Fleet Zero-Emissions Vehicle Policy
SEAN YOURA, CLIMATE ACTION COORDINATOR
TOWN OF FAIRFAX
NOVEMBER 1, 2023
Key Terms
• Zero-Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) - a vehicle with a zero-emissions powertrain that produces zero exhaust emission of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) or greenhouse gas under any possible operational modes or conditions. ZEVs include Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs).
• Near-Zero-Emission Vehicle (NZEV) - refers to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Plug-In Hybrid Electric vehicles (PHEVs) that have an internal combustion engine but can achieve an allelectric range using the electric motor. • Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle - a vehicle with a powertrain that includes an internal combustion engine that is powered by gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane, or other fuel where the sole source of power is from the combustion of the on-board fuel to provide motive power
• Alternative Fuel - any fuel other than gasoline, diesel, natural gas, or propane that are less polluting (e.g., renewable diesel).
Background
• Fairfax Climate Action Plan
(CAP)
• Recommends:
• Transitioning fleet vehicles to ZEVs by
2030
• Installing EV chargers for fleet
vehicles
• Using renewable diesel as a
transition fuel
• Marin Countywide EV
Acceleration Strategy
• Recommends adopting an EV
fleet replacement policy with the
goal to convert 100% of fleets to
EVs by 2030
Source: Fairfax 2021 GHG Inventory Report
Background
• Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF)
Regulation
• Approved by the California Air
Resources Board (CARB) on April 28,
2023
• Applies to medium- and heavy-duty
on-road fleet vehicles owned by State,
local, and federal agencies with a
gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)
greater than 8,500 pounds
• Requires:
• 50% of applicable vehicle purchases are
zero-emissions beginning on January 1,
2024
• 100% of applicable vehicle purchases are
zero-emissions starting January 1, 2027
• Since Fairfax has less than 10 mediumor heavy-duty vehicles, the Town is exempt from complying with ACF until
2027
Policy Objectives
Implement the recommended transportation-related measures from the CAP that impact fleet procurement and operations
Ensure compliance with the ACF regulation and exceed compliance, when feasible Serve as a model for the community by transitioning to ZEVs in a timely and cost-effective manner Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants emitted from the combustion of gasoline and diesel used in Town vehicles
Save the Town money through reduced fuel and maintenance costs by transitioning to ZEVs and reducing vehicle size, weight, and other factors affecting fuel use, when appropriate Optimize the fleet size to eliminate unused or underutilized vehicles and promote interdepartmental and crossagency vehicle sharing, when possible Responsibilities
• Fleet Manager
• Public Works Director (or their designee)
• Maintain the fleet vehicle inventory
• Submit annual compliance reports to CARB
• Fleet Advisory Group
• Comprised of Public Works, Police, Finance, and Climate & Environment department staff
• Ensure the policy is adhered to
• Develop and regularly update the Fleet Replacement Plan • Recommend infrastructure upgrades to support new ZEVs in the fleet Requirements
Prioritization of ZEVs for procurement
Utilize alternative fuels for non-ZEVs when possible
Preference for bidirectional charging capability for ZEVs and EV charging stations
Preference for procuring an e-bike or downsizing a
vehicle, when feasible
Preference for leasing or buying used over buying new
vehicles
Identify any unused, underutilized, or redundant vehicles in the fleet to be considered for disposal or sharing with other departments/agencies Life-cycle costs should be analyzed when comparing costs of ZEVs to non-ZEVs
Exemptions
• Types of exemptions:
• Lack of available ZEV or near-ZEV (NZEV) on the market • Vehicle delivery delay
• Installation of ZEV fueling/charging infrastructure delay • Exemptions must be granted by the Fleet Advisory Group • If granted, the next lowest-emission vehicle type should be prioritized for procurement
Cost Analysis
• Life-cycle vehicle costs
include acquisition cost,
registration fees, insurance,
maintenance, fuel use, and
other costs over the
anticipated lifetime of the
vehicle
EV Model EV Cost ICE Model ICE Cost
Cost
Difference % Difference
Average %
Difference
Ford F-150 Lightning $49,995Ford F-150 $45,410 $4,585 9.6 21.6 Ford Mustang
Mach-e $42,995
Ford Mustang Mach
1 $55,570 -$12,575 -25.5
Hyundai Kona
Electric $33,550Hyundai Kona $22,140 $11,410 41.0
Jaguar I-Pace $71,300Jaguar F-Pace $52,400 $18,900 30.6 Chevy Bolt $29,700Mazda 3 Hatchback $23,550 $6,150 23.1 Volvo XC40
Recharge $53,550Volvo XC40 $38,350 $15,200 33.1
Nissan Leaf $28,040Nissan Sentra $20,200 $7,840 32.5
Volkswagon ID.4 $38,995Volkswagon Tiguan $26,950 $12,045 36.5 Tesla Model 3 $38,990
Mercedes-Benz AClass $33,950 $5,040 13.8
*All models are 2023 with similar configurations
Source: PG&E Calculating Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for Municipal EV Fleet Electric Vehicle (EV) vs. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle Acquisition Costs Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) = Life-cycle Costs – Resale Value – Incentives ZEV
Funding
PG&E EV Fleet Program
• $4,000 for medium- or heavy-duty vehicles
TAM EV Fleet Program
• $2,500 for EVs (purchase or lease)
• $5,000 for fuel-cell EVs (FCEVs)
• $1,500 for plug-in hybrids
• $1,000 for used EVs and FCEVs
• 75% of the cost of an e-bike (up to $1,000)
California Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP)
• $2,000 for EVs
• $4,500 for FCEVs
• $1,000 for plug-in hybrids
Questions?