TOWN OF FAIRFAX
TOWN COUNCIL MEETING
PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
UPDATE
MARCH 1, 2023
Prepared by Pavement Engineering Inc.
• Pavement 101
• Pavement management principles
• Assessment findings
• Funding needs
• Recommendations
PRESENTATION GOALS
2 PAVEMENT 101
3 4
What Determines a Pavement Section?
Pavement Deterioration Cycle
PAVEMENT 101
5 Asphalt concrete deteriorates in two ways:
Pavement Deterioration
Oxidizing effects of
sun and water
Fatigue from heavy
wheel loads
PAVEMENT 101
The Impact of Sun and Water
PAVEMENT 101
7 The Impact of Heavy Loads
PAVEMENT 101
8 9
Block
Cracking
Alligator
Cracking
Transverse or
Longitudinal
Cracking
Weathering or
Raveling
Common Pavement Distresses
What is a Pavement Management System?
• Budgeting tool
• Inventory tool
• Record of pavement conditions
• Guide to potential street candidates for
repair and maintenance
PAVEMENT PRESERVATION
10 • Alligator cracking
• Block cracking
• Distortions
• Longitudinal / transverse cracking
• Patches / utility cuts
• Rutting / depressions
• Weathering / raveling
Evaluating Common Pavement Distresses
PAVEMENT 101
11 Evaluating Pavement: the PCI
PAVEMENT 101
12 100 – 91 = Excellent
90 – 71 = Good
70 – 51 = Fair/ At Risk
50 – 31 = Poor
30 – 0 = Failed
Developed by the U. S. Army Corp of Engineers
during World War II and standardized by ASTM, the
PCI is an objective and rational basis for
determining pavement condition and establishing
maintenance priorities.
13 PCI = ?
PAVEMENT 101
14 PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
15 Applying the RIGHT TREATMENT
to the RIGHT PAVEMENT
at the RIGHT TIME
using the RIGHT MATERIALS
PAVEMENT PRESERVATION
16 Pavement Preservation Timing
PAVEMENT PRESERVATION
17 Overlay
Crack Sealing Treatment
• The right treatment for
block or transverse cracking.
• Inexpensive.
• Prevents water from seeping
beneath the asphalt to the
subgrade where structural
damage occurs.
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Slurry Seal Treatment
• The right treatment for
raveled pavement in traffic
areas with speed limits
above 15 mph.
• Skid resistant.
• Fills in minor cracks, creates
a uniform finish and provides
a weather- and water-tight
surface.
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Cape Seal
• The right treatment between
an overlay and a slurry seal.
• Combines a chip (aggregate)
layer followed within a few weeks
by a slurry seal for durability.
• Prevents water damage to the
road bed and provides a new
wear surface.
• Significantly extends pavement life
when combined with crack sealing
and surface patching.
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
• The right treatment for severely
deteriorated pavement.
• Overlays existing pavement
with a new layer of bituminous
asphalt.
• Thickness depends on existing
pavement condition and traffic.
• Strengthens the overall
pavement structure and
improves ride.
Overlay
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Reconstruction
When a pavement has failed or reached the end of its service life, it requires complete removal and replacement of the existing pavement structure. Reconstruction may use new or recycled paving materials or a combination of both.
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
• Grinds the existing asphalt
surface and mixes it with the
aggregate base.
• Strengthens the existing base
and forms a stronger
foundation for reconstruction.
• Improves drainage.
• Eliminates bumps, humps and
rutting.
Reconstruction: Pulverization
PAVEMENT PRESERVATION
PAVEMENT PRESERVATION
Pavement Management Strategies
24 • Best-First “Top Down” Management
• Worst-First “Bottom Up” Management
• Critical-Point Management
Pavement Management Strategies
Critical Point Management
PAVEMENT PRESERVATION
25 Critical-Point-Management
selects streets before they
deteriorate and need the
next most expensive
treatment.
Overlay
Cape Seal / TMO
Pavement Condition vs.
Maintenance / Rehabilitation Cost
PAVEMENT PRESERVATION
26 PCI
Range
Treatment
Category
Cost Range
(per SF)
90-71 Light
Maintenance
$0.82 to
$1.17
70-51 Heavy
Maintenace
$2.57 to
$4.14
70-51 Light
Rehabilitation
$7.46 to
$8.70
50-26 Heavy
Rehabilitation
$9.65 to
$13.35
25-0 Reconstruction $23.83 to
$31.17
Overlay
Cape Seal / TMO
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
27 Town of Fairfax System Data
• System Size
27.6 centerline miles
3,067,321 square feet of pavement
• System-wide average weighted PCI of 55
• Replacement value of $48,000,000
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
28 Maintained Road System
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
29 Functional Classification Centerline
Miles
Percent of
System Average PCI
Arterial 4.8 22.6 57
Collector 10.1 35.9 54
Residential 12.7 41.5 53
Totals 27.6 100.0 54
FUNDING NEEDS
30 Five Year PCI Trend Using Future Treatment Costs
BUDGET NEEDS
31 32
PEI RECOMMENDATIONS
33 • Continue to update the Pavement Management System
• Develop Multi-Year Pavement Expenditure Plan
• Focus limited funding to preserve critical assets
• Leverage limited funds with grants (Matching Funds) on Grant Eligible Streets (Arterials)
• STIP, Complete Streets, Safe Routes to Schools
• Consider additional funding sources
Refuse Impact Fees, Utility Impact Fees, Sales Tax, Parcel Tax QUESTIONS?
34