Crash Type P & B
CRF 35%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity
NS22PB. Install rectangular rapid flashing
beacon (RRFB)
A Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB) includes
pedestrian-activated flashing lights and additional
signage that enhance the visibility of marked crosswalks and alert motorists to pedestrian crossings. It uses an irregular flash pattern that is similar to emergency
flashers on police vehicles. RRFBs are installed at
unsignalized intersections and mid-block pedestrian
crossings.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-19
ROADWAY SEGMENTS
COUNTERMEASURES
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-20 Crash Type Night
CRF 35%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 35%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
R1. Add segment lighting
Install at locations with a noted substantial patterns of nighttime crashes. In particular, patterns of rear-end, right-angle, turning or roadway departure collisions on the roadways may indicate that night-time drivers can
be unaware of the roadway characteristics.
R2. Remove or relocate fixed objects outside
of clear recovery zone
Applicable at locations or roadway segments prone to
collisions with fixed objects such as utility poles, drainage structures, trees, and other fixed objects, such as the outside of a curve, end of lane drops, and in traffic islands.
A clear recovery zone should be developed on every
roadway, as space is available. In situations where public right-of-way is limited, steps should be taken to request assistance from property owners, as appropriate.
R3. Install median barrier
Applicable in areas where crash history indicates that
drivers are unintentionally crossing the median and
these cross-overs are resulting in high severity crashes.
The installation of median barriers can increase the
number of property damage only collisions and
non-severe injuries. The net result in safety from
this countermeasure is connected more to reducing
the severity of crashes as opposed to the number of
crashes.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-21 Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
Crash Type All
CRF 30%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
R4. Install guardrail
A guardrail is installed to reduce the severity of lane departure crashes. However, guardrails can reduce
crash severity only for those conditions where striking the guardrail is less severe than going down an
embankment or striking a fixed object. Guardrails
should only be installed where it is clear that crash
severity will be reduced, or there is a history of run-offthe-road crashes at a given location that have resulted in severe injury crashes.
R5. Install impact attenuators
Impact attenuators are typically used to shield rigid
roadside objects such as concrete barrier ends, steel
guardrail ends and bridge pillars from oncoming
automobiles. Attenuators should only be installed
where it is impractical for the objects to be removed.
R6. Flatten side slopes
Applicable at roadways experiencing frequent lane
departure crashes that result in roll-over type crashes as a result of the roadway slope being so severe as
to not accommodate a reasonable degree of driver
correction. This countermeasure is appropriate when
there is a need to reduce the severity of lane departure crashes without installing a barrier system that could
result in increased numbers of crashes.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-22 Crash Type All
CRF 40%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 15%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
R7. Flatten side slopes and remove guardrail
Install at locations where high number of crashes
originate as a lane departure and result in collision
with guardrail or a fixed object located on the side
slope shielded by guardrail. The guardrail may or may
not meet current standards. Even though guardrails are
generally installed to reduce the severity of departure crashes, they still can result in severe crashes in some locations.
R8. Install raised median
Install at locations experiencing head-on collisions that may be affected by both the number of vehicles that
cross the centerline and by the speed of oncoming
vehicles. Installing a raised median is a more restrictive approach in that it represents a more rigid barrier
between opposing traffic.
R9. Install median (flush)
Applicable at locations experiencing head-on collisions that may be affected by both the number of vehicles
that cross the centerline and by the speed of oncoming
vehicles. Roadways with oversized lanes offer an
opportunity to restripe the roadway to reduce the
lanes to standard widths and use the extra width for
the median.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-23 Crash Type All
CRF 15%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Low
Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
R10PB. Install pedestrian median fencing
on approaches
Roadway segments with high pedestrian generators
and destinations nearby (e.g. transit stops) may
experience a high volume of pedestrians jaywalking
across the travel lanes at mid-block locations instead
of walking to the nearest intersection or designated
mid-block crossing. When this safety issue cannot be
mitigated with shoulder, sidewalk and/or crossing
treatments, then installing a continuous pedestrian
barrier in the median may be a viable solution.
R11. Install acceleration/ deceleration lanes
Install at locations proven to have crashes that are the result of drivers not being able to turn onto a high
speed roadway to accelerate until the desired roadway
speed is reached and areas that do not provide the
opportunity to safety decelerate to negotiate a turning movement. This countermeasure can also be used to
improve the safety of merging vehicles at a lane-drop
location.
R12. Widen lane (initially less than 10 feet)
Install at horizontal curves or tangents and low speed
or high speed roadways identified as having lane
departure crashes, sideswipe or head-on crashes that
can be attributed to an existing lane width less than
10 feet.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-24 Crash Type All
CRF 30%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 30%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 30%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
R13. Add two-way left-turn lane (without
reducing travel lanes)
Applicable at roadways having a high frequency of
drivers being rear-ended while attempting to make a
left turn across oncoming traffic. Also can be effective for drivers inadvertently crossing the centerline of an undivided multilane roadway.
R14. Road Diet (reduce travel lanes from four to
three and add a two-way left-turn and bicycle
lanes)
Install at areas noted as having a high frequency of headon, left-turn, and rear-end crashes with traffic volumes that can be handled by only two free flowing lanes. Using this strategy in locations with traffic volumes that are too high could result in diversion of traffic to routes that are less safe than the original four-lane design. It may also result in congestion levels that contribute to other crashes.
R15. Widen shoulder
Applicable at roadways that have a frequent incidence
of vehicles leaving the travel lane resulting in an
unsuccessful attempt to reenter the roadway. The
probability of a safe recovery is increased if an errant vehicle is provided with an increased paved area in
which to initiate such a recovery.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-25 Crash Type All
CRF 45%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity
Crash Type All
CRF 50%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Low
Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Low
R16. Curve shoulder widening
(outside only)
Install at roadway curves noted as having frequent lane departure crashes due to inadequate or no shoulders,
resulting in an unsuccessful attempt to reenter the
roadway. Curve shoulder widening creates a recovery
area in which a driver can regain control of a vehicle, as well as lateral clearance to roadside objects.
R17. Improve horizontal alignment
(flatten curves)
Applicable at roadways with horizontal curves that
have experienced lane departure crashes as a result
of a roadway segment having compound curves
or a severe radius. This strategy should generally
be considered only when less expensive strategies
involving clearing of specific sight obstructions or
modifying traffic control devices have been tried and
have failed to ameliorate the crash patterns.
R18. Flatten crest vertical curve
The target for this strategy is usually unsignalized
intersections with restricted approach sight distance
due to vertical geometry and with patterns of crashes
related to that lack of sight distance that cannot be
ameliorated by less expensive methods. This strategy
should generally be considered only when less expensive strategies involving clearing of specific sight obstructions or modifying traffic control devices have been tried and have failed to ameliorate the crash patterns.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-26 Crash Type All
CRF 45%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 35%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type All
CRF 40%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
R19. Improve curve superelevation
Applicable for roadways noted as having frequent
lane departure crashes and inadequate or no
superelevation. Safety can be enhanced when the
superelevation is improved or restored along curves
where the actual superelevation is less than the
optimal.
R20. Convert from two-way to
one-way traffic
One-way streets can offer improved signal timing
and accommodate irregular-spaced signals. One-way
streets can simplify crossings for pedestrians, who
must look for traffic in only one direction. While studies have shown that conversion of two-way streets to
one-way generally reduces pedestrian crashes and
the number of conflict points, one-way streets tend to
have higher speeds that can create new problems.
R21. Improve pavement friction (high friction
surface treatments)
Applicable at locations with a noted amount of
crashes on wet pavement or under dry conditions
when pavement friction is significantly less than
actual roadway speeds; including but not limited to
curves, intersections, and areas with short stopping or weaving distances. This treatment is intended to target locations where skidding is a problem and the target
vehicle is one that runs (skids) off the road or is unable to stop due to insufficient skid resistance.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-27 Crash Type All
CRF 15%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Very High
Crash Type All
CRF 40%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Very High
Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
R22. Install/upgrade signs with new
fluorescent sheeting (regulatory or warning)
This countermeasure only applies to crashes occurring
within the influence area of the new/upgraded signs.
This countermeasure is not eligible unless it is done
as part of a larger sign audit project, including the
study of: 1) the existing signs’ locations, sizes, and
information per MUTCD standards; 2) missing signs per
MUTCD standards; and 3) sign retroreflectivity.
R23. Install chevron signs on
horizontal curves
Install at roadways that have an unacceptable level
of crashes on relatively sharp curves during periods
of light and darkness. Ideally this type of safety
countermeasure would be combined with other sign
evaluations and upgrades.
R24. Install curve advance warning signs
Applicable at roadways that have an unacceptable
level of crashes on relatively sharp curves during
periods of light and darkness. This countermeasure
may also include horizontal alignment and/or advisory
speed warning signs. Ideally this type of safety
countermeasure would be combined with other sign
evaluations and upgrades.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-28 Crash Type All
CRF 30%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
Crash Type All
CRF 30%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
Crash Type All
CRF 15%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Very High
R25. Install curve advance warning signs
(flashing beacon)
Install at roadways that have an unacceptable level of
crashes on relatively sharp curves. Flashing beacons in conjunction with warning signs should only be used on
horizontal curves that have an established severe crash history to help maintain their effectiveness.
R26. Install dynamic/variable speed
warning signs
Dynamic speed feedback signs can reduce vehicle
speeds by alerting motorists that they are operating
above the speed limit. The signs include a speed
measuring device and a message sign that displays
feedback to drivers who exceed a predetermined
speed threshold. The feedback can include displaying
the driver’s actual speed, showing a message such as
SLOW DOWN, or activating some warning device, such
as beacons or a curve warning sign.
R27. Install delineators, reflectors and/or
object markers
Applicable at roadways that have an unacceptable
level of crashes on curves (relatively flat to sharp)
during periods of light and darkness. Many roadways
with a history of fixed object crashes can be candidates for this treatment, as can roadways with similar fixed
objects along the roadside that have yet to experience
crashes.
https://www.pexco.com/traffic/products/roadside-delineator-posts/fg-400-500-posts/ Click here for an
image example
https://www.pexco.com/traffic/products/roadside-delineator-posts/fg-400-500-posts/ COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-29 Crash Type All
CRF 25%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Very High
Crash Type All
CRF 45%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Very High
Crash Type All
CRF 20%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Very High
R28. Install edge-lines and centerlines
Install on roadways with a history of run-off-road right, head-on, opposite-direction-sideswipe, or run-off-road
left crashes. Install where the existing lane delineation is not sufficient to assist the motorist in understanding the existing limits of the roadway.
R29. Install no-passing line
Applicable at roadways that have a high percentage
of head-on crashes suggesting that many head-on
crashes may relate to failed passing maneuvers. Nopassing lines should be installed where drivers’ passing sight distance is not available due to horizontal or
vertical obstructions.
R30. Install centerline rumble strips/stripes
Centerline rumble strips/stripes can be used on many
roadways – especially those with a history of head-on
crashes. It is recommended that rumble strips/stripes
be applied systematically along an entire route instead of only at spot locations. For all rumble strips/stripes, pavement condition should be sufficient to accept milled rumble strips. Care should be taken when considering
installing rumble strips in locations with residential land uses or in areas with high bicycle volumes.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-30 Crash Type All
CRF 15%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 100%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
Crash Type P & B
CRF 35%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
Crash Type P & B
CRF 45%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity
R31. Install edgeline rumble strips/stripes
Shoulder and edgeline milled rumble strips/stripes
should be used on roads with a history of roadway
departure crashes. It is recommended that rumble
strips/stripes be applied systematically along an entire route instead of only at spot locations. For all rumble strips/stripes, pavement condition should be sufficient to accept milled rumble strips. Special requirements
may apply and care should be taken when considering
installing rumble strips in locations with residential
land uses or in areas with high bicycle volumes.
R32PB. Install bicycle lanes
Applicable along roadway segments noted as having
crashes between bicycles and vehicles or crashes
that may be preventable with a buffer/shoulder.
Most studies suggest that bicycle lanes may provide
protection against bicycle/motor vehicle collisions.
Striped bicycle lanes can be incorporated into a
roadway when it is desirable to delineate which
available road space is for exclusive or preferential use by bicyclists.
R33PB. Install separated bicycle lanes
Separated bicycleways are most appropriate on
streets with high volumes of bicycle traffic and/or high bicycle-vehicle collisions. Separation types range from simple, painted buffers and flexible delineators to
more substantial separation measures including raised
curbs, grade separation, bollards, planters, and parking lanes. These options range in feasibility due to roadway characteristics, available space, and cost.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-31 Crash Type P & B
CRF 80%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type P & B
CRF 30%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
Crash Type P & B
CRF 35%
Expected Life (Years) 10
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity High
R34PB. Install sidewalk/pathway (to avoid
walking along roadway)
Install at areas noted as not having adequate or no
sidewalks and a history of walking along roadway
pedestrian crashes. In rural areas asphalt curbs and/or separated walkways may be appropriate.
R35PB. Install pedestrian crossing (with
enhanced safety features)
Install on roadway segments with no controlled crossing for a significant distance in high-use midblock crossing areas and/or multilane roads locations. Rectangular
rapid flashing beacons, overhead flashing beacons, curb extensions and other safety features can be added to
complement standard crossing elements. For multi-lane
roadways, advance “yield” markings can be effective in
reducing the ‘multiple-threat’ danger to pedestrians.
R36PB. Install raised pedestrian crossing
Applicable on lower-speed roadways where
pedestrians are known to be crossing roadways that
involve significant vehicular traffic. In these cases,
raised crossings can be added to complement the
standard crossing elements. Special requirements may
apply and extra care should be taken when considering
installing raised crossings to ensure unintended safety issues are not created, such as emergency vehicle
access or truck route issues.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-32 Crash Type P & B
CRF 350%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity
Crash Type Animal
CRF 80%
Expected Life (Years) 20
Federal Funding Eligibility 90%
Systemic Approach Opportunity Medium
R37PB. Install rectangular rapid flashing
beacon (RRFB)
A Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB) includes
pedestrian-activated flashing lights and additional
signage that enhance the visibility of marked
crosswalks and alert motorists to pedestrian crossings.
It uses an irregular flash pattern that is similar to
emergency flashers on police vehicles. RRFBs are
installed at unsignalized intersections and mid-block
pedestrian crossings.
R38. Install animal fencing
Install at locations with high percent of vehicular/
animal crashes (reactive) or where there is a known
high percent of animals crossing due to migratory
patterns (proactive).
Click here for an
image example
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tranbc/50020523007
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-33
COUNTERMEASURES THAT DO
NOT QUALIFY FOR HSIP FUNDING
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-34 Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH1. Implement traffic safety education
programs
Education programs such as Street Smarts Marin can
raise awareness and improve driver, pedestrian, and
bicyclist behaviors. Aimed as “hot spot” locations,
education programs can be successful in encouraging
safe traffic behavior.
NH2. Implement targeted enforcement
programs
Enforcement programs can be effective at reducing
common violation types such as speeding, failure to
yield, red light running, aggressive driving, failure
to wear safety belts, distracted driving, and driving
while impaired. They can be especially effective when
combined with education programs.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH3. Install cameras to detect red-light
running
Install at signalized intersections with a high frequency of crashes attributed to drivers who intentionally
disobey red signal indications. This type of automated
enforcement refers to the use of photo and video
camera systems connected to the signal controller.
Such systems record vehicles proceeding through the
intersection after the signal displays red.
RED
LIGHT
PHOTO
ENFORCED
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-35 Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH4. Provide advanced dilemma zone
detection for high speed approaches
Effective in remote areas that have a high frequency
of right-angle and rear-end crashes. The advanced
dilemma zone detection system enhances safety at
signalized intersections by modifying traffic control
signal timing to reduce the number of drivers that may
have difficulty deciding whether to stop or proceed
during a yellow phase. This may reduce rear-end
crashes associated with unsafe stopping and angle
crashes due to illegally continuing into the intersection during the red phase.
Crash Type P & B
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH5. Fill sidewalk and pathway gaps
Filling gaps in existing sidewalk and pathway networks
increases safety and comfort for active transportation
users. Gaps should be filled in a way that meets
specifications for best practices in terms of width,
accessibility, and other attributes.
Crash Type P & B
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH6. Add pedestrian scale lighting
Pedestrian scale lighting increases the visibility
of pedestrians at night, especially at intersections
and when crossing the street. Lighting should be
implemented in a way so as to illuminate pedestrians
and reduce glare to motorists.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-36 Crash Type P & B
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH7. Wayfinding
This treatment can reduce pedestrian and bicycle
collisions. Wayfinding can be deployed to route
bicycles and pedestrians to safer facilities and avoid
hazardous routes.
Crash Type P & B
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH8. Install sharrows
Sharrow markings increase the visibility of bicyclists, clarifies where bicyclists are expected to ride and
reminds motorists to expect bicyclists on the road.
Crash Type P & B
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH9. Install ‘Bikes May Use Full Lane’ sign
Regulatory ‘Bikes May Use Full Lane’ sign increases
the visibility of bicyclists, clarifies where bicyclists are expected to ride, and reminds motorists to expect
bicyclists on the road.
070
MAY USE
FULL LANE
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-37 Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH10. Deploy smart signal technology
Smart traffic signals are equipped with sensing, video
capture, and connectivity technologies to collect realtime data from the environment. They can improve the flow of traffic as well as detect pedestrians and
bicyclists at intersections.
Crash Type P & B
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH11. Install protected intersection
Protected intersections separate bicyclists from
vehicles at intersections, increasing safety for all
users. The bicycleway is set back from vehicle traffic
and bicyclists are given a dedicated path through
the intersection and have right-of-way over turning
vehicles.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH12. No right turn on red restrictions
No right turn on red (RTOR) restrictions can benefit
pedestrians with minimal impacts on traffic. They
should be done in locations with substantial
pedestrian volume and places where children cross.
Part-time RTOR prohibitions during the busiest times
of day may be sufficient to address the problem. Blank
out signs can be used to reinforce turn restrictions and encourage motorist compliance.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-38 Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH13. Refresh signage/ striping
Refresh signage and striping that has faded with age.
Faded striping and signs can lead to confusion and
poor nighttime visibility.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH14. Back-in angle parking
Back-in angle parking provides motorists with better
visibility of bicyclists, pedestrians, cars, and trucks as they exit a parking space and enter moving traffic.
Back-in angle parking also removes the difficulty that
drivers, particularly older drivers, have when backing
into moving traffic.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH15. Reduced lane widths
Reduced lane width encourages slower speeds
and frees up additional right of way for bicycle and
pedestrian facilities. Residential streets may be reduced to 10-foot lanes, arterial streets may be reduced to 11 foot lanes, and turn lanes may be reduced to 10 feet, as determined by individual jurisdictions.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-39 Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH16. Square up intersection
Irregular angled intersections present safety hazards
for all road users. Intersections less than 90 degrees
reduce visibility for motorists, while intersections
greater than 90 degrees allow for high-speed turns.
These intersections also create unnecessarily long
pedestrian crossings. Redesign intersections as close to 90 degrees as possible.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH17. Relocate parking
Parked vehicles can block sight distances. Relocate
parking, or remove parking at the approaches to
intersections and driveways to improve visibility.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH18. Mumble strip
Mumble strips are modified rumble strips. They use
noise and vibrations to alert drivers who are leaving
their lanes. Mumble strips generate less outside noise
than rumble strips, which are less disruptive to nearby residents, through a sinusoidal wave pattern. Mumble
strips should be installed on facilities where roadway
departures collisions have occurred.
Click here for an
image example
https://micountyroads.org/news/
mumble-strips-are-the-new-rumble-strips-in-macomb-county/ COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-40 Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH19. Provide tapered edge for pavement
edge drop-off
This treatment is designed to be a standard policy
for any overlay project. Instead of an overlay project
ending with a 90-degree asphalt or concrete face at
the edge of pavement, the tapered edge provides an
approximate 30-degree angle at the edge.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH20. Pave existing shoulder
Install at roadways with an unpaved existing shoulder
and exhibiting a high incidence of vehicles leaving
the travel lane resulting in an unsuccessful attempt
to reenter the roadway. Paving the existing shoulder
provides a wider recovery area with a smooth surface
that has a higher friction factor.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH21. Widen shoulder (unpaved)
Consider for roadways with a high incidence of vehicles leaving the travel lane resulting in an unsuccessful
attempt to reenter the roadway. The probability
of a safe recovery is increased if an errant vehicle
is provided with an area in which to initiate such a
recovery. Unpaved shoulders usually have flatter cross
sections and some structural integrity as compared to
areas of “flatten side slopes”.
300 angle
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-41 Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH22. Remove slip lane
This treatment addresses pedestrian and sideswipe
collisions. Slip lanes should be avoided as they allow
vehicles to travel through intersections at larger speeds and allow less visibility of pedestrians waiting to cross.
Removing one will result in a shorter crossing distance for pedestrians and slower speeds at the intersection.
Crash Type All
CRF N/A
Expected Life (Years) N/A
Federal Funding Eligibility N/A
Systemic Approach Opportunity N/A
NH23. Upgrade bridge railing
Open-faced railings can present a snagging hazard,
which may produce high deceleration forces leading
to occupant injuries. Curbs or walkways between
the driving lane and the bridge railing are another
common hazard of older railing systems. Impacted
vehicles may go over the railing or roll over.
COUNTERMEASURE TOOLKIT 2024 MARIN COUNTY LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN | A-42
PHOTO CREDITS
Adobe Stock: inset cover photo and pages, A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-6, A-8, A-9, A-10, A-11, A-13, A-14, A-16, A-19, A-20, A-21, A-23, A-25, A-27, A-28, A-29, A-30, A-32, A-34, A-35, A-37, A-40, A-41 commons.wikipedia.org: page A-4
Google Earth: pages A-3, A-5, A-7, A-8, A-11, A-12, A-13, A-14, A-15, A-16, A-17, A-20, A-21, A-22, A-23, A-24, A-25, A-26, A-29, A-31, A-36, A-38, A-39, A-41 Parametrix: pages A-3, A-9, A-17, A-18, A-30, A-33, A-34, A-35, A-36, A-37 Parametrix 1 ,1,;ru
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