City of Fontana
Public Works Department
TREE POLICY MANUAL
DECEMBER 10, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Statement of Commitment 1
Tree Policy Manual 1
Public Works Department 1
Authority and Intent 1
GENERAL PRESERVATION AND PLANNED MANAGEMENT
Heritage, Significant and Specimen Trees 2
Fontana’s Adopted Master Tree List 2
Inventory Administration 2
MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES
Planting 3
Viable Planting Sites 3
Nursery Stock Standards 3
Planting and Staking Standards 4
Tree Planting Specifications 4
Newly Planted Tree Maintenance 5
Pruning 5
Pruning Techniques 5
Training Young Trees 6
Pruning Mature Trees 7
Pruning Cycles 7
Street, Sidewalk and Visibility Clearance 7
Overhead Utility Clearance Pruning 8
Root Pruning 9
Certified Arborist 10
Contractor Qualifications 10
Site Cleanup 10
Removal 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
TREE/HARDSCAPE CONFLICTS
Hardscape Damage Response Procedures
13 Hardscape Installation Guidelines
14 PERMITS
Amendments to Policies
15 City Easement and Right-of-Ways
15 DEFINITIONS
EXHIBITS
17 Permit to Remove Street Trees
1 Damage Claim
2 Permit to Prune Street Trees
3 Permit to Plant Street Trees
4 Tree Pruning Standards
5 Tree Planting Detail
6 Selective Root Pruning Standards
7 Root Shaving Standards
8 City of Fontana Street Tree Palette
City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual
INTRODUCTION
Statement of Commitment
The City of Fontana considers trees as one of its most valuable assets and is committed to the preservation, proper maintenance, and continued growth of urban forestry throughout the city. Trees in urban environments offer numerous benefits, including improved air quality by absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen, and temperature regulation through shade and transpiration, which cools the air and reduces the urban heat island effect. Trees enhance aesthetics and property values, reduce noise by acting as sound barriers, and support biodiversity by providing habitats for various species. Trees also aid in water management by reducing runoff and improving infiltration. Exposure to green spaces and trees can reduce stress, encourage physical activity and improve overall wellbeing by promoting social interaction and community cohesion. To ensure the protection of its urban forest, the Public Works Department of the City of Fontana has adopted this updated Tree Policy Manual which will govern the management of its urban forest.
Tree Policy Manual
This Tree Policy Manual, as authorized by Chapter 28, Article II, Section 28-34 of the Fontana Municipal Code, defines the City adopted policies and procedures that shall be utilized for the care of all trees located on City property or within the public right-of-way. This Manual also provides recommended procedures for encouraging the protection or replacement of trees on privately held land. These policies and procedures are based in part on nationally accepted standards for tree care. This document shall act as a source of direction and guidance for the implementation of the duties, authorities and regulations delineated in Chapter 28 of the Fontana Municipal Code to protect and preserve the urban forest.
Public Works Department
Responsibility for daily management of, and emergency response to, the urban forest belongs to the Public Works Department (also known as “Public Services”) The department provides forestation and maintenance services and oversees all contracted and permitted work on City maintained trees. The Department maintains records, including a comprehensive list of the City’s tree inventory. The Department is the primary resource for residents and businesses that may have concerns or questions about trees in the City. The Department provides residential educational materials on proper tree care, hosts events intended to bring attention to the urban forest, and educates the public on the importance of urban forestry, including the annual Arbor Day Celebration.
Authority and Intent
Pursuant to Fontana Municipal Code Chapter 28, Article II, Section 28-34 , this manual is adopted in the best interest of the City and its citizens as a comprehensive plan for the development and maintenance of trees on parkways and public properties. The purpose of this Manual is to establish rules and regulations relating to the selection, planting, care, and maintenance of trees within parkways and public properties, and for the establishment of rules and regulations regarding the planting, maintenance, removal or replacement of certain trees on privately owned property.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual
GENERAL PRESERVATION AND PLANNED MANAGEMENT
Heritage, Significant and Specimen Trees
Specific trees, which by virtue of their species, size, age, condition, location, appearance, or historical significance, shall be protected by ordinance, Article III of Section 28 of the Fontana Municipal Code.
Fontana’s Adopted Master Tree List
Fontana’s tree population management plan shall be based primarily upon the City’s adopted plan of parkway trees and Master Tree List. Sect, as amended from time to time by resolution of the City Council pursuant to Section 28-28 of the Fontana Municipal Code. A current copy of the Master Tree List is included in the Appendix of this manual and shall supersede all prior adopted lists. The Master Tree List will designate certain species of trees that may be planted within the City of Fontana.
Tree species were evaluated based on the following criteria:
Species Hardiness. The tree’s adaptability to the region, specifically regarding its ability to resist frost, freezing temperatures, and extreme heat.
Drought Tolerance. The ability to withstand long periods of drought.
Durability and Wind Resistance. The ability to withstand strong winds.
Grow Space. The expected tree trunk circumference and root flare at maturity.
Pest and Disease resistance. Resistance to insect and disease infestation.
Subsurface and surface growth habits. Potential negative impact to infrastructure.
Tolerance to a variety of irrigation practices. Toleration of variable moisture conditions, including inundation.
Soil qualities. Toleration of variable soil conditions prevalent through the city.
Cleanliness. Fruiting or flowering potential that may negatively impact the aesthetic of the area.
Historically appropriate. Species that exist in a particular area, have traditionally existed in an area, or are native to the region.
Aesthetics and Shading. Aesthetic appeal with the potential for flowering or color changes, or that provide a good amount of shade are preferred.
Availability. Trees that are readily available and locally sourced.
The Public Works Department retains a current inventory of all City owned trees, including detailed site characteristic and work histories for each tree. Tree records shall be updated on a routine basis.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual
MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES
The Public Works Department shall be responsible for overseeing the planting of all City Trees. The following guidelines and procedures have been developed to promote the health and safety of City Trees from the time they are planted through maturity.
Planting
The Public Works Department shall be responsible for administering planting of all trees in the public right-of-way or on any publicly owned land.
Viable Planting Sites
It shall be the objective of the City to plant all viable vacant sites located in the City public right-of-ways and city owned property and to replace any City Tree which has been removed subject to confirmation that the replanting of a tree is a practical and viable option. The Public Works Director shall, in their sole discretion but based on the below criteria, determine the viability of any new or replacement planting of a City Tree.
Spacing. There is adequate spacing present overhead, underground and radially to allow for the healthy, unimpeded growth of the tree to its mature size. Specific examples of spacing conditions that may make a site unsuitable for planting include inappropriate canopy room between existing trees, proximity of a planting site to existing utilities creating potential conflicts and damage or inadequate space to accommodate a tree’s girth or root structure. See “Planting Location Requirements” appendix for detailed specifications.
Traffic Clearance. There is adequate line of sight visibility between normal vehicular or pedestrian traffic and necessary signage, streetlights, or views.
Maintenance Resources. There is an adequate and consistent water source available.
Funding. There is funding available the current fiscal year budget for tree planting and in future years for tree maintenance.
Nursery Stock Standards
The City shall make every effort to ensure that it plants only vigorous, healthy trees which can easily be trained into an attractive natural form, with strong roots and good crown development. The specifications for acceptable nursery stock shall be as follows:
All trees shall be selected from the City’s master tree list.
All trees shall be true to type, or botanical name as ordered or shown on planting plans.
All trees shall have a reasonably straight trunk with a good taper and good branch distribution vertically, laterally, and radially.
All trees shall be healthy, have a form typical for the species cultivar, be well-rooted, and properly trained.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual The root ball of all trees shall be moist throughout and the crown shall show no sign of moisture stress.
All trees shall comply with Federal and State laws requiring inspection for plant diseases and pest infestations.
No tree shall be accepted that has been severely topped, headed back, pollarded or lion tailed.
When practical, City Trees shall be locally sourced.
No tree shall be accepted that has co-dominant stems or excessive weak branch attachments that cannot be trained out without jeopardizing the natural form of the species.
No tree shall be accepted that is root bound, shows evidence of girdling or kinking roots, or has knees (roots) protruding above the soil.
The City shall reserve the right to refuse any nursery stock that does not meet these standards and may require any person who has planted such sub-standard trees, on City property or within City right-of- ways, to have these trees removed and replaced at that person’s own expense.
Planting and Staking Standards
Unless otherwise approved by the Public Works Department, all City Trees shall be planted using materials that meet the following criteria:
Tree Stakes. Shall consist of two (2) sturdy, ten (10') foot long lodge pole pine stakes. Stakes will be placed on the outer edge of the root ball on either side of the tree, perpendicular to prevailing winds. If larger trees are planted and require guying, International Society of Arbor culture standards shall be adhered to.
Staking Ties. Shall be sixteen (16") to eighteen (18") inch rubber cinch ties to be fastened to each stake with galvanized roofing nails. Ties will be pulled around the tree’s trunk in a manner which supports the top-heaviness of the canopy but is loose enough to allow for free movement of the tree in the wind.
Trunk Guards. An approved trunk guard shall be placed around the base of the trunk just above the soil grade.
Wood Chip Mulch. A four (4") inch uniform layer of City approved wood chip mulch shall be placed within the planting basin of the tree. A space of three (3") inches shall be left between the tree’s stem and the mulch layer to allow airflow and to restrict moisture from remaining static around the base of the trunk.
Tree Planting Specifications
Most nursery tree stock in California is sold in a containerized form. The following guidelines are specific for containerized stock. If utilizing bare root or balled and burlapped trees, refer to the appropriate International Society or Arbor culture (ISA) guidelines for planting instructions.
All trees shall be planted immediately after the planting container has been removed. Containers shall not be cut or otherwise damaged prior to delivery of trees to the planting area.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual The planting hole is one of the most important factors in establishing a healthy tree. Measure the width and depth of the root ball prior to digging. The diameter of the planting hole shall be dug at least two (2) times wider than that of the root ball. The depth of the planting hole shall be dug slightly shallower than the depth of the root ball to allow for the top two (2") inches of the root crown to remain above the finished grade.
Before placing the tree into the planting hole, tamp down the base of the hole to allow the tree to stand straight and to avoid the potential of the tree settling below the finished grade. Scarify or scrape the sides of the planting hole to break down any glazing or compaction which may have occurred as a result of digging.
Position the tree in the hole so that the tree stands upright, and the top of the root crown is slightly exposed above the grade. Backfill the planting hole with clean, native soil no higher than halfway up the root ball. Slightly tamp the soil to remove air pockets but be sure not to compact the soil too much. Complete the backfilling to the finish grade. Once again, tamp the soil slightly to remove air pockets.
Form a watering basin out of backfill material, approximately six (6") inches high, around the dripline of the tree. Remove all nursery stakes, ties, and ribbons from the tree, and install the planting and staking materials as specified. Give the tree an initial deep watering. Fill watering basin as many times as necessary to completely saturate root ball.
Tree stakes and ties should be removed from the tree within two years after planting, or when the circumference of the tree’s trunk is equal to or exceeds the circumference of the stakes.
For specific details on proper planting procedures refer to the Standard Tree Planting and Staking instructions in the appendix of this manual.
Newly Planted Tree Maintenance
All newly planted trees shall be placed on a schedule to receive young tree maintenance immediately after completion of a planting program (refer to the Training Young Trees section for details).
Pruning
The Public Works Department shall be responsible for administering and scheduling pruning of all City Trees.
All City Trees shall be pruned on a regular basis using professionally accepted standards, as established by the ISA. All City Trees shall be pruned in a manner that will encourage good development while preserving their health, structure, and natural appearance. Topping, heading back, stubbing, lion-tailing or pollarding of public trees is prohibited. For specific details on proper pruning refer to the Tree Pruning Standards in the Appendix of this manual.
Pruning Techniques
Thinning - sometimes called “drop-crotching” in mature trees, shall be the standard pruning technique for City trees. A thinning cut is the removal of a branch at its point of origin, or the shortening of a branch to a lateral that is large enough to assume the terminal role.
When removing a live branch, pruning cuts should be made just outside the branch bark ridge Page | 5
City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual and collar. This location of cut contrasts with a “flush cut” which is made inside the branch bark ridge and collar. Flush cuts should be avoided because they result in a larger wound and expose trunk tissues to the possibility of decay. If no collar is visible, the angle of the cut should approximate the angle formed by the branch bark ridge and trunk.
When removing a dead branch, the final cut should be made just outside the branch bark ridge and collar of live callus or wound wood tissue. If the collar has grown out along the branch stub, only the dead stub should be removed; the live collar should remain intact.
If it is necessary to reduce the length of a branch, the final cut should be made just beyond (without violating) the branch bark ridge of the branch being cut to. The remaining branch should be no less than one third (1/3) the diameter of the branch being removed, and with enough foliage to assume the terminal role.
Pruning cuts should be clean and smooth, leaving the bark at the edge of the cut firmly attached to the wood. A three-cut process, sometimes referred to as jump-cutting, should be used to remove larger limbs to avoid stripping or tearing of the bark, and to minimize wounding.
Training Young Trees
Properly trained trees will develop into structurally strong trees well-suited for their surrounding environment. These trees should require little corrective pruning as they mature. Young trees that reach a large mature size should have a sturdy, tapered trunk with well-spaced branches that are smaller in diameter than the trunk.
Each City Tree shall be scheduled for training at least once within the first three years after being planted. The Young Tree Maintenance Program shall entail evaluating the overall condition of the tree, cleaning of any dead wood and pruning the tree in such a manner as to develop good structure, checking to ensure stakes and ties are providing adequate support for the tree, and examining the watering basin to verify tree is receiving adequate water.
Pruning Mature Trees
As trees mature, their need for structural pruning should decrease. Pruning should then focus on maintaining tree structure, form, health, and appearance. This shall be accomplished through one of the three methods described below.
Crown cleaning - or cleaning out, is the removal of dead, dying, broken, diseased, crossing, weakly attached, and low-vigor branches from a tree’s crown, as well as the elimination of water sprouts, sucker growth and foreign materials from the entire tree.
Crown restoration – is intended to improve structure and appearance of trees that have sprouted vigorously after being broken, topped, or severely pruned us ng head ng cuts. One to three sprouts, on ma n branch stubs, should be selected to form a natural appearing crown. The more vigorous sprouts may need to be thinned or cut to a lateral to control length growth or ensure adequate attachment for the size of the sprout. Crown restoration may require several pruning’s over several years. Crown restoration shall be completed as necessary, based upon the specific condition and circumstances surrounding the tree.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual Crown thinning - is the selective removal of branches to increase light penetration and air movement through the crown. Thinning opens the foliage of the tree, reduces weight on heavy limbs, distributes ensuing invigoration throughout the tree and helps retain the tree’s natural form.
When thinning the crown of mature trees, no more than twenty percent (20%) of the tree’s live growth should be removed. In slower growing, or particularly sensitive species (such as native Oaks), no more than ten percent (10%) of live growth should be removed. Trees shall always be thinned to their natural form and should retain well-spaced inner lateral branches with foliage. Trees and branches so pruned will have mechanical stress more evenly distributed along the branch and throughout the tree.
Pruning Cycles
Frequency of pruning is also important to a tree’s health. The City of Fontana is currently divided into 36 districts, for purposes of scheduling the trimming of City Trees. The City’s objective is to service each district within a five-year trim cycle. Scheduling is at the discretion of the Public Works Director. Every City Tree shall be pruned when that particular district is being serviced. If a resident requests tree pruning before or after their district is serviced, the Public Works Director shall determine if it is appropriate or feasible to comply with the request. Hazardous conditions shall be evaluated and attended to as soon as possible.
Street, Sidewalk and Visibility Clearance
Street and sidewalk clearance standards shall be achieved through crown raising. Crown raising is the removal of lower branches to provide clearance for vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists. Only those branches that must be removed to achieve the established height clearance standard shall be pruned. All such pruning cuts shall be thinned back to the nearest lateral found above the set minimum height standard.
Where possible, developing trees should be maintained in such a manner that at least one half (1/2) of the foliage should be on branches that originate in the lower two thirds (2/3) of the tree. Similarly, branches should have even distribution of foliage along their lengths. This will ensure a well-formed, tapered structure and will uniformly distribute stress within the tree.
All City Trees shall be maintained to the height clearance specifications established below:
Over sidewalks or park paths, limbs shall be raised to a minimum of seven (7') feet and a maximum of eight (8') feet from grade to first lateral branch. In locations where no sidewalks exist, limbs may be retained below this minimum elevation if they conform to the natural shape of the species. In locations where City Trees are set back from, or do not interfere with, sidewalk traffic, limbs may also be retained below this minimum height specification.
Over residential or collector streets, limbs shall be raised gradually from eight (8') feet at curb to thirteen (3') feet over traffic lanes from the grade to wood giving the appearance of an arch, rather than an angle.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual Over arterial streets, limbs shall be raised to fourteen (14') feet from grade to first lateral branch. A major arterial street may require a higher max mum over central traffic lanes for existing mature canopy-forming limbs.
Visibility clearance for streetlights or signage shall be achieved through “windowing” through the foliage of a tree, rather than severely raising or reducing its crown. Only those branches that need to be removed to attain the visibility clearance desired shall be pruned. All such pruning cuts shall be thinned back to the nearest lateral found away from the structure that is to be cleared.
Overhead Utility Clearance Pruning
Line-clearance tree workers must be trained to work safely around high voltage conductors. The United States Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) have established minimum distances to be maintained by tree workers from electrical conductors. Line-clearance work involving City Trees shall adhere to these standards, as well as the utility pruning standards established by the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) and the Utility Arborist Association (UAA).
The following guidelines are designed to maintain the required clearance of City Trees from high voltage transmission lines with a minimum of resprouting and fewer pruning cycles. These guidelines are based upon known tree responses to various pruning techniques. In no sense should they take precedence over safe work practices.
A tree’s growth under utility lines is most economically managed by lateral or directional pruning (thinning cuts). Directional pruning is the removal of a branch to the trunk or a significant lateral branch growing away from the conductor. Heading cuts (topping), on the other hand, encourages vigorous sprouting and increases the frequency of pruning cycles and the cost of the maintenance.
All trees in public right-of-way should be examined for hazards before commencing with line-clearance work. Hangers and dead wood should be removed. Where possible, the tree should be allowed to attain normal height, with crown development maturing away from high voltage conductors.
To achieve clearance, pruning should be restricted to removal of branches at crotches within the tree’s crown.
As few pruning cuts as are reasonable should be used to achieve the required clearances.
When the pruning of a branch will result in the loss of more than one half (1/2) of the foliage on the branch, it should be removed to the parent stem.
Precautions shall be taken to pre-cut large limbs to avoid stripping or tearing the bark and minimize unnecessary wounding. Heavy limbs should be lowered on ropes to avoid damaging bark on limbs and trunks below.
The placement of pruning cuts shall be determined by anatomy, structure, and branching habit. Limbs Page | 8
City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual should not be arbitrarily cut based on a pre-established clearing limit.
Final drop-crotch cuts should be made outside the branch bark ridge on the main stem or lateral branch. The remaining branch shall be no smaller than one third (1/3) the diameter of the port on be ng removed. The removed port on should be pruned out to direct the remaining growth away from conductors.
Line clearance in the City of Fontana is currently being administered by Southern California Edison (Edison). The city works proactively with Edison in an effort to ensure Edison adheres to appropriate line-clearance methods and practices when practical and appropriate. Public safety, including power line safety shall control regarding decisions for appropriate pruning measures. Should improper pruning methods occur that cause damage to a City Tree, which methods were employed based on concerns for public or utility line safety, City Trees may be removed in the sole discretion of the Public Works Director. The topping of many tree species results in irreparable damage, requiring removal and replacement. City Trees that are topped or otherwise improperly pruned, even for public safety, by an agency, individual, or entity other than the City of Fontana shall be replaced at the full cost and expense by the entity responsible for the improper pruning.
Root Pruning
The root system of a tree is one of its most important physiological components. Roots are the main source of water and mineral absorption for the tree, they provide a foundation and stability, and they act as one of the principal storage areas for food. The proper pruning of a tree’s roots when necessary is as important as the proper pruning of a tree’s crown.
Whenever possible, the City, utility companies or contractors shall avoid removing any of a tree’s root system. In instances where there exists a need to install subsurface structures or utilities, such as irrigation lines or block wall footings, every effort shall be made to avoid encroachment within the dripline of a tree. If it becomes necessary to excavate within a tree’s dripline, every effort, if cost efficient, shall be made to tunnel under or through the tree’s root system with a minimal amount of pruning, rather than to trench across the tree’s roots.
When root removal becomes necessary for the installation and/or repair of hardscape, such as sidewalks, driveway approaches or curb and gutters, and other utilities, two methods shall be employed by the City to eradicate invasive or encroaching roots. These two methods are specified below and are detailed in the Selective Root Pruning and Shaving Standards detailed in the Appendix of this manual.
Selective Root Pruning is the removal of specific offending roots which are directly interfering with a work area. When pruning out selective roots, great care shall be given to retain as much root surface as possible, including sufficient buttress root dispersal around the radius of the tree. Roots shall be cut back at least four (4") inches away from new hardscape to the nearest node. Pruning cuts shall be made clean and smooth with minimal crushing or tearing of the remaining root.
Root Shaving is the removal of a small portion of a nonessential buttress root or general root with a diameter of four (4") inches or greater. Roots will be shaved down to allow for at least Page | 9
City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual two (2") inches of clearance between the root and the new hardscape. Shaving cuts shall be made clean and smooth with no crushing or tearing of the remaining root, root shaving shall be undertaken at the discretion of the Public Works Department.
All root pruning activities shall be recorded by the Public Works Department in the City’s tree inventory.
Certified Arborist
Any City-contracted tree company shall be required to have in their employment a full-time, permanent Certified Arborist, as accredited by the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA). This person shall be responsible for ensuring that the contractor’s crews are performing work according to City specifications.
Contractor Qualifications
All contractors shall be required to have a State contractor’s license, which states class of license required for tree work and provide workmen’s compensation benefits to their employees. They shall also provide for equal opportunity employment and have appropriate liability insurance as determined by the City. Contractors shall provide all services in compliance with City specifications. Specifications are written based on the policies outlined in this manual.
Site Cleanup
Work areas shall be left in a condition equal to or better than that which existed prior to the commencement of forestry operations and in accordance with all applicable City Municipal Code Requirements. All debris shall be cleaned up each day before the work crew leaves the site unless permission is given by the City to do otherwise. All lawn areas shall be raked, all streets and sidewalks shall be swept, and all brush, branches, rocks, or other debris shall be removed from the site. City inspector shall be responsible for inspection upon completion of work.
Removal
The Public Works Department shall have the duty to inspect the condition of all City Trees and the authority to remove trees in the public right-of-way or city owned property if the tree meets any of the below specific criteria (Removal Criteria).
Hazardous Trees. Trees that are declared a hazard by virtue of being determined at high risk of failure including but not limited to frequent limb breakage or danger of falling with a high potential of hitting a target (a sidewalk, street or building) shall be removed. A tree with a majority of decayed, dead, or damaged foliage, branches, trunk, or roots may be determined to be a hazard and require immediate removal.
Dead and Dying Trees. City Trees that are dead or have been determined by the Public Works Department to be in a state of severe decline, although perhaps not an immediate hazard, shall be removed at the earliest practical opportunity.
Diseased/Insect Infested Trees. Trees that become diseased or are infested with an insect that is declared to be an eminent serious pest threat to the other nearby trees shall be removed, if removal is determined to be the best pest control solution.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual Emergency Removals. Healthy trees shall be removed if an emergency condition exists, and tree removal is determined to be the only option available as to not impair emergency services.
Hazardous Condition Removal. If it is determined that a tree is causing a serious visibility hazard (i.e., corner tree that blocks the visibility of a stop sign) it should be removed. Removal shall be considered only if pruning to correct the hazard would seriously damage the tree or where the continuing cost of repeated pruning would outweigh the value of the tree.
Hardscape damage - If hardscape repairs cannot be completed without severe root pruning which would jeopardize the health and stability of the tree.
Structural damage - If a tree is causing structural damage to a building, street, or wall and the condition cannot be corrected without removing the tree.
Sewer blockage - If tree roots have blocked a sewer and the public services sewer crew has been called out to clear the obstruction more than once per year, the tree shall be removed.
Requests for Tree Removal or Replacement
All tree removal requests will be evaluated with the ultimate goal of preserving the City’s Urban Forest. Any resident or business owner (Reporting Party) may request tree removal of a specific tree or group of trees located in a city right-of-way, city owned property, or city-controlled easement (City Tree). A representative of the Public Works Department (Staff) will review the request and determine, with the input of the certified arborist contracted by the City, if any of the above criteria have been met. If a determination is made that the tree should be removed, a work order for the removal shall be created and the removal shall occur at the earliest practical opportunity. If a replacement tree is warranted, the replacement shall be completed at the earliest practical opportunity.
If the requested removal does not meet any of the criteria above, the Reporting Party shall be notified of the decision to deny the request, which notification shall include any appropriate actions that will be taken to address the initial concerns, such as pruning or ongoing observation.
If the Reporting Party does not agree with Staff’s decision to deny a removal request, they may appeal the decision to the City Manager. The Public Works Department will provide the Reporting Party with information on the City’s appeal process pursuant to the authority granted by Section 28-33 in the Municipal Code.
The Reporting Party may request removal or replacement of a specific tree that is located within a city right-of-way, city owned property, or city-controlled easement adjacent to their property that does not meet the above Removal Criteria if the tree or trees present a potential public or private nuisance. The Reporting Party that elects to make a request for removal for convenience or potential nuisance shall pay appropriate application fees as identified in the City’s fee schedule. Upon receipt of the request as accompanied by appropriate payment of fees, Public Works Staff will solicit a Certified Arborists Report to supplement the certified arborist’s initial determination to the City, and evaluate the request based on the additional factors listed below to determine the significance of the requested removal, weighing the burden that the tree’s preservation presents to the property owner versus the loss of the positive impacts of the tree to the City or the public if the tree is removed.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual Species of the tree. Does the tree’s species further the City’s urban forest management goal? Size of the tree. Does the tree’s size provide significant value in terms of shade, tree canopy, and neighborhood character? Approximate age of the tree. Whether the tree is young, mature, or near the end of its life cycle.
Health of the tree. Is the tree in good health or it is showing signs of advanced decline or approaching the end of its life? Physical characteristics of the tree. Does the tree have species appropriate structure and form that suggests a lack of structural integrity? Environmental productivity of the tree. Is the tree believed to be environmentally productive or has productivity likely declined due to age, condition, or poor health? Safety. Will the preservation of the tree present current or near-term future safety concerns for the residents, adjacent property owners, and public at large? Asset value of the tree. The value of the tree as listed in the City’s inventory may be considered.
Utility conflicts. The potential for current and likely near-term future conflicts with above and below ground, public or private utilities may be considered when evaluating a removal request.
Species and age diversification may be considered to determine if the street would benefit from having a more diverse street tree population to reduce threats of deforestation.
City staff evaluate the request based on these additional criteria and analysis developed in the Certified Arborists Report and present a recommendation to the City Manager for consideration of removal or preservation. The City Manager shall review the request and the recommendation of Staff, and will make a final appeal determination pursuant to Section 28-33 of the Municipal Code If the City Manager approves the Reporting Party’s appealed request for removal, a work order for the removal shall be created and the removal shall occur at the earliest practical opportunity. If a replacement tree is warranted, the replacement shall be completed at the earliest practical opportunity.
If the City Manager determines that the tree shall be preserved, the Reporting Party may be offered the opportunity to have the tree removed at their expense. The Public Works Department staff will provide the property owner with information on this process pursuant to the authority granted by Section 28-33 on the Municipal Code.
If the City Manager, upon an appeal pursuant to Section 28-33 of the Municipal Code grants the Reporting Party the opportunity for the tree to be removed or removed and replaced (which shall be specified by the City Manager) subject to meeting the criteria noted above as potential for nuisance, the property owner will be required to pay for the approved subsequent action. The approval shall include conditions for replacement, if applicable, specifying the number, size, species and cost of tree or trees that shall replace the tree or trees proposed for removal. Costs will be determined based upon the City’s current contract rates for removal and planting (see below for current contract rates as of January 1st, 2025). All costs will include a 15% administrative fee for staff time. Upon receipt of payment, the removal and replacement, if applicable, shall proceed at the earliest opportunity. A viable planting site for the replacement trees will be determined by Staff. The planting sites may or may not be adjacent to the removed tree or on the same property.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual Tree Removal and Replacement Rates – Effective 1/1/2025 Tree removal fees:
Trunk diameter up to 24” $43.00 per diameter inch (requires minimum 24” Box replacement tree) Trunk diameter 25” or greater $53.00 per diameter inch (requires minimum 36” Box replacement tree) Tree replacement fees:
24” Box tree installed $395.00 each
36” Box tree installed $1,150.00 each
TREE/HARDSCAPE CONFLICTS
In keeping with the City’s policies for protecting and preserving the health and well-being of our urban forest while providing for the safety of our citizens, the following guidelines have been established for correcting potentially hazardous situations that result from tree roots disturbing nearby hardscape.
Hardscape Damage Response Procedures
There are several factors that must be considered in determining the course of action necessary for addressing hardscape damage concerns which involve City trees. These actions are driven by the extent of the damages, and whether the damages are located on private property.
The Public Works Department shall inspect all hardscape damage. If the hardscape concerns include potential damage to private property, the matter shall be referred to the Public Works Manager for evaluation. A sample Tree Report, to be used for such assessments, is included in the Appendix of this Manual.
Upon initial inspect on of the area, staff must determine what course of action is necessary to respond to the problem. The following are the most commonly occurring hardscape problems, and the courses of action that shall be employed to rectify them:
Hardscape damage is with in public right-of-way and will require a temporary asphalt ramp, followed by permanent repair of the area at a later date. Generally, an asphalt ramp should be installed if there exists a deviation in the concrete that is greater than three-fourths (3/4) of an inch.
Hardscape damage within public right-of-way but is of such a minor nature that the damaged area can be ground down by a concrete grinding machine. Any deviation in the concrete of less than one-half (1/2) of an inch should be able to be rectified by grinding the raised lip down to grade. If necessary, permanent repair of the area should be scheduled for a later date.
Hardscape damage within public right-of-way, but the nature of the damages cannot be rectified by temporary measures. Thus, permanent repair of the area will need to be scheduled based upon Page | 13
City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual the potent al the damages have for creating a public safety hazard.
Hardscape damages are on private property and thereby cannot be addressed by the City. However, there are clear cut indications that at least some of the damages that have occurred are a direct result of a tree in the public right-of-way. Thus, the res dent may have reason to file a claim for damages with the city. If the resident does elect to file a claim, the Public Works Director or designee shall be responsible for evaluating the damaged area and submitting a tree assessment report to the City Clerk for inclusion with the claim file.
Hardscape damages are on private property and thereby cannot be addressed by the City, and there exists no clear-cut indication that a City Tree is the source of the damages. Thus, the resident will be responsible for excavation of the damaged area, for the purpose of exposing any invasive roots, should they wish to file a claim for damages with the city.
Upon excavation of the area, it is the resident’s responsibility to contact the Public Works Department and schedule an evaluation and assessment of the damage. The Public Services Director designee shall be responsible for submitting this assessment report to the City Clerk for inclusion with the resident’s claim.
Hardscape damage is on private property and is clearly not caused by a City Tree.
Once a course of action has been determined, staff shall be responsible for providing written notification to the involved parties informing them of staff’s findings and of what measures they or the City will need to take to rectify the problem.
Hardscape Installation Guidelines
The general policy that shall be observed when repairing or replacing hardscape adjacent to a public right-of-way tree is that the health and integrity of the tree shall be taken into consideration before work commences. Every effort shall be made to protect the tree from root or trunk damage.
Several alternatives are available for accommodating the installation of new hardscape without severely infringing upon a tree’s root system. Any hardscape installation that may involve the removal of an extensive portion of a tree’s root system, shall first be evaluated by the Public Works Department. If it is determined by the Public Works Department that the removal of the offending roots might jeopardize public safety or the health or integrity of the tree, then one of the follow ng alternatives should be considered:
Off-Set. An off set is the tapering or reduction of a sidewalk’s size down to a width no less than forty-eight (48”) inches.
Ramping. A sidewalk may be constructed to ramp over offending roots, as long as the slope of the grade does not exceed one (1’) foot of elevation change within a span of twelve (12') linear feet.
Reconfiguration. Sidewalks do not need to be constructed in a straight line. If the public easement can accommodate, a sidewalk may be reconfigured to curve around a tree in a suitable manner.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual Removal. If no other hardscape installation alternative is feasible, a tree may be removed as long as it complies with the Tree Removal criteria established in this manual.
PERMITS
No person shall plant, remove, cut, prune, apply pesticides or otherwise disturb any City Tree in public right-of-way or on City owned property without first obtaining a permit from the Public Works Department. Applications for permits must be made to the Public Works Department on forms provided by the department and shall include such information as the Department deems necessary to review the application. Examples of the tree permit forms are included in the Appendix of this manual.
Any business wishing to acquire a permit for tree work must provide an official copy of a current City of Fontana Business License at the time of application.
The Public Works Department shall issue the permit if the proposed work is desirable, and the proposed method and workmanship are performed to the standards defined under the Maintenance Guidelines described in this manual. Any permit granted shall contain a date of expiration and the work shall be completed in the time allowed on the permit and in the manner described in it. A permit shall be null and void if its terms are violated. See Fontana Municipal Code sec. 28-74 penalties.
Permittees shall be required to sign a Maintenance Guidelines form as proof of their understanding of the City’s tree care specifications. Additional information provided to permittees shall include a copy of this permit policy, as well as any other details or standard plans related to the work that is to be completed.
Permittees shall be required to have a copy of the permit, and a current Fontana Business License (if applicable), present always at the work site. Work undertaken by the permittee, or their agents may be stopped immediately, and the permittees permit may be revoked by written order of the Public Works Department if it is determined that the program of work or conditions outlined in the permit are not being complied with.
Amendments to Policies
The Public Workers Director shall review these policies and procedures on an annual basis. The Director reserves the right to make non-material revisions or amendments to the policies if it is deemed that such revisions or updates are necessary. Material revisions to this manual shall require codification by Resolution of the City Council.
City Easements and Right-of-Ways
The city retains an established right-of-way or easement on each public street. These easements are City controlled areas for the purpose of public improvements, including streets, sidewalks, curb and gutters, driveway approaches, streetlights, street signs and street trees. Easements size may vary per street and will usually extend beyond street width including parkways and sidewalks.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual Any tree located within this public easement is recognized as a City Tree and is subject to the policies and procedures described here in and in the Municipal Codes which govern all City Trees and public property. Illustrations of typical City right-of-way or easements are included in the Appendix of this manual.
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City of Fontana Public Works Department Tree Policy Manual
DEFINITIONS
ANSI Z133.1: The Section of American National Standards which defines safety requirements for pruning, trimming, repairing, maintaining, and removing trees and for cutting brush, and for the use of equipment in such operations.
Arborist: A person possessing the technical competence through experience and related training to provide for or supervise the management of trees and other woody plants i n the residential, commercial, and public landscape and possess a current ISA certification.
Branch Collar: Trunk tissue that forms around the base of a branch between the main stem and the branch or a branch and a lateral. As a branch decreases in vigor or begins to die, the collar usually becomes more pronounced and more completely encircles the branch.
Branch Bark Ridge: A ridge of bark in a branch that marks where branch and trunk tissues met and often extend down the trunk.
Callus: Undifferentiated tissue initially formed by the cambium around and over the wound. Co-dominant Stem: A large branch or secondary leader competing with a tree’s leader.
Crotch: The angle formed at the attachment between a branch and another branch, leader, or trunk of a woody plant.
Crown: The leaves and branches of a tree or shrub; the upper port on of a tree from the lowest branches on the trunk to the top.
DBH: The Diameter at Breast Height as measured at four (4) feet above the ground is the standard measurement of tree size used by arborists.
Dripline: Is the ground area at the outside edge of a tree's branches or canopy.
ISA: The International Society of Arbor culture is a professional association of arborists and tree workers recognized internationally as one of the leading agencies in the research and establishment of high standards for all aspects of tree care.
Lateral: A branch or twig growing from a parent branch or stem.
Leader: A dominant upright stem, usually the main trunk.
NAA: The National Arborist Association is a professional trade association whose chief purpose is to raise the standards of the tree care industry and provide useful service to the public.
Parent Branch or Stem: The tree trunk, or a larger limb from which lateral branches are growing. Root Ball: The mass of roots growing from the trunk of a tree, including the surrounding soil.
Root Collar: The junction between the root of a plant and its stem, often indicated by a trunk flare.
Topping, Heading Back, Stubbing, Lion-tailing or Pollarding: Severe types of pruning which usually produce fewer desirable results than more moderate pruning with respect to the tree's natural form and which are generally hazardous to the overall health and stability of the tree.
UAA: The Utility Arborist Association is a professional trade association whose chief purpose is to raise the standards of utility line clearance, while providing the safest conditions possible for line-clearance workers.
Wound: An opening that is created when the tree's protective bark is penetrated, cut, or removed, injuring, or destroying living tissue. Pruning a live branch creates a wound, even when the cut is properly made.
Wound wood: Differentiated woody tissue, also referred to as a callus roll, which forms after callus has formed around the margins of a wound. Wounds are closed primarily by wound wood.
Exhibit 1
CITY OF FONTANA
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Permit to Remove Street Trees
Date: *
I, do hereby request authorization of the City of
Fontana to remove street tree(s) from within the public easement along the property at in accordance with all City specifications. Said work.
will begin on and will be completed by . I further agree to bear all costs and liabilities connected with the approved removal project; and that, any contractor used to complete this project is licensed by the City of Fontana to do approved work; and that, the approved work will be performed by a certified tree worker based on City Standards; and that, all work will be performed in a timely and workman like fashion.
Signature of Permit Recipient Date
Authorized Representative Signature Date
Print Name Title
* PERMIT EXPIRES 60 CALENDAR DAYS FROM THE ABOVE DATE
Exhibit 2
CITY OF FONTANA
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Damage Claim
NOTE: Certain procedures governing the filing of claims for money or damages are set forth in Title I, Division 3.6, Part 3 (Sections 900, et seq.) of the Government Code, State of California. This Claim for Damage or Injury has been prepared in accordance with California Government Code, Sect on 9 0.4. When this form is used, please submit to the City Clerk's Department, City Hall, 8353 Sierra Avenue, Fontana, CA 92335. [ ] Original Filing [ ] Amendment to Previous Claim
Name of Claimant Address (City, State & Zip Code)
Address to Send Notices Telephone Number (Include Area Code) Place of Occurrence of Damage or Injury Date of Occurrence of Damage or Injury General description of damage or injury incurred so far as it is known at the time of presenting this claim:
If submitting PHOTOGRAPHS, PLEASE ATTACH TWO (2) SETS
What particular act on by the City, Agency, Authority, or their respective employees caused the damage or injury? (Include names of employees if known):
Amount claimed, including the estimated amount of any prospective damage or injury, insofar as may be known at the time of presentation of this claim, together with the basis of computation of the amount claimed (Attach estimates or invoices, if possible):
$
$
Names and addresses of known witnesses to damage or injury:
Signature of Claimant Date
Exhibit 3
CITY OF FONTANA PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Permit to Prune Street Trees
Date: *
I, do hereby request authorization of the City of Fontana to prune street tree(s) along in accordance with all City
specifications. Said work will begin on and will be completed by .
I further agree to bear all costs and liabilities connected with the approved pruning project; and that, any contractor used to complete this project is licensed by the City of Fontana to do approved work; and that, the approved work will be performed by a certified tree trimmer based on City Standards; and that, all work will be performed in a timely and workman like fashion.
Signature of Permit Recipient Date
Authorized Representative Signature Date
* PERMIT EXPIRES 60 CALENDAR DAYS FROM THE ABOVE DATE
Exhibit 4
CITY OF FONTANA PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Permit to Plant Street Trees
Date: *
I, do hereby request authorization of the City of
Fontana to plant street tree(s) from within the public easement along the property at . In accordance with all City specifications, I will,
within 60 days of said request install the current, designated street tree:
( ).
I further agree to bear all costs and liabilities connected with the approved planting project; and that, any contractor used to complete this project is licensed by the City of Fontana to do approved work.
Upon completion of the entire project, I shall relinquish the ownership and responsibility for said tree(s) to the City of Fontana.
Signature of Perm t Recipient Date
Authorized Representative Date
Print Name Title
* PERMIT EXPIRES 60 CALENDAR DAYS FROM THE ABOVE DATE
Exhibit 5
City of Fontana
Tree Pruning Standards
General Procedures
Each cut should be made carefully, at the correct location, leaving a smooth surface with no jagged edges or torn bark. The correct anatomical location is just beyond the branch collar.
Jump Cutting
Large or heavy limbs should be removed using three cuts.
The first undercuts the limb one or two feet out from parent branch or trunk. A properly made undercut will eliminate the chance of the branch "peeling" or tearing bark as it is removed.
The second cut is the top cut which is made slightly further out on the limb than the undercut. This allows the limb to drop smoothly when the weight is released.
The third cut removes the stub back to just outs de the branch collar.
Drop Crotching Co-dominant or Dead Leaders
Removing a co-dominant or dead leader is best accomplished by cutting the limb back to a lateral that is at least 1/3 the size of the parent limb.
Pruning at Narrow Attachments
To prevent damage to the parent limb when removing a branch with a narrow attachment, the final cut should be made from the bottom of the branch up.
Exhibit 6
City of Fontana Tree Planting DetailTree spacing 35' minimum to 50' maximum.
City of Fontana Tree Planting Detail
Plant 50' minimum from the BCR on the approach to an intersection and 15' from the ECR on the exit side.
Plant 10' minimum from edge of approach.
Plant 1 0' minimum from utility and sewer lines.
Plant 20' minimum from street light standards and power poles.
Plant 10' minimum from fire hydrants.
Plant 5' from house walks and utility meters.
3'x3' tree well standard unless otherwise specified.
Center tree between sidewalk and curb.
Where there is no sidewalk, plant tree 8" behind curb.
Where public right-of-way is available and sidewalk is adjacent to curb, plant tree 3' behind back of sidewalk.
Exhibit 7
City of Fontana
Selective Root Pruning Standards
PLAN VIEW
SECTION VIEW
NOTES:
Roots shall be cut at the nearest node to encourage roots that grow away from the sidewalk.
Roots must be cleanly cut 4" away from the new sidewalk edge.
Backfill excavated areas with soil.
Exhibit 8
City of Fontana Root Shaving StandardsNOTES:
City of Fontana Root Shaving Standards
Roots are to be shaved down to enable at least 2" clearance between sidewalk and root. Backfill with soil.
Root barrier shall not be installed on shaved roots.
City of Fontana Street Tree Palette
Botanical Name
Common Name
Pkwy
Size
Ht/Sprd
Type
Water Use
Comments
Arbutus 'Marina'
Marina Medrone
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
20/35
evergreen
Medium
Strong branches, Low root intrusion, wet fruit
Cercis canadensis
Eastern Redbud
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
20/35
deciduous
Medium
Great tree for small locations, dry fruit
Cercis occidentalis
Western Redbud
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
25/20
deciduous
Medium
Tolerates drought & clay soil
Chilopsis lineares
Desert Willow
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
25/20
deciduous
Low
Drought tolerant, low root intrusion
Chitalpa tashkentensis
Chitalpa
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
25/25
deciduous
Low
Drought tolerant, low root intrusion
Eriobotrya deflexa
Bronze Loquat
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
25/25
evergreen
Medium
Drought tolerant, low root intrusion
Fraxinus dipelata
California Ash
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
25/25
deciduous
Low
Great as a specimen tree, low root intrusion
Lagerstromia indica
Crape Myrtle
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
20/20
deciduous
Medium
Low root intrusion, L. indica x L. fauriei are faster growing Melaleuca linarifolia
Flax leaf Paperback
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
20/40
evergreen
Low
Fire resistant, can be use as a wind breaker specimen
Magnolia grandiflora 'Russett'
Russet Magnolia
3-4'
5 x 5' cutout
25/35
evergreen
Medium
Flowers, Dry Fruit and Leaves. Low root intrusion
Magnolia grandiflora 'St Mary'
S. Magnolia 'St Mary'
3-4'
5 x 5' cutout
25/25
evergreen
Medium
Flowers, Dry Fruit and Leaves. Low root intrusion
Magnolia g. 'Majestic Beauty'
S. Magnolia 'Majestic Beauty'
3-4'
5 x 5' cutout
25/20
evergreen
Medium
Flowers, Dry Fruit and Leaves. Low root intrusion
Olea europaea
Olive Tree
3-4'
5 x 5' cutout
30/30
evergreen
Low
Fruit can be a nuisance. Fruitless varieties preferred
Tabebuia chrusotricha
Yellow Trumpet Tree
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
25/40
deciduous
Medium
Most accessible in 24" box, blooms heaviest April - May Tabebuia impetiginosus
Pink Trumpet Tree
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
25/40
deciduous
Medium
Shape can seem off when young, very large capsule
Washingtonia filifera
California Fan Palm
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
50'
Palm
Low
For Parks, set back landscape and commercial developments only Washingtonia robusta
Mexican Fan Palm
3-4'
3 x 3' cutout
90'
Palm
Low
For Parks, set back landscape and commercial developments only Brachychiton populneus
Bottle Tree
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
50/40
evergreen
Medium
Withstands heat, sun, dust & drought
Callistemon viminalis
Weeping Bottle Brush
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
40/20
evergreen
Low
Tolerant of heat, cold& most adverse soil conditions
Calodendrum capense
Cape Chestnut
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
40/40
deci/semi
Medium
Prefers moderately light clay or loam soil
Cassia leptophylla
Gold Medallion Tree
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
25/20
deci/semi
Medium
Zones 21-24, most shapely & graceful of the Cassias
Cercidium praecox
Sonoran Palo Verde
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
30/20
deciduous
Low
Full sun, tolerates aridity, low root intrusion
Cinnamomum camphora
Camphor Tree
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
50/60
evergreen
Medium
Tree can become very large, Dry fruit and leaves
Geijera parvifolia
Australian Willow
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
40/25
evergreen
Medium
Tolerates a wide range of soils, low root intrusion
Ginkgo biloba 'Autumn Gold'
Maidenhair Tree
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
35/45
deciduous
Medium
This cultivar is the most available
Laurus nobilis
Sweet Bay
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
40/30
evergreen
Low
Pest problems are psyllids & scale, Dry fruit
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Jacaranda Tree
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
40/50
deci/semi
Medium
Flowers, Dry Fruit and Leaves
Koelreuteria bipinnata
Chinese Flame Tree
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
40/40
deciduous
Medium
Grows best in well-drained soil
Koelreuteria paniculata
Goldenrain Tree
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
35/25
deciduous
Medium
Takes cold. Heat, Drought, Wind & Alkaline soil
Pistachia chinensis
Chinese Pistache
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
40/40
deciduous
Low
Relatively drought tolerant, low root intrusion
Pyrus c. 'Aristocat'
Aristocrat Pear
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
30/30
deciduous
Medium
Fairly resistant to firelight. Dry Fruit & Leaves
Pyrusc. "Redspire'
Redspire Pear
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
30/25
deciduous
Medium
Red/Orange fall color
Pyrus betulifolia
Dancer Pear
5-6'
5 x 5' cutout
30/20
deciduous
Medium
More resistant to firelight. Has smaller leaf
Pinus halapensis
Aleppo Pine
8-10'
8 x 8' cutout
30/60
evergreen
Low
Drought Tolerant. Not to be planted closer than 15' from residential wall Pinus canariensis
Canary Island Pine
8-10'
8 x 8' cutout
80/35
evergreen
Low
Drought Tolerant. Not to be planted closer than 15' from residential wall Platanus racemosa
Western Sycamore
8-10'
8 x 8' cutout
30/80
deciduous
Medium
Dry fruit, Leaves, Twigs and Bark.
Quercus ilex
Holly Oak
8-10'
8 x 8' cutout
50/50
evergreen
Low
Will tolerate drought, air pollution, alkaline soil & wind Quercus lobata
Valley Oak
8-10'
8 x 8' cutout
50/70
deciduous
Medium
Native, large tree, great in the right placement
Quercus agrifolia
Coast Live Oak
8-10'
8 x 8' cutout
70/80
evergreen
Low
Native to coastal ranges; susceptible to oak moth larvae