get_agenda_document_link — Fortuna City Council, April 7, 2025 (part 2 of 3)

Revision No. -
12577017
Date Jul 2023
City of Fortuna
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
Map Projection: Mercator Auxiliary Sphere
Horizontal Datum: WGS 1984
Grid: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere
DRAFT
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.; World Topographic Map - labelless: California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA; World_Boundaries_and_Places: Esri, HERE, Garmin; World Hillshade: Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS; World Topographic Map - labelless: California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS; World Hillshade: Esri, USGS. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_Botanical.aprx - 12577017_001_FIG1_Vicinity Print date:
05 Jul 2023 - 12:01
Vicinity Map
Data Disclaimer
** Insert text as required by data custodian **
** Remove only if not required by data custodian **
101
101
345
211
36 101
101
255
345
271
254
169
96 36
3 299
McKinleyville
Arcata
Eureka
Fortuna
Legend
Project Location
Populated Places
Highways
Dinsmore Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th St
s 12th
Pond St
St
US-101 N
US-101 S
101
101
Legend
Project Study Boundary
FIGURE 2
Date Jul 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
Project Study Boundary
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
0 60 120 180 240 300
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_Botanical.aprx Print date: 05 Jul 2023 - 12:03 12577017_002_FIG2_PSB
Dinsmore Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th St
s 12th
Pond St
St
US-101 N
US-101 S
101
101
Legend
Project Study Boundary
SNC- Species
Salal-Berry brambles
FIGURE 3
Date Jul 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
Sensitive Natural Communities
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
0 50 100 150 200 250
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_Botanical.aprx Print date: 05 Jul 2023 - 13:33 12577017_007_FIG3_SNC
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Appendix B
Database Search Results
(CNDDB, CNPS, IPaC)

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July 03, 2023
United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Arcata Fish And Wildlife Office
1655 Heindon Road
Arcata, CA 95521-4573
Phone: (707) 822-7201 Fax: (707) 822-8411
In Reply Refer To:

Project Code: 2023-0034986
Project Name: Fortuna 12th Street Roundabout
Subject: List of threatened and endangered species that may occur in your proposed project location or may be affected by your proposed project
To Whom It May Concern:

The enclosed species list identifies threatened, endangered, proposed and candidate species, as well as proposed and final designated critical habitat, that may occur within the boundary of your proposed project and/or may be affected by your proposed project. The species list fulfills the requirements of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) under section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

New information based on updated surveys, changes in the abundance and distribution of species, changed habitat conditions, or other factors could change this list. Please feel free to contact us if you need more current information or assistance regarding the potential impacts to federally proposed, listed, and candidate species and federally designated and proposed critical habitat. Please note that under 50 CFR 402.12(e) of the regulations implementing section 7 of the Act, the accuracy of this species list should be verified after 90 days. This verification can be completed formally or informally as desired. The Service recommends that verification be completed by visiting the ECOS-IPaC website at regular intervals during project planning and implementation for updates to species lists and information. An updated list may be requested through the ECOS-IPaC system by completing the same process used to receive the enclosed list.

The purpose of the Act is to provide a means whereby threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems upon which they depend may be conserved. Under sections 7(a)(1) and 7(a)(2) of the Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 402 et seq.), Federal agencies are required to utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the conservation of threatened and endangered species and to determine whether projects may affect threatened and endangered species and/or designated critical habitat.

A Biological Assessment is required for construction projects (or other undertakings having similar physical impacts) that are major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment as defined in the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4332(2) (c)). For projects other than major construction activities, the Service suggests that a biological 07/03/2023 2
evaluation similar to a Biological Assessment be prepared to determine whether the project may affect listed or proposed species and/or designated or proposed critical habitat. Recommended contents of a Biological Assessment are described at 50 CFR 402.12.

If a Federal agency determines, based on the Biological Assessment or biological evaluation, that listed species and/or designated critical habitat may be affected by the proposed project, the agency is required to consult with the Service pursuant to 50 CFR 402. In addition, the Service recommends that candidate species, proposed species and proposed critical habitat be addressed within the consultation. More information on the regulations and procedures for section 7 consultation, including the role of permit or license applicants, can be found in the "Endangered Species Consultation Handbook" at:
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/TOC-GLOS.PDF Migratory Birds: In addition to responsibilities to protect threatened and endangered species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), there are additional responsibilities under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) to protect native birds from project-related impacts. Any activity, intentional or unintentional, resulting in take of migratory birds, including eagles, is prohibited unless otherwise permitted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)). For more information regarding these Acts see https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations.php.

The MBTA has no provision for allowing take of migratory birds that may be unintentionally killed or injured by otherwise lawful activities. It is the responsibility of the project proponent to comply with these Acts by identifying potential impacts to migratory birds and eagles within applicable NEPA documents (when there is a federal nexus) or a Bird/Eagle Conservation Plan (when there is no federal nexus). Proponents should implement conservation measures to avoid or minimize the production of project-related stressors or minimize the exposure of birds and their resources to the project-related stressors. For more information on avian stressors and recommended conservation measures see https://www.fws.gov/birds/bird-enthusiasts/threats-tobirds.php.

In addition to MBTA and BGEPA, Executive Order 13186: Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds, obligates all Federal agencies that engage in or authorize activities that might affect migratory birds, to minimize those effects and encourage conservation measures that will improve bird populations. Executive Order 13186 provides for the protection of both migratory birds and migratory bird habitat. For information regarding the implementation of Executive Order 13186, please visit https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/ executive-orders/e0-13186.php.

We appreciate your concern for threatened and endangered species. The Service encourages Federal agencies to include conservation of threatened and endangered species into their project planning to further the purposes of the Act. Please include the Consultation Code in the header of this letter with any request for consultation or correspondence about your project that you submit to our office.
07/03/2023 3
▪
▪
▪
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Attachment(s):

Official Species List
USFWS National Wildlife Refuges and Fish Hatcheries
Migratory Birds
Wetlands
07/03/2023 1

OFFICIAL SPECIES LIST
This list is provided pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, and fulfills the requirement for Federal agencies to "request of the Secretary of the Interior information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of a proposed action".

This species list is provided by:

Arcata Fish And Wildlife Office
1655 Heindon Road
Arcata, CA 95521-4573
(707) 822-7201
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PROJECT SUMMARY
Project Code: 2023-0034986
Project Name: Fortuna 12th Street Roundabout
Project Type: Road/Hwy - Maintenance/Modification
Project Description: Replacing old infrastructure with modern roundabout to improve traffic safety and flow.

Project Location:

The approximate location of the project can be viewed in Google Maps: https:// www.google.com/maps/@40.588176849999996,-124.15508600436507,14z Counties: Humboldt County, California
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1. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SPECIES
There is a total of 7 threatened, endangered, or candidate species on this species list.

Species on this list should be considered in an effects analysis for your project and could include species that exist in another geographic area. For example, certain fish may appear on the species list because a project could affect downstream species.

IPaC does not display listed species or critical habitats under the sole jurisdiction of NOAA Fisheries , as USFWS does not have the authority to speak on behalf of NOAA and the Department of Commerce.

See the "Critical habitats" section below for those critical habitats that lie wholly or partially within your project area under this office's jurisdiction. Please contact the designated FWS office if you have questions.

NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of Commerce.

MAMMALS

NAME STATUS
Pacific Marten, Coastal Distinct Population Segment Martes caurina There is proposed critical habitat for this species. Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9081
Threatened
1 07/03/2023 4
BIRDS

NAME STATUS
Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus
Population: U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA)
There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4467
Threatened
Northern Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis caurina
There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1123
Threatened
Western Snowy Plover Charadrius nivosus nivosus
Population: Pacific Coast population DPS-U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA), Mexico (within 50 miles of Pacific coast)
There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8035
Threatened
Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus
Population: Western U.S. DPS
There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3911
Threatened

INSECTS

NAME STATUS
Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9743
Candidate

FLOWERING PLANTS

NAME STATUS
Western Lily Lilium occidentale
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/998
Endangered

CRITICAL HABITATS

THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA UNDER THIS OFFICE'S JURISDICTION.

YOU ARE STILL REQUIRED TO DETERMINE IF YOUR PROJECT(S) MAY HAVE EFFECTS ON ALL ABOVE LISTED SPECIES.
07/03/2023 1

USFWS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE LANDS

AND FISH HATCHERIES
Any activity proposed on lands managed by the National Wildlife Refuge system must undergo a 'Compatibility Determination' conducted by the Refuge. Please contact the individual Refuges to discuss any questions or concerns.

THERE ARE NO REFUGE LANDS OR FISH HATCHERIES WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA. 07/03/2023 1

1. 2.

3. MIGRATORY BIRDS
Certain birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act .

Any person or organization who plans or conducts activities that may result in impacts to migratory birds, eagles, and their habitats should follow appropriate regulations and consider implementing appropriate conservation measures, as described below.

The Migratory Birds Treaty Act of 1918.

The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940.
50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)
The birds listed below are birds of particular concern either because they occur on the USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) list or warrant special attention in your project location. To learn more about the levels of concern for birds on your list and how this list is generated, see the FAQ below. This is not a list of every bird you may find in this location, nor a guarantee that every bird on this list will be found in your project area. To see exact locations of where birders and the general public have sighted birds in and around your project area, visit the E-bird data mapping tool (Tip: enter your location, desired date range and a species on your list). For projects that occur off the Atlantic Coast, additional maps and models detailing the relative occurrence and abundance of bird species on your list are available. Links to additional information about Atlantic Coast birds, and other important information about your migratory bird list, including how to properly interpret and use your migratory bird report, can be found below.

For guidance on when to schedule activities or implement avoidance and minimization measures to reduce impacts to migratory birds on your list, click on the PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE SUMMARY at the top of your list to see when these birds are most likely to be present and breeding in your project area.

NAME

BREEDING
SEASON
Allen's Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9637
Breeds Feb 1 to
Jul 15
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus
This is not a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) in this area, but warrants attention because of the Eagle Act or for potential susceptibilities in offshore areas from certain types of development or activities.

Breeds Jan 1 to
Sep 30
1 2
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1. NAME

BREEDING
SEASON
California Gull Larus californicus
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.

Breeds Mar 1 to
Jul 31
Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3914
Breeds May 20
to Aug 31
Rufous Hummingbird selasphorus rufus
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8002
Breeds Apr 15
to Jul 15
Western Grebe aechmophorus occidentalis
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.
https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6743
Breeds Jun 1 to
Aug 31
Willet Tringa semipalmata
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.

Breeds
elsewhere
Wrentit Chamaea fasciata
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.

Breeds Mar 15
to Aug 10

PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE SUMMARY
The graphs below provide our best understanding of when birds of concern are most likely to be present in your project area. This information can be used to tailor and schedule your project activities to avoid or minimize impacts to birds. Please make sure you read and understand the FAQ "Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report" before using or attempting to interpret this report.

Probability of Presence ( )
Each green bar represents the bird's relative probability of presence in the 10km grid cell(s) your project overlaps during a particular week of the year. (A year is represented as 12 4-week months.) A taller bar indicates a higher probability of species presence. The survey effort (see below) can be used to establish a level of confidence in the presence score. One can have higher confidence in the presence score if the corresponding survey effort is also high.

How is the probability of presence score calculated? The calculation is done in three steps:

The probability of presence for each week is calculated as the number of survey events in the week where the species was detected divided by the total number of survey events for that week. For example, if in week 12 there were 20 survey events and the Spotted Towhee 07/03/2023 3

2. 3.
probability of presence breeding season survey effort no data was found in 5 of them, the probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is

0.25. To properly present the pattern of presence across the year, the relative probability of presence is calculated. This is the probability of presence divided by the maximum probability of presence across all weeks. For example, imagine the probability of presence in week 20 for the Spotted Towhee is 0.05, and that the probability of presence at week 12 (0.25) is the maximum of any week of the year. The relative probability of presence on week 12 is 0.25/0.25 = 1; at week 20 it is 0.05/0.25 = 0.2.

The relative probability of presence calculated in the previous step undergoes a statistical conversion so that all possible values fall between 0 and 10, inclusive. This is the probability of presence score.

Breeding Season ( )
Yellow bars denote a very liberal estimate of the time-frame inside which the bird breeds across its entire range. If there are no yellow bars shown for a bird, it does not breed in your project area.

Survey Effort ( )
Vertical black lines superimposed on probability of presence bars indicate the number of surveys performed for that species in the 10km grid cell(s) your project area overlaps. The number of surveys is expressed as a range, for example, 33 to 64 surveys.

No Data ( )
A week is marked as having no data if there were no survey events for that week.

Survey Timeframe
Surveys from only the last 10 years are used in order to ensure delivery of currently relevant information. The exception to this is areas off the Atlantic coast, where bird returns are based on all years of available data, since data in these areas is currently much more sparse.

SPECIES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Allen's
Hummingbird
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Bald Eagle
Non-BCC
Vulnerable
California Gull
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
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▪
▪
▪
Olive-sided
Flycatcher
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Rufous
Hummingbird
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Western Grebe
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Willet
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Wrentit
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Additional information can be found using the following links:

Birds of Conservation Concern https://www.fws.gov/program/migratory-birds/species Measures for avoiding and minimizing impacts to birds https://www.fws.gov/library/ collections/avoiding-and-minimizing-incidental-take-migratory-birds Nationwide conservation measures for birds https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/ documents/nationwide-standard-conservation-measures.pdf

MIGRATORY BIRDS FAQ
Tell me more about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds.

Nationwide Conservation Measures describes measures that can help avoid and minimize impacts to all birds at any location year round. Implementation of these measures is particularly important when birds are most likely to occur in the project area. When birds may be breeding in the area, identifying the locations of any active nests and avoiding their destruction is a very helpful impact minimization measure. To see when birds are most likely to occur and be breeding in your project area, view the Probability of Presence Summary. Additional measures or permits may be advisable depending on the type of activity you are conducting and the type of infrastructure or bird species present on your project site.

What does IPaC use to generate the list of migratory birds that potentially occur in my specified location?
The Migratory Bird Resource List is comprised of USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) and other species that may warrant special attention in your project location.

The migratory bird list generated for your project is derived from data provided by the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN). The AKN data is based on a growing collection of survey, banding, and citizen science datasets and is queried and filtered to return a list of those birds reported as occurring in the 10km grid cell(s) which your project intersects, and that have been identified as 07/03/2023 5

1. 2.

3. warranting special attention because they are a BCC species in that area, an eagle (Eagle Act requirements may apply), or a species that has a particular vulnerability to offshore activities or development.

Again, the Migratory Bird Resource list includes only a subset of birds that may occur in your project area. It is not representative of all birds that may occur in your project area. To get a list of all birds potentially present in your project area, please visit the Rapid Avian Information Locator (RAIL) Tool.

What does IPaC use to generate the probability of presence graphs for the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified location?
The probability of presence graphs associated with your migratory bird list are based on data provided by the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN). This data is derived from a growing collection of survey, banding, and citizen science datasets.

Probability of presence data is continuously being updated as new and better information becomes available. To learn more about how the probability of presence graphs are produced and how to interpret them, go the Probability of Presence Summary and then click on the "Tell me about these graphs" link.

How do I know if a bird is breeding, wintering or migrating in my area? To see what part of a particular bird's range your project area falls within (i.e. breeding, wintering, migrating or year-round), you may query your location using the RAIL Tool and look at the range maps provided for birds in your area at the bottom of the profiles provided for each bird in your results. If a bird on your migratory bird species list has a breeding season associated with it, if that bird does occur in your project area, there may be nests present at some point within the timeframe specified. If "Breeds elsewhere" is indicated, then the bird likely does not breed in your project area.

What are the levels of concern for migratory birds?
Migratory birds delivered through IPaC fall into the following distinct categories of concern:
"BCC Rangewide" birds are Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) that are of concern throughout their range anywhere within the USA (including Hawaii, the Pacific Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands);
"BCC - BCR" birds are BCCs that are of concern only in particular Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA; and
"Non-BCC - Vulnerable" birds are not BCC species in your project area, but appear on your list either because of the Eagle Act requirements (for eagles) or (for non-eagles) potential susceptibilities in offshore areas from certain types of development or activities (e.g. offshore energy development or longline fishing).

Although it is important to try to avoid and minimize impacts to all birds, efforts should be made, in particular, to avoid and minimize impacts to the birds on this list, especially eagles and BCC species of rangewide concern. For more information on conservation measures you can implement to help avoid and minimize migratory bird impacts and requirements for eagles, please see the FAQs for these topics.
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Details about birds that are potentially affected by offshore projects For additional details about the relative occurrence and abundance of both individual bird species and groups of bird species within your project area off the Atlantic Coast, please visit the Northeast Ocean Data Portal. The Portal also offers data and information about other taxa besides birds that may be helpful to you in your project review. Alternately, you may download the bird model results files underlying the portal maps through the NOAA NCCOS Integrative Statistical Modeling and Predictive Mapping of Marine Bird Distributions and Abundance on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf project webpage.

Bird tracking data can also provide additional details about occurrence and habitat use throughout the year, including migration. Models relying on survey data may not include this information. For additional information on marine bird tracking data, see the Diving Bird Study and the nanotag studies or contact Caleb Spiegel or Pam Loring.

What if I have eagles on my list?
If your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles, you may need to obtain a permit to avoid violating the Eagle Act should such impacts occur.

Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report The migratory bird list generated is not a list of all birds in your project area, only a subset of birds of priority concern. To learn more about how your list is generated, and see options for identifying what other birds may be in your project area, please see the FAQ "What does IPaC use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified location". Please be aware this report provides the "probability of presence" of birds within the 10 km grid cell(s) that overlap your project; not your exact project footprint. On the graphs provided, please also look carefully at the survey effort (indicated by the black vertical bar) and for the existence of the "no data" indicator (a red horizontal bar). A high survey effort is the key component. If the survey effort is high, then the probability of presence score can be viewed as more dependable. In contrast, a low survey effort bar or no data bar means a lack of data and, therefore, a lack of certainty about presence of the species. This list is not perfect; it is simply a starting point for identifying what birds of concern have the potential to be in your project area, when they might be there, and if they might be breeding (which means nests might be present). The list helps you know what to look for to confirm presence, and helps guide you in knowing when to implement conservation measures to avoid or minimize potential impacts from your project activities, should presence be confirmed. To learn more about conservation measures, visit the FAQ "Tell me about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds" at the bottom of your migratory bird trust resources page. 07/03/2023 1

WETLANDS
Impacts to NWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal statutes.

For more information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.S. Army Corps of Engineers District.

Please note that the NWI data being shown may be out of date. We are currently working to update our NWI data set. We recommend you verify these results with a site visit to determine the actual extent of wetlands on site.

THERE ARE NO WETLANDS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA.
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IPAC USER CONTACT INFORMATION
Agency: GHD
Name: Jane Cipra
Address: 718 Third Street
City: Eureka
State: CA
Zip: 95501
Email [email protected]
Phone: 7072672206

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Photo C-2. Google street-view of southern-most patch of salal-berry bramble SNC.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Photo C-3. Salal-berry brambles along Dinsmore Drive.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Photo C-4. Area of non-native grasses, redwood trees and Monterey pine-knobcone hybrids between Dinsmore Drive and Highway 101.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Photo C-5. Railroad tracks with mowed grases northeast of the Newburg road and 12th Street intersection.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Appendix D
List of Plant Species Observed On-site
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Table D1 All plant species observed within the PSB.

Scientific Name Common Name Native Family
Sambucus racemosa Red elderberry Native Adoxaceae
Allium triquetrum Three-cornered leek Non-native Amaryllidaceae Cotinus coggygria Smokebush Non-native Anacardiaceae
Toxicodendron diversilobum Poison oak Native Anacardiaceae Conium maculatum Hemlock Non-native Apiaceae
Daucus carota Wild carrot Native Apiaceae
Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Non-native Apiaceae
Heracleum maximum Cow parsnip Native Apiaceae
Oenanthe sarmentosa Water parseley Native Apiaceae
Scandix pecten-veneris Shepherd's needle Non-native Apiaceae Vinca major Periwinkle Non-native Apocynaceae
Ilex aquifolium English holly Non-native Aquifoliaceae
Hedera helix English ivy Non-native Araliaceae
Achillea millefolium Yarrow Native Asteraceae
Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed native Asteraceae
Artemisia douglasiana California mugwort Native Asteraceae Baccharis pilularis Coyote brush Native Asteraceae
Bellis perennis Daisy Non-native Asteraceae
Carduus pycnocephalus Italian thistle Non-native Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Non-native Asteraceae
Conyza canadensis Marestail Non-native Asteraceae
Erechtites minima Toothed fireweed Non-native Asteraceae Gnaphalium palustre Cudweed Native Asteraceae
Helminthotheca echioides Prickly oxtongue Non-native Asteraceae Hypericum perforatum St. John's wort Non-native Asteraceae Hypochaeris radicata Cat's ear Non-native Asteraceae
Lapsana communis Nipplewort Non-native Asteraceae
Leontodon crispus Hawkbit Non-native Asteraceae
Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy Non-native Asteraceae
Matricaria discoidea Pineapple weed Non-native Asteraceae Silybum marianum Milk thistle Non-native Asteraceae
Sonchus asper Prickly sowthistle Non-native Asteraceae
Sonchus oleraceus Prickly lettuce Non-native Asteraceae Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew Non-native Asteraceae
Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Non-native Asteraceae
Tragopogon porrifolius Purple goat's beard Non-native Asteraceae Alnus rubra Red alder Native Betulacaea
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Scientific Name Common Name Native Family
Borago officinalis Borage Non-native Boraginaceae
Myosotis micrantha Small-flowered forget-me-not Non-native Boraginaceae Myosotis stricta Blue forget-me-not Non-native Boraginaceae Brassica rapa Common mustard Non-native Brassicaceae
Cardamine hirsuta Hairy bittercress Non-native Brassicaceae Raphanus raphinastrum Wild radish Non-native Brassicaceae Centranthus ruber Red valerian Non-native Caprifoliacea Dipsacus fullonum Teasel Non-native Caprifoliacea
Lonicera involucrata Twinberry Native Caprifoliacea
Cerastrium glomeratum Mouseear chickweed Non-native Caryophyllaceae Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved allseed Non-native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Chickweed Non-native Caryophyllaceae
Convolvulus sp. Bindweed Non-native Convolvulaceae
Crassula connata Pigmy weed Native Crassulaceae
Sequoia sempervirens Redwood Native Cupressaceae
Carex obnupta Slough sedge Native Cyperaceae
Carex sp. Sedge Native Cyperaceae
Cyperus eragrostis Tall flatsedge Native Cyperaceae
Polystichum munitum Western sword fern Native Dryopteridaceae Equisetum arvense Common horsetail Native Equisetaceae
Equisetum telmateia Great horsetail Native Equisetaceae Acmispon corniculatus Big trefoil Non-native Fabaceae
Fumaria capreolata White-ramping fumitory Non-native Fabaceae Lathyrus latifolius Perennial sweet pea Non-native Fabaceae Lupinus bicolor Miniature lupine Native Fabaceae
Lupinus rivularis Riverbank lupine Non-native Fabaceae
Medicago polymorpha Burr clover Non-native Fabaceae
Trifolium arvense Hare's foot clover Non-native Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Lesser trefoil Non-native Fabaceae
Trifolium repens White clover Non-native Fabaceae
Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean clover Non-native Fabaceae Vicia hirsuta Hairy vetch Non-native Fabaceae
Vicia sativa Common vetch Non-native Fabaceae
Quercus robur English oak Non-native Fagaceae
Erodium cicutarium Redstem filaree Non-native Geraniaceae Erodium moschatum Whitestem filaree Non-native Geraniaceae Geranium dissectum Cutleaf geranium Non-native Geraniaceae Geranium molle Dove's foot geranium Non-native Geraniaceae GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Scientific Name Common Name Native Family
Geranium robertianum Herb robert Non-native Geraniaceae Escallonia rubra Red claws Non-native Grossulariaceae
Ribes sanguineum Red flowering currant Native Grossulariaceae Juncus bufonius Toad rush Native Juncaceae
Juncus patens Spreading rush Native Juncaceae
Lavendula stoechas Spanish lavender Non-native Lamiaceae Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal Non-native Lamiaceae
Prunella vulgaris Common self-heal Non-native Lamiaceae Linum bienne Blue flax Non-native Linaceae
Claytonia perfoliata Miner's lettuce Native Montiaceae
Eucalyptus globulus Blue gum Non-native Myrtaceae
Epilobium ciliatum Willowherb Non-native Onagraceae
Oxalis articulata Pink wood sorrel Non-native Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Creeping wood sorrel Non-native Oxalidaceae Pinus radiata Monterey pine Non-native Pinaceae
Bellardia trixago Mediterranean lineseed Non-native Plantaginaceae Plantago coronopus Cutleaf plantago Non-native Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata Ribwort plantain Non-native Plantaginaceae Triphysaria pusilla Dwarf owl's clover Native Plantaginaceae Agrostis stolonifera Creeping bentgrass Non-native Poaceae Aira caryophyllea Silver hairgrass Non-native Poaceae
Aira praecox Early hair-grass Non-native Poaceae
Anthoxanthum odoratum Vernal sweet grass Non-native Poaceae Avena barbata Slender wild oat Non-native Poaceae
Briza maxima Rattlesnake grass Non-native Poaceae
Briza minor Lesser quaking grass Native Poaceae
Bromus catharticus Rescue grass Non-native Poaceae
Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome Non-native Poaceae
Bromus hordaceus Hairy brome Non-native Poaceae
Cortaderia jubata Pampas grass Non-native Poaceae
Cynosurus echinatus Bristly dogstail grass Non-native Poaceae Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Non-native Poaceae
Festuca arundinacea Reed fescue Non-native Poaceae
Festuca bromoides Fescue Non-native Poaceae
Festuca californica California fescue Native Poaceae
Festuca myuros Rat-tail fescue Non-native Poaceae
Festuca perennis Italian ryegrass Non-native Poaceae
Holcus lanatus Soft chess Non-native Poaceae
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Scientific Name Common Name Native Family
Hordeum murinum Foxtail barley Non-native Poaceae
Hordeum sp. Barley Non-native Poaceae
Paspalum sp. Dallis grass Non-native Poaceae
Poa annua Annual bluegrass Non-native Poaceae
Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Non-native Poaceae
Polypogon monspeliensis Rabbit's foot grass Non-native Poaceae Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel Non-native Polygonaceae
Rumex crispus Curly dock Non-native Polygonaceae
Rumex occidentalis Western dock Native Polygonaceae
Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet pimpernel Non-native Primulaceae Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous buttercup Non-native Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Buttercup Non-native Ranunculaceae
Rhamnus purshiana Cascara sagrada Native Rhamnaceae
Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster Non-native Rosaceae
Crataegus monogyna Common hawthorn Non-native Rosaceae
Lyonothamnus floribundus Catalina ironwood Non-native Rosaceae Malus fusca Crab apple Native Rosaceae
Photinia sp. Photinia Non-native Rosaceae
Prunus avium Cherry tree Non-native Rosaceae
Prunus laurocerasus Cherry laurel Non-native Rosaceae
Prunus sp. Ornamental plum Non-native Rosaceae
Rosa californica Ornamental rose Non-native Rosaceae
Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Non-native Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Native Rosaceae
Rubus ursinus California blackberry Native Rosaceae
Sanguisorba minor Salad burnet Non-native Rosaceae
Galium aparine Cleavers Non-native Rubiaceae
Populus trichocarpa Black cottonwood Native Salicaceae
Salix lasiolepis Arroyo willow Native Salicaceae
Acer macrophyllum Bigleaf maple Native Sapindaceae
Scrophularia californica California figwort Native Scrophulariaceae Urtica dioica Nettle Native Urticaceae
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report Appendix E
Rapid Assessment Datasheets
Combined Vegetation Rapid Assessment and Relevé Field Form (Revised March 27, 2018)

Page 1 ends

For Office Use: Final database #:

F12-01 Final vegetation type:

Alliance: Salal-berry brambles
Association: Rubus ursinus
I. LOCATIONAL/ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ☐ Relevé or ☑ RA Database #:

F12-03
Date: May 9, 2023 11:08
AM
Name of recorder: Jane Cipra
Other surveyors:

UID: Location Name: Fortuna 12th Street, northbound 101 GPS name: For Relevé only: Bearing°, left axis at ID point of ☐ Long / ☐ Short side UTME UTMN Zone: 11 NAD83 GPS error: ☐ ft./ ☐ m./ ☐ PDOP Decimal degrees: LAT 40.58684749 LONG -124.15393283
GPS within stand? ☑ Yes / ☐ No If No, cite from GPS to stand: distance (m) bearing ° inclination ° and record: Base point ID Projected UTMs: UTME UTMN
Camera Name: Cardinal photos at ID point:

Other photos:

Stand Size (acres): ☑ <1, ☐ 1-5, ☐ >5 | Plot Area (m2): 100 / | Plot Dimensions x m | RA Radius 3 m Exposure, Actual º: ☐ NE ☐ NW ☐ SE ☐ SW ☑ Flat ☐ Variable | Steepness, Actual º: ☐ 0º ☐ 1-5º ☐ > 5-25º ☐ >25º Topography: Macro: ☐ top ☐ upper ☐ mid ☐ lower ☑ bottom | Micro: ☑ convex ☐ flat ☐ concave ☐ undulating Geology code: Soil Texture code: | ☑ Upland or ☐ Wetland/Riparian % Surface cover:

Site history, stand age, comments:

Brambles on fence adjacent to freeway
Disturbance code / Intensity (L,M,H): 01 Development / H / / / / “Other” / II. HABITAT DESCRIPTION
Tree DBH : ☐ T1 (<1” dbh), ☐ T2 (1-6” dbh), ☐ T3 (6-11” dbh), ☐ T4 (11-24” dbh), ☐ T5 (>24” dbh), ☐ T6 multi-layered (T3 or T4 layer under T5, >60% cover) Shrub: ☐ S1 seedling (<3 yr. old), ☐ S2 young (<1% dead), ☐ S3 mature (1-25% dead), ☑ S4 decadent (>25% dead) Herbaceous: ☐ H1 (<12” plant ht.), ☐ H2 (>12” ht.)
Desert Riparian Tree/Shrub: ☐ 1 (<2ft. stem ht.), ☐ 2 (2-10ft. ht.), ☐ 3 (10-20ft. ht.), ☐ 4 (>20ft. ht.) Desert Palm/Joshua Tree: ☐ 1 (<1.5” base diameter), ☐ 2 (1.5-6” diam.), ☐ 3 (>6” diam.) III. INTERPRETATION OF STAND
Field-assessed vegetation Alliance name: SHRUB: Salal - berry brambles (Gaultheria shallon - Rubus (ursinus)) Field-assessed Association name (optional): Rubus ursinus Adjacent Alliances/direction: / , /
Confidence in Alliance identification: ☐ L ☐ M ☐ H Explain:

Phenology (E,P,L): Herb Shrub Tree | Other identification or mapping information:

Combined Vegetation Rapid Assessment and Relevé Field Form (Revised March 27, 2018)

Page 1 ends

Database #: F12-03 SPECIES SHEET
IV. VEGETATION DESCRIPTION
% NonVasc cover: Total % Vasc Veg cover: 80
% Cover Conifer tree / Hardwood tree: / Regenerating Tree: Shrub: 80 Herbaceous:

Height
Class
Conifer tree / Hardwood tree: / Regenerating Tree: Shrub: 1-2m Herbaceous:

Height classes: 1=<1/2m, 2=1/2-1m, 3=1-2m, 4=2-5m, 5=5-10m, 6=10-15m, 7=15-20m, 8=20-35m, 9=35-50m, 10=>50m Stratum categories: T=Tree, A = SApling, E = SEedling, S = Shrub, H= Herb, N= Non-vascular % Cover Intervals for reference: r = trace, + = <1%, 1-5%, >5-15%, >15-25%, >25-50%, >50-75%, >75% Stratum Species % cover C Final species determination
Shrub (S) Rubus ursinus 80 No
Unusual species:

Combined Vegetation Rapid Assessment and Relevé Field Form (Revised March 27, 2018)

Page 2 ends

For Office Use: Final database #:

F12-02 Final vegetation type:

Alliance: Salal-berry brambles
Association: Rubus ursinus
I. LOCATIONAL/ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ☐ Relevé or ☑ RA Database #:

F12-05
Date: May 9, 2023 1:12
PM
Name of recorder: Jane Cipra
Other surveyors:

UID: Location Name: Fortuna 12th Street, between Dinsmore Dr and Riverwalk Dr GPS name: For Relevé only: Bearing°, left axis at ID point of ☐ Long / ☐ Short side UTME UTMN Zone: 11 NAD83 GPS error: ☐ ft./ ☐ m./ ☐ PDOP Decimal degrees: LAT 40.5862067 LONG -124.15509197
GPS within stand? ☑ Yes / ☐ No If No, cite from GPS to stand: distance (m) bearing ° inclination ° and record: Base point ID Projected UTMs: UTME UTMN
Camera Name: Cardinal photos at ID point:

Other photos:

Stand Size (acres): ☑ <1, ☐ 1-5, ☐ >5 | Plot Area (m2): 100 / | Plot Dimensions x m | RA Radius 3 m Exposure, Actual º: ☐ NE ☐ NW ☐ SE ☑ SW ☐ Flat ☐ Variable | Steepness, Actual º: ☐ 0º ☑ 1-5º ☐ > 5-25º ☐ >25º Topography: Macro: ☐ top ☐ upper ☑ mid ☐ lower ☐ bottom | Micro: ☐ convex ☐ flat ☑ concave ☐ undulating Geology code: Soil Texture code: | ☑ Upland or ☐ Wetland/Riparian % Surface cover:

Site history, stand age, comments:

Vegetation between freeway off-ramp and road
Disturbance code / Intensity (L,M,H): 15 Road/trail construction/maint. / H / / / / “Other” / II. HABITAT DESCRIPTION
Tree DBH : ☐ T1 (<1” dbh), ☑ T2 (1-6” dbh), ☐ T3 (6-11” dbh), ☐ T4 (11-24” dbh), ☐ T5 (>24” dbh), ☐ T6 multi-layered (T3 or T4 layer under T5, >60% cover) Shrub: ☐ S1 seedling (<3 yr. old), ☐ S2 young (<1% dead), ☑ S3 mature (1-25% dead), ☐ S4 decadent (>25% dead) Herbaceous: ☐ H1 (<12” plant ht.), ☑ H2 (>12” ht.)
Desert Riparian Tree/Shrub: ☐ 1 (<2ft. stem ht.), ☐ 2 (2-10ft. ht.), ☐ 3 (10-20ft. ht.), ☐ 4 (>20ft. ht.) Desert Palm/Joshua Tree: ☐ 1 (<1.5” base diameter), ☐ 2 (1.5-6” diam.), ☐ 3 (>6” diam.) III. INTERPRETATION OF STAND
Field-assessed vegetation Alliance name: SHRUB: Salal - berry brambles (Gaultheria shallon - Rubus (ursinus)) Field-assessed Association name (optional): Rubus ursinus Adjacent Alliances/direction: / , /
Confidence in Alliance identification: ☐ L ☐ M ☐ H Explain:

Phenology (E,P,L): Herb Shrub Tree | Other identification or mapping information:

Combined Vegetation Rapid Assessment and Relevé Field Form (Revised March 27, 2018)

Page 3 ends

Database #: F12-05 SPECIES SHEET
IV. VEGETATION DESCRIPTION
% NonVasc cover: Total % Vasc Veg cover: 90
% Cover Conifer tree / Hardwood tree: / 3 Regenerating Tree: Shrub: 85 Herbaceous: 5 Height
Class
Conifer tree / Hardwood tree: / 2-5m Regenerating Tree: Shrub: 1-2m Herbaceous: 1/2-1m Height classes: 1=<1/2m, 2=1/2-1m, 3=1-2m, 4=2-5m, 5=5-10m, 6=10-15m, 7=15-20m, 8=20-35m, 9=35-50m, 10=>50m Stratum categories: T=Tree, A = SApling, E = SEedling, S = Shrub, H= Herb, N= Non-vascular % Cover Intervals for reference: r = trace, + = <1%, 1-5%, >5-15%, >15-25%, >25-50%, >50-75%, >75% Stratum Species % cover C Final species determination
Tree (T) Alnus rubra 3 No
Shrub (S) Rubus ursinus 80 No
Shrub (S) Baccharis pilularis 5 No
Herb (H) Foenuculum vulgare 2 No
Herb (H) Rumex crispus 1 No
Herb (H) Briza maxima 4 No
Unusual species:

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Botanical Survey Report ghd.com The Power of Commitment
Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project 5-8 This document is in draft form. The contents, including any opinions, conclusions or recommendations contained in, or which may be implied from, this draft document must not be relied upon. GHD reserves the right, at any time, without notice, to modify or retract any part or all of the draft document. To the maximum extent permitted by law, GHD disclaims any responsibility or liability arising from or in connection with this draft document.

Appendix D
Natural Environment Study
Fortuna 12th Street Roundabout Project
Natural Environment Study
Fortuna 12th Street Roundabout Project
Fortuna, Humboldt County, California
HUM/101/PM 60.2-60.7
EA 01-0M340
EFIS 01 2200 0143
August 2023
Natural Environment Study
Fortuna 12th Street Roundabout Project
Fortuna, Humboldt County, California
HUM/101/PM 60.2-60.7
EA 01-0M340
EFIS 01 2200 0143
August 2023

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
Department of Transportation
City of Fortuna
Prepared By: ______________________________________ Date: ___________ Andrea Hilton, Environmental Planner
707-267-2279718 Third Street, Eureka, CA, 95501
GHD Inc.

Prepared By: ____________________________________ Date: ___________ Brendan Byrd, City Engineer
707-725-1469
City of Fortuna
Approved By: ____________________________________ Date: ___________ - Cassie Nichols – Senior Environmental Scientist Supervisor 707-798-7557
Local Assistance
Caltrans District 1
Approved By: ____________________________________ Date: ___________ - Christa Unger – Environmental Scientist
707-684-6995
Local Assistance
Caltrans District 1
08/29/2023
08/30/2023
08/30/2023
08/30/2023
The public can obtain this document in an alternative format by contacting the City of Fortuna at (707) 725-1469 or use the California Relay Service 1 (800) 735-2929 (Voice) or 711 for further information.

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NES i August 2023
Table of Contents
Summary.........................................................................................................................iv Chapter 1: Introduction................................................................................................... 1 Project History.............................................................................................................. 1 Project Description....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Study Methods............................................................................................. 2 Regulatory Requirements ............................................................................................ 2 Studies Required ......................................................................................................... 9 Personnel and Survey Dates ..................................................................................... 11 Agency Coordination and Professional Contacts ....................................................... 12 Limitations That May Influence Results ..................................................................... 12 Chapter 3 – Results: Environmental Setting.................................................................. 13 Description of the Existing Physical and Biological Conditions .................................. 13 Chapter 4 – Results: Biological Resources, Discussion of Impacts, and Mitigation ..... 39 Habitats and Natural Communities of Special Concern ............................................. 39 Special Status Plant Species ..................................................................................... 40 Special Status Animal Species .................................................................................. 42 Chapter 5 – Conclusions and Regulatory Determinations............................................. 70 Federal Endangered Species Act Consultation Summary ......................................... 70 Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Consultation Summary................................................. 70 California Endangered Species Act Consultation Summary ...................................... 71 Wetlands and Other Waters Coordination Summary ................................................. 71 Invasive Species ........................................................................................................ 71 Other.......................................................................................................................... 72 Chapter 6 – References ................................................................................................ 73 Appendix A - Figures ................................................................................................... 82 Appendix B – Site Visit Photographs ........................................................................... 83 Appendix C - CNDDB Database Search Results......................................................... 85 Appendix D - CNPS Database Search Results............................................................ 86 Appendix E - NOAA FISHERIES Official Species List ................................................. 87 Appendix F - USFWS IPAC Official Species List ......................................................... 90 Appendix G - Plant Species Observed......................................................................... 91 Appendix H - Wildlife Species Observed ..................................................................... 95 Natural Environment Study
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List of Tables
Table 1: Cumulative Projects Summary..................................................................... 2 Table 2: NatureServe Conservation Status Ranks..................................................... 8 Table 3: Habitats and Natural Communities of Special Concern Potentially Occurring or Known to Occur in the Project BSA ..................................................................... 15 Table 4: Special Status Plant Species Potentially Occurring or Known to Occur in the Project BSA ............................................................................................................. 16 Table 5: Special Status Invertebrate Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity ..................................................................................................................... 22 Table 6: Special Status Fish Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity 24 Table 7: Special Status Amphibian Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity ..................................................................................................................... 27 Table 8: Special Status Reptile Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity ................................................................................................................................. 28 Table 9: Special Status Bird Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity 29 Table 10: Special Status Mammal Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity ..................................................................................................................... 35 Table 11: Impacts to Fish and Habitat Resources ................................................... 51 Table 12: Plant Species Observed During Surveys May and June, 2023................ 91 Table 13: Wildlife Species Detected During Site Visit on 3/8/2023 .......................... 95 Acronyms List
API Area of Potential Impact
BIOS Biogeographic Information and Observation System
BMPs Best Management Practices
BSA Biological Study Area
Caltrans California Department of Transportation
CDFG California Department of Fish and Game
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CESA California Endangered Species Act
CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database
CNPS California Native Plant Society
CRPR California Rare Plant Ranking
CWA Clean Water Act
DPS Distinct Population Segment
ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System
EEZ U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESA Federal Endangered Species Act
ESU Evolutionarily Significant Unit
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NES iii August 2023
FE Federally endangered
FGC California Fish and Game Code
FP California fully protected
FT Federally threatened
GNR Globally Not Ranked
HCP Habitat Conservation Plan
IPaC Information for Planning and Consultation
ISMND Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration
MBPA Migratory Bird Protection Act
MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act
MSFCMA Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
NCRWQCB North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board NEPA National Environmental Protection Act
NES Natural Environment Study
NOAA Fisheries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries NPPA Native Plant Protection Act
PM Post Mile
ROW right-of-way
RSP Rock Slope Protection
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
SAL CDFW Special Animals List
SC State candidate for listing
SE State endangered
SFA Sustainable Fisheries Act
SNC Sensitive Natural Community
SONCC southern Oregon/northern California coast
SNR State Not Ranked
SR State Rare
SSC Species of Special Concern
ST State threatened
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
VegCAMP CDFW Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program Natural Environment Study
NES iv August 2023
Summary
The Fortuna 12th Street Roundabout Project (hereafter “Project”) is intended to improve traffic operation and safety at a key highway interchange in Fortuna, California. Highway 101 serves as the primary regional roadway in Humboldt County and is critically important to the residents and economy of Fortuna. The existing intersection controls, roadway geometry, and the high volumes of local and regional traffic on 12th Street result in poor traffic operation at and near the interchange.

Thirteen federally threatened, endangered, or candidate wildlife species were considered to have potential to occur within the Project vicinity based on database scoping. These species include Pacific Marten, Marbled Murrelet, Northern Spotted Owl, Western Snowy Plover, Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Green Sturgeon, Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Steelhead, Eulachon, Longfin Smelt, Tidewater Goby and Monarch Butterfly. The proposed Project will have no effect on these species and their associated critical habitat. Additionally, impacts to Essential Fish Habitat (EFH), designated for anadromous fish species in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, would not occur, as the Project does not involve in-water work or channel modification.

Twelve state threatened, endangered, or candidate wildlife species were considered have potential to occur within the Project vicinity based on database scoping and include Coho Salmon, Longfin Smelt, Tidewater Goby, Tricolored Blackbird, Marbled Murrelet, Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Willow Flycatcher, Bald Eagle, Bank Swallow, Northern Spotted Owl, and Pacific Marten and Western Bumblebee. The project would have no impact or a less than significant impact on these state-listed species with the incorporation of avoidance and minimization measures.

With the incorporation of standard avoidance and minimization efforts, potential impacts to other state special status wildlife species would not result.

Three special status plant species listed as both federally and state endangered or threatened were identified in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) official species list and California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) Quickview query; Menzies wallflower, beach layia, and Western lily. The Project would not impact or effect any federally or state listed special status plants as none were identified within the Project Area during protocol level field surveys.

The Project would result in temporary or permanent impacts to one upland Sensitive Natural Community (SNC): salal-berry brambles. Required compensatory mitigation for impacts to this SNC will be documents in the Project’s California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (ISMND).

Invasive plant species including Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus), pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata), and English ivy (Hedera helix) were noted in the Project’s Area of Potential Impact (API; see accompanying Botanical Memorandum GHD 2023a).

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NES v August 2023
Removal of these invasive species is recommended for incorporation into the compensatory Sensitive Natural Community mitigation.

The Project would not result in any impacts to wetlands as none are present in the API (see accompanying Wetland Delineation Report for additional details; GHD 2023b). The Project will not require any permits from the North Coast Regional Water Quality Board, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, or the California Department of Fish and Wildlife but will require compliance with CEQA and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

Environmental benefits of the Project include neutral or better effect on existing local drainage, flooding, and implementation of stormwater design to contemporary standards, as well as invasive species removal.

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Chapter 1: Introduction
Project History
Project Purpose and Need
The Project is intended to improve traffic operation and safety at a key highway interchange in Fortuna, California (Appendix A, Figure 1 – Vicinity Map).

Highway 101 serves as the primary regional roadway in Humboldt County and is critically important to the residents and economy of Fortuna. The existing intersection controls, roadway geometry, and the high volumes of local and regional traffic on 12th Street result in poor traffic operations around the interchange.

Project Description
The proposed Project would replace the existing 12th Street interchange with modifications to the northbound US 101 on- and offramps, widening of the highway overcrossing bridge or a new standalone structure to accommodate non-motorized vehicles, realignment of Newburg Road, and a new 5-leg roundabout on 12th Street at the northbound US 101 ramp (Appendix A, Figure 2 – Area of Potential Impact). The Project would simplify and improve navigation and traffic operations while reducing congestion and minimizing conflicts on 12th Street between Newburg Road and Riverwalk Drive, including the 12th Street/US 101 interchange. The Project would also create a gateway into central Fortuna that incorporates bicycle and pedestrian facilities, landscaping, and wayfinding.

The Project is located in the City of Fortuna in Humboldt County, California, on the Fortuna U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5” quadrangle (Appendix A, Figure 1 – Vicinity Map). The Project Area spans both the north-bound and south-bound 12th Street-Highway 101 entrances and exits. The Project Area also includes approximately 870 feet of Newburg Road and staging in the vacant lot south of Newburg Road. Access to the Project and staging areas is via paved roads, and all work will occur within the City’s right of way (ROW).

Area of Potential Impact (API)
The Project area, or area of potential impact (API) for the purposes of this Natural Environment Study (NES), includes all areas where Project-related ground disturbances are anticipated to occur. This encompasses the roadway and the proposed staging area(s), a total area of approximately 14.1 acres (Appendix A, Figure 2 – Area of Potential Impact). Approximately 65% the API consists of an existing paved roadway (construction area), adjacent road shoulders, and an empty paved lot (easternmost portion of API).

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NES 2 August 2023
Cumulative Projects
To evaluate potentially cumulative projects, outreach to the following local and state agencies was completed to identify any recent, current, or planned projects within 0.5 to 1.0 mile of the Project:
• Caltrans (1-mile radius)
• City of Fortuna (0.5-mile radius)
A cumulative project summary is provided in Table 1.

Caltrans responded and indicated they were aware of four projects within a 1- mile radius of the Project. The projects are located on and off the highway system.

Additional City of Fortuna projects within a 0.5-mile radius are included in Table

1. Table 1: Cumulative Projects Summary
Agency Project Construction
Year
In-Water
Work?
Caltrans Kenmar Road interchange
roundabouts
2024 or 2025 No
Caltrans Construct Materials Lab 2023 No
Caltrans Fortuna Median Paving/Fortuna
Median Roadside Safety Project
2026 No
Caltrans Rehabilitate Drainage/HUM-101
Drainage North
2026 No
Caltrans Fortuna Maintenance Station
Crane/Hoist
Not programmed
for construction
No
City of Fortuna Secondary Entry to Old Mill Site Long-term future No City of Fortuna Expired Approved Subdivision for
39 Homes on 23 acres
Unknown No
City of Fortuna Generator Repair Shop in
Commercial Zone
TBD, Building
Permit Pending
No
City of Fortuna Brewery Expansion in Commercial
Zone
Unknown No
Chapter 2 – Study Methods
Regulatory Requirements
Federal Jurisdiction
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
The ESA of 1973 (16 USC 1531 et seq.) establishes a national policy that all federal departments and agencies provide for the conservation of threatened and endangered species and their ecosystems. The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce are designated in the ESA as responsible for: (1) maintaining a list of species likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range (threatened) and that Natural Environment Study
NES 3 August 2023
are currently in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range (endangered); (2) carrying out programs for the conservation of these species; and (3) rendering opinions regarding the impact of proposed federal actions on listed species. The ESA also outlines what constitutes unlawful taking, importation, sale, and possession of listed species and specifies civil and criminal penalties for unlawful activities.

Pursuant to the requirements of the ESA, an agency reviewing a proposed Project within its jurisdiction must determine whether any federally-listed or proposed species may be present in the Project region, and whether the proposed Project would result in a “take” of such species. The ESA prohibits “take” of a single threatened and endangered species except under certain circumstances and only with authorization from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries through a permit under Section 7 (for federal entities or federal actions) or 10(a) (for non-federal entities) of the Act. “Take” under the ESA includes activities such as “harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.” USFWS regulations define harm to include “significant habitat modification or degradation.” On June 29, 1995, a U.S. Supreme Court ruling further defined harm to include habitat modification “…where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding, or sheltering.” In addition, the agency is required to determine whether the project is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any species proposed to be listed under the ESA or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat for such species (16 USC 1536[3][4]). If it is determined that a project may result in the "take" of a federally-listed species, consultation would be required under Section 7 or Section 10 of the ESA.

Critical habitat is defined by the ESA as a specific geographic area containing features essential for the conservation of an endangered or threatened species.

Under Section 7 of the ESA, critical habitat should be evaluated if designated for federally-listed species that may be present in a project’s Action Area (federally designated term for a BSA).

Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs)
Conservation plans were incorporated into the ESA in 1982 (sections 10(a)(1)(B) and 10(a)(2)(A) of the ESA, as amended) to create a pathway for take exemptions under the Act for federal and non-federal entities (previously prohibited under Section 9 of the Act). HCPs are planning documents that provide measures to minimize or mitigate Project impacts to listed or candidate species (as well as eagles, following 2011 guidance) at an ecosystem versus single-species level. An HCP provides a degree of assurance for private entities that measures agreed upon in the HCP by federal regulators and the entity would be upheld and not altered for the lifespan of the document, and no additional obligations (financial, land use, or other) would be required at a later date with respect to the species covered in the HCP (referred to as the “No Surprises Natural Environment Study
NES 4 August 2023
Rule”; 63 FR 8859). Requirements for issuance of an HCP require that all take is incidental, that take would be minimized and mitigated to the maximum extent practical, that adequate funds are available to implement the plan, and that the incidental take would not appreciably reduce the survival and recovery potential of the species, among others. HCPs also must comply with the Five Point Policy (65 FR 35242) that requires the incorporation of biological goals and objectives for each species in the document, adaptive management, monitoring, a set time frame for implementation, and public participation through the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) process.

The Project does not overlap any HCPs (Data Basin 2021a). The nearest HCP covers Humboldt Redwood Company property industrial timberlands and is located several miles northwest of the API (USFWS 2015).

Clean Water Act (CWA)
The CWA of 1977 as amended establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into waters of the U.S. It gives the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to implement pollution control programs, including setting wastewater standards for industry and water quality standards for contaminants in surface waters. The CWA makes it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, without a permit under its provisions.

Discharge of fill material into “waters of the U.S.,” including wetlands, is regulated by the USACE under Section 404 of the CWA (33 USC 1251-1376). USACE regulations implementing Section 404 define “waters of the U.S.” to include the territorial seas, tributaries, lakes, ponds, impoundments, and adjacent wetlands.

Wetlands are defined for regulatory purposes as “areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions” (33 CFR 328.3; 40 CFR 230.3). The placement of structures in “navigable waters of the U.S.” is also regulated by the USACE under Section 10 of the Federal Rivers and Harbors Act (33 USC 401 et seq.). Projects are approved by USACE under standard (i.e., individual) or general (i.e., nationwide, programmatic, or regional) permits. The type of permit is determined by the USACE and based on project parameters.

The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act requires consultation with the USFWS, NOAA Fisheries, and responsible state wildlife agency for any federally authorized action to control or modify surface waters. Therefore, any Project proposed or permitted by the USACE under the CWA Section 404 must also be reviewed by the federal wildlife agencies and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW).

Section 401 of the CWA requires any applicant for a federal license or permit, which involves an activity that may result in a discharge of a pollutant into waters of the U.S., obtain a certification that the discharge will comply with applicable Natural Environment Study
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effluent limitations and water quality standards. CWA 401 certifications are issued by Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs) under the California Environmental Protection Agency.

Executive Order 11990 – Protection of Wetlands
Executive Order 11990 of 1977 furthers the protection of wetlands under NEPA through avoidance of long- and short-term adverse impacts associated with the destruction or modification of wetlands where practicable. The order requires all federal agencies managing federal lands, sponsoring federal projects, or funding state or local projects to assess the effects of their actions on wetlands. The agencies are required to follow avoidance, mitigation, and preservation procedures. The Presidential Wetland Policy of 1993 and subsequent reaffirmation of the policy in 1995 supports effective protection and restoration of wetlands, while advocating for increased fairness of federal regulatory programs.

Executive Order 13112 – Invasive Species
Executive Order 13112 directs federal agencies to use relevant programs and authorities to:
• Prevent the introduction of invasive species;
• Detect and respond rapidly to and control populations of such species in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner;
• Monitor invasive species populations accurately and reliably; • Provide for restoration of native species and habitat conditions in ecosystems that have been invaded;
• Conduct research on invasive species and develop technologies to prevent introduction and provide for environmentally sound control of invasive species;
• Promote public education on invasive species and the means to address them; and
• Not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of invasive species in the United States or elsewhere unless, in accordance with guidelines that it has prescribed, the agency has determined and made public its determination that the benefits of such actions clearly outweigh the potential harm caused by invasive species; and that all feasible and prudent measures to minimize risk of harm will be taken in conjunction with the actions.

Executive Order 11988 (Floodplain Management)
Executive Order 11988 requires federal agencies to avoid the long- and shortterm adverse impacts associated with the occupancy and modification of floodplains and avoid direct and indirect support of floodplain development.

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Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
The MBTA of 1918 (16 USC 703-712) as amended established federal responsibilities for the protection of nearly all species of birds, their eggs, and nests. A migratory bird is defined as any species or family of birds that live, reproduce, or migrate within or across international borders at some point during their annual life cycle. The MBTA prohibits the take, possession, buying, selling, purchasing, or bartering of any migratory bird listed in 50 CFR Part 10, including feathers or other parts, nests, eggs, or products, except as allowed by implementing regulations (50 CFR 21). Only exotic species such as Rock Pigeons (Columba livia), House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), and European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are exempt from protection.

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSFCMA)
The MSFCMA of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) as amended provides the federal government with the authority to manage fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (from state waters which end three nautical miles offshore to a distance of 200 nautical miles). In addition, the Act mandates inter-agency cooperation in achieving protection, conservation, and enhancement of EFH. The Act defines EFH as "Those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity. For the purpose of interpreting the definition of EFH: 'waters' include aquatic areas and their associated physical, chemical, and biological properties that are used by fish and may include aquatic areas historically used by fish where appropriate; 'substrate' includes sediment, hard bottom, structures underlying the waters, and associated biological communities; 'necessary' means the habitat required to support a sustainable fishery and the managed species' contribution to a healthy ecosystem; and “spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity” covers a species' full life cycle" (50 CFR 600.10).

EFH relates directly to the physical fish habitat and indirectly to factors that contribute to degradation of this habitat. Important features of EFH that deserve attention are adequate water quality, temperature, food source, water depth, and cover/vegetation. Adverse effects to EFH are considered to be “any impact that reduces quality and/or quantity of EFH. Adverse effects may include direct or indirect physical, chemical, or biological alterations of the waters or substrate and loss of, or injury to, benthic organisms, prey species and their habitat, and other ecosystem components, if such modifications reduce the quality and/or quantity of EFH. Adverse effects to EFH may result from actions occurring within EFH or outside of EFH and may include site-specific or habitat-wide impacts, including individual, cumulative, or synergistic consequences of actions” (50 CFR 600.10).

Federal agencies are required to consult with NOAA Fisheries regarding any actions (may include funding, permitting, or activities) that may adversely impact EFH.

Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA)
The SFA of 1996 (Public Law 104-107) serves as an amendment to the MSFCMA to “authorize appropriations, to provide for sustainable fisheries, and Natural Environment Study
NES 7 August 2023
for other purposes”. The SFA includes requirements for describing EFH in Fishery Management Plans (FMP) and also mandates the protection EFH.

According to the SFA, “[o]ne of the greatest long-term threats to the viability of commercial and recreational fisheries is the continuing loss of marine, estuarine, and other aquatic habitats. Habitat considerations should receive increased attention for the conservation and management of fishery resources of the United States.” This act also mandates the delineation of EFH for all managed species.

State Jurisdiction
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act
The Porter-Cologne Act provides for statewide coordination of water quality regulations by establishing the California State Water Resources Control Board.

The State Board is the statewide authority that oversees nine separate RWQCBs that collectively oversee water quality at regional and local levels. California RWQCBs issue CWA Section 401 Water Quality Certifications for possible pollutant discharges into waters of the U.S. or state. On April 6, 2021 the California State Water Resources Control Board adopted new definitions and procedures for discharges of dredged or fill material to Waters of the State.

California Endangered Species Act (CESA)
The CESA includes provisions for the protection and management of species listed by the State of California as endangered, threatened, or designated as candidates for such listing (California Fish and Game Code [FGC] Sections 2050 through 2085). The CESA generally parallels the main provisions of the ESA and is administered by the CDFW, who maintains a list of state threatened and endangered species as well as candidate species. The CESA prohibits the “take” of any species listed as threatened or endangered unless authorized by the CDFW in the form of an Incidental Take Permit. Under the FGC, “take” is defined as to “hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill.”
Other State Special Status Species and Communities
The CDFW maintains a list of special status species (CDFW 2023d). These are broadly defined as species that are of concern to the CDFW because of population declines and restricted distributions, and/or they are associated with habitats that are declining in California. The criteria used to define special status species are described by the CDFW. Impacts to special status plants, animals, and SNCs may be considered significant under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

State Species of Special Concern (SSC) include those plants and wildlife species that have not been formally listed yet are proposed or may qualify as endangered or threatened.

Sensitive Natural Communities (SNCs)
CDFW provides oversight of habitats (i.e., plant communities) listed as Sensitive in the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) and on the California SNC List, based on global and state rarity rankings, and rankings by CDFW Natural Environment Study
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program (VegCAMP, CDFW 2023b). The natural communities are broken down to alliance and association levels for vegetation types affiliated with ecological sections in California. The alliances on the California SNC List coincide with A Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer et al. 2009, CNPS 2023a). In general, CDFW considers alliances and associations with a state rank of S1 to S3 to be Sensitive but has also determined some unranked communities to be Sensitive. The application of ranking for determination of Sensitive Communities is summarized as follows in Table 2 (NatureServe 2023):

Table 2: NatureServe Conservation Status Ranks
Name Calculated Status Rank Status Description
Score ≤ 1.5 G1 (Global), S1 (State) Critically Imperiled

1.5 ≤ Score ≤ 2.5 G2, S2 Imperiled

2.5 ≤ Score ≤ 3.5 G3, S3 Vulnerable

3.5 ≤ Score ≤ 4.5 G4, S4 Apparently Secure
Score > 4.5 G5, S5 Secure
California Fish and Game Code (FGC)
Native Plant Protection Act (NPPA)
The CDFW administers the NPPA (Sections 1900–1913 of the FGC). These sections allow the California Fish and Game Commission to designate endangered and rare plant species and to notify landowners of the presence of such species. Plant species on California Native Plant Society’s (CNPS) California Rare Plant Ranking (CRPR) Lists 1 and 2 are considered eligible for state listing as Endangered or Threatened pursuant to the FGC and CDFW has oversite of these special status plant species as a trustee agency. As part of the CEQA process, such species should be considered as they meet the definition of Threatened or Endangered under Sections 2062 and 2067 of the FGC. CRPR List 3 and 4 plants may warrant protection under CEQA Guidelines 15380 only in special circumstances. CDFW publishes and periodically updates lists of special status species which include, for the most part, the above categories.

Additionally, there are 64 plant species designated as “rare” which is a special designation created before plants were rolled into CESA in the 1980s. The CESA and the NPPA required a Project to have a “Scientific, Educational, or Management Permit” from CDFW for activities that would result in “take,” possession, import, or export of state-listed plant species including research, seed banking, reintroduction efforts, habitat restoration, and other activities Natural Environment Study
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relating to any plant designated SE (State endangered), ST (State threatened), SR (State rare), or SC (State candidate for listing).

Birds of Prey and Native Nesting Birds
Sections 3503 and 3513 of the FGC prohibits the take, possession, or needless destruction of the nest or eggs of any bird. Subsection 3503.5 specifically prohibits the take, possession, or destruction of any birds in the orders Falconiformes (hawks and eagles) or Strigiformes (owls) and their eggs or nests.

These provisions, along with the federal MBTA, essentially serve to protect nesting native birds. Non-native species, including the European Starling, Rock Pigeon, and House Sparrow, are not afforded protection under the MBTA or FGC.

Fully Protected Species
The CDFW enforces the FGC, which provides protection for “fully protected birds” (Section 3511), “fully protected mammals” (Section 4700), “fully protected reptiles and amphibians” (Section 5050), and “fully protected fish” (Section 5515).

As fully protected (FP) species, the CDFW cannot authorize any Project or action that would result in “take” of these species, even with an incidental take permit.

Migratory Bird Protection Act (MBPA)
The California MBPA (FGC Section 3513, as amended) was introduced in the California State Assembly 2019 by Assembly Member Ash Kalra and cosponsored by the National Audubon Society. The text of the Act specifies that it is unlawful to take or possess any migratory nongame bird as designated in the federal MBTA (16 USC 703-712) before January 1, 2017. This upholds the interpretation of the MBTA under Clinton’s Executive Order 13166, where “take” was defined as both “unintentional as well as intentional.” Governor Gavin Newson signed the Act into law on September 27, 2019. The MBPA effectively closes the federal MBTA loophole on incidental take of migratory birds in California.

Regional Jurisdiction
The Project is entirely within City limits and will not require any regional permits.

Studies Required
Biological Study Area (BSA)
The BSA, or the area directly or indirectly impacted by the proposed Project, encompasses a 500-foot radius around the API (construction area and staging area[s]) (Appendix A, Figure 3 – Biological Study Area, Appendix B, Photos 1-3). The BSA encompasses approximately 111.4 acres including the 14.1-acre API. The BSA boundary was determined based on the scope of work and includes all potential areas of impact (physical impacts such as sediment Natural Environment Study
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discharge and habitat loss, as well as potential for visual and auditory disturbance) to sensitive biological resources.

Literature Search
The following information or sources pertaining to biological resources within the BSA reviewed during this analysis, includes (but is not limited to):
• Bat Acoustic Monitoring Visualization Tool (BAMVT 2023); • Bumble Bee Watch - Bumblebee Sightings Map (Bumble Bee Watch 2023);
• CDFW Biogeographic Information and Observation System (BIOS) (CDFW 2023a);
• CDFW CNDDB Quickview (CDFW 2023c, Appendix A, Figure 4, Appendix C);
• CDFW Special Animals List (SAL) as of January 2023 (CDFW 2023d); • CNPS Online Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (8th Edition) (CNPS 2023b; Appendix D);
• eBird Hot Spot Data (eBird 2023);
• iNaturalist Occurrence Data (iNaturalist 2023);
• NOAA Fisheries EFH mapper (NOAA 2023a);
• NOAA Fisheries Critical Habitat-Salmon and Steelhead (NOAA 2023b); • NOAA Fisheries, West Coast Region, California Species List Tool (Appendix E)
• Satellite imagery of the proposed BSA and surrounding area; • USFWS Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) tool (USFWS 2023b; Appendix F);
• USFWS Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS; USFWS 2023a); and
• USFWS Wetlands Mapper (USFWS 2023c; Appendix A, Figure 5 – NWI Wetlands).

Field Reviews
A field reconnaissance wildlife survey of the BSA was conducted by GHD on March 8, 2023 and is described further below. In addition to the wildlife survey, a Natural Environment Study
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protocol level Special Status Plant and Sensitive Natural Community Survey (GHD, 2023a) and a Wetland Delineation (GHD, 2023b) were completed by GHD in 2023.

Additionally, a stream inventory survey was completed in 2009 by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG, now CDFW) for Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek tributaries to the Eel River. These surveys included biological inventories documenting juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) presence within the two creeks. The CDFG recommended both Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek be managed as anadromous streams (CDFG 2009a, CDFG 2009b).

Survey Methods
GHD performed pedestrian reconnaissance surveys for wildlife in the BSA by walking the full Project footprint (API) as well as adjacent accessible areas. Field investigations included a general inspection to characterize existing habitat with emphasis on areas having the potential to support special status species or sensitive habitats. The survey methods were intended to identify vegetation communities and sensitive habitat, and to determine the potential for sensitive species presence. Where the habitat allowed the surveyor to walk without risk of damaging nests or dens and surrounding vegetation, the survey included a physical search of the area. This included inspecting the ground, shrubs, culverts, holes, etc. for the presence of any wildlife species or special status plants. This reconnaissance-level survey was conducted to identify general wildlife resources, plants, and habitat in the BSA. No protocol-level surveys for special status wildlife were conducted at this time.

A formal wetland delineation was conducted (GHD, 2023b) and protocol-level surveys for rare plants were completed (see separate Botanical Report; GHD 2023a).

Personnel and Survey Dates
A reconnaissance-level biological field survey was conducted by Miles Hartnett, GHD wildlife biologist (hereafter surveyor), on March 8, 2023 0845-11:30, and The weather was cloudy with light rain and the temperature was approximately 45 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) with variable wind (Beaufort scale 2-3). The survey included an assessment of the entire API. The surrounding BSA, including adjacent private property, was assessed visually.

Wetland delineation field work was completed on January 26, 2023 by Jane Cipra, GHD Botanist, and Kerry McNamee, GHD Environmental Scientist.

Seasonally appropriate rare plant and SNC surveys were conducted by Jane Cipra, GHD botanist, on May 9 and June 29, 2023.

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Agency Coordination and Professional Contacts
Official Species Lists for the proposed Project were obtained from the Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office for the API (USFWS 2023b; Appendix F; March 2022).

Additional agency coordination has yet to occur but is anticipated as part of the permitting phase. Local agency permits from the City of Fortuna will not be required. The following permits are anticipated to be required for the Project:
• Caltrans Encroachment Permit
• County of Humboldt Encroachment Permit
Limitations That May Influence Results
The API was defined based on preliminary design and is subject to modification pending final design. Determinations reached in this NES are based on historic surveys and studies, as well as web-based sensitive species database and literature searches. Protocol-level surveys for rare plants have been conducted.

However, no protocol-level surveys or studies were conducted to determine the presence or absence of listed or sensitive wildlife species within the BSA; only relatively brief reconnaissance-level site visits were conducted. As the historic studies/surveys may not accurately reflect actual occurrence of species presence in the BSA at this time, conclusions were based on the assumption of presence or non-presence based on existing habitat conditions, and impact and minimization measures have been developed accordingly.

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Chapter 3 – Results: Environmental Setting
Description of the Existing Physical and Biological Conditions Information regarding existing biological and physical conditions presented in this section is based on literature review of known resources within the vicinity of the BSA and on-site investigations.

Study Area
The study area is limited to the BSA as defined above. A description of physical and biological conditions within the BSA and API is provided in the following sections. Representative photographs of the BSA are provided in Appendix B.

Physical Conditions
Climate
The Mediterranean climate is relatively mild and cool due to year-around coastal influences, including fog in the summer months. Precipitation primarily falls in the form of rain at this low elevation. Annual rainfall averages 49 inches per year in Fortuna (BestPlaces 2023). Air temperatures vary, with winter/summer highs in the 50s (degrees Fahrenheit) and high 60s, respectively.

Topographic Conditions
The topography of the BSA is generally composed of a flat road and highway overpass, and relatively flat agricultural or residential areas, and steeply incised banks along Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek (Appendix A, Figure 6 – Topography). The climate is mild and cool due to year-round coastal influences, including fog in the summer months. The elevation at the API is approximately 40-50 feet above mean sea level.

Hydrological Resources
Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek are within the BSA but are outside of the API (Appendix A, Figure 5 – NWI Wetlands). Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek originate on private timberlands and drain into the Eel River and ultimately the Pacific Ocean. Additionally, the API/BSA is located approximately 0.3 mile east of the Eel River. No wetlands or waters of the state are present in the API.

Biological Conditions
The API is located on the western edge of Fortuna, between the confluence of Rohner and Strongs Creek, a residential neighborhood, and an abandoned industrial paved lot. An inactive rail line dominated by California blackberry runs through the northeast portion of the API. The majority of the interchange is mowed grasses with knobcone x Monterey pine hybrids (Pinus attenuata X P. radiata) and redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) that were likely planted at the time of the freeway construction (EDR 2022). The southern arms of the API include mixed thickets of arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis), red alder (Alnus rubra), and California blackberry (Rubus ursinus). Invasive plant species of concern Natural Environment Study
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include English ivy (Hedera helix), and Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus).

Primary habitat features include several large individual redwoods, the Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek riparian area, and willow and blackberry thickets. While these habitat features are not extensive, they could harbor sensitive wildlife species and have habitat and aesthetic value.

Aquatic resources in the BSA include Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, anadromous tributaries to the Eel River; however, both creeks are excluded from the API.

Habitat Connectivity
Wildlife corridors refer to established migration routes commonly used by resident and migratory species for passage from one geographic location to another. Maintaining the continuity of established wildlife corridors is important to:
a) sustain species with specific foraging requirements, b) preserve a species’ distribution potential, and c) retain diversity among many wildlife populations.

Therefore, resource agencies consider wildlife corridors to be a sensitive resource.

Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek should be managed as anadromous fish streams (CDFG 2009) and serve as important corridors for resident and migratory fish species. General dispersal of terrestrial wildlife may also occur along the Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek riparian corridors through the BSA.

Terrestrial habitats are fragmented by roads and other development in the area.

No other terrestrial wildlife movement corridors or regional wildlife linkages have been identified within the BSA. The BSA is not located within or near a highintegrity forest habitat “natural landscape block” identified in the California Essential Habitat Connectivity Project (Spencer et al. 2010, Data Basin 2021b).

Regional Species and Habitats and Natural Communities of Concern Habitats and Natural Communities of Special Concern
A list of regionally occurring habitats and natural communities of special concern was compiled based on a review of the CNDDB database records (Appendix C) and the April, and July 2023 site visits. There are three SNCs with CNDDB occurrences in the Project vicinity: Coastal Terrace Prairie, Northern Coastal Salt Marsh, and Sitka Spruce Forest (within the nine-quad search, all specifically mapped in the Cannibal Island 7.5” quadrangle; CDFW 2022b). None of these known SNCs are present in the BSA.

The botanical surveys conducted in May and July, 2023 documented one SNC occurring in the API: Salal-berry brambles (GHD 2023a).

A discussion of the potential for habitat occurrence, avoidance and minimization measures, and potential Project-related impacts to habitats and natural communities of special concern is provided in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Natural Environment Study
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Shining Willow Groves SNC. Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek was identified as an aquatic feature and is discussed in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Aquatic Habitat, Regulated Waters, and Wetlands. Habitats and natural communities of special concern potentially occurring or known to occur in the BSA are listed in the following table.

Table 3: Habitats and Natural Communities of Special Concern Potentially Occurring or Known to Occur in the Project BSA
Name
Association Global
Rank1
State
Rank2
CDFW
Sensitive
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Coastal Terrace
Prairie
G2 S2.1 Yes A Not observed during botanical
surveys.

Northern
Coastal Salt
Marsh
G3 S3.2 Yes A Not observed during botanical
surveys.

Sitka Spruce
Forest
G1 S1.1 Yes A Not observed during botanical
surveys.

Salal-berry
brambles
Rubus ursinus Yes P Documented within the API
during field surveys. This
association is considered
Sensitive by CDFW.

Footnotes:
1 Global Ranks: G4 = Apparently Secure – Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors; G3 [Vulnerable] – At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors; G4 [Apparently Secure] – At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors (NatureServe 2023). 2 State Ranks: S4 = Apparently Secure – Uncommon but not rare in the state; S3 [Vulnerable] – At moderate risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors (NatureServe 2023). 3 Habitat Present/Absent: Absent [A], Present [P]
Special Status Plant Species
For the purpose of this study, special status plant species include plants that are (1) listed as threatened or endangered under the CESA or the ESA; (2) designated as rare by the CDFW; (3) state or federal candidate or proposed species for listing as threatened or endangered; and/or (4) that have a California Rare Plant Rank (CRPR) as designated by the California Native Plant Society (CNPS). Additionally, locally significant plants (CEQA Guidelines, § 15125, subd. (c)), or as designated in local or regional plans, policies, or ordinances) are considered special status plant species (CDFW 2018).

A list of regionally occurring special status plant species was compiled based on a review of the USFWS official species list (generated for the API; Appendix F; March 2022), CNDDB Quickview (generated for the Fortuna 7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads; Appendix C; February 2022), and CNPS (generated for the Fortuna 7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads; Appendix D; March Natural Environment Study
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2023) database records. Three federally-listed and state-listed plant species (also CNPS-ranked) have been documented in the Project vicinity (nine-quad search). There are also known occurrences of an additional 47 CRPR plant species within the nine-quad area. No special status plant species were observed during either seasonally appropriate protocol level survey (GHD 2023a). A list of plant species observed is provided in Appendix G.

Habitat requirements for each species were assessed and compared to the habitats within the BSA in order to evaluate the potential for species presence. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, avoidance and minimization measures (if necessary), and potential Projectrelated impacts to special status plant species is provided in Section 4.2. Special status plant species potentially occurring or known to occur in the BSA are listed in the following table. Effects determinations have been provided for all federallylisted species.

Table 4: Special Status Plant Species Potentially Occurring or Known to Occur in the Project BSA
Common Name Scientific Name Status1/
CRPR2 General Habitat3
Habitat
Present/
Absent4
Rationale
American
glehnia
Glehnia littoralis
ssp. leiocarpa

4.2 Coastal dunes A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.
beach layia Layia carnosa FT, SE,
1B.1
Coastal dunes, Coastal scrub
(sandy)
A No effect.

No suitable habitat is
present in the API. The
proposed project would not
adversely affect this species
or its critical habitat.
bristle-stalked
sedge
Carex leptalea 2B.2 Bogs and fens, Marshes and
swamps, Meadows and
seeps (mesic)
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.

California
pinefoot
Pityopus
californicus

4.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
Lower montane coniferous
forest, North Coast coniferous
forest, Upper montane
coniferous forest, Mesic
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.

Cascade
downingia
Downingia
willamettensis
2B.2 Cismontane woodland (lake
margins), Valley and foothill
grassland (lake margins),
Vernal pools
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.
coast
checkerbloom
Sidalcea
oregana ssp.
eximia
1B.2 Lower montane coniferous
forest, Meadows and seeps,
North Coast coniferous forest
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.

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Common Name Scientific Name Status1/
CRPR2 General Habitat3
Habitat
Present/
Absent4
Rationale
coast fawn lily Erythronium
revolutum
2B.2 Bogs and fens, Broadleafed
upland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest, Mesic,
Streambanks
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.
coastal marsh
milk-vetch
Astragalus
pycnostachyus
var.
pycnostachyus
1B.2 Coastal dunes (mesic),
Coastal scrub, Marshes and
swamps (coastal salt,
streamsides)
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.
dark-eyed gilia Gilia millefoliata 1B.2 Coastal dunes A No potential. No suitable habitat is present in the API.
dwarf alkali
grass
Puccinellia
pumila
2B.2 Marshes and swamps
(coastal salt)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (5 - 35
feet).
giant fawn lily Erythronium
oregonum
2B.2 Cismontane woodland,
Meadows and seeps,
Openings, Rocky,
Serpentinite (sometimes)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (330 –
3,775 feet).
harlequin lotus Hosackia
gracilis

4.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
Cismontane woodland,
Closed-cone/North Coast
coniferous forest, Coastal
bluff scrub, Coastal prairie,
Coastal scrub, Marshes and
swamps, Meadows and
seeps, Valley and foothill
grassland, wetlands,
roadsides
HP Moderate potential. Suitable
habitat is present in the API
(grassland, roadsides).
heart-leaved
twayblade
Listera cordata 4.2 Bogs and fens, Lower
montane coniferous forest,
North Coast coniferous forest
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.

Hitchcock's blueeyed grassSisyrinchium
hitchcockii
1B.1 Cismontane woodland
(openings), Valley and foothill
grassland
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (1000
- 1000 feet).
hoary
gooseberry
Ribes roezlii var.
amictum

4.3 Broadleafed upland forest,
Cismontane woodland, Lower
montane coniferous forest,
Upper montane coniferous
forest
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (395 -
7545 feet).

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Common Name Scientific Name Status1/
CRPR2 General Habitat3
Habitat
Present/
Absent4
Rationale
Howell's montia Montia howellii 2B.2 Meadows and seeps, North Coast coniferous forest,
Vernal pools, Roadsides
(sometimes), Vernally Mesic
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API (roadsides but not
mesic conditions).

Humboldt Bay
owl's-clover
Castilleja
ambigua var.
humboldtiensis
1B.2 Marshes and swamps
(coastal salt)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (0 - 10
feet).

Kellogg's lily Lilium kelloggii 4.3 Lower montane coniferous forest, North Coast coniferous
forest, Openings, Roadsides
HP Moderate potential. Suitable
habitat is present in the API
(roadsides).
leafy-stemmed
mitrewort
Mitellastra
caulescens

4.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
Lower montane coniferous
forest, Meadows and seeps,
North Coast coniferous forest,
Mesic, Roadsides
(sometimes)
HP Moderate potential. Suitable
habitat is present in the API
(roadsides).

Lyngbye's sedge Carex lyngbyei 2B.2 Marshes and swamps
(brackish, freshwater)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (0 - 35
feet).
maple-leaved
checkerbloom
Sidalcea
malachroides

4.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
Coastal prairie, Coastal
scrub, North Coast coniferous
forest, Riparian woodland,
Disturbed areas (often)
HP Moderate potential. Suitable
habitat is present in the API
(disturbed areas).

Menzies'
wallflower
Erysimum
menziesii

FE, SE,
1B.1
Coastal dunes A No effect.

No suitable habitat is
present in the API. The
proposed project would not
adversely affect this species
or its critical habitat.

Methuselah's
beard lichen
Usnea
longissima

4.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
North Coast coniferous forest,
on tree branches; usually on
old growth hardwoods and
conifers
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (165 -
4790 feet).
minute pocket
moss
Fissidens
pauperculus
1B.2 North Coast coniferous forest
(damp coastal soil)
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.

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Common Name Scientific Name Status1/
CRPR2 General Habitat3
Habitat
Present/
Absent4
Rationale
nodding
semaphore
grass
Pleuropogon
refractus

4.2 Lower montane/North Coast
coniferous forest, Meadows,
Seeps, Riparian forest, Mesic
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.

Oregon coast
paintbrush
Castilleja litoralis 2B.2 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal
dunes, Coastal scrub, Sandy
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.

Oregon
polemonium
Polemonium
carneum
2B.2 Coastal prairie, Coastal
scrub, Lower montane
coniferous forest
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.

Pacific gilia Gilia capitata
ssp. pacifica
1B.2 Chaparral (openings),
Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal
prairie, Valley and foothill
grassland
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.

Pacific golden
saxifrage
Chrysosplenium
glechomifolium

4.3 North Coast coniferous forest,
Riparian forest, Roadsides
(sometimes), Seeps
(sometimes), Streambanks
HP Moderate potential. Suitable
habitat is present in the API
(roadsides).
pink sandverbenaAbronia
umbellata var.
breviflora
1B.1 Coastal dunes A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (0 - 35
feet).

Point Reyes
salty bird's-beak
Chloropyron
maritimum ssp.
palustre
1B.2 Marshes and swamps
(coastal salt)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (0 - 35
feet).

Rattan's milkvetchAstragalus
rattanii var.
rattanii

4.3 Chaparral, Cismontane
woodland, Lower montane
coniferous forest, Gravelly,
Streambanks
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (100 -
2705 feet).
redwood lily Lilium
rubescens

4.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
Chaparral, Lower montane/
North Coast/Upper montane
coniferous forest, Roadsides
(sometimes), Serpentinite
(sometimes)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (100 -
6265 feet).
running-pine Lycopodium
clavatum

4.1 Lower montane/North Coast
coniferous forest (mesic),
Marshes and swamps, Edges
(often), Openings, Roadsides
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (150 -
4020 feet).
seacoast
ragwort
Packera
bolanderi var.
bolanderi
2B.2 Coastal scrub, North Coast
coniferous forest, Roadsides
(sometimes)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
Natural Environment Study
NES 20 August 2023
Common Name Scientific Name Status1/
CRPR2 General Habitat3
Habitat
Present/
Absent4
Rationale
range for this species (100 -
2135 feet).
seaside
bittercress
Cardamine
angulata
2B.2 Lower montane/North Coast
coniferous forest, wet areas,
streambanks
A Low potential. Marginally
suitable habitat is present in
the API.
sea-watch Angelica lucida 4.2 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal dunes/scrub, Marshes and
swamps (coastal salt)
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.
short-leaved
evax
Hesperevax
sparsiflora var.
brevifolia
1B.2 Coastal bluff scrub (sandy),
Coastal dunes, Coastal
prairie
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.

Siskiyou
checkerbloom
Sidalcea
malviflora ssp.
patula
1B.2 Coastal bluff scrub/prairie,
North Coast coniferous forest,
often roadcuts and roadsides
HP Moderate potential. Suitable
habitat is present in the API
(roadsides).
slender silver
moss
Anomobryum
julaceum

4.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
Lower montane/North Coast
coniferous forest, damp rock
and soil on outcrops, usually
on roadcuts, Roadsides
(usually)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (330 -
3280 feet).
sticky pea Lathyrus
glandulosus

4.3 Cismontane woodland A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (985 -
2625 feet).

Tracy's collomia Collomia tracyi 4.3 Broadleafed upland forest, Lower montane coniferous
forest, Rocky, Serpentinite
(sometimes)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (985 -
6890 feet).

Tracy's tarplant Hemizonia
congesta ssp.
tracyi

4.3 Coastal prairie, Lower
montane coniferous forest,
North Coast coniferous forest,
Openings, Serpentinite
(sometimes)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (395 -
3935 feet).
trailing black
currant
Ribes laxiflorum 4.3 North Coast coniferous forest,
Roadsides (sometimes)
HP Moderate potential. Suitable
habitat is present in the API
(roadsides).
trifoliate
laceflower
Tiarella trifoliata
var. trifoliata

3.2 Lower montane coniferous
forest, North Coast coniferous
forest, wet areas, moist shady
streambanks, edges
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (560 -
4920 feet).

Natural Environment Study
NES 21 August 2023
Common Name Scientific Name Status1/
CRPR2 General Habitat3
Habitat
Present/
Absent4
Rationale
western lily Lilium
occidentale

FE, SE,
1B.1
Bogs, fens, marsh, swamps,
Coastal prairie/scrub, North
Coast coniferous forest
A No effect.

No suitable habitat is
present in the API. The
proposed project would not
adversely affect this species
or its critical habitat.
western sandspurreySpergularia
canadensis var.
occidentalis
2B.1 Marshes and swamps
(coastal salt)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (0 - 10
feet).
white-flowered
rein orchid
Piperia candida 1B.2 Broadleafed upland forest,
Lower montane coniferous
forest, North Coast coniferous
forest, Serpentinite
(sometimes)
A No potential. The API is
outside of the elevational
range for this species (100 -
4300 feet).

Whitney's
farewell-tospring
Clarkia amoena
ssp. whitneyi
1B.1 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal
scrub
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.

Wolf's eveningprimrose
Oenothera wolfii 1B.1 Coastal bluff scrub, Coastal
dunes, Coastal prairie, Lower
montane coniferous forest,
Mesic (usually), Sandy
A No potential. No suitable
habitat is present in the API.

Footnotes:
1 Status: FE = Federal Endangered; SE = State Endangered. 2 California Rare Plant Ranking: 1A = Plants presumed extinct in California; 1B = Plants rare, threatened or endangered in California and elsewhere; 2 = Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere; Threat Code extensions and their meanings:” .1 - Seriously threatened in California (over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat); .2 – Moderately threatened in California (20-80% of occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat); .3 – Not very threatened in California (<20% of occurrences threatened / low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known)” (CNPS 2023b). 3 General habitat column information reprinted from CNDDB (March 2023; CDFW 2023c). 4 Habitat Present/Absent: Absent [A] - no habitat present and no further work needed. Habitat Present [HP] -habitat is or may be present. The species may be present. Present [P] - the species is present.

Special Status Invertebrate Species
Special status invertebrate species include species that are (1) listed as threatened or endangered under the CESA or the ESA; (2) proposed for federal listing as threatened or endangered; (3) state or federal candidates for listing as threatened or endangered; and/or (4) identified by the CDFW as SSC, California FP species, or species on their SAL (CDFW 2023d).

Natural Environment Study
NES 22 August 2023
The USFWS IPaC official species list (generated for the API; Appendix F; November 2022) and CNDDB BIOs QuickView Tool (generated for the Fortuna

7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads; Appendix C; November 2022) identified eight special status invertebrate species with known occurrences or potential to occur within the nine-quad search area, one of which is a federal candidate species. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, avoidance and minimization measures, and potential Project-related impacts to special status invertebrate species is provided in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Invertebrates of this document. Special status invertebrate species potentially occurring or known to occur in the BSA are listed in the following table.

Table 5: Special Status Invertebrate Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Mollusks
California Floater Anodonta
californiensis
--/--/SAL Freshwater lakes and
slow-moving streams
and rivers. Taxonomy
under review by
specialists. Generally
in shallow water.

HP No known occurrences within API
or BSA or surrounding 5 miles.

Marginal habitat present within
BSA. See Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special Status
Invertebrates.

Western Ridged
Mussel
Gonidea
angulata
--/--/SAL Primarily creeks &
rivers & less often
lakes. Originally in
most of state, now
extirpated from Central
& Southern Calif.

HP No known occurrences within API
or BSA or surrounding 5 miles.

Marginal habitat present within
BSA. See Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special Status
Invertebrates.

Newcomb's
littorine snail
Littorina
subrotundata
--/--/SAL Salt/brackish water
snail known only from
Humboldt Bay in
California.

Restricted to
Salicornia or the
muddy substrate
immediately below;
submerged in sea
water only a few hours
per year.

A No known occurrences within the
API or BSA. No suitable habitat
(e.g., salt or brackish water
habitat) present in BSA; excluded
from further consideration
Western
Pearlshell
Margaritifera
falcata
--/--/SAL Aquatic. Prefers lower
velocity waters.

HP No known occurrences within API
or BSA or surrounding 5 miles.

Marginal habitat present within
BSA. See Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special Status
Invertebrates.

Insects
Natural Environment Study
NES 23 August 2023
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Obscure Bumble
Bee
Bombus
caliginosus
--/--/SAL Coastal areas from
Santa Barbara county
north to Washington
state. Food plant
genera include
Baccharis ssp.,
Cirsium ssp., Lupinus
ssp., Lotus ssp.,
Grindelia ssp., and
Phacelia ssp.

HP Suitable habitat present; see
Chapter 4 – Discussion of
Special Status Invertebrates
Western Bumble
Bee
Bombus
occidentalis
--
/SC/SAL
Once common &
widespread, species
has declined
precipitously from
central California to
southern British
Columbia, perhaps
from disease.

HP Suitable habitat present; see
Chapter 4 – Discussion of
Special Status Invertebrates
Monarch Butterfly
- California
overwintering
population (pop. 1)
Danaus
plexippus
FC/--
/SAL
Winter roost sites
extend along the coast
from northern
Mendocino to Baja
California, Mexico.

Roosts located in
wind-protected tree
groves (eucalyptus,
Monterey pine,
cypress), with nectar
and water sources
nearby.

HP Suitable habitat present; see
Chapter 4 – Discussion of
Special Status Invertebrates
Fort Dick
limnephilus
caddisfly
Limnephilus
atercus
--/--/SAL Aquatic |
Klamath/North coast
flowing waters |
Klamath/North coast
standing waters
Known only from Fort
Dick in Del Norte
County
A No known occurrences within the
API or BSA. Outside of known
range (e.g., Del Norte County
area); excluded from further
consideration.

Footnotes:
1 Status: FC = Federal Candidate; SC = State Candidate; SAL = CDFW Special Animals List; UR = federally under review for listing (CDFW 2023a).
2 General habitat column information reprinted from CNDDB (March 2023; CDFW 2023c). 3 Habitat Present/Absent: Absent [A] - no habitat present and no further work needed. Habitat Present [HP] -habitat is or may be present. The species may be present.

Natural Environment Study
NES 24 August 2023
Special Status Fish Species
Special status fish species include species that are (1) listed as threatened or endangered under the CESA or the ESA; (2) proposed for federal listing as threatened or endangered; (3) state or federal candidates for listing as threatened or endangered; and/or (4) identified by the CDFW as SSC, California FP species, or species on their SAL.

The USFWS IPaC official species list (generated for the API; Appendix F; November 2022), NOAA Fisheries official species list (generated for the Fortuna

7.5” quadrangle, Appendix E) and CNDDB BIOS QuickView Tool (generated for the Fortuna 7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads; Appendix C; November 2022) identified eleven special status fish species that may occur within the ninequad search area, five of which are federally-listed species, one of which is a federal candidate species, and three of which are state listed. Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek within the BSA contains requisite aquatic habitat for several special status fish species. There is no aquatic habitat within the API. See Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Fish for general aquatic habitat conservation measures. Special status fish species that may occur within the nine-quad search area are listed in the following table. Effects determinations have been provided for all federally-listed species.

Table 6: Special Status Fish Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2 Habitat Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Green Sturgeon
Northern DPS
Acipenser
medirostris
--/--
/SSC
These are the most marine
species of sturgeon.

Exhibits spawning site fidelity.

Known to spawn in the
Klamath, Trinity, Salmon, and
Eel Rivers in California;
historically known to spawn in
the South Fork Trinity River.

Non-spawning adults occupy
marine and estuarine waters.

Spawns at temps between 8-
14 C. Preferred spawning
substrate is large cobble but
can range from clean sand to
bedrock.

A No known occurrences
within API or BSA. No
suitable habitat present
(species usually
associated with estuaries
and mainstem rivers);
excluded from further
consideration.

No effect.

Habitat is absent and no
in-water work will occur.

White Sturgeon Acipenser
transmontanus
--/--
/SSC
Live in estuaries of large
rivers, moving into freshwater
to spawn. Most abundant in
brackish portions of estuaries.

A No known occurrences
within API or BSA. No
suitable habitat present
(species usually
associated with estuaries
and mainstem rivers);
Natural Environment Study
NES 25 August 2023
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2 Habitat Present/
Absent3
Rationale
In estuaries adults
concentrate in deep areas
with soft bottoms.
excluded from further
consideration.

Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus
tridentatus
--/--
/SSC
Found in Pacific Coast
streams north of San Luis
Obispo County, however
regular runs in Santa Clara
River. Size of runs is
declining. Swift-current
gravel-bottomed areas for
spawning with water temps
between 12-18 C.

Ammocoetes need soft sand
or mud.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Fish.

Tidewater Goby Eucyclogobius
newberryi
FE/SE/-- Brackish water habitats along
the California coast from
Agua Hedionda Lagoon, San
Diego County to the mouth of
the Smith River. Found in
shallow lagoons and lower
stream reaches, they need
fairly still but not stagnant
water and high oxygen levels.

A BSA is located at an
inland location. No known
occurrences within API or
BSA. BSA does not
overlap designated
critical habitat (USFWS
2020b). No suitable
habitat (e.g., brackish
water) present in BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

No effect.

Estuarine habitat absent
in the BSA.

Western Brook
Lamprey
Lampetra
richardsoni
--/--
/SSC
Aquatic | Freshwater rivers
and streams.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Fish.

Coast Cutthroat
Trout
Oncorhynchus
clarkii clarkii
--/--
/SSC
Small coastal streams from
the Eel River to the Oregon
border. Small, low gradient
coastal streams and
estuaries. Needs shaded
streams with water
temperatures <18C, and
small gravel for spawning.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Fish.

Coho Salmon -
southern
Oregon /
northern
California ESU
Oncorhynchus
kisutch pop. 2
FT/ST/-- Federal listing refers to
populations between Cape
Blanco, Oregon and Punta
Gorda, Humboldt County,
California. State listing refers
HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Fish.

Natural Environment Study
NES 26 August 2023
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2 Habitat Present/
Absent3
Rationale
to populations between the
Oregon border and Punta
Gorda, California.

No effect.

No in-water work or
channel modification will
occur.

Chinook Salmon
- California
coastal ESU
Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha pop.
17 FT/--/-- Federal listing refers to wild
spawned, coastal, spring &
fall runs between Redwood
Cr, Humboldt Co & Russian
River, Sonoma Co
HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Fish.

No effect.

No in-water work or
channel modification will
occur.

Steelhead -
northern
California DPS
Oncorhynchus
mykiss irideus
pop. 16
FT/--/-- Coastal basins from
Redwood Creek south to the
Gualala River, inclusive.

Does not include summer-run
steelhead.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Fish.

No effect.

No in-water work or
channel modification will
occur.

Longfin Smelt Spirinchus
thaleichthys
FC/ST/-- Euryhaline, nektonic &
anadromous. Found in open
waters of estuaries, mostly in
middle or bottom of water
column. Prefer salinities of
15-30 ppt, but can be found in
completely freshwater to
almost pure seawater.

A No effect.

Estuarine habitat absent
in the BSA.

Eulachon Thaleichthys
pacificus
FT/--/-- Found in Klamath River, Mad
River, Redwood Creek, and
in small numbers in Smith
River and Humboldt Bay
tributaries. Spawn in lower
reaches of coastal rivers with
moderate water velocities and
bottom of pea-sized gravel,
sand, and woody debris.

A The BSA contains
requisite foraging habitat
within Strongs Creek.

However, this species is
believed to be extirpated
south of the Klamath
River. This species has
no potential to occur in
the API or BSA; excluded
from further
consideration.

No effect.

Footnotes:
1 Status: FC = Federal Candidate; FE = Federal Endangered; FE = Federal Threatened; SE = State Endangered; ST = State Threatened; SSC = State Special Status Species.

Natural Environment Study
NES 27 August 2023
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2 Habitat Present/
Absent3
Rationale
2 General habitat column information reprinted from CNDDB (March 2023; CDFW 2023c). 3 Habitat Present/Absent: Absent [A] - no habitat present and no further work needed. Habitat Present [HP] -habitat is or may be present. The species may be present.

Special Status Amphibian Species
Special status amphibian species include species that are (1) listed as threatened or endangered under the CESA or the ESA; (2) proposed for federal listing as threatened or endangered; (3) state or federal candidates for listing as threatened or endangered; and/or (4) identified by the CDFW as SSC, California FP species, or species on their SAL.

The USFWS IPaC official species list (generated for the API; Appendix F; November, 2022) did not identify any federally-listed amphibian species in the Project vicinity. The CNDDB BIOS QuickView Tool (generated for the Fortuna

7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads; Appendix C; November 2022) identified four special status amphibian species that have potential to occur within the nine-quad search area. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, avoidance and minimization measures, and potential Project-related impacts to special status amphibian species is provided in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Amphibians of this document.

Special status amphibian species potentially occurring or known to occur in the BSA are listed in the following table.

Table 7: Special Status Amphibian Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Pacific Tailed
Frog
Ascaphus truei --/--/SSC Occurs in montane
hardwood-conifer, redwood,
Douglas-fir & ponderosa
pine habitats. Restricted to
perennial montane streams.

Tadpoles require water
below 15 degrees C.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA. No
suitable habitat (e.g.,
high-gradient rocky
streams) present in BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Northern Redlegged Frog
Rana aurora --/--/SSC Humid forests, woodlands,
grasslands, and streamsides
in northwestern California,
usually near dense riparian
cover. Generally, near
permanent water, but can be
found far from water, in
damp woods and meadows,
during non-breeding season.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Amphibians.

Natural Environment Study
NES 28 August 2023
Common Name Scientific Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Foothill Yellowlegged Frog
North Coast
Clade
Rana boylii pop.
1 --/--/SSC Partly-shaded, shallow
streams and riffles with a
rocky substrate in a variety
of habitats. Needs at least
some cobble-sized substrate
for egg-laying. Needs at
least 15 weeks to attain
metamorphosis.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Amphibians.

Southern
Torrent
Salamander
Rhyacotriton
variegatus
--/--/SSC Coastal redwood, Douglasfir, mixed conifer, montane riparian, and montane
hardwood-conifer habitats.

Old growth forest. Cold, wellshaded, permanent streams and seepages, or within
splash zone or on mosscovered rocks within trickling
water.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA. No
suitable habitat (e.g.,
high-gradient rocky
streams) present in BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Footnotes:
1 Status: SSC = State Species of Special Concern.
2 General habitat column information reprinted from CNDDB (March 2023; CDFW 2023c). 3 Habitat Present/Absent: Absent [A] - no habitat present and no further work needed. Habitat Present [HP] -habitat is or may be present. The species may be present.

Special Status Reptile Species
Special status reptile species include species that are (1) listed as threatened or endangered under the CESA or the ESA; (2) proposed for federal listing as threatened or endangered; (3) state or federal candidates for listing as threatened or endangered; and/or (4) identified by the CDFW as SSC, California FP species, or species on their SAL (CDFW 2023d).

The USFWS IPaC official species list (generated for the API; Appendix F; March 2022) did not identify any federally-listed reptile species in the Project vicinity.

The CNDDB BIOS QuickView Tool (generated for the Fortuna 7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads; Appendix C; November 2022) identified one special status reptile species with potential to occur in the nine-quad search area. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, avoidance and minimization measures, and potential Project-related impacts to special status reptile species is provided in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Reptiles of this document. Special status reptile species potentially occurring or known to occur in the BSA are listed in the following table.

Table 8: Special Status Reptile Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity
Natural Environment Study
NES 29 August 2023
Common
Name
Scientific
Name
Status1 General Habitat2 Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Western Pond
Turtle
Emys
marmorata
--/--/SSC A thoroughly aquatic turtle of
ponds, marshes, rivers,
streams and irrigation
ditches, usually with aquatic
vegetation, below 6000 ft
elevation.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Reptiles.

Footnotes:
1 Status: State Species of Special Concern (SSC).
2 General habitat column information reprinted from CNDDB (March 2023; CDFW 2023c). 3 Habitat Present/Absent: Habitat Present [HP] -habitat is or may be present. The species may be present.

Special Status Bird Species
Special status bird species include species that are (1) listed as threatened or endangered under the CESA or the ESA; (2) proposed for federal listing as threatened or endangered; (3) state or federal candidates for listing as threatened or endangered; and/or (4) identified by the CDFW as SSC, California FP species, or species on their SAL (CDFW 2023d).

The USFWS IPaC official species list (generated for the API; Appendix F; November 2022) identified four federally listed species with potential to occur in the Project vicinity. The CNDDB BIOS QuickView Tool (generated for the Fortuna 7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads Appendix C; November 2022) identified 27 special status bird species with potential to occur within the ninequad search area. 12 special status bird species were determined to have habitat present within the BSA. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, avoidance and minimization measures, and potential Project-related impacts to special status bird species is provided in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Birds of this document. Special status bird species potentially occurring or known to occur in the BSA are listed in the following table.

Table 9: Special Status Bird Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity
Common Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Cooper's Hawk Accipiter
cooperii
--/--/WL Woodland, chiefly of open,
interrupted or marginal
type. Nest sites mainly in
riparian growths of
deciduous trees, as in
canyon bottoms on river
flood-plains; also, live oaks.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Northern
Goshawk
Accipiter gentilis --/--/SSC Within, and in vicinity of, coniferous forest. Uses old
nests and maintains
alternate sites.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA.

Typically associated with
mature, dense conifer
Natural Environment Study
NES 30 August 2023
Common Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Usually nests on north
slopes, near water. Red fir,
lodgepole pine, Jeffrey
pine, and aspens are
typical nest trees
forests at higher
elevations; excluded from
further consideration.

Sharp-shinned
Hawk
Accipiter striatus --/--/WL Ponderosa pine, black oak,
riparian deciduous, mixed
conifer, and Jeffrey pine
habitats. Prefers riparian
areas. North-facing slopes
with plucking perches are
critical requirements. Nests
usually within 275 ft of
water.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Tricolored
Blackbird
Agelaius tricolor --/ST/SSC Highly colonial species,
most numerous in Central
Valley & vicinity. Largely
endemic to California.

Requires open water,
protected nesting substrate,
and foraging area with
insect prey within a few km
of the colony.

A Closest known record is of
an extirpated colony in
Fortuna, approximately 2
miles south of the API
(CDFW 2023c). No known
occurrences within the
API or BSA. Rare
seasonal visitor to
Humboldt County. No
suitable habitat (e.g., open
water and emergent
vegetation) in the BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Grasshopper
Sparrow
Ammodramus
savannarum
--/--/SSC Dense grasslands on rolling
hills, lowland plains, in
valleys and on hillsides on
lower mountain slopes.

Favors native grasslands
with a mix of grasses, forbs
and scattered shrubs.

Loosely colonial when
nesting.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA.

Rare seasonal visitor to
Humboldt County. No
suitable habitat (e.g.,
native grasslands) in the
BSA; excluded from
further consideration.

Golden Eagle Aquila
chrysaetos
--/--/FP,
WL
Rolling foothills, mountain
areas, sage-juniper flats,
and desert. Cliff-walled
canyons provide nesting
habitat in most parts of
range; also, large trees in
open areas.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA. No
suitable habitat (e.g.,
grasslands, large trees for
nesting, etc.) in the BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Great Egret Ardea alba --/--/SAL Colonial nester in large trees. Rookery sites located
near marshes, tide-flats,
irrigated pastures, and
margins of rivers and lakes.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias --/--/SAL Colonial nester in tall trees, cliffsides, and sequestered
spots on marshes. Rookery
sites in close proximity to
foraging areas: marshes,
HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Natural Environment Study
NES 31 August 2023
Common Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
lake margins, tide-flats,
rivers and streams, wet
meadows.

Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus
marmoratus
FT/SE/-- Feeds near-shore; nests
inland along coast from
Eureka to Oregon border
and from Half Moon Bay to
Santa Cruz. Nests in oldgrowth redwood-dominated
forests, up to six miles
inland, often in Douglas-fir.

A Closest record is ~4.5
miles east of the API in
Headwaters Forest
Reserve (CDFW 2023b).

BSA does not overlap
designated critical habitat
(USFWS 2023b). No
suitable nesting habitat
(old growth coniferous
forest) is present in the
API or BSA; excluded
from further consideration.

No effect.

Required habitat not
present within the BSA.

Mountain Plover Charadrius
montanus
--/--/SSC Short grasslands, freshly
plowed fields, newly
sprouting grain fields, &
sometimes sod farms.

Short vegetation, bare
ground, and flat
topography. Prefers grazed
areas and areas with
burrowing rodents.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA.

Rare seasonal visitor to
Humboldt County. No
suitable habitat present in
API or BSA; excluded
from further consideration.

Western Snowy
Plover
Charadrius
nivosus nivosus
FT/--/SSC Sandy beaches, salt pond
levees & shores of large
alkali lakes. Needs sandy,
gravelly or friable soils for
nesting.

A API is located at an inland
location approximately 10
miles from the nearest
extant recorded
population (Humboldt Bay
South Spit; CDFW 2023c).

BSA does not overlap
designated critical habitat
(USFWS 2023a). No
suitable habitat present in
API or BSA; excluded
from further consideration.

No effect.

Required habitat not
present within the BSA.

Northern Harrier Circus
hudsonius
--/--/SSC Coastal salt and freshwater
marsh. Nest and forage in
grasslands, from salt grass
in desert sink to mountain
cienagas. Nests on ground
in shrubby vegetation,
usually at marsh edge; nest
built of a large mound of
sticks in wet areas.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Natural Environment Study
NES 32 August 2023
Common Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Western Yellowbilled CuckooCoccyzus
americanus
occidentalis
FT/SE/WL Riparian forest nester,
along the broad, lower
flood-bottoms of larger river
systems. Nests in riparian
jungles of willow, often
mixed with cottonwoods,
with lower story of
blackberry, nettles, or wild
grape.

HP Closest record is ~6 miles
west of the API near
Ferndale (CDFW 2023b).

BSA does not overlap
designated critical habitat
(USFWS 2023b). No
suitable nesting habitat
(old growth coniferous
forest) is present in the
API or BSA; excluded
from further consideration.

BSA does not overlap
proposed critical habitat
(USFWS 2020b).

No effect.

Required habitat not
present within the BSA.

Yellow Rail Coturnicops
noveboracensis
--/--/SSC Summer resident in eastern
Sierra Nevada in Mono
County. Freshwater
marshlands.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA. No
suitable habitat (e.g.
freshwater marsh) present
in API or BSA; excluded
from further consideration.

Snowy Egret Egretta thula --/--/SAL Colonial nester, with nest sites situated in protected
beds of dense tules.

Rookery sites situated
close to foraging areas:
marshes, tidal-flats,
streams, wet meadows,
and borders of lakes.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Willow Flycatcher Empidonax
traillii
--/SE/SAL Inhabits extensive thickets
of low, dense willows on
edge of wet meadows,
ponds, or backwaters;
2000-8000 ft elevation.

Requires dense willow
thickets for
nesting/roosting. Low,
exposed branches are used
for singing posts/hunting
perches.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA.

Typically at higher
elevations. No suitable
habitat present in API or
BSA; excluded from
further consideration.

American
peregrine falcon
Falco
peregrinus
anatum
--/--/FP Near wetlands, lakes,
rivers, or other water; on
cliffs, banks, dunes,
mounds; also, human-made
structures. Nest consists of
a scrape or a depression or
ledge in an open site.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA.

Marginal foraging and no
suitable nesting habitat
present in API or BSA,
flyovers may be possible;
excluded from further
consideration.

Bald Eagle Haliaeetus
leucocephalus
FD/SE/FP Ocean shore, lake margins,
and rivers for both nesting
and wintering. Most nests
A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA.

Marginal foraging and
Natural Environment Study
NES 33 August 2023
Common Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
within 1 mile of water.

Nests in large, old-growth,
or dominant live tree with
open branches, especially
ponderosa pine. Roosts
communally in winter.
nesting habitat present in
API or BSA, flyovers may
be possible; excluded
from further consideration.

Yellow-breasted
Chat
Icteria virens --/--/SSC Summer resident; inhabits
riparian thickets of willow
and other brushy tangles
near watercourses. Nests
in low, dense riparian,
consisting of willow,
blackberry, wild grape;
forages and nests within 10
ft of ground
HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Double-crested
Cormorant
Nannopterum
auritum
--/--WL Colonial nester, usually in
trees, occasionally in tule
patches. Nests along coast
on sequestered islets,
usually on ground with
sloping surface, or in tall
trees along lake margins.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA. No
suitable nesting habitat
(sequestered islets) or
foraging habitat (large
waterbody) are present in
the API or BSA; excluded
from further consideration.

Black-crowned
Night-heron
Nycticorax
nycticorax
--/--/SAL Colonial nester, usually in
trees, occasionally in tule
patches. Rookery sites
located adjacent to foraging
areas: lake margins, mudbordered bays, marshy
spots.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Osprey Pandion
haliaetus
--/--/WL Ocean shore, bays,
freshwater lakes, and larger
streams. Large nests built
in tree-tops within 15 miles
of a good fish-producing
body of water.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

California Brown
Pelican
Pelecanus
occidentalis
californicus
--/--/FP Colonial nester on coastal
islands just outside the surf
line. Nests on coastal
islands of small to
moderate size which afford
immunity from attack by
ground-dwelling predators.

Roosts communally.

A No known occurrences
within the API or BSA. No
suitable nesting habitat
(coastal islands) or
foraging habitat (large
waterbody) are present in
the API or BSA. Flyovers
may be possible; excluded
from further consideration.

Natural Environment Study
NES 34 August 2023
Common Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Black-capped
Chickadee
Poecile
atricapillus
--/--/WL Inhabits riparian woodlands
in Del Norte and northern
Humboldt counties. Mainly
found in deciduous treetypes, especially willows
and alders, along large or
small watercourses.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Bank Swallow Riparia riparia --/ST/-- Colonial nester; nests primarily in riparian and
other lowland habitats west
of the desert. Requires
vertical banks/cliffs with
fine-textured/sandy soils
near streams, rivers, lakes,
ocean to dig nesting hole.

A Closest known record
approximately 2 miles
west of the API along the
bank of the Eel River
(CDFW 2023c). No known
occurrences within the
API or BSA. No suitable
nesting habitat (e.g.,
vertical banks to dig
nesting hole) in the BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Yellow Warbler Setophaga
petechia
--/--/SSC Riparian plant associations
in close proximity to water.

Also nests in montane
shrubbery in open conifer
forests in Cascades and
Sierra Nevada. Frequently
found nesting and foraging
in willow shrubs and
thickets, and in other
riparian plants including
cottonwoods, sycamores,
ash, and alders
HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Birds.

Northern Spotted
Owl
Strix
occidentalis
caurina
FT/ST/SSC Old-growth forests or mixed
stands of old-growth and
mature trees. Occasionally
in younger forests with
patches of big trees. High,
multistory canopy
dominated by big trees,
many trees with cavities or
broken tops, woody debris,
and space under canopy.

A Closest known Activity
Center is HUM1023,
approximately 2 miles
northeast of the API
(CDFW 2023c). No known
occurrences within the
API or BSA. BSA does not
overlap designated critical
habitat (USFWS 2023a).

The narrow riparian area
within the BSA does not
contain suitable habitat
(e.g., mature contiguous
forest with complex
structure) and trafficgenerated noise
(moderate ambient
sounds levels, 71-80
Natural Environment Study
NES 35 August 2023
Common Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
decibels [dB]) along
Highway 101 likely
discourages nesting
activity adjacent to the
API. No suitable habitat
present in BSA; excluded
from further consideration.

No effect.

Required habitat not
present within the BSA.

Footnotes:
1 Status: FE = Federal Endangered; FD = Federal Delisted; FT = Federal Threatened; SE = State Endangered; ST = State Threatened; FP = CDFW Fully Protected Species; WL = CDFW Watch List Species; SAL = CDFW Special Animals List; SSC = State Species of Special Concern.
2 General habitat column information reprinted from CNDDB (March 2023; CDFW 2023c). 3 Habitat Present/Absent: Absent [A] - no habitat present and no further work needed. Habitat Present [HP] -habitat is or may be present. The species may be present.

Special Status Mammal Species
Special status mammal species include species that are (1) listed as threatened or endangered under the CESA or the ESA; (2) proposed for federal listing as threatened or endangered; (3) state or federal candidates for listing as threatened or endangered; and/or (4) identified by the CDFW as SSC, California FP species, or species on their SAL (CDFW 2023d).

The USFWS IPaC official species list (generated for the API; Appendix F; November 2022) identified one federally-listed mammal species with potential to occur in the Project vicinity. The CNDDB BIOS QuickView (generated for the Fortuna 7.5” quadrangle and surrounding 8 quads; Appendix C; November 2022) identified eleven special status mammal species with potential to occur within the nine-quad search area. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, avoidance and minimization measures, and potential Project-related impacts to special status mammal species is provided in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Mammals of this document. Special status mammal species potentially occurring or known to occur in the BSA are listed in the following table.

Table 10: Special Status Mammal Species with Potential to Occur in the Project Vicinity
Common
Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
Pallid Bat Antrozous
pallidus
--/--/SSC Deserts, grasslands,
shrublands, woodlands
and forests. Most common
in open, dry habitats with
A No known occurrence
records from API or BSA.

Recent sampling efforts
in coastal Humboldt
Natural Environment Study
NES 36 August 2023
Common
Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
rocky areas for roosting.

Roosts must protect bats
from high temperatures.

Very sensitive to
disturbance of roosting
sites.

County have not
detected this species
(BAMVT 2020). Species
typically occurs in more
inland, arid regions, and
present is not expected
to occur in a coastal,
environment; this
species is excluded from
further consideration.

Humboldt
Mountain
Beaver
Aplodontia rufa
humboldtiana
--/--/SAL Coast Range in
southwestern Del Norte
County and northwestern
Humboldt County. Variety
of coastal habitats,
including coastal scrub,
riparian forests, typically
with open canopy and
thickly vegetated
understory.

A No known occurrence
records from API or BSA.

No suitable habitat
(coniferous forest slopes
adjacent to suffice water)
present in API or BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Sonoma Tree
Vole
Arborimus pomo --/--/SSC North coast fog belt from
Oregon border to Somona
County. In Douglas-fir,
redwood & montane
hardwood-conifer forests.

Feeds almost exclusively
on Douglas-fir needles.

Will occasionaly take
needles of grand fir,
hemlock or spruce.

A No known occurrence
records from API or BSA.

No suitable habitat (e.g.,
Douglas-fir forest)
present in API or BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Townsend's
Big-eared Bat
Corynorhinus
townsendii
--/--/SSC Throughout California in a
wide variety of habitats.

Most common in mesic
sites. Roosts in the open,
hanging from walls and
ceilings. Roosting sites
limiting. Extremely
sensitive to human
disturbance.

A No known occurrence
records from API or BSA.

No suitable habitat (e.g.,
caves, large tree
hollows) present in API
or BSA, highly disturbed
area; excluded from
further consideration.

North American
Porcupine
Erethizon
dorsatum
--/--/SAL Forested habitats in the
Sierra Nevada, Cascade,
and Coast ranges, with
scattered observations
from forested areas in the
Transverse Ranges. Wide
variety of coniferous and
mixed woodland habitat.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Mammals.

Silver-haired
Bat
Lasionycteris
noctivagans
--/--/SAL Primarily a coastal and
montane forest dweller,
feeding over streams,
ponds and open brushy
areas. Roosts in hollow
trees, beneath exfoliating
bark, abandoned
HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Mammals.

Natural Environment Study
NES 37 August 2023
Common
Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
woodpecker holes, and
rarely under rocks. Needs
drinking water.

Hoary Bat Lasiurus
cinereus
--/--/SAL Prefers open habitats or
habitat mosaics, with
access to trees for cover
and open areas or habitat
edges for feeding. Roosts
in dense foliage of medium
to large trees. Feeds
primarily on moths.

Requires water.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Mammals.

Pacific Marten,
Coastal Distinct
Population
Segment
(Humboldt
Marten)
Martes caurina
humboldtensis
FT/SE/SSC Occurs only in the coastal
redwood zone from the
Oregon border south to
Sonoma County.

Associated with latesuccessional coniferous
forests, prefer forests with
low, overhead cover.

A Closest record is
historical (1913) near
Carlotta, ~5.3 miles east
of the API (CDFW
2023c). No known
occurrence records from
API or BSA. BSA does
not overlap proposed
critical habitat (USFWS
2023b). There are no
recent records of this
species south of the
Klamath River. Current
populations are only
known from coastal
redwood forests in Del
Norte and northern
Humboldt County
(CDFW 2018). No
suitable habitat within the
BSA; species is excluded
from further
consideration.

No effect.

South of known range
and habitat not present.

Yuma Myotis Myotis
yumanensis
--/--/SAL Optimal habitats are open
forests and woodlands with
sources of water over
which to feed. Distribution
is closely tied to bodies of
water. Maternity colonies
in caves, mines, buildings
or crevices.

HP Suitable habitat present;
see Chapter 4 –
Discussion of Special
Status Mammals.

Fisher Pekania
pennanti
--/--/SSC Intermediate to large-tree
stages of coniferous
forests and deciduousriparian areas with high
percent canopy closure.

Uses cavities, snags, logs
and rocky areas for cover
A No known occurrence
records from API or BSA.

No suitable habitat
present in API or BSA;
excluded from further
consideration.

Natural Environment Study
NES 38 August 2023
Common
Name Scientific
Name Status1 General Habitat2
Habitat
Present/
Absent3
Rationale
and denning. Needs large
areas of mature, dense
forest.

American
badger
Taxidea taxus --/--/SSC Most abundant in drier
open stages of most shrub,
forest, and herbaceous
habitats, with friable soils.

Needs sufficient food,
friable soils and open,
uncultivated ground. Preys
on burrowing rodents. Digs
burrows.

A No known occurrence
records from API or BSA.

No suitable habitat
present in API or BSA,
very uncommon in the
North Coast; excluded
from further
consideration.

Footnotes:
1 Status: FPT = Federal Proposed Threatened; SE = State Endangered; SSC = State Species of Special Concern; FP = State Fully Protected Species.
2 General habitat column information reprinted from CNDDB (March 2023; CDFW 2023c). 3 Habitat Present/Absent: Absent [A] - no habitat present and no further work needed. Habitat Present [HP] -habitat is or may be present. The species may be present. Present [P] - the species is present.

Natural Environment Study
NES 39 August 2023
Chapter 4 – Results: Biological Resources, Discussion of Impacts, and Mitigation
Habitats and Natural Communities of Special Concern
One SNC was identified in the Project Area: Salal-berry brambles. Planted redwoods occurring in the Project Area have not been classified as an SNC as they do not form a canopy and are not a natural community. Areas of invasive Himalayan blackberry are recommended for removal as mitigation for disturbance to SNCs, or other sensitive resources. No critical habitat for federally-listed plants or wildlife occurs within the API or BSA.

Discussion of Salal-berry brambles SNC
The Salal-berry brambles alliance (GNR, S4) is not considered sensitive at the alliance level; however, the Rubus ursinus association (GNR, SNR) within this alliance is designated sensitive by the CDFW VegCAMP (Sawyer et al. 2009, CDFW 2023b). This association is characterized by a dominant cover or California blackberry (Rubus ursinus) with no other trees or shrubs.

Survey Results
Four stands of Salal-berry brambles, Rubus ursinus alliance were observed in the Project Area along the east side of Highway 101, and between Dinsmore Drive and Riverwalk Drive (Appendix A, Figure 7).

Project Impacts
Portions of Salal-berry brambles may be temporarily or permanently impacted as a result of construction. The footprint of temporary and permanent impacts will be determined as Project design progresses.

Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
Pruning and removal of blackberry vines will be kept to the minimum necessary for fire safety and to complete project activities.

Compensatory Mitigation
If impacts to Salal-berry brambles cannot be avoided, this SNC shall be replaced either on or off-site at no less than a 1:1 ratio. Alternatively, Himalayan blackberry may be removed from existing stands of berry brambles within the API as mitigation for Project impacts.

Cumulative Impacts
SNC mapping for the cumulative projects summarized in Table 1 is not available; however, each of the considered cumulative projects would also be subject to review under CEQA. As such, any potential impact to SNCs would be addressed through each project’s separate requirements for compensatory mitigation. Cumulative impacts to SNCs would not occur.

Natural Environment Study
NES 40 August 2023
Discussion of Aquatic Habitat, Regulated Waters, and Wetlands Aquatic habitat in the BSA includes the waters of Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, an anadromous tributary to Strongs Creek and the Eel River. There are no wetlands or other waters within the API (GHD 2023b).

Survey Results
Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek were not surveyed for the purposes of this report, as no in-water work, culvert modification, riparian habitat removal or alteration, and/or channel modification will occur. Standard erosion control measures would limit inadvertent inputs of fine sediments or contaminants into aquatic resources during construction.

A National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) query was completed and a delineation conducted (see Appendix A, Figure 5 – NWI Wetlands). No wetlands or other waters are present within the API.

Project Impacts
The Project would not impact any aquatic habitat, regulated waters, or wetlands.

Special Status Plant Species
As discussed in Chapter 3, based on the USFWS Official Species List generated for the API (Appendix F; January 2023), three federally-listed plant species (also state-listed and CNPS-ranked) occur within the Project vicinity, but are not expected to occur within the API or greater BSA given a lack of suitable habitat. No special status plant species were observed during two protocol-level botanical surveys conducted in 2023.

There are 47 additional CNPS ranked plant species records in CNDDB known to occur in the nine-quad area surrounding the API (CDFW 2023c, CNPS 2023b). A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, survey results, potential Project-related impacts, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, compensatory mitigation, and cumulative impacts to federally and state listed plant species is provided below.

Discussion of Special Status Plant Species
Beach layia (FT, SE, 1B.1)
Beach layia (Layia carnosa) is listed as federally threatened, state endangered, and has a CRPR rank of 1B.1 which means it is rare or endangered throughout its range, and seriously threatened in California (CNPS 2023b). This species is an annual herb in the sunflower family (Asteraceae) that typically blooms from March through July (CNPS 2023). This species grows in sandy coastal dunes and coastal scrub from sea level to 195 feet in California (Humboldt, Marin, Monterey, San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Barbara Counties).

The closest known record is from 2005, on coastal dunes approximately 9.6 miles northwest of the API (CDFW 2023a). There is no suitable habitat within API and this Natural Environment Study
NES 41 August 2023
species was not observed during protocol-level floristic surveys in 2023 (GHD 2023a).

No effects or impacts to beach layia would occur.

Menzies' wallflower (FE, SE, 1B.1)
Menzies' wallflower (Erysimum menziesii) is listed as federally endangered, state endangered, and has a CRPR rank of 1B.1 which means it is rare or endangered throughout its range, and seriously threatened in California (CNPS 2023b). This species is a perennial herb in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) that typically blooms from March through September (CNPS 2023b). This species grows in coastal dunes and from sea level to 115 feet in California (Humboldt, Mendocino, and Monterey Counties).

The closest known record is from 2014, on coastal dunes approximately 10 miles northwest of the API (CDFW 2023a). There is no suitable habitat within API and this species was not observed during protocol-level floristic surveys in 2023 (GHD 2023a).

No effects or impacts to Menzies’ wallflower would occur.

Western lily (FE, SE, 1B.1)
Western lily (Lilium occidentale) is listed as federally endangered, state endangered, and has a CRPR rank of 1B.1 which means it is rare or endangered throughout its range, and seriously threatened in California (CNPS 2023b). This species is a perennial bulbiferous herb in the lily family (Liliaceae) that typically blooms from June through July (CNPS 2023b). This species grows in bogs, fens, marshes, swamps, coastal bluff scrub, coastal prairie, coastal scrub, and openings in North Coast coniferous forest from 5 to 605 feet in California (Del Norte and Humboldt Counties).

Observation records for this collectible species are suppressed in CNDDB (CDFW 2023a). There are records of this species in the Fortuna USGS quad from 1938, 2005, 2007, and 2011. There is no suitable habitat within API and this species was not observed during protocol-level floristic surveys in 2023 (GHD 2023a). No effects or impacts to western lily are anticipated.

Survey Results
No special status plants were observed during the two protocol-level, seasonally appropriate floristic surveys conducted in 2023 within the API. See separate Botanical Survey Report for a list of plant species observed on-site (GHD 2023a).

The API and BSA do not overlap designated or proposed critical habitat for any federally-listed plant species.

Project Impacts
Since protocol-level surveys have been completed and no special plant status species were observed, this study concludes the evaluation of potential impacts to special status plant species. Available roadside habitat is generally disturbed and low quality. No impacts to special status plant species would occur.

Natural Environment Study
NES 42 August 2023
Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
As no impacts to special status plants would occur; therefore, no avoidance or minimization efforts are proposed.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed such that conservation measures and proposed avoidance and minimization measures shall avoid or minimize potential effects to vegetation to the fullest extent feasible. A small amount of disturbance to vegetation will occur; however, no compensatory mitigation is proposed for special status plant species because floristic surveys have not identified sensitive species that would be impacted, and the temporary disturbance area will be restored in place.

Cumulative Impacts
Special status plant mapping results for the cumulative projects summarized in Table 1 is not available and/or has not been completed for all identified projects; however, each of the considered cumulative projects would also be required to undergo CEQA review.

As such, any potential impact to special status plants would be addressed through separate requirements for compensatory mitigation. As such, cumulative impacts to special status plants would not result.

Special Status Animal Species
Discussion of Special Status Invertebrates
As discussed in Chapter 3, there are eight special status invertebrate species, including one federal candidate, that have potential to occur within the nine-quad scoping area and five that the BSA likely provides suitable habitat for. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, survey results, potential Project-related impacts, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, compensatory mitigation, and cumulative impacts to invertebrate species is provided below.

California Floater (SAL)
A great deal of uncertainty surrounds the taxonomy of this species and its western North American cogeners, Anodonta wahlametensis, Anodonta nuttalliana, and Anodonta oregonensis (NatureServe 2023). The historic range of the California Floater may have spanned from British Columbia to Mexico (NatureServe 2023). It is considered extirpated from the Central Valley of California and its current range is disjunct (NatureServe 2023). Extant populations in California may be limited to the Fall and Pit rivers in Shasta County (NatureServe 2023). One large population (approximately 8,000 individuals) has been recorded in the Eel River with thousands in a 100-meter span of a river bend (NatureServe 2023). This species is threatened by pollution, water diversion and impoundments, elimination of their fish host species, and eutrophication (NatureServe 2023).

There are no known occurrences within API or BSA or surrounding 5 miles (CDFW 2023a). Based on suitable aquatic habitat, the species may be present in the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, although no suitable habitat is present in the Natural Environment Study
NES 43 August 2023
API. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, no impact would result to the California Floater.

Western Ridged Mussel (SAL)
Western Ridged Mussels were historically known from rivers and creeks across western North America including California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, and British Columbia (Blevins and Selvaggio 2020). However, the species has experienced a drastic 43% range reduction, especially within southern California (Blevins and Selvaggio 2020). Recent studies have documented their presence in northern California and southern Oregon rivers (Howard 2010).

There are no known occurrences within API or BSA or surrounding 5 miles (CDFW 2023a). Based on suitable aquatic habitat, the species may be present in the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, although no suitable habitat is present in the API. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, no impact would result to the Western Ridged Mussel.

Western Pearlshell (SAL)
The Western Pearlshell is an aquatic freshwater mussel. Its geographic distribution spans the western U.S. including Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming (NatureServe 2023). The mussel tends to prefer low velocity water. This species is primarily threatened by water diversion, pollution, and siltation (NatureServe 2023).

There are no known occurrences within API or BSA or surrounding 5 miles (CDFW 2023a). Based on suitable aquatic habitat, the species may be present in the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, although no suitable habitat is present in the API. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, no impact would result to the Western Pearlshell.

Obscure Bumble Bee (SAL)
Individuals can live approximately one year (Hatfield et al. 2014). They occur in coastal habitat within the fog-belt from British Columbia to southern California (Koch and Williams 2012, Hatfield et al. 2014). Preferred plants for foraging include the following genera: Baccharis, Cirsium, Lupinus, Lotus, Grindelia, Phacelia (Koch and Williams 2012). Their populations have experienced severe declines range wide. These declines are poorly understood, largely because they overlap with Bombus vosnesenskii, a common bee that is difficult to distinguish from B. caliginosus in the field (Xerces Society 2023).

The closest known record is from 1968 in Ferndale, approximately 6 miles west of the API (CDFW 2023a). The API and BSA fall within the species current range (Hatfield et al. 2014). In addition, the API and BSA is within the coastal fog belt and includes several of the species' food plants. The API largely consists of ruderal habitat conditions and impacts to the Obscure Bumble Bee are expected be temporary in nature and less than significant.

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Western Bumble Bee (SC, SAL)
Western Bumble Bees were historically widespread in coastal valleys and foothills throughout western North America. However, the species has experienced precipitous declines and they are now regionally rare. Western Bumble Bees are habitat generalists but require reliable sources of nectar plants and pollen resources (blooming periods from spring through fall). Meadow complexes are a preferred habitat type (DoW 2015).

Colonies are typically located underground in rodent burrows (Bumble Bee Watch 2021).

The closest known record is from 1970 in Fortuna, within 1 mile of the API (CDFW 2023a). There are no recent documented occurrences of this species within the BSA or nearby (Bumble Bee Watch 2021, CDFW 2023b). Although the API and BSA fall within the species’ pre-2002 range (according to ICUN Redlist), the range has contracted significantly in the last decade and now primarily includes the intermountain west and cascade regions of the US (Hatfield et al. 2015). This being the case, the species is not expected to occur in the API or BSA during construction. Impacts to the Western Bumble Bee are expected be less than significant.

Monarch Butterfly (FC)
The Monarch Butterfly - California overwintering population (pop. 1) was proposed for listing under the federal ESA in 2014 (Xerces Society 2014). Critical habitat has not been designated or proposed (USFWS 2023b).

Monarchs are distributed across North America in the spring and summer months. The Continental Divide splits their overwintering populations: those on the eastern side typically overwinter in Mexico, while those on the western side overwinter in California.

There are over 400 known overwintering sites along the coast of California from Mendocino County to Baja California, Mexico (Pelton et al. 2016). Individuals begin arriving at their overwintering sites in October and remain as late as early March (Marriott 1997). Mating begins during warm days in late January, and subsequently females begin dispersing inland to lay their eggs on their obligate host plant, milkweed (Asclepias spp.; Marriott 1997). They rely on milkweed for larval development and various nectar plants for adult food. Threats to their populations include breeding habitat loss and pesticide use, as well as loss to their overwintering habitat (Pelton et al. 2016).

From population data collected at overwintering sites, scientists estimate that the population has experienced a 74% decline since the late 1990s (Pelton et al. 2016).

Monarchs are relatively rare in Humboldt County, although a few observations have been reported generally concentrated between Trinidad and Fortuna from 2015 to 2023 (iNaturalist 2023). The closest confirmed record is from July 2016 in Fortuna (iNaturalist 2023). No Monarch roosts have been recorded in Humboldt County according to community science surveys conducted since 1997 (Xerces Society 2022). The API does not include habitat suitable for Monarch overwintering. Given the lack of suitable overwintering habitat within the API, the Project would have no effect on the Monarch.

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Survey Results.

No special status invertebrates were observed during the 2023 site visits. However, this survey was not targeted towards detection of the full range of invertebrates. Some nectar sources that could be utilized by Obscure Bumble Bee and Western Bumble Bee were observed. The API and BSA do not overlap designated or proposed critical habitat for any federally-listed invertebrate species.

Project Impacts
Vegetation removal will be limited to roadside vegetation. No impacts to large areas of nectar sources or open meadow are expected. The Project is not expected to result in any significant impacts to the Obscure Bumble Bee, Western Bumble Bee, or Monarch Butterfly if present.

Given that no in-water work within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek would occur, direct impacts to aquatic mollusks would not result. Standard BMPs would be implemented to avoid indirect impacts associated with sedimentation and accidental spills.

Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
Project design (including staging and stockpile locations) considered minimization of impacts to vegetation and sensitive wildlife habitat during design. Standard BMPs would be implemented to avoid indirect impacts associated with sedimentation and accidental spills. No further avoidance or minimization measures are proposed.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed with avoidance and minimization measures in place to result in no impacts or effects to special status invertebrate species or reduce impacts to less than significant levels. No compensatory mitigation is proposed.

Cumulative Impacts
The proposed Project will not facilitate further development in the area. In addition, with implementation of the recommended avoidance and minimization measures, the Project would not contribute to cumulative impacts to special status invertebrates.

Discussion of Special Status Fish
As discussed in Chapter 3, the BSA contains suitable habitat for three federally and state listed anadromous salmonids and three other special status fish species within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, survey results, potential Project-related impacts, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, compensatory mitigation, and cumulative impacts to fish species is provided below.

Pacific Lamprey (SSC)
Pacific Lamprey is a primitive fish lacking true fins and jaws of true fishes (Streif 2007, Stillwater Sciences 2010). Pacific Lamprey range from the Japan to the Bering Sea in Alaska and along the west coast of North America to central Baja, California (Stillwater Sciences 2010).

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Pacific Lamprey are anadromous with typical spawning from March through July (Stillwater Sciences et al. 2010). Both sexes build redds (nests) where eggs are deposited by moving stones with their mouths, typically in riffles of gravel-bottomed streams and upstream of quality ammocoete (larval lamprey) habitat. Ammocoetes hatch within approximately 19 days depending on water temperature (Streif 2007).

Upon hatching, ammocoetes move downstream where they settle into silty sandy substrates (Streif 2007). They remain in these areas, often in colonies, for two to seven years filter feeding primarily on algae until they metamorphose into macropthalmia (juveniles; Streif 2007). As macropthalmia, they emigrate downstream to the ocean (Streif 2007). They mature into adults where they are parasitic on a variety of fishes.

Adults return to their natal streams following one to three years in the marine environment (Streif 2007). There may be two major life strategies in which some adults spawn immediately upon returning to freshwater and other adults may overwinter in freshwater before spawning (Streif 2007, Stillwater Sciences et al. 2010).

Pacific Lamprey are common in the Eel River year-round and are known to occur in the Strongs Creek watershed (UC Davis 2023a). Suitable rearing and migratory habitat and potentially spawning habitat are present for Pacific Lamprey in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek within the BSA. Based on suitable aquatic habitat, the species may be present in the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, although no suitable habitat is present in the API. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, the project would have no impact on Pacific Lamprey.

Western Brook Lamprey (SSC)
The Western Brook Lamprey is a small (total length typically less than 18 centimeters [7 inches]) non-migratory lamprey that resides in freshwater (69 FR 77158, UC Davis 2023b). They inhabit coastal streams along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to California (CTUIR 2004). The species occurs in many of the same habitats and has been considered in conjunction with Pacific Lamprey in conservation efforts (i.e., petition to be listed; 69 FR 77158, Nawa et al. 2003). Despite these similarities, Western Brook Lamprey differ in being non-migratory and non-parasitic. Both lamprey species have otherwise similar life histories, including being semelparous (adults die after spawning).

Additionally, ammocoetes are nearly indistinguishable (69 FR 77158).

Spawning typically occurs March-July (69 FR 77158), often involving spawning groups (12 individuals have been documented at a single nest) and nests may be laid on top of each other (CTUIR 2004). Both sexes build redds (nests), by moving stones with their mouths, typically in riffles of gravel-bottomed streams (USFWS unk. yr.). A given female may lay 1,100-5,500 eggs (69 FR 77158). Ammocoetes hatch within approximately 10 days, dependent on water temperature (CTUIR 2004, UC Davis 2021b, 69 FR 77158).

Upon hatching, ammocoetes move downstream where they settle into silty substrates in “backwater” areas (69 FR 77158). They remain in these areas, often in very high densities, for two to seven years filter feeding on algae and detritus until they metamorphose into adults (69 FR 77158). Adult metamorphosis occurs February-July (69 FR 77158). However, their gonads are not fully developed at this metamorphosis; they will burrow into the stream during the winter months until emerging in the spring to spawn (69 FR 77158). After reaching sexual maturation, all feeding stops as their small, Natural Environment Study
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poorly developed oral disc and teeth are non-functional (69 FR 77158). Adults die after spawning.

Western Brook Lamprey are known to occur in the Strongs Creek watershed (UC Davis 2023). Suitable rearing and migratory habitat and potentially spawning habitat are present for Western Brook Lamprey in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek within the BSA. Based on suitable aquatic habitat, the species may be present in the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, although no suitable habitat is present in the API.

With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, the project would have no impact on Western Brook Lamprey.

Coastal Cutthroat Trout (SSC)
The Coastal Cutthroat Trout ranges from the southernmost extent of its range in the Eel River (California) to Prince Williams Sound in Alaska. Life history strategies are more variable than for most salmonids. Moyle (2002) and Trotter (1989, 1997) recognized four main life history groupings including sea run, lacustrine, riverine, and stream resident. Ecological requirements are similar to those of Steelhead, and where the two species co-occur. Coastal Cutthroat Trout usually occupy smaller tributary streams (Moyle et al. 2008). Unlike most salmon, and similar to Steelhead, this species may spawn more than once. Adults commonly enter streams during the fall and feed on eggs from other salmons' redds. Spawning can occur from December through May. Young Cutthroat Trout may spend up to two weeks in the gravel before emerging and from one to nine years in freshwater before migrating to estuaries and ocean in the spring.

Coastal Cutthroat Trout usually spend less than one year in salt water before returning to spawn. Juveniles and adults are carnivorous, feeding mostly on insects, crustaceans, and other fish throughout their lives. In freshwater, adult Cutthroat Trout typically reside in large pools while the young reside in riffles, most commonly in upper tributaries of small rivers. Coastal Cutthroat Trout utilize a wide variety of habitat types during their complex life cycle. They spawn in small tributary streams, and utilize slow flowing backwater areas, low velocity pools, and side channels for rearing of young. Good forest canopy cover, in-stream woody debris, and abundant supplies of insects are crucial for the young Cutthroat Trout's survival. During the estuarine or ocean phase of life, Cutthroat Trout utilize tidal sloughs, marshes, and swamps as holding areas and feeding grounds.

Cutthroat Trout populations are present in the Eel River as well as lower Eel River tributaries (CDFW 2015). Additionally, the species is known to occur in the Strongs Creek watershed (UC Davis 2023). The closest known occurrence record is from 1995 in Strongs Creek within the BSA (CDFW 2023a). Suitable rearing and migratory habitat is present for Coastal Cutthroat Trout in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek within the BSA. However, no spawning habitat (based on lack of graveled stream bottom in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek) is present in the BSA. Based on suitable aquatic habitat, the species may be present in the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, although no suitable habitat is present in the API. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, the project would have no impact on Coastal Cutthroat Trout.

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Coho Salmon - southern Oregon / northern California ESU Coho Salmon (FT/ST) The southern Oregon/northern California coast Coho Salmon (SONCC) Coho Salmon ESU was federally-listed as a threatened effective June 5, 1997 (62 FR 24588). The listing status was reaffirmed effective August 29, 2005 (70 FR 37159) and April 14, 2014 (79 FR 20802). Critical habitat was designated for SONCC Coho Salmon, effective June 4, 1999. Critical habitat includes all accessible reaches between and including the Mattole River (California) and Elk River (Oregon) (64 FR 24049). This ESU is also state listed as threatened under the CESA.

The SONCC ESU is defined as all Coho Salmon naturally produced in streams between Punta Gorda in northern California (Humboldt County) and Cape Blanco in southern Oregon (70 FR 37160). Adult Coho Salmon enter rivers from late summer to mid-winter with most spawning occurring in early to mid-winter. Eggs incubate for one to one and a half months during winter. Fry emerge and occupy shallow areas with vegetative cover.

Juvenile Coho Salmon rear in freshwater for over a year (some for two years) before migrating to the ocean in spring (Weitkamp et al. 1995, NMFS 2014). Juveniles and yearlings spend various amounts of time in freshwater/estuary transition zones. Length of stay by an individual averages about one to two months, with spring being the heaviest time of use. Adults typically spend the next two years in the ocean before returning to their home streams to spawn (Wallace 2010). Marine invertebrates, such as copepods, euphausids, amphipods, and crab larvae, are the primary food sources for Coho Salmon when they first enter saltwater. Fish represent an increasing proportion of the diet as Coho Salmon grow and mature (Moyle 2002).

Freshwater habitat requirements for juvenile Coho Salmon include cool water temperatures (53.6-57.2 ºF is optimal), clear water, riparian vegetation that provides shade, clean silt-free gravel for spawning, in-stream large woody debris, availability of food (invertebrates), and overwintering habitat consisting of large off-channel pools with complex cover or small spring-fed tributary streams (Moyle 2002). Coho Salmon from Humboldt Bay tributaries that rear in the estuary grow larger than their cohorts that reared farther upstream, which suggests that a stream/estuary ecotone is an important overwintering and rearing habitat for juvenile Coho Salmon (Wallace and Allen 2009).

Population declines and extirpations in individual streams and tributaries have occurred due to widespread degradation of freshwater habitats from activities such as timber harvest, road building, grazing and mining activities, urbanization, stream channelization, dam construction, wetland filling or draining, beaver trapping, and water withdrawals and diversions for irrigation (NOAA 2011). These activities have resulted in changes to channel morphology and substrate, loss and degradation of estuaries, wetlands, and riparian areas, declines in water quality (e.g., elevated pH and water temperatures, reduced dissolved oxygen, altered stream fertility and biological communities, and toxics), altered stream flows, and fish passage impediments such as dams and road crossings (NOAA 2011).

The Eel River supports populations of Coho Salmon (Yoshiyama and Moyle 2010).

However, Coho Salmon are not known to occur in the Strongs Creek watershed historically or currently (UC Davis 2023). This species is unlikely to be present within the Natural Environment Study
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BSA in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek; however, given the absence of fish passage barriers between the Eel River and the BSA, presence cannot be ruled out. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, the project would have no impact and no effect on Coho Salmon.

Chinook Salmon – California Coastal ESU (FT)
The California Coastal (CC) Chinook Salmon ESU was listed as threatened, effective November 15, 1999 (64 FR 50394). The listing was updated effective August 29, 2005 (70 FR 37159) and April 14, 2014 (79 FR 20802). Critical habitat was designated for Chinook Salmon (Coastal California ESU), effective January 2, 2006. Designated critical habitat includes riverine and estuarine habitat in Humboldt, Trinity, Mendocino, Sonoma, Lake, Napa, Glenn, Colusa, and Tehama counties (70 FR 52487).

The California Coast Chinook Salmon (California coastal ESU) ranges from Redwood Creek in Humboldt County south to the Russian River in Sonoma County. California Coast Chinook Salmon spawn and rear in coastal and interior rivers in northern California. Ocean-type Chinook (fall run) rear for less than one year in freshwater, while stream-type Chinook (spring run) remain in freshwater for one year or more before emigrating to forage in coastal and marine zones of California for two to five years (Healey 1991). Currently, only fall-run Chinook appear to be extant in the DPS. These Chinook Salmon typically migrate to the ocean within their first year from April through July (NOAA 2007). The ideal temperature range for rearing, smolting, and migrating (seaward) Chinook Salmon appears to be 50° to 55° F (Rich 1997). Habitat requirements for spawning also include clean, loose gravel, a lack of fine sediment, cool water, and unimpeded passage to the ocean. After spawning, females bury fertilized eggs in gravel and guard them until they die. Rearing habitat is characterized by the presence of pools, off-stream channels, and riparian cover.

The destruction and modification of historic spawning habitat, fish passage barriers, over-harvesting, decreased floodplain connectivity and function, as well as reduced stream flow and predation are considered moderate to very high threats to this ESU.

Land use activities (logging, road construction, streambank alterations, etc.), water diversions and overutilization of rivers and streams for recreational purposes are also have contributed to the decline of the ESU. The main factors limiting this Chinook Salmon ESU are low abundance, low distribution, and negative population trends.

Predation by pikeminnow in the Eel River and genetic integrity are considered significant threats to the population (NOAA 2007).

The Eel River supports populations of Chinook Salmon (Yoshiyama and Moyle 2010).

Chinook Salmon are known to occur in the Strongs Creek watershed (UC Davis 2023), and recreational fishermen have reported three catches in Strongs Creek near the mouth with the Eel River (Fishbrain 2021). This species may be present within the BSA in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, the project would have no impact and no effect on Chinook Salmon.

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Steelhead, Northern California DPS (FT/SE)
Steelhead (northern California DPS) was listed as threatened, effective August 7, 2000 (65 FR 36074). This listing was reaffirmed, effective February 6, 2006 (at which point two hatchery stocks were added; these are no longer active) (71 FR 833), and again on April 14, 2014 (79 FR 20802). Both summer and winter-run Steelhead are included in this DPS. NOAA Fisheries recently announced that a petition to list summer-run Steelhead as a unique DPS was not warranted (85 FR 6527). Critical habitat was designated for Steelhead (northern California DPS), effective January 2, 2006.

Designated critical habitat includes riverine and estuarine habitat in Humboldt, Trinity, Mendocino, Sonoma, Lake, Glenn, Colusa, and Tehama counties (70 FR 52487).

Northern California summer Steelhead within four North Coast watersheds (including the Eel River) were recently listed as state endangered under CESA as of June 16, 2021.

The Northern California Steelhead (northern California DPS) occupies river basins from Redwood Creek in Humboldt County to the Gualala River (near the Mendocino/Sonoma County line). Both summer and winter-run Steelhead are included in this DPS.

Steelhead spend their adult lives in marine environments, returning to freshwater at the age of four or five to spawn, usually in their stream of origin. Winter-run, sexually mature, Steelhead populations migrate from the ocean to freshwater rivers and streams in the fall/winter, spawn, and quickly return to marine habitat. In contrast, summer-run populations migrate to freshwater habitat in the late spring/summer, spend several months in freshwater (reaching sexual maturity during this time), and then spawn in the winter (NMFS 2016).

Steelhead is the anadromous form of rainbow trout. Unlike salmon, Steelhead do not necessarily die after spawning. Eggs are deposited in redds constructed in gravel, and (for winter run fish) hatch after three to 14 weeks in later winter through spring. The hatchlings, or alevins, emerge from the gravel after an additional two to five weeks (Moyle 2002). During the egg and alevin stages, survival depends in part on the presence of clean, well-oxygenated gravel (excessive siltation contributes to mortality at these stages) (Barnhart 1991, Stillwater Sciences 2006). Juveniles remain in fresh water for one or two years before returning to saltwater, with emigration typically occurring from March through June. A second year of growth is thought to contribute to a much higher probability of survival in the open ocean (Stillwater Sciences 2006). Less is known about the life history of summer run Steelhead, although adult fish are believed to enter rivers in May (Yoshiyama and Moyle 2010).

In the Northern California DPS, the decline of Steelhead has been attributed to factors such as watershed disturbances, including logging on steep slopes, grazing, road building, water diversions, and severe habitat degradation caused by timber harvest and intensive agricultural practices. These factors have resulted in decreased flows, loss of riparian habitat, channel widening, and increased siltation and water temperatures.

Despite this decline, north coast rivers and streams have the greatest amount of Steelhead habitat in California. Importantly, summer-run Steelhead adults rely upon cold-water refuges to oversummer in (CalTrout un. yr., NMFS un. yr). The most Natural Environment Study
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abundant populations of Steelhead are in the Klamath/Trinity River system (Barnhart 1991, Stillwater Sciences 2006).

Juvenile Steelhead have been documented in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek in 2009 (CDFG 2009a, CDFG 2009b). Both winter-run and summer-run Steelhead are found in the Eel River (NFS 2020). Suitable rearing and migratory habitat is present for Steelhead in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek within the BSA. However, no spawning habitat (based on lack of graveled stream bottom in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek) is present in the BSA. Based on suitable aquatic habitat, the species may be present in the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, although no suitable habitat is present in the API. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, the project would have no impact and no effect on Northern California Steelhead.

Survey Results
Although no fish surveys were conducted as part of this environmental review, previous stream inventory reports have been completed by CDFG in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek and juvenile Steelhead were recorded in the lower reaches of both creeks (CDFG 2009a, CDFG 2009b).

The presence of Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon, Steelhead, and Pacific Lamprey is well documented in the Eel River (CDFW 2021).

The Eel River and its tributaries are considered EFH for Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon (NOAA 2023a). Chinook and Coho Salmon are managed under the Pacific Coast Salmon Fisheries Management Plan (NOAA 2022). The Eel River and its tributaries is also considered critical habitat for Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon, and Steelhead (NOAA 2023b).

Project Impacts
Given that no in-water work within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek would occur, direct impacts to anadromous fish would not result. Standard BMPs would be implemented to avoid indirect impacts associated with sedimentation and accidental spills. Table 11 provides a summary of potential impacts to fisheries resources and habitat associated with permanent roadway restoration.

Table 11: Impacts to Fish and Habitat Resources
Description and Likelihood of Impacts
Description of Potential Impact Anticipated Level of Effect:
(None/Minimal/Moderate/High)
Loss or Modification of Juvenile Rearing Habitat None
Loss of Spawning Habitat None
Loss of Riparian Habitat None
Hydroacoustic Effects None
Increased Turbidity and Suspended Sediment Less than significant with BMPs Impaired Fish Passage during Construction None
Potential Spill Hazard Less than significant with BMPs
Injury and Mortality of Juveniles during Construction None Natural Environment Study
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Loss or Modification of Juvenile Rearing Habitat
Given no in-water work, culvert replacement or modification, or channel alternation would occur, the loss or modification of juvenile rearing habitat would not occur.

Loss of Spawning Habitat
Given no in-water work, culvert replacement or modification, or channel alternation would occur, the loss or modification of spawning habitat would not occur.

Loss of Riparian Habitat
Tree removal along Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek would not occur. There would be no loss of riparian habitat.

Hydroacoustic Effects
Noise effects would be limited to repaving and related construction activities on the roadway surface. Construction-related noise would be similar to the existing background noise on the roadway, which includes frequent passenger and commercial traffic at the interchange. Given the noise setting would not be substantially different, hydroacoustic effects would not impact special status salmonids and other special status fish species.

Increased Turbidity and Suspended Sediment
Increased turbidity and suspended sediments have the potential to enter Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek during construction. Avoidance and minimization measures are recommended to minimize risks related to habitat sedimentation.

Impaired Fish Passage During Construction
Given no in-water work, culvert replacement or modification, or channel alternation would occur, impairment of fish passage would not occur.

Potential Spill of Hazardous Materials
Potential spills of hazardous materials (i.e., oil, grease, fuels, and coolants) could have deleterious effects on fisheries resources downstream of the Project. Additionally, operating construction equipment in or adjacent to any watercourse, whether it is wet or dry, poses the risk of serious environmental damage if a spill were to occur. The Project requires daily on-site refueling of construction equipment. As a result of that activity, minor fuel and oil spills can occur, and there is always the risk of larger releases.

Without rapid containment, such materials can be extremely difficult to clean up in their entirety, when taking into consideration the size of a spill and its proximity to flowing water. Oils, fuels, and other toxic contaminants can have deleterious effects on fisheries resources, with the risk being substantially elevated when spills are near streams or Natural Environment Study
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other waterbodies. Safeguards to prevent spills in the BSA are critical because of the Project’s relationship to a fish-bearing stream (Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek).

Avoidance and minimization measures are recommended to minimize risks related to the accidental spill of hazardous materials.

Injury and Mortality of Fisheries Resources
Given no in-water work, dewatering, or fish relocation would occur, injury and mortality of fisheries resources would not occur.

Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
Avoidance and minimization efforts include:
• Sediment and/or erosion control shall be established to avoid sedimentation and runoff into Strongs Creek and Rohner Creek. The location of sediment and/or erosion control measures will be included on the final construction plan set. • Equipment shall be cleaned of deleterious materials before working within 100 ft of either creek.
• Equipment shall be staged, and materials shall be stockpiled outside Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek riparian habitat, in designated staging and stockpile areas.
• Any construction equipment operating adjacent to a stream shall be inspected daily for leaks. Any oil, fuel, and grease residue that has the potential to fall from machinery shall be removed and properly disposed of. Refueling and equipment maintenance would occur in designated staging and stockpiling areas only. • Spill containment booms shall be available on-site at all times during construction operations and/or staging of equipment or during fueling when work occurs over live waterbodies. Fueling trucks shall at all times be equipped with sealed spill kits.
• The awarded contractors shall develop and implement site-specific BMPs, a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan if applicable, and emergency spill control plan. The awarded contractor shall be responsible for immediate spill containment and cleanup, as well as proper disposal of hazardous materials and BMPs used during spill recovery.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed with avoidance and minimization measures in place to result in no impacts or effects to special status fish species or reduce impacts to less than significant levels. No compensatory mitigation is proposed.

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Cumulative Impacts
Cumulative projects summarized in Table 1 do not involve aquatic work, avoiding the potential to impact fisheries resources. Thus, a cumulative impact to fisheries resources would not result.

Discussion of Special Status Amphibians
As discussed in Chapter 3, based on the USFWS Official Species List generated for this Project (Appendix F), no federally-listed amphibian species are expected to occur within the Project vicinity. There are two special status amphibian species with suitable habitat for in the BSA. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, survey results, potential Project-related impacts, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, compensatory mitigation, and cumulative impacts to amphibian species is provided below.

Northern Red-legged Frog (SSC)
Northern Red-legged Frogs occur along the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California. The geographic range split between the Northern and California Red-legged Frog species occurs just south of Elk Creek in Mendocino County where both species overlap (Nafis 2023). Northern Red-legged Frogs are typically found near freshwater sources (e.g., wetlands, ponds, streams, etc.). However, they can range widely and inhabit damp places far from water. Northern Red-legged Frogs reproduce in water from December to February in Humboldt County, with some breeding occurring as late as March. Preferred egg laying locations are in “vegetated shallows with little water flow in permanent wetlands and temporary pools” (Nafis 2023). Northern Redlegged Frogs are relatively common in and near coastal portions of Humboldt County.

The closest known occurrence record is from 2011 approximately 4.3 miles southeast of the API (CDFW 2023a). The BSA includes potential breeding, foraging, and dispersal habitat, especially within the riparian habitat associated with Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Northern Red-legged Frog would be less than significant.

Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (SSC)
Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs occur from sea level to elevations of 7,000 feet and range from the Willamette River in Oregon south to the Upper San Gabriel River in California, including the coast ranges and Sierra Nevada Foothills (Stebbins 2003, NatureServe 2023). The species prefers open to partially shaded, perennial streams with rocky substrate, often near riffles. These rivers and streams are typically bordered by chaparral, riparian habitat, mixed conifer forest, or wet meadows. Streams are usually small to mid-size with shallow pools and slow-moving water (CBD 2012). They are also found at river edges, in calm pools, and vegetated backwaters (CBD 2012). Rocky, cobble substrate (3 in or larger) is preferred, particularly for egg laying sites (CBD 2012).

There is a known occurrence record within the BSA from 2018 at the mouth of Strongs Creek on the Eel River near the Fortuna Wastewater Treatment Plant (CDFW 2023a).

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With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Foothill Yellow-legged Frog would be less than significant.

Survey Results
During the March 8, 2023 reconnaissance level biological survey the surveyor noted the habitat conditions of Rohner Creek, Strongs Creek and associated riparian areas within the BSA are suitable for Northern Red-legged Frog and Foothill Yellow-legged Frog.

Intermittent ponding and wet conditions observed within the API may temporarily attract special status amphibians to the API during the wet season. No other amphibian surveys or incidental occurrence data are known from the BSA.

The API and BSA do not overlap designated or proposed critical habitat for any federally-listed amphibian species.

Project Impacts
Northern Red-legged Frogs and Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs may occur in the BSA but are unlikely to be present in the API during the dry season; therefore, impacts to these two species would be less than significant.

The proposed Project has the potential to result in adverse impacts to the amphibian species for the reasons identified below:
• Construction related impacts could have in an adverse impact via direct mortality or injury (e.g., due to grading, ground disturbance, or operation of equipment).

The potential for direct injury is likely low since the majority of impacts will be restricted to previously disturbed areas and work would occur in late summer or fall outside of peak surface activity periods for these species. Implementation of various avoidance and minimization measures will minimize the potential for direct injury.
• Certain activities related to the Project could result in disturbance to vegetation and soil. Vegetation removal and soil disturbances can accelerate erosion processes in the API/BSA and increase the potential for sediment to enter nearby streams. Excessive sedimentation into streams has the potential to reduce habitat quality for amphibians and other sensitive species (e.g., decreasing availability of potential food items including aquatic invertebrates and filling interstitial spaces in substrate).
• Construction activities typically include the on-site refueling and maintenance of equipment. As a result, minor fuel and oil spills may occur as well as a risk of large-scale releases. Without rapid containment and clean up, these materials can be potentially toxic depending on the location of the spill in proximity to surface water features.

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Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
As well as adhering to the sediment reduction measures and efforts to minimize disturbances to vegetation, the footprint of the proposed Project, when in proximity to aquatic habitat, will be restricted to the minimum area necessary.

A qualified biologist will conduct environmental awareness training for contractors prior to construction detailing special status amphibians that could be encountered within the API during construction. If special status amphibian species are encountered during construction, construction related activities shall cease within 100 feet of the individual until it has left the API upon its own volition. If necessary, a qualified biologist may relocate the individual or individuals into otherwise suitable habitat nearby and outside of harm’s way.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed with avoidance and minimization measures in place to result in no impacts or effects to special status amphibian species or reduce impacts to less than significant levels. No compensatory mitigation is proposed.

Cumulative Impacts
The proposed Project will not facilitate further development in the area. Most impacts to Northern Red-legged Frogs and Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs, potentially found in the API/BSA, if any, will be avoided or minimized. Projects considered for cumulative effects, summarized in Table 1, do not involve work in or near aquatic environments suitable for amphibians. Thus, cumulative impacts would not result.

Discussion of Special Status Reptiles
As discussed in Chapter 3, based on the USFWS Official Species List generated for this Project (Appendix F), no federally-listed reptile species are expected to occur within the Project vicinity. There is one special status (SSC) reptile species recorded in the CNDDB within a nine-quad vicinity and with suitable habitat in the BSA. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, survey results, potential Project-related impacts, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, compensatory mitigation, and cumulative impacts to reptile species is provided below.

Western Pond Turtle (SSC)
Western Pond Turtles occur in a variety of permanent and semi-permanent freshwater aquatic habitats including lakes, rivers, ponds, creeks, and marshes. Nesting occurs on land in areas of loose to hard-packed soils on south or west facing slopes (Rathbun et al. 1992, Reese and Welsh 1997). The species is frequently observed basking on exposed banks, logs, and rocks. Winter activity is possible but limited to unusually warm, sunny days. Normally pond turtles are dormant during winter months on the north coast, which typically involves the turtle burrowing into loose substrate above the high water mark (Thomson et al. 2016).

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The closest known record is from 2011 approximately 4.45 miles north of the API (CDFW 2023a). The BSA includes suitable aquatic habitat within the Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek. There is only marginal upland habitat available in the BSA that may be suitable for nesting. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Western Pond Turtle would be less than significant.

Survey Results
No special status reptiles were observed during the March 8, 2023 site visit. Given the presence of suitable habitat within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, it is assumed that Western Pond Turtles could be present in BSA during construction. The API lacks suitable aquatic and upland nesting habitat for Western Pond Turtle and this species is unlikely to be present in the API during construction. No other reptile surveys or incidental occurrence data are known from the BSA.

The API and BSA do not overlap designated or proposed critical habitat for any federally-listed reptile species.

Project Impacts
The proposed Project has the potential to result impacts to Western Pond Turtle for the reasons identified below and has thus incorporated avoidance and minimization measures to ensure the potential impact remains less than significant:
• Construction related impacts could have an adverse impact via direct injury. The potential for direct injury is likely low since the majority of impacts will be restricted to the previously disturbed road prism or areas directly adjacent to the road prism, and the lower slope. Implementation of various avoidance and minimization measures will minimize the potential for direct injury.
• Certain activities related to the Project could result in localized disturbances to vegetation and soil. Vegetation removal and soil disturbances can accelerate erosion processes in the API/BSA and increase the potential for sediment to enter nearby streams. Excessive sedimentation into streams has the potential to reduce habitat quality for semi-aquatic reptiles and other sensitive species (e.g., decreasing availability of potential food items including aquatic invertebrates and filling interstitial spaces in substrate).
• Construction activities typically include the on-site refueling and maintenance of equipment. As a result, minor fuel and oil spills may occur as well as a risk of largescale releases. Without rapid containment and clean up, these materials can be potentially toxic depending on the location of the spill in proximity to surface water features.

Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
As well as adhering to the sediment reduction and spill prevention measures, and efforts to minimize disturbances to vegetation, the footprint of the proposed Project when in proximity to aquatic habitat will be restricted to the minimum area necessary.

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A qualified biologist will conduct environmental awareness training for contractors prior to construction detailing special status reptiles that could be encountered within the API during construction. If special status reptile species are encountered during construction, construction related activities shall cease within 100 feet of the individual until it has left the API upon its own volition. If necessary, a qualified biologist may relocate the individual or individuals into otherwise suitable habitat nearby and outside of harm’s way.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed with avoidance and minimization measures in place to result in no impacts to special status reptile species or reduce impacts to less than significant levels. No compensatory mitigation is proposed.

Cumulative Impacts
The proposed Project will not facilitate further development in the area. Impacts to Western Pond Turtle, potentially found in the API/BSA, if any, will be avoided or minimized. Projects considered for cumulative effects, summarized in Table 1, do not involve work in or near aquatic environments suitable for semi-aquatic reptiles. Thus, cumulative impacts would not result.

Discussion of Special Status Birds
As discussed in Chapter 3, the BSA contains suitable habitat for 12 special status bird species. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, potential Project-related effects, and cumulative effects to bird species is provided below.

As discussed in Chapter 3, the USFWS Official Species List generated for this Project (Appendix F) identified four federally-listed bird species that could occur within the Project vicinity. None of these species are expected to occur within the API or greater BSA. There are twelve special status avian species recorded in the CNDDB as known to occur within a nine-quad vicinity of the Project and that the BSA may provide suitable habitat for. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, survey results, potential Project-related impacts, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, compensatory mitigation, and cumulative impacts to avian species is provided below.

Cooper’s Hawk (WL)
Cooper’s Hawks are year-round residents across most temperate areas in North America. In California, migrants from more northern climes (southern Canada) pass through the state during the fall months (August-November). Some of these northern populations of Cooper’s Hawks likely winter in the state. Cooper’s Hawks may be found in a variety of forested habitats included deciduous, mixed, or evergreen forests in urban, suburban, or rural areas. Cooper’s Hawk populations have increased over the past few decades in urban and suburban areas, likely as a result of readily available prey populations in these habitats (e.g., European Starling and Rock Pigeon flocks).

Cooper’s Hawks build their nests in any number of tree species including pines, oaks, Natural Environment Study
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firs, eucalyptus, etc. Nest site selection is most likely related to dense prey availability in the surrounding area as well as canopy cover and the adjacent habitat structure. Their nests are constructed out of sticks and bark and may be built on top of existing squirrel or other raptor nests. Cooper’s Hawks prey on a variety of small bird and mammal species including European Starlings, Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), Rock Pigeons, Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), squirrels, and hares. (Rosenfield 2020).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Suitable nesting and foraging habitat are present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Cooper’s Hawk would be less than significant.

Sharp-shinned Hawk (WL)
Sharp-shinned Hawks are year-round residents across most densely forested areas of western and eastern North America. In California, migrants from more northern climes (southern Canada) pass through the state during the fall months (August-November).

Some of these northern populations of Sharp-shinned Hawks winter in the state. Sharpshinned Hawks may be found in a variety of forested habitats including coniferous forests, deciduous forests, woodlots, and transitional/forested edges. They prefer to nest in dense stands of a diversity of tree species. Nests are constructed out of dead twigs and placed against a tree trunk on a horizontal limb. Sharp-shinned Hawks primarily prey on small forest birds and mammals. In more urban/developed areas, Sharp-shinned Hawks hunt at bird feeders. (Bildstein and Meyer 2001).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Suitable nesting and foraging habitat are present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Sharp-shinned Hawk would be less than significant.

Great Egret (SAL)
Great Egrets are year-round residents in western California, with breeders concentrated in the Klamath and Warner basin in Siskiyou and Modoc Counties, along the coast in Humboldt County, the San Francisco Bay area, Monterey County, the Salton Sea, and the Central Valley. This species favors wetlands, estuaries, lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, marshes, and tidal flats. Great Egrets utilize a variety of substrates for nesting including trees, woody vegetation, or artificial nest platforms. Nests platforms are typically constructed of locally available sticks and vegetation. Great Egrets nest communally or in mixed-species colonies. They are opportunistic foragers, wading in shallow water to feed on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. They also hunt on shore for reptiles, birds, and small mammals. (Mccrimmon et al. 2020).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Suitable foraging habitat is present within the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek; marginal nesting habitat may be present within the BSA (e.g., riparian corridor).

With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Great Egret would be less than significant.

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Great Blue Heron (SAL)
Great Blue Herons are year-round residents in the majority of coastal and central California. Notable exceptions include the Sierras and the very southeastern desert regions of the state. Great Blue Herons are extremely adaptable to a variety of habitats including most saltwater and freshwater bodies, agricultural land, wetlands, as well as commercial and residential areas such as golf courses. Nesting habitat includes trees, bushes, or artificial structures. Nest platforms are typically constructed out of locally available sticks and lined with material such as grass, moss, and reeds. Great Blue Herons are colonial nesters in mixed-species colonies. They are opportunistic foragers, wading in shallow water to feed on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. They also hunt on shore for reptiles, birds, and small mammals. Additionally, they are known to scavenge carrion. (Vennesland and Butler 2020).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Suitable foraging habitat is present within the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek; marginal nesting habitat may be present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Great Blue Heron would be less than significant.

Northern Harrier (SSC)
Northern Harriers occur from annual grasslands up to lodgepole pine and alpine meadow habitats. Frequents meadows, grasslands, open rangelands, desert sinks, fresh and saltwater emergent wetlands; seldom found in wooded areas. Permanent resident of the northeastern plateau and coastal areas; less common resident of the Central Valley. Widespread winter resident and migrant in suitable habitat. California population has decreased in recent decades (Remsen 1978); however, they can be locally abundant where suitable habitat remains free of disturbance, especially from intensive agriculture. Breeding population much reduced, especially in southern coastal district. Destruction of wetland habitat, native grassland, and moist meadows, and burning and plowing of nesting areas during early stages of breeding cycle, are major reasons for the decline (Remsen 1978). Northern Harriers nest on the ground in shrubby vegetation, usually at marsh edge (Brown and Amadon 1968). Nests are built of a large mound of sticks on wet areas, and a smaller cup of grasses on dry sites.

Mostly nests in emergent wetland or along rivers or lakes, but may nest in grasslands, grain fields, or on sagebrush flats several miles from water.

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Suitable foraging habitat is present within the BSA. Marginal nesting habitat may be present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Northern Harrier would be less than significant.

Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo (FT/SE)
Western Yellow-billed Cuckoos are an uncommon to rare summer resident of valley foothill and desert riparian habitats in scattered locations in California. They nest in dense riparian cover and the nest consists of a flimsy, open cup of twigs built on horizontal limb of tree or shrub at height of 0.6 to 7.8 m (2-25 ft) (Gaines 1977).

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Formerly much more common and widespread throughout lowland California, but numbers drastically reduced by habitat loss (Garrett and Dunn 1981).

The closest known occurrence of this species is from 2013 approximately 6.1 miles west of the API near Ferndale, CA (CDFW 2023a). The BSA contains only marginal foraging and nesting habitat typically suitable for this species within riparian habitat associated with Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek. This species is typically associated with larger riparian forests of the Central Valley (Gains, 1977). With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, there would be no effect to the Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo.

Snowy Egret (SSC)
The Snowy Egret is widespread in California along shores of coastal estuaries, fresh and saline emergent wetlands, ponds, slow-moving rivers, irrigation ditches, and wet fields. In northern California, they are common March to November in coastal lowlands.

Dense marshes are required for nesting (Garrett and Dunn 1981). Typically, tree nests are 1.5-3 m (5-10 ft) above ground, but they may be up to 9 m (30 ft) (Palmer 1962), and they are built of sticks. San Francisco Bay colonies nested at ground level on Grindelia humilis and Salicornia pacifica, more commonly on Baccharis pilularis 0.5-2.0 m (1-6 ft) above ground. One large colony nested on Scirpus acutus (Gill and Mewaldt 1979).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Marginal foraging and nesting habitat is present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Snowy Egret would be less than significant.

Yellow-breasted Chat (SSC)
Yellow-breasted Chat is an uncommon summer resident and migrant in coastal California and in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. They can be found up to about 1450 m (4800 ft) in valley foothill riparian, and up to 2050 m (6500 ft) east of the Sierra Nevada in desert riparian habitats (Garrett and Dunn 1981). Uncommon along coast of northern California east to Cascades and occurs only locally south of Mendocino Co. (McCaskie et al. 1979). Numbers much reduced in recent decades (Remsen 1978).

They nest usually 0.6 to 2.4 m (2-8 ft) above ground in dense shrubs along a stream or river.

There are no known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (CDFW 2023, iNaturalist 2023). Suitable foraging and nesting habitat is present within the BSA within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek (e.g., riparian corridor). With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Yellow-breasted Chat would be less than significant.

Black-crowned Night Heron (SAL)
The Black-crowned Night Heron is a common, yearlong resident in lowlands and foothills throughout most of California and common in large nesting colonies. They feed along the margins of lacustrine, large riverine, and fresh and saline emergent habitats Natural Environment Study
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and, rarely, on kelp beds in marine subtidal habitats. Nests and roosts in dense-foliaged trees and dense emergent wetlands. Common nesting species on northeastern plateau from April to August. Uncommon in northwestern, and rare in northeastern, California in midwinter (McCaskie et al. 1979, Garrett and Dunn 1981). Nests in dense-foliaged trees, dense, fresh or brackish emergent wetlands, or dense shrubbery or vine tangles, usually near aquatic or emergent feeding areas. Nests are built of twigs and/or marsh plants (Zeiner et al. 1988).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API along Rohner Creek (iNaturalist 2023). Suitable foraging habitat is present within the BSA. Marginal nesting habitat may be present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Black-crowned Night Heron would be less than significant.

Osprey (WL)
Ospreys breed in northern California from Cascade Ranges south to Lake Tahoe, and along the coast south to Marin Co. Regular breeding sites include Shasta Lake, Eagle Lake, Lake Almanor, other inland lakes and reservoirs, and northwest river systems. An uncommon breeder along southern Colorado River, and uncommon winter visitor along the coast of southern California (Garrett and Dunn 1981). Associated strictly with large, fish-bearing waters, primarily in ponderosa pine through mixed conifer habitats. Nests on platform of sticks at the top of large snags, dead-topped trees, on cliffs, or on human made structures (Zeiner et al. 1988).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Marginal foraging and nesting habitat may be present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Osprey would be less than significant.

Black-capped Chickadee (WL)
An uncommon resident restricted to Del Norte, Humboldt, and Siskiyou cos. in northern California. Occurs locally in montane riparian habitat from coast into mountainous areas inland; also found locally in the more arid Shasta Valley, Siskiyou Co. Occasionally wanders in winter (McCaskie et al. 1979). It excavates its own cavity in a rotten snag, branch, or stump, or nests in old woodpecker hole. Nest usually less than 3 m (10 ft) above ground in a deciduous tree (Zeiner et al. 1988).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Suitable foraging and nesting habitat is present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Black-capped Chickadee would be less than significant.

Yellow Warbler (SSC)
Breeding distribution includes from the coast range in Del Norte county, east to Modoc plateau, south along coast range to Santa Barbara and Ventura counties and along western slope of Sierra Nevada south to Kern county. Also breeds along eastern side of California from the Lake Tahoe area south through Inyo co. Breeds in riparian Natural Environment Study
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woodlands from coastal and desert lowlands up to 2500 m (8000 ft) in the Sierra Nevada. Also breeds in montane chaparral, and in open ponderosa pine and mixed conifer habitats with substantial amounts of brush. Numbers of breeding pairs have declined dramatically in recent decades in many lowland areas (southern coast, Colorado River, San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys). Now rare to uncommon in many lowland areas where formerly common (Garrett and Dunn 1981). Nest is an open cup placed 0.6 to 5 m (2-16 ft) above ground in a deciduous sapling or shrub (Zeiner et al. 1988).

There are known occurrences of this species within 5 miles of the API (iNaturalist 2023).

Suitable foraging and nesting habitat is present within the BSA. With the implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to the Yellow Warbler would be less than significant.

Survey Results
A total of 19 avian species were observed within or flying over the API and BSA during the March 8, 2023 reconnaissance site visit (Appendix H, Wildlife Species Observed). One special status avian species, the Great Blue Heron, was observed flying through the Rohner Creek riparian corridor. Rohner Creek, Strongs Creek and associated riparian habitat within the BSA contain suitable foraging and nesting habitat for both common and special status avian species. The blackberry brambles along the railroad corridor also provide suitable foraging and nesting habitat for many avian species.

The API and BSA do not overlap designated or proposed critical habitat for any federally-listed avian species.

Project Impacts
The Project is expected to have no effect on the Marbled Murrelet, Western Snowy Plover, Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Western DPS), and Northern Spotted Owl. The Project will have no effect on designated critical habitat for the Marbled Murrelet, Western Snowy Plover, Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Western DPS), or Northern Spotted Owl. With implementation of avoidance and minimization measures, any potential Project-related impacts to other nesting special status or migratory bird species are expected to be temporary and minimal. With the incorporation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to nesting migratory bird species would be less than significant.

As described above, common, protected migratory bird species may nest in the API or greater BSA. Construction-related disturbance (noise and visual disturbance, as well as possible nest destruction during clearing and grubbing) during the nesting season could result in the loss of fertile eggs or nestlings, or otherwise lead to nest abandonment.

Loss of fertile eggs or any activities resulting in nest abandonment may have the potential to affect these species. However, most disturbances will occur in the roadway or directly adjacent to the roadway, where nesting habitat is marginal. Riparian habitat within the BSA would not be impacted by the Project. It is likely that the majority of nesting activity would occur outside of the API, in adjacent habitat within the BSA.

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Project implementation will be concluded in as short a timeframe as is reasonable to minimize long-term disturbance to migratory and resident nesting birds.

Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
The following measures shall be implemented to avoid or minimize the potential for Project-related impacts on protected avian species potentially nesting adjacent to the API:
• Contractors shall attempt to remove trees and other vegetation that could potentially contain nesting birds outside the bird nesting season (March 15 to August 15). If vegetation removal occurs outside the bird nesting season, no further mitigation is necessary. If vegetation removal or construction work occur adjacent to suitable nesting habitat between March 15 and August 15 a qualified wildlife biologist shall conduct pre-construction surveys within the vicinity of the Project, to check for nesting activity of native birds and to evaluate the site for presence of raptors and special status bird species. As specified by CDFW, “a qualified wildlife biologist shall be defined as a person who is 1) knowledgeable in distribution, habitat, nesting behavior, and life history of northern California birds; 2) can correctly identify bird species found in northern California; 3) has conducted previous field surveys of nesting birds; and 4) is knowledgeable in survey protocols and has obtained the necessary state and federal authorization for any potential take of listed birds, if necessary.” The qualified wildlife biologist shall conduct at minimum a one-day preconstruction survey within the 7-day period prior to vegetation removal and grounddisturbing activities. If ground disturbance and vegetation removal work lapses for seven days or longer during the breeding season, a qualified wildlife biologist shall conduct a supplemental avian pre-construction survey before Project work is reinitiated.
• If active special status and MBTA nests are detected within the construction footprint or up to 500 feet from construction activities, the qualified wildlife biologist shall flag a buffer around each nest (assuming property access). Construction activities shall avoid nest sites until the qualified wildlife biologist determines that the young have fledged or nesting activity has ceased. If nests are documented outside of the construction footprint, but within 500 feet of the construction area, buffers will be implemented as needed (buffer size dependent on species). In general, the buffer size for common species would be determined on a case-by-case basis in consultation with the CDFW and, if applicable, with USFWS. Buffer sizes will take into account factors such as (1) noise and human disturbance levels at the construction site at the time of the survey and the noise and disturbance expected during the construction activity; (2) distance and amount of vegetation or other screening between the construction site and the nest; and (3) sensitivity of individual nesting species and behaviors of the nesting birds. An absolute minimum buffer size of 30 feet is recommended as a starting point of discussion for common species, with larger buffers expected for special status species and raptors. • If active nests are detected during the survey within the construction footprint or surrounding 500 feet, the qualified wildlife biologist shall monitor all nests at least once per week to determine whether birds are being disturbed. Activities that might, Natural Environment Study
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in the opinion of the qualified wildlife biologist, disturb nesting activities (e.g., excessive noise), shall be prohibited within the buffer zone until such a determination is made. If signs of disturbance or distress are observed, the qualified wildlife biologist shall immediately implement adaptive measures to reduce disturbance. These measures may include, but are not limited to, increasing buffer size, halting disruptive construction activities in the vicinity of the nest until fledging is confirmed or nesting activity has ceased, placement of visual screens or sound dampening structures between the nest and construction activity, reducing speed limits, replacing and updating noisy equipment, queuing trucks to distribute idling noise, locating vehicle access points and loading and shipping facilities away from noise-sensitive receptors, reducing the number of noisy construction activities occurring simultaneously, and/or reorienting and/or relocating construction equipment to minimize noise at noise-sensitive receptors.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed with avoidance and minimization measures in place to result in no impacts or effects to special status avian species or reduce impacts to less than significant levels. No compensatory mitigation is proposed.

Cumulative Impacts
The proposed Project will not facilitate further development in the area. With implementation of the recommended avoidance and minimization measures, the proposed Project would not contribute to cumulative impacts on special status birds.

Discussion of Special Status Terrestrial Mammals
As discussed in Chapter 3, the BSA contains suitable habitat for one special status terrestrial mammal species. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, potential Project-related effects, and cumulative effects to terrestrial mammalian species is provided below.

North American Porcupine (SAL)
The North American Porcupine are primarily nocturnal but can sometimes be seen during the day. Their range extends across mainland Canada, Alaska, and the western and northeastern United States (Reid 2006). They use a wide variety of habitats, but are most common in montane conifer, Douglas fir, alpine dwarf‐shrub, and wet meadow habitats (Zeiner et. al 1988).). A population in Del Norte County, centered in Tolowa Dunes State Park, is especially known to concentrate in riparian areas. Porcupines are herbivores and feed on a variety of plant materials depending on the season (Appel et al. 2017, They feed on berries, seeds, grasses, leaves, roots and stems during the spring and summer (SNZ and CBI 2019). In contrast, they primarily feed on evergreen needles and tree bark during the winter.

The closest known record is from 2014 along Highway 101, approximately 4.5 miles north of the API (CDFW 2023a). Suitable habitat for this species is limited in the API, however, they may to occur in the greater BSA. With the incorporation of avoidance and Natural Environment Study
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minimization measures, the potential impact to North American Porcupine would be less than significant.

Survey Results
A total of two terrestrial mammal species were detected within the API and BSA during the March 8, 2023 reconnaissance site visit (Appendix H, Wildlife Species Observed). No special status mammals were detected during the site visits. No other mammalian surveys are known from the BSA.

The API and BSA do not overlap designated or proposed critical habitat for any federally-listed terrestrial mammalian species.

Project Impacts
The API does not provide suitable foraging or denning habitat for the North American Porcupine. However, habitat within the greater BSA may serve as suitable habitat for this species. The following avoidance and minimization measures are recommended to ensure potential impacts remain less than significant.

Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
The Project footprint shall be restricted to the minimum necessary. Deep steep-sided excavations will be covered or ramped if left overnight, to avoid the risk of a nocturnally dispersing terrestrial mammals (e.g., North American Porcupine) becoming trapped.

Food waste and other trash shall be removed from the site at the end of each work day to avoid attractants. Pets (e.g., dogs) will not be permitted on the construction site.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed such that Project-specific conservation measures and avoidance and minimization measures shall effectively avoid or minimize to the greatest extent feasible, affects to terrestrial mammals and their habitat. It is not anticipated that other compensatory mitigation will be required.

Discussion of Special Status Bats
As discussed in Chapter 3, the BSA contains suitable habitat for three special status bat species. A discussion of the habitat requirements, potential for species occurrence, applicable impact avoidance and minimization measures, potential Project-related effects, and cumulative effects to bat species is provided below.

The BSA likely provides suitable roosting habitat for foliage and tree roosting bats (will roost in woodpecker holes, under loose bark, and basal hollows as well as other cavities). In addition, open water in the vicinity (Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek) likely serves as a foraging area for several species (and sources of water for species that need to drink freshwater regularly).

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Silver-haired Bat (SAL)
The Silver-haired Bat is a medium sized vespertilionid with black or dark brown hairs which are silver-tipped. The interfemoral membrane is partially furred. Its ears are short and rounded, with a blunt tragus (WBWG 2017). Females form small nursery colonies of up to 70 individuals. Maternity roosts appear to be almost exclusively in trees, inside natural hollows and bird excavated cavities or under loose bark of large diameter snags.

This species has been found hibernating in hollow trees, under sloughing bark, in rock crevices, and occasionally under wood piles, in leaf litter, under foundations, and in buildings, mines and caves. Silver-haired bat forages above the canopy, over open meadows, and in the riparian zone along water courses (WBWG 2017).

The closest known recent record is from 2017 in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, approximately 15 miles south of the API (BAMVT 2023). Suitable roosting habitat may be present in the BSA, and foraging habitat may be present in the API and BSA. With the incorporation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to Silverhaired Bat would remain less than significant.

Hoary Bat (SAL)
The Hoary Bat is a relatively large bat with brown to rufous fur with a white “frosting” on the tips (SBDWG 2004). They are found throughout North, Central and South America but not usually in great densities (SBDWG 2004, NatureServe 2023). The species is found throughout California with the exception of xeric desert habitats in the southeast.

The species breeds in inland forest habitat and winters along the coast and in the southern portion of the state. The species engages in seasonal movements which results in sexual segregation during the warmer months (males are found in greater numbers in western portions of the state while the females are more common in the northeast). Hoary Bats migrate between the summer and winter ranges from September through November. Mating occurs during migration or on the wintering grounds.

Females give birth to one to four pups in May through July of the following year (Harris et al. 2008a).

Preferred habitat includes a mosaic of forested habitat for roosting and open/edge habitat for foraging. Hoary Bats are insectivorous and feed primarily on moths (usually over water or over the forest canopy). The species roosts solitarily in dense tree foliage typically near water (species requires water for drinking) (SBDWG 2004, Harris et al. 2008a). Threats to the species include deforestation, wind energy developments (common source of mortality for the species), and reduced prey from over application of pesticides (NatureServe 2023).

The closest known recent record is historic (1934) record from Ferndale, approximately

4.7 miles west of the API (CDFW 2023a). Suitable roosting habitat may be present in the BSA, and foraging habitat may be present in the API and BSA. With the incorporation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to Hoary Bat would remain less than significant.

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Yuma Myotis (SAL)
The Yuma Myotis is a medium-sized bat with light to dark brown fur and a paler underbelly (NorCalBats 2023). The species is widespread and common throughout western North America from southern British Columbia to southern Mexico (NatureServe 2023). In California, the species is widespread throughout the state except for the desert regions. The species is thought to engage in seasonal and possibly elevational migratory movements (Harris et al. 2008b). The species feeds on moths and insects over water and other open habitat types (NatureServe 2023). Roosts include bridges, swallow nests, rock crevices, tunnels, tree cavities, and buildings (NatureServe 2023). The species mates during the fall. Females form maternity roosts in April and give birth to one pup between May through July (NatureServe 2023).

Maternity roots may include several thousand individuals and are most common in mines and caves (Harris et al. 2008b). Threats to the species include roost disturbance, roosting habitat loss, and reduced prey from over application of pesticides (NatureServe 2023).

The closest known occurrence record is from 1999 in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, approximately 12 miles south of the API (BAMVT 2023). Suitable roosting habitat may be present in the BSA, and foraging habitat may be present in the API and BSA. With the incorporation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to Yuma Myotis remain less than significant.

Survey Results
No bat species were detected within the API and BSA during the March 8, 2023 reconnaissance site visit (Appendix H, Wildlife Species Observed). No special status bats were detected during the site visits. No other bat surveys are known from the BSA.

The reconnaissance site visits occurred during daylight hours when bat activity is known to be very low, and the survey methods were not focused on documenting bat presence. No data collection has occurred in the immediate Project vicinity (nearest bat monitoring efforts have occurred in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, approximately 17 linear miles south of the API, and surrounding Arcata, approximately 18 miles north of the API; BAMVT 2023). Nonetheless, the BSA contains suitable habitat for a variety of special status bats (Silver-haired Bat, Hoary Bat, and Yuma Myotis), and it is anticipated that there is moderate potential for these special status bat species to occur in the API and BSA during Project implementation.

The API and BSA do not overlap designated or proposed critical habitat for any federally-listed bat species.

Project Impacts
The API is unlikely to provide high-quality foraging and roosting habitat for sensitive bat species. However, the greater BSA is likely to provide foraging and roosting habitat for bats. It is unlikely that any physical impacts to bat or bat roosting sites will occur.

Additional avoidance and minimization measures for sensitive bat species and roosts are detailed below. With the incorporation of avoidance and minimization measures, potential impacts to special status bats would remain less than significant.

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Avoidance and Minimization Efforts
Should nighttime work occur, Project-related lighting shall be minimized and focused on active construction aeras, and areas needed for safety, security or other essential requirements.

Compensatory Mitigation
The proposed Project has been designed with avoidance and minimization measures in place to result in no impacts to special status bat species or reduce impacts to less than significant levels. No compensatory mitigation is proposed.

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Chapter 5 – Conclusions and Regulatory Determinations
Federal Endangered Species Act Consultation Summary
An USFWS official species list for the API was received on November 10, 2022 (USFWS 2023b; Appendix F). Seven federally threatened, endangered, or candidate species, including one threatened mammal (Pacific Marten), four threatened bird species (Marbled Murrelet, Northern Spotted Owl, Western Snowy Plover, and Yellowbilled Cuckoo), and one candidate insect (Monarch Butterfly) were identified as having potential presence in the API. A NOAA official species list from the West Coast Region California Species List Tool was obtained on August 8, 2023 (Appendix E). Three federally listed and/or candidate fish species (Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, and Steelhead, were identified as having potential presence in the API. The proposed Project will have no effect on these species and their associated critical habitat.

Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Consultation Summary
EFH is designated for species managed within Fisheries Management Plans under the MSFCMA. The Pacific Coast Salmon Fisheries Management Plan (PCS FMP) addresses EFH for Pacific salmonid species. EFH for Pacific salmonids is designated within the BSA of the proposed Project (e.g., Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, tributary to the Eel River).

The PCS FMP was created to promote sustainable salmon harvest and fisheries management across a broad geographic region. According to the PCS FMP, freshwater EFH includes “all water bodies currently or historically occupied by [Pacific Fisheries Management Council] PFMC-managed salmon in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California; including aquatic areas above all artificial barriers that are not specifically excluded” (75 FR 75449). The plan manages Chinook Salmon Coho Salmon, and Pink Salmon, Steelhead are not managed under a FMP, and are thus not discussed further here. Although Coho Salmon have not recently been documented in Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek, Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek is still considered to be EFH under the PCS FMP and is managed as such.

The PCS FMP designates five Habitat Areas of Particular Concern (HAPCs), which include complex channels and floodplain habitats, thermal refugia, spawning habitat, estuaries, and marine and estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). The PFMC is “guided by the principle that there should be no net loss of the productive capacity of marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitats that sustain commercial, recreational, and tribal salmon fisheries beneficial to the nation” (PFMC 2014). According to the PCS FMP, adverse effects to EFH may include “direct or indirect physical, chemical, or biological alterations of the waters or substrate and loss of, or injury to, benthic organisms, prey species and their habitat, and other ecosystem components, if such modifications reduce the quality or quantity of EFH” (PFMC 2014).

No HAPCs were observed within the area of Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek that overlaps the BSA during the reconnaissance-level Project surveys. However, it should Natural Environment Study
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be noted that the Stream Inventory Report of the creek indicates that Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek should be managed for anadromous salmonids and some suitable habitat features are present (CDFG 2009a, CDFG 2009b). Consistent with this recommendation, the City has been actively upgrading crossings on both streams to improve fish passage.

As a result of construction activities, the following adverse effects could potentially occur to EFH:
• Increased turbidity and suspended sediment from work immediately adjacent to Rohner Creek and/or Strongs Creek; and
• Potential contaminant releases from equipment adjacent to Rohner Creek and/or Strongs Creek.

As no work will occur within Rohner Creek and Strongs Creek or below the top of bank, no effects associated with in-water work are expected. Effects to EFH, if any, resulting from potential for sediment and contaminants to enter the creek, would be minimized through implementation of key avoidance and minimization measures (Chapter 4 – Aquatic Habitat, Regulated Waters, and Wetlands) during Project implementation, and diligent monitoring for stormwater damage post-construction will ensure that Project effects on EFH, if any, would be insignificant. Consultation with NOAA Fisheries on EFH is therefore not necessary.

California Endangered Species Act Consultation Summary
The CESA states that all native species of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, invertebrates, and plants, and their habitats, threatened with extinction and those experiencing a significant decline which, if not halted, would lead to a threatened or endangered designation, will be protected or preserved. The CDFW is mandated to protect and preserve such sensitive resources and their habitats. However, CESA also allows for take incidental to otherwise lawful development projects. CESA emphasizes early consultation to avoid potential impacts to rare, endangered, and threatened species and to develop appropriate mitigation planning to offset project-caused losses of listed species. No incidental take of CESA-listed species would occur in association with this Project.

Wetlands and Other Waters Coordination Summary
No work will occur within Rohner Creek or Strongs Creek and no wetlands were delineated within the API (GHD 2023b). No impacts to wetlands or aquatic resources would occur and no permitting with the USACE or the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (NCRWQCB) would be required.

Invasive Species
Implementation of Prevention of Spread of Invasive Species measures (see Chapter 4 – Special Status Plants) will avoid and minimize the spread of invasive species as required by Executive Order 13112. Invasive Himalayan blackberry, pampas grass, and Natural Environment Study
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English ivy were observed in the API (GHD 2023a). Removal of these invasive species is recommended for incorporation into the compensatory habitat mitigation that will be required of the Project.

Other
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
Several avian species protected under the MBTA have the potential to nest within the BSA. Avoidance and minimization measures (detailed in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Birds) will be implemented to avoid adverse effects on migratory birds.

California Fish and Game Code (FGC)
In addition to being protected by the MBTA, avian species are protected under FGC Sections 3503 and 3503.5 (protection of birds’ nests) and 3513 (taking of MBTA birds).

Several species have the potential to nest within the API and BSA. Avoidance and minimization measures (detailed in Chapter 4 – Discussion of Special Status Birds) will be implemented to avoid adverse effects on migratory birds.

The proposed Project does not include work within any stream which has the potential to alter the bed, channel, or bank of said stream. Additional coordination or regulations (beyond those discussed throughout this NES) are not applicable at this time. However, should the scope of the Project change significantly, enforcement of further regulations may be necessary for Project implementation.

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Kope, and R. S. Waples. 1995. Status review of Coho Salmon from Washington, Oregon, and California. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Natural Environment Study
NES 81 August 2023
Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-24. NMFS, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Xerces Society. 2014. Before the Secretary of the Interior – Petition to Protect the Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus) under the Endangered Species Act. Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Xerces Society. 2022. Find an Overwintering Site. Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, USA.
https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/find-an-overwintering-site-near-you/ (03/02/2022)
Xerces Society. 2023. Western bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis). Xerces Society, Portland, Oregon, California, USA. https://xerces.org/endangeredspecies/species-profiles/at-risk-bumble-bees/western-bumble-bee (08/08/2023)
Yoshiyama, R. M., and P. B. Moyle. 2010. Historical review of Eel River anadromous salmonids, with emphasis on Chinook salmon, coho salmon and steelhead. University of California, Center for Watershed Sciences, Davis, California, USA. A Report Commissioned by California Trout, San Francisco, California, USA.

Zeiner, D.C., W.F. Laudenslayer, Jr., K.E. Mayer, and M. White, eds. 1988-1990.

California's Wildlife. Vol. I-III. California Depart. of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California.

Natural Environment Study
NES 82 August 2023
Appendix A - Figures
FIGURE 1
0 1 2 3
Miles
Project No.

Revision No. -
12577017
Date Jul 2023
City of Fortuna
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
Map Projection: Mercator Auxiliary Sphere
Horizontal Datum: WGS 1984
Grid: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere
DRAFT
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.; World Topographic Map - labelless: California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA; World_Boundaries_and_Places: Esri, HERE, Garmin; World Hillshade: Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS; World Topographic Map - labelless: California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS; World Hillshade: Esri, USGS. Created by: jlopez4 G:\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_NES.aprx - 12577017_001_Vicinity Print date: 12 Jul 2023 - 09:47 Vicinity Map
Data Disclaimer
** Insert text as required by data custodian **
** Remove only if not required by data custodian **
101
101
345
211
36 McKinleyville
Arcata
Eureka
Fortuna
Legend
Project Location
Populated Places
Highways
Dinsmore
Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th
St
Pond St
s
12th St
US-101
N
US-101
S
101
101
Legend
Area of Potential Impact
(API)
FIGURE 2
Date Apr 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
Area of Potential Impact
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 o
0 60 120 180 240 300
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_NES.aprx Print date: 04 Apr 2023 - 14:15 12577017_002_API
Dinsmore
Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th St
Pond St
s
12th St
US-101
N
US-101
S
101
101
Legend
Area of Potential Impact (API)
Biological Study Area (500 ft API Radius)
FIGURE 3
Date Apr 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
Biological Study Area
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 o
0 100 200 300 400
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_NES.aprx Print date: 04 Apr 2023 - 14:23 12577017_003_BSA
Legend
Area of Potential Impact (API)
Animals- Common Name
American Peregrine Falcon
Bank Swallow
Coast Cutthroat Trout
Foothill Yellow-legged Frog - North Coast
DPS
Grasshopper Sparrow
Longfin Smelt
Steelhead - Northern California DPS
Summer-run
Tricolored Blackbird
Western Bumble Bee
Northern Spotted Owl
Plants- Common Name
Cascade downingia
Pacific gilia
Siskiyou checkerbloom
Whitney's farewell-to-spring
minute pocket moss
western lily
FIGURE 4
Date Jul 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
CNDDB Occurrences
within a 3 Mile Radius
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
Miles
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.

World_Transportation: Esri, HERE. Created by: jlopez4
G:\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_NES.aprx Print date: 07 Jul 2023 - 13:10 12577017_004_CNDDB
Dinsmore
Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th St
Pond St
s
12th St
US-101
N
US-101
S
101
101
Rohner Creek
Strongs Creek
Legend
Area of Potential Impact (API)
Biological Study Area (500 ft API Radius)
NWI Wetlands
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
FIGURE 5
Date Apr 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
National Wetlands Inventory
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 o
0 100 200 300 400
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_NES.aprx Print date: 04 Apr 2023 - 15:11 12577017_005_NWI
Dinsmore
Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th
St
Pond St
s
12th St
US-101
N
US-101
S
101
101
62 56
54 44
42 6638
52 48
46 54
42 48
46 34
48 36
46 36
42 34
44 48
36 36
48 46
48 44
42 46
36 58
56 54
52 48
46 44
52 48
38 34
46 44
48 46
44 44
42 46
44 44
36 46
52 42
38 34
34 48 38
34 34
46 38
38 48
38 44
34 42
48 48
44 38
36 34
36 58
46 34
62 58
58 48
48 48
48 46
46 46
46 46
42 44
42 42
42 38
42 42
38 38
36 48
48 46
42 Legend
Area of Potential Impact (API)
1 ft Contours (Aerotech)
FIGURE 6
Date Jul 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
Topography
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
0 50 100 150 200 250
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 G:\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_NES.aprx Print date: 12 Jul 2023 - 09:47 12577017_006_Topo
Dinsmore
Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th
St
Pond St
s
12th St
US-101
N
US-101
S
101
101
Legend
Project Study Boundary
SNC- Species
Salal - berry brambles
FIGURE 7
Date Jul 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
Sensitive Natural Communities
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
0 50 100 150 200 250
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 G:\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12577017_NES.aprx Print date: 12 Jul 2023 - 09:48 12577017_007_FIG7_SNC
Natural Environment Study
NES 83 August 2023
Appendix B – Site Visit Photographs
Photo 1: Representative photo of the API at the proposed12th Steet roundabout.

Photo 2: Rohner Creek within the BSA.

Natural Environment Study
NES 84 August 2023
Photo 3: Strongs Creek within the BSA.

Natural Environment Study
NES 85 August 2023
Appendix C - CNDDB Database Search Results

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Natural Environment Study
NES 87 August 2023
Appendix E - NOAA FISHERIES Official Species List
NOAA Official Species List obtained from the NOAA Fisheries West Coast Region California Species List Tool on 8/8/2023. Quad Name Fortuna
Quad Number 40124-E2
ESA Anadromous Fish
SONCC Coho ESU (T) - X
CCC Coho ESU (E) -
CC Chinook Salmon ESU (T) - X
CVSR Chinook Salmon ESU (T) -
SRWR Chinook Salmon ESU (E) -
NC Steelhead DPS (T) - X
CCC Steelhead DPS (T) -
SCCC Steelhead DPS (T) -
SC Steelhead DPS (E) -
CCV Steelhead DPS (T) -
Eulachon (T) -
sDPS Green Sturgeon (T) -
ESA Anadromous Fish Critical Habitat
SONCC Coho Critical Habitat - X
CCC Coho Critical Habitat -
CC Chinook Salmon Critical Habitat - X
CVSR Chinook Salmon Critical Habitat -
SRWR Chinook Salmon Critical Habitat -
Natural Environment Study
NES 88 August 2023
NC Steelhead Critical Habitat - X
CCC Steelhead Critical Habitat -
SCCC Steelhead Critical Habitat -
SC Steelhead Critical Habitat -
CCV Steelhead Critical Habitat -
Eulachon Critical Habitat -
sDPS Green Sturgeon Critical Habitat -
ESA Marine Invertebrates
Range Black Abalone (E) -
Range White Abalone (E) -
ESA Marine Invertebrates Critical Habitat
Black Abalone Critical Habitat -
ESA Sea Turtles
East Pacific Green Sea Turtle (T) -
Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (T/E) -
Leatherback Sea Turtle (E) -
North Pacific Loggerhead Sea Turtle (E) -
ESA Whales
Blue Whale (E) -
Fin Whale (E) -
Humpback Whale (E) -
Southern Resident Killer Whale (E) -
North Pacific Right Whale (E) -
Natural Environment Study
NES 89 August 2023
Sei Whale (E) -
Sperm Whale (E) -
ESA Pinnipeds
Guadalupe Fur Seal (T) -
Steller Sea Lion Critical Habitat -
Essential Fish Habitat
Coho EFH - X
Chinook Salmon EFH - X
Groundfish EFH - X
Coastal Pelagics EFH - X
Highly Migratory Species EFH -
MMPA Species (See list at left)
ESA and MMPA Cetaceans/Pinnipeds
See list at left and consult the NMFS Long Beach office 562-980-4000
MMPA Cetaceans -
MMPA Pinnipeds -
Natural Environment Study
NES 90 August 2023
Appendix F - USFWS IPAC Official Species List
July 03, 2023
United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Arcata Fish And Wildlife Office
1655 Heindon Road
Arcata, CA 95521-4573
Phone: (707) 822-7201 Fax: (707) 822-8411
In Reply Refer To:

Official Species List
USFWS National Wildlife Refuges and Fish Hatcheries
Migratory Birds
Wetlands
07/03/2023 1

This species list is provided by:

Arcata Fish And Wildlife Office
1655 Heindon Road
Arcata, CA 95521-4573
(707) 822-7201
07/03/2023 2

Project Location:

The approximate location of the project can be viewed in Google Maps: https:// www.google.com/maps/@40.588176849999996,-124.15508600436507,14z Counties: Humboldt County, California
07/03/2023 3

1. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SPECIES
There is a total of 7 threatened, endangered, or candidate species on this species list.

NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of Commerce.

MAMMALS

NAME STATUS
Pacific Marten, Coastal Distinct Population Segment Martes caurina There is proposed critical habitat for this species. Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9081
Threatened
1 07/03/2023 4
BIRDS

NAME STATUS
Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus
Population: U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA)
There is final critical habitat for this species. Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3911
Threatened

INSECTS

NAME STATUS
Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9743
Candidate

FLOWERING PLANTS

NAME STATUS
Western Lily Lilium occidentale
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/998
Endangered

CRITICAL HABITATS

THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA UNDER THIS OFFICE'S JURISDICTION.

YOU ARE STILL REQUIRED TO DETERMINE IF YOUR PROJECT(S) MAY HAVE EFFECTS ON ALL ABOVE LISTED SPECIES.
07/03/2023 1

USFWS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE LANDS

THERE ARE NO REFUGE LANDS OR FISH HATCHERIES WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA. 07/03/2023 1

1. 2.

3. MIGRATORY BIRDS
Certain birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act .

The Migratory Birds Treaty Act of 1918.

NAME

Breeds Jan 1 to
Sep 30
1 2
07/03/2023 2

1. NAME

BREEDING
SEASON
California Gull Larus californicus
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.

Breeds
elsewhere
Wrentit Chamaea fasciata
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.

Breeds Mar 15
to Aug 10

How is the probability of presence score calculated? The calculation is done in three steps:

2. 3.
probability of presence breeding season survey effort no data was found in 5 of them, the probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is

No Data ( )
A week is marked as having no data if there were no survey events for that week.

MIGRATORY BIRDS FAQ
Tell me more about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds.

1. 2.

What if I have eagles on my list?
If your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles, you may need to obtain a permit to avoid violating the Eagle Act should such impacts occur.

WETLANDS
Impacts to NWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal statutes.

For more information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.S. Army Corps of Engineers District.

THERE ARE NO WETLANDS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA.
07/03/2023 2

IPAC USER CONTACT INFORMATION
Agency: GHD
Name: Jane Cipra
Address: 718 Third Street
City: Eureka
State: CA
Zip: 95501
Email [email protected]
Phone: 7072672206

LEAD AGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION
Lead Agency: Fortuna city
Natural Environment Study
NES 91 August 2023
Appendix G - Plant Species Observed
Table 12: Plant Species Observed During Surveys May and June, 2023 Species Name Common Name Native Family
Sambucus racemosa Red elderberry Native Adoxaceae
Allium triquetrum Three-cornered leek Non-native Amaryllidaceae Cotinus coggygria Smokebush Non-native Anacardiaceae
Toxicodendron diversilobum Poison oak Native Anacardiaceae Conium maculatum Hemlock Non-native Apiaceae
Daucus carota Wild carrot Native Apiaceae
Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Non-native Apiaceae
Heracleum maximum Cow parsnip Native Apiaceae
Oenanthe sarmentosa Water parseley Native Apiaceae
Scandix pecten-veneris Shepherd's needle Non-native Apiaceae Vinca major Periwinkle Non-native Apocynaceae
Ilex aquifolium English holly Non-native Aquifoliaceae
Hedera helix English ivy Non-native Araliaceae
Achillea millefolium Yarrow Native Asteraceae
Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed native Asteraceae
Artemisia douglasiana California mugwort Native Asteraceae Baccharis pilularis Coyote brush Native Asteraceae
Bellis perennis Daisy Non-native Asteraceae
Carduus pycnocephalus Italian thistle Non-native Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Non-native Asteraceae
Conyza canadensis Marestail Non-native Asteraceae
Erechtites minima Toothed fireweed Non-native Asteraceae Gnaphalium palustre Cudweed Native Asteraceae
Helminthotheca echioides Prickly oxtongue Non-native Asteraceae Hypericum perforatum St. John's wort Non-native Asteraceae Hypochaeris radicata Cat's ear Non-native Asteraceae
Lapsana communis Nipplewort Non-native Asteraceae
Leontodon crispus Hawkbit Non-native Asteraceae
Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy Non-native Asteraceae
Matricaria discoidea Pineapple weed Non-native Asteraceae Silybum marianum Milk thistle Non-native Asteraceae
Sonchus asper Prickly sowthistle Non-native Asteraceae
Sonchus oleraceus Prickly lettuce Non-native Asteraceae Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew Non-native Asteraceae
Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Non-native Asteraceae
Tragopogon porrifolius Purple goat's beard Non-native Asteraceae Alnus rubra Red alder Native Betulacaea
Borago officinalis Borage Non-native Boraginaceae
Myosotis micrantha Small-flowered forget-me-not Non-native Boraginaceae Myosotis stricta Blue forget-me-not Non-native Boraginaceae Brassica rapa Common mustard Non-native Brassicaceae
Cardamine hirsuta Hairy bittercress Non-native Brassicaceae Raphanus raphinastrum Wild radish Non-native Brassicaceae Natural Environment Study
NES 92 August 2023
Species Name Common Name Native Family
Centranthus ruber Red valerian Non-native Caprifoliacea Dipsacus fullonum Teasel Non-native Caprifoliacea
Lonicera involucrata Twinberry Native Caprifoliacea
Cerastrium glomeratum Mouseear chickweed Non-native Caryophyllaceae Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved allseed Non-native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Chickweed Non-native Caryophyllaceae
Convolvulus sp. Bindweed Non-native Convolvulaceae
Crassula connata Pigmy weed Native Crassulaceae
Sequoia sempervirens Redwood Native Cupressaceae
Carex obnupta Slough sedge Native Cyperaceae
Carex sp. Sedge Native Cyperaceae
Cyperus eragrostis Tall flatsedge Native Cyperaceae
Polystichum munitum Western sword fern Native Dryopteridaceae Equisetum arvense Common horsetail Native Equisetaceae
Equisetum telmateia Great horsetail Native Equisetaceae Acmispon corniculatus Big trefoil Non-native Fabaceae
Fumaria capreolata White-ramping fumitory Non-native Fabaceae Lathyrus latifolius Perennial sweet pea Non-native Fabaceae Lupinus bicolor Miniature lupine Native Fabaceae
Lupinus rivularis Riverbank lupine Non-native Fabaceae
Medicago polymorpha Burr clover Non-native Fabaceae
Trifolium arvense Hare's foot clover Non-native Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Lesser trefoil Non-native Fabaceae
Trifolium repens White clover Non-native Fabaceae
Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean clover Non-native Fabaceae Vicia hirsuta Hairy vetch Non-native Fabaceae
Vicia sativa Common vetch Non-native Fabaceae
Quercus robur English oak Non-native Fagaceae
Erodium cicutarium Redstem filaree Non-native Geraniaceae Erodium moschatum Whitestem filaree Non-native Geraniaceae Geranium dissectum Cutleaf geranium Non-native Geraniaceae Geranium molle Dove's foot geranium Non-native Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum Herb robert Non-native Geraniaceae Escallonia rubra Red claws Non-native Grossulariaceae
Ribes sanguineum Red flowering currant Native Grossulariaceae Juncus bufonius Toad rush Native Juncaceae
Juncus patens Spreading rush Native Juncaceae
Lavendula stoechas Spanish lavender Non-native Lamiaceae Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal Non-native Lamiaceae
Prunella vulgaris Common self-heal Non-native Lamiaceae Linum bienne Blue flax Non-native Linaceae
Claytonia perfoliata Miner's lettuce Native Montiaceae
Eucalyptus globulus Blue gum Non-native Myrtaceae
Epilobium ciliatum Willowherb Non-native Onagraceae
Oxalis articulata Pink wood sorrel Non-native Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Creeping wood sorrel Non-native Oxalidaceae Pinus radiata Monterey pine Non-native Pinaceae
Natural Environment Study
NES 93 August 2023
Species Name Common Name Native Family
Bellardia trixago Mediterranean lineseed Non-native Plantaginaceae Plantago coronopus Cutleaf plantago Non-native Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata Ribwort plantain Non-native Plantaginaceae Triphysaria pusilla Dwarf owl's clover Native Plantaginaceae Agrostis stolonifera Creeping bentgrass Non-native Poaceae Aira caryophyllea Silver hairgrass Non-native Poaceae
Aira praecox Early hair-grass Non-native Poaceae
Anthoxanthum odoratum Vernal sweet grass Non-native Poaceae Avena barbata Slender wild oat Non-native Poaceae
Briza maxima Rattlesnake grass Non-native Poaceae
Briza minor Lesser quaking grass Native Poaceae
Bromus catharticus Rescue grass Non-native Poaceae
Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome Non-native Poaceae
Bromus hordaceus Hairy brome Non-native Poaceae
Cortaderia jubata Pampas grass Non-native Poaceae
Cynosurus echinatus Bristly dogstail grass Non-native Poaceae Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Non-native Poaceae
Festuca arundinacea Reed fescue Non-native Poaceae
Festuca bromoides Fescue Non-native Poaceae
Festuca californica California fescue Native Poaceae
Festuca myuros Rat-tail fescue Non-native Poaceae
Festuca perennis Italian ryegrass Non-native Poaceae
Holcus lanatus Soft chess Non-native Poaceae
Hordeum murinum Foxtail barley Non-native Poaceae
Hordeum sp. Barley Non-native Poaceae
Paspalum sp. Dallis grass Non-native Poaceae
Poa annua Annual bluegrass Non-native Poaceae
Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Non-native Poaceae
Polypogon monspeliensis Rabbit's foot grass Non-native Poaceae Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel Non-native Polygonaceae
Rumex crispus Curly dock Non-native Polygonaceae
Rumex occidentalis Western dock Native Polygonaceae
Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet pimpernel Non-native Primulaceae Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous buttercup Non-native Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Buttercup Non-native Ranunculaceae
Rhamnus purshiana Cascara sagrada Native Rhamnaceae
Cotoneaster sp. Cotoneaster Non-native Rosaceae
Crataegus monogyna Common hawthorn Non-native Rosaceae
Lyonothamnus floribundus Catalina ironwood Non-native Rosaceae Malus fusca Crab apple Native Rosaceae
Photinia sp. Photinia Non-native Rosaceae
Prunus avium Cherry tree Non-native Rosaceae
Prunus laurocerasus Cherry laurel Non-native Rosaceae
Prunus sp. Ornamental plum Non-native Rosaceae
Rosa californica Ornamental rose Non-native Rosaceae
Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Non-native Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Native Rosaceae
Natural Environment Study
NES 94 August 2023
Species Name Common Name Native Family
Rubus ursinus California blackberry Native Rosaceae
Sanguisorba minor Salad burnet Non-native Rosaceae
Galium aparine Cleavers Non-native Rubiaceae
Populus trichocarpa Black cottonwood Native Salicaceae
Salix lasiolepis Arroyo willow Native Salicaceae
Acer macrophyllum Bigleaf maple Native Sapindaceae
Scrophularia californica California figwort Native Scrophulariaceae Urtica dioica Nettle Native Urticaceae
Natural Environment Study
NES 95 August 2023
Appendix H - Wildlife Species Observed
Table 13: Wildlife Species Detected During Site Visit on 3/8/2023 Species Name Common Name Special Status
Avian Species
Ardea herondias Great Blue Heron MBTA/FGC/SAL
Calypte anna Anna's Hummingbird MBTA/FGC
Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture MBTA/FGC
Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker MBTA/FGC
Corthylio calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet MBTA/FGC
Corvus corax Common Raven MBTA/FGC
Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch MBTA/FGC
Megaceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher MBTA/FGC
Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow MBTA/FGC
Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird MBTA/FGC
Passer domesticus House Sparrow FGC
Poecile rufescens Chestnut-backed Chickadee MBTA/FGC
Setophaga coronata Yellow-rumped Warbler MBTA/FGC
Spinus psaltria Lesser Goldfinch MBTA/FGC
Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared Dove MBTA/FGC
Sturnella neglecta Western Meadowlark MBTA/FGC
Sturnus vulgaris European Starling FGC
Turdus migratorius American Robin MBTA/FGC
Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned Sparrow MBTA/FGC
Mammal Species
Odocoileus hemionus Mule Deer None
Thomomys bottae Botta's Pocket Gopher None
Key:

MBTA = federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act
FGC = California Fish and Game Code, including the California Migratory Bird Protection Act SAL = CDFW Special Animal List
Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project 5-9 This document is in draft form. The contents, including any opinions, conclusions or recommendations contained in, or which may be implied from, this draft document must not be relied upon. GHD reserves the right, at any time, without notice, to modify or retract any part or all of the draft document. To the maximum extent permitted by law, GHD disclaims any responsibility or liability arising from or in connection with this draft document.

Appendix E
Wetland Delineation
Wetland Delineation
12th Street Interchange Modernization
Project
City of Fortuna
March 20, 2023
The Power of Commitment
The Power of Commitment
Wetland Delineation
12th Street Interchange Modernization
Project
This document has been prepared for:

City of Fortuna
621 11th Street
Fortuna, CA 95540
USA
By:

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Project Description 1

1.2 Project Location 1

1.3 Summary 1

1.4 Regulatory Background 1

2. Methodology 4

2.1 Wetland Delineation Approach 4

2.2 Vegetation 5

2.3 Soils 5

2.4 Hydrology 6

3. Existing Conditions 6

3.1 Landscape Setting 6

3.2 Climate Conditions 6

3.3 Existing Soils Information 6

3.4 Known Hydrological Resources 7

4. Results 7

5. Conclusions 7

6. Special Terms and Conditions 7

6.1 Purpose of this Report 7

6.2 Scope and Limitations 7

7. References 8
Appendices
Appendix A Figures
Appendix B Data Sheets
Appendix C On-site Plant list
Appendix D Site Photographs
Appendix E Record of Climatological Observations and WETS Table Appendix F NRCS Custom Soil Resource Report
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 1

1. Introduction
GHD prepared this report to delineate wetlands and Other Waters of the U.S. and/or State and accompanying appendices on behalf of The City of Fortuna, in support of the proposed Highway 101 and 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project (Project) in the City of Fortuna (City), in Humboldt County, California (Appendix A, Figure 1).

This report supports the Project’s environmental documentation, permitting, and construction planning as deemed appropriate. The proposed Project Area includes the proposed construction area and staging areas in the City (Appendix A, Figure 2). This report is subject to, and must be read in conjunction with, the limitations set out in Section 5, Special Terms and Conditions, and the assumptions and qualifications contained throughout the report.

1.1 Project Description
The City of Fortuna (City) is bisected by US 101, which parallels the Eel River, and separates the Eel River and the Riverwalk Area from the majority of the City. The existing intersection controls, roadway geometry, and the high volumes of local and regional traffic on 12th Street result in poor traffic operations around the interchange. Proposed project components include a 5-leg roundabout on 12th Street at the northbound US 101 ramps, modifications to the northbound US 101 on- and offramps, the realignment of Newburg Road, and widening the highway overcrossing bridge, or a new standalone structure to accommodate non-motorized facilities. The Project would simplify and improve navigation and traffic operations while reducing congestion and minimizing conflicts on 12th Street between Newburg Road and Riverwalk Drive, including the 12th Street/US 101 interchange. The Project would also create a gateway into central Fortuna that incorporates bicycle and pedestrian facilities, landscaping, and wayfinding.

1.2 Project Location
The Project is located in the City of Fortuna in Humboldt County, California, on the Fortuna USGS quadrangle (Appendix A, Figures 1 and 2). The Project Area spans both the north-bound and south-bound 12th Street-Highway 101 entrances and exits. The Project Area also includes approximately 870 feet of Newburg Road. The Project is not within the Coastal Zone.

1.3 Summary
GHD conducted the wetland delineation fieldwork on January 26, 2023. The delineation was completed within the Project Area (or Project Study Boundary [PSB]), as shown in Appendix A, Figure 2. The PSB is 612,895 ft2 (14.1 acres). Based United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) parameters for wetlands, which include vegetation, hydric soils, and hydrology, no wetlands are present in the PSB.

Seven locations meeting one or two wetland parameters were investigated with soil pits and data collection; however, no area met all three parameters (Appendix A, Figure 3; Appendix B). There are also no waters of the U.S. or State within the PSB. Strongs Creek is southwest of the PSB, and Rohner Creek is north of the PSB; however neither creek is inside the PSB (Appendix A, Figure 3).

1.4 Regulatory Background

1.4.1 Federal
Waters of the United States
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 33 CFR § 328.3 states the following:
(a) Jurisdictional waters. For purposes of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq. and its implementing regulations, subject to the exclusions in paragraph (b) of this section, the term “waters of the United States” means:

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 2 (1) The territorial seas, and waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; (2) Tributaries;
(3) Lakes and ponds, and impoundments of jurisdictional waters; and (4) Adjacent wetlands.
(b) Non-jurisdictional waters. The following are not “waters of the United States”:
(1) Waters or water features that are not identified in paragraph (a)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of this section; (2) Groundwater, including groundwater drained through subsurface drainage systems; (3) Ephemeral features, including ephemeral streams, swales, gullies, rills, and pools; (4) Diffuse stormwater run-off and directional sheet flow over upland; (5) Ditches that are not waters identified in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section, and those portions of ditches constructed in waters identified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section that do not satisfy the conditions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section;
(6) Prior converted cropland;
(7) Artificially irrigated areas, including fields flooded for agricultural production, that would revert to upland should application of irrigation water to that area cease;
(8) Artificial lakes and ponds, including water storage reservoirs and farm, irrigation, stock watering, and log cleaning ponds, constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters, so long as those artificial lakes and ponds are not impoundments of jurisdictional waters that meet the conditions of paragraph (c)(6) of this section; (9) Water-filled depressions constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters incidental to mining or construction activity, and pits excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters for the purpose of obtaining fill, sand, or gravel;
(10) Stormwater control features constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters to convey, treat, infiltrate, or store stormwater run-off;
(11) Groundwater recharge, water reuse, and wastewater recycling structures, including detention, retention, and infiltration basins and ponds, constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters; and (12) Waste treatment systems.(8) Swales and erosional features (e.g., gullies, small washes) characterized by low volume, infrequent, or short duration flow.

Wetlands Definition
33 CFR § 328.3 states the following:

The term wetlands means areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.

Wetlands Delineation Manual
The 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Wetland Delineation Manual provides guidelines and methods to determine whether an area is a wetland subject to federal regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. The manual specifies that wetland hydrology, soil, and vegetation indicators must be present to identify a wetland (USACE 1987, p. 10). In addition, the Wetlands Delineation Manual states, “If hydrophytic vegetation is being maintained only GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 3 because of man-induced wetland hydrology that would no longer exist if the activity (e.g., irrigation) were to be terminated, the area should not be considered a wetland,” (USACE 1987, USACE 2010).

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Wetland Classification Standard The Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (FGDC 2013), based on Cowardin et al. (1979), states that wetlands must have at least one of the three wetland attributes: predominantly hydrophytic vegetation, predominantly hydric soil, and hydrology. However, they state that all available information should be used, and all three attributes should be considered if they are present (FGDC 2013).

1.4.2 State
The State Water Resources Control Board’s (SWRCB) April 2021 Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State says the following:

An area is wetland if, under normal circumstances, (1) the area has continuous or recurrent saturation of the upper substrate caused by groundwater, or shallow surface water, or both; (2) the duration of such saturation is sufficient to cause anaerobic conditions in the upper substrate; and (3) the area’s vegetation is dominated by hydrophytes or the area lacks vegetation.

The Water Code defines “waters of the state” broadly to include “any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state.” “Waters of the state” includes all “waters of the U.S.” The following wetlands are waters of the state:
1) Natural wetlands,
2) Wetlands created by modification of a surface water of the state, and 3) Artificial wetlands that meet any of the following criteria:
a) Approved by an agency as compensatory mitigation for impacts to other waters of the state, except where the approving agency explicitly identifies the mitigation as being of limited duration; b) Specifically identified in a water quality control plan as a wetland or other water of the state; c) Resulted from historic human activity, is not subject to ongoing operation and maintenance, and has become a relatively permanent part of the natural landscape; or d) Greater than or equal to one acre in size, unless the artificial wetland was constructed, and is currently used and maintained, primarily for one or more of the following purposes (i.e., the following artificial wetlands are not waters of the state unless they also satisfy the criteria set forth in 2, 3a, or 3b):
i) Industrial or municipal wastewater treatment or disposal, ii) Settling of sediment,
iii) Detention, retention, infiltration, or treatment of stormwater runoff and other pollutants or runoff subject to regulation under a municipal, construction, or industrial stormwater permitting program, iv) Treatment of surface waters,
v) Agricultural crop irrigation or stock watering,
vi) Fire suppression,
vii) Industrial processing or cooling,
viii) Active surface mining – even if the site is managed for interim wetlands functions and values, ix) Log storage,
x) Treatment, storage, or distribution of recycled water, or xi) Maximizing groundwater recharge (this does not include wetlands that have incidental groundwater recharge benefits); or
xii) Fields flooded for rice growing.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 4 All artificial wetlands that are less than an acre in size and do not satisfy the criteria set forth in 2, 3.a, 3.b, or 3.c are not waters of the state. If an aquatic feature meets the wetland definition, the burden is on the applicant to demonstrate that the wetland is not a water of the state” (SWRCB, 2021).

The April 2020 Implementation Guidance for the State Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State further clarifies as follows:

Human activity can cause changes to the surrounding landscape (e.g., grading activities, road construction, direct hydromodification) such that wetlands form where wetlands did not previously exist. Where such artificial wetlands are now a relatively permanent part of the natural landscape, and are not subject to ongoing operation and maintenance, they are waters of the state. By requiring that the wetlands are relatively permanent, the framework excludes wetlands that are temporary or transitory. That they are part of the natural landscape also indicates the relative permanence of the wetlands and suggests that the wetland is selfsustaining without ongoing operation and maintenance activities, and provides similar ecosystem services as natural wetlands. By way of example, this category of wetlands includes situations where water flow is permanently redirected as the result of human activity, such as grading in another area, such that new wetlands form in areas that were previously dry. These wetlands may not be natural wetlands because they result from human activity and they were not formed by modifying a water of the state (rather they were an indirect result), but nevertheless they take on the function of natural wetlands such that they should be considered waters of the state. This category would not include artificial wetlands constructed for specific purposes listed in section II.3.d because the construction of the artificial wetlands would be too recent to be deemed “historic” and the artificial wetland would likely require ongoing maintenance such that they would not be deemed “relatively permanent,” and/or the artificial wetland is not part of the “natural landscape” (SWRCB, 2020).

1.4.3 Local Jurisdiction
The PSB is entirely in the jurisdiction of the City of Fortuna General Plan 2030, adopted 2010.

City of Fortuna General Plan 2030
NCR‐2.10 Wetland Identification and Protection.

In considering new development projects, the City shall conduct an initial screening, as described in Policy NCR‐2.6 in order to determine whether the proposal would have the potential to impact wetlands. If the initial screening indicates the potential presence of wetlands, a wetland assessment/ delineation shall be prepared to determine the presence of jurisdictional wetlands. The assessment/delineation, with proposed mitigation, shall be submitted to the City, and appropriate state (CDF&G) and federal (USCOE) agencies for concurrence prior to permitting. Mitigation may include, but may not be limited to, avoidance, minimization of impacts, restoration, off‐site replacement, and/or the use of buffers.

2. Methodology

2.1 Wetland Delineation Approach
GHD environmental scientists conducted the wetland delineation on January 26, 2023. To define a wetland, the USACE requires that vegetation, soil, and hydrology (three-parameters) all show wetland attributes (USACE 1987; USACE 2010). The wetland delineation used USACE criteria from the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 5 Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast Region (USACE 2010). The current standard field forms provided by the USACE (2010) were used to collect vegetation, soils, and hydrology data (Appendix B).

In potential wetland areas, vegetation, soil, and hydrology data were collected in locations most likely to meet all three parameters; i.e. the lowest point of a drainage or locations with hydrophytic vegetation. Data collection points were mapped in the field with an Eos Arrow 100 Submeter Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and an iPad running ArcGIS Collector software.

Each data collection point was designated with “Up” and a number (e.g., Up1, Up2). The sampling points were completed to confirm and document the absence of at least one wetland indicator (soils, hydrology, and/or vegetation).

Appendix B contains all datasheets recorded during the delineation.

2.2 Vegetation
Vegetation data collection consisted of listing the dominant species in the herbaceous, shrub, vine, and tree layer within a standard-sized plot determined by the strata layer. Nomenclature follows The Jepson Manual (Baldwin et al. 2012), which was cross-walked to federal standard nomenclature to identify the wetland indicator status. The species’ wetland indicator status for the Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region was noted in the respective column, using the standard reference: National USACE 2020 Wetland Plant List (USACE 2020a). This list classifies species based on the probability that they are found in wetlands (USACE 1987) as follows:
• Obligate (OBL): almost always in wetlands (99% probability) • Facultative Wetland (FACW): usually occurring in wetlands (67% to 99% probability) • Facultative (FAC): commonly occurring in wetlands and uplands (34% to 66% probability of occurring in wetlands)
• Facultative Upland (FACU): usually occurring in uplands (1% to 33% probability of occurring in wetlands) • Upland (UPL): upland obligate, rarely in wetlands (1% in wetlands) Species that do not appear on the list are considered to be in the upland category (USACE 2010). Standard procedures for documenting hydrophytic vegetation indicators were used per the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0) (USACE 2010).

A complete list of plants documented at the site with respective wetland indicator status is included as Appendix C. photographs have been included as Appendix D. The separate Biological Technical Memorandum documents the location and extent of mapped vegetation alliances and Sensitive Natural Communities within the Project Area (GHD 2023).

2.3 Soils
Hydric soils were defined based on the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual:

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0) (USACE 2010) procedures in combination with the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) definitions presented in Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States (USDA 2018). Soil pits were dug to an approximate depth of 14 inches. Data on soil color, texture, and redoximorphic features were recorded. Any observed redoximorphic features (iron concentrations) were noted along with their percentage within the soil matrix, and care was taken to distinguish chromas of 1 and 2 indicative of an irondepleted soil within 12 inches of the soil surface (USACE 2010; USDA 2018).

The Munsell Soil Color Book (COLOR, M. 2000) was used to describe the soil colors for the entire depth of the test pit.

Moist, natural soil aggregate (ped) surfaces, which had not been crushed, were used to determine the soil’s color.

Soils with low chroma were verified as being hydric or upland with Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States (Version 8.2, 2018).

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 6

2.4 Hydrology
Aerial photography and the National Wetland Inventory Mapper were referenced before conducting fieldwork (Appendix A, Figure 3) (NWI 2023). The flood hazard map is also included in Appendix A, Figure 4 (FEMA 2023).

Wetland hydrology indicators, such as drainage patterns, material deposits, soil saturation, high water table, or surface water presence, were recorded in the field. There are no streams or previously mapped aquatic resources within the PSB.

3. Existing Conditions

3.1 Landscape Setting
The PSB is in the Strongs Creek-Eel River watershed which is in the Klamath-Northern California Coastal hydrologic unit. The PSB includes both the northbound and southbound off and on-ramps around the 12th Street interchange on Highway 101 (Appendix A, Figure 2). Elevations in the PSB range from 42 to 50 feet above sea level.

The vegetation around the interchange is dominated by non-native annual grasses and forbs, landscaped trees including Monterrey pine x knobcone pine hybrids (Pinus attenuata x Pinus radiata) and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), small stands of willows (Salix spp.), alders (Alnus rubra), and blackberries (Rubus spp.) and large stands of California blackberry (Rubus ursinus).

3.2 Climate Conditions
GHD delineated wetlands within the PSB on January 26, 2023. Rainfall for the 2023 water year at the Scotia, California weather station approximately eight miles southeast of the PSB totaled 32.43 inches, which was well above average (25.88 inches) for the end of January (NOAA 2023). Mean annual precipitation in the Project Area ranges from 44 to 48 inches (USDA 2023). A WETS table showing climate data for Scotia, California (8 miles southeast of the PSB) is provided in Appendix E.

3.3 Existing Soils Information
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) identifies two soil units within the Project Area (Appendix A, Figure 5 and NRCS report in Appendix F). A brief map unit description, as generated by the NRCS, is provided for each soil unit below (NRCS 2023). Although NRCS soil mapping is informative, the scale is generally too broad to definitively characterize potential wetlands. Please see the full report included as Appendix F for complete details.

Urban land-Friendlycity association, 0 to 2 percent slopes The Urban land-Friendlycity association, 0 to 2 percent slopes map unit composition contains: 65% Urban land, residential, 25% Friendlycity and similar soils, and 10% minor components (consisting of 4% Canalschool, 3% Ferndale, and 3% Carlotta). This soil type comprises 93.5% of the PSB (Appendix A, Figure 5 and Appendix F).

The Urban land-Friendlycity association can be found on alluvial fans and terraces, and the parent material is alluvium derived from metamorphic and sedimentary rock. The Urban land-Friendlycity association consists of silt loam in the top horizon (0-6 inches) above silty clay loam (6-55 inches), and loam on the bottom horizon (55-67 inches). The Urban land-Friendlycity association has a land capability classification (LCC) of 2s without irrigation and 1 with irrigation and is not rated as a hydric soil. The Urban land-Friendlycity association is moderately well drained, and the depth to water table is about 20 to 39 inches.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 7 Ferndale, 0 to 2 percent slopes
The Ferndale, 0 to 2 percent slopes map unit composition contains: 85% Ferndale and similar soils, and 15% minor components (consisting of 4% Swainslough, 4% Worswick, 3% Russ, 2% Arlynda, and 2% Madriver). This soil type comprises 6.5% of the PSB and is located on the northern edge of the PSB (Appendix A, Figure 5 and Appendix F).

Ferndale soils can be found on flood-plain steps, and the parent material is alluvium derived from mixed sources.

Ferndale soils consists of silt loam in all horizons (0-50 inches) except for find sandy loam on the bottom horizon (50- 60 inches). Ferndale soils has an LCC of 2s without irrigation and 1 with irrigation and is not rated as a hydric soil.

Ferndale soils are well drained, and the depth to water table is 48 to 60 inches.

3.4 Known Hydrological Resources
The PSB is between the perennial Strong’s Creek to the south, and the perennial Rohner Creek to the north (Appendix A, Figure 3, NWI 2023). Neither creek is within the PSB and no other known hydrological resources are present.

4. Results
The PSB does not contain any wetlands meeting all three parameters for hydrophytic vegetation, hydrology, and hydric soils (Appendix A, Figure 3; Appendix B, Appendix D). Soil pits data was collected from seven locations with drainage or vegetation indicators. However, all seven locations qualified as uplands.

5. Conclusions
The wetland delineation for the Fortuna 12th Street Interchange Project determined that no wetlands or aquatic resources are present, using methods and indicators outlined in the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast Region (USACE 2010). Given that precipitation at the time of the delineation was well above normal, standing water and other wetland indicators would have been apparent. Data forms are attached showing sample plot data collected in seven upland locations (Appendix B).

6. Special Terms and Conditions

6.1 Purpose of this Report
GHD prepared this report for the City of Fortuna. The City of Fortuna may only use and rely on this report for the purpose agreed upon between GHD and the City of Fortuna, as set out in the scope and contract for work effort reported herein. GHD Inc. is not liable for any action arising out of the reliance of any third party on the information contained within this report. GHD otherwise disclaims responsibility to any entity other than the City of Fortuna arising in connection with this report. GHD also excludes implied warranties and conditions, to the extent legally permissible.

6.2 Scope and Limitations
This report does not authorize any individuals to develop, fill, or alter the delineated wetlands. Verification of the delineation by jurisdictional agencies is necessary prior to the use of this report for planning and development GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 8 purposes. A USACE, agency-stamped, delineation map, and a jurisdictional approval letter are required to signify confirmation of delineation results. In situations where a field investigation determines that no jurisdictional wetlands occur, jurisdictional concurrence with these findings is recommended.

The delineation conclusions were based on the information available during the period of the investigation, which took place January 26, 2023. The opinions, conclusions, and any recommendations in this report are based on conditions encountered and information reviewed by the date of preparation of the report. Site conditions may change after the date of this report. GHD does not accept responsibility arising from, or in connection with, any change to the site conditions. GHD is also not responsible for updating this report if the site conditions change unless contracted to do so.

This report has been prepared by GHD for City of Fortuna and may only be used and relied on by City of Fortuna for the purpose agreed between GHD and City of Fortuna as set out in section 5.1 of this report.

GHD otherwise disclaims responsibility to any person other than City of Fortuna arising in connection with this report.

GHD also excludes implied warranties and conditions, to the extent legally permissible.

The services undertaken by GHD in connection with preparing this report were limited to those specifically detailed in the report and are subject to the scope limitations set out in the report.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on conditions encountered and information reviewed at the date of preparation of the report. GHD has no responsibility or obligation to update this report to account for events or changes occurring subsequent to the date that the report was prepared.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on assumptions made by GHD described in this report (refer section(s) 5.1 of this report). GHD disclaims liability arising from any of the assumptions being incorrect.

7. References
Baldwin, B. D. 2012. The Jepson Manual, Second Edition. University of California Press. Berkeley, USA.

COLOR, M., 2000. Munsell Soil Color Charts. Year 2000 revised washable edition. GretagMacbeth Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2023. FEMA Flood Map Service Center. Accessed January 2023. https://msc.fema.gov/portal/home
Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). 2013. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. Second Edition. Wetlands Subcommittee, Federal Geographic Data Committee and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. http://fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Wetlands-and-Deepwater-HabitatsClassification-chart.pdf GHD. 2023. Biological Technical Memorandum; Fortuna 12th Street Interchange Project.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Regional Climate Centers. 2023. AgCIS. Accessed January 2023. http://agacis.rcc-acis.org/
National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). 2023. National Wetlands Inventory mapper. Accessed January 2023. https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/Mapper.html.

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). 2023. Web Soil Survey. Accessed January 2023. https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 9 Sawyer, J.O., T. Keeler-Wolf, and J.M. Evans. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation, Second Edition. California Native Plant Society. Sacramento, USA.

State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). 2021. "Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State." Procedures, Sacramento, USA.
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/cwa401/docs/2021/procedures.pdf State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). 2020. Implementation Guidance for the State Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State. Guidance, Sacramento, CA: State Water Resources Control Board.
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/cwa401/docs/dredge_fill/revised_guidance.pdf U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1987. Wetlands Delineation Manual, Tech. Rep 4-87-1. Waterways Experiment Station, United States Department of the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2020a. National Wetland Plant List, version 3.5. USACE Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH. http://wetlandplants.usace.army.mil/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2020b. The Navigable Waters Protection Rule: Definition of “Waters of the United States”. Final Rule, Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2018. Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, Version 8.2. L.M.

Vasilas, G.W. Hurt, and J.F. Berkowitz (eds). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in cooperation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2023. Official soil series descriptions and series classification. Natural Resources Conservation Service. https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/ Accessed January 2023.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 10 Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 11 Appendix A
Figures
FIGURE 1
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o Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.; World Topographic Map - labelless: California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA; World_Boundaries_and_Places: Esri, HERE, Garmin; World_Transportation: Esri, HERE; World Hillshade: Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS; World Topographic Map - labelless:

California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS; World Hillshade: Esri, USGS. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12th_St_ARD\12th_St_ARD.aprx - 12577017_001_Vicinity Print date: 28 Feb 2023 - 10:49
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Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12th_St_ARD\12th_St_ARD.aprx Print date: 01 Mar 2023 - 12:21
Dinsmore Dr
Newburg Rd
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Date Mar 2023
Revision No. -
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Aquatic Resources
US 101 & 12th St.

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City of Fortuna
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
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Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 o
0 60 120 180 240 300
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Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World_Boundaries_and_Places: Esri, HERE, Garmin, iPC World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4
\\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12th_St_ARD\12th_St_ARD.aprx Print date: 01 Mar 2023 - 14:09
Dinsmore Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th St
s 12th
Pond St
St
US-101 N
US-101 S
101
101
Rohner Creek
Stro
ngs
Creek
Legend
Project Study Boundary
Flood Hazard Zones
100-year Floodplain
Regulatory Floodway
500-year Floodplain
FIGURE 4
Date Feb 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
FEMA Floodplains
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 o
0 60 120 180 240 300
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12th_St_ARD\12th_St_ARD.aprx Print date: 28 Feb 2023 - 15:08
Dinsmore Dr
Newburg Rd
Meadowbrook Ln
Sunnbrook Dr
Randolph Way
S 12th St
s 12th
Pond St
St
US-101 N
US-101 S
101
101
Rohner Creek
Stro
ngs
Creek
1010
220
Legend
Project Study Boundary
Soil Map Unit
1010- Urban landFriendlycity association,
0-2% slopes
220- Ferndale, 0-2%
slopes
FIGURE 5
Date Feb 2023
Revision No. -
Project No. 12577017
NRCS Soils
US 101 & 12th St.

Interchange
City of Fortuna
Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California I FIPS 0401 Feet
Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic
Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 o
0 60 120 180 240 300
Feet
Paper Size ANSI A
Data source: World Imagery (Clarity): This work is licensed under the Esri Master License Agreement.View Summary | View Terms of UseExport: This layer is not intended to be used to export tiles for offline. Data Collection and Editing: This layer may be used in various ArcGIS apps to support data collection and editing, with the results used internally or shared with others, as described for these use cases.. Created by: jlopez4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Eureka\Projects\561\12577017\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\12th_St_ARD\12th_St_ARD.aprx Print date: 28 Feb 2023 - 16:09
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 12 Appendix B
Data Sheets

SOIL Sampling Point > )o-)
�
Profile Description; (Describe to the depth needed to document the Indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.) �
Depth
U-IY
atrlx , Redox Features
'"T,,;=,=��o=ls-"lt r--___jL_ c Color {moist} ___jL_ � Loc2 Texture Remarks _.,,;;_--'+-'-....c........;;1...........,_-\ ��========--=----�=-==----=-=...==..?.:'_ 3r Q.\t-e2 GA.\ a 1) aDm ------- --- --- --- ---- �y J
------- --- --- ---
------- --- --- ---
------- --- --- ---
------- --- --- ---
------- --- --- ---
------- --- --- ---
)
'T e. C=Concentralion, D=De letion, RM=Reduced Matrix, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Locatlon: PL=Pore Linin . M=Matnx.

Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs, unless otherwise noted.) _ Histosol (A1) _ Sandy Redox (S5)
_ H1:.tic Ep1pedon (A2) _ Strlpped Matrlx (56)
_ Black Histic (A3) ., _ Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (except MLRA 1) _ Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2)
_ Depleted Below Dark Surface (A11) _ Depleted Matrlx (F3) _ Thick Dark Surface (A12) _ Redox Dark Surface (F6)
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) _ Depleted Dark Surface (F7) _ Sandy Gleyed Matrix (S4) _ Redox Depressions (F8)
Restrictive Layer (if present):

Type: ____________ _
Depth Qnches): _________ _
Remarks.

Indicators for Problematic Hydric Solis :
_ 2 cm Muck (A10)
_ Red Parent Materlal (TF2)
_ Very Shallow Dark Surface (TF 12)
_ Other (Explain in Remarks)
'Indicators of hydrophy1ic vegetation and
wetland hydrology must be present.
unless disturbed or problematic.

Hydrlc Soll Present? Yes
, h
I Dw th '(\){Y)(,L So, Q . \\lo 'tW();x: f rN<?\'q ·
h sh r, (., -8 QQ., � y\ a__Q_ 'o] (_ Clci' o-c,Q vur <to �� .

HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:

Prlma!Y Indicators {minimum gf gnfil [!:lQ!.!irfild" i.hei.k all that s!QQI� Seconda!Y Indicators (2 or more rgguired) _ Surface Water (A1) _ Water-Stained Leaves (89) (except _ 11\/'ater-Stalned Leaves (89) (MLRA 1, 2, - High Water Table (
A2) MLRA 1, 2, 4A, and 48) 4A, and 4B)
_ Saturation (A3) _ Sall Crust (811) _ Drainage Patterns (810) _ Water Marks (81) _ Aquatic Invertebrates (813) _ Dry-Season Water Table (C2) _ Sediment Deposits (82) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1) _ Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9) _ Drift Deposits (83) _ Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots (C3) ,X. Geomorphic Position (02) _ Algal Mat or Crust (B4) _ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4) _ Shallow Aquitard (D3) _ Iron Deposits (85) _ Recent Iron Reduction in TIiied Soils (CS) _ FAC-Neutral Test (D5) _ Surface Soil tracks (86) _ Stuntecl or Stressed Plants (D1) (LRR A) _ Raised Ant Mound:, (D6) (LRR A) _ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery (87) _ Other (Explain In Remarks) _ Frost-Heave Hummocks (D7) SparseT� Vegetateq Concave1
Surface (88)
Field Observations:

Surface Water Present? Yes __ No± Depth (inches):

Water Table Present? Yes __ No Depth (inches):

Saturali,on Present? Yes __ No L Depth (inches): Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes -- No.k_ (inctude's caoillarv fnnae)
Oescnbe Recorded Data (stream gauge, monitoring Well, aerial photos, previous Inspections), If available· Remarks: '
M &.a r&'51 bf)
US Army Corps of Engineers
°"�o 1<. R , N o h't,v-oQ.oJ 1, N\Cl1 ·� ( f)(,(Q ,P- Cf tvfh.l \:xshM Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast - Verslon 2.0

SOIL Sampling Point u o- 2...

Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.) Depth Ma1nx R�dQl! Eeatur��
(lns,;hes) Color lmnjst) � Col2r (!DQi�t} _% __ � -12L T�xtur� Remark� 0-1 < 7.S \/ I 3/i @_ �{VO I ' '
--- ------ ---
--- ---------
. - " --- ---------
--- ------ ---
--- ------ ---
--- ------ ---
--- ---------
'Tvoe: C=Concentralion, D=Deolelion. RM=Reduced Matrix, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Location: PL=Pore Llnino. M=Matnx
Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs, unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Solis':
_ Histosol (A1) _ Sandy Redox (S5) _ 2 cm Muck (A10)
_ Hlstic Epipedon (A2) _ Stripped Matnx (S6) _ Red Parent Material (TF2) _ Black Hist1c (A3) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (except MLRA 1) _ Very Shallow Dark Surface (TF12) _ Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2) _ Other (Explain In Remar1<s) _ Depleted Below Dark Surface (A 11) _ Depleted Matnx (F3) _ Thick Dark Surface (A 12) _ Redox Dark, Surface (F6) ,Indicators of hydrophyt1c vegetation and _ Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) _ Depleted Dark Surface (F7) wetland hydrology must be present. _ Sandy Gleyed Matnx (54) Redox Depressions (F8) unless disturbed or problematic.

Restrictive Layer (if present):

Type:

Depth (inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes No>C
Remarks·
�-n(X � 1 �vJ C Y\fb«-4 so,\ 11,5n pl£AS-hc111j. �to r-er"� J

HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:

Primi!!:Y lndica!2rs (minimum of one �1,11red, check all !hi!! a1212M ��ndai:y lnd1�12rs !2 or more r!!Q1,1ired) _ Surface Water (A1) _ Water-Stained Leaves (B9) (except _ Water-Stained Leaves (B9) (MLRA 1, 2, _ High Water Table (A2) MLRA 1, 2, 4A, and 4B) 4A, and 4B) _ Saturation (A3) _ Salt Crust (B11) ){._. Drainage Patterns (B10) _ Water Marks (B 1) _ Aquatic Invertebrates (B13) _ Dry-Season Water Table (C2) _ Sediment Deposits (B2) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1) _ Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9) _ Drift Deposits (B3) _ Oxidized Rhlzospheres along Living Roots (C3) j£ Geomorphlc Position (D2) _ Algal Mat or Crust (84) _ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4) _ Shallow Aquitard (03) _ Iron Deposits (B5) - Recent Iron Reduction 1n Tilled Soils (C6) _ FAC-Neutral Test (D5) _ Surface Soll Cracks (B6) _ Stunted or Stressed Plants (01) (LRR A) _ Raised Ant Mounds (06) (LRR A) _ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery (B7) _ Other (Explain in Remarks) _ Frost-Heave Hummocks (07) Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface (B8)
Field Observations:

Surface Water Present? Yes __ No j[__ Depth (inches).

Water Table Present? Yes __ No X-Depth (Inches) Yes½.__ ' Saturation Present? Yes __ No -1,--Depth (Inches)· Wetland Hydrology Present? No --- (Includes caplllarv frinoe\
Oescnbe Recorded Data (stream gauge, monitoring well, aerial photos, previous inspections), 1f available Remarks:
1' (\ M p,e.ss, ov:, l;,ll j(\(.(),d ku , o£'cl �.JQ . Po.tt>.. pu, I"\.+ C..O\\.c.c.,fcd � vc.,0l'1e✓t. 1)ra1nS <Adj(J(PA.+ up\af'O.s(f" v'>0d. ,
'
us Army Corps or Engineers Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast Version 2.0

Ir--====:::::��============�:;;;::::�;___.::=====-:-=--=-=--=-=--==========:::::.::==- SOIL
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of Indicators.) Depth Redox Features
Color (moi!l!L_ � _JyQL_ Loc � ---:-'��=t--� 2
-=u----=--r-L...� 3 ��-3,�\-� ___ .,.__ ______ _
Texture Remarks
c\t½i \ o ()J/V)___;_ _____ _
--------,,--- --- --- --- ---- .:....... __________ _
--------,,--- --- --- --- ---- ------------
----��-- --- --- --- ---- ------------
----�
.!-- ------ --- ---- ------------
--- --- --- ----- -------------
--- --- --- ----- -------------
--- --- --- ----- -------------
'T e: C=Concentration. D=De letion, RM=Reduced Matrix, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Locatlon: PL=Pore Linin , M=Matrix.

Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs, unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3 :
_ Hlstosol (A1) _ Sandy Redox (S5) _ 2 cm Muck (A10)
_ Histic Epipedon (A2) _ Stripped Matrix (S6) _ Red Parent Material (TF2) _ Black Histic (A3) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (except MLRA 1) _ Very Shallow Dark Surface (TF12) _ Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (172) _ Other (Explain In Remarks) _ Depleted Below Dark Surface (A11} _ Depleted Matrix (F3) _ Thick Dark Surface (A 12) _ Redox Dmk Surface (F6)
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) _ Depleted Dark Surface (F7) _ Sandy Gleyed Matrix (S4) _ Redox Oe:pressions (F8)
Restrictive Layer (if present):

Type: ___________ _
Depth (inches): ________ _
Remarks:
�L"i; So I Q_ ND \'ed. tJ/ ,

HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:

Primary Indicators (minimum of one required: check all that apply} _ Surface Water (A1) _ Water-Stained Leaves (B9) (except _ High Water Table (A2) tJILRA 1, 2, 4A, and 4B)
_ Saturation (A3) _ Salt Crust (811)
_ Water Marks (B1) _ Aquatic Invertebrates (B13)
_ Sediment Deposits (82) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1)
3 lndicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
wetland hydrology must be present,
unless disturbed or problematic.

Hydric Soil Present? Yes __ No£
Secondary Indicators /2 or more required)
_ Water-Stained Leaves (B9) (MLRA 1, 2,
4A, and 4B)
,X. Drainage Patterns (B10}
_ Dry-Season Water Table (C2)
_ Drift Deposits (83)
_ Algal Mat or Crust (B4)
_ Iron Deposits (85)
_ Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots (C3)
_ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4)
Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9}
j Geomorphic Position (02)
_ Shallow Aqultard (03)
_ FAG-Neutral Test (D5)
_ Surface Soil Cracks (86)
_ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery (B7)
_ Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface (B8)
_ Ret1mt Iron Reduction in TIiied Soils (C6)
_ Stunted or Stressed Plants (01) (LRR A}
_ Othe,r (Explaln In Remarks)
_ Raised Ant Mounds (06) (LRR A)
_ Frost-Heave Hummocks (D7)
Field Observations:

Surface Water Present?
Water Table Present?
Saturation Present?
includes ca ilia frin e
Yes __ No� Depth (inches): ____ _
Yes __ No X.. Depth (inches): ____ _
Yes __ No L Depth (Inches)· ____ _ Wetland Hydrology Present? Ye� No� Describe Recorded Data (stream gauge, monitoring well, E1erial photos, previous inspections), if available:

Remarks:

Lo�
�
\n
US Army Corps of Engineers
'(tooS1il ({ I� Ch, �D \J,,\ll ·\t( fd&cv'-...+
\1,S1\J'f, it:,, �l,tc�-
Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast - Version 2.0

SOIL Sampling Point: ....:LJ:::::....1-----j
------ ------ ---
------ --- --- --- ----- -------------
------ --- --- --- ----- -------------
------ --- --- --- ----- -------------
------ --- --- --- ----- -------------
'T e: C=Concentration. D=De letion, RM=Reduced Matrix. CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Location: PL=Pore Linin , M=Matrix.

Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs, unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3 :
_ Histosol (A1) _ Sandy Redox (S5) _ 2 cm Muck (A10)
_ Hlstic Ep1pedon (A2) _ Stripped Matrix (S6) _ Red Parent Material (TF2) _ Black Histic (A3) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (except MLRA 1) _ Very Shallow Dark Surface (TF12) _ Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2) _ Other (Explain in Remarks) _ Depleted Below Dark Surface (A 11) _ Depleted Matrix (F3) _ Thick Dark Surface (A 12) _ Redox Dark Surface (F6)
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) _ Depleted Dark Surface (F7) _ Sandy Gleyed Matrix (S4) _ Redox Depressions (FS)
3 1ndicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
wetland hydrology must be present,
unless disturbed or problematic.

Restrictive Layer (if present):

Type: ___________ _
Depth (inches): ________ _ Hydric Soil Present? Yes
"'Tcv VU> ( ; -ion ( o,-cl--,t1{'Qcl en,. -,eQ_ i S<> 'I ' fl lro/1-, ho I) 2L>'-O \)1, c.J:a1.<J ) 11\4 j h r \os'J) l 11:J ,. NO �d-Dx" N() an� t>-QpV\o_ q_ r'O..

HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:

Prima[Y Indicators (minimum of one r�guired; check all that a1ml:,:l Se�nda!Y Indicators (2 or more r�uired} _ Surface Water (A1) _ Water-Stained Leaves (B9) (except _ Water-Stained Leaves (B9) (MLRA 1, 2, _ High Water Table (
A2) MLRA 1, 2, 4A, and 4B) 4A, and 48)
_ Saturation (A3) _ Salt Crust(B 11) k_ Drainage Patterns (B10) _ Water Marks (B1) _ Aquatic Invertebrates (B13) _ Dry-Season Water Table (C2) _ Sediment Deposits (B2) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1) Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9) _ Drift Deposits (B3) _ Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots (C3) J Geomorphic Position (D2) _ Algal Mat or Crust (B4) _ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4) _ Shallow Aquitard (D3) _ Iron Deposits (B5) - Recent Iron Reduction In Tilled Soils (C6) _ FAG-Neutral Test (05) _ Surface Soil Cracks (B6) _ stunted or Stressed Plants (D1) (LRR A) _ Raised Ant Mounds (D6) (LRR A) _ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery (B7) _ Other (Explain in Remarks) _ Frost-Heave Hummocks (07) _ Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface (88)
Field Observations:

Surface Water Present? Yes __ No ..;z:.._ Depth (inches):

Water Table Present? Yes __ No-¥--Depth (inches):

Saturation Present? Yes __ No+-Depth (inches): Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes...k_ No /includes capillary frinqe) - Describe Recorded Data (stream gauge, monitoring well. aerial photos, previous inspections). if available:

Remarks:
-RD6-cl51tlt
us Army Corps of Engineers
df{J. �natr1- ct� 1[ h
Western Mountains. Valleys, and Coast -Version 2.0

SOIL Sampling Point u '()- s
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of Indicators.) .

Depth Matrix Re�o� Features
(inches} Qolor (moist} _%_ Qolor {moist} � ....IYrui.._ Loc2 Texture Remarks (")-it...\ ID¥f<...3J I LC& --------- s, .2.� s: l� �
--- --------- -,
--- -------- - , •. ·y...:.,~ � )
--- --- --- ---
--- ------ ---
--- ---------
--- ---------
--- ------ ---
'Type· C=Concentrabon. D=Deplebon. RM=Reduced Matrix. CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Location: PL=Pore Umnn, M=Matnx.

Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs, unless otherwise noted,) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils':
_ Histosol (A1) _ Sandy Redox (SS) _ 2 cm Muck (A10)
_ Histic Epipedon (A2) _ Str1pped t-Jatnx (56) _ Red Parent Material (TF2) _ Black HISbC (A3) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (except MLRA 1) _ Very Shallow Dark Surface (TF12) _ Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2) _ other (Explain In Remarks) _ Depleted Below Dark Surface (A11) _ Depleted Matrix (F3) _ Thick Dark Surface (A 12) _ Redox Dark Surface (F6) 'Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and _ Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) _ Depleted Dark Surface (F7) wetland hydrology must be present. _ Sandy Gleyed Matrix (54) Redox Depressions (F8)
-·
unless disturbed or problematic
Restrictive Layer (if present):

Type·
Depth (inches) Hydric Soil Present? Yes -- NoX
Remarks.
red.Ox p--ese iLt . Vet ✓ )(._ No 1 h:w c..hy0"11ZA ._su, _Q_ ...

HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:

Primary Indicators (minimum of one required. check all that apply) Secondary Indicators (2 or more required) .....,
_ Surface Water (A1) _ Water-Stained Leaves (B9) (except _ Water-Stained Leaves (89) (MLRA 1, 2, _ High Water Table (A2) MLRA 1, 2, 4A, and 4B) 4A, and 4B) _ Saturation (A3) _ Salt Crust (B11) )( Drainage Patterns (B10) _ Water Marks (B1) _ Aquallc Invertebrates (B13) _ Dry-Season Water Table (C2) _ Sediment Deposits (B2) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1) _ Saturabon Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9} _ Drift Deposits (B3) _ Oxid1ted Rhizospheres along Living Roots (C3) ¼. Geomorphlc Pos1t1on (D2) _ Algal Mat or Crust (B4) _ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4) _ Shallow Aquitard (D3) _ Iron Deposits (BS) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils (C6) _ FAC-Neutral Test (DS) _ Surface Soil Cracks (86) _ Stunted or Stressed Plants (D1) (LRR A) _ Raised Ant Mounds (D6) (LRR A) _ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery (B7) _ other (Explain in Remarks) _ Frost-Heave Hummocks (D7) _ Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface (B8)
Field Observations:

Surface Water Present? Yes __ No __ Deplh (inches). ____ _ Water Table Present? Yes __ No __ Deplh (inches): ____ _ Saturation Present? Yes __ No __ Deplh (Inches): ____ _ Wetland Hydrology Present? YesX-- No includes ca ma fnn e
Describe Recorded Data (st(_eam gauge, monitoring well aerial photos. previous inspections), ii available US Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains. Valleys. and Coast - Version 2 O

SOIL Sampling Point: Llp-lo
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.) Depth Matrix 11�edox Features
(inches) Color {moist\ � Color {moist'� � � Loc2 Texture Remarks 0-s ., 1oyg. 2-J 1 � ��==--=:t
1-
i
-
r-::=.._ --
-==---�=-==---..:::-=-=-- 1 � 1 D '1 o om
3- \ j , , � 'If 3 } \ tDbfo j ______ s-'.Q.±ij cf�-+
--'--1 o::.....:CJ-=---�---'------
---- ------- --- -------4- --- --- ---
---- ------- --- --------'C- --- --- ---
---- ------- --- ------ --- --- ---
---- ------- --- ------ --- --- ---
---- ------- --- ------,,- --- --- ---
---- 1
------- --- ------ --- --- ---
Type: C=Concentration. D=Depletion, RM=Reduced Matril<, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Location: PL=Pore Llnino, M=Malnx.

Hydric Soll Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs, unless c,therwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydrlc Soils':
_ Hlstosol (A1) _ Sandy Redox (S5) _ 2 cm Muck (A10)
_ Hlstlc Epipedon (A2) _ Stripped Matrix (S6) _ Red Parent Material (TF2) _ Black Histic (A3) _ Loamy Mu1:ky Mineral (F1) (except MLRA 1) _ Very Shallow Dark Surface (TF12) _ Hydrogen Sulfide (A4) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2) _ Other (Explain in Remarks) _ Depleted Below Dark Surface (A11) _ Depleted Matrix (F3) _ Thick Dark Surface (A12) _ Redox Dark Surface (F6)
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) _ Depleted Dark Surface (F7) _ Sandy Gleyed Matrix (84) Redox Depressions (F8)
Restrictive Layer (if present):
3 Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
wetland hydrology must be present.
unless disturbed or problematlc.

Type I
. ___________ _
Depth (inches): ________ _ Hydric Soil Present? Yes __ N/ N l> -re,ot>X :preseM-. g 1>J\Ae..a- \o e,a...t-ed i..0} ,n S\Jr'I�. Sn, JL {(),.,'v('r I 1t>A wn C,01\ \.2A,,l'\UI IN��✓ c.lCLL\ roA:tevd-.

HYDROLOGY I
Wetland Hydrology Indicators:

Primaty Indicators {minimum of one reguired; check all that aQQl:tl �econda[lr'. Indicators {2 or more reguired) _ Surface Water (A1) _ Wate1r•Stained Leaves (89) (except _ Water.Stained Leaves (B9) (MLRA 1, 2, _ High Water Table (A2) MLRA 1, 2, 4A, and 4B) 4A, and 4B) _ Saturation (A3) _ Sall Crust (B11) � Drainage Patterns (B10) _ Water Marks (B1) _ Aqua-lie Invertebrates (B13) _ Dry-Season Water Table (C2) _ Sediment Deposits (B2) _ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1) _ Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9) _ Drift Deposits (B3) • _ Oxldl:zed Rhlzospheres along Living Roots (C3) 2!... Geomorphic Position (02) _ Algal Mat or Crust (84) -- _ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4) _ Shallow Aquitard (D3) _ Iron Deposits (B5) _ Rece·nt Iron Reduction in nlled Soils (C6) _ FAC-Neutral Test (05) _ Surface Soil Cracks (B6) _ Stunt,ed or Stressed Plants (D1) (LRR A) _ Raised Ant Mounds (06) (LRR A) _ Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery (B7) _ Other (Explain in Remarks) _ Frost-Heave Hummocks (D7) _ Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface (B8)
Field Observations:

Surface Water Present? Yes __ No __ Depllh (inches):

Water Table Present? Yes __ No __ Deplh Onches). •
Saturation Present? Yes __ No __ Oeplth Onches). Wetland Hydrology Present? v0_ No /includes caoillarv frinae) --
Describe Recorded Data (stream gauge. monitoring well, a,�rtal photos, previous inspections), if available:

Remarks '
"
LDc.oJ-e-d �,r., 0. dvo.1 ft� �vJo...a.t. Cl.'1 -/ho_ 00}-k'-t "(:)f' er c ulvev.J.

II
us Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast -Version 2.0

SOIL Sampling Point:� r) p, //
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.) Depth
(inches\
Q-y
l/-M::I
Remarks
------ --- --- --- ----- ________ ___;::,__....:....::_ ------ --- --- --- ----- -----------=-=----
------ --- --- ---
------ --- --- ---
------ --- --- ---
'T e: C=Concentratio11. D=De letion, RM=Reduced Matrix, CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Location; PL=Pore linin , M=IMatrix.

Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs, unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils':
_ Histosol (A1) _ Sandy Redox (SS) _ 2 cm Muck (A10)
_ Hislic Epipedon (A2 _ Stripped Matrix (S6) _ Red Parent Material (TF2) _ Black Histic (A3) _ Loamy Mucky Mineral (F1) (except MLRA 1) _ Very Shallow Dark Surface (TF't2) _ Hydrogen Sulfide (A�) _ Loamy Gleyed Matrix (F2) _ Other (Explain in Remarks) _ Depleted Below Dai Surface (A11) ,X Depleted Matrix (F3) _ Thick Dark Surface A12) _ Redox Dark Surface (F6) 3
1ndicators of hydrophy1ic vegetation! and
_ Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) _ Depleted Dark Surface (F7) wetland hydrology must be prese,nt, _ Sandy Gleyed Mair'� (S4) _ Redox Depressions (F8) unless disturbed or problematic.

Restrictive Layer (if pmsent):

Type: ___________ _
Depth (inches). _________ _
Remarks: /\ SD·, Jl \N 0-..S
{0

HYDROLOGY
Primary Indicators (minimum of one required: check all that apply} _ Surface Water (A1) _ Water-Stained leaves (B9) (except _ High Water Table (A MLRA 1, 2, 4A, and 48)
_ Saturation (A3)
_ Water Marks (B1)
_ Sediment Deposits B2)
_ Drift Deposits (B3)
_ Algal Mat or Crust (1:14}
_ Iron Deposits (B5)
_ Surface Soil Cracks (B6)
Inundation Visible or Aerial Imagery (B7)
_ Sparsely Vegetated
r
concave Surface (BB)
Field Observations:
_ Salt Crust (B11)
_ Aquatic Invertebrates (B13)
_ Hydrogen Sulfide Odor (C1)
_ Oxidized Rllizospheres along living Roots (C3)
_ Presence of Reduced Iron (C4)
_ Recent Iron Reduction in TIiied Soils (C6)
_ Stunted or Stressed Plants (01) (LRR A)
_ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Yes __ No __ Depth (inches): ____ _
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required\
_ Water-Stained leaves (69) (IVILRA 1, 2,
4A, and 48)
,¼.. Drainage Patterns (B 10)
_ Dry-Season Water Table (C2
_ Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery (C9)
){_ Geomorphic Position (02)
_ Shallow Aquitard (03)
_ FAG-Neutral Test (05)
_ Raised Ant Mounds (06) (LRR A)
_ Frost-Heave Hummocks (07;)
Surface Water Present?
Water Table Present?
Saturation Present?
includes ca ilia frin e
Yes __ No __ Depth (inches)! ____ _
Yes __ No __ Depth (inches)· ____ _ Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes X No Describe Recorded Data1 (stream gauge, monitoring well, aerial photos, previous Inspections), if available:

Remarks:
us Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast,� Version 2.0 GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 13 Appendix C
On-site Plant List
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 14 Scientific Name Common Name Status Family Status
Allium triquetum three-cornered garlic Non-native Amaryllidaceae UPL Daucus carota wild carrot Native Apiaceae FACU
Hedera helix English ivy Non-native Araliaceae FACU
Baccharis pilularis coyote brush Native Asteraceae UPL
Helminthotheca echioides prickly oxtongue Non-native Asteraceae FAC Hypochaeris radicata rough cat's ear Non-native Asteraceae FACU Sonchus oleraceus prickly lettuce Non-native Asteraceae UPL Alnus rubra red alder Native Betulacaea FAC
Raphanus raphinastrum wild radish Non-native Brassicaceae Dipsacus fullonum wild teasel Non-native Caprifoliaceae FAC Cerastrium glomeratum sticky mouse-ear
chickweed
Non-native Caryophyllaceae FACU
Sequoia sempervirens coast redwood Native Cupressaceae UPL Cyperus eragrostis tall flatsedge Native Cyperaceae FACW Equisetum telmateia great horsetail Native Equisetaceaa FACW Juncus effusus soft rush Native Juncaceae FACW
Pinus radiata x P. attenuata Monterey pine –
knobcone hybrid
Non-native Pinaceae UPL
Agrostis stolonifera creeping bentgrass Non-native Poaceae FAC Festuca arundinacea tall fescue Non-native Poaceae FAC
Prunus sp. plum tree Non-native Rosaceae
Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Non-native Rosaceae FAC Rubus ursinus California blackberry Native Rosaceae FACU Salix hookeriana Hooker’s willow Native Salicaceae FACW Salix lasiolepis Arroyo willow Native Salicaceae FACW
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 15 Appendix D
Site Photographs
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 16 Photo 1. Paved area south of Newburg Road and east of the railroad tracks.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 17 Photo 2. Mowed lawn with drainage grate at 100 Pond Street.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 18 Photo 3. Non-wetland ditch at Upland 2 with California blackberries, redwood and plum tree.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 19 Photo 4. Willow thicket at Upland 3 adjacent to northbound off-ramp.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 20 Photo 5. Drainage in grassy area between northbound Highway 101 and northbound off-ramp.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 21 Photo 6. Spot check soil pit between northbound Highway 101 and northbound on-ramp.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 22 Photo 7. Non-wetland ditch with culvert north of northbound on-ramp.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 23 Photo 8. Location of Upland 4 in non-wetland ditch with California blackberries adjacent to northbound on-ramp.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 24 Photo 9. Location of Upland 5 in well-drained non-wetland ditch with culvert.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 25 Photo 10. Location of Upland 6 in boulder filled swale with culvert.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 26 Photo 11. Location of Upland 7 in recently excavated non-wetland ditch between culverts.

GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | Wetland Delineation 27 Appendix E
Record of Climatological Observations and
WETS Table
Scotia WETS Table
Name SCOTIA, CA US Loc. (Lat/Lon): 40.4833°, -124.1038° Monthly Precipitation
(All values in inches)
Cumulative Precipitation
(All values in inches)
Month Average
Below
Normal
Above
Normal
Actual WY
2023 Average
Below
Normal
Above
Normal
Actual
WY
2023
31-Oct 2.38 0.77 2.78 0.26 2.38 0.77 2.78 0.26
30-Nov 5.23 3.29 6.35 4.10 7.61 4.06 9.13 4.36
31-Dec 9.68 5.17 11.69 11.13 17.29 9.23 20.82 15.49
31-Jan 8.59 4.38 10.42 16.94 25.88 13.61 31.24 32.43
28-Feb 7.83 4.37 9.40 33.71 17.98 40.64
31-Mar 6.93 4.35 8.48 40.64 22.33 49.12
30-Apr 3.89 2.49 4.67 44.53 24.82 53.79
31-May 1.91 0.93 2.34 46.44 25.75 56.13
30-Jun 0.57 0.18 0.64 47.01 25.93 56.77
31-Jul 0.14 0.02 0.12 47.15 25.95 56.89
31-Aug 0.05 0.00 0.08 47.20 25.95 56.97
30-Sep 0.47 0.13 0.49 47.67 26.08 57.46
From WETS Tables - SCOTIA, CA US - http://agacis.rcc-acis.org/ Appendix F
NRCS Custom Soil Resource Report
United States
Department of
Agriculture
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Humboldt County,
Central Part,
California
12577017 Fortuna 12th St.

Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
February 28, 2023
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.

They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.

Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.

The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 2 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
3 Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 Soil Map.................................................................................................................. 8 Soil Map................................................................................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 Map Unit Legend................................................................................................ 11 Map Unit Descriptions.........................................................................................11 Humboldt County, Central Part, California......................................................13 220—Ferndale, 0 to 2 percent slopes.........................................................13 1010—Urban land-Friendlycity association, 0 to 2 percent.........................15 References............................................................................................................17 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil 5 scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.

The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.

These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.

Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report
6 identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Custom Soil Resource Report
7 Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8 9
Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
4493360 4493440 4493520 4493600 4493680 4493760 4493840 4493920 4494000 4493360 4493440 4493520 4493600 4493680 4493760 4493840 4493920 4494000 402070 402150 402230 402310 402390 402470 402550
402070 402150 402230 402310 402390 402470 402550
40° 35' 28'' N
124° 9' 26'' W
40° 35' 28'' N
124° 9' 4'' W
40° 35' 6'' N
124° 9' 26'' W
40° 35' 6'' N N 124° 9' 4'' W
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 10N WGS84 0 150 300 600 900
Feet
0 45 90 180 270
Meters
Map Scale: 1:3,250 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.

Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.

Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:

Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: Humboldt County, Central Part, California Survey Area Data: Version 9, Sep 1, 2022
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 1, 2022—Jun 19, 2022
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Custom Soil Resource Report
10 Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 220 Ferndale, 0 to 2 percent slopes 1.4 6.5%
1010 Urban land-Friendlycity
association, 0 to 2 percent

20.6 93.5%
Totals for Area of Interest 22.0 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.

Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, Custom Soil Resource Report
11 onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.

Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.

These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Custom Soil Resource Report
12 Humboldt County, Central Part, California
220—Ferndale, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2ll2t
Elevation: 10 to 160 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 275 to 330 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Map Unit Composition
Ferndale and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Ferndale
Setting
Landform: Flood-plain steps
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed sources
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 11 inches: silt loam
C1 - 11 to 16 inches: silt loam
C2 - 16 to 21 inches: silt loam
C3 - 21 to 50 inches: silt loam
C4 - 50 to 60 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 48 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: RareNone
Frequency of ponding: None
Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 10.6 inches) Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: F004BI100CA - Fluventic, salt-affected, rarely flooded, alluvial floodplains
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
13 Minor Components
Swainslough
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Salt marshes, flood-plain steps, depressions, backswamps Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, talf
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Worswick
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Flood-plain steps, natural levees
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Russ
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Natural levees
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Arlynda
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood-plain steps, depressions, backswamps, meander scars Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Madriver
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Natural levees
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
14 1010—Urban land-Friendlycity association, 0 to 2 percent Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2w91d
Elevation: 20 to 160 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 44 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 300 to 360 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Map Unit Composition
Urban land, residential: 65 percent
Friendlycity and similar soils: 25 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Urban Land, Residential
Setting
Landform: Alluvial fans, terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Friendlycity
Setting
Landform: Terraces, alluvial fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, tread Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium derived from metamorphic and sedimentary rock Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches: silt loam
A - 6 to 13 inches: silty clay loam
A/B - 13 to 24 inches: silty clay loam
Bw1 - 24 to 35 inches: silty clay loam
Bw2 - 35 to 55 inches: silty clay loam
C - 55 to 67 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Custom Soil Resource Report
15 Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 2.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 20 to 39 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 9.3 inches) Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): 1
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2s
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: R004BI201CA - Fine-loamy Uplands
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Canalschool
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Flood-plain steps
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Ferndale
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Flood-plain steps
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Carlotta
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
16 References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.

Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 17 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf Custom Soil Resource Report
18 ghd.com The Power of Commitment
Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project 5-10 This document is in draft form. The contents, including any opinions, conclusions or recommendations contained in, or which may be implied from, this draft document must not be relied upon. GHD reserves the right, at any time, without notice, to modify or retract any part or all of the draft document. To the maximum extent permitted by law, GHD disclaims any responsibility or liability arising from or in connection with this draft document. ghd.com The Power of Commitment
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project i 12th Street
Interchange
Modernization Project
Final ISMND and Response to Comments
City of Fortuna
April 01, 2025
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project ii 12th Street Interchange Modernization
Project
Prepared for:

City of Fortuna
P.O. Box 545
Fortuna, CA 95540
Prepared by:

GHD
718 Third Street
Eureka, CA 95501
© GHD 2024
Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project i

1. Purpose of the Response to Comment and Errata
of the Initial Study/Proposed Mitigated Negative
Declaration
This document for the 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project (Project) consists of comments received during circulation of the Initial Study/Proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration (ISMND) and the City of Fortuna (City) responses to comments. The ISMND identified likely environmental consequences associated with the Project, and recommended mitigation measures to reduce potentially significant impacts.

2. Environmental Review Process
The City, serving as the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Lead Agency, prepared an ISMND for the Project. The ISMND was submitted to the Office of Planning and Research State Clearinghouse for review by state agencies, and to agencies with jurisdiction by law over resources affected by the Project on February 26, 2025. The public circulation period was from February 26, 2025, through March 28, 2025.

In accordance with the requirements of CEQA, the City provided a Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration (NOI) to the public, responsible agencies, trustee agencies, Humboldt County Clerk, and the State Clearinghouse. The City published the NOI in the North Coast Journal on February 27, 2025, and the NOI was posted at the Humboldt County Clerk’s office for the 30-day public circulation period. The City posted the ISMND on its website within the “Public Notices” section at www.friendlyfortuna.com, as well as at the City office at 621 11th Street, Fortuna, CA 95540 throughout the 30-day public circulation period.

The City Council will hold a meeting at the Fortuna City Council Chambers on April 7, 2025, at 6:00 p.m., to consider adoption of the ISMND, including the comments received, and approval of the Project. Noticing and review periods required by CEQA have been satisfied. The ISMND was completed under the direction and supervision of the City with support from their consultant team and reflects the City’s independent judgement and analysis of the potential environmental effects of the Project.

The contact person for the City is:

Brendan Byrd, Public Works Director
City of Fortuna
P.O. Box 545, Fortuna, CA 95540
Phone: (707) 725-1469
Email: [email protected]
Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project ii

3. Comments and Responses
Two California state agencies, the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (NCRWQCB) and the Great Redwood Trail Agency (GRTA), submitted formal comments on the Project during the public circulation period. The City received no other formal comments from the public or other agencies. The comment letters from the NCRWQCB and GRTA are enclosed below, and responses to comments received follow thereafter.

3.1 Comments and Responses
The City acknowledges comments expressed by the NCRWQCB and GRTA comment letters and looks forward to ongoing collaboration.

Response to Letter 1 Comment 1 – Ensure Conformity with Land Use Covenant Restrictions This comment states that the Regional Water Boards regulate the future land use and future excavation work on the Pacific Lumber Company Fortuna Mill property (Referenced within the ISMND as the former Palco Lumber Mill) under the land use covenant (LUC). The LUC would require all excavation within the former Palco Lumber Mill be approved by the NCRWQCB, that a Health and Safety Plan must be implemented, and that the work must comply with the 2020 Soil and Groundwater Management Plan for the site. The comment asserts that the Project would not be prohibited by the LUC but recommends that the City make the restrictions conditions of approval. The City would adhere to the criteria listed in this comment and will include the LUC in the conditions of approval for the Project.

Response to Letter 2 Comment 1 – Great Redwood Trail Agency This comment states that statement on page 1-3 that the “railroad corridor is owned in fee by the Great Redwood Trail Agency (GRTA)” should be removed as the railroad corridor is the GRTA right-of-way and under their control. The City has removed the referenced sentence of the ISMND page 1-3 via errata in Section 4.

Best,
Heidi
Heidi M. Bauer, P.G.

Senior Engineering Geologist
Site Cleanups Unit Supervisor
North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board
From: Bauer, Heidi M.@Waterboards <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, March 3, 2025 12:41 PM
To: Brendan Byrd <[email protected]>; Andrea Hilton <[email protected]> Cc: McLaughlin, Kelsey R.@Waterboards <[email protected]> Subject: Comment on 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project 5550 Skylane Blvd. Suite A
Santa Rosa, CA. 95403
[email protected]
Office: (707) 570-3769
You don't often get email from [email protected]. Learn why this is important Dear Mr. Byrd and Ms. Hilton, we reviewed the CEQA documents for this project and found that the project lies within one of our closed sites The Pacific Lumber Company Fortuna Mill. This site was closed with land use covenant (LUC) which contains restrictions governing future land use and future excavation work on the property. The LUC is available here: PALCO Fortuna_Recorded Covenant.pdf. The proposed use as an interchange is not prohibited in the LUC, but 1) all excavation work must be approved by the Regional Water Board in writing, 2) any excavation work shall be performed pursuant to an appropriate and fully implemented Health and Safety Plan and 3) all excavation work shall be performed in accordance with the January 20, 2020 site specific Soil & Groundwater Management Plan and revised figure. We recommend making these conditions of approval prior to finalizing the project. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you.

From: Bartee, Hannah@SCC <[email protected]>
Sent: Friday, March 28, 2025 2:00 PM
To: Brendan E. Byrd <[email protected]>; Elaine Hogan <[email protected]> Cc: Shari Meads <[email protected]>; Amy Nilsen <[email protected]> Subject: Re: Public Review CEQA Document - 12th Street Interchange Project Hi Brendan,
Thank you for sharing the notice for the public review of CEQA for the 12th St. project.

Our primary requested edit and comment at this time is the following:

On page 1-3 (PDF page 8), please remove this sentence: "The railroad corridor is owned in fee by the GRTA." The railroad corridor is the GRTA right-of-way and under our control. Under railbanking, the right-of-way (whether fee or easement) can be used for trail as an interim use. We appreciate the other areas of the document where the potential for a return to active rail (assumed under railbanking) has been acknowledged.

Thank you,
Hannah
Hannah Bartee (she/her)
Project Manager, Great Redwood Trail
State Coastal Conservancy | www.scc.ca.gov
1515 Clay Street, Suite 1000, Oakland, CA 94612
Phone: (341) 699-7426
Email: [email protected]
Book time to meet with me
Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project v

4. Errata
The purpose of this errata is to document revisions to the ISMND that are intended to clarify project details since it was submitted to the Office of Planning and Research State Clearinghouse on February 26, 2025, and publicly circulated between February 26, 2025, through March 28, 2025.

The errata include excerpts of text from the ISMND that are proposed for modification and does not include the entire ISMND. Specifically, the entire subsection that contains the text proposed for modification is copied into the errata, and newly proposed text in the errata is underlined and bolded, deleted text from the original ISMND is stricken with single strikethrough, and unchanged text remains in normal font. Only the subsections of the original ISMND that are proposed for modification are copied into the errata

1.5 - Project Location
The proposed Project includes improvements to the U.S. Hwy 101 interchange at 12th Street in Fortuna, Humboldt County, CA (Appendix A – Figure 1). The proposed Project Area is approximately 22 acres and located within Caltrans and the City of Fortuna rights-of-way (Appendix A – Figure 2). Roads within the Project Area includes the 12th Street U.S. 101 northbound off- and on-ramps, the southern terminus of 12th Street to approximately 117 12th Street, the northern terminus of Riverwalk Drive to Dinsmore Drive, the western terminus of Newburg Road to 1498 Newburg Road, approximately 120 feet of Meadowbrook Land and Sunnybrook Drive from Newburg Road, and Pond Street. The Project Area borders the Clendenen’s Cider Works on the north and the former Palco Lumber Mill to the southeast.

In October 2022, the federal Surface Transportation Board authorized the rail corridor within the Project Area to be railbanked. The railbanked right-of-way must be used in a manner consistent with full restoration of potential future railroad use. The Project requires encroachment on Great Redwood Trail Agency (GRTA) property and use of a railbanked railroad corridor planned for the Great Redwood Trail (GRT). The railroad corridor is owned in fee by the GRTA. Project activities within the GRTA right-of-way would require an encroachment permit from the GRTA.

The Project Area is bordered by Strongs Creek to the southwest and Rohner Creek to the north; however, neither creek is inside the Project Area.

Appendices
GHD | City of Fortuna | 12577017 | 12th Street Interchange Modernization Project vi ghd.com The Power of Commitment
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Fortuna City CouncilApril 7, 2025

Fortuna City Council
April 7, 2025