison, 4 outbreaks were reported during 2023 and 49% of cases (29 of 59) were outbreak-associated.101

BIOTECH COMPANIES
Emeryville, as a commercial hub in the East Bay, is home to a number of biotechnology companies. Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, in particular microorganisms, or other biological systems for the improvement of quality of human life. However, purposeful alterations of nature, biodiversity, and the ecosystem may indirectly impact the human population in the future. While there are some beneficial results of bioengineered organisms in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the medical field, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can also carry unintended biological risks for the environment. Long term consequences can upset the balance of the natural ecosystem, creating reactions across the food chain.

100 “Measles – Cases and Outbreaks” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web. 17 July 2107. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html. 101 “Measles Cases and Outbreaks” Centers for Disease Control ad Prevention, Measles (Rubeola), Web. 9 Aug 2024, accessed 14 Aug 2024, https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research/index.html 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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CIVIL DISTURBANCE
PROBABILITY – LOW SEVERITY – LOW
Civil disturbance is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. Civil disturbance is typically a symptom of, and a form of protest, against major socio-political problems. The severity of action is dependent on the public’s outrage. Civil disturbances can also arise out of a union protest, institutional population uprising or from a large celebration that becomes disorderly.

Civil disturbances can take the form of small gatherings or large groups blocking or impeding access to a building, to a street or even to a highway or bridge. Consequences of a civil disturbance can include mobs burning or otherwise destroying property and terrorizing individuals.

Emeryville has been subject to several civil disturbances where property and retail businesses were damaged. On December 1, 2014, a group of protesters from downtown Oakland, made their way through North Oakland into Emeryville breaking windows at several local businesses before being dispersed. A week later on December 8, 2014, approximately 1,500 protestors marched from downtown Berkeley through University Avenue to Highway 80, shutting down both lanes of traffic on the highway before being redirected into Emeryville by the California Highway Patrol.

While the probability of future civil disturbance incidents is difficult to predict, given past occurrences and the location of Emeryville between Berkeley and Oakland, civil disturbance incidents are possible. Current societal trends and emerging social and political issues should be watched closely as these issues have led to civil disturbance incidents in the past.

TERRORISM
PROBABILITY – MEDIUM SEVERITY – HIGH
Terrorism is the use of fear for intimidation, usually for political goals. Terrorism is a crime where the threat of violence is often as effective as the commission of the violent act itself.

Terrorism affects us through fear, physical injuries, economic losses, psychological trauma, and erosion of faith in governments. It can manifest itself through bombings, hijackings, kidnappings, arson, assassinations, threats only, disruption of “lifeline systems” and other critical infrastructure, as well as the use of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive weapons.

The federal government plays a significant role in terrorism response on a national level, but local governments along with counties and the state, have primary responsibility for City of Emeryville
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protecting the health and safety of their citizens. The nature of terrorism, and all the forms it can take makes mitigation, response and recovery issues difficult.

The City of Emeryville has had its own experience with terrorism. On August 28, 2003, an improvised explosive device (IED), or pipe bomb, was detonated near the front door of the then Chiron Life Science Center in Emeryville causing damage to the building. A second device was detonated in another Chiron building shortly after the first responders arrived at the scene, also damaging the building and the surrounding area.

Although the likelihood of Emeryville experiencing another direct attack is low, the City still needs to be prepared given our location between Oakland (which is designated as a Tier I urban area – meaning it faces a higher level of risk than other urban areas for terrorism) and Berkeley and our proximity to other major landmarks in the Bay Area.

CYBERTERRORISM
The FBI defines cyberterrorism as a premeditated, politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data that results in violence against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents. The U.S.

National Infrastructure Protection Center defines cyberterrorism as a criminal act perpetrated through the use of computers and telecommunication capabilities, which results in violence, destruction, or disruption of services, to create fear by causing confusion and uncertainty within a given population, with the goal of influencing a government or populations to conform to a political, social, or ideological agenda.

Cyberterrorism can impact the community, the state or the nation as a whole, as well as individuals and business interests. Cyber based attacks gain access to or intrude on critical infrastructure systems, such as financial services, communications, energy, or transportation systems, with the potential to alter their reliable functioning. Disruption to such systems could pose a critical threat to national and local economic security.

The February 2023 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community describes an increasing risk of high-impact ransomware attacks, extorts used to extort funds, disrupt critical services, and expose sensitive data.102 An increasing number of ransomware attacks have been targeting governments worldwide and the Bay Area was no exception.

The following Cities in the Bay Area have been hit with a ransomware attack: Union City (2021), Hayward (2023), Oakland (2023), Oakley (2024) and Pleasant Hill (2024). For the City of Oakland it took months to restore its IT capabilities. 102 Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2023, February 6). Annual Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community. https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/ATA-2023- Unclassified-Report.pdf
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To date, Emeryville has not experienced a full-scale cyber-attack. Given the proliferation of devices that are designed and used in almost every aspect of society (from smart phones and tablets, to automobiles [autonomous and not], household appliances, home security systems), with minimal security requirements and testing, it is conceivable that these attacks will continue and could lead to widespread vulnerabilities in civilian infrastructure and US government systems.

The City’s IT infrastructure is protected by on-premise next generation firewalls, supplemented by cloud services that screen for malware, phishing attempts, and intrusion detection. Multi-factor Authorization (MFA) is implemented throughout the City’s network and hosted applications.

Additionally, the City contracts with a third-party security firm that provides 24/7/365 realtime protection for the City’s networks and cybersecurity training and simulations for staff.

BIOTERRORISM
Bioterrorism is not as apparent as an act of violent terrorism. An attack can go undetected for hours, days, or potentially weeks until affected people start to display symptoms of disease. According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, a biological attack is the intentional release of a pathogen (disease causing agent) or biotoxin (poisonous substance produced by a living organism) against humans, plants, or animals. 103 Depending on the specific biological agent used and the targeted audience of a biological attack, pathogens and toxins can be disseminated through aerosol, food or water, human carriers, infected animals, or physically distributed.

Two agents most commonly used as bioterrorism weapons in biological warfare are anthrax and smallpox as they have the highest potential for mass casualties and civil disruption. Both agents are highly lethal, with anthrax, if left untreated, approaching an 80% death rate and 30% death rate from smallpox if not vaccinated against the variola virus.

Anthrax
Anthrax is caused by the bacteria Bacillus Anthracis and can be spread through multiple ways. Most people can be affected by breathing in spores, eating contaminated food or drinking water, or getting spores in exposed skin. For example, when spores containing the bacteria are inhaled, the bacteria will activate and multiply while producing and spreading toxins throughout the body.

Anthrax has been used as a weapon around the world for almost a century. It has historical usage dating back to World War I in which German agents successfully infected Allied livestock with anthrax and glanders. In the 1990s, the cult leader of Aum Shinrikyo, 103 National Academies, and U.S. Department of Homeland Security. News and Terrorism:

Communicating in a Crisis. 2004. https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/prep_biological_fact_sheet.pdf.

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a Japanese Doomsday Cult, failed in his attempt to release anthrax and botulinum toxin in Tokyo. In 2011, anthrax attacks were reported in the U.S. with 11 people impacted by inhaling the toxin in contaminated mail. An additional 11 people were infected with cutaneous anthrax.

Smallpox
Smallpox is a serious infectious disease caused by the variola virus. Symptoms included a fever and a distinctive progressive skin rash. It is estimated that about three out of ten people with the disease died while survivors were left with permanent scars or blindness.

The last naturally spread case of smallpox in the world was in 1977. The World Health Assembly declared smallpox to be eradicated in the 1980. As a result, most people born in the US after 1972 have not been vaccinated against the disease. Only a small amount of people are vaccinated due to military or Smallpox Response Team formations after 9/11 as an effort to prepare for bioterrorist attacks.

Emeryville has not experienced bioterrorism or any form of a biological attack. However, the probability of a future biological hazardous event cannot be ruled out. As part of the 44 mitigation goals, Emeryville is preparing for future biological hazards by collaborating with local health organizations and medical centers to establish emergency response procedures including medical resources, a reserve of health professionals, and establishment of distribution centers for medical services. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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MITIGATION STRATEGY
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MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The goal of this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update is to create a more resilient City by reducing or eliminating long-term risks to the people and property of the City from natural and man-made hazards. This plan has four main objectives:

1. Reduce the potential for loss of life, injury and economic damage to Emeryville residents, businesses and city government from earthquakes, climate change, hazardous materials release, utility infrastructure failures, floods, fires, biological threats, civil disturbances and terrorism.

2. Increase the City’s resilience and ability to serve the community during and after a hazard event by mitigating risk to key city functions such as response, recovery and rebuilding.

3. Protect the City’s unique character and values from being compromised by a hazard event.

4. Encourage mitigation activities to increase the disaster resilience of the City, private companies and lifeline systems that are essential to Emeryville’s ability to function.

LINKS TO OTHER CITY PLANS
This Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is just another contribution to the City’s desire to be a resilient community. Many of the mitigation goals of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan are consistent with the goals found in the City’s General Plan, Climate Action Plan, Strategic Energy Plan and the Capital Improvement Program. Once approved and adopted, the goals and strategies of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan will be considered in the City’s long-range planning and programs.

Public Works staff will consider any new hazard mitigation strategies in Table 3.3(a), as appropriate, for possible inclusion in the City’s next Capital Improvement Program. Any new plans created or any major revisions to the Emeryville General Plan, or any of the other of the above-mentioned plans or programs between 2024 - 2029, will integrate the analysis and adopted mitigation measures in this LHMP.

MITIGATION ACTIONS COMPLETED FROM THE 2019 – 2024 PLAN
City staff reviewed the mitigation measures, policies and actions included in the 2019- 2024 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. The COVID-19 Pandemic impacted the City’s mitigation plans due to severe budget restraints; however, some measures have been completed, or in the process of being completed, and some have been continued in the 2024 – 2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update as shown in Table 3.3 (a) below. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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The following are the completed mitigation objectives from the 2019-2024 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan:

High Priority Mitigation Measures
Mass Notification System: The City contracted with Alameda County for AC Alert, a mass notification system in 2015. All existing and new hire staff have been enrolled and will continue to be enrolled in AC Alert. All Police Communication Dispatchers have been trained on this software and its usage.

In 2021, the City also contracted with the Alameda County for Zonehaven – a software platform that helps communities and first responders more effectively plan, communicate, and execute evacuations.

De-escalating Techniques: All officers receive POST approved training annually which includes de-escalation tactics. The Emeryville Police Department has a 4-hour POST approved Use of Force/De-escalation training course. In addition, de-escalation training is incorporated into all of the department’s POST certified use of force training lesson plans for Firearms, Electronic Control Device (TASER), Defensive Tactics and Impact Weapons as well as the online POST Strategic Communications training.

Recovery Plan (Cyberterrorism): The City had a Cybersecurity Assessment done in 2021 and implemented many of the recommendations made from the assessment. These include a live 24/7 monitoring by a third-party network operations center, data backups that are stored at an offsite data center in an isolated repository, a partnership with the cyber security division of the Department of Homeland Security to provide periodic cyber hygiene checks and reports, multiple redundant next-gen firewalls at all endpoints and layered antimalware protection. The city also carries multiple insurance policies and warranties to provide funding if there is an event the requires recovery.

Revamping CERT Program: The City held a CERT Academy in 2019 with 20 participants.

Approximately 12 of those participants became permanent members of the City’s CERT Team. Trainings were held in person in 2019 and then virtually after 2020 - 2022.

However, due to the transient nature of Emeryville’s community members and the staff turnover the team dissolved in early 2023. Re-invigorating the City’s CERT program is included once again in the 2024-2029 mitigation actions.

Revamping City Website – The City is in the process of completely updating their website which includes a Disaster Preparedness web page. This project is expected to be completed by early 2025.

Staff Trainings for Emergency Situations – The City contracts with Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD) for Emergency Preparedness. Between 2019-2024 ACFD held one (1) City Council training, twenty-five (25) EOC Section Trainings and six (6) tabletop exercises and trainings for City staff. As this is an ongoing need, this mitigation action item has been included in the 2024-2029 plan update.

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Medium Priority Mitigation Measures
Storm Drain Cleaning – This is now done every October and then regularly to problem spots during the rainy season.

Increase Earthquake Awareness in the Community – The City contracts with Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD) for fire services which includes Disaster Preparedness Training for both City staff and the community nine (9) Personal Emergency Preparedness (PEP) classes and two (2) CERT Hybrid Academies. City staff also met with several Homeowner Associations (HOA) in 2022 to discuss emergency preparedness in multi-unit buildings. As this is an ongoing need, this mitigation action item has been included in the 2024-2029 plan update.

Designate the Senior Center as a Cooling Center for Extreme Heat Days – this was completed in 2019.

Implement Water Efficient Landscaping Ordinance – this action was completed.

Create GIS Maps Reflecting Hazardous Pipelines in the City – this action item was determined not feasible or appropriate for the City.

Streamline Installation Process for Solar Panels on Building Development and Remodels Low Priority Mitigation Measures
Gas Shut Off Valves - Installation of approved automatic gas shut-off valves is required in existing buildings undergoing additions, alterations or repairs exceeding $50,000 in construction valuation. Installation is required prior to Final Inspection. (Ord. No 19-012).

Establish Community Policing to Increase Police Knowledge of Neighborhoods - this action item has been completed.

Streamline Installation Process for Solar Panels on Building Developments and Remodels – this action item has been completed. The City is in compliance with AB2188 and the City will be in compliance with SB379 no later than September 30, 2024 Long Range Mitigation Measures
Alternative Transportation – The City has prioritized bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure city-wide, including 11 miles of bikeways in our 1.2-square mile city, with plans for up to 19 additional miles. A rails-to-trails greenway through the city saw over 700,000 users last year, and a new bike-ped bridge over the railroad tracks has provided many safer bike/ped options to get around and through the city. Emeryville also hosts several sharedmobility operators, including the regional BayWheels bike share program, which has seen more than 80,000 rides since its inception in 2017.
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Restore and Build Up Wetlands Along Areas at Risk of Inundation Due to Sea Level Rise – The recently completed Point Emery Revetment Project improves the park and surrounding areas’ resilience by protecting the shoreline from the effects of sea level rise and wave action. Additionally, these shoreline protection features enable ongoing maintenance measures to address potential future flooding and sea level rise including repairs to public access areas and improvements along with prevention and rectification of future subsidence or uneven settlement, flooding, and inundation.

MITIGATION ACTIONS NOT COMPLETED IN 2019-2024
High Priority Mitigation Measures
Construct a Bioswale and Other Vegetative Storm Water Treatment Features for Storm Water Filtration and Flood Prevention – the City is awaiting feedback from EBRPD in order to move forward with securing outside funding (Grant money) for the project. This project is in the pre-planning phase, and construction is not imminent. As such, this mitigation action has been carried over in the 2024 – 2029 LHMP Install early Earthquake Warning System in both Fire Stations – this mitigation action to have the bay doors of the City’s two fire stations open when warned of an imminent earthquake has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP
Collaborate with EBMUD to update infrastructure and to identify adaptive strategies to protect water supply from drought – this action item has been carried over to the 2024- 2029 LHMP.

Police Substation - the building of a police substation on the east side of the highway has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Caltrans Agreement – this mitigation action would have called for an agreement with Caltrans for permission to build a low-lying ramp where I-80 is parallel to the street in case the I-80 overpass collapse or is in danger of collapse. This agreement has been deemed unnecessary as it was determined that there are other means for residents to be able to exit the peninsula without having to go under the overpass or horizontally over the freeway.

Public Address System for the Peninsula – this mitigation item to install a public address system on the peninsula to warn marina residents of potential tsunami or severe weatherrelated events has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Draft Recovery Plan for the City – this mitigation action item has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

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Place Evacuation Route Signs on City Streets – this mitigation item to place evacuation route signs throughout the City has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Movement of Critical Services to More Secure Locations – this mitigation action has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Provide Fee Waivers for Earthquake Retrofit Projects on Single Family Homes – this mitigation action to encourage residents and business owners to upgrade homes and buildings to mitigate earthquake impacts has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Identify All Labs Located in the City – this action item has been updated and carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP Update.

Medium Priority Mitigation Measures
Increase Earthquake Awareness - as this action item is an ongoing need, it has been included in the 2024-2029 LHMP Update.

Provide Emergency Tsunami Event Education and Outreach Materials for Retail, Hoel and Restaurant Establishments – this action item has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Coordinate with City of Berkeley and Oakland’s Offices of Emergency Services for LHMP Best Practices – this action item has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Become a Point of Distribution (POD) for both commodities and medical services – this was determined to not be feasible for a City the size of Emeryville.

Establish an Emeryville Medical Reserve Corps – this was also determined to not be feasible for a City the size of Emeryville.

Low Priority Mitigation Measures
Work with Red Cross to install smoke detectors in single family homes - this action item has been carried over to the 2024-2029 LHMP.

Provide location for Public Disposal of Batteries and Oil – this has been amended in the 2024-2029 LHMP Update to promote already existing locations in the County.

Provide Slow Water Releasing Bags to Residents for Newly Planted Trees - this action item was deemed no longer necessary.

Implement a Transfer Tax for Homebuyer – this action item was deemed not feasible for the City at this time.
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Put Window Film and/or Storm Windows on City Hall for energy efficiency and earthquake shatter prevention – Putting storm windows on City Hall was deemed cost prohibitive; however, putting film on City Hall windows to prevent shattering in the event of an earthquake has been carried over to the 2024-2029 plan update.

Encourage Renewables for Businesses By Giving Tax Breaks or Rebates – this mitigation action has been amended in the 2024-2029 update to provide information on grants (if available) to encourage renewable energy for businesses as opposed to giving tax breaks or rebates.

Build living levee or other protective measures in the Emeryville Crescent Marsh – this mitigation action item has been carried over to the 2024-2029 plan update.

Offer Geographic Information System (GIS) Resource Online – this action item has been modified and carried over to the 2024-2029 plan update.

Convert all 4 Railroad Tracks to Main Lines - this was determined to not be feasible at this time.

Establish Preparation and Response Protocols with Carleton College and Stanford Health to aid in the City as a POD During Disasters - Carleton College is no longer in operation and as determined above becoming a POD is not feasible for a City this size.

Shift to Smart Grid for Electricity Provision and Energy Needs - this is no longer an available option for the City.

Encourage Windmills in City via Public Outreach – this action item was determined not to be necessary or feasible.

Update Flood Plain Map for City – this action item has been carried over to the 2024- 2029 LHMP.

MITIGATION ACTIONS TO COMPLETE 2024 – 2029
There were 44 mitigation actions included in the 2019-2024 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

The Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Team reviewed these actions and identified any actions the City had taken since then.

The team then revised those actions where appropriate, established new actions, and evaluated these new actions for their feasibility, social benefits, economic benefits, environmental improvements and community objectives. Each action was assigned to a High, Medium, Low or Long Range/Already Being Done priority.

After reviewing the mitigation actions which have been completed since 2019, and in consideration of all the new residential and commercial development built or under City of Emeryville
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construction in the City since the previous plan, the City commits to explore funding for the following thirty-eight (38) mitigation ideas between the years 2024 - 2029. Funding may come from the General Fund, the Capital Improvement Plan (CIP), or from grants.

For grant-funded mitigation strategies, the project will be undertaken if, and when funding is secured.

The mitigation measures listed below in Table 3.3 (a) describe the actions the City may take, subject to funding availability and/or other agencies approvals, during the years 2024 - 2029. Table 3.3 (a) summarizes these actions, identifies the hazard(s) and mitigation objective(s) each action addresses, and indicates their assigned priority level of action. Funded actions will be included in the City’s Capital Improvement Plan (CIP).

Table 3.3 (a). Priority Actions in Mitigation Strategy
No.

Mitigation
Action
Hazard(s)
Addressed Benefits
Agency
Responsible Priority
Funding
Source Timeframe
1 Construct bio
swales and other
vegetative storm
water treatment
features for storm
water filtration
and flood
prevention
Flood
Manage high storm
water flows,
prevent flooding
due to sea level
rise
Public Works,
East Bay
Regional Park
District
High
General
Capital Fund,
Coastal
Conservancy
Grant
Ongoing,
1 – 5 Years
2 Install early
Earthquake
Warning System
in both fire
stations
Earthquake
Provide egress for
Fire Trucks in the
event of structural
damage to the Fire
Station
Fire
Department
Public Works
High
Grants,
General
Capital Fund
1 – 5 Years
3 Promote Mass
Notification
Systems (AC
Alert, Zonehaven
and MyShake)
All Hazards
Provide resources
to the community
and aid in
disseminating
information during
an emergency or
disaster.

Police
Department,
City Manager’s
Office
High
Disaster
Preparedness
Fund,
General Fund
Ongoing
4 Emergency
Operations
Center/Disaster
Training for all
City Staff and
City Council
All Hazards
Provide Emergency
and City personnel
with the ability to
aid and respond to
a disaster in the
Community
Alameda
County Fire
Department,
Police
Department,
City Manager’s
Office
High General Fund Ongoing,
1 – 5 Years
5 Police Substation All Hazards
Ensure redundancy
and resilience for
the City’s Police
Force and their
ability to respond
Police
Department,
Public Works
High General
Capital Fund
Ongoing,
1 – 5 Years
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No.

Mitigation
Action
Hazard(s)
Addressed Benefits
Agency
Responsible Priority
Funding
Source Timeframe
6 Continue
Increase
earthquake
preparedness
awareness to
residents in
single family
homes and multiunit buildings
Earthquake
Increases
community
emergency
preparedness and
resilience
Police
Department High General Fund Ongoing, 1 – 5 Years
7 Public address
system for
Peninsula
Earthquake
Flood
Tsunami
Allow for immediate
notification of
marina residents of
potential tsunami or
weather-related
events
Public Works High
General
Capital Fund,
Emergency
Preparedness
Fund, Grants
1 – 5 Years
8 Draft Recovery
plan for City All Hazards
Specific recovery
procedures for after
emergency events
All
Departments High Long Range
9 Place evacuation
route signs on
streets
All Hazards Inform community
evacuation actions Public Works High
General
Capital Fund
or Emergency
Preparedness
Fund
1 – 5 Years
10 Improve
Community
Emergency
Response Team
(CERT) training
program to
educate and train
community
members in
times of
emergency
All Hazards
Community relation
building, increase
community
emergency
preparedness
Police
Department,
Alameda
County
Fire
Department
High General Fund 1-5 Years
11 Work with
EBMUD to
update
infrastructure and
identify strategies
to protect water
supplies during
droughts and
disasters
Earthquake
Hazardous
Materials
Release,
Utility/Infras
tructure
Failure,
Climate
Change
Increase regional
adaptability to
drought and other
hazards; improve
resources and
stakeholder
response
EBMUD,
Public Works,
Police
Department
High EBMUD 1 – 5 Years
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No.

Mitigation
Action
Hazard(s)
Addressed Benefits
Agency
Responsible Priority
Funding
Source Timeframe
12 Movement of
critical services
to more secure
locations
All Hazards
Ensure accessibility
and preservation of
important utilities
and services
Information
Technology,
Police
Department
High
General
Fund,
General
Capital Fund
Long
Range
13 Provide fee
waivers for
Earthquake
Retrofit projects
on single family
homes
Earthquake
Encourage people
to upgrade homes
and buildings to
mitigate earthquake
impacts
Community
Development
Department
High No funding
required 1 – 5 Years
14 Update City web
page to reflect
information and
resources around
emergency
events and
natural disasters
All Hazards
Provide easy
access to
emergency
preparedness
information
Public Works,
Police
Department,
IT
High No funding
required 1 – 5 Years
15 Work with
Alameda County
Fire Department
to identify all labs
located in City
and develop list
of potential
impacts during
an emergency
event
All Hazards
Transparency of
where potential
hazardous
materials release
may occur during
emergency event
Alameda
County Fire
Department,
Police
Department
High No funding
required 1 – 5 Years
16 Public Safety
Microgrid All Hazards
Provide battery
backup for all
critical
infrastructure in the
City
Public Works High
Grants,
General
Capital Fund
Long
Range
17 Structural Update
and maintenance
of 2 pedestrian
bridges
Earthquake
Maintain the
integrity of the
bridges to
withstand an
earthquake
Public Works High
Grants,
General
Capital Fund
Long
Range
18 Seismic Update
to 4060 Hollis
Street
Earthquake
Increase the
building’s resilience
to an earthquake
Public Works High
Grants,
General
Capital Fund
Long
Range
19 Seismic update
to the Public
Works Corp Yard
and the Police
Administration
Building
Earthquake
Increase the
buildings’ resilience
to an earthquake
Public Woks High
Grants,
General
Capital Fund
Long
Range
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No.

Mitigation
Action
Hazard(s)
Addressed Benefits
Agency
Responsible Priority
Funding
Source Timeframe
20 Build living levee
or other
protective
measures in the
Emeryville
Crescent Marsh
Climate
Change
Reduce negative
impacts from sea
level rise
EBRPD,
Public Works,
Community
Development
Department,
Regional
Stakeholders
High Long
Range
21 Restoration/Build
up of wetlands
and the shoreline
against sea level
rise
Climate
Change
Reduce negative
impacts from sea
level rise
PW
Environmental
Program,
Community
Development
Department
High Long
Range
22 Conduct Citywide
storm drain
cleaning
Floods
Reduce flooding of
storm water system
and backflow.

Public Works Medium Operating
Budget Ongoing
23 Provide
emergency
tsunami event
education and
outreach material
for retail shops,
hotels, and
restaurants
Earthquake
Floods
Tsunami
Emergency
preparedness
Police
Department Medium
Disaster
Preparedness
Fund,
Grants
Ongoing
24 Relocate all
utilities
underground to
reduce further
City damage
Earthquake
Floods
Prevent additional
utility damages
during emergency
events.

Public Works Medium
Partial
funding from
General
Capital Fund
and PG&E
Long
Range
25 Reach out
annually to Cal
OES, the
California
Geological
Survey, and/or
FEMA for any
new data on best
practices for
tsunami
mitigation
measures for the
Emeryville
Marina and
Watergate
Community
Tsunamis
Resource sharing
and coordination to
increase the City
and community’s
resilience to
disasters
Police
Department,
Public works,
Community
Development
Department
Medium No funding
required Ongoing
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No.

Mitigation
Action
Hazard(s)
Addressed Benefits
Agency
Responsible Priority
Funding
Source Timeframe
26 Reduce
Emeryville’s
vulnerability to
severe storms
and associated
hazards through
proactive
research and
planning
Climate
Change,
Floods,
Extreme
Weather
Emergency
Preparedness,
Reduce recovery
costs
Public Works,
Community
Development
Department
Medium Grants,
General Fund 1 – 5 Years
27 Coordinate with
Alameda County
Office of
Emergency
Services
regarding their
plans for Points
of Distribution
(medical or
commodity)
during a disaster
Earthquake
Tsunami
Floods
Biological
Threats
Provide critical
services and
resources to
impacted
communities and
aid in the City’s
ability to quickly
respond to an
emergency or
disaster
Police
Department,
Alameda
County OES,
Alameda
County Fire
Department
Medium No funding
required Ongoing
28 Explore reducing
vulnerabilities to
non-city buildings
by developing a
retrofit program
for all noncompliant
unreinforced
masonry in
Emeryville
Earthquake Increase building
safety
Community
Development
Department
Medium Grants 1 – 5 Years
29 Alternate
Transportation
Climate
Change
Reduce GHG
emissions
Bikeshare,
PW
Environmental
Programs
Medium Traffic Impact
Fee Ongoing
30 Provide
information on
grants (if
available) to
encourage
renewable
energy for
businesses
Climate
Change
Incentivize positive
small business
actions around
sustainability
Community
Development
Department,
PW
Environmental
Services
Medium No funding
required 1 – 5 Years
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No.

Mitigation
Action
Hazard(s)
Addressed Benefits
Agency
Responsible Priority
Funding
Source Timeframe
31 Leverage
relationship with
Berkeley and
Oakland Offices
of Emergency
Services
All Hazards
Resource sharing
and coordination of
neighboring cities
to increase
emergency
response and
preparedness for
the city and for
residents
Police
Department Medium No funding required Ongoing
32 Promote
awareness of
Oakland and
Berkeley’s Public
Address Systems
until the City can
obtain one of
their own
All Hazards
Increase
dissemination of
emergency
information to
residents
Police
Department,
City Manager’s
Office
Medium No funding
required Ongoing
33 Public Address
System for the
City (emergency
sirens)
All Hazards
Increase the City’s
ability to notify
residents of an
emergency or
potential impending
disaster in a timely
manner
Public Works,
City Manager’s
Office,
Police
Department
Medium Grants,
Capital Fund
Long
Range
34 Work with Red
Cross to install
smoke detectors
in single family
homes
Fires
Hazardous
Materials
Release
Early detection of
fire and potential
chemical release
prevention
Community
Services Low No funding required 1 – 5 Years
35 Promote
locations of
public disposal of
hazardous
materials
(batteries, oil, ewaste)
Hazardous
Materials
Release
Climate
Change
Waste
reduction/diversion
PW
Environmental
Programs,
ACHHW
Low No funding
required Ongoing
36 Put window film
on City Hall
windows for
earthquake
shatter
prevention
Earthquake
Minimize
earthquake
damage
Public Works Low
Major
Maintenance
Fund,
Disaster
Preparedness
Fund,
Grants
1 – 5 Years
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No.

Mitigation
Action
Hazard(s)
Addressed Benefits
Agency
Responsible Priority
Funding
Source Timeframe
37 Provide links on
the City’s
webpage to
publicly available
GIS resources to
identify risk and
increase
knowledge of
earthquake and
flood prone
regions in the
City
Earthquake
Floods
Resource available
for residents to
identify areas at
risk and increase
knowledge of
earthquake and
flood prone regions
in the City
Public Works,
IT Low No funding required
Long
Range
38 Update Flood
Plain Map for
City
Floods
Climate
Change
Increase
awareness about
areas in the City
prone to flooding
FEMA Low No funding
required Ongoing
LIST OF CITY OF EMERYVILLE’S ASSETS AT RISK FOR ALL

APPLICABLE HAZARDS
Existing buildings, facilities, and critical assets indicated below are government-owned structures. Potential financial losses are based on December 2023 property value.

Identified hazards listed as most likely to impact relative asset is based on the geographical location of each structure, historical exposure to said hazards, and the vulnerability of each asset.

Table 3.3 (b). Assets at Risk
Structure Facility Type Address
Occupancy
(SQ. FT) Property Value
Hazard(s) most
likely to impact
Child Development
Center Community 1220 53rd Street 11,500 $4,696,863
Earthquake,
Terrorism,
Biological Threats
Civic Center Addition Government 1333 Park
Avenue 16,532 $8,330,952
Earthquake, Civil
Disturbance,
Terrorism
Civic Center (Old
Town Hall) Government 1333 Park Avenue 7,808 $3,868,167 Earthquake, Civil
Disturbance,
Terrorism
Veteran's
Memorial/Senior
Center
Community 4321 Salem
Street 14,183 $5,760,341
Earthquake,
Terrorism,
Biological Threats
Emeryville Amtrak
Station Transportation 5885 Horton Street 9,483 $3,215,184 Earthquake,
Floods, Utility
Infrastructure
Failure, Terrorism
Public Works
Corporate Yard Government 5679 Horton Street 48,000 $6,709,651 Hazardous Material
Release, Floods,
Utility Infrastructure
Failure
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Structure Facility Type Address
Occupancy
(SQ. FT) Property Value
Hazard(s) most
likely to impact
Marina Restrooms Community 3300 Powell
Street 600 $252,259 Earthquake
Marina Pier Community 3300 Powell
Street 6,500 $884,744 Climate Change
Fire Station #2 Emergency 6303 Hollis
Street 10,576 $3,783,549
Earthquake,
Climate Change,
Floods, Utility
Infrastructure
Failure, Terrorism
Fire Station #2 - Bio
Storage Building Emergency 6303 Hollis Street 2,600 $447,621 Earthquake,
Climate Changes,
Floods, Biological
Threats
Peninsula Fire Station Emergency 2333 Powell
Street 7,336 $3,258,966
Earthquake,
Climate Change,
Floods, Utility
Infrastructure
Failure, Terrorism
Police Station
Building - Police
Department
Emergency 2449 Powell
Street 12,746 $5,974,709
Earthquake,
Climate Change,
Terrorism, Civil
Disturbance
Public Art
Installations Community Various locations n/a $1,528,653 Earthquake, Fires, Floods Aggregate Bi/Rents Government Various
locations n/a $14,358,054
Earthquake, Fires,
Floods, Civil
Disturbance, Utility
Infrastructure
Failure
Contractors
Equipment Government Various locations n/a $288,000
Earthquake,
Hazardous Material
Release, Fires,
Floods, Utility
Infrastructure
Failure
Fleet Vehicles Government Various
locations n/a $5,058,142
Earthquake, Fires,
Floods, Civil
Disturbance,
Terrorism
Marina Public Docks Community 3310 Powell
Street 3,588 $203,271
Climate Change,
Floods, Utility
Infrastructure
Failure, Terrorism
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Structure Facility Type Address
Occupancy
(SQ. FT) Property Value
Hazard(s) most
likely to impact
Harbor Master Office Community 3310 Powell
Street 2,890 $658,340
Climate Change,
Floods, Civil
Disturbance
Marina Pump Station Community 3310 Powell
Street 156 $138,008
Earthquake, Utility
Infrastructure
Failure
Hong Kong East
Ocean Restaurant Community 3199 Powell Street 11,823 $4,238,428 Earthquake,
Climate Change,
Fires, Floods
Doyle/Hollis Park -
Restrooms Building Community 133 62nd Street 406 $169,637 Earthquake Community Center -
Modular Community 4300 San Pablo Ave 8,500 $1,536,901
Earthquake,
Terrorism,
Biological Threats
Warehouse Government 5890 Christie
Ave 16,304 $3,671,841 Earthquake, Fires, Floods, Terrorism Office Building Business 5900 Christie
Ave 14,416 $4,764,926
Earthquake, Fires,
Civil Disturbance,
Utility Infrastructure
Failure, Terrorism
Huchiun Park
Restroom Community
4311
Hubbard
Street
$250,000
Earthquake,
Hazardous
Materials Release,
Tsunami
In addition to the number of City owned facilities and assets listed in Table 3.3 (b), the City also provides community amenities that, in a local hazardous event, would be subjected to critical damage or loss. Specifically, these amenities pertain to the following.

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES
The City of Emeryville has a total of 28.73 acres of parks and open spaces. Parks and open spaces play a vital part in providing green spaces and recreational areas for the community.
61st Street Mini-Park 0.14 acres
Doyle Hollis Park 1.25 acres
Christie Avenue Park 1.29 acres
Community Gardens (3) 0.69 acres
Davenport Mini-Park 14 0.44 acres
Marina Park 7.56 acres
Hollis Green 0.69 acres
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Point Emery 1.37 acres
Shorebird Park 1.97 acres
Stanford Avenue Park 1.74 acres
Temescal Creek Park 0.70 acres
Emeryville Greenway 1.50 acres
Horton Landing Park 1.40 acres
Joseph Emery Skate Park 0.65 acres
San Francisco Bay Trail 3.31 acres
Parc on Powell 0.50 acres
Huchuin Park (public park + open space) 3.53 acres
ROADS
Roads and pathways are important assets as they provide connection points to different communities and areas of the City. Road value loss is estimated at $500,000 per road.104
36th Street 37th Street 39th Street 40th Street 41st Street 42nd Street 43rd Street 44th Street 45th Street 47th Street 48th Street 53rd Street 54th Street 55th Street 59th Street 61st Street 62nd Street 63rd Street 64th Street 65th Street 66th Street 67th Street
San Pablo Avenue Adeline Street Bay Street Beaudry Street Brunswig Lane Christie Avenue Doyle Street Emery Street Essex Street Frontage Road Halleck Street Harlan Street Haruff Street Haven Street Holden Street Hollis Street
Horton Street Hubbard Street Lacoste Street Ocean Avenue Overland Avenue Park Avenue Peabody Lane Peladeau Street Powell Street Salem Street Shellmound Street Shellmound Way Sherwin Avenue Stanford Avenue Steve Dain Drive Vallejo Street Watts Street Peralta Street Yerba Buena Avenue West MacArthur Boulevard 104 There is no accurate prediction of each road’s likelihood to be impacted by a particular hazard event.

Each road may experience multiple damages from different hazardous events or multiple roads can be impacted by one single event. Road damages are estimated based on estimated road length of 2 to 300 feet.

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BICYCLE / PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS
Doyle Street / Emeryville Greenway Christie Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Path Bay Bridge Bicycle/Pedestrian Path Joseph Emery Bicycle/Pedestrian Path Pedestrian Bridge at Amtrak Station South Bayfront Pedestrian Bridge

FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL ORDINANCES AND REGULATIONS
The City has enacted local ordinances and regulations to promote disaster mitigation, preparedness, response or recovery. Many City ordinances and programs are based on State requirements. These local ordinances and State regulations are listed below.

Seismic Hazard Mitigation Ordinance 95-001. Emeryville’s Seismic hazard mitigation ordinance was passed in 1995 to amend and clarify an earlier ordinance passed in 1990.

This ordinance applies only to unreinforced masonry buildings identified as potential seismic hazards. The mitigation measures contained in this ordinance are minimum measures only and cannot be applied to any building that is undergoing a change of occupancy. For unreinforced and under-reinforced buildings requiring building permits and/or undergoing a change of occupancy, the City has adopted Appendix A1 of the International Existing Building Code (IEBC).

Municipal Code, Title 4, Public Safety, Chapter 2: Emergency Plans. The declared purposes of this chapter are to provide for the preparation and carrying out of plans for the protection of person and property within the City in the event of a disaster and to provide for the coordination of the civil defense and disaster functions of the City with all other public agencies and affected private persons, corporations and organizations. Any expenditure made in connection with such civil defense and disaster activities, including mutual aid activities, shall be deemed conclusively to be for the direct protection and benefit if the inhabitants and property of the City.

Municipal Code, Title 9, Planning Regulations, Chapter 6, Article 7. The purpose of these regulations is to establish the criteria for the conversion of existing rental units to condominiums while ensuring that converted dwellings meet safety standards related to seismic retrofits and fire codes.

Municipal Code, Title 9, Planning Regulations, Chapter 5, Article 7: Hazardous Waste Facilities. Hazardous Waste Facility Projects may not be located within 200 feet of any active or recently active seismic fault; in an area with 25% or greater slope; or areas subject to liquefaction or subsidence unless the facility incorporates adequate engineered design features which assure structural stability; in an area of highly permeable soils or sediment; in a 100-year flood plain or an area subject to flooding by dam failure or tsunami. Hazardous waste facilities require a Major Conditional Use Permit from the Planning Commission.
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Public Resources Code Section 4291. PRC 4291 is the law requiring annual defensible space be provided around all structures in, upon, or adjoining any mountainous area, forest-covered lands, brush-covered lands, grass-covered lands, or any land that is covered with flammable material.

Public Resources Code, Title 14. These regulations provide additional fire prevention and suppression standards.

Public Resources Code Section 2694. PRC 2694 states that a person who is acting as an agent for a transferor or real property that is located within a seismic hazard zone, shall disclose to any prospective transferee the fact that the property is located within a seismic hazard zone.

Public Resources Code Section 2695 (a). Development in a liquefaction hazard zone requires adherence to the guidelines for evaluating and mitigating seismic hazards.

Municipal Code, Title 4, Public Safety, Chapter 5: Fire Code. Effective January 1, 2017, the City adopted The 2015 International Fire Code (IFC), as amended by the State and known as the 2016 California Fire Code (CFC), including Sections 102, 103, 104.9, 108, 113.2 and 503 (California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9) as published by the International Code Council (ICC) and the California Building Standards Commission. This code provides minimum standards for many aspects of fire prevention and suppression activities. These codes include provisions for access, water, supply, fire protections systems, industrial and commercial practices, and the use of fire-resistant building materials. The Fire Marshal is authorized to inspect, or cause to be inspected, all building occupancies within the jurisdiction, except for the private spaces of residential dwellings, for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the Uniform Fire Code.

Municipal Code, Title 8: Building Regulations. The Chief Building Official is authorized to issue a permit for construction of foundations or any other part of a building or structure before the construction documents for the whole building or structure have been submitted, provided that adequate information and detailed statements have been filed complying with pertinent requirements of this code. Minimum requirements that must be fulfilled before a partial permit may be issued include: all land use, site development foundation and special inspection issues shall have been resolved and a preliminary review has been completed; if applicable to the project, the Public Works Department shall have approved all site drainage and public works improvements including all applicable fees, encroachment permits, bonds, etc.; the Fire Marshal shall have approved all site development features such as access, fire hydrants, etc.; applicable soils reports, special inspection program form, calculations, hazardous materials, management plan and other information deemed by the Chief Building Official to be pertinent and necessary for the inspection of the work.

California Code of Regulations, Title 19. These regulations pertain to fire prevention and engineering measures for new construction.

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California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Article 10: Seismic Hazards Mapping.

These regulations shall govern the exercise of the city, county and state agency responsibilities to identify and map seismic hazard zones and to mitigation seismic hazards to protect public health and safety in accordance with the provisions of Public Resources Code, Section 2690 et seq.

Earthquake Safety and Public Buildings Rehabilitation Bond Act (Proposition 122).

In 1990, the State of California passed the Earthquake Safety and Public Rehabilitation Bond Act (Proposition 122). Up to $50 million was allocated for the seismic retrofit of essential services facilities. Many local governments and special districts have retrofitted their essential services buildings with local funds.

Assembly Bill 337 (Bates bill). This bill was passed in 1992 in response to the Oakland Hills, California urban wildfire of 1991. It requires brush clearance and fire-resistant roof material (Class A or B) to be used on all new construction that is located in areas designated as being in a “Very High Fire Severity Zone”.

California Civil Code 1103. This article mandates three natural hazard disclosures and consolidates these previously required disclosures onto a statutory form called the Natural Hazard Disclosure Statement (NHDS). This form is now a legally required part of most residential property transactions.

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act. The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act requires the State Geologist to identify earthquake fault zones along traces of both recently and potentially active major faults. The Alquist-Priolo Zones are usually one-quarter mile or less in width and proposed development plans within these fault zones must be accompanied by a geotechnical report prepared by a geologist describing the likelihood of surface rupture and other seismically induced hazards. The City of Emeryville is not located in an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Zone.

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and Guidelines. The CEQA was adopted by the State Legislature to provide public disclosure of the substantial adverse environmental effects of proposed development within the State. The CEQA Statutes and Guidelines (California Code of Regulations Title 14, Chapter 3, Section 15000, et seq.) includes the disclosure of and mitigation for safety hazards as environmental impacts.

Cobey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act. This act encourages local governments to plan, adopt and enforce land use regulations for floodplain management in order to protect people and property from flooding hazards. This act also identifies requirements which jurisdictions must meet in order to receive state and financial assistance for flood control.
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CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
This capabilities assessment is designed to identify existing local agencies, personnel, planning tools, public policy and programs, technology, and funds that have the capability to support hazard mitigation activities and strategies outlined in this plan.

The City of Emeryville has several key departments with resources to support the implementation of mitigation actions. These departments, along with County, State, Federal and private resources, offer a variety of planning, technical, policy, and staffing resources as summarized in Table 3.3 (c).

Type of
Resource
Resource
Name Ability to Support Mitigation Lead Personnel Web Address Plan
Resource
Emeryville
General Plan
Principal policy document that guides conservation,
development and change in the City. Identifies City
programs and policies as they pertain to land use,
public services, housing, natural resources, and
safety. The General Plan supports the
implementation of mitigation actions, and this Local
Hazard Mitigation Plan Update will be adopted as an
amendment to the Safety Element of the City’s
General Plan.

Community
Development
Department -
Planning
Department
http://www.emeryvill
e.org/385/GeneralPlan-andSupportingDocuments
Plan
Resource
Climate Action
Plan
The City of Emeryville's Climate Action
Plan adopted in 2008, and Climate Action 2.0
Adopted in November 2015 is a comprehensive
roadmap that outlines specific activities that the City will undertake to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Hazards identified in 2009 LHMP (and this LHMP) as
well as some mitigation strategies were incorporated
into the Climate Action 2.0 update.

Public Works
Department -
Environmental
Programs
http://emeryville.org/
338/Climate-ActionPlan
Plan
Resource
Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
This plan identifies the essential upgrades to
infrastructure and allocates funding to see these
improvements through. Mitigation ideas from the 2019
(and this) LHMP have been incorporated into the
current CIP.

Public Works
Department
http://www.emeryvill
e.org/DocumentCen
ter/View/8286/Capit
al-ImprovementProgram?bidId=
Plan
Resource
Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan
The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies the risks
from natural hazards present in the City and includes
strategies to reduce those risks. The City can
coordinate hazard mitigation activities with
neighboring cities as well as the county for a more
consistent and unified approach to hazard mitigation.

All Departments http://emeryville.org/
1106/Local-HazardMitigation-Plan
Policy
Resource
Building Code The Building Code specifies how new structures can be built. It includes the California Building Code, in
addition to any amendments made by the City of
Emeryville. Mitigation actions may involve amending
the Building Code to improve a building's safety or
structural stability.

Community
Development
Department -
Building Division
http://www.ci.emery
ville.ca.us/1017/Co
mmunityDevelopment
Policy
Resource
Zoning
Ordinance
The City's Zoning Ordinance translates plan policies
into specific use regulations, development standards
and performance criteria that govern development on
individual properties. The General Plan establishes
the policy framework while the Zoning Ordinance
prescribes standards, rules and procedures for
development.

Community
Development
Department -
Planning and
Building Divisions
http://www.ci.emery
ville.ca.us/1017/Co
mmunityDevelopment
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Type of
Resource
Resource
Name Ability to Support Mitigation Lead Personnel Web Address Personnel
Resource
Community
Development
Department
The Community Development Department has the
primary responsibility for administering the laws,
regulations, and requirements that pertain to the
physical development of the city, and for overseeing
the implementation of the City’s economic
development, housing, and public arts programs.

Mitigation activities related to planning and building
can be implemented by any and all of the three
Divisions.

Planning Division
Building Division
Economic
Development and
Housing Division
http://www.ci.emery
ville.ca.us/1017/Co
mmunityDevelopment
Personnel
Resource
Finance
Department
The Finance Department manages all financial
aspects of City operations - accounting, annual audit
requirements, tracking and accounting for all
purchase orders, accounts payable, accounts
receivable and business licenses. The department
may be responsible for implementing mitigation
actions related to the department's scope before,
during and after a disaster.

Finance Department
- Finance Director
http://emeryville.org/
119/Finance
Personnel
Resource
Human
Resources
Department
The Human Resources Department is responsible for
staff recruitment and selection, classification and
compensation, employee and labor relations, payroll,
employee benefits, health and wellness and some
aspects of risk management.

Human Resources
Department - HR
Director and
Emergency
Preparedness
Coordinator
http://www.emeryvill
e.org/121/HumanResources
Personnel
Resource
Police
Department
The Police Department protects life and property,
maintains law and order, seeks solutions to
neighborhood problems that adversely affect the
quality of life, fosters a community spirit of
cooperation and adherence to laws of our society.

The Police Department is also the lead department for
the City’s Emergency Preparedness Program and in
conjunction with the Alameda County Fire Department
provides training on emergency preparedness to City
staff and the community. Mitigation activities may be
implemented by the Police Department.

Police Department -
Chief of Police
http://www.emeryvill
e.org/123/Police
Financial
Resource
Disaster
Reserve Fund
The purpose of the Disaster Reserve Fund is to
provide funding in response to a disaster or other
imminent or emergency event for which a declaration
of a state of emergency has or could be declared.

Finance Department
- Finance Director
http://www.emeryvill
e.org/376/Budget
Technical
Resources
Emergency
Preparedness
Page on City
Website
The City has a Disaster Preparedness Page on its
website for residents. The Earthquake Information
Page includes information on Disaster Supply Kits,
Emergency Alert Notifications, Creating a Disaster
Plan, Emergency Response Training, Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan, Climate Action Plan and Earthquake
Information.

Police Department http://www.emeryvill
e.org/86/DisasterPreparedness
Community
and
Mitigation
Outreach
Building
Department
The City promotes the Earthquake Brace + Bolt
program for homeowners on the Building Division
Website. The Earthquake Brace and Bolt Program
also has promotional information for residents which
will be made available at the Front Counter in City
Hall and on the City's website.

Building Department www.earthquakebra
cebolt.com
Personnel
and
Technical
Resource
Community
and
Mitigation
Outreach
Alameda County
Fire
Department
The City contracts with the Alameda Fire Department
for comprehensive fire services to protect and
safeguard life, environment, and property including
"all risk" services that mitigate the effects of fire,
injury, illness, urban search and rescue, water rescue, hazardous materials, storm, human-caused calamity
and natural disasters. The department works closely
with the City and provides technical assistance and
training on disaster preparedness for City staff and
the community.

Alameda County
Fire Department -
Fire Chief
http://www.emeryvill
e.org/120/Fire
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Type of
Resource
Resource
Name Ability to Support Mitigation Lead Personnel Web Address Technical
Resource
Alameda County
Sheriff's
Office of
Emergency
Services (ACSO
OES)
The Alameda County Sheriff's Office of Emergency
Services provides guidance on disaster preparedness
activities to jurisdictions in the County.

Alameda County
Sheriff's Office
https://www.alamed
acountysheriff.org/c
ws_oes.php
Plan
Resource
Alameda County
Hazard
Mitigation Plan
The purpose of this plan is to identify the natural
hazards in the County, determine how they will impact
the community, and develop strategies to lessen the
effect of those hazards and create a more disaster
resilient Alameda County.

Alameda County https://lhmp.acgov.o
rg

Plan
Resource
Alameda County
General
Plan
The County's General Plan is a long-range policy
document approved by the Board of Supervisors to
guide physical, economic, and environmental growth
in the County. The plan includes policies intended to
reduce hazards and disasters in Alameda County.

Alameda County https://www.acgov.o
rg/cda/planning/gen
eralplans/index.htm

STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES
Technical
Resource
California
Department of
Transportation
(Caltrans)
Caltrans has jurisdiction over state-designated
highways, including Highway 80, which bisects the
City in two. The City can work with Caltrans on
making the highway more resilient and developing an
evacuation for the Peninsula residents and
businesses if the highway overpass should be
compromised.

Caltrans http://www.dot.ca.go
v/
Technical
and
Financial
Resource
California Office
of
Emergency
Services
This state agency provides guidance on hazard
mitigation planning activities in California, as well as information on reducing risk for residents, businesses, and governments. It also provides notification of
funding opportunities for hazard mitigation activities.

CalOES Mitigation
Planning Division
http://www.caloes.c
a.gov/Cal-OESDivisions/HazardMitigation
Technical
and
Financial
Resource
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency (FEMA)
This federal agency provides guidance for hazard
mitigation activities and distributes federal funding for hazard mitigation grants and recovery efforts after a
declared disaster.

FEMA http://www.fema.gov
/mutli-hazardmitigation-planing
Technical
and
Financial
Resource
Bay Area Urban
Areas Security
Initiative (BA
UASI)
The Bay Area Urban Areas Security Initiative sustains
and improves regional capacity to prevent, protect
against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from
terrorist attacks and catastrophic disasters. BAUASI
also administers the Homeland Security Grant
Program.

BAUASI http://www.bayarea
uasi.org/

SPECIAL DISTRICTS AND PRIVATE RESOURCES
Technical
Resource
East Bay
Regional Park
District
(EBRPD)
East Bay Regional Park District owns and manages
the Lake Temescal Dam.

EBRPD https://www.ebparks
.org
Technical
Resource
Pacific Gas &
Electric
The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) owns
the electricity and natural gas transmission and
distribution systems in the City of Emeryville. It also provides natural gas service and some electrical
service to the community. PG&E Can work with the
City to reduce the vulnerability of energy infrastructure to natural hazards.

PG&E https://www.pge.co
m/
Technical
Resource
East Bay
Municipal Utility
District
(EBMUD)
EBMUD owns and operates the water distribution
system or the City of Emeryville. EBMUD can work
with the City to reduce the vulnerability of the water
infrastructure to natural hazards.

EBMUD https://www.ebmud.
com/water/
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MITIGATION PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (Update 2024). The intent of the Local Hazard Mitigation plan is to reduce or prevent injury, death and damage from hazards in the City. It identifies past and present mitigation activities, current policies and programs, and mitigation strategies for the future. This plan also guides hazard mitigation activities by establishing hazard mitigation goals and objectives.

General Plan. The City of Emeryville General Plan, adopted in 2009, includes a chapter on “Conservation, Safety and Noise” which serves as the Safety Element of the plan. The plan also includes a chapter on “Sustainability” which outlines sustainable design measures and policies the City can undertake to reduce its contribution to global climate change, minimize its reliance on foreign oil and other fossil-fuel sources, and decrease consumption of natural resources. The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan has been adopted as an amendment to the Safety Element of the General Plan.

Climate Action Plan. The City of Emeryville’s Climate Action Plan adopted in 2008, and Climate Action Plan 2.0 Adopted in November 2016 is a comprehensive roadmap that outlines specific activities that the City will undertake to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hazards identified in the 2009 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and the 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update were taken into consideration when developing Climate Action Plan 2.0.

Capital Improvement Program Fiscal Years 2023 – 2028. The current Capital Improvement Program (CIP) was adopted by council in June 2023. Several projects in the CIP were derived from mitigation strategies identified in the 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Program for Seismic Retrofit for Wood-Framed Dwellings. The City of Emeryville has established a program to encourage owners of one and two-family, wood-framed residential structures to seismically upgrade their properties. Emeryville property owners may purchase, from the Emeryville Building Division, a pamphlet and a drawing that will help them to install simple seismic retrofit measure to their buildings. This drawing may be used by a licensed contractor or by a skilled homeowner who wishes to take out an owner/builder permit. The permit applicant needs to provide a basic foundation plan of the structure to be retrofitted.

Earthquake Brace + Bolt. In 2016, the City was approved by the California Residential Mitigation Program Board members to be included in the 2016 expansion of the Earthquake Brace + Bolt Program (EBB). Beginning January 1, 2016, this program provides up to $3,000 to homeowners who brace and bolt their homes in accordance with the program rules. This program is for a limited duration.

Fire Prevention Education Program. The City contracts with Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD) to provide fire services to the City. ACFD offers a public information and education program that promotes public awareness of the significance of Fire/Safety 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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prevention measures. This program enables the public to be better prepared when an emergency fire situation occurs.

Emergency Preparedness Education Program. Alameda County Fire Department also offers a variety of training in Emergency Preparedness. These trainings are topic based and are geared towards increasing the awareness, preparedness, and capability of all community members within the City of Emeryville. The goals of these training programs are to increase the City’s and the community’s capability to mitigate against, prepare for, response to, and recover from disasters. Program offerings include Personal Emergency Preparedness (PEP) and Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) trainings.

LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Emeryville’s land use transformation over the past 15 years since the last General Plan was adopted has been extensive. Formerly dominated by manufacturing and distribution, the City is now marked by the recent development of research and development spaces, multi-story residential developments, as well as mixed-use developments. Emeryville is a built-out city, necessitating new development from the reuse of existing underutilized sites and buildings.

Emeryville's Planning Regulations contain 16 base zoning districts, including three residential districts and one mixed-use residential district. Unlike in most traditional zoning ordinances, the City maintains a map-based system of building intensity (floor area ratio (FAR)), residential density, and building height regulations, which are part of the General Plan. This system - where building heights, residential densities, and FARs are not linked to underlying land uses - is an excellent approach for a city of Emeryville's size, allowing molding of urban form based on geographic and location considerations. Thus, the City's zoning regulations - which regulate what gets built on the ground - reflect an intense, mixed, and in some instances a tall city as suggested by the General Plan.

Consequently, the Emeryville emerging from the zoning ordinance reflects the broad vision for the community presented in the General Plan.

Almost all of the Bayfront and freeway edge area west of the railroad tracks has been redeveloped over the past 50 years. Much of this space is devoted to retail uses in largescale developments, such as Bay Street, IKEA, the Public Market, and the Powell Street Plaza all of which serve a regional clientele. As the date of this plan, almost no industrial uses remain in this area. Residential developments to the west of the tracks (Watergate Condominiums, Pacific Park Plaza, Avenue 64, Artistry, Bay Street, Emme, Marketplace Parcel D and recently added Bay Center Apartments) are large in size and high in density, comprising about 3,348 housing units – more than half of the housing in the City.

Because Emeryville is largely flat, topography does not play a factor in the City’s land use pattern. Transportation corridors, however, do split the City into several sub-districts.

The main divisions are I-80 and the railroad, and to a smaller extent Powell Street.

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Interstate-580 separates Emeryville from Oakland along the Southern City limits, although a portion of the area north of I-580 is in Oakland.

CITYWIDE LAND USE GOALS AND POLICIES105
GOALS
(a) Land Use
LU-G-1: An overall balance of uses. Employment, residential, cultural, destination and local retail-as well as a full range of amenities and services necessary to support a vibrant community.

LU-G-2: A mixed-use city. Mixed-use development in various parts of the city, with the range of permitted and required uses varying to meet the needs of specific districts and neighborhoods.

LU-G-3: Community activity centers. Centers that combine residential, retail, office, and public uses to create areas of identity and activity for residents and visitors.

LU-G-4: A mix of housing types. A diversity of housing types to accommodate a variety of household sizes and incomes.

LU-G-5: Preservation of residential neighborhoods. Residential use, structures, lowrise scale, and character of the Triangle, Doyle Street, and Watergate neighborhoods preserved, and the scale of other areas of stability maintained.

LU-G-6: Vibrant new mixed-use center. Intensification of existing underutilized commercial centers with surface parking (such as Powell Street Plaza and East Bay Bridge Center) as vibrant, multi-story, walkable mixed-use destinations with structured parking and open space.
(b) Height and Intensity
LU-G-7: A varied skyline. With the highest intensities/heights grouped in the Powell Street/Christie Avenue area, with heights stepping down from this urban core.

LU-G-8: Uninterrupted sunlight in key areas. During designated periods on all major parks. Adequate sunlight on sidewalks, streets, especially in Neighborhood Centers with other key public gathering areas.
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LU-G-9: Appropriately scaled buildings. Heights and massing that do not appear monolithic.

LU-G-10: Maximum sky exposure. For streets and public spaces, and minimal view disruptions.
(c) Economic Development
LU-G-11: A wide range of economic activity. An economy that capitalizes on Emeryville’s central location, strengthens the City’s tax base, and ensures that Emeryville has adequate fiscal resources to fund high quality public services for its residents and businesses.

LU-G-12: Successful businesses. Retain and foster the growth of Emeryville businesses.

LU-G-13: Local employment opportunities. Encourage establishment of businesses that will employ and serve Emeryville residents.

POLICIES
(a) Land Use
LU-P-1. Land uses will be consistent with the Land Use Classifications in Section 2.4 and the Land Use Diagram, Figure 2-2 of the General Plan.

LU-P-2. The Powell / Christie / Shellmound / I-80 core area will be developed into a compact but high-intensity regional transit hub. This hub will include a retail core, with stores, restaurants, and hotels; a financial and commercial center, creating a daytime work population; and a residential neighborhood providing vitality during non-work hours.

LU-P-3. The northern (north of Powell) and southern halves of the Powell/Christie core area shall be integrated and connected, and the district shall be walkable, with small blocks, pedestrian orientated streets and connections to surroundings.

LU-P-4. Park Avenue (west of Hollis Street), Hollis Street (between 61st and midblock between 65th and 66th streets), Powell Street/Captain Drive, and San Pablo Avenue (between 36th and 47th streets) will be developed as walkable, mixed use neighborhood centers, with an array of amenities and services-including stores, restaurants and cafes, galleries and office uses – to serve neighborhood needs, with community serving uses and active building frontages that engage pedestrians at the ground level.

LU-P-5. Retail uses shall be concentrated in areas with Neighborhood or Regional Retail overlays, near neighborhood centers, and in the Emeryville Marketplace.

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LU-P-6. The current deficiency of park and open space will be addressed by making parkland acquisition a high priority by the City, and by working with private landowners to secure these areas through development incentives, land swaps other mechanisms.

LU-P-7. Existing uses on sites designated for large community parks along Hollis Street shall remain as conforming uses, until such time as these sites are acquired by or dedicated to the City.

LU-P-8. Live/Work uses will be permitted in all land use designations except Public Parks/Open Space, and Marina. In the Industrial district west of Hollis Street, only “heavy live/work-involving”, for example manufacturing, welding or assembly will be permitted.

LU-P-9. Zoning measures will ensure health and safety compatibility for industrial uses bordering residential uses.
(b) Height and Intensity
LU-P-10. Maximum building height will be defined by the Maximum Building Heights diagram in Figure 4.2 of the General Plan.

LU-P-11. Maximum floor area ratios (FARS) and residential densities for sub-areas of the City, will be defined by Figure 2-3 and 2-6 respectively in the General Plan.

LU-P-12. Bulk standards will be defined in the Zoning Ordinance, with particular emphasis on zones where taller buildings are permitted.

LU-P-13. Building heights will step down to the east and west from Powell/Christie core; buildings taller than 55 feet are permitted east of Hollis Street. The height and scale of existing development (30 feet maximum) in the Doyle Street and Triangle neighborhoods will be maintained.

LU-P-14. Heights greater than 100 feet are only permitted for buildings that meet specific criteria, such as minimal impacts on public views, sky exposure, wind, and shadows, adequate separation from other tall buildings, and exemplary design, and/or provide public amenities, through a discretionary review and approval process.

LU-P-15. Buildings in all districts shall be required to step down to meet permitted heights in adjacent lower-rise districts.

LU-P-16. A point-based system will be established for intensity, height and density bonus, as well as review and approval process.
(c) Policies for Specific Areas
LU-P-17. The area round the Amtrak station shall be developed with pedestrian and bicycle amenities, and transit-supportive uses, through measures such as reduced 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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parking requirement, incorporation of public parking in developments, and accounting for transit proximity when considering height and FAR bonuses.

LU-P-18. The reuse of the Sherwin Williams site shall include a mix of residential and nonresidential uses with ample open space, centered on an extension of the Emeryville Greenway connecting the Horton Landing Park and the Park Avenue District.

LU-P-19. The relocation of the AC Transit facility will be pursued. Alternative community uses if/when the facility relocates will be studied.

LU-P-20. Along San Pablo Avenue, neighborhood-oriented retail establishments that may serve a regional clientele as well with housing above will be promoted. Development adjacent to residential uses in the Triangle neighborhood shall be in keeping with the scale and character of the residential uses.

LU-P-21. The East Bay Bridge, Powell Street Plaza, and Marketplace shopping centers shall be intensified by consolidating parking into structures and converting surface parking lots into residential and mixed-use development-including retail, hotels, and offices; expanding the City street grid through the sites; and developing new parks and public open space. Future redevelopment of these shopping centers should include at least as much retail space as existed when this General Plan was adopted.

LU-P-22. In the short term, landscaping and facades in the East Bay Bridge Shopping Center should be upgraded.

LU-P-23. The Powell Street Plaza site shall be encouraged to redevelop as a high intensity, high-rise, mixed-use development that complements the Powell Street entrance to the city from the freeway.

LU-P-24. The Marketplace and adjacent parcels shall be encouraged to redevelop with a mix of uses, and iconic mid to high-rise development.

LU-P-25. If new residential buildings are proposed adjacent to freeways and railroad tracks impacts of these corridors, including noise, vibration, air pollution, should be considered during site planning. Noise, vibration, and air pollution shall be mitigated to the extent possible.
(d) Economic Development
LU-P-26. A mix of retail that draws local customers as well as patrons from the general Bay Area shall be encouraged.

LU-P-27. A diversity of commercial uses to insulate the City’s fiscal base from downturns in particular markets shall be maintained.

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LU-P-28. The City will pursue retail uses that will serve the need of Emeryville resident, and encourage these uses to locate in the Neighborhood centers.

LU-P-29. The City will encourage the development and retention of small business, startup firms, partnership incentives, and buildings that accommodate these businesses.

LU-P-30. The City will encourage development of dynamic, leading edge industries, based in high technology, medical/bio engineering, bio technology, and media that provide good quality jobs with the potential for career advancement.

LU-P-31. The City will encourage development of existing Emeryville businesses with the object of retaining and expanding employment opportunities and strengthening the tax base. Provide assistance to existing businesses that may be displaced by new development to relocate in Emeryville.

LU-P-32. The City will work existing Emeryville businesses, Chamber of Commerce, and others to address the City’s economic needs and stimulate growth.

On the following two pages are Emeryville’s General Plan land use map indicating where the General Plan allows various future uses, and a diagram that designates the areas of change and stability throughout the City. Areas of change are those parts of the City that have a heightened potential for redevelopment over the next 20 years because of current land uses and intensity of development, while areas of stability are those parts of the City that are not anticipated to change significantly in character, land use or development intensity over the next 20 years. This map also indicates master plan areas, which are likely to change over the next 20 years, but that have already been approved by the City Council either through the entitlement of Planned Unit Developments (PUD), or the adoption of an area plan that includes a vision for the future character of the area. 2024-2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
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Figure 3.7 (a). City of Emeryville General Plan Land Use Diagram106 Figure 3.7 (b). City of Emeryville Areas of Change and Stability - 2009107 106 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. City of Emeryville Planning Division. October 2009. Web. 13 Apr. 2017. http://emeryville.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1016. 107 City of Emeryville. Emeryville General Plan. City of Emeryville Planning Division. October 2009. Web. 13 Apr. 2017. http://emeryville.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1016.

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PLAN MAINTENANCE
Emeryville Amtrak Station

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PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
The City of Emeryville 2024 - 2029 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan will be reviewed by CalOES and FEMA for consideration. After receiving an “Approval Pending Adoption” determination from FEMA, the Plan will be presented to the Planning Commission and the Emeryville City Council in public hearings for final adoption.

In April 2021 and May 2022, the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator convened a meeting to review any new land development, mitigation activities or hazards identified in the City since the approval of the plan in 2019 using a City of Emeryville Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review – Crosswalk. Participants in these meetings included the City Manager, the Community Development Director and the Public Works Director.

To ensure that the mitigation strategies in the 2024-2029 LHMP are implemented as envisioned, and to review any new hazards data as it becomes available, going forward the Community Development Director or their designee will monitor the mitigation measures, and annually review the plan in partnership with the City Manager’s Office and the Public Works Department.

The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is a living document. It will be reviewed by the abovementioned staff after every major disaster, who will propose amendments, when deemed necessary. If amendments are needed, staff will commence the public planning process as well as public hearings. The amended plan would then be submitted to CalOES and FEMA for final approval.

To track the implementation of the plan over time, the Community Development Director or their designee will engage with stakeholders on a timely basis to ensure plan implementation is ongoing and is achieving its stated purpose and goals. In order to continue discussion and participation from the public, periodic social media updates on the City’s website, and social media accounts will serve to inform the community of any updates and mitigation action progress.

The 2024 – 2029 Plan will be placed on the City’s website and the public will be able to comment or make inquiries throughout the plan period. In addition, the City will continue with education opportunities during this period to keep citizens informed of the natural and man-made hazards Emeryville faces and what the City is doing to reduce the risks from those hazards. The City will also publish a community survey on an annual basis.

The City will integrate the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan into existing plans and programs where appropriate and is included in the Safety Element of the City’s General Plan.

The Emeryville Local Hazard Mitigation Plan will be reviewed and revised once every five (5) years. The Community Development Director will be the Project Manager for the update. The next version of the Plan will be adopted by the City in 2029.

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APPENDIX A
Emeryville Center of Community Life

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CITY OF EMERYVILLE PLANNING PROCESS 2019 - 2024 UPDATE
Date Event Type Participants Purpose
4/5/21 LHMP Annual Crosswalk
City Manager, Public Works
Director, Community Development
Director and Emergency
Preparedness Coordinator
To review the LHMP and
update any changes that
have occurred and will need
to be included in the 2024-
2029 update.
5/16/22 LHMP Annual Crosswalk
City Manager, Public Works
Director, Community Development
Director and Emergency
Preparedness Coordinator .

To review the LHMP and
update any changes that
have occurred and will need
to be included in the 2024-
2029 update
10/04/23 Strategy meeting for LHMP
Update
City Manager, Assistant City
Manager, HR Director, HR
Management Analyst - Annuitant
To discuss the LHMP
update
10/12/23 Project Managers for LHMP
Update meeting
Assistant City Manager and
Human Resources Management
Analyst – Annuitant
To discuss the LHMP
update and next steps
needed
10/23/23 Email to Community
Services Staff for referrals
Community Services Director and
Recreation Supervisor for Youth
Programs
Seeking a referral to
individuals or organizations
that work with underserved
communities to join our
planning team
10/26/23
Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan Public Opinion Survey
posted to City website;
Emails to City listservs were
sent with a link to the
website and survey
Community Members and City
Employees
Request for community and
City staff input on hazards in
the City
11/7/23 Survey Closes Community Members Obtain community’s input on hazards facing the City
11/29/23
Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan Update Kick-Off
Meeting
City of Emeryville staff,
representative from Alameda
County Fire, and two members of
the community
To discuss the LHMP
update, why we are doing it,
and what we need to update
the plan
1/8/24
2 nd Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan Update Planning
Team Meeting
City of Emeryville staff,
representative from Alameda
County Fire, and three members
of the community
To review previously
identified hazards and any
new hazards we may wish
to include in our plan
1/10/24 Email from Planning Team
Community Member Email from Louse Engel
Providing information to
contribute to the LHMP
committee knowledge base
toward ranking categories
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Date Event Type Participants Purpose
1/29/24 LHMP Update Project
Coordinators Check-in
Assistant City Manager and HR
Management Analyst - Annuitant
To discuss next steps in the
planning process
2/5/24
Email to Environmental
Programs Supervisor in
Public Works
Emailed Nancy Humphrey, PW
Environmental Programs
Supervisor in Public Works
To request she attend the
next planning team meeting
to help identify mitigation
ideas for Climate Change
2/13/24
3 rd Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan Update Planning
Team Meeting
City of Emeryville Staff and two
community members
Continue to review the
identified hazards and rank
them by priority
3/6/24
4 th Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan Update Planning
Team Meeting
City of Emeryville Staff and two
community members
To review the status of
previous mitigation ideas,
identify new mitigation ideas
and to categorize them by
priority and funding source
3/6/24 Email to PW Environmental
Programs Supervisor
Emailed Nancy Humphrey, Public
Works Environmental Programs
Supervisor
To request a list of
programs or processes the
City has implemented to
mitigate or deal with Climate
Change sine 2019
3/7/24 LHMP Check-in with Project
Coordinators
Assistant City Manager and HR
Management Analyst
To review the results of the
March 6th Planning Team
meeting and discuss next
steps
3/8/24
Email to California
Department of
Conservation Regarding
updates to Tsunami
Playbook for Emeryville
Email to Jacqueline Bott, PG,
CEG, Engineering Geologist, with
the California Geological Survey
Tsunami Unit
To see if there were any
updates to the Tsunami
Playbook for the City of
Emeryville
3/8/24 Emailed City of Berkeley Sent email to the mitigation group at the City of Berkeley
Emailed City of Berkeley
with our identified hazards
and request a list of their
outside agency contacts
3/8/24 Emailed Operation Dignity
Sent email to Tomika Perkins at
Operation Dignity with our
prioritization of mitigation ideas
and priority rankings of hazards
To obtain input about our
mitigation ideas and how
they could impact the
underserved community
3/13/24
Sent email to City
Emergency Preparedness
Coordinator
Sent email to Lt. Fred Dauer, City
of Emeryville Emergency
Preparedness Coordinator
Forwarded the 2020
Maritime Playbook for
Berkeley and Emeryville and
the new California Tsunami
Evacuation Playbook for
Emeryville (updated May
2023)
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Date Event Type Participants Purpose
3/14/24 Surveys posted on City
Website
Sent out a NewsFlash with a link
to two surveys on our website
Notice to the community of
two surveys posted on the
City’s website one for the
proposed hazards identified
in the LHMP and the
mitigation ideas proposed to
address those hazards
3/17/24 Email to EBMUD Email to Steven Frew and Lilian
Leung at EBMUD
To obtain information on
other public agencies’ local
hazards response and
mitigation strategies and to
review our section on
EBMUD.
3/17/24 Email to City of Berkeley
Mitigation Group
Email to Sara Lana at City of
Berkeley
To inquire if they have a
new contact at Kinder
Morgan
3/21/24 Email to PW Environmental
Programs Supervisor
Nancy Humphrey, Environmental
Programs Supervisor for City of
Emeryville
To review our section on
Climate Change and obtain
her input
3/23/24
Manned an Information
Table at the Healthy
Families Festival and Egg
Hunt
Lori Elefant and Shareena Perena
from Human Resources
To provide education on and
obtain input from the
community on the city’s
LHMP hazards and
identified mitigation ideas for
the update
4/10/24 Email to Chief Building
Official
Email to Vic Gonzales, Chief
Building Official for City of
Emeryville
To obtain his input for our
sections in on Soft Story
structures and URMs.
4/10/24 Follow up email to EBMUD Emailed Lilian Leung and David Cook at EBMUD
To follow up on our request
to review and update our
section on EBMUD in our
LHMP.
4/10/24 Email to IT Director Email to Michael Parenti, IT Director for City of Emeryville
To request input on the
City’s telecommunications
and mitigation strategies we
have implemented for
Cybersecurity
4/10/24 Email to Alameda County
Fire Department
Email to Randall West, Deputy
Fire Chief at Alameda County Fire
Department
To request his review and
input on our section on
Urban Fires in our LHMP
4/12/24 Email to PG&E Email to Les Putnam, Senior
Public Safety Specialist at PG&E
To request his review of our
section on PG&E and their
mitigation activities since
2019
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Date Event Type Participants Purpose
4/12/24 Email to Comcast
Emailed Sena Fitzmaurice, Senior
Vice President of Government
Communications
To request a review of our
section on Comcast and any
mitigation activities since
2019
4/17/24 LHMP Check-in with Project
Coordinators
Assistant City Manager and HR
Management Analyst – Annuitant
To discuss next steps in our
planning process
4/17/24 Email to Kinder Morgan Email to John Rocha at Kinder Morgan
To request review and input
on our sections on
Earthquakes and Hazard
Material Releases and the
Kinder Morgan Jet Fuel Line
4/17/24 Email to Cal Trans Email to Cal Trans District 4 To request review and input
on our section on key
transportation partners in
our Earthquake Hazards
Analysis
4/17/24 Email to BART Email to
[email protected]
To request review and input
on our section on key
transportation partners in
our Earthquake Hazards
Analysis.
4/17/24 Email to Planning
Department Staff
Email to Associate Planner in the
Planning Division
To request updated
information on the housing
developments that are
located within a block of the
railroad tracks
4/17/24 Email to LHMP Update
Planning Team LHMP Planning Team
Emailed spreadsheets of
our identified mitigation
ideas to the planning team
to evaluate and rate the
ideas on their feasibility,
social benefits, economic
benefits, environmental
improvement benefits and
Community Objectives.
4/24/24 Email to PW Environmental
Programs Supervisor Email to Nancy Humphrey
To obtain review and input
on our section on Sea Level
Rise in the Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan.
4/24/24 Email to PW Director Email to Mohammed Alaoui
To request a review and
update to our section in the
plan on Sanitary Sewers
and Storm Drains
4/24/24 Email to Assistant City
Manager Email to Pedro Jimenez
To clarify if coal was going
by train through the City of
Emeryville
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Date Event Type Participants Purpose
5/7/24 Follow up email to Kinder
Morgan
Second email to John Rocha at
Kinder Morgan
To request review and input
on our sections on
Earthquakes and Hazard
Material Releases and the
Kinder Morgan Jet Fuel Line
5/7/24 Email from LHMP Planning
Team Member Email from Louise Engel
Email advising that at her
HOA on 5/3 sent an email
blast to all residents with the
City survey links to
comment on the LHMP
Update
5/8/24 5
th LHMP Update Team
Meeting
City of Emeryville staff,
representative from Alameda
County Fire, and two members of
the community
Reviewed the outcomes of
our evaluations of the
identified Mitigation ideas
and finalized their priority
ranking.
5/8/24 Email to PW Director Emailed Mohamed Alaoui,
Emeryville PW Director
To obtain update on status
of building a bioswale
5/8/24 Emailed to Planning
Division
Email to Planning Division staff
member and Community
Development Director
To obtain update on the
parks, roads, bicycle paths
ad pedestrian walkways in
the City
5/9/24 Email from Planning Team
Community Member Email from Louise Engel
Email with proposed text
revisions/additions to the
LHMP section on sea level
rise
5/10/24 Email to PW Director Email to Mohamed Alaoui
To ask about a mitigation
idea for the shoreline
proposed by community
member
6/12/24 Email to Planning Division Email to Planning Division Staff To request a review of Land
Use and Development
Trends in the City for their
comment and update
6/12/24 Email to Kinder Morgan Follow Up Email to John Rocha at Kinder Morgan
To request review and input
on our sections on
Earthquakes and Hazard
Material Releases and the
Kinder Morgan Jet Fuel Line
6/12/24 Email to PG&E Email to Les Putnam, Senior
Public Safety Specialist
Email to request information
on PG&E and Emeryville
6/12/24 Emailed BART Email to
[email protected]
Email to BART regarding
the retrofit of the Transbay
Tube and if it was
completed
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Date Event Type Participants Purpose
6/12/24 Email to Caltrans Email to [email protected] Email to Caltrans regarding the I-80 overpass
6/12/24 Email to IT Director Email to Mike Parenti
To obtain update on City’s
phone provider and data
services and what the City
has done to combat
cyberterrorism
6/13/24 Email to PW Director Email to Mohamed Alaoui
To review and comment on
our section on Sanitary
Sewers and Storm Drains
6/15/24 Email to IT Director Email to Mike Parenti
To follow up on what the
City has done to address
Cyberterrorism
6/17/24 Email to East Bay Regional
Park District
Email to Alma Balmes, Risk
Manager for EBRPD
To request review and
comment on our section on
Dam Failure and the Lake
Temescal Dam
6/24/24 Email to Planning Division Email to Planning Division Staff Follow up email to our
request for update on the
City’s parks and open
spaces, roads, bicycle paths
ad pedestrian walkways in
the City
6/24/24 Email to Planning Division Follow Up Email to Planning Division Staff
To request information on
the number of housing units
that are around the railroad
tracks
6/25/24 Email to PG&E Email to Les Putnam, Senior
Public Safety Specialist
Follow up email to request
information on PG&E and
Emeryville
6/26/24 Email to PW Environmental
Programs Supervisor Email to Nancy Humphrey
Obtain input on Sea Level
Rise and Climate Change
sections of the LHMP
6/27/24
Email from PW
Environmental Programs
Supervisor and Assistant
City Manager
Emails to and From Nancy
Humphrey and Pedro Jimenez
To obtain information on the
City’s electric fleet vehicles
and other efforts to combat
climate change
7/3/24 Email to Planning Division Emails to Planning Division Staff To review and comment on land use maps in the LHMP
7/15/24 Email to Planning Division Email to Planning Division Staff Follow up request review
and input on the Earthquake
Hazard section in the LHMP
7/31/24 Email to PW Director Email to Mohamed Alaoui
To obtain update on
Bioswale project to be
included in the LHMP
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Date Event Type Participants Purpose
7/31/24 Follow call and email to
Kinder Morgan
Telephone call and follow up
email to John Rocha
To review and update our
section on the Kinder
Morgan jet fuel line
7/31/24 Email from Associate Civil
Engineer Email from Nikolas Ignacio Update on the building a Bioswale project 7/31/24 Email to IT Director Email to Mike Parenti To update our section on Cyberterrorism
8/7/24 Email to Police Lieutenant Email to Fred Dauer
To request update on a
Police Department
Mitigation Actions
9/4/24 Presentation to Department
Heads
City of Emeryville Department
Heads
To have Department Heads
review the draft LHMP
Update and make
comments/edits
9/4/24
Email to Outside
Stakeholders on Upcoming
Public Presentations
Email to nearby jurisdictions and
outside stakeholders
To advise on the upcoming
public hearings and
opportunity to provide
comments on the plan
9/9/24
Presentation of draft LHMP
update to the Public Works
& Transportation
Committees
Public Works & Transportation
Committees members, City staff
and general public
To hold public hearings and
receive public comments.
9/10/24
Presentation of draft LHMP
update to the Public Safety
Committee
Public Safety Committee
members, City staff and general
public
To hold public hearings and
receive public comments.
9/16/24
Presentation of draft LHMP
update to the Sustainability
Committee
Sustainability Committee
members, City staff and general
public
To hold public hearings and
receive public comments.
9/17/24 City Council Study Session
of the draft LHMP Update
City Council members, City staff
and general public
To hold public hearings and
receive public comments.
9/26/24
Presentation of draft LHMP
update to the Planning
Commission
Planning Commission members,
City staff and general public
To hold public hearings and
receive public comments.