Agenda packet — Fowler City Council, October 1, 2024 (part 1 of 2)

CITY COUNCIL MEETING
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 01, 2024 at 6:00 PM
CITY COUNCIL CHAMBER – 128 SOUTH 5TH STREET, FOWLER, CA 93625 AGENDA
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https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89208901999?pwd=4E2jqk5TIErTcssGLiaZvXpNxlyaw.mH3an1Gpq1-LwhKi Telephone Number: (253) 215-8782
Meeting ID: 892 0890 1999
Passcode: 516420
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Any writing or document that is a public record and provided to a majority of the City Council regarding an open session item on the agenda will be made available for public inspection at City Hall, in the City Clerk's office, during normal business hours. In addition, such writings and documents may be posted on the City's website at https://fowlercity.org. 1 Resolutions and Ordinances - With respect to the approval of resolutions and ordinances, the reading of the title thereto shall be deemed a motion to waive a reading of the complete resolution or ordinance and unless there is a request by a Councilmember that the resolution or ordinance be read in full, further reading of the resolution or ordinance shall be deemed waived by unanimous consent of the Council.

1. MEETING CALLED TO ORDER

2. ROLL CALL

3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA

4. INVOCATION BY PASTOR WALLY ROBERTS OF ROSE OF SHARON CHURCH

5. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

6. PUBLIC COMMENT
This portion of the meeting is reserved for persons desiring to address the Council on any matter not described on this agenda. Presentations are limited to 3 minutes per person and no more than 15 minutes per topic.

7. CONSENT CALENDAR
Items on the Consent Calendar are considered routine and include a recommended action from Staff and shall be acted on by one motion of the Council. If a Councilmember requests additional information or would like to pull an item for discussion, that item shall be pulled from the Consent Calendar and acted upon separately. A Councilmember may register an action on an individual item without pulling the item from the Consent Calendar. A motion to approve the Consent Calendar is deemed to include a motion to waive the full reading of any ordinance or resolution on the Consent Calendar. For adoption of ordinances, only those which received a unanimous vote of the Councilmembers present at introduction shall be eligible for placement on the Consent Calendar.
7A. RATIFY Pay Warrants for October 1, 2024
7B. APPROVE Minutes of the September 17, 2024 City Council Meeting 7C. APPROVE Application from Fowler Youth Football for Youth Recreation Organization Funding in the amount of $2,000
7D. Actions pertaining to special inspections and materials testing for the David T.

Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters:
i. APPROVE a First Amendment in the amount of $58,401.00 to the agreement with Vanir Construction Management, Inc., for a total amount of $913,946.00 ii. APPROVE Budget Amendment Resolution No. 2744 in the amount of $58,401.00 2 7E. AWARD Sumner Avenue Bike/Pedestrian Improvements to Juarez Brothers General Engineering, Inc. in the amount of $158,997.59 and authorize Interim City Manager to execute the agreement
7F. APPROVE a time-only First Amendment to the professional services agreement with Toole Design Group (TDG Engineering, Inc.) for the Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Trails Master Plan
7G. Actions pertaining to vacant buildings:
i. ADOPT Ordinance No. 2024-04 amending sections 5-21.301, 5-21.302, and 5-

21.303, and adding section 5-21.304 to Chapter 21 of Title 5 of the Fowler Municipal Code regarding the regulation of vacant buildings within the City ii. APPROVE Resolution No. 2745 adopting the Master Fee Schedule

8. CONTESTED CONSENT CALENDAR
Items pulled from the Consent Calendar will be heard individually immediately after action is taken on the Consent Calendar.

9. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Planning
9A. Actions pertaining to the 2023-2031 Housing Element:
i. Conduct a public hearing; and,
ii. APPROVE Resolution No. 2746 finding that the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element is consistent with the scope of the 2040 General Plan EIR (SCH No. 2021110053) and adopting the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element

10. STAFF COMMUNICATIONS
10A. Economic Development Update

11. COUNCILMEMBER REPORTS AND COMMENTS

12. CLOSED SESSION
Government Code Section 54956.8
Conference with Real Property Negotiator
Property: APN 343-233-02ST & 343-233-03ST
Agency Negotiator: Interim City Manager
Negotiating Party: Bottom Line Group
Under Negotiation: Terms of Disposition and Development Agreement Government Code Section 54957
Public Employee Appointment/Employment
Title: City Manager
3 13. RECONVENE INTO OPEN SESSION AND REPORT ACTION

14. ADJOURN
Next Ordinance No. 2024-05
Next Resolution No. 2747
CERTIFICATION: I, Angela Vasquez, City Clerk of the City of Fowler, California, hereby certify that the foregoing agenda was posted for public review on Friday, September 27, 2024.

Angela Vasquez, CPMC
City Clerk
4 CHECK NUMBERS CHECK DATES AMOUNT

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE CHECKS
Regular checks 43510-43577 September 18 thru September 25 $ 373,249.02 TOTAL ACCOUNTS PAYABLE CHECKS $ 373,249.02

PAYROLL COSTS
First September Bi-Monthly Payroll September 15, 2024 $ 118,326.78TOTAL PAYROLL COSTS $ 118,326.78 TOTAL CASH DISBURSEMENTS $ 491,575.80
NOTE:

CITY OF FOWLER

WARRANTS LIST
October 1, 2024
5 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 1
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 100 - GENERAL FUND

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43510 09/18/24 11784 FOWLER LIONS CLUB 100 3706 FWL FALL FESTDONATI 0.00 2,500.00 1001 43511 09/18/24 14813 24/7 PET VET 6270 5220 ANIMAL CARE SEP24 0.00 212.40 1001 43512 09/18/24 11689 A & C TIRE SERVICE 6200 5205 TIRE REPAIR-ST 0.00 20.00 1001 43512 09/18/24 11689 A & C TIRE SERVICE 6200 5205 TIRE REPAIR-ST 0.00 25.00 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 45.00
1001 43515 09/18/24 14519 AMAZON CAPITAL SERV 6120 5121 OFFICE SUPPLIES 0.00 21.57 1001 43515 09/18/24 14519 AMAZON CAPITAL SERV 6120 5121 SUPPLIES-PD 0.00 38.11 1001 43515 09/18/24 14519 AMAZON CAPITAL SERV 6150 5100 SUPPLIES-PLN 0.00 156.90 1001 43515 09/18/24 14519 AMAZON CAPITAL SERV 6400 5110 SUPPLIES REC 0.00 409.23 1001 43515 09/18/24 14519 AMAZON CAPITAL SERV 6120 5715 RIFLE ACCESSORIES-P 0.00 1,089.73 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 1,715.54
1001 43516 09/18/24 11291 THE BUSINESS JOURNA 6150 5150 PHN-FHE CUP NO 24-2 0.00 503.75 1001 43516 09/18/24 11291 THE BUSINESS JOURNA 6150 5150 PHN-24PLAN FEE UPDA 0.00 812.50 1001 43516 09/18/24 11291 THE BUSINESS JOURNA 6150 5150 PHN-CML 5173 (040) 0.00 3,022.50 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 4,338.75
1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6700 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 723.31 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6400 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 826.61 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6150 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 1,360.09 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6025 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 1,364.29 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6200 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 1,886.00 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6030 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 2,284.82 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6220 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 2,768.45 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6160 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 4,065.73 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6260 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 4,158.32 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6020 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 4,536.98 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6120 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 21,658.63 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 6080 5240 LAIB 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 27,698.47 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 73,331.70
1001 43518 09/18/24 14188 DATA TICKET 6120 5230 MONTHLY PREMIUM JUL 0.00 350.00 1001 43519 09/18/24 10114 FOWLER BUTANE SERVI 6200 5200 PROPANE FORKLIFT-ST 0.00 15.29 1001 43520 09/18/24 12608 FOWLER HIGH SCHOOL 6020 5110 FHS YEARBOOK AD-ADM 0.00 250.00 1001 43521 09/18/24 10488 FOWLER UNIFIED 6260 5210 FUEL PARK AUG24 0.00 928.36 1001 43521 09/18/24 10488 FOWLER UNIFIED 6120 5210 FUEL AUG-24 0.00 4,114.80 1001 43521 09/18/24 10488 FOWLER UNIFIED 6160 5210 FUEL BLDG AUG24 0.00 78.73 1001 43521 09/18/24 10488 FOWLER UNIFIED 6200 5210 FUEL STREETS AUG24 0.00 467.97 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 5,589.86
1001 43522 09/18/24 10104 FPOA 100 2045 EMP DED 9/15/24 0.00 225.00 1001 43523 09/18/24 10141 H & H TIRE SERVICES 6120 5205 TIRE REPAIR #35 0.00 100.00 1001 43526 09/18/24 10215 NELSON HARDWARE & G 6200 5195 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 100.45 6 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 2
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 100 - GENERAL FUND

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43527 09/18/24 14843 O'REILLY AUTO PARTS 6200 5195 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 87.42 1001 43527 09/18/24 14843 O'REILLY AUTO PARTS 6200 5205 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 112.47 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 199.89
1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6080 5170 128 S 5TH 9/3/24 0.00 2.42 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 5TH/FRESNO 9/3/24 0.00 9.02 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 MERCED/7TH 9/3/24 0.00 9.86 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 1291 W SOUTH 9/3/24 0.00 9.86 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 MERCED/6TH 9/3/24 0.00 9.86 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 5TH/FRESNO 9/3/24 0.00 15.18 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6080 5170 128 S. 5TH 9/3/24 0.00 15.63 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6080 5170 MAIN/5TH 9/3/24 0.00 24.64 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 7TH/TULARE 9/3/24 0.00 24.64 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 420 E MERCED 9/3/24 0.00 46.41 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6700 5170 420 E MERCED 9/3/24 0.00 52.96 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6260 5170 9TH/MERCED 9/3/24 0.00 91.45 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 212 E MERCED 9/3/24 0.00 100.18 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 2831 E MANN 9/3/24 0.00 103.07 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 GLDNST B 9/3/24 0.00 119.29 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 4218 GLDNSTAT 9/3/2 0.00 149.86 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6260 5170 500 E MERCED 9/3/24 0.00 315.40 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LOAN PROG 0.00 941.28 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 5TH/FRESNO 9/3/24 0.00 1,248.63 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6700 5170 420 E MERCED 9/3/24 0.00 1,957.63 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 5,247.27
1001 43529 09/18/24 14513 PAC-AIR INC. 6020 5190 A/C REPAIR-ADMIN 0.00 1,867.70 1001 43529 09/18/24 14513 PAC-AIR INC. 6080 5715 A/C UNIT CHAMBERS 0.00 15,800.00 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 17,667.70
1001 43530 09/18/24 11071 PAPE MACHINERY ACCT 6200 5205 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 169.40 1001 43531 09/18/24 13095 PBM SUPPLY & MFG 6260 5203 SUPPLIES-PARKS 0.00 10.15 1001 43531 09/18/24 13095 PBM SUPPLY & MFG 6260 5203 SUPPLIES-PARKS 0.00 245.17 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 255.32
1001 43534 09/18/24 12904 PRECISION CONCRETE 6200 5202 SIDEWALK REPAIR-ST 0.00 10,000.00 1001 43535 09/18/24 15095 RAMIREZ, RAQUEL 6400 5110 WNAP MUSIC 9/18/24 0.00 600.00 1001 43536 09/18/24 14479 RG POWER 6200 5200 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 95.03 1001 43537 09/18/24 10518 SIGNMAX! 6200 5195 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 78.01 1001 43537 09/18/24 10518 SIGNMAX! 6200 5195 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 78.01 1001 43537 09/18/24 10518 SIGNMAX! 6200 5195 SUPPLIES-ST 0.00 326.13 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 482.15
1001 43538 09/18/24 10289 SOUTH COUNTY VETERI 6270 5220 DISPOSAL OF ANIMAL 0.00 50.00 1001 43539 09/18/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 6120 5185 MATS/MOPS-PD 0.00 8.29 1001 43539 09/18/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 6200 5185 UNIFORMS-ST 0.00 64.99 1001 43539 09/18/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 6700 5185 JANITORIAL-SN CTR 0.00 72.04 7 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 3
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 100 - GENERAL FUND

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43539 09/18/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 6020 5185 MATS/MOPS-ADMIN 0.00 87.59 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 232.91
1001 43540 09/18/24 14830 WILLDAN GROUP INC 6160 5220 INSPECTIONS JUL24 0.00 1,536.15 1001 43543 09/25/24 15013 ADVANCED PEST WIPEO 6020 5185 PEST CONTROL 9/23/2 0.00 90.00 1001 43543 09/25/24 15013 ADVANCED PEST WIPEO 6130 5185 PEST CONTROL 9/23/2 0.00 95.00 1001 43543 09/25/24 15013 ADVANCED PEST WIPEO 6700 5185 PEST CONTROL 9/23/2 0.00 95.00 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 280.00
1001 43544 09/25/24 10549 AT&T MOBILITY 6170 5160 FIRST NET 0.00 1,130.01 1001 43546 09/25/24 15100 BROWN SUGAR 6400 5110 ENTERTAINMENT WNAP 0.00 600.00 1001 43548 09/25/24 10064 COLONIAL LIFE INSUR 100 2042 EMP DED SEPT24 0.00 47.42 1001 43549 09/25/24 12654 COMCAST 6170 5160 COMCAST VOICE 0.00 1,067.49 1001 43550 09/25/24 11124 COMMERCIAL NEON INC 6200 5200 FOWLER SIGN REPAIR 0.00 321.29 1001 43552 09/25/24 14702 DAVE'S AUTO SERVICE 6120 5205 BOTTOM COVER #15 0.00 22.00 1001 43555 09/25/24 10104 FPOA 100 2045 EMP DED 09/30/24 0.00 225.00 1001 43556 09/25/24 14608 GARY WINEBRENNER 6400 5110 BALLONN TWISTING-RE 0.00 174.74 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6030 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 339.14 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6260 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 850.37 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6200 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 850.38 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6700 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 867.88 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6025 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 986.69 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6150 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 1,018.44 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6400 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 1,093.97 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 100 2041 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 1,210.00 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6020 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 1,633.20 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6160 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 1,971.34 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6220 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 1,998.37 1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 6120 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 11,394.92 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 24,214.70
1001 43559 09/25/24 12524 KENT M KAWAGOE, PH. 6025 5115 PSYCH EVAL-PD 0.00 325.00 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 70.50 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 282.94 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 634.50 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 634.50 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 1,104.50 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 1,433.50 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 1,510.60 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 2,914.00 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 3,625.80 1001 43560 09/25/24 10194 LOZANO SMITH 6060 5620 LEGAL SVC AUG24 0.00 6,127.13 8 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 4
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 100 - GENERAL FUND

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT TOTAL CHECK 0.00 18,337.97
1001 43561 09/25/24 10215 NELSON HARDWARE & G 6200 5195 SUPPLIES STREETS 0.00 45.55 1001 43561 09/25/24 10215 NELSON HARDWARE & G 6200 5195 SUPPLIES STREETS 0.00 108.41 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 153.96
1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 SUMNER&MAGNOLA 9/13 0.00 6.15 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS1-F HWY LT 9/13/ 0.00 11.20 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 SUMNER/HW99 9/13/24 0.00 12.31 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS1-E HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 12.82 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 TSFR 3LTS 9/13/24 0.00 13.18 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 WALTER/FRES 9/13/24 0.00 15.38 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 8TH/VINE 9/13/24 0.00 16.77 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 ADAMS/DEEAN 9/13/24 0.00 20.17 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS1-A HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 20.52 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 TR5090 9/13/24 0.00 29.54 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS2-A HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 43.10 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 TEMP/PARL 9/13/24 0.00 43.10 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS1-F HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 46.80 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 TRACT 5834 9/13/24 0.00 62.31 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS2-A HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 64.07 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 TR5041 9/13/24 0.00 112.50 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 TRACT 5212 9/13/24 0.00 130.97 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 T5088 9/13/24 0.00 139.74 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 GLDST/VLY DR 9/13/2 0.00 203.32 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 ADAMS/TEMP 09/13/24 0.00 205.11 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 SOUTH&SUNNY9/13/24 0.00 214.90 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 CLAYTON/ARMST 9/13/ 0.00 256.10 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS1-C HWY 9/13/24 0.00 333.71 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS1-F HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 407.45 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS1-A 9/13/24 0.00 792.15 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS2-A HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 973.20 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LSI-E HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 1,104.39 1001 43562 09/25/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 6200 5170 LS2-A HWY LT 9/13/2 0.00 1,503.44 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 6,794.40
1001 43564 09/25/24 10993 POLICE REGIONAL TRA 6120 5300 PERISHABLE SKILLS 0.00 593.00 1001 43565 09/25/24 14433 PRICE PAIGE & COMPA 6030 5220 AUDIT 22-23 0.00 6,303.00 1001 43566 09/25/24 10441 PROFORCE LAW ENFORC 6120 5715 RIFLE SITE 0.00 7,132.96 1001 43568 09/25/24 10085 STATE OF CA DEPARTM 6120 5220 FINGERPRINTS 0.00 79.00 1001 43568 09/25/24 10085 STATE OF CA DEPARTM 6120 5310 BAC-AUG24 0.00 175.00 1001 43568 09/25/24 10085 STATE OF CA DEPARTM 6120 5310 BAC-JUL24 0.00 315.00 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 569.00
1001 43569 09/25/24 14844 STIX FACE PAINT 6400 5110 FACE PAINTER-WNAP 0.00 200.00 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6700 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 33.52 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6400 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 40.22 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6150 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 49.67 9 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 5
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 100 - GENERAL FUND

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6025 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 64.28 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6220 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 70.47 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6030 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 87.23 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6020 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 92.81 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6160 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 152.56 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6200 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 245.34 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6260 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 312.34 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 100 2046 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 818.80 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 6120 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 1,010.26 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 2,977.50
1001 43572 09/25/24 15083 THE CHLORINATOR POO 6260 5203 FOUNTAIN SVCSEPT24 0.00 250.00 1001 43574 09/25/24 15099 TULARE-KINGS POLICE 6120 5300 FIREARMS/TACTICAL 0.00 308.00 1001 43575 09/25/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 6200 5185 UNIFORMS-ST 0.00 75.18 1001 43575 09/25/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 6700 5185 JANITORIAL SNR CTR 0.00 80.68 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 155.86
1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6700 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 9.85 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6400 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 11.82 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6150 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 13.78 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6025 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 17.73 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6220 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 19.69 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6030 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 24.60 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6020 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 27.56 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6160 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 45.27 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6200 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 52.39 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6260 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 111.42 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 100 2048 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 170.20 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 6120 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 295.37 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 799.68
1001 43577 09/25/24 14290 XEROX FINANCIAL SER 6170 5180 LEASE SEPT24 0.00 1,515.43 TOTAL CASH ACCOUNT 0.00 199,808.22
TOTAL FUND 0.00 199,808.22
10 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 6
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 209 - RECYCLE GRANT

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43554 09/25/24 15101 FOWLER HIGH BASKETB 2090 5110 CLEAN UP-BOOSTERS 0.00 500.00 TOTAL CASH ACCOUNT 0.00 500.00
TOTAL FUND 0.00 500.00
11 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 7
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 255 - STATE GRANT AB178

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43541 09/18/24 11244 FRESNO COUNTY PUBLI 2550 5710 PERMIT-PD/SNR CTR 0.00 430.00 TOTAL CASH ACCOUNT 0.00 430.00
TOTAL FUND 0.00 430.00
12 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 8
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 258 - BIKE PED TRAILS SUST TRAN

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43542 09/18/24 14787 TOOLE DESIGN GROUP 258 5520 FOWLER BIKE/PED TRA 0.00 1,174.02 TOTAL CASH ACCOUNT 0.00 1,174.02
TOTAL FUND 0.00 1,174.02
13 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 9
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 500 - WATER

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43513 09/18/24 15094 AGUILAR AUTO SALES 500 2050 UB REFUND 0.00 1.76 1001 43514 09/18/24 10007 ALERT-O-LITE, INC 5000 5130 SUPPLIES-WTR 0.00 86.63 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 5000 5087 WC 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 11,025.78 1001 43517 09/18/24 10074 CSJVRMA 5000 5240 LIAB 24-25 2ND QTR 0.00 13,642.52 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 24,668.30
1001 43521 09/18/24 10488 FOWLER UNIFIED 5000 5210 FUEL WTR AUG24 0.00 781.31 1001 43524 09/18/24 14238 INFOSEND, INC 5000 5621 MONTHLY MAINT AUG24 0.00 636.04 1001 43525 09/18/24 14927 MISAC 5000 5250 MEMBERSHIP 24-25 0.00 130.00 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 5000 5170 95 E ADAMS 9/3/24 0.00 4,473.21 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 5000 5170 ADAMS/5TH 9/3/24 0.00 4,728.06 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 5000 5170 SESWNW231521 9/3/24 0.00 12,680.46 1001 43528 09/18/24 10237 P G & E - SACRAMENT 5000 5170 TEMP/GOLDN 9/3/24 0.00 473.29 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 22,355.02
1001 43532 09/18/24 15093 PEREZ, PATRICIA 500 2050 UB REFUND 0.00 105.27 1001 43533 09/18/24 15092 POWERS, BOB 500 2050 UB REFUND 0.00 4.39 1001 43539 09/18/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 5000 5185 UNIFORMS-WTR 0.00 64.99 1001 43545 09/25/24 15102 BARO/VALENCIA, ROXA 500 2050 UB REFUND 0.00 76.88 1001 43547 09/25/24 10024 BSK ASSOCIATES 5000 5310 WATER TESTING 0.00 208.45 1001 43551 09/25/24 14429 CORE & MAIN 5000 5206 METER BOX-WTR 0.00 285.30 1001 43553 09/25/24 15096 DURAN, GLADYS & SAL 500 2050 UB REFUND 0.00 29.77 1001 43557 09/25/24 10759 GLASCO GENERAL ENGI 5000 5202 FIRE HYDRANT SVC-WT 0.00 2,500.00 1001 43557 09/25/24 10759 GLASCO GENERAL ENGI 5000 5202 FIRE HYDRANT SVC-WT 0.00 2,500.00 1001 43557 09/25/24 10759 GLASCO GENERAL ENGI 5000 5202 FIRE HYDRANT SVC-WT 0.00 2,500.00 1001 43557 09/25/24 10759 GLASCO GENERAL ENGI 5000 5202 FIRE HYDRANT SVC-WT 0.00 2,500.00 1001 43557 09/25/24 10759 GLASCO GENERAL ENGI 5000 5202 FIRE HYDRANT SVC-WT 0.00 3,500.00 1001 43557 09/25/24 10759 GLASCO GENERAL ENGI 5000 5202 FIRE HYDRANT INST-W 0.00 12,900.00 TOTAL CHECK 0.00 26,400.00
1001 43558 09/25/24 13496 KEENAN & ASSOCIATES 5000 5084 HEALTH BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 4,957.42 1001 43563 09/25/24 15103 PINEDA, MOISES 500 2050 UB REFUND 0.00 100.00 1001 43570 09/25/24 13647 SUN LIFE FINANCIAL 5000 5084 DENTAL BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 344.55 1001 43571 09/25/24 13048 SWRCB ACCOUNTING OF 5000 5220 WATER SYSTEM FEE 0.00 162.00 1001 43573 09/25/24 14065 THE WATER CONNECTIO 5000 5220 RP REPAIR-WTR 0.00 1,049.24 14 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 10
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 500 - WATER

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43575 09/25/24 13543 UNIFIRST CORPORATIO 5000 5185 UNIFORM-WATER 0.00 75.17 1001 43576 09/25/24 11335 VISION SERVICE PLAN 5000 5084 VISION BENEFIT SEPT 0.00 99.06 TOTAL CASH ACCOUNT 0.00 82,621.55
TOTAL FUND 0.00 82,621.55
15 Section 7, Item 7A.

SUPERION PAGE NUMBER: 11
DATE: 09/25/2024 CITY OF FOWLER ACCTPA21
TIME: 12:58:35 CHECK REGISTER - BY FUND
SELECTION CRITERIA: transact.check_no between '43510' and '43577' ACCOUNTING PERIOD: 3/25
FUND - 740 - AB1600-TRF MTGTN & IMPACT

CASH ACCT CHECK NO ISSUE DT VENDOR NAME DEPT ACCNT ----DESCRIPTION---- SALES TAX AMOUNT 1001 43567 09/25/24 11880 RJ BERRY JR INC 7400 5710 PED CROSS IMP 2024 0.00 88,715.23 TOTAL CASH ACCOUNT 0.00 88,715.23
TOTAL FUND 0.00 88,715.23
TOTAL REPORT 0.00 373,249.02
16 Section 7, Item 7A.

CITY COUNCIL MEETING
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 2024 at 6:00 PM
CITY COUNCIL CHAMBER – 128 SOUTH 5TH STREET, FOWLER, CA 93625

MINUTES

1. MEETING CALLED TO ORDER
Mayor Parra called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m.

2. ROLL CALL

PRESENT
Daniel Parra
Juan Mejia
Amarjeet Gill
Leonard Hammer
Karnig Kazarian
City Staff Present: Interim City Manager Gaffery, City Attorney Cross, Fresno County Fire Protection District Battalion Chief Dominguez, Fresno County Fire Protection District Unit Chief Hail, Recreation Supervisor Hernandez, City Planner Marple, Finance Director Moreno, City Engineer Park, Police Chief Reid, Public Works Director Rocha, and City Clerk Vasquez.

6. CEREMONIAL PRESENTATIONS
6A. Employee of the Quarter - Louis Armendarez
6B. Swearing in of Police Officer - Nicholas Martinez

7. PUBLIC COMMENT
No members of the public spoke.

8. CONSENT CALENDAR
Motion made by Mejia, Seconded by Kazarian.

Voting Yea: Parra, Gill, Hammer

9. CONTESTED CONSENT CALENDAR
No items were pulled from the consent calendar.

10. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Finance
10A. ACCEPT the Independent Auditor’s Report for the Fiscal Year 2022-2023 17 Section 7, Item 7B.

Motion made by Kazarian, Seconded by Gill.

Voting Yea: Parra, Mejia, Hammer
Planning
10B. INTRODUCTION of Ordinance 2024-04 amending sections 5-21.301, 5-21.302, and 5-

21.303, and adding section 5-21.304 to Chapter 21 of Title 5 of the Fowler Municipal Code regarding the regulation of vacant buildings within the City Motion made by Kazarian, Seconded by Gill; with direction to staff to modify Section 2. 5-21.304 (b) Fee Imposed to reflect a fee adopted by Council resolution.

Voting Yea: Parra, Mejia, Hammer
10C. UPDATE on Community Development Block Grant program income funding priorities Two members of the public spoke.

Public Works
10D. PROVIDE STAFF DIRECTION on water tower visual identity Mayor Pro-Tem Mejia and Councilmember Kazarian were selected to be on the visual identity subcommittee.

11. STAFF COMMUNICATIONS
11A. Quarterly Update by Chief Dustin Hale, Fresno County Fire Protection District Updates were also provided by Interim City Manager Gaffery, Finance Director Moreno, Recreation Supervisor Hernandez, City Clerk Vasquez, City Planner Marple, City Engineer Park, and Chief Reid.

12. COUNCILMEMBER REPORTS AND COMMENTS
Updates were provided by Councilmember Hammer, Councilmember Gill, Mayor Parra, Mayor Pro-Tem Mejia, and Councilmember Kazarian.

13. CLOSED SESSION
The meeting went into closed session at 7:17 p.m.

14. RECONVENE INTO OPEN SESSION AND REPORT ACTION
The meeting reconvened into open session at 8:06 p.m.

There was no reportable action taken on any of the four closed session items.

15. ADJOURN
Having no further business the meeting adjourned at 8:06 p.m. 18 Section 7, Item 7B.

CITY COUNCIL MEETING

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL
DATE: October 1, 2024
FROM: BECKIE MOLINA, Records Technician
SUBJECT: APPROVE Application from Fowler Youth Football for Youth Recreation Organization Funding in the amount of $2,000

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Staff recommend the City Council approve the application from Fowler Youth Football for the Youth Recreation Organization Funding program in the amount of $2,000 for fiscal year 2024-

25. BACKGROUND
The City’s “Youth Recreational Funding Program Guidelines” outline the purpose, process, and evaluation procedure for providing up to $2,000 per year to youth sports programs in Fowler.

Fowler Youth Football meets these requirements, and submitted a complete application which outlined they will utilize potential funding for CIF helmet certification.

PUBLIC NOTICE
This item does not require a public hearing and was noticed as a part of the City Council Agenda.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
This action does not constitute a “project” pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act.

GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
This action is consistent with:

General Plan Goal OS-3
Recreational programming and facilities meet the needs of community members of all ages and abilities.

FISCAL IMPACT
Funds have been appropriated under Youth Sports Contributions in the Utility Users Tax Fund. 19 Section 7, Item 7C.

PROCUREMENT PROCESS
No procurement is associated with this action.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Staff is not aware of any conflicts of interest.

Attachments
- Fowler Youth Football Youth Recreation Organization Funding Application 20 Section 7, Item 7C.
21 Section 7, Item 7C.

Page 2 of 3 ends

II. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Name of the youth program or project for which you are requesting funding: Fowler Youth Football
Amt. of Funding Requested:
$ 2,000
Is this a new or existing program? (circle one) New Existing Number of clients this program is currently serving in the current fiscal year: 143 Number of clients this youth program is expected to serve in the next fiscal year: 145 Provide a description of your organization and a detailed description of the proposed project explaining precisely what is to be accomplished with the requested funds. What is the primary project goal? Include details on the nature and scope of the situation to be addressed.

The main goal for the use of these funds is helmet certification. Every season we send off half of our helmets to be certified by Riddell in San Diego (every helmet needs to be certified every two years). They are inspecting our helmets for any defective helmets that would jeopardize the safety of our kids. Every helmet runs around $50-70 to be certified and this could be anywhere from looking for cracks on helmets to replacing screws or jaw pads. This becomes costly over time, but it is a cost we take very seriously. We usually send our helmets at the end of the season (end of November early December) and we won’t get them back until February. These funds will cover and help pay for solely the certification of our helmets.

Identify and describe the target population. Our Program targets any youth 7-14 years old here in Fowler and Malaga. It can also be male or female
How will this program be promoted among the target population? This program mostly promotes itself though references of families from previous years. We also do some fundraising for the community and our home games are a huge part as well.

Identify the facility at which the proposed project services will be provided, including hours and days. As for the certification of helmets we work with Riddell. They collect all the helmets we are sending out and then it takes about 4-5 months to get them back. This usually takes place in the off season. 22 Section 7, Item 7C.

Page 3 of 3 ends

III. PROGRAM FINANCIAL INFORMATION
What is your organization’s budget for the current fiscal year? $ 2742 Please list the year(s), and amount(s) of past funding the program/project has received from the City of Fowler: We have received $2000 from the city dating back to 2021.

Please list funding the program receives from other sources, including other cities: Majority of the funding this program receives is the player registration and football games entry fee and snack bar. We also do a few fundraisers with sports gear and fireworks. This is all detailed in the budget.

Please supply the following information regarding funding the specific program/project you are proposing.

Categories Expenditures
Revenues
Other Sources From City
Salaries & Benefits 0 0 0
Supplies 2000 0 0
Rent 0 0 0
Communications (phone, postage) 0 0 0
Travel Expenses 0 0 0
Insurance 2525 0 0
Other 2025 0 0
TOTAL BUDGET: 2742
IV. ATTACHMENTS
• Evidence of non-profit status 501(c)(3)
• Copy of Bylaws/guidelines
• Evidence of Liability Insurance; amount of $1,000,000 • Evidence of Worker's Compensation Insurance
• Board of Directors roster / stipend / amount
• Copy of the agency's most recent total budget
All application packets must be completed, including all attachments, and returned to:

Fowler City Hall at 128 S. 5th St., Fowler, CA 93625;
or emailed to Beckie Molina: [email protected]
Please attach the following items listed below to your application:
23 Section 7, Item 7C.
24 Section 7, Item 7C.
1 2024 E D I T I O N

C O N S T I T U T I O N
A N D

B Y L A WS
Revised 4/8/2024
25 Section 7, Item 7C.
2 ORGANIZATION
Officers and Directors
(Board of Directors)
President
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- | | | | |
Secretary/ Commissioner President-Elect Cheer Directors Treasurer | Coordinator
(Rules Committee)
There shall be one (1) director representing each organization, from these the officers will be elected, excluding the secretary/treasurer, who shall be appointed. The directors, together with the officers, shall constitute "The Board of Directors". Tri-County league does not encourage coaches as directors. The commissioner is an appointed, non-voting board member and does not represent any organization.

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEES
CHEER USA Football SPECIAL COMMITTEE: Special Assignments

BOARD OF DIRECTOR'S MEETING AGENDA
I. CALL TO ORDER
II. ROLL CALL
III. MINUTES
IV. TREASURER’S REPORT
V. PRESIDENT’S REPORT
VI. CHEER COMMISSIONER’S REPORT
VII. COMMISSIONER’S REPORT
VIII. RULES COMMITTEE REPORT
IX. OLD BUSINESS
X. NEW BUSINESS
XI. ADJOURNMENT
26 Section 7, Item 7C.
3 CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE I - NAME
A. The name of this league shall be Tri-County Youth Football League.

ARTICLE II - PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
A. To promote the theory and practice of the principles of good citizenship.

B. To take an active interest in the social and moral welfare of each player.

C. To unite the players in the bond of friendship, good fellowship, and mutual understanding.

D. To encourage discipline and promote high standards in sportsmanship, physical fitness, and the fundamentals of football and cheer.

E. To create and foster a spirit of generous consideration among the players regardless of race, creed, national origin, or sex.

F. To provide an opportunity to play the game in a supervised, organized, and safety-oriented manner, and keep the welfare of participants free of any adult ambition and personal glory.

ARTICLE III - MEMBERS
A. In conformity with the objectives of this League, membership shall consist of not more than one active member for each town.

B. Adult persons of good moral character and standing in the community and who are engaged in a legitimate and recognized line of business or professional activity and preferably not a coach in Tri- County League.

C. Teams shall be subject to the same rules and regulations governing selection as active membership.

Applications for League membership should be approved by the active members involved before membership can be granted.

D. No prospective team shall be invited to join the League until after this nomination has been approved by the active members involved before membership shall be granted.

E. The President shall present "Proposal for Membership" to the Board of Directors for majority approval. (51% of the Executive Board).

F. If this approval is granted, the prospect can be invited to become a member of the league. 27 Section 7, Item 7C.
4 G. Tri-County Youth Football League team charter form, and a check for league fees must be in the hands of the Treasurer by July 15th of each year. League fees: $500.00 H. Every organization shall have a Board of Directors consisting of no less than 5 members. a. Directors shall consist of a President, Secretary, Treasurer and 2 Members-at-Large. b. Tri-County Representative shall be designated to the Tri-County Board. c. A list of these directors shall be given to the Tri-County Board by March 31st of each year.

ARTICLE IV - RESIGNATIONS
A. Resignations of any team shall become effective upon written notice to the league Commissioner.

ARTICLE V - FORFEITURE OF MEMBERSHIP
A. The Commissioner shall submit to the Board of Directors the name of any team who refuses or neglects to pay any indebtedness due to the League within the prescribed time designated by the Commissioner.

B. The Board shall thereafter decide whether the team shall be dropped or retained on the roster.

C. If an organization has an unpaid debt over 90 days from the date of first invoice of the year, they cannot host a playoff, all-star, or championship game and loses voting rights until debit is paid in full.

ARTICLE VI OFFICERS
A. The League officers consist of the following: President, Directors, Commissioner, Secretary/Treasurer, President-Elect, and Cheer Commissioner.
a. Each organization will have one Director from which these officers will be elected.

B. Board terms for the offices of Commissioner, Secretary, Treasurer, and Cheer Commissioner will be 2 years. Elections for these positions will occur at the annual Tri County Year End Meeting. The elections for Commissioner and Cheer Commissioner will occur on even numbered years. Elections for Secretary and Treasurer will occur on odd numbered years.

C. The election shall be by ballot by those present and qualified to vote. A plurality vote shall be necessary to elect.

The administrative officers and their duties are as follows:

A. Commissioner: The League Commissioner shall be under the direction of the Board of Directors and answerable only to them. This person's main functions shall be to investigate and carry out disciplinary actions as outlined below:
a. Direct meetings and otherwise carry out duties of President or President Elect if both are absent. b. Perform other related duties as assigned, oversee coaches, and direct their complaints to the Board.
28 Section 7, Item 7C.
5 c. Schedule coaches’ clinics and set-up the League game schedule. d. Shall receive, investigate, and report any rule violations to the Board. e. The Commissioner Elect must sever all ties with t h e i r originating organization until their term of office has expired.
f. The Commissioner can only be recalled by a two-thirds vote of the entire Board of Directors. g. No prior coaching experience is needed.
h. They will be the arbiter in inter-team and League disputes, such as recruiting. They will hear all the game protests. If, after appropriate investigation, the Commissioner determines that a rule violation may have been committed which involves serious age and weight infractions, or other matters that concern the safety and well-being of the program and or the players, the Commissioner has the authority to order the immediate, temporary suspension of the team until the Board of Directors makes a final judgment after hearing the facts. In all cases, the decision of the Commissioner shall be made within a reasonable period after investigation.
i. The Commissioner will, at some time during the season, make and conduct the weigh-in of each League team. Their presence will be unannounced. They will balance the scales and conduct the weigh-in themselves. They will also be Tri-County's official weigh master at all playoff games or shall be designated official weigh masters. If at carnival a weigh in master is not available, both tri county reps must sign off on official weigh in.
j. The Commissioner will receive an expense account. The League will pay the amount approved by the Board of Directors each year. They will be reimbursed for League business and will be paid quarterly or yearly at the Commissioner's option. This expense account will be paid for each team and assessed prior to the start of each season. The assessment will be due and payable when insurance fees are due.

B. President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the League. a. They shall preside at all meetings and shall be Chairman of the Board of Directors. b. They shall issue the call for regular monthly and special board meetings. c. They shall appoint the standing administrative and activities committees in accordance with League standard organization plan and shall see that these committees’ function and shall cooperate with the committee chairman toward that end.
d. They shall call for regular committee reports.
e. They shall see that regular elections are held in accordance with the League constitution.
f. The President shall be an ex-officio member of all committees. g. If for any reason the President is unable to perform their duties, the President-Elect shall occupy their position and perform their duties, having the same authority as the President. h. If for any reason the Office of the President shall become vacant, the President-Elect shall succeed in the Office for the remainder of the unexpired term. i. Direct all regularly scheduled meetings
29 Section 7, Item 7C.
6 C. President-Elect:
a. To prepare to take over the Presidency.

D . The Secretary:
a. Shall report to the League Commissioner the name of League Officers. b. Shall keep the general league records, including minutes of t h e league board meetings, committee appointments, officers list, and list of members showing their classification, address, and telephone numbers.
c. Shall take minutes of all League meetings and send copies to all board members on the League mailing list.
d. They will also send information regarding upcoming League meetings. e. W i l l secure all paperwork, distribute and generally be responsible for submitting all items of importance pertaining to the league.

E. The Treasurer:
a. Shall receive all monies for the league and deposit the same in a bank approved by the Board of Directors and shall pay out monies only on authority of the Board of Directors and\or Commissioner. All checks and vouchers must be signed by the board approved designated parties.
b. Prepare and submit monthly and yearly financial reports to the Board of Directors. c. Shall receive, disperse, and keep records on all League monies, at the direction of the Board. d. They shall also be responsible for issuing and receiving all League forms (player contracts, team roster, player addition slips, etc.)
e. They shall also receive and submit said completed forms to appropriate body on date designated by the President or Commissioner.

F. Compensation - Any member of any organization belonging to the Tri-County Youth Football League will not be compensated, and participation is strictly on a voluntary basis. The only exception to this rule is the compensation given to the Commissioner $2000 and Secretary $1000, Treasurer $500, and Cheer Commissioner $500.

The duties of the Board of Directors shall be as follows:

A. The Board of Directors shall constitute the Executive Board of the League and shall be responsible for the execution, through its officers, of the authorized policies of the League. a. All new business of the League shall be considered and shaped by the Board of Directors.

B. The Board of Directors shall authorize all expenditures and shall not create any indebtedness beyond the income of the League nor disburse funds non-essential to the objectives of the League.

C. A majority vote of the Board of Directors shall govern. The Board of Directors shall have power to overrule or nullify the action of any officer of the League. Any conflict which may arise will be voted upon by the Executive Board minus conflicting teams.

D. Each Director shall report either verbally or in writing each month to the League President. 30 Section 7, Item 7C.
7 E. All problems pertaining to either administrative or activity matters shall be referred to the Board of a. Directors for
resolution.

F. All board members are required to have a pending and/or completed background check on or before the beginning of conditioning week.

Meetings:

A. All regular meetings are mandatory and there will be no excused absences. The first missed meeting in the calendar year is a $50 fine, the second miss is a $75 fine and third miss is a $100 fine.

B. Meetings will be monthly and normally take place the 2nd Tuesday of every month.

C. An attendance of 51% of the Directors shall be necessary for a quorum at any meeting of this League.

ARTICLE VII - PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICES
A. In the absence of rules in this constitution or in the By-Laws of this League, the proceedings of the League Board of Directors shall be conducted in accordance with Roberts Rules of Order.

ARTICLE VIII - AMENDMENTS
A. This Constitution may be amended at any regular League meeting which has a quorum by a two-thirds vote of the Board members present, provided the Board has previously considered the merits of the amendment.

B. No amendment shall be put to vote unless notified at least two (2) weeks before the meeting at which the amendment is to be voted upon. Said notice to state the proposed amendment.

BY LAWS

1. This League at no time shall endorse or recommend any candidate for political office, nor shall politics or political candidates be discussed at the meetings.
a. No religious discussions shall be tolerated at meetings. b. No smoking or alcoholic beverages will be allowed at meetings.

2. No officer or member of this League shall use it to further any personal, political, or other aspirations, or take part in any movement that does not support the real purpose and objectives of the League.

3. No funds shall be solicited from members of the League during the meetings by any individuals who are not members of the League. Any suggestions or propositions made at any meeting of the League calling for the expenditure of money for other than the regular obligations shall be referred to the Board of Directors.
31 Section 7, Item 7C.
8 4. Tri-Co accepts the Heads-up Football Program.

5. Every adult participant or team organization who feels they have been treated unfairly by the Commissioner's decision may appeal to the Board of Directors.

6. Any organization that has an outstanding fine not paid by the (45) forty-five days after the fine was levied, will have that said fine doubled.

7. All new organizations joining the Tri-County League must ensure their present colors do not conflict with any of the existing organizations in the league.

DEFINITION OF SEASON

The season is identified as the time period from the day of the first scheduled conditioning practice through the All Star game. (typically end of July thru end of November – all other times is considered as off season)

I. PRACTICE RULES

1. 7v7 and lineman competitions are allowed from Jan to July. No more than 6 hours of practice per week. Organizations must compete in one tournament during the month they are practicing and must provide proof to the Commissioner.

2. Spring practices – during the month of May, organizations are allowed to have up to 5 practices, no more than 2 hours in length, for off season spring practices. No helmets or shoulder pads allowed. Organizations must advise the Commissioner of the dates these practices are scheduled to occur.

3. Conditioning: A week’s conditioning (10 hours) period must be conducted prior to any contact. a. No conditioning period shall start prior to the date established by the Executive Board. b. No player shall be allowed to participate in the conditioning period until a completed player's contract and physical is obtained by the head coach.

4. Contact: No contact will be allowed prior to the date established by the Executive Board. a. In no event will full dress uniform be allowed on the practice field prior to the "start of contact" date established by the Executive Board.
b. Helmets may be issued, BUT NO PADS.

Maximum Hours of Practice per week before carnival.

5. Hours: No team may schedule more than 10 hours per week of pre-season practice; a week being 7 consecutive calendar days.
a. Not more than 2-1/2 hours of practice may be scheduled on any one day. b. Break time is not counted against the 10 hours per week or 2-1/2 hours per day of allowed 32 Section 7, Item 7C.
9 practice time.

Maximum Hours of Practice per week after carnival.

6. Practice Times after Carnival will be six (6) hours per week, a week being 7 consecutive calendar days.

7. Maximum session shall be 2 hours. Break time is not counted against the 6 hours per week or 2 hours per day of allowed practice time.

8. Practices times for playoffs will be 8 hours a week.

9. You may not tape or show up to other team’s practices. a. Penalty to be reviewed by board.

Safety Precautions

10. All practices must be attended by one person holding a Red Cross Multi-Media Card or its equivalent, if not by a volunteer physician.

11. Warm Weather Precautions: Teams must guard against serious heat problems, which in extreme high school and college cases have occasionally resulted in death. The training regimen of any team practice under high heat and/or humidity conditions should:
a. If the air quality states over 150 then you should not practice. b. Limit or eliminate laps entirely. Do not assign laps for disciplinary reasons. c. Schedule practices for early evenings after the sun is low in the sky. d. Give your players all the water they want to drink when they want to drink it. i. Do not substitute soft drinks or sugar-laden beverages in place of water. e. Each coach should keep an eye on all players and his fellow coaches for the slightest sign of heat exhaustion.
f. Within each 2 hours of practice there should be a 15-minute break. i. Use this time for chalk talk or book work.

Prohibited from Practices

12. Use of full "bull ring" or any other practice where a player is subjected to a hit from a direction he cannot see. A half ring or other practice may be used where the player has at least peripheral vision and can safely anticipate.

13. Any sled or dummy that employs a spring-loaded or other mechanical principle that "shoots" out part of the apparatus to stimulate the movement or impact of an imagined opponent. Age-appropriate sleds are allowed.

Controlled Inter-Squad Scrimmage:

14. After the first week of practice in pads (contact) is completed, teams are permitted to engage in joint practice sessions with other teams in what are called controlled inter-squad scrimmages that count as 33 Section 7, Item 7C.
10 hours of practice.
a. In a controlled inter-squad scrimmage, there is prior agreement between coaching staff that:

Coaches will be permitted on the field.
b. Long time outs are taken between plays so that coaching staff can instruct and critique their players.
c. Coaching staff may inform each other of the plays they are going to run so one team can concentrate on its offensive sets while the other improves its defense and vice versa. d. There are no officials present.
e. Game score is not kept, in fact, scoring is not the primary goal. f. No official time is kept.
g. Each team is allowed controlled inter-squad scrimmages, including a carnival.

Definition of Practice Session:

15. To prevent bending of the rules and as a protection of children, practices are defined as a gathering of players, without minimum number, requiring the presence of at least one coach, where one or more of the following activities take place:
a. Chalk talk or skill session.
b. Viewing of fundamentals film.
c. Group conditioning.
d. Individual skill session (QB, receiving, blocking, tackling, kicking etc.). e. Group skill sessions (offense, defense, special teams). f. Dummies and other inanimate contact.
g. Play run through without pads (shorts and T-shirts). h. Run through plays without pads.
i. Intra-squad scrimmage with full pads and equipment.

II. CARNIVAL

1. There will be four Carnival sites.

2. Each team is required to have a typed-out Carnival Roster in game day numerical order. $25 fine per division if not done correctly.

3. Mighty Might’s must participate at Carnivals.

Carnival Sites:
2024: Firebaugh, Ranchos, Kingsburg, Mendota
2025: Fowler, Kerman, Tranquility, Chowchilla
2026: Coalinga, Dos Palos, Washington, Los Banos
2027: Hanford, Avenal, County Line, Visalia
34 Section 7, Item 7C.
11 III. GAMES

1. Quarter times
a. Pee Wee, and Junior all quarters will be 8 minutes in length. b. Senior games all quarters will be 10 minutes in length. c. Mighty Might Games: all quarters will be 10 minutes in length with a running clock.
d. A maximum of 2 minutes between quarters
e. And 10 minutes between halves will be strictly enforced.

2. Time-outs
a. A team shall be permitted no more than 3 time-outs per half.

3. Substitutions
a. The free substitution rule is always in effect.

4. Weigh-in
a. All weigh-ins will be conducted one hour before game time.

Failure to comply could disqualify a player from the game. The opposing coach would have to agree to allow player to play after visually seeing or weighing in the player before the start of the game.
b. No coaches can compromise on an overweight player.
c. No sweating down to make weight is allowed.
d. No player may wear less than a shirt and gym shorts for any Weigh In.

Additionally, a player will have no more than 2 attempts to Weigh In.

5. Game ball
a. Balls must be designated as size appropriate for oldest documented age of Division. i.e., MM 8, PW 10, JR 12, SR 14.
b. The ball must be of good grade leather or rubber.

6. Officials
a. All League games will be officiated by C.I.F. officials. b. The home team will be responsible for payment of game officials. c. Officials are to be paid no later than half the time of the last game of the day.
d. The Commissioner of officiating C.I.F. officials shall be provided a copy of Tri-County Youth Football League Rules.

7. Facilities
a. All teams are to notify the League Secretary of the game facilities which will be used by the visiting team.
35 Section 7, Item 7C.
12 b. Notification shall be made the same time the official team roster is sent to the Secretary. c. Include the following information with a yes or no: Dressing facilities (furnished by the home team)

8. Ticket Prices
a. A standard league price of $5 for adults, $2 for high school students, senior citizens (65) and military, with an option to charge less than $1 for all ages younger. b. All ticket prices must be posted at entry.
c. Same day re-entry is mandatory at every site. Organizations must have some type of re-entry procedure.

Ex hand stamp
c. Playoff gate fees will be the same.
d. All passes issued for the season will remain in effect. e. No organization may charge for parking at any game.

9. Background Check:
a. No person shall step on the field during game day without a background check. Any person who is found to be coaching at a practice or game without clearing their background check or USA football certification will be subject to a fine and/or suspension.

10. Announcers
a. Announcers should be instructed to play the Star-Spangled Banner or say the Pledge of Allegiance prior to the start of the game. One of the above-mentioned will suffice, however, both are permitted. b. Announcers should have a Rule Book available.
c. Announcers always should maintain crowd control.
d. An announcer should not verbally favor one team over another.

11. Medical
a. The home team must be responsible for medical personnel at each scheduled game. b. At least one coach from each team must have at least a minimum of a valid CPR/First Aid certificate. This certification must be on file with TCYFL. This coach will be identified with a different TCYFL coach’s badge. c. Having an ambulance available is also encouraged.
d. The designated home game medical staff must meet with opposing coaches and the referees. prior to the start of each game. The home team is responsible for notifying the visiting team, at weigh ins, of who the medical coach is. This will be verified on the team roster with signatures. e. The home team is responsible for notifying the league game official of who the medical coach is prior to the beginning of each game. This coach is to remain on the field during the entirety of the game. f. Organizations can provide another medical personnel or entity, in addition to the designated medical coach, but still need to advise league game official prior to each game. g. There will be a $500 fine if any of the above rules are violated, to be paid by the next game.

12. Injuries
a. Any injuries to a player requiring medical doctor attention must have a medical release from a medical doctor to resume practice or play.
b. If the official or medical personnel has concerns of a concussion, they are not eligible to return to the game.
c. Return to play: any injuries to a player requiring medical doctor attention must have a medical release 36 Section 7, Item 7C.
13 from a medical doctor to resume practice or play.
d. Any player diagnosed as receiving a concussion during a practice session or game, must pass the entire 5-day return to play concussion protocol plan prior to be allowed to participate in any contact drill or game. The Commissioner must be notified once the player has cleared the concussion protocol. The Return to Play protocol can be found at the end of these By-Laws. i. Document attached at end of By-Laws.

1. All parents are to receive a copy of the policy at the beginning of the season.

13. Allowed on field:
a. The only people allowed on the field and bench area in addition to referees are the following:
i. Players on each team
ii. Only seven (7) coaches are allowed on the field during games. iii. Game physician and ambulance crew.
b. Sideline marker crew no more than 4 (18 years or older recommended). c. Anyone allowed on the field and/or School Grounds is prohibited from smoking, using drugs, alcohol, and profanity.
d. Coaches must wear TCYFL badges in a visible manner while on the field. Fines of $25 will be issued if the rule is violated. All fines need to be paid in paid in full before that coach is allowed to coach again. e. Any organization’s board members are allowed on the field but must be OUTSIDE the 25-yard line and are designated only as observers of the game.

14. Scoring values
a. To remain consistent with Tri-County suggestions, the following scoring values will be in effect:
i. Touchdown - 6 points
ii. Junior/Senior Point after TD - run or pass, 1 point; kick, 2 points.
iii. Pee Wee Point after TD- pass or Kick 2 points: Run 1 point.
iv. Safety - 2 points
v. Field goal - 3 points
b. Forfeit (offended team wins by) - 1 to 0 score.
c. Tie breaker, CIF Central Section Rule shall be used. d. If the score at the conclusion of regulation play is tied, there will be a timeout. i. The captains of the two squads will meet at midfield, with the officials, for a flip of the coin.
ii. The winner of the toss will have the option to defend a goal or to determine possession. The ball
will start on the 25-yard line or at a yard line agreed upon by officials and both head coaches.

The team that outscores the other in the “overtime” session will be the winner, following the rules of football.
iii. If a second overtime period is needed, a 2-point conversion MUST be attempted by the team scoring a touchdown.
e. Byes – all byes are considered a win. No points are given for playoff seeding. 37 Section 7, Item 7C.
14 15. Game times
a. No game will begin later than 8:30 p.m. and all games shall be terminated or completed by 10:30 p.m. All fields shall be equipped and marked in accordance with high school standards.

16. Fans
a. Each team is responsible for having their fans, especially the young fans, remain on their side of the field during the game.
b. Adult patrolman is suggested.
c. If problems arise, the game announcer will ask the fans to return to their side of the field. d. Tri-Co has accepted the Adult Code of Conduct document to be implemented by all local Tri-Co Youth Football Boards.
i. Document attached at end of By-Laws.

17. Chain Gang
a. It is recommended c hain gang and any other volunteers used are 18 years or older. b. Chain gangs are to be advised not to talk excessively with the players, coaches, officials, etc. No cell phones are allowed while performing as chain gang.
c. Also, they are to be told that they are not "sideline officials" and must act accordingly. d. The Chain gang should not use a cellular phone during the game. No more than 4 people at chain gang. e. If a Head Coach has any difficulty with a chain gang member, they should immediately notify the lead official of the game and their respective TCYFL representation.

18. Game Scores
a. Home teams are responsible for informing Tri County Officials game scores by 6:00 p.m. on Sunday to the Secretary.
i. Email: [email protected]
ii. Phone or Text: 408-499-8170 If this is not done, there will be a $25.00 fine.

19. I.D. Cards
a. Identification cards will be issued by Tri-County League (28 per organization). b. For use by coaches and all team officials.
c. All Tri County Executive Board members will receive season passes unless the Board member is an active coach.
d. All coaches participating in the game MUST WEAR their Tri-County League badge in a visual way. Any coach found not wearing their badge will be subject to a $25 fine.

20. Ice Chests
a. No ice chests, outside food, similar picnic baskets or alcoholic beverage items can be brought into games, carnivals, or scrimmages by non-coaches.
b. Coaches can bring Water Coolers and a coach’s ice chest for players and coaches only. Water or Gatorade drinks only in ice chest.
38 Section 7, Item 7C.
15 21. Rest Room Facilities
a. All organizations shall have restrooms or portable toilets available.

22. Changes to Game Schedule
a. Game Schedule Changes must be made in writing to the Commissioner at least one week prior to the game.
b. It is the responsibility of the team making the change to notify the other team. c. The Commissioner will notify the Youth CIF Officials Representative. d. If a home team has a conflict hosting a regular season game:
i. The first option is to move the game to an available, neutral site. ii. Second option is to move the game to the visitor’s home field.

23. Play Off Games:
a. Any organization hosting a Play-Off game has (45) forty-five days to pay Tri-County their hundred dollars per game.
b. The (45) forty-five-day deadline will begin on the last Saturday game date they are hosting. c. If the payment is not paid before the deadline is up, a $250 dollar Fine will be levied.

24. Filming:
a. Game only for scouting purposes are allowed in TriCounty. b. Other teams may not film another team’s practice.
i. Penalty to be reviewed by TCYFL board.

25. Grievance
a. If any league has a grievance, they must bring it to TCYFL board by notifying Commissioner by the following Wed after the incident by 6pm.

IV. PLAYERS
Eligibility for certification

1. In order to be certified on a team roster, a player shall qualify as an eligible candidate under these requirements: The Tri-County Youth Football League will supply a standard form for this. a. Player's contract will have for review of the opposing coaches. b. A picture in their team jersey with number

1. Teams must have an add/drop form on file if jersey changes c. Birth certificate attached.
d. A player must have parental consent. A signature on the player contract of both parents if living together (but only one, with whom the player lives, if separated, divorced, etc.), or legal guardian, giving the child his or her permission to play. e. A player must have required medical examination signed by a medical doctor. The signed medical examination is good for one year and must cover the extent of the entire season. 39 Section 7, Item 7C.
16 f. A player shall be born in the calendar year established by Tri-County and cannot be in high school.
g. A player shall weigh within the guidelines established by Tri-County. h. With parent written approval a player can move up one division if they are one year of age away.

Approval must be in the player section of the team binder. i. In respect to special needs players, the placement of the division they will be playing in will be up to the digression of the Commissioner, on a case-by-case basis. j. A player must present a birth certificate.
i. Age Documentation: to verify proof of age: Certificate of Live Birth, Baptismal certificate, Passport, or Medi-Cal Card.
k. The date of "certification" shall be established by Tri-County. l. If this is not available, the player(s) in question cannot play. m. Tri County recommends players submit most current report cards with registration, and at the middle of regular season and right before playoffs, and to be reviewed by own organization. i. Tri County recommends players must keep a 2.0 GPA to maintain eligibility. To be held up by local board discretion.
ii. All 1st year players start with a “clean slate.”

2. An acceptable behavior on and off the field.

3. A player dropped by one team at the request of the parent or dropped by the head coach because of disciplinary reasons may not be picked up by another team for one year without written approval of the parties involved. (The League Executive Board will render a decision if it is required to do so in writing.)

4. Any player on an organization’s roster cannot participate on any other tackle football team or league during the TCYFL season of play.

5. A player could be deemed ineligible by the TCYFL Board if any of the players’ certification rules are violated.

Use of an ineligible could result in a forfeit of any game that player played.

Player Conduct

6. A player, if allowed by their local Board of Directors to wear jerseys, parkas, jackets, etc., which clearly identify the player as a participant in Youth Football, will always conduct themselves as gentleman/ gentlewoman.

7. If profanity, fighting, or causing general disruption to occur, the local board shall render a decision as to the retention of their local player(s) eligibility.

8. If disruption occurs from player(s) other than a local team, the board in charge of the disruptive player(s) shall be notified, and that board shall render a decision.

9. All decisions by local boards are to be made as quickly as reasonably possible and in no event longer than one week after the alleged disruption.

10. All local board decisions on these matters shall be deemed final unless the decision is not consistent with Tri-County objectives.

11. All local board decisions shall be submitted to the Tri-County Directors for their direction. Local board decisions on these matters shall be reported at all Tri-County meetings.

12. Tri-Co has accepted the Player Code of Conduct document to be implemented by all local Tri-Co Youth Football Boards.
i. Document attached at end of By-Laws.
40 Section 7, Item 7C.
17 Transfer Policy

13. A player, who because of a change of residence moves into the boundaries of another team which is tied to their school district, may upon his request remain with his team for the remainder of the current season. The player may request to play on the established team in his new area. a. There must be room on the roster and no original player is to be cut to make room for this player.
b. Any other transfer of players across boundaries will require written approval from both parties involved.
c. Any player desiring a transfer to play out of their district must have the Tri-County Transfer Release signed by the player’s district head coach, unless they are attending the school district of the team they wish to play for.
i. This release is to be signed and completed before the player is eligible to play with the other organization and will be reviewed by the Tri-County Board. d. Tri-County all intra-district transfers must be completed by the 4th Saturday of the season. e. WAIVER: Failure to have a player waiver will result in that player being ineligible to play. f. Recruiting of any player is not permissible. Recruiting is defined as actively seeking out, finding, and obtaining a player from another organization. Any violations of the recruiting rule will be reviewed by the TCYFL board for penalty.

Female Players

14. Female players must be provided separate dressing/bathrooms and facilities and that girls’ team will be responsible for having a chaperon present during dressing, etc.

15. The girls’ team will be responsible for providing female players with any special equipment required by C.I.F. rules.

16. The coaches and the male players of Tri-County League are to show no prejudices toward female players.

Plays per Game

17. Tri-County recommends that each player plays a min of 4 plays and to be held up by the local board.

Assistant coaches should keep track of who has not played.

18. A player violating any of these said rules could be deemed ineligible after a review is conducted by the TCYFL board.

V. COACHES

1. All Tri-County coaches are to be certified by USA Football prior to being allowed on the field to coach.

With at least one coach to have a minimum of a CPR/First Aid certificate as explained in Section III Games #11.

2. All Tri-County coaches are to have a pending and/or completed background check on or before the beginning of conditioning week.

3. Any coach who receives a 'red flag' during the background check process and who is approved by their local board and by the Tri-County Commissioner, will automatically be placed on a probationary status for one year. Any incident or violation of the Tri-County By-Laws will result in severe disciplinary actions, including permanent suspension from Tri-County, as determined by the Commissioner and or the 41 Section 7, Item 7C.
18 governing board.

4. Tri County has the authority to discipline any coach, with a fine or suspension, who is practicing or coaching without a clear background check or certification.

5. The last day to add a coach to the roster is the 1st Weekend in October.

Head Coach

7. Head coach must be at least 21 years old or with Commissioner approval if not.

8. They are responsible for maintaining control of players and to see that the objectives of the TriCounty Youth Football League is carried out by his assistant coaches.

9. The head coach is to refrain from "running up (recommended as a 36- point spread)" scores on weak opponents.
a. To include no onside kicks when up by 21 points or more at any time during the 2nd half of the game. An on-side kick is defined as a purposed direct low kick to the front line of the receiving team.

10. They are to instruct their assistant coaches in this also.

11. They are responsible for reporting all injuries to their tri county team representative.

12. Head coach is responsible for keeping the roster current.

13. The official roster at carnival shall be typed in numerical order only. a. A fine of $25.00 will be levied if this is not followed.

14. Head coaches are responsible for the conduct of their assistant coaches, players, and the player’s parents.

Assistant coaches

15. Coaches who are 18 years old and older must be background checked and USA certified.

16. Under 18 must be under the supervision of a head coach and be USA certified.

17. Assistant coaches should keep track of who has not played at least four (4) plays per game.

Coaching staff

18. Will consist of 7 coaches, 1 Head Coach and 6 assistants Mandatory Meeting:

19. A coaches meeting will be mandatory for all head coaches. a. All head coaches are required to attend. This is
MANDTORY!
Dressing Room:

20. At least one coach must remain in the dressing room while there are still players present.

Coaches conduct.

21. The use of sideline headsets, walkie-talkies, telephones, or other telephone equipment and spotters (With or without runners) is strictly prohibited.

22. Always strive to make every football activity serve as a training ground for life. 42 Section 7, Item 7C.
19 VI. OFFENSES/INFRACTIONS

1. All coaches will refrain from the use of drugs, alcohol or tobacco or the use of profanity during practice or game fields. Profanity would be deemed as any derogatory comment, challenging or demeaning. a. The first offense is a $40 fine.
b. The second offense is a 1 game suspension.
c. The third offense is removal as a coach.
d. The Tri-County board also has the right to review each offense for possible further penalty.
e. All fines must be paid in full to resume coaching.

Infractions: Actions during games: Occurrences based per season.

2. If alcohol is reported on the breath of a coach or cheerleading advisor. I.e., by C.I.F. official, another coach or advisor within 24 hours of infraction could result in a suspension of up to one year from TCYFL.

3. Ejected by C.I.F. Official.
a. Whenever a coach is ejected from a game, he must leave the school grounds immediately. Penalties for Infractions:
b. All fines must be paid in full to resume coaching.

4. Any conviction of this violation, after thorough investigation by the Board of Directors, results in a. First: suspended for current game and next game. Incident will be reviewed by TCYFL board for possible further penalties and appeals.
b. Second: $50 fine Paid Prior to next game.
i. suspended current game and the next 3 games. Incident will be reviewed by TCYFL board for possible further penalties and appeals.
c. Third : $100 fine Payable by next game,
i. Third offense suspended for current game and for 1 year. Incident will be reviewed by TCYFL board for possible further penalties and appeals.

OTHER MANDATED PENALTIES
Adult Offenses

5. Endangerment of Juveniles: Any practice which places the health and safety of any juvenile in jeopardy, Any practice or behavior from a coach, which places the physical or mental health and safety of any juvenile in jeopardy is prohibited (including sweating down). The term "sweating down" a player is used in its broadest sense of inducing weight loss by an artificial means. Techniques included in this definition are use of steam rooms or cabinets, use of rubber sweat suits, use of weight reducing or appetite-killing drugs and use of diuretics (water pills).
a. MANDATED PENALTY: Suspension for up to 1 year, up to permanent suspension upon repeated offense.

6. Teaching of prohibited offensive/defensive techniques to players or encouragement to hurt opponents physically.
a. MANDATED PENALTY: Suspension for up to 1 year, up to permanent suspension upon repeated offense.
43 Section 7, Item 7C.
20 7. Fighting against the same team or opponent team, adults or fans. a. MANDATED PENALTY: Suspension for up to 1 year, up to permanent suspension upon repeated offense.

8. Cheating of any type...forged birth certificates, filing false roster data, etc. a. MANDATED PENALTY: Suspension for up to 1 year, up to permanent suspension upon second offense.

9. Threats, physical or otherwise, against team or authority. a. MANDATED PENALTY: Suspension for 1 year upon first offense, permanent thereafter.

10. Gambling on game outcome.
a. MANDATED PENALTY: Suspension for up to 1 year up to permanent suspension upon second offense.

11. Lack of cooperation with team or authority and/or obstruction of official team or Board investigation into hearing cases of disciplinary or dispute/conflict nature. a. MANDATED PENALTY: Suspension for 1 year upon first offense, permanent thereafter if no compliance.

Juvenile Offenses

12. Any ejection for Fighting, hitting, kicking, striking, or otherwise abusing opponents during course of or after play.
a. MANDATED PENALTY:
1st offense then suspended for current game and next game, 2nd offense suspended that game and the next 3 games,
3rd offense then suspended for that game and for 1 year.

Each incident will be reviewed by TCYFL board for possible further penalties and appeals.

13. Any ejection for verbal or physical intimidation of opponents outside normal talk across the line (especially of a profane nature).
a. MANDATED PENALTY: 1st offense then suspended for current game and next game, 2nd offense suspended that game and the next 3 games, and 3rd offense then suspended for that game and for 1 year. Incident will be reviewed by TCYFL board for possible further penalties and appeals.

14. Any act of disrespect for team, Board authority, or game officials. a. MANDATED PENALTY: 1st offense then suspended for current game and next game, 2nd offense suspended that game and the next 3 games, and 3rd offense then suspended for that game and for 1 year. Incident will be reviewed by TCYFL board for possible further penalties and appeals.

Team/Organization Offenses

15. Lack of Keeping Faith with Juveniles/Parents: This charge is designed to cover any deliberate practice of a team or its sponsor-organization which is of a nature that places the health and safety of juveniles in jeopardy or is exploitative of juveniles and/or their parents or treats either the juvenile and/or his parents in such a manner that juvenile and/or parent becomes a tool of the team, rather than the juvenile being the purpose for which the team is organized.
a. It is important in filing this charge that the violation is the result of a team or organization policy, not the deviation of one individual. "Policy" implies the practice is carried on by order of or with 44 Section 7, Item 7C.
21 the knowledge of the officer ship, and no steps are taken to end the practices(s). b. MANDATED PENALTY: Probation for organization coupled with permanent suspension of president of organization, plus all other individual adults who participated in the practice. Upon second offense, suspensions of organization until all officers are changed.

16. Fighting/Riot/Incitement of Riot
a. At games or scrimmages between different teams, any fight or riot between team members (as opposed to one-on-one altercation) shall be judged a team offense rather than an individual offense. i. An incitement to riot is defined as any team heckling or egging on the opponent in a manner that may result in a fight or riot. b. MANDATED PENALTY: Forfeit of game upon first offense. Forfeit of season upon second offense in the same season.

17. Use of ineligible players.
a. An ineligible player is defined as any player who has not been properly cleared to participate in a game for failure to comply with required paperwork, inappropriate, or failed to be cleared by opposing coach at or after weigh-ins.
b. MANDATED PENALTY: Any game in which an ineligible player goes through the weigh-in process shall be forfeited. Registering an illegal player for the game. The team will forfeit the game.

18. Any infraction which gives a team an advantage over another. a. MANDATED PENALTY: Forfeiture of the game for which the infraction occurred.

19. NOTE: Any other infraction of Tri-County Youth Football Rules may result in suspension, fine, expulsion or forfeiture of game as determined by the Board of Directors.

20. Tri-County Board has the right to administer penalties for the inappropriate actions of a coach, player, or family member that is not identified in the current bylaws.

VII. EQUIPMENT
Required equipment.

1. Helmet (Every helmet and face mask must be National Operating Committee on Standards of Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) approved at the time of manufacture. a. Do not alter or modify.
b. Recommend certification every two years, per the C.I.F. rule book.,

2. Shoulder pads, pants, hip and kidney pads, thigh guards, knee pads, jersey, teeth protector, athletic supporter (male players only), and football shoes.

3. Football shoes in this League are encouraged to be molded sole (soccer style).

4. Eyeglasses, when worn, shall be of athletically approved construction, with non-shattering glass (safety glass) or contact lenses.

Optional Equipment

5. Soccer-type shoes with longer cleats (mud cleats) may be used. a. However, ankle taping is suggested if this longer cleat is used. 45 Section 7, Item 7C.
22 b. There must be no exposed metal.
c. Cleats per CIF rules.

6. Age/Weight appropriate equipment, as stated by manufacturer, can be used at practice by Tri-Co. teams.

VII. ROSTER

1. No team can exceed 35 players on a roster at carnival the number of players allowed to practice/play per team will be 35, a total of 35 players will be identified at Carnival, with no exceptions allowing the carrying additional players for practice, games, or red-shirting purposes.

2. All team Rosters and Team Binders will be reviewed at Carnival and at the first Tri-County Meeting following the Carnival. This meeting is typically held on the first Tuesday immediately following the Carnival. Binders will be reviewed with a check off form and must have the organization rep, binder reviewer and executive board member to sign off on.

3. All teams are required to have their Team Binders at Tri-County functions. This includes practice and games. If a Team Binder is not present at a game, all players are ineligible to play, and the game is forfeited.

Roster Additions

4. Coaches are to take their Add-on list and give a copy to the opposing coach at the time of weigh-ins. a. Every player being added onto a team MUST complete 10 hours of condition before being allowed to participate.
b. All opposing coaches MUST review the registration paperwork for each player being added to a roster to ensure player is in compliance.

5. The opposing coach will sign both copies as certification and both coaches will keep a copy in their respective binders for possible future reference.
i. Document attached at end of By-Laws.

6. All add/delete sheets need to be forwarded to the Tri-County Secretary each week.

Email: [email protected]

7. All Add/Deletes for the regular season must be completed no later than the 4th Saturday of the Season.

VIII. Playoffs
Seeding Meeting and seeding procedures:

1. The playoff seeding meeting will be relegated to the Tri-Co Board member and one other person to be selected by the local board of the organization only.

2. The total number of participants is not to exceed 2 per organization.

3. Playoffs will consist of 2 separate divisions for all 3 levels of play. Division 1 and Division 2. Division 1 will consist of the top 8 teams of the entire league. Each team will be ranked by their results of their season standings. Playoff schedule will be 1 v 8, 4 v 5, 2 v 7, 3 v 6.

4. Division 2 will consist of the remaining teams within the league. Each team will be ranked based on the results of their season standings. Playoff schedule will be 1 v 8, 4 v 5, 2 v 7, 3 v 6. 46 Section 7, Item 7C.
23 5. The Senior seeds 1 and 2 for each division are to host the playoff games. In the event of the 1 or 2 seed not able to host the game, the next highest Senior seed is offered to host the game.

6. Seeds 1 and 2 from each division are designated as the home teams. In the event of the hosting team losing the game, the host site is moved to the next highest seed. Higher seeding teams in the playoffs will have the right to choose any of that week’s host sites to play their playoff game.

7. The higher seeded team (1 being the highest seed) is always the Home Team during the Playoffs.

8. Players from a lower division in the same organization may ‘move up’ a division during playoffs with the following conditions:
a. There is room for the player on the roster\team the child is moving up to. i. Roster maximum is still 35 players.
b. No players can be dropped to make room for the players to move up. c. No player can move up if their current team is/were in the playoffs. d. Add\Drop forms are to be presented to the coaches during weigh-ins before the playoff game. i. Each coach must sign the form and have a copy.
e. The team book must have the player’s documentation in the book and present it to the opposing coach at the pre-game weigh-ins.
f. A Tri-County release form, signed by the parent(s)\guardian(s), must be in the team book with the player’s information.

9. Players for a higher division may not “move down” to another division during playoffs.

Seeding Meeting:

Note: If there is an odd number of organizations in TCYFL, the following rules on point 1 will be used for seeding. If there is an even number of teams, go to point 2.

1. Byes will not count as wins. Week 1 game results will not count for the 6 teams playing a 9-game schedule. Those games will be removed at the end of the 2023 season, prior to the determination of the playoff seeding. This will give all 15 organizations a countable 8 game schedule for the playoff seeding.

However, week 1 game results will count in case of a head-to-head tiebreaker scenario.

2. Overall record – If tied, proceed to #3

3. Head-to-head – If tied, proceed to #4 (if 3 or more teams are involved in playoffs seeding tie breaker, TCYFL will follow the playoff procedures. If during this process results, at any time, going back to two teams still being tied, TCYFL will revert to the head-to-head tie breaker rule (Rule 3), to break the tie.)

4. Point system is used to determine the better team based on the division strength of schedule. The point values listed below are used to calculate the winner.
a. A victory of a team with 1 loss record scores 4 points b. A victory of a team with a 2 loss record scores 3 points c. A victory if a team with 3 losses record scores 2 point d. A victory of a team with a sub .500 record scores 1 point e. A loss to a team with 0 losses record scores 0 points f. A loss to a team with a 1 loss scores -1 point
g. A loss to a team with 2 losses scores -2 points
h. A loss to a team with 3 losses scores -3 points
i. A loss to a team with a sub .500 record scores -4 points 47 Section 7, Item 7C.
24 5. If you have made it this far, coin flip.

Super Saturday:

7. Tri-County Bowl of Champions. Championship sites will be determined by an alphabetical draw, for each year.
a. The home team will be determined first by which organization is hosting Super Saturday. If a South organization is hosting championships and if there is a South team in the championship games, they will be the home team. If a North team is hosting champions and if there is a North team in the championship games, they will be the home team. If both teams are from the same division, then the better record will be the home team.
b. New, incoming teams and the previous year’s host team are not eligible to host for one year.

8. Championship Weekend: Tri-County League Championships will have all 3 divisions playing that day.

9. If a home team has a conflict hosting a playoff game, the next higher seed would host the game.

10. The host sites will pay $100 dollars per game, per site to TCYFL

11. Post season: non-participating playoff teams may host bowl games two weeks after end of regular season.

All-Stars:

1. A Pee Wee, Junior and Senior Division All-Star team is to be nominated by each team’s head coach. a. Initially no more than 5 players are to be nominated per team-division with at least 2 players being lineman. Any additional player being added MUST be approved by the Commissioner. b. The All-Star North vs. South All Star game is to be held the Saturday immediately after the Super Bowl.
c. Home team is the organization hosting the All-Star game d. Only outgoing aged players, from each level, may be chosen to participate in the All-Star Game e. Each team is only allowed 5 participants before the All-Star game IX. DIVISION OF PLAY

1. All teams’ division of play shall be reviewed every three years.

2. The high school district that each organization resides in will determine an organization’s boundary lines.

3. The school that the player attends will also determine as to what organization they may join.

2. Boundary Definition are as follows:
a. School district(S) within the area of the organization b Attending a school within the school district
c the organizations city limits
48 Section 7, Item 7C.
25 TRI-COUNTY DIVISIONS

A L I G N M E N T
I North II South
Chowchilla Avenal
Dos Palos Coalinga
Firebaugh County Line
Kerman Fowler
Los Banos Hanford
Mendota Kingsburg
Ranchos Visalia
Tranquility Washington

MIGHTY MITE RULES

1. The Mighty Might Division is adopted into Tri-County Youth Football League.

2. Ages: 6 – 8 years of age.

3. A maximum of 35 players per team roster.

4. Weigh-ins: Weigh-ins are mandatory

5. Games:
a. MANDATORY COACHES MEETING ON FIELD PRIOR TO GAME.
b. Games will be held prior to the Pee Wee games.
c. The game clock of the Mighty Mights to a 10-minute running clock; stopping for timeouts and injuries games not to exceed 1 ½ hours max.
d. TWO (2) TIME OUTS PER HALF.
e. Play will begin at the 50-yard line.
f. If 1st downs are not made, the ball returns to the 50 yd. line. g. Each team will be allowed two quarters on offense and two on defense. h. Each team will be allowed to have two coaches on the playing field during the games. i. Mighty Might coaches must be outside 10 yards from ball j. No blitzing
k. Each team provides an officiant (this does not count in the 2 coaches on the field) and the home team provides a spotter. Coaches that are officiating will be on the opposing team side. All officials assist with spotting the ball and do their best attempt to call infractions that seriously affect the play. i. Only USA certificated coaches who belong to a tri-County League may be referees. l. There will be a 10-minute intermission at halftime.
49 Section 7, Item 7C.
26 m. On defense – no more than 5 down linemen at the line of scrimmage. No more than 3 stripers on the line at one time.

6. Maximum Practice Hours: No more than 7.5 hours of Pre-Season practice per week. a. After Carnival- Maximum practice hours: 4.5 hours per week.

7. This division of play is to be used for teaching the fundamentals of playing football. a. Remember Tri-Co. By-Laws and Rules are referred to when one has any doubts.

8. Roster and team binders will be verified at the first meeting following carnival.

AGE ELIGIBILITY
Mighty Mights: 6-8-year-old
Pee Wees: 9-10 years old
Juniors: 11-12 years old
Seniors: 13-14 years old

1. Players in Senior division cannot be enrolled in High School in the fall.

2. Player age eligibility is based on what the players age will be on November 30th of that year.

WEIGHT REQUIREMENTS

1. All Divisions shall be striped weight.

2. Weight limits for all divisions will be unlimited.

3. With a stripe on the player’s helmet who is above the maximum weight with playing restrictions:
a. They will be allowed to play only as linemen with these restrictions:
i. Offense, stripers can play center or either of the two positions left or right of the center. Offensive stripers can play in a 2-, 3- or 4-point stance. Defense stripers may play anywhere on the line of scrimmage, no further outside than head up with the offensive positions to two places left or right of the center. Defensive stripers must start in a 3- or 4-point stance.
ii. They will not be allowed to play on kickoff or kickoff returns. iii. They will not be allowed to carry or receive the football, except for a fumble or interception.

4. They will be required to weigh in before every game and present their striped helmet.

5. The stripe on the players helmet must be a contrasting color to the color of team helmet to be easily seen. The stripe must be 2 inches wide running down the middle of the helmet from front to back.

6. The distinguishing stripe that must be on the player’s helmet may only be removed if, at the pre-game weigh-in, they are below age class maximum weight.

Striped Weight Helmet:

A. Coaches who do not follow the Tri County rules regarding striped players will:
a. The 1st offense is a one game suspension of the Head Coach. b. On the second offense that coach or coaches will be fined $500 and suspended for a year. c. Both first and second infractions are subject to a potential game forfeiture as to be determined 50 Section 7, Item 7C.
27 by the Board of Directors.

Certification Weight Range (lbs.)
Mighty Mights 81+, above weight rules apply
Pee Wees 121+, above weight rules apply
Juniors 141+, above weight rules apply
Seniors 181+, above weight rules apply
Tri-County Youth Football

RETURN TO PLAY PROTOCOL
If a player is diagnosed with any form of concussion by a medical professional, the player is not to participate in any practices until they are medically cleared. A copy of the medical clearance is to be placed in the player’s binder page. A copy is also to be sent to the Tri-County Commissioner.

Process may only begin after athlete is symptom free and/or is medically cleared.

Only one stage per day.

Move to the next stage if athlete remains symptom free for 24 hours following trial.

Progress Return to Play Stages
Day 1. Light aerobic exercise only to increase heart rate: 5 to 10 minutes, light jog, or exercise bike.

Day 2. Continued aerobic activity: moderate jogging, brief running, and bike.

Day 3. Heavy non-contact activity: Sprints, Weights, noncontact football drills.

Day 4. The athlete returned to controlled football practice.

Day 5. Full return.

Any problem with any step above, organization must return to previous day to ensure player is safe.

Coaches and the League PSC must monitor for a return of symptoms at every stage.

If symptoms reappear, rest until they subside and return to the beginning at Level 1 of the return to play stages. 51 Section 7, Item 7C.
28 Adult Code of Conduct:

TRI-COUNTY YOUTH FOOTBALL

1. To uphold the goals of Tri-County Football and ensure that all participants have the benefit of a safe and fun learning environment, all parents, guardians, and other adults and attendees of Tri-Co Youth Football events, including but not limited to practices, competitions, and banquets, must behave accordingly in a respectful, courteous, and sportsmanlike manner always.

2. Any adult who is using alcohol, tobacco or non-prescription drugs and/or appears intoxicated at a Tri-Co Youth Football event, and/or who is flagrantly rude, attempts to intimidate, verbally abuse, heckles, taunts, ridicules, boos, throws objects and/or uses vulgarity or profane language/ gestures with an official, coach, volunteer, staff member participant or other event attendee, must receive a verbal warning and/or be asked to leave the event. The member organization may also provide a written warning to the individual regarding misbehavior. The adult’s children may also be removed from the event. Any adult who commits one of the above stated offenses a second time will be banned from all Tri-Co Youth Football events for a period of one year from the date of the second offense, and their children may also be removed from the program(s) for that time period.

3. Any adult who physically assaults an official, coach volunteer, staff member or participant or threatens grave bodily harm may be banned from all Tri-Co events for one year from the date of the offense, and their children may also be removed from all Tri-Co programs for that same period. After the ban has expired, if the individual commits another offense of the adult code of conduct, the individual will be permanently banned from all Tri-Co events and the individual’s children may also be permanently removed from all Tri-Co programs.

By my signature below, I hereby stipulate that I have read, fully understand, and voluntarily agree to all the above.

Family Representative: Parent/Guardian Signature
Print Full Legal Name
Participant Signature
Print Full Legal Name
Date:
52 Section 7, Item 7C.
29 Player Code of Conduct:

TRI-COUNTY YOUTH FOOTBALL

1. To uphold the goals of Tri-County Football and ensure that all participants have the benefit of a safe and fun learning environment, all players of Tri-Co Youth Football events, including but not limited to practices, competitions, and banquets, must behave accordingly in a respectful, courteous, and sportsmanlike manner always.

2. Any player ejected from the game for fighting, hitting, kicking, striking, or otherwise abusing opponents while down during course of or after play, will be removed from game on the first offense. For the second offense, and the player will be suspended from their team for the next game. The second offense player will be removed from that game and the next three games.

The third offense shall be suspension for balance of season.

3. Any player ejected for verbally or physically intimidation of opponents outside normal talk across the line (especially of a profane nature, will be removed from game on the first offense.

For the second offense, and the player will be suspended from their team’s next game. The second offense player will be removed from that game and the next three games. The third offense shall be suspension for balance of season.

4. Any player who is caught in any act of disrespect for team, Board authority, or game officials, will be removed from game on the first offense. For the second offense, the player will be suspended from their team for one week and on the third offense shall be suspension for balance of season.

By my signature below, I hereby stipulate that I have read, fully understand, and voluntarily agree to all the above.

Player Signature
Print Full Legal Name
Family Representative Signature
Print Full Legal Name
Date:
53 Section 7, Item 7C.
30 END OF BYLAWS
54 Section 7, Item 7C.
05/15/2024
ESP Insurance Brokerage, LLC
306 Main Street
Worcester MA 01608
Joseph Micciche
(877) 670-2377
[email protected]

TRI COUNTY YOUTH FOOTBALL LEAGUE
PO BOX 708
BIOLA CA 93606
Houston Casualty Company 42374
Nat'l Union Fire Ins Co of Pittsburgh, PA 19445
CL2451534496
A Y H24AS00007 07/01/2024 07/01/2025
1,000,000
300,000
5,000
1,000,000
5,000,000
5,000,000
Sexual/Phys. Abuse or
Molest.
1,000,000
A H24AS00007 07/01/2024 07/01/2025
1,000,000
B

PARTICIPANTS MEDICAL
SRG0009158709 07/01/2024 07/01/2025

SEE REMARKS
THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER is added as an additional insured with respects to general liability coverage but only with respect to liability arising out of the operations of the named insureds league.

Sexual Abuse / Molestation limits are as follows: $1,000,000 EACH OCCURRENCE / $2,000,000 AGGREGATE

THIS POLICY DOES NOT EXCLUDE CONCUSSIONS

FOWLER HIGH SCHOOL
701 E MAIN ST
FOWLER CA 93625

SHOULD ANY OF THE ABOVE DESCRIBED POLICIES BE CANCELLED BEFORE

THE EXPIRATION DATE THEREOF, NOTICE WILL BE DELIVERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE POLICY PROVISIONS.

INSURER(S) AFFORDING COVERAGE
INSURER F :

INSURER E :

INSURER D :

INSURER C :

INSURER B :

INSURER A :

NAIC #
NAME:

CONTACT
(A/C, No):

FAX
E-MAIL
ADDRESS:

PRODUCER
(A/C, No, Ext):

PHONE

INSURED
COVERAGES CERTIFICATE NUMBER: REVISION NUMBER:

IMPORTANT: If the certificate holder is an ADDITIONAL INSURED, the policy(ies) must have ADDITIONAL INSURED provisions or be endorsed.

If SUBROGATION IS WAIVED, subject to the terms and conditions of the policy, certain policies may require an endorsement. A statement on this certificate does not confer rights to the certificate holder in lieu of such endorsement(s).

THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED AS A MATTER OF INFORMATION ONLY AND CONFERS NO RIGHTS UPON THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER. THIS

CERTIFICATE DOES NOT AFFIRMATIVELY OR NEGATIVELY AMEND, EXTEND OR ALTER THE COVERAGE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES BELOW. THIS CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A CONTRACT BETWEEN THE ISSUING INSURER(S), AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OR PRODUCER, AND THE CERTIFICATE HOLDER.

OTHER:
(Per accident)
(Ea accident)
$
$
N / A
SUBR
WVD
ADDL
INSD

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE POLICIES OF INSURANCE LISTED BELOW HAVE BEEN ISSUED TO THE INSURED NAMED ABOVE FOR THE POLICY PERIOD INDICATED. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY REQUIREMENT, TERM OR CONDITION OF ANY CONTRACT OR OTHER DOCUMENT WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THIS

CERTIFICATE MAY BE ISSUED OR MAY PERTAIN, THE INSURANCE AFFORDED BY THE POLICIES DESCRIBED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS, EXCLUSIONS AND CONDITIONS OF SUCH POLICIES. LIMITS SHOWN MAY HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY PAID CLAIMS. $
$
$
$

PROPERTY DAMAGE
BODILY INJURY (Per accident)
BODILY INJURY (Per person)

COMBINED SINGLE LIMIT

AUTOS ONLY

AUTOS ONLY AUTOS

NON-OWNED

OWNED SCHEDULED

ANY AUTO

AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY
Y / N

WORKERS COMPENSATION

AND EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY
OFFICER/MEMBER EXCLUDED?
(Mandatory in NH)
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS below
If yes, describe under

ANY PROPRIETOR/PARTNER/EXECUTIVE
$
$
$
E.L. DISEASE - POLICY LIMIT
E.L. DISEASE - EA EMPLOYEE
E.L. EACH ACCIDENT
ER
OTHSTATUTEPER
(MM/DD/YYYY) LIMITS POLICY EXP(MM/DD/YYYY)

POLICY EFF

LTR TYPE OF INSURANCE POLICY NUMBER
INSR
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS / LOCATIONS / VEHICLES (ACORD 101, Additional Remarks Schedule, may be attached if more space is required)

EXCESS LIAB
UMBRELLA LIAB EACH OCCURRENCE $
AGGREGATE $
$
OCCUR

CLAIMS-MADE
DED RETENTION $
PRODUCTS - COMP/OP AGG $
GENERAL AGGREGATE $
PERSONAL & ADV INJURY $
MED EXP (Any one person) $
EACH OCCURRENCE $

DAMAGE TO RENTED
PREMISES (Ea occurrence) $

COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY

CLAIMS-MADE OCCUR
GEN'L AGGREGATE LIMIT APPLIES PER:

POLICY PROJECT LOC

CERTIFICATE OF LIABILITY INSURANCE DATE (MM/DD/YYYY)

CANCELLATION

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
ACORD 25 (2016/03)
© 1988-2015 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

CERTIFICATE HOLDER
The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD
HIRED

AUTOS ONLY
55 Section 7, Item 7C.

TRI COUNTY YOUTH FOOTBALL LEAGUE
00004136
ESP Insurance Brokerage, LLC
25 Certificate of Liability Insurance

YOUTH PARTICIPANTS MEDICAL COVERAGE
CARRIER: AIG
POLICY NUMBER: SRG0009158709
Accidental Death, Accidental Dismemberment (AD&D) Benefit: $10,000 Maximum amount Accident Medical Expense Benefit: $250,000
Deductible: $250 per accident
Dental Maximum: $250 per tooth/per accident
Incurral Period: within 90 days of the date of the accident causing the Injury Benefit Payout Period: payable only for such charges incurred within 52 weeks after the date of the accident causing the Injury

EQUIPMENT FLOATER / INLAND MARINE
CARRIER: TOKIO MARINE / HOUSTON CASUALTY
Amount of Insurance: $25,000 Sports Equipment
Limit subject to a $25,000 limit per item. Any item of property with a value of $25,000 or more must be scheduled separately Deductible: $500
CRIME PROTECTION ( not for member orgs)
CARRIER: TOKIO MARINE / HOUSTON CASUALTY
Crime / Employee Theft Limit: $ 25,000
Deductible $500
DIRECTORS & OFFICERS ( not for member orgs)
CARRIER: GREAT AMERICAN
POLICY NUMBER: EPP2444964
Directors & Officers Limit $1,000,000
Retention $1,000
Aggregate Limit $1,000,000
Waiver of Subrogation applies to this insurance package Primary and non-contributory applies to this insurance package ACORD 101 (2008/01)
The ACORD name and logo are registered marks of ACORD
© 2008 ACORD CORPORATION. All rights reserved.

THIS ADDITIONAL REMARKS FORM IS A SCHEDULE TO ACORD FORM, FORM NUMBER: FORM TITLE:

ADDITIONAL REMARKS
ADDITIONAL REMARKS SCHEDULE Page of
AGENCY CUSTOMER ID:

LOC #:

AGENCY

CARRIER NAIC CODE

POLICY NUMBER

NAMED INSURED
EFFECTIVE DATE:
56 Section 7, Item 7C.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

FOWLER YOUTH FOOTBALL

LUPE OROZCO-PRESIDENT

MIRIAM OROZCO-VICE-PRESIDENT

MIKEY ORTIZ-SECRETARY

MARBELLA ORTIZ-TREASURER
**NO ONE ON THE BOARD IS ON A STIPEN, IT IS ALL VOLUNTARY WORK 57 Section 7, Item 7C.

CATEGORY (+) (-) FINALIZED TOTAL
PLAYER
Registration 22720

INSURANCE
Insurance 2525
league dues 500

SPORTS ATTIRE
player attire (jersey) 8520
player attire (practice gear) 3500
new helmets (20) 2600
mouth pc/wristbands 1400
helmet decals 2456
helmet certification(75 helmets) 2027
whole team shorts/shirt 4000
fundraiser/donations
fireworks 4500
shirt sales 1000
Other
firework tax to state 1800
high school scholarship 1550
IRS fees 500
office materials 2000
coach cert/all star jersey 600
GAMES
Games (4 games) 14000
food (4 games) 1800
refs (4 games) 2500
drinks (4 games) 1200
42220 39478 2742 total
58 Section 7, Item 7C.

CITY COUNCIL MEETING

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL
DATE: October 1, 2024
FROM: MICHAEL REID, Police Chief
SUBJECT: Actions pertaining to special inspections and materials testing for the David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters:
i. APPROVE a First Amendment in the amount of
$58,401.00 to the agreement with Vanir Construction
Management, Inc., for a total amount of $913,946.00
ii. APPROVE Budget Amendment Resolution No. 2744 in
the amount of $58,401.00

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Council approval of this item will allow for independent construction material testing and special inspections to be provided by Krazan & Associates, Inc. and managed by Vanir Construction Management Inc. as a part of the David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters project. Certain special inspections, beyond those typically provided by a building inspector, are required pursuant to the California Building Code.

BACKGROUND
On April 16, 2024, City Council approved a professional services agreement with Vanir Construction Management, Inc., in the amount of $855,454.00 to provide construction management and project management for the David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters.

An important aspect of construction management is ensuring that the building materials and workmanship utilized during the construction are of the highest quality. As our construction manager, Vanir Construction Management is in a unique position to independently ensure these quality standards are being met by the general contractor and subcontractors who build the David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters.

Vanir Construction Management, Inc. requested interested businesses submit proposals for construction material testing and special inspections for the David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters. Four proposals were received. Krazan & Associates, Inc. is recommended based on proposal value, professional reputation in this field, and experience in providing construction material testing and special inspections for similar projects. 59 Section 7, Item 7D.

PUBLIC NOTICE
This item does not require a public hearing and was noticed as a part of the City Council Agenda.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), an agency must complete environmental review prior to committing itself to a definite course of action in regard to a proposed project (CEQA Guidelines Section 15352). Environmental review must occur as early as feasible in the planning process to enable environmental considerations to influence project program and design, yet late enough to provide meaningful information for environmental assessment (CEQA Guidelines Section 15004(b)).

At this time, the City Council is not taking any action that would constitute approval of a Project.

The City Council retains full discretion either to approve or disapprove the project. The appropriation of funds for further study is therefore exempt from environmental review pursuant to CEQA Guidelines, Section 15262 (feasibility and planning studies for possible future actions that have not been approved, adopted, or funded), as well as the general rule that CEQA only applies to “projects” that have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment.

Where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment, the activity is not subject to CEQA (CEQA Guidelines, Section 15061(b)(3)).

GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
This action is consistent with:

Goal CDES-1
Through community design, Fowler fosters and reinforces the City’s unique sense of place.

Goal CDES-3
Downtown Fowler is preserved and enhanced as the primary cultural and civic core of the community.

Policy CDES-10
Improvements to older buildings in the downtown area and throughout the City should enhance rather than weaken the original character of such buildings.

Policy CH-2
Promote walking and bicycling and reduce vehicle miles traveled by allowing complementary land uses in close proximity to one another.

Goal OS-3
Recreational programming and facilities meet the needs of community members of all ages and abilities.

Policy OS-16
60 Section 7, Item 7D.

Ensure that community centers provide sufficient space to conduct civic meetings, recreational programs, and social activities to meet the needs of residents. The City should aim to meet the standard of one meeting room per 7,500 residents. Community centers should serve the needs of seniors; families with children; and teens. Locate a new Community Center within or adjacent to parks or downtown.

Goal PF-1
Fowler provides reliable public facilities, utilities, and community services that meet the needs of the existing community and planned growth. PP Goal PF-2 Fowler maintains and manages the orderly and efficient expansion of public facilities, utilities, and community services.

Policy PF-8
Provide City departments with adequate office and building space for employee workspace and equipment storage.

FISCAL IMPACT
The overall project is being funded through a number or revenue sources including Measure N, development impact fees, and State funding secured by Assemblymember Dr. Joaquin Arambula.

PROCUREMENT PROCESS
This action is being brought forward for Council consideration in accordance with the Purchasing Policy.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Staff is not aware of any conflicts of interest.

Attachments
- First Amendment & Exhibit A
- Resolution No. 2744 & Attachment A
61 Section 7, Item 7D.

FIRST AMENDMENT
TO THE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT DATED APRIL 16, 2024 BETWEEN THE CITY OF FOWLER AND VANIR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, INC.

A. The City of Fowler (“City”) desires modifications to the services beyond the scope of the Professional Services Agreement for construction management and project management for the David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters dated April 16, 2024 (“Agreement”).

B. The total amount to be paid by the City to Vanir Construction Management, Inc. as stated in Section 4 of the Agreement is revised from Eight Hundred Fifty-Five Thousand Five Hundred Forty-Five Dollars ($855,545.00) to Nine Hundred Thirteen Thousand Nine Hundred Forty-Six Dollars ($913,946.00).

C. This additional cost of $58,401.00 is for Material Testing & Special Inspections provided by Krazan & Associates, Inc. and managed by Vanir as more specifically described in Exhibit A which is attached hereto and shall be considered a substantive part of this Amendment.

D. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged. It is the intention of the parties that except for the changes explicitly listed above, all other terms and conditions of the Agreement and any other Exhibits, Attachments or Addenda thereto shall remain in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have entered into this First Amendment on October 1, 2024.

VANIR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, INC. CITY OF FOWLER
__________________________
Jerry Avalos Thomas W. Gaffery IV
President Interim City Manager
Date: Date:
4540 Duckhorn Drive, Suite 300 128 South 5th Street
Sacramento, CA 95834 Fowler, CA 93625
(916) 575-8888 (559) 834-3113

ATTEST APPROVED AS TO FORM
Angela Vasquez Scott G. Cross
City Clerk City Attorney
Date: Date:
62 Section 7, Item 7D.

July 1, 2024
Mr. Thomas Gaffery IV
Assistant City Manager
Community & Economic Development
City of Fowler
128 South Fifth Street
Fowler, CA 93625
RE: City of Fowler – David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters – Material Testing & Special Inspection Scope/Fee Proposal Dear Thomas,
Vanir is pleased to provide our proposal to provide Material Testing & Special Inspection services for the City of Fowler – David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters Project. Below is our proposed services and fee.

Proposed Services:

Construction Phase Services (~ 18 Months)
The project delivery method will be Design-Bid-Build.

Task #1 – Material Testing Lab: Vanir has reached out to a local material testing lab and will provide the necessary testing required per the plans and specifications. Attached to the scope and fee proposal is a delineated list of material and testing items that will be included as part of this proposal (see attachment #3, Krazan proposal dated 6/28/24).

Proposed Fee:

Lump sum on a time and material basis, not-to-exceed $58,401.00, for services including the above items. Travel and office expenses for the duration of the project (noted above) are included in proposal.

See attachments 1 – 3 for summary and breakdown of material testing lab inspections.

Telephone/virtual conferences are planned to be used to help reduce the need for travel. The start date for the above services is expected to be immediately after execution of the contract, with construction commencing late 2024 and completing in late 2025.

Should you have any questions, please contact me @ (559) 647-5708. 63 Section 7, Item 7D.

City of Fowler – Senior Center & PDHQ Project: Material Testing Scope and Fees July 1, 2024
2 Sincerely,
Vanir Construction Management, Inc.

Roy Magdaleno, CCM, Assoc. DBIA
Deputy Area Manager | Associate
Cc: Scott Murphy, Area Manager
Attachments (3)
64 Section 7, Item 7D.

City of Fowler
Senior Center and PDHQ
Phase 1
Base Proposal Optional Services
Pre-Construction Phase (3 Months) (see Attachment 2 for a detailed breakdown) Project Management $ - - $
BD Estimates (95% CD) $ - - $
Constructability Review $ - - $
Reimbursables $ - - $
Pre-Construction Subtotal - $ - $
Bid/Award Sub-Phase
Bid Solicitation/Marketing
Pre-bid Conference
Bidder Questions
Addenda Assistance
Bid Opening & Evaluation
Bid/Award Subtotal
Phase 1 - Total $ - $ -
Phase 2
Base Proposal Optional Services
Construction Phase (18 Months) (see Attachment 2 for a detailed breakdown) Construction Management - $
CM Reimbursables - $
Inspections - $
Inspection Reimbursables - $
Commissioning - $ - $
(see Attachment 3 for a detailed breakdown)
Material Testing Lab - $ 58,401.00 $ (includes 5% fee)
Construction Subtotal $ - $ 58,401.00
Closeout Phase (2 Months) (see Attachment 2 for a detailed breakdown) Construction Management - $ - $
Reimbursables - $ - $
Closeout Subtotal - $ - $
Phase 2 - Total - $ 58,401.00 $
Total Phase 1 / Phase 2 - $ 58,401.00 $
Grand Total Including Optional Services 58,401.00 $

PROPOSED FEE SUMMARY
Attachment 1
VCM Fee Proposal 7/1/2024 65
Section 7, Item 7D.

City of Fowler
Senior Center and PDHQ
Construction Phase Costs - Construction Management (~18 months) Position Rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total Total CostMATERIAL TESTING LABKrazan 1 2,625 $ 3,150$ 3,150$ 4,200$ 5,250$ 5,250$ 5,250$ 5,250$ 3,150$ 2,751$ 2,625$ 2,625 $ 2,625 $ 2,625$ 2,625$ 2,625$ 1,575$ 1,050 $ 58,401 $ $ 58,401 TOTAL $ 58,401
Total Cost $ 3,150$ 3,150$ 4,200$ 5,250$ 5,250$ 5,250$ 5,250$ 3,150$ 2,751$ 2,625$ 2,625$ 2,625$ 2,625$ 2,625$ 2,625$ 1,575$ 1,050 2,625 $ 0 $ 58,401 Attachment 2
VCM Fee Proposal 7/1/2024
66 Section 7, Item 7D.

GE O TECHNICAL ENGINEERING  ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING  CONSTRUCTION TESTING AND INSPE CTI ONS With Offices Serving the Western United States
215 W. Dakota Avenue  Clovis, CA 93611  559-348-2200  Fax 559-348-2201  www.krazan.com June 28, 2024 KA Proposal No. T24440CAF
Mr. Roy Magdaleno
VANIR
2444 Main Street, Suite 130
Fresno, California 93721
O: (559) 612-7457
Email: [email protected]
RE: SPECIAL INSPECTION & MATERIALS TESTING ESTIMATE
Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ
180 N. 3rd Street
Fowler, California
Dear Mr. Magdaleno:

Krazan & Associates, Inc. (Krazan) appreciates the opportunity to submit this proposal for testing and inspection for the Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ project.

The following preliminary estimate is based on our experience with similar construction and a review of the provided plans. As more information becomes available, such as the contractor’s construction schedule, we would be happy to revise the project estimate. Variances in the actual schedule may occur during the project and may affect the total cost for our testing and inspection services. Please refer to the attached estimate for further information.

Again, we appreciate the opportunity to submit this estimate and we believe you will be pleased with the selection of our firm. The following pages include the anticipated scope of work, hourly rates and estimate of costs for our services, general conditions, and contract. If you have any questions, or if we can be of further assistance, please do not hesitate to call our office at 559-348-2200.

The following items are included as an Attachment:

Attachment A – Budget Estimate
Attachment B – Agreement for Engineering Consulting Services, Construction Observation, & Materials Testing Services (Pages 1 – 4)
Respectfully submitted,
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Ian G. Beatty
Project Manager
Testing & Inspection Division
67 Section 7, Item 7D.
& A S S O C I A T E S, I N C .

Fowler Senior Center & Police Headquarters
180 N. 3rd Street, Fowler CA

MATERIALS TESTING & SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
Labor: No. Days No. Units Unit Rate Cost
Earthwork Compaction Testing - Building Pad/Mass Grading 6 8 $125.00 $6,000.00 Earthwork Compaction Testing - Underground Utilities 10 4 $125.00 $5,000.00 Earthwork Compaction Testing - Subgrade/Agg Base 6 2 $125.00 $1,500.00 Earthwork Compaction Testing - Misc Flatwork 5 2 $125.00 $1,250.00 Laboratory: No. Units Unit Rate Cost
Soil Maximum Density Curve 6 $225.00 $1,350.00
Soil Expansion Index 0 $200.00 $0.00
Soil Import DTSC Chemical Testing (exluded at this time) 0 $7,500.00 $0.00 Travel: No. Days Unit Rate Cost
Trip Charges 27 $0.00 $0.00
EARTHWORK SUBTOTAL $15,100.00
Labor: No. Days No. Units Unit Rate Cost
Rebar Sample & Tag (assume local supplier) 0 4 $75.00 $0.00 Concrete Batch Plant (assume periodic, not continuous) 0 2 $75.00 $0.00 Rebar Inspection 10 2 $125.00 $2,500.00
Concrete Inspection & Sampling 10 4 $120.00 $4,800.00
Concrete Anchors - Epoxy, Torque, Proofload 5 4 $125.00 $2,500.00 Masonry Inspection & Sampling 30 4 $125.00 $15,000.00
Welding Inspection - Shop (assume local shop) 10 4 $95.00 $3,800.00 Welding & Bolting - Field 10 4 $130.00 $5,200.00
Concrete/Masonry Sample Pick-up 12 2 $55.00 $1,320.00
Laboratory: No. Units Unit Rate Cost
Concrete Compressive Strength (per set of 5) 12 $150.00 $1,800.00 Masonry Block Compressive Strength (per set of 3) 2 $250.00 $500.00 Masonry Mortar Compressive Strength (per set of 5) 4 $100.00 $400.00 Masonry Grout Compressive Strength (per set of 4) 8 $150.00 $1,200.00 Masonry Core Compressive Strength (per set of 2) 0 $150.00 $0.00 Rebar Tensile & Bend 0 $75.00 $0.00
Travel: No. Days Unit Rate Cost
Trip Charges 75 $0.00 $0.00
SPECIAL INSPECTION SUBTOTAL $39,020.00
Labor: No. Days No. Units Unit Rate Cost
Report Preparation/Administrative (monthly) 6 2 $50.00 $600.00 Engineering Review (monthly) 6 1 $150.00 $900.00
ADMIN / PROJ MGMT SUBTOTAL $1,500.00
TOTAL ESTIMATED COSTS: $55,620.00
KA Proposal T24440CAF

SPECIAL INSPECTIONS - REINFORCED CONCRETE & MISCELLANEOUS METAL

EARTHWORK TESTING & INSPECTION

ADMINISTRATIVE / PROJECT MANAGEMENT (SPECIAL INSPECTION) GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING  ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION TESTING AND INSPECTIONS
KRAZAN and Associates, Inc. KA Proposal # TI 440-24
68 Section 7, Item 7D.

Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8. Services initiated between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. will be performed at the standard rates presented in the PROPOSAL and Fee Schedule. Services initiated outside of these hours will be billed at the appropriate rate plus a premium of 12.5 percent. Services rendered in excess of 8 hours (up to 12 hours) on any week day and on Saturdays will be billed at time and a half the hourly rate. Services rendered in excess of 12 hours on any weekday, on Holidays, on Sundays, or in excess of 8 hours on Saturdays or will be charged at double the hourly rate.

KA Proposal T24440CAF

FEE STRUCTURE
We will perform the services listed above on a time and material basis in accordance with our 2024 standard rate schedule. A detailed breakdown of this cost estimate is attached as Attachment A. Costs for construction testing and inspection services are highly dependent on contractors schedule; weather, overlapping of work, additional inspections required by the building official and other factors. Krazan & Associates does not control the work or production rate. Actual costs will vary due to the frequency of scheduling by others.

Therefore the quantities listed in our cost estimate should be considered approximate. The estimate provided herein does not imply a lump sum fee, not-to-exceed fee or a guaranteed maximum price.

Consistent with good engineering practice, we will work with the contractor to keep inspection costs at a minimum. If provided with a construction schedule this cost estimate can be further refined and quantified.

COORDINATION
Additional services requested outside of our stated scope of work will be billed in excess of the estimated amount at our current rates. A price list for these services will be provided upon request.

Services will be performed on a “time and materials” basis. Any total estimates provided are merely estimates and are not a guaranteed maximum price. A two (2) hour minimum charge applies to all inspection services. All inspections performed will be billed on a portal to portal basis unless specifically noted otherwise. Twelve (12) hours notice of cancellation required on all jobs.

Inspections which are cancelled with less than twenty-four (24) hours’ notice, or after an inspector has been dispatched to the project site, will be charged the minimum fee associated with the type of inspection or testing requested.

All concrete samples will be cast in 4-inch diameter x 8-inch high molds unless otherwise agreed.

Additional samples for contractor convenience testing and/or field cure samples are not included in this estimate.

Contractor will provide curing facilities in accordance with ASTM requirements for initial curing (the first 24 hours after specimens are cast) and protection of concrete test specimens on site.

If required, the stated labor rates reflect the current General Prevailing Wage Determination made by the State of California Director of Industrial Relations Pursuant to California Labor Code Part 7, Chapter 1, Article 2, Sections 1770, 1773 and 1773.1. Determination : SC-23-63-2-2016D, dated August 22, 2016.

KRAZAN and Associates, Inc. KA Proposal # TI 440-24
69 Section 7, Item 7D.

COMT 2024.1 Page 1 of 4 __________/__________
T24440CAF Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ Contract Please initial

AGREEMENT FOR ENGINEERING CONSULTING SERVICES,

CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATION AND MATERIALS TESTING SERVICES THIS AGREEMENT is made by and between KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC., hereinafter referred to as “Consultant”, and VANIR 2444 Main Street, Suite 130,Fresno, California 93721 , hereinafter referred to as “Client.” This Agreement between the parties consists of the TERMS AND CONDITIONS (below), the attached PROPOSAL titled “Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ,” file number T24440CAF, dated June 28, 2024 (“PROPOSAL”), and any exhibits or attachments cited in the PROPOSAL, which are incorporated in full by this reference. This Agreement, executed in Clovis, CA, is effective as of the date this Agreement is countersigned by Krazan & Associates, Inc, or the date on which Consultant initiates services as scheduled by Client, whichever occurs earlier.

The parties agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS

1.1. Contract Documents. Plans, specifications, and agreements between Client and Contractor, including amendments, supplementary instructions, and change orders.

1.2. Contractor. The contractor or contractors, and including its/their subcontractors of every tier, retained to perform construction Work on the Project for which Consultant is providing Services under this Agreement.

1.3. Day(s). Calendar day(s) unless otherwise stated.

1.4. Hazardous Materials. The term Hazardous Materials means any toxic substances, chemicals, radioactivity, pollutants or other materials, in whatever form or state, known or suspected to impair the environment in any way whatsoever. Hazardous Materials include, but are not limited to, those substances defined, designated or listed in any federal, state or local law, regulation or ordinance concerning hazardous wastes, toxic substances or pollution.

1.5. Services. The professional services provided by Consultant as set forth in this Agreement, as included in Consultant’s PROPOSAL and any written Change Order, Task Order or amendment to this Agreement, and Consultant’s professional services as scheduled by Client’s contractor through oral or written communication.

1.6. Work. The labor, materials, equipment and services of the Contractor required to complete the Work described in the Contract Documents.

1.7. Fee Schedule. Consultant’s standard annual fee schedule unless project specific fee schedule is provided.

1.8 Inspection (or Observation). Visual determination of conformance with specific or, on the basis of Consultant’s professional judgment, general requirements.

1.9 Testing. Measurement, examination, performance of tests, and any other activities to determine the characteristics or performance of materials.

2. SCOPE OF SERVICES

2.1. Services Provided, Scheduling. Consultant will provide construction materials testing and inspection services as set forth in the PROPOSAL and any additional services requested by Client by oral or written request (Scope of Services). Client or their designated agent shall cause all required tests and inspections of the site, materials and work performed by their Contractor to be scheduled no less than one full work day prior to the time when Consultant is to perform their scheduled tests or inspections. No claims for loss, damage or injury shall be brought against Consultant by Client or any third party for tests or inspections not performed due to inadequate scheduling notice provided to the Consultant by Client.

2.2. Changes in Scope. Client may request changes in the scope of services identified in the PROPOSAL. Such changes, including any additional types of Work to be inspected and/or tested, or any change in Consultant’s compensation or time of performances, which may be requested in writing or orally and which are mutually agreed upon by Consultant and Client, will be incorporated in this Agreement. All Services performed by Consultant on the Project are subject to the terms and limitations of this Agreement. If Services are performed, but the parties do not reach agreement concerning modifications to the PROPOSAL, Services or compensation, then the terms and limitations of this Agreement apply to such Services, except for the payment terms. The parties agree to resolve disputes concerning modifications to scope or compensation pursuant to Section 15, “Disputes.”

2.3. Excluded Services. Consultant’s Services under this Agreement include only those Services specified in the PROPOSAL, and those services subsequently requested by Client and agreed to by Consultant. Client expressly releases any claim against Consultant relating to any additional Services that Consultant recommended or that the project designer or Building Official required, but that Client either did not authorize or instructed Consultant not to perform.

2.4. Authority of Consultant. Consultant will report observations and data to the Client and the General Contractor. Consultant will report any observed work to the Client or Client’s representative, which, in Consultant’s opinion, does not conform with plans, specifications, and codes applicable to the Project.

Consultant has no right or responsibility to approve, accept, reject, or stop work of any agent of the Client.

2.5. Variation of Material Characteristics and Conditions. Observations and standardized sampling, inspection and testing procedures employed by Consultant will indicate conditions of materials and construction activities only at the precise location and time where and when Services were performed. Client recognizes that conditions of materials and construction activities at other locations may vary from those measured or observed, and that conditions at one location and time do not necessarily indicate the conditions of apparently identical material(s) at other locations and times. Services of Consultant, even if performed on a continuous basis, should not be interpreted to mean that Consultant is observing, verifying, testing or inspecting all materials on the Project.

Consultant is responsible only for those data, interpretations, and recommendations regarding the actual materials and construction activities observed, sampled, inspected or tested, and is not responsible for other parties' interpretations or use of the information developed. Consultant may make certain inferences based upon the information derived from these procedures to formulate professional opinions regarding conditions in other areas.

2.6. Sampling, Inspection & Test Locations. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the Services do not include surveying the Site or precisely identifying sampling, inspection or test locations. Sampling, inspection and test locations will be based on field estimates and information furnished by Client and its representatives. Unless stated otherwise in the report, such locations are approximate. Consultant will take reasonable precautions to limit damage to the Project Site or Work due to the performance of Services, but Client understands that some damage may necessarily occur in the normal course of Services, and this Agreement does not include repair of such damage unless specifically stated in the PROPOSAL.

2.7. Independent Contractor. Consultant will perform Services under this Agreement as an independent contractor.

3. PAYMENTS TO CONSULTANT

3.1. Basic Services. Consultant will perform its services on a time and materials basis unless alternate payment terms are specifically stated in the PROPOSAL.

3.2. Additional Services. Any Services performed under this Agreement, including increased hours or units for those Services expressly identified in the attached PROPOSAL, and any additionally requested inspection and/or testing tasks, will be provided on a time and materials basis at the rates established for the project unless otherwise specifically agreed to in writing by both parties.

3.3. Estimate of Fees. Testing and Inspection services are highly dependent on contractors’ schedules, weather, overlapping of work and many other factors.

Client recognizes that changes in scope and schedule, and unforeseen circumstances, Contractor performance and production of the Work can all influence the successful completion of Services within the estimated cost.

The provision of an estimate of fees or a cost estimate is not a guarantee that the Services will be completed for that amount; Consultant’s Services shall continue on a time and materials basis to completion of the Services unless directed otherwise by Client. Furthermore, the provision of a “not to exceed” limitation is not a guarantee that the Services will be completed for that amount; rather, it indicates that Consultant will not incur fees and expenses chargeable to Client in excess of the “not to exceed” limitation amount without notifying Client in writing that the “not-to-exceed” amount has been reached and that Services will continue on a time and materials basis unless directed by Client to discontinue any further Services. Consultant Project Manager charges are above and beyond unit rates quoted.

3.4. Rates. Client will pay Consultant at the rates set forth in the PROPOSAL and Fee Schedule.

3.4.1. Billing Increments. A two (2) hour minimum, portal to portal charge per call, applies to all Consultants services. Services beyond the initial minimum billing increment will be billed in increments of two (2) hour(s) for the first 8 hours and at increments of one hour thereafter for each day’s Services for each assigned technician.

3.4.2. Billing Rate Premiums. Services initiated between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. will be performed at the standard rates presented in the PROPOSAL and Fee Schedule. Services initiated outside of these hours will be billed at the appropriate rate plus a premium of 12.5 percent. Additionally, 70 Section 7, Item 7D.

COMT 2024.1 Page 2 of 4 __________/__________
T24440CAF Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ Contract Please initial services rendered on Saturdays or in excess of 8 hours on any week day will be billed at time and a-half the hourly rate. Services rendered on Holidays, Sundays, or in excess of 8 hours on a Saturday or in excess of 12 hours on any weekday will be charged at double the hourly rate. Late cancellation may be subject to reasonable charges if personnel cannot be appropriately reassigned.

3.4.3. Changes to Rates. Client and Consultant agree that the rates presented in the PROPOSAL and the Fee Schedule are applicable only through December 31 of the year published, unless stated otherwise in the PROPOSAL, and are subject to periodic review and amendment, as appropriate to reflect Consultant’s then-current fee structure. Unless otherwise provided for in the PROPOSAL, where projects are on-going beyond December 31 of the year the services were initiated, the rates presented in the PROPOSAL and Fee Schedule are subject to an annual cost of living adjustment based on the consumer price index for the geographic area where our services are being provided. Notwithstanding the foregoing, where Prevailing Wage regulations apply Consultant’s labor rates are subject to revision based on determinations made by the governing agency. Where labor rates are increased during the course of the project Consultant’s billing rates presented in the PROPOSAL and the Fee Schedule shall be increased proportionally with respect to any mandated labor and/or benefits rate increases unless otherwise stipulated in the PROPOSAL. In the event that the cost of fuel increases 10 percent or more over the course of the project a fuel surcharge may be imposed to recoup the added costs incurred by Consultant. Consultant will give Client at least 30 days advance notice of any changes. Unless Client objects in writing to the proposed amended fee structure within 30 days of notification, the amended fee structure will be incorporated into this Agreement and will then supersede any prior fee structure. If Client timely objects to the amended fee structure, and Consultant and Client cannot agree upon a new fee structure within 30 days after notice, Consultant may terminate this Agreement and be compensated as set forth under Section 14, “Termination.”

3.4.4. Prevailing Wages. Unless Client specifically informs Consultant in writing that prevailing wage regulations cover the Project and Client provides Consultant with the applicable Determination that includes Client’s Services, and the Scope of Services identifies it as covered by such regulations, Client will reimburse, defend, indemnify and hold harmless Consultant from and against any liability resulting from a subsequent determination that prevailing wage regulations cover the Project, including all costs, fines and attorneys’ fees.

3.5 Expenses. Miscellaneous out-of-pocket charges, such as parking, air fare, car/equipment rental, mailing, shipping, subcontractor charges, etc., will be charged on a cost plus overhead basis. On remote jobs or at fabrication facilities, subsistence, when not furnished, will be an additional charge.

3.6. Payment Timing; Late Charge. Consultant will submit invoices to Client periodically, but no more frequently than every two (2) weeks. All invoices are due and payable upon receipt. Upon Consultant’s approval of Client for 30-day payment terms Client shall pay undisputed portions of each progress invoice within thirty (30) days of the date of the invoice. The invoice amounts shall be presumed to be correct unless Client notifies Consultant in writing. If Client objects to all or any portion of any invoice, Client will so notify Consultant in writing within fourteen (14) calendar days of the invoice date, identify the cause of disagreement, and promptly pay when due that portion of the invoice not in dispute. The parties will immediately make every effort to settle the disputed portion of the invoice. In the absence of written notification described above, the balance as stated on the invoice will be paid. Payment thereafter will first be applied to accrued late payment charges interest on unpaid undisputed charges and then to the unpaid principal amount. Consultant reserves the right to apply payments to Client’s outstanding invoices from oldest to most recent regardless of project or invoice designation on checks received. All amounts unpaid when due will include a late payment charge from the date of the invoice, at the rate of 1-1/2% per month or the highest rate permitted by law on the unpaid balance from the invoice date until the invoice is paid. Consultant reserves the right to require payment in full on any and all invoices on Client’s account regardless of project prior to releasing field notes, laboratory test data, photographs, analyses and/or reports. All undisputed amounts due to Consultant by Client shall be paid in full prior to Consultant’s release of final reports or other required forms of certified or verified reports. If the account becomes delinquent, the Client will reimburse Consultant for all time spent and expenses (including fees of any attorney, collection agency, and/or court costs) incurred in connection with collecting any delinquent amount. Consultant shall not be bound by any provision or agreement conditioning Consultant’s right to payment upon payment by a third party. In the event of a legal action for invoice amounts not paid, attorneys’ fees, court costs, and other related expenses shall be paid to the prevailing party. Client’s failure to pay Consultant when due the failure to pay will constitute a substantial failure of Client to perform under this Agreement and Consultant will have the right to stop all current work and withhold letters, reports, or any verbal consultation until the invoice is paid in full. In the event that Client fails to pay Consultant within sixty (60) days after any invoice is rendered, Client agrees that Consultant will have the right to consider the failure to pay Consultant's invoice as a breach of this Agreement. If the Client requests back-up data or changes to the format of the standard invoice, an administrative fee of $100 per invoice may be charged plus $1 per page of back-up data.

4. STANDARD OF PERFORMANCE; DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

4.1 Professional Standards. Subject to the limitations inherent in the agreed Scope of Services as to the degree of care, the amount of time and expenses to be incurred, and subject to any other limitations contained in this Agreement, Consultant will perform the Services consistent with that level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by other professionals providing similar services in the same locale and under similar circumstances at the time the Services are performed.

No other representation and no warranty or guarantee, express or implied, is included or intended by this Agreement or any report, opinion, document, or other instrument of service.

4.2. Level of Service. Consultant offers different levels of construction observation, inspection and materials testing Services to suit the desires and needs of different clients. Although the possibility of error can never be eliminated, more detailed and extensive Services yield more information and reduce the probability of error, but at increased cost. Client must determine the level of Services adequate for its purposes. Client has reviewed the PROPOSAL and has determined that it does not need or want a greater level of Services than that specifically identified in the PROPOSAL.

4.3. No Warranty. Client recognizes the inherent risks connected with site development and construction activities, and understands when signing that those risks are not entirely eliminated through the services of Consultant. Consultant’s tests and observations of the Work are not a guarantee of the quality of Work and do not relieve other parties from their responsibility to perform their Work in accordance with applicable plans, specifications and requirements. Therefore, in signing this Agreement the Client understands that Consultant neither makes nor intends a warranty or guarantee, express or implied, of any type nor does it create a fiduciary responsibility to Client by Consultant.

5. CONTRACTOR’S PERFORMANCE
Consultant is not responsible for Contractor’s means, methods, techniques or sequences during the performance of its Work. Consultant will not supervise or direct Contractor’s Work, or be liable for any failure of Contractor to complete its Work in accordance with the Project’s plans, specifications and applicable codes, laws and regulations. Client understands and agrees that Contractor, not Consultant, has sole responsibility for the safety of persons and property at the Project Site. Consultant shall not be responsible for job site safety or the evaluating and reporting of job conditions concerning health, safety or welfare.

6. CLIENT’S RESPONSIBILITIES
In addition to payment for the Services performed under this Agreement, Client agrees to:

6.1. Access. Grant or obtain free access to the Project Site for all equipment and personnel necessary for Consultant to perform its Services under this Agreement.

6.2. Relevant Information. Supply Consultant with all information and documents relevant to Consultant’s Services. Consultant is entitled to rely upon such information without verifying its accuracy. Client will notify Consultant of any known potential or possible health or safety hazard regarding the materials to be tested, including its intended use, chemical composition, relevant MSDS, manufacturers’ specifications and literature, and any previous test results.

6.3. Project Information. Client agrees to provide Consultant within 5 days after written request, a correct statement of the recorded legal title to the property on which the Project is located and the Client and/or Owner’s interest therein, and the identity and address of any construction lender.

7. CHANGED CONDITIONS
If Consultant discovers conditions or circumstances that it had not contemplated at the commencement of this Agreement (“Changed Conditions”), Consultant will notify Client in writing of the Changed Conditions. Client and Consultant agree that they will then renegotiate in good faith the terms and conditions of this Agreement. If Consultant and Client cannot agree upon amended terms and conditions within 30 days after notice, Consultant may terminate this Agreement and be compensated as set forth in Section 14, “Termination.”

8. ALLOCATION OF RISK

8.1. Limitation of Liability. The total cumulative liability of Consultant, its subconsultants and subcontractors, and all of their respective shareholders, directors, officers, employees and agents (collectively “Consultant Entities”), to Client and its successors and all parties included as additional insured on Consultant’s insurance policies and all of their respective shareholders, directors, officers, employees and agents (collectively “Client Entities”) arising from or relating to Services under this Agreement, including attorney’s fees due under this Agreement, will not exceed the gross compensation received by Consultant 71 Section 7, Item 7D.

COMT 2024.1 Page 3 of 4 __________/__________
T24440CAF Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ Contract Please initial under this Agreement or one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000.00), whichever is greater; provided, however, that such liability is further limited as described below. This limit is an aggregate limit with respect to all services on the project, whether provided under this, prior or subsequent agreements, unless modified in writing, agreed to and signed by authorized representatives of the parties. This limitation applies to all lawsuits, claims or actions that allege errors or omissions in Consultant’s Services, whether alleged to arise in tort, contract, warranty, or other legal theory. Upon Client’s written request, Consultant and Client may agree to increase the limitation to a greater amount in exchange for a negotiated increase in Consultant’s fee, provided that they amend this Agreement in writing as provided in Section 16. Consultant Entities and Client Entities also agree that the Client Entities will not seek damages in excess of the limitations indirectly through suits with other parties who may join Consultant as a third-party defendant.

8.2. Indemnification. Client will indemnify, defend and hold harmless Consultant, its subconsultants and subcontractors, and all of their respective shareholders, directors, officers, employees and agents (collectively “Consultant Entities”) from and against any and all claims, suits, liabilities, damages, expenses (including without limitation reasonable attorney’s fees and costs of defense) or other losses (collectively “Losses”) except to the extent caused by the sole negligence of Consultant. In addition, except to the extent caused by Consultant’s negligence, Client expressly agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Consultant Entities from and against any and all Losses arising from or related to the existence, disposal, release, discharge, treatment or transportation of Hazardous Materials, or the exposure of any person to Hazardous Materials, or the degradation of the environment due to the presence, discharge, disposal, release of or exposure to Hazardous Material.

8.3. Consequential Damages. Neither Client nor Consultant will be liable to the other for any special, consequential, incidental or penal losses or damages of whatever nature including but not limited to losses, damages or claims related to the unavailability of property or facilities, shutdowns or service interruptions, loss of use, loss of profits, loss of revenue, or loss of inventory, or for use charges, cost of capital, or claims of the other party and/or its customers, which may arise directly or indirectly as a result of the Services provided by Consultant under this Agreement.

8.4. Continuing Agreement. The provisions of this Section 8, “Allocation of Risk,” will survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement. If Company provides Services to Client that the parties do not confirm through execution of an amendment to this Agreement, the provisions of this Section 8 will apply to such Services as if the parties had executed an amendment.

8.5. No Personal Liability. Client and Consultant intend that Consultant’s Services will not subject Consultant’s individual employees, officers or directors to any personal liability. Therefore, and notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, Client agrees as its sole and exclusive remedy to direct or assert any claim, demand or suit only against the business entity identified as “Consultant” on the first page of this Agreement.

9. INSURANCE

9.1. Consultant’s Insurance. Consultant carries Statutory Workers’ Compensation and Employer’s Liability Insurance; Commercial General Liability Insurance for bodily injury and property damage; Automobile Liability Insurance, including liability for all owned, hired and non-owned vehicles; and Professional Liability Insurance. Certificates of insurance can be furnished upon written request but may not be processed unless accompanied by a signed Agreement.

Client agrees not to withhold payment to Consultant for Client’s failure to make such a timely request and such requests may not be honored if made after final completion of authorized Services. Additional charges may apply for Waiver of Subrogation and Additional Insured Endorsements. Consultant assumes the risk of damage caused by Consultant’s personnel to Consultant’s supplies and equipment.

9.2. Contractor’s Insurance. Client shall require that all Contractors and subcontractors for the Project name Consultant as an additional insured under their General Liability and Automobile Liability insurance policies. If Client is not the Project owner, Client will require the Project owner to require the owner’s Contractor to purchase and maintain General Liability, Builder’s Risk, Automobile Liability, Workers’ Compensation, and Employer’s Liability insurance with limits no less than as set forth above, and to name Consultant and its subcontractors and subconsultants as additional insureds on the General Liability insurance.

Upon request, Client will provide Consultant with certificate(s) of insurance evidencing the existence of the policies required herein.

10. OWNERSHIP AND USE OF DOCUMENTS

10.1. Use of Documents. Documents prepared by Consultant are solely for use by Client and will not be provided by either party to any other person or entity, other than the project Architect, Structural Engineer, General Contractor and Building Department, without Consultant’s prior written consent.

10.1.1. Use by Client. Client has the right to reuse the Documents for purposes reasonably connected with the Project for which the Services are provided, including without limitation design and licensing requirements of the Project.

10.1.2. Use by Consultant. Consultant retains the right of ownership with respect to any patentable concepts or copyrightable materials arising from its Services and the right to use the Documents for any purpose.

10.2. Electronic Media. Consultant may agree at Client’s request to provide Documents and information in an electronic format as a courtesy. However, the paper original issued by Consultant will remain the final documentation of the Services.

10.3. Unauthorized Reuse. No party other than Client may rely, and Client will not represent to any other party that it may rely on Documents without Consultant’s express prior written consent and receipt of additional compensation. Client will defend, indemnify and hold harmless Consultant from and against any claim, action or proceeding brought by any party claiming to rely upon information or opinions contained in Documents provided to such person or entity, published, disclosed or referred to without Consultant’s prior written consent.

11. SAMPLES
Consultant will dispose of all samples collected during the construction phase of the project immediately upon completion of testing. Upon request received prior to the initiation of testing, Consultant will deliver samples to the Client or will store them for an agreed delivery or storage charge. All samples shall remain the property of the Client and, in the absence of evidence of contamination, Consultant shall dispose of samples for the Client. Client shall be responsible for and promptly pay for the removal and lawful disposal of all contaminated samples and hazardous materials and other hazardous substances, unless otherwise agreed in writing.

12. ASSIGNMENT AND SUBCONTRACTS
During the term of this Agreement and following its expiration or termination for any reason, neither party may assign this Agreement or any right or claim under it, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the other party, except for an assignment of proceeds for financing purposes. Any assignment that fails to comply with this paragraph will be void and of no effect. Consultant may subcontract for the services of others without obtaining Client’s consent if Consultant deems it necessary or desirable for others to perform certain Services.

13. SUSPENSION AND DELAYS

13.1. Procedures. Client may, at any time by 10 days written notice suspend performance of all or any part of the Services by Consultant. Consultant may terminate this Agreement if Client suspends Consultant’s Services for more than 60 days and Client will pay Consultant as set forth under Section 14, “Termination.” If Client suspends Consultant’s Services, or if Client or others delay Consultant’s Services, Client and Consultant agree to equitably adjust: (1) the time for completion of the Services; and (2) Consultant’s compensation in accordance with Consultant’s then current Fee Schedule for the additional labor, equipment, and other charges associated with maintaining its workforce for Client’s benefit during the delay or suspension, or charges incurred by Consultant for demobilization and subsequent remobilization.

13.2. Liability. Consultant is not liable to Client for any failure to perform or delay in performance due to circumstances beyond Consultant’s control, including but not limited to pollution, contamination, or release of hazardous substances, strikes, lockouts, riots, wars, fires, flood, explosion, “acts of God,” adverse weather conditions, acts of government, labor disputes, delays in transportation or inability to obtain material and equipment in the open market.

14. TERMINATION

14.1. Termination for Convenience. Consultant and Client may terminate this Agreement for convenience upon 30 days written notice delivered or mailed to the other party.

14.2. Termination for Cause. In the event of material breach of this Agreement, the non-breaching party may terminate this Agreement if the breaching party fails to cure the breach within 5 days following delivery of the non-breaching party’s written notice of the breach to the breaching party. The termination notice must state the basis for the termination. The Agreement may not be terminated for cause if the breaching party cures the breach within the 5-day period.

14.3. Payment on Termination. Following termination other than for Consultant’s material breach of this Agreement, Client will pay Consultant for Services performed prior to the termination notice date, and for any necessary Services and expenses incurred in connection with the termination of the Project, including but not limited to, the costs of completing analysis, records and reports necessary to document job status at the time of termination and costs associated with termination of subcontractor contracts in accordance with Consultant’s then current Fee Schedule. 72 Section 7, Item 7D.

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T24440CAF Fowler Senior Center & Police HQ Contract Please initial

15. DISPUTES

15.1. Mediation. All disputes between Consultant and Client, except those involving Client’s failure to pay undisputed invoices as provided herein and excluding Consultant’s perfection of any mechanic’s lien, are subject to mediation. Either party may demand mediation by serving a written notice stating the essential nature of the dispute, amount of time or money claimed, and requiring that the matter be mediated within 45 days of service of notice. The mediation shall be administered by the American Arbitration Association or by such other person or organization as the parties may agree upon, in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association.

15.2. Precondition to Other Action. No action or suit, except those involving Client’s failure to pay undisputed invoices as provided herein and excluding Consultant’s perfection of any mechanic’s lien, may be commenced unless the mediation did not occur within 45 days after service of notice; or the mediation occurred but did not resolve the dispute; or a statute of limitation would elapse if suit was not filed prior to 45 days after service of notice. If the matter is referred to arbitration, the arbitration shall be conducted in Fresno County, California. The arbitrator shall be appointed within 60 days of the arbitrators’ receipt of a written request to arbitrate the dispute. The arbitrator shall be authorized to provide all recognizable remedies available in law or equity for any cause of action that is the basis of the arbitration (to the extent such remedy is not otherwise precluded under this Agreement), provided that (i) the arbitrator shall not have the authority to award punitive damages, and (ii) each party shall bear its own costs and attorney’s fees related to the arbitration.

15.3. Choice of Law; Venue. This Agreement will be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the state of California. Except for actions, such as for enforcement of mechanic's liens, which are required by statute to be brought in a specific venue, or unless the parties agree otherwise, any mediation or other legal proceeding will occur in Fresno County, California. Client waives the right to have the suit brought, or tried in, or removed to, any other county or judicial jurisdiction. The prevailing party will be entitled to recovery of all reasonable costs incurred, including court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and other claim related direct expenses.

15.4. Statutes of Limitations. Any applicable statute of limitations will be deemed to commence running on the earlier of the date of substantial completion of Consultant’s Services under this Agreement or the date on which claimant knew, or should have known, of facts giving rise to its claims.

16. MISCELLANEOUS

16.1. Integration and Severability. This Agreement reflects the entire agreement of the parties with respect to its terms and conditions, and supersedes all prior agreements, whether written or oral. If any portion of this Agreement is void or voidable, such portion will be deemed stricken and the Agreement reformed to as closely approximate the stricken portions as the law allows. If any of the provisions contained in this Agreement are held illegal, invalid, or unenforceable, the enforceability of the remaining provisions will not be impaired.

16.2. Modification of This Agreement. This Agreement may not be modified or altered, except by a written agreement signed by authorized representatives of both parties and referring specifically to this Agreement.

16.3. Notices. Any and all notices, requests, instructions, or other communications given by either party to the other must be in writing and either hand delivered to the recipient or delivered by first-class mail with return receipt (postage prepaid) or express mail (billed to sender) at the addresses given in this Agreement.

16.4. Headings. The headings used in this Agreement are for convenience only and are not a part of this Agreement.

16.5. Waiver. The waiver of any term, conditions or breach of this Agreement will not operate as a subsequent waiver of the same term, condition, or breach.

One or more waivers of any term, condition or covenant by either party shall not be construed as a waiver of any other term, condition or covenant.

16.6. Survival. These terms and conditions survive the completion of the Services and/or the termination of this Agreement, whether for cause or for convenience.

16.7. Warranty Of Authority To Sign, Personal Guarantee. The person signing this contract warrants that he/she has authority to sign on the behalf of the Client for whose benefit Consultant’s services are rendered. If such person does not have such authority, he/she agrees that he/she is personally liable for obligations under this Agreement and all breaches of this contract and that in any action against him/her for breach of such warranty, reasonable attorney’s fees shall be included in any judgment rendered. Further, if Client fails to perform and is in breach of this Agreement the person signing this Agreement agrees that he/she is personally liable for obligations under this Agreement and all breaches of this contract and that in any action against him/her for breach of such warranty, reasonable attorney’s fees shall be included in any judgment rendered.

16.8. Precedence. These Terms and Conditions take precedence over any inconsistent or contradictory provisions contained in any other agreement term, proposal, purchase order, requisition, notice to proceed, or other document regarding Consultant’s Services.

16.9. Incorporation of Provisions Required By Law. Each provision and clause required by law to be inserted in this Agreement is included herein, and the Agreement should be read and enforced as though each were set forth in its entirety herein.

17. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This Agreement between the parties consists of these Terms, the PROPOSAL by the Consultant, and any exhibits or attachments noted in the PROPOSAL.

Together, these elements will constitute the entire Agreement superseding any and all prior negotiations, correspondence, or agreements either written or oral.

The Parties have read the foregoing, understand completely the terms, and willingly enter into this Agreement. This Agreement was developed to be fair and reasonable to both parties. The terms of this Agreement will prevail over any different or additional terms in Client’s purchase order or other forms provided by Client to Consultant as part of the authorization process unless agreed in writing by Consultant. The parties acknowledge that there has been an opportunity to negotiate the terms and conditions of this Agreement and agree to be bound accordingly. Consultant’s acceptance of this Agreement is pending credit review and a retainer fee may be required.

Client: VANIR Consultant: KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Signature Date Signature Date
Name (Please Print) Name (Please Print)
Title Title
73 Section 7, Item 7D.

RESOLUTION NO. 2744

A RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FOWLER

APPROVING AND ADOPTING BUDGET AMENDMENTS FOR MATERIAL RESTING & SPECIAL INSPECTIONS FUNDING FOR $58,401.00 FOR FISCAL YEAR 2024/2025 WHEREAS, the FY 2024/2025 Annual Budget reflects the City of Fowler’s ongoing commitment to providing core services; and
WHEREAS, the FY 2024/2025 Annual Budget was approved by the City Council on June 4, 2024, by Resolution 2717, and any subsequent amendments must be approved by Resolution; and
WHEREAS, a budget amendment is necessary provide material testing & special inspections provided by Krazan & Associates, Inc. and managed by Vanir Construction Management, Inc., as is required pursuant to the Building Code.

WHEREAS, the budget amendment attached hereto as Attachment A specifies the additional funding for $58,401.00 to be expensed in Fiscal Year 2024/2025.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, the Fowler City Council hereby resolves that the FY 2024/2025 budget be amended as described in Attachment A hereto to provide the necessary funding to various funds.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 1st day of October 2024, at a regular meeting of the Fowler City Council by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

APPROVED:
___________________________
Daniel T. Parra, Mayor
ATTEST:
____________________________
Angela Vasquez, City Clerk
74 Section 7, Item 7D.

ATTACHMENT A

REQUEST FOR BUDGET AMENDMENT
Resolution No. 2744
Requested by: Michael Reid Budget Amounts
Account Numbers: Fund Name Description Increase Decrease Revenues
255 State Grant AB178 Fund Balance $ 58,401
Expenses
255-5710 State Grant AB178-Improvements $ 58,401
Reason(s) for Budget Amendment:

Finance Director
Signature Date
City Manager
Signature Date
City Council: Approved Resolution #__________ Denied
Journal Entry No. _______________ Date Posted ___________ By: ____________________________ To align expenses and revenues to the FY 2024/25 budget, staff request budget amendments to the following fund:

State Grant AB178-Improvements, $58,401: To adjust addtional funding for the David T. Cardenas Senior Center and Police Headquarters. 75 Section 7, Item 7D.

CITY COUNCIL MEETING

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL
DATE: October 1, 2024
FROM: SOO HO PARK, City Engineer
SUBJECT:

AWARD Sumner Avenue Bike/Pedestrian Improvements to Juarez Brothers General Engineering, Inc. in the amount of $158,997.59 and authorize Interim City Manager to execute the agreement

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Staff recommends awarding the Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements (CML 5173-040) to Juarez Brothers General Engineering, Inc. The contractor will construct bike and pedestrian improvements between S. Sunnyside Avenue and W. Merced Street on E. Sumner Avenue.

BACKGROUND
On September 17, 2024, the City received 4 responsive bids for the Sumner Avenue Bike/Pedestrian Improvements project. The project includes hot mix asphalt, pavement striping, markers and markings, construction of concrete curb and gutter and sidewalk, earthwork, and preparation of subgrade. The bid received was for $158,997.59. The Engineer’s Estimate for the project was $ $148,394.00.
 Contractor is based in Madera, California and has a current and active Class A, General Contractor’s license in the State of California.
 Attached is the summary of the responsive bids received.

PUBLIC NOTICE
This item does not require a public hearing and was noticed as a part of the City Council Agenda.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The proposed Project is exempt pursuant to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15301 (Class 1) as the Project proposed to construct minor modifications to existing infrastructure. The Project will conduct bike and pedestrian improvements on E.

Sumner Avenue. between S. Sunnyside Avenue and W. Merced Street. 76 Section 7, Item 7E.

GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
This action is consistent with:

General Plan Goal MOB-11
Ensure street and road projects are adequately designed to accommodate safe and convenient pedestrian and bicyclist access.

FISCAL IMPACT
The project has been federally grant funded through the Congestion Mitigation Air Quality Act program. Through the grant, there is $148,394 available for construction funding. However, since the lowest bid was $10,603.59 above the funding amount, City Staff will be requesting Fresno COG for a funding increase. If Fresno COG is unable to provide the additional funding, the City will use Flexible Measure C funds to bridge the gap.

PROCUREMENT PROCESS
This bid was competitively bid and there were 4 contractors who provided responsive bids.

Juarez Brothers General Engineering, Inc was the lowest responsive bidder on the project.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Staff is not aware of any conflicts of interest.

Attachments
- Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements Plan
- Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements Bid Summary - Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements Agreement 77 Section 7, Item 7E.

PROJECT LOCATIONSUMNER AVENUE PEDESTRIAN IMPROVEMENTS CITY OF FOWLER DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS PLANS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CITY OF FOWLER City ofFowler

THE CITY OF
FOWLER
CAL IFORN AI 1 9 0 8 128 S. 5TH STREET FOWLER, CA. 93625 PETERS ENGINEERING GROUP 862 Pollasky Avenue Phone (559) 299-1544 Clovis, California 93612 www.peters-engineering.com 78 Section 7, Item 7E.

City ofFowler THE CITY OF FOWLER CAL IFORN AI 1 9 0 8 128 S. 5TH STREET FOWLER, CA. 93625 PETERS ENGINEERING GROUP 862 Pollasky Avenue Phone (559) 299-1544 Clovis, California 93612 www.peters-engineering.com 79 Section 7, Item 7E.

STOP City ofFowler THE CITY OF FOWLER CAL IFORN AI 1 9 0 8 128 S. 5TH STREET FOWLER, CA. 93625 PETERS ENGINEERING GROUP 862 Pollasky Avenue Phone (559) 299-1544 Clovis, California 93612 www.peters-engineering.com 81 Section 7, Item 7E.

BASE BID SCHEDULE
Item No. Quantity Unit Item Description Unit Price Total Amount Unit Price Total Amount Unit Price Total Amount Unit Price Total Amount Unit Price Total Amount 1 1 LS Mobilization $12,000.00 $12,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $15,000.00 $14,000.00 $14,000.00 2 1 LS Traffic Control $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $13,125.00 $13,125.00 $7,000.00 $7,000.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 $1,500.00 $1,500.00 3 1 LS Dust Control $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $4,704.48 $4,704.48 $500.00 $500.00 $2,000.00 $2,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 4 1 LS Clearing & Grubbing $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $7,563.02 $7,563.02 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $7,500.00 $7,500.00 $11,442.00 $11,442.00 5 1 LS Storm Water Pollution Prevention $3,500.00 $3,500.00 $1,575.00 $1,575.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 6 160 CY Roadway Excavation (F) $30.00 $4,800.00 $36.35 $5,816.00 $80.00 $12,800.00 $140.00 $22,400.00 $155.00 $24,800.00 7 55 TON Hot Mix Asphalt (F) $110.00 $6,050.00 $295.59 $16,257.45 $320.00 $17,600.00 $275.00 $15,125.00 $454.00 $24,970.00 8 110 TON Aggergate Base (Class II) (F) $60.00 $6,600.00 $82.94 $9,123.40 $72.00 $7,920.00 $175.00 $19,250.00 $118.00 $12,980.00 9 565 LF Concrete Curb & Gutter $45.00 $25,425.00 $40.56 $22,916.40 $56.00 $31,640.00 $40.00 $22,600.00 $69.00 $38,985.00 10 2,935 SF Concrete Sidewalk $12.00 $35,220.00 $8.06 $23,656.10 $10.00 $29,350.00 $10.00 $29,350.00 $10.00 $29,350.00 11 1 LS Storm Drain Inlet $7,500.00 $7,500.00 $5,962.68 $5,962.68 $15,500.00 $15,500.00 $9,500.00 $9,500.00 $7,900.00 $7,900.00 12 49 LF 12-Inch SRD-26 Storm Drain Pipe $125.00 $6,125.00 $143.94 $7,053.06 $233.00 $11,417.00 $280.00 $13,720.00 $577.00 $28,273.00 13 1 LS Signage, pavement Striping, Markers & Markings $16,000.00 $16,000.00 $22,245.00 $22,245.00 $22,890.00 $22,890.00 $22,000.00 $22,000.00 $21,500.00 $21,500.00 14 1 LS Miscellaneous Facilities $5,174.00 $5,174.00 $4,000.00 $4,000.00 $16,000.00 $16,000.00 $8,000.00 $8,000.00 $9,000.00 $9,000.00 TOTAL BASE BID $148,394.00 $158,997.59 $189,117.00 $191,445.00 $225,700.00 JT2 Inc dba Todd Companies
#4
CITY OF FOWLER - Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements CML 5173 (040) BID SUMMARY "September 17, 2024"
#1 #2 #3
Don Berry Construction, Inc. R.J. Berry Jr. Inc. Juarez Brothers General Engineering, inc. Engineer's Estimate
82 Section 7, Item 7E.
83 Section 7, Item 7E.
84 Section 7, Item 7E.
85 Section 7, Item 7E.
86 Section 7, Item 7E.
87 Section 7, Item 7E.

Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements
CML 5173 (040)

Page 81 ends

AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT made at Fowler, in Fresno County, California, by and between hereinafter called the Contractor, and the City of Fowler hereinafter called the Owner.

WITNESSETH: That the Contractor and the Owner, for the consideration hereinafter named, agree as follows:

ARTICLE I. The Contractor agrees to furnish all labor and materials, including tools, implements, and appliances required, but excluding such materials as are mentioned in the specifications to be furnished by the Owner, and to perform all the work in a good and workmanlike manner, free from any and all liens and claims of mechanics, materialmen, teamsters, subcontractors, artisans, machinists, and laborers required for:

SUMNER AVENUE BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN IMPROVEMENTS
CML 5173 (040)
all in strict compliance with the plans, drawings and specifications therefor prepared by the Owner, and other contract documents relating thereto.

ARTICLE II. The Contractor and the Owner agree that the Advertisement (Notice to Contractors), the Wage Scale (Prevailing Wages), the Specifications, the Special Provisions, the Plans and Drawings, the Addenda and Bulletins thereto, and the Proposal hereto attached, together with this Agreement including Appendix A (wage rates) and Appendix B (Form 1273), form the contract, and they are as fully a part of the contract a if hereto attached or herein repeated.

All portions of the 2023 Standard Specifications of the State of California, Department of Transportation, which are not in conflict with this contract shall be deemed a part of the specifications as though fully therein set forth. No part of said Special Provisions which is in conflict with any portion of this agreement, or which is not actually descriptive of the work to be done thereunder, or the manner in which said work is to be executed, shall be considered as any part of this agreement, but shall be utterly null and void.

ARTICLE III. The Owner agrees to pay the Contractor in current funds for the performance of the contract sum of ($ ) it being
understood that said price is based upon the estimated quantities of materials to be used as set forth in the Proposal, except where provisions are made in the contract documents whereby the estimated quantities shall constitute the final quantity; that upon completion of the project the final contract prices shall be revised by change order, if necessary, to reflect the true quantities used at the stated unit price thereof as contained in the Contractor's Proposal hereto attached. Payments on account thereof will be made as set forth in the Special Provisions.

ARTICLE IV. If the Contractor should be adjudged a bankrupt, or if he should make a general assignment for the benefit of his creditors, or if a receiver should be appointed on account of his insolvency, or if he or any of his subcontractors should persistently violate any of the provisions of the contract, or if he should persistently or repeatedly refuse or should, fail, except in cases for which extension of time is provided, to supply enough properly skilled workmen or proper materials, or if he should fail to make prompt payment to subcontractors or for material or labor, or persistently disregard laws, ordinances or the instructions of the Engineer, then the Owner may, upon certificate of the Engineer when sufficient cause exists to justify such action, serve written notice upon the Contractor and his surety of its intention to terminate the contract, and unless within five days after the serving of such notice such violations shall cease and satisfactory arrangements for correction thereof be made, the contract shall, upon the expiration of said five days, cease and terminate. 88 Section 7, Item 7E.

Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements
CML 5173 (040)

Page 82 ends

In the event of any such termination, the Owner shall immediately serve written notice thereof upon the surety and the Contractor, and the surety shall have the right to take over and perform the contract, provided, however, that if the surety within ten (10) days after the serving upon it of notice of termination does not give the Owner written notice of its intention to take over and perform the work or does not commence performance thereof within the ten (10) days stated above from the date of the serving of such notice, the Owner may take over the work and prosecute the same to completion by contract or by any other method it may deem advisable, for the account and at the expense of the Contractor, and the Contractor and his surety shall be liable to the Owner for any excess cost occasioned the Owner thereby, and in such event the Owner may without liability for so doing, take possession of and utilize in completing the work such materials, appliances, plant and other property belonging to the Contractor as may be on the site of the work and necessary therefor. In such case the Contractor shall not be entitled to receive any further payment until the work is finished. If the unpaid balance of the contract price shall exceed the expenses of finishing the work, including compensation for additional managerial and administrative services, such excess shall be paid to the Contractor. If such expense shall exceed such unpaid balance, the Contractor shall pay the difference to the Owner. The expense incurred by the Owner, as herein provided and damage incurred through the Contractor's default, shall be certified by the Engineer.

ARTICLE V. With respect to any work required to be done under this contract, the Contractor will indemnify and hold harmless the City of Fowler, Peters Engineering Group, the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and all other participating public agencies, whether, or not said agencies are named herein, who have jurisdiction within the areas in which the work is to be performed, and all officers and employees of the Owner, the City, the State, the United States and said other participating agencies, against any and all claims, demands, causes of action, damages, (including damages to the Owner's property or property of the participating agencies), costs or liabilities (including costs, or liabilities of the Owner or the participating agencies with respect to its employees), in law or in equity of every kind and nature whatsoever, directly or proximately resulting from or caused by the performance of the contract, whether such performance by the Contractor, his subcontractor or anyone directly or indirectly employed by him; and the Contractor shall, at his sole risk and expense, defend any and all suits, actions or other legal proceedings which may be brought or instituted by third persons against the Owner, the participating agencies, their officers and employees on any such claim, demand or cause of action, and the Contractor shall pay and satisfy any judgement or decree which may be rendered against the Owner, the participating agencies, their officers and employees in any such suit, action or other legal proceedings.

The Contractor shall furnish the Owner with a Certificate of Insurance, in triplicate, indicating insurance coverage with respect to the liability assumed by the Contractor under the provisions of this Article V, and shall further indicate insurance coverage with minimum limits as shown in either (a.) or (b.) as follows:
a. Bodily Injury Liability $1,000,000 $1,000,000
Each person Each occurrence
Property Damage Liability $1,000,000 $1,000,000
Each person Aggregate
b. A single limit for Bodily Injury Liability and Property Damage Liability combined of:
$1,000,000, Each occurrence, $1,000,000, Aggregate
Contractor's Property Damage Liability insurance shall include coverage for property damage caused by blasting, collapse, structural injuries of damage to underground utilities. The policy shall not contain the so-called "x", "c" or "u" exclusions.

The Certificate of Insurance shall further provide that ten days notice of cancellation or reduction in coverage shall be given the Owner.
89 Section 7, Item 7E.

Sumner Avenue Bicycle/Pedestrian Improvements
CML 5173 (040)

Page 83 ends

An additional Insured Endorsement to the Contractor's Liability insurance policy naming the Owner, the above said agencies and all other participating public agencies (if applicable) and all officers and employees of the above, shall also be furnished in triplicate.

ARTICLE VI. Contractor represents that he has secured the payment of Worker's Compensation in compliance with the provisions of the Labor Code of the State of California and during the performance of the work contemplated herein will continue so to comply with said provisions of said Code. Contractor shall supply the Owner with certificates of insurance, in triplicate, evidencing that Worker's Compensation Insurance is in effect and providing that the Owner will receive ten days notice of cancellation. If Contractor self-insures Worker's Compensation, Certificate of Consent to Self-insure shall be provided the Owner.

ARTICLE VII. The Contractor shall forthwith furnish in triplicate, a faithful performance bond in an amount equal to 100% of the contract price and a payment bond in an amount equal 100% of the contract price, both bonds to be written by a surety company acceptable to the Owner and in the form prescribed by law.

The payment bond shall contain provisions such that if the Contractor or his subcontractors shall fail to pay (a) amounts due under the Unemployment Insurance Code with respect to work performed under the contract, or (b) any amounts required to be deducted, withheld and paid over to the Employment Development Department from the wages of the employees of the Contractor and subcontractors pursuant to Section 13020 of the Unemployment Insurance Code with respect to such work and labor, then the surety will pay these amounts. In case suit is brought upon the payment bond, the surety will pay a reasonable attorney's fee to be fixed by the court.

ARTICLE VIII. Should either party to the contract bring an arbitration or mediation proceeding or other action to enforce any provisions of the contract, including an action pursuant to Public Contract Code Section 20104.4, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorney's fees and all costs in connection therewith. The term "prevail" as used in this section shall include any action at law, in equity, or pursuant to arbitration in which either party has been successful
ARTICLE IX. Time is of the essence. The improvement and work contemplated in the performance of this contract is predicated on sufficient suitable weather conditions during the contract period (after the notice to proceed), it is agreed that the contract may be credited additional days as provided in the specifications, but no additional monetary compensation.

Any such delay shall be documented and processed on the standard change order form.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, they have executed this Agreement this day of _____________________, 20____.

City of Fowler
(Owner) (Contractor)
By:

Thomas Gaffery, Interim City Manager (Taxpayer Federal I.D. No.) ATTEST:

By:

Angela Vasquez, City Clerk
Title
90 Section 7, Item 7E.

CITY COUNCIL MEETING

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL
DATE: October 1, 2024
FROM: THOMAS W. GAFFERY IV, Interim City Manager
SUBJECT: APPROVE a time-only First Amendment to the professional services agreement with Toole Design Group (TDG Engineering, Inc.) for the Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Trails Master Plan

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This action extends the term of the professional services agreement with Toole Design Group to complete the City’s Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Trails Master Plan. There is no cost associated with this action.

BACKGROUND
In 2022, the City submitted an application to the Caltrans Sustainable Transportation Planning grant program for the development of a Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Trails Master Plan. The City was awarded $124,650 for this project. On May 2, 2023, City Council awarded a contract with Toole Design Group to complete the plan. Progress continues on the plan and presentation of a final plan to City Council is anticipated later this year.

PUBLIC NOTICE
This item does not require a public hearing and was noticed as a part of the City Council Agenda.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
This project is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15306. The project is a data gathering exercise and is part of a study leading to an action which the City of Fowler has not yet approved, adopted, or funded.

GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
This action is consistent with:

Goal CDES-1
Through community design, Fowler fosters and reinforces the City’s unique sense of place. 91 Section 7, Item 7F.

Goal CH-1
Opportunities for physical activity, such as walking and biking, are integrated into the built environment.

Goal CH-4
Public facilities are equitably distributed throughout the community.

Policy CH-1
Implement an active transportation network that links residential uses with schools, shopping, entertainment, recreation, and employment centers.

Action Item CH-1a
Identify gaps in the existing pedestrian and bicycle network to inform capital improvements programming and grant funding opportunities.

Action Item CH-1b
Prioritize pedestrian and bicycle improvement projects that close gaps in the mobility network and those which link the east and west sides of the city.

Action Item CH-1d
Develop and implement an Active Transportation Plan.

Policy CH-2
Promote walking and bicycling and reduce vehicle miles traveled by allowing complementary land uses in close proximity to one another.

Policy CH-3
Consider pedestrian and bicyclist safety and comfort in the design and development of streets, parks, and public spaces.

Action Item CH-3a
Conduct a visual quality assessment of bicycle and pedestrian facilities to determine the efficacy of existing active transportation improvements and to help prioritize future improvements.

Goal OS-1
Open space areas form a connected network, linking Fowler’s residential neighborhoods to passive and active recreation opportunities.

Goal OS-2
Open space areas enhance community livability, provide opportunities for improved public health, and are equitably distributed throughout the City.

Action Item OS-2a
Develop and implement a Parks and Trails Master Plan.

Goal MOB-1
Fowler’s streets are a safe and enjoyable environment for pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, and people of all ages and abilities.
92 Section 7, Item 7F.

Policy MOB-10
Develop a multi-purpose recreational bikeway network and support facilities.

FISCAL IMPACT
There is no cost associated with this extension.

PROCUREMENT PROCESS
This action is being brought forward for Council consideration in accordance with the Purchasing Policy as the original Agreement was approved by City Council.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Staff is not aware of any conflicts of interest.

Attachments
- First Amendment
93 Section 7, Item 7F.

FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF FOWLER AND TDG ENGINEERING, INC.

TO PROVIDE A BICYCLE, PEDESTRIAN, AND TRAILS MASTER PLAN A. The City desires modifications to the products and services beyond the scope of the Agreement.

B. The June 30, 2024 Agreement termination date as stated in Section 3 of the Agreement is revised to June 30, 2025.

C. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged. It is the intention of the parties that except for the changes explicitly listed above, all other terms and conditions of the Agreement and any other Exhibits, Attachments or Addenda thereto shall remain in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have entered into this First Amendment on October 1, 2024.

TDG ENGINEERING, INC. CITY OF FOWLER
__________________________ Roswell Eldridge Thomas W. Gaffery IV EVP/COO Interim City Manager
Date: Date:
8484 Georgia Avenue, Suite 800 128 South 5th Street
Silver Spring, MD 20910 Fowler, CA 93625
(301) 927-1900 (559) 834-3113

ATTEST APPROVED AS TO FORM
_________________________ ___________________________
Angela Vasquez Scott G. Cross
City Clerk City Attorney
Date: Date:
94 Section 7, Item 7F.

CITY COUNCIL MEETING

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL
DATE: October 1, 2024
FROM: THOMAS W. GAFFERY IV, Interim City Manager
SUBJECT: Actions pertaining to vacant buildings:
i. ADOPT Ordinance No. 2024-04 amending sections 5-

21.301, 5-21.302, and 5-21.303, and adding section 5-

21.304 to Chapter 21 of Title 5 of the Fowler Municipal Code regarding the regulation of vacant buildings within the City
ii. APPROVE Resolution No. 2745 adopting the Master Fee Schedule

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This ordinance amendment will provide necessary revisions to the City’s existing vacant buildings ordinance. Key changes include more specific window boarding requirements, enhanced posting requirements, disallowance of storage uses, and a fee for building vacant for more than 180 days.

BACKGROUND
This item was introduced at the May 7, 2024, City Council meeting and approved unanimously as amended by the members present. As a result, it is being placed on the consent calendar.

The City Council originally adopted Ordinance No. 2017-03 regarding vacant buildings. Staff researched vacant building ordinances at peer cities and developed an inventory of strategies that could be employed to streamline or improve the City’s current vacant buildings ordinance.

Key deficiencies addressed in this ordinance amendment include:
 Providing a clear definition of the word “vacant.”
 Creating additional requirements for vacant commercial and industrial properties.  Prohibiting boarded windows from being visible from the street.  Requiring contact and ownership information be posted on the front of the buildings.  Requiring posting of no trespassing signs.
 Requiring an intrusion alarm system on vacant commercial and industrial buildings.  Explicitly disallowing storage uses in vacant buildings.  Simplifying the Vacant Building Plan process.
95 Section 7, Item 7G.
 Implementing additional requirements and a mandatory annual fee for buildings that have been vacant for 180 days or longer.
 Removal of redundancies within the vacant building ordinance.

PUBLIC NOTICE
A pre-adoption notice was published in The Fresno Business Journal on September 25, 2024, which is at least 5 days prior to this meeting.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
This action does not constitute a “project” pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act.

GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
This action is consistent with:

Goal CDES-3
Downtown Fowler is preserved and enhanced as the primary cultural and civic core of the community.

Policy CDES-8
Promote the maintenance, restoration, and rehabilitation of historical resources and community identifiers through a variety of financial and development incentives.

Policy CDES-9
Encourage property to be maintained consistent with established community design standards.

Action Item CDES-9a
Review the adequacy of code enforcement and administrative citation procedures and revise and/or expand the program where necessary.

Policy CDES-11
Protect and enhance the downtown area as a critical element of Fowler’s identity and smalltown character.

Goal ED-4
Fowler maintains a supportive business climate that helps attract and retain new and existing businesses.

Policy ED-5
Discourage passive land uses, underutilization of land, and vacant structures on available commercial sites.

Action Item ED-5a
Establish a vacant properties ordinance which clarifies code enforcement responsibilities related to the maintenance of vacant land and structures. 96 Section 7, Item 7G.

Policy ED-6
Encourage activities that attract participants to Fowler and promote economic development.

Action Item ED-14a
Conduct an inventory of vacant and underutilized land designated for commercial and industrial uses and identify opportunities for predevelopment studies to help facilitate development of key sites.

FISCAL IMPACT
This action will result in increased recovery of code enforcement costs and increased funds from the collection of annual fees established by this ordinance amendment.

PROCUREMENT PROCESS
This item does not include any procurement action.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Staff is not aware of any conflicts of interest.

Attachment(s):
- Ordinance No. 2024-04
- Resolution No. 2745 and Exhibit A
97 Section 7, Item 7G.

Page 1 of 14 ends

ORDINANCE NO. 2024-04

AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FOWLER AMENDING ARTICLE 3 OF CHAPTER 21, OF TITLE 5 OF THE FOWLER MUNICIPAL CODE REGARDING THE REGULATION OF VACANT BUILDINGS WITHIN THE CITY.

WHEREAS, the City Council originally adopted Ordinance No. 2017-03 which enacted regulations regarding vacant buildings; and
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that vacant buildings contribute to visual blight, hamper economic development, and are a nuisance; and
WHEREAS, the City Council now desires to amend the Fowler Municipal Code for the purpose of providing further clarity, revising the requirements of property owners of vacant buildings, and enhancing the ability of the City to recover costs and hold property owners accountable for their vacant buildings.

NOW THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FOWLER DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1. Sections 5-21.301, 5-21-302, and 5-21-303 of Article 3, of Chapter 21, of Title 5 of the Fowler Municipal Code are hereby amended to read as follows:
5-21.301 Vacant Buildings; Nuisance and Abatement.

Vacant residential, commercial, and industrial buildings and all yards surrounding the such buildings must be maintained, actively monitored, and secured in accordance with the following standards provisions of this Article. Failure to comply with the provisions of this Article is a violation of the Fowler Municipal Code and or the property will be considered blighted and a nuisance subject to abatement and cost recovery pursuant to the procedures set forth in Chapters 22 and 23, of Title 5, and any other available enforcement mechanisms.

For the purpose of this Article, a vacant building means real property with one or more structures, whether residential, commercial, or industrial, that is/are unoccupied or 98 Section 7, Item 7G.

Page 2 of 14 ends

occupied by unauthorized persons. In the case of a multi-unit structure or complex, vacant shall mean when any one unit is unoccupied or occupied by unauthorized persons. All buildings that have been, or are expected to be, vacant for longer than thirty (30) consecutive days shall be considered vacant.
(a) Yard Maintenance. Maintain all yards visible from any public right-of way, and including interior yards visible from adjacent properties, in compliance with any applicable development permits, site plans, and landscape plans. If there are no applicable development permits, site plans, or landscape plans, maintain all interior yards (those that are not visible to the general public) in a safe condition, including keeping all plant materials controlled to avoid overgrowth; maintain all exterior yards (those that are visible to the general public), including park strips, with acceptable landscaping, installed and maintained in a trimmed, live and healthy condition. The requirements of this subsection to maintain live plant material shall not apply when inconsistent with the current demand reduction level as identified in the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
"Park Strip" means that portion of a street right-of-way which lies between the property line and the outside edge of a gutter or gutter lip, including a driveway approach. Where no curb exists, "park strip" shall mean the area of property from the property line to the edge of the pavement.

For commercial and industrial properties, acceptable landscaping means that at least fifty percent (50%) of the non-paved portions of the exterior yards visible from any public right-of-way, and including interior yards visible from 99 Section 7, Item 7G.

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adjacent properties (those that are visible to the general public) shall be covered with live trees, shrubs, lawns, or other live plant materials and the remaining portion of the non-paved portions of the exterior yards shall be covered with live trees, shrubs, lawns, or other live plant materials or shall have decorative landscaping installed so long as weed block is used where decorative landscaping is installed.

For residential properties, acceptable landscaping shall include any ground cover, decorative rock, redwood bark, lawn and/or other material determined to be acceptable or required by the Community Development Director of Planning and Development Services or his or her designee.
(b) Building Exterior. Maintain the exterior of the building, including, but not limited to, paint and finishes, in good condition.
(c) Broken Windows. Board up broken windows within twenty-four (24) hours and replace broken windows within seventy-two (72) hours, subject to the provisions of subsection (g). (d) Trash and Debris. Remove all trash and debris within seventy-two (72) hours of their placement or abandonment on the property.
(e) Compliance with Laws. Maintain the building in continuing compliance with all applicable state and local codes and regulations and any applicable City issued permits. (f) Prevention of Criminal Activity. Take all reasonable steps necessary to prevent criminal activity on the premises, including, but not limited to, the use and sale of controlled substances, prostitution and criminal street gang activity. (g) Secure Property. Secure the property, both structure and grounds, against trespassers, including maintaining all windows and doors with locks, replacing all broken doors or 100
Section 7, Item 7G.

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windows, and securing any other openings into the structure which are readily accessible to trespassers by boarding or such other means as shall be accepted by the Community Development Director of Planning and Development Services. For purposes of securing the building and grounds, boarding-up windows and doors openings, and fully fencing the property, shall be a disfavored technique and may only be used when it is determined by the Director that no other reasonable alternative exists. Securing window openings that are visible from any public right of way shall be done only with a rigid transparent material such as clear Lexan type material with a minimum of 3/8 to 1/2 inch thickness. No opaque (typically plywood) boarding materials shall be used where visible from a public right of way. Properly maintained buildings and grounds should discourage trespassers. Alternative security measures are also available. When a building is boarded or the property fenced, the owner shall comply with standards established by the Director. (h) Graffiti. Remove all graffiti on the property within forty-eight (48) hours of placement on the property.
(i) Nuisances. Maintain the property free from any Nuisances as defined by this Code. (j) Fire Hazards. Maintain the property free of all fire hazards. (k) Fire Damaged Residential Buildings. Fire damaged residential buildings that are not safe or legal to occupy shall be either demolished or fully repaired within ninety (90) days of the occurrence of the fire. The Director may grant an extension, not to exceed ninety (90) days at a time, if satisfactory documentation is provided to show the property owner has continued to made good faith efforts to demolish or fully repair the property. 101
Section 7, Item 7G.

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(l) Grace Period. Owners of newly acquired vacant buildings shall have sixty (60) days from the date of legal possession of the building to come into compliance with this Article. The Director may grant an extension, not to exceed sixty (60) days at a time, if documentation is provided to the satisfaction of the Director showing any delay in compliance is of no fault of the property owner.
(m) Contact Posting. Vacant property owners shall post a sign no smaller than 18 by 24 inches on the front of the exterior building or structure so it is legible from the public right of way, with the following information: (i) the statement that "THIS PROPERTY IS MANAGED BY" with the appropriate name of the property owner, responsible party, or property management company inserted and "TO REPORT PROBLEMS OR CONCERNS CALL" with the twenty-four hour telephone number listed; and (ii) the statement “THIS PROPERTY IS OWNED BY” and the name and address of the owner. The sign shall be constructed and printed with weather resistant materials. (n) Trespassing Posting. Vacant property owners shall post a minimum of one (1) "No Trespassing" sign in accordance with the Fowler Police Department requirements. The sign must be at least 17 by 22 inches in size, with lettering no smaller than 1 inch in height. (o) Special Provisions for Vacant Commercial Buildings. (i) Fire Protection. Owners of vacant commercial buildings shall maintain in good working order a fire protection system, where required, in accordance with all applicable codes and ordinances, as determined by the Building Official. (ii) Intrusion Alarm Monitoring. Owners of vacant commercial buildings shall install and maintain in good working order a security system such that breaches of any 102
Section 7, Item 7G.

Page 6 of 14 ends

doors or windows, or the presence of intruders, alert the property owner, a property manager, and/or a security company, so that intruders may be removed. (iii) Storage. The interior of any vacant commercial building must be cleared of all combustible materials, trash, junk, garbage, debris, and personal possessions, in order to eliminate any fire or health hazard.
5-21.302 Vacant Buildings; Vacant Building Plan.

For vacant properties, the City Manager or his or her designee Community Development Director may issue an Order to Submit a Vacant Building Plan to the property owner, or other responsible party if known, and require the payment of a fee as required under this section. (a) Vacant Building Plan. The Vacant Building Plan shall include the following information and shall be submitted within thirty (30) days of service of the Order:
(1) Name and address of person submitting the Vacant Building Plan; (2) Name and address of all property owners of the subject property; (3) The name and address of a local agent, if the property owner(s) is/are not local, that the City Manager Director may contact related to enforcement of this Article; (4) The expected period of vacancy;
(5) A plan to make any buildings ready for occupancy that could not be legally occupied under State and local law at the time of submission of the plan; (6) If required by the Director City Manager a plan to either occupy, sell, lease, or demolish the building within one hundred eighty (180) days or such other time as determined reasonable by the Director City Manager under the circumstances; 103
Section 7, Item 7G.

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(7) A plan for actively monitoring, maintaining and securing the property and otherwise complying with this Article;
(8) A letter of written consent by the property owner(s) to the City Manager to allowing City code enforcement inspectors periodically to enter the property for inspections consistent to enforce ensure compliance with the provisions of this Article; (9) Any other information as may be required by the Director to ensure compliance with the provisions of City Manager in rules and regulations adopted by the Manager under this Article.
(b) Exception. If the Vacant Building will be occupied within thirty (30) days of service of the Notice Order described in this section, the owner or other responsible party may notify the Director City Manager in writing of this fact and the owner will be excused from submitting a Vacant Building Plan.
(c) Vacant Building Plan Fee. When a property owner is ordered to submit a Vacant Building Plan by the City Manager they shall also be required to pay a fee, not to exceed the costs of the City to monitor or inspect the building and to review and approve the Vacant Building Plan. The City Manager shall have discretion to determine the number of inspections required to monitor the subject building upon submission of the plan, based upon the type and condition of the property, and the history of violations at the subject property. The amount of the fee shall be as follows:
(1) No fee shall be charged for the initial Vacant Building Plan; (2) Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) for a second Vacant Building Plan; (3) Eight Hundred Dollars ($800.00) for a third Vacant Building Plan; 104
Section 7, Item 7G.

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(4) One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) for a fourth and subsequent Vacant Building Plan.
(c) Recording. The Vacant Building Plan shall may be recorded and indexed in the grantorgrantee index in the Fresno County Recorder's Office and shall be released by the City Manager when he or she determines that the property is no longer vacant. Any fees or costs associated with recording the Vacant Building Plan or filing a release from the Vacant Building Plan shall be the responsibility of the property owner and collectible under the cost recovery provisions of this Article.
(d) Appeal. An Order to Submit a Vacant Building Plan and/or a decision by the Director City Manager rejecting a Vacant Building Plan are appealable in accordance with the procedures set forth in Chapter 22 section 9.30.100 of the City’s Zoning Ordinance. except that both an Order to Submit a Vacant Building Plan and a rejection of a Vacant Building Plan must be appealed within fifteen (15) days from service of the notice of the order or rejection.
(e) Approved Plan. A Vacant Building Plan is enforceable immediately upon notice to the property owner of the approval of the Vacant Building Plan until the Director City Manager releases the property from the approved Vacant Building Plan. An approved plan shall be valid for no more than one (1) year hundred eighty (180) days from the date of its approval.

If a plan expires after one hundred eighty (180) days and the City Manager has not yet released the property from the approved Vacant Building Plan, the Property Owner is automatically required to seek approval of a new Vacant Building Plan and pay a fee for that renewal as set forth in Subsection (c).
105
Section 7, Item 7G.

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(g) Non-compliance. Failure by the property owner to submit a Vacant Building Plan or comply with a Vacant Building Plan that has been approved by the City Manager under this section or pay a fee as required under this section is a violation of the Code, subject to the abatement and cost recovery procedures set forth in Chapters 22 and 23 and any other available enforcement mechanisms.
(f) Transfer of Vacant Building. The transferee of a vacant building is subject to the requirements of this section. If the property is subject to a Vacant Building Plan and the plan has been properly recorded with the County Recorder's Office, the transferee is subject to the terms of the Vacant Building Plan. The transferee may apply to the City Manager to be released from the requirements of the Vacant Building Plan. It shall be in the City Manager's discretion to grant such an application. The City Manager's decision shall be final.
(h) Service. Service of an Order to Submit a Vacant Building Plan, notice of rejection, or approval of a Vacant Building Plan shall be made on the property owner, or other responsible party if known, by personal service or first class mail. Where known, a copy may also be provided by email.
5-21.303 Registration of Vacant Foreclosed Properties.
(a) Scope of Section. This section shall apply to all vacant properties in the City of Fowler that have come within ownership or control of a trustee or beneficiary as a result of the default of the a borrower and/or the foreclosure process. This section shall also apply to properties where the deed of trust was transferred to the beneficiary of a deed of trust involved in the foreclosure and any properties transferred under a deed in lieu of foreclosure/sale. 106
Section 7, Item 7G.

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(b) Registration of Property. Any trustee or beneficiary holding a deed of trust on a property located within the City of Fowler shall inspect the property that is the security for the deed of trust, upon default by the trustor, prior to recording notice of default with the Fresno County Recorder. If the property is found to be vacant, as described by section 5-21.301, itsuch property is deemed to fall within the provisions of this section and shall be registered with the City Manager or his or her designee within ten (10) days of inspection. If the property is occupied at the time of inspection, it shall be inspected on a monthly basis until (i) the default is remedied by the trustor or other party or (ii) the property is found to be vacant, at which time it shall be registered with the City within ten (10) days of finding the property to be vacant.
(c) Registration Fee. An annual registration fee as set by Resolution of the City Council shall accompany the registration form. The fee and registration shall be valid for the calendar year, or remaining portion of the calendar year, in which the registration was initially required. Subsequent registrations and fees are due January 1 of each year and must be received by the City no later than January 31 of the year due. (d) Registration Process. Registration shall be made in writing to the City Manager. The trustee or beneficiary shall provide the following information to the City Manager:
(1) Name, address, and telephone number of the trustee and/or beneficiary; (2) Address and assessor's parcel number of the vacant property; (3) Name, address, and telephone number of the property maintenance company responsible for the property, if applicable;
107
Section 7, Item 7G.

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(4) Name, address, and telephone number of all known lien holders and/or individuals with ownership interest or other legal interest in the property; (5) If no trustee or beneficiary resides within the County of Fresno, the name, address, and phone number of a party residing within the County of Fresno who shall be designated as the local responsible party or agent for the purposes of notification in the event of an emergency affecting the public health, safety, or welfare and for purposes of service of process or any notices associated with registration of the property; (6) Provide express authorization for City employees to enter the property for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Article. The primary purpose of this authorization is to provide consent for City employees to access the exterior of the property to inspect and/or abate. City employees will not enter the interior of the structure unless the health, safety and/or welfare of the public is at risk.
(e) Duration of Registration. Registration of a vacant property shall be valid for one (1) year from the date of registering such property with the City Manager. The trustee and/or beneficiary shall renew the registration of the property annually prior to the expiration of the current registration.
(f) Maintenance Requirements. Properties registered pursuant to this section shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of this Article. (g) Posting. The property shall be posted with a sign indicating the name and a 24-hour telephone number for the trustee/beneficiary or property management company responsible for maintenance and security of the property. The sign shall read substantially as follows: "This property is managed by [ ]. To report problems or concerns call []." The 108
Section 7, Item 7G.

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sign shall be visible from the street and located at the front of the property. The sign shall be placed on the interior of a window, affixed to the exterior of the structure, or on a stake placed in the front yard. Exterior posting shall be constructed on and printed with weather resistant material.
(h) Enforcement. Failure to comply with the provisions of this section is a violation of the Municipal Code and subject to the abatement and cost recovery procedures set forth in Chapters 22 and 23 and any other available enforcement mechanisms.

SECTION 2. Section 5-21.304 is hereby added to Article 3, of Chapter 21, of Title 5 of the Fowler Municipal Code to read as follows:
5-21.304 Commercial Buildings Vacant More Than 180 Days. (a) For commercial buildings that are vacant for more than 180 days in a calendar year, substantial evidence must be provided, to the reasonable satisfaction of the Community Development Director, that at least one (1) of the following applies:
(i) Active Construction. A permit has been issued, entitlement granted, or diligent progress continues to obtain such entitlements, in order to repair or rehabilitate the property.
(ii) Active Marketing. The property contains no Fowler Municipal Code violations, is ready for occupancy, and is actively being offered for sale, lease, or rent. (iii) Active Maintenance. The property is being actively maintained and monitored in accordance with this Article and the Fowler Municipal Code. 109
Section 7, Item 7G.

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(iv) Insurance. The Owner shall maintain fire and liability insurance coverage as determined necessary by the Director. Any insurance policy shall require advanced, written notice to the Director in the event of cancellation of insurance or a reduction in coverage. (b) Fee Imposed. There is imposed upon every owner of commercial buildings that are vacant more than 180 days in a calendar year, an annual vacant commercial building monitoring fee as approved by Resolution to cover the estimated reasonable cost to the City for monitoring the vacant commercial building and ensuring compliance with the requirements of this article. The fee may be billed and mailed to the owner of the property, or other responsible party, if known. Any owner aggrieved by the fee may appeal the decision in accordance with section 9.30.100 of the City’s Zoning Ordinance. Any unpaid fees imposed pursuant to this section may be recovered by the City in accordance with Chapter 23 of Title 5 of the City Municipal Code, including by special assessment and lien.

SECTION 3. The City Council has determined that the Ordinance does not constitute a “project” for the purposes of environmental review under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15378.

SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall become effective and in full force and effect at 12:01 a.m. on the thirty-first (31) day after its adoption.

SECTION 5. The City Clerk is further directed to cause this ordinance or a summary of this ordinance to be published once in a newspaper of general circulation published and circulated within the City of Fowler, within fifteen (15) days after its adoption. If a summary of the ordinance is published, then the City Clerk shall cause a certified copy of the full text of the proposed ordinance to be posted in the office of the City Clerk at least five (5) days prior to the City Council meeting at which the ordinance is adopted and again after the meeting at which the ordinance is adopted. The summary shall be approved by the City Attorney. 110
Section 7, Item 7G.

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The foregoing ordinance was introduced at a regular meeting of the City Council held on the September 17, 2024, and was adopted at a regular meeting of said Council held on October 1, 2024, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

APPROVED:
___________________________
Daniel T. Parra, Mayor
ATTEST:
____________________________
Angela Vasquez, City Clerk
111
Section 7, Item 7G.

RESOLUTION NO. 2745

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FOWLER AMENDING

THE MASTER FEE SCHEDULE RELATED TO VACANT BUILDINGS
WHEREAS, the City Council originally adopted Ordinance No. 2017-03 which enacted regulations regarding vacant buildings; and
WHEREAS, the City Council finds that vacant buildings contribute to visual blight, hamper economic development, and are a nuisance; and
WHEREAS, with Ordinance No. 2024-04, the City Council amended the Fowler Municipal Code for the purpose of providing further clarity, revising the requirements of property owners of vacant buildings, and enhancing the ability of the City to recover costs and hold property owners accountable for their vacant buildings; and
WHEREAS, the fee set forth in Exhibit A reflects the estimated reasonable cost to the City for monitoring the vacant commercial building and ensuring compliance with the requirements of the Fowler Municipal Code; and
WHEREAS, it is in the best interest of the City in order to promote the public safety of Fowler residents that the City Council adopt these fees.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Fowler that the fees as shown in Exhibit A are hereby adopted.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 1st day of October 2024, at a regular meeting of the Fowler City Council by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

APPROVED:
___________________________
Daniel T. Parra
Mayor
ATTEST:
____________________________
Angela Vasquez
City Clerk
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Section 7, Item 7G.

Description Rate Reso Date
Commercial buildings vacant more than 180 days, annually (FMC 5-21.304(b)) ^ $1,000.00 2745 10/1/2024 ^ Adjusted on July 1 annually based on a 12 month percentage change in the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index (CPI) series "All items in San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA, urban wage earners and clerical workers, not seasonally adjusted" for the most current month data is available. Rounded to the nearest whole dollar.

EXHIBIT A

CITY OF FOWLER
Master Fee Schedule
* * Community & Economic Development * *
Code Enforcement
PW - Water 1/1 113
Section 7, Item 7G.

CITY COUNCIL MEETING

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL
DATE: October 1, 2024
FROM: DAWN E. MARPLE, City Planner
SUBJECT: Actions pertaining to the 2023-2031 Housing Element:
i. Conduct a public hearing; and,
ii. APPROVE Resolution No. 2746 finding that the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element is consistent with the scope of the 2040 General Plan EIR (SCH No.
2021110053) and adopting the City of Fowler 2023-2031
Housing Element

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City has prepared a draft update to the Housing Element of the City’s General Plan to affirmatively further fair housing and accommodate the 339-unit Regional Housing Needs Allocation (“RHNA”) for the 2023-2031 Housing Element cycle. The content of the draft 2023 – 2031 Housing Element is structured for consistency with the requirements set forth in state law.

In addition to responding to requirements of state law, the Housing Element also demonstrates the City’s strategy to meet its locally determined housing needs, and that these needs are addressed through goals, policies, and programs outlined within the City’s Housing Element.

Public review and input have been critical components of this 6th Cycle Housing Element Update.

The Planning Commission recommended approval of the Housing Element at its September 5, 2024, meeting.

BACKGROUND
The Housing Element is one of eight required elements of the General Plan. (Gov. Code § 65580, et. seq.) State law requires cities and counties to update their Housing Elements every eight years. The current housing cycle for jurisdictions within Fresno County is the 6th Cycle and covers a planning period of 2023-2031. The deadline for adoption of the 6th Cycle Housing Element was December 31, 2023. While the City of Fowler’s housing element would be adopted after this deadline, there have been numerous additional changes and challenges during this housing element update cycle that have increased the amount of time needed to complete the 6th Cycle update. The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), having initiated these changes, acknowledges the difficulty in meeting the adoption deadline.

Prior to a jurisdiction adopting its housing element, state law requires that HCD review housing elements for compliance with state law. HCD certifies housing elements it finds to be in compliance. The City Council and the Planning Commission reviewed the City of Fowler Draft 114
Section , Item 9A.
6th Cycle Housing Element at a joint public meeting held on June 20, 2023, meeting. The City subsequently submitted the Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element to HCD for review on September 28, 2023. HCD provided formal comments on December 26, 2023, requesting revisions be made to the Housing Element for compliance with state law.

After making revisions in response to HCD comments outlined in the December 26, 2023, comment letter, the City resubmitted a revised Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element to HCD for review on March 15, 2024. HCD provided additional formal comments on the revised Draft Housing Element on May 14, 2024, requesting additional revisions to the document. After making additional revisions to the Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element in response to HCD comments, a revised Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element was submitted to HCD for review on July 23, 2024. HCD provided a conditional compliance letter dated August 7, 2024, finding that the City’s Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element had been revised in compliance with the statutory requirements of State Housing Element Law (see Attachment 3). Following adoption of the 6th Cycle Housing Element, the City is required to submit the adopted Housing Element to HCD for certification.

Staff presented the Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element to the Planning Commission at a public hearing on September 5, 2024. No public comment on the document was received. The Planning Commission recommended the City Council adopt the Housing Element.

State General Plan Law
Government Code (Gov. Code) section 65300 requires cities and counties within the San Joaquin Valley to adopt and maintain a General Plan with eight mandatory elements: Land Use, Circulation, Housing, Conservation, Open Space, Noise, Safety, and Environmental Justice.

Housing Elements
Gov. Code sections 65580 through 65589.11 specify the required contents for housing elements and the update schedule. The housing element must identify and analyze a jurisdiction’s existing and projected housing needs to ensure adequate housing exists for all economic segments of the community. As previously noted, HCD must review and certify housing elements to ensure compliance with state law.

Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element
The Fresno Multi-Jurisdictional 2023-2031 Housing Element is a regional housing document that effectively acts as the state-mandated housing element for all participating jurisdictions.

Participating jurisdictions include the County of Fresno and the cities of Coalinga, Firebaugh, Fowler, Fresno, Huron, Kerman, Kingsburg, Mendota, Orange Cove, Parlier, Reedley, San Joaquin, Sanger, and Selma.

The Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element is a single document, made up of two sections: 1) the regional chapters comprised of Sections 0-6 of the document, which describe demographics, housing needs, resources, and constraints at a regional level and includes goals and policies common to all participating jurisdictions; and 2) individual appendices, which contain details for each participating jurisdiction (i.e., site inventory, governmental constraints, evaluation of existing Housing Element) and individual implementation programs.

The City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element describes the housing needs in the City, identifies available sites for housing development, explains potential barriers to housing production, and contains the proposed programs to address the City’s housing needs. The City of Fowler 6th Cycle Housing Element before the City Council for consideration is comprised of 115
Section , Item 9A.
the regional chapters and Appendix 1D of the Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element (see Exhibit A to Attachment 4, Planning Commission Resolution No. 705).

Analysis
The Fresno Council of Governments adopted its final RHNA Plan in November of 2022. The plan included the final RHNA allocation of 339 units for the City of Fowler. Of these units, suballocations by income category included 94 very low-income units, 57 low-income units, 47 moderate-income units, and 141 above moderate-income units. The 6th Cycle Housing Element outlines how the City’s RHNA allocation can be met, as well as how the City can affirmatively further fair housing within the City, improving housing choice and access for all residents of the City regardless of demographic and socioeconomic status. As discussed above, the City Council and Planning Commission reviewed the Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element at its joint public meeting on June 20, 2023. Subsequent to the meeting, and through working with HCD to bring the draft Housing Element into compliance with State Housing Element Law, revisions were made to the document. HCD comment letters, dated December 26, 2023, and April 26, 2024 (see Attachments 1 and 2), resulted in revisions to the Housing Element and have been included as attachments to this staff report.

The revisions were found to be satisfactory by HCD and resulted in a conditional compliance letter dated August 7, 2024, stating that the City’s Draft 6th Cycle Housing Element will be in full compliance with State law once it has been adopted by the City Council (see Attachment 3).

PUBLIC NOTICE
A Notice of Public Hearing was published in The Business Journal on September 20, 2024, which is at least ten (10) days prior to the public hearing. It was also posted at City Hall and on the City’s website.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
Staff has found that the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element is within the scope of the 2040 General Plan EIR (SCH No. 2021110053), and therefore no additional environmental review under CEQA is necessary. (See Cal. Code Regs., Tit. 14, §§ 15162, subd. (a) and 15183, subd. (a).) A Notice of Determination will be filed with the County Clerk and the State Clearinghouse.

GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
This action is consistent with:

General Plan Goal LU-2
A wide range of housing types are available to accommodate all housing needs in the community.

General Plan Policy CH-15
Increase awareness of and participation in affordable housing programs and programs that assist in offsetting other living costs such as food and transportation.

General Plan Policy ED-11
Work with housing providers and the development industry to ensure local housing opportunities support the needs of the local workforce.
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FISCAL IMPACT AND PROCUREMENT PROCESS
The draft 6th Cycle Housing Element was prepared by a group of consultants selected through a competitive process by Fresno COG. This activity was funded in part by General Fund dollars and Regional Early Action Planning (REAP) funds programmed by Fresno COG. While the project has been partially funded through the General Fund, non-compliance with State Housing Element Law could result in penalties to the City that would significantly affect the City’s ability to obtain grant funding in the future.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There is no perceived conflict of interest. Although approval of the Housing Element would have an effect on each of the City Councilmembers as citizens of Fowler; however, as the proposed amendments are being applied Citywide, any financial effect on the City Council would be indistinguishable from the general public. (Cal. Code Regs., Tit. 2, § 18703, subd. (a).) Attachments
- Attachment 1: HCD Comment Letter, December 26, 2023
- Attachment 2: HCD Comment Letter, May 14, 2024
- Attachment 3: HCD Conditional Compliance Letter, August 7, 2024 - Attachment 4: Planning Commission Resolution No. 705
- Attachment 5: Resolution No. 2746
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA - BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

DIVISION OF HOUSING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2020 W. El Camino Avenue, Suite 500
Sacramento, CA 95833
(916) 263-2911 / FAX (916) 263-7453
www.hcd.ca.gov
December 26, 2023
Dawn E. Marple, City Planner
Planning and Community Development Department
City of Fowler
128 S. 5th Street,
Fowler, CA 93625
Dear Dawn E. Marple:

RE: City of Fowler’s 6th Cycle (2023-2031) Draft Housing Element Thank you for submitting the City of Fowler’s (City) draft housing element received for review on September 28, 2023. Pursuant to Government Code section 65585, the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is reporting the results of its review. In addition, HCD considered comments from David Kellogg, pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (c).

The draft element addresses many statutory requirements; however, revisions will be necessary to substantially comply with State Housing Element Law (Gov. Code, § 65580 et seq). The enclosed Appendix describes the revisions needed to comply with State Housing Element Law.

Public participation in the development, adoption and implementation of the housing element is essential to effective housing planning. Throughout the housing element process, the City should continue to engage the community, including organizations that represent lower-income and special needs households, by making information regularly available and considering and incorporating comments where appropriate. Please be aware, any revisions to the element must be posted on the local government’s website and to email a link to all individuals and organizations that have previously requested notices relating to the local government’s housing element at least seven days before submitting to HCD.

For your information, pursuant to Assembly Bill 1398 (Chapter 358, Statutes of 2021), if a local government fails to adopt a compliant housing element within 120 days of the statutory deadline (December 31, 2023), then any rezoning to make prior identified sites available or accommodate the regional housing needs allocation (RHNA) shall be completed no later than one year from the statutory deadline pursuant to Government Code sections 65583, subdivision (c)(1) and 65583.2, subdivision (c). Otherwise, the local government’s housing element will no longer comply with State Housing Element 118
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Dawn E. Marple, City Planner

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Law, and HCD may revoke its finding of substantial compliance pursuant to Government Code section 65585, subdivision (i). Please be aware, if the City fails to adopt a compliant housing element within one year from the statutory deadline, the element cannot be found in substantial compliance until these rezones are completed.

Several federal, state, and regional funding programs consider housing element compliance as an eligibility or ranking criteria. For example, the CalTrans Senate Bill (SB) 1 Sustainable Communities grant, the Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities program, and HCD’s Permanent Local Housing Allocation consider housing element compliance and/or annual reporting requirements pursuant to Government Code section 65400. With a compliant housing element, the City will meet housing element requirements for these and other funding sources.

For your information, some general plan element updates are triggered by housing element adoption. HCD reminds the City to consider timing provisions and welcomes the opportunity to provide assistance. For information, please see the Technical Advisories issued by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research at:
https://www.opr.ca.gov/planning/general-plan/guidelines.html.

HCD appreciates the hard work and dedication the City’s housing element team provided during the review. We are committed to assisting the City in addressing all statutory requirements of State Housing Element Law. If you have any questions or need additional technical assistance, please contact Laurissa Wells, of our staff, at [email protected].

Sincerely,
Paul McDougall
Senior Program Manager
Enclosure
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APPENDIX

CITY OF FOWLER
The following changes are necessary to bring the City’s housing element into compliance with Article 10.6 of the Government Code. Accompanying each recommended change, we cite the supporting section of the Government Code.

Housing element technical assistance information is available on HCD’s website at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-community-development/hcd-memos. Among other resources, the housing element section contains HCD’s latest technical assistance tool, Building Blocks for Effective Housing Elements (Building Blocks), available at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-community-development/housing-elements/buildingblocks and includes the Government Code addressing State Housing Element Law and other resources.

A. Review and Revision
Review the previous element to evaluate the appropriateness, effectiveness, and progress in implementation, and reflect the results of this review in the revised element. (Gov. Code, § 65588 (a) and (b).)
As part of the review of programs in the past cycle, the element must provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of goals, policies, and related actions in meeting the housing needs of special needs populations (e.g., elderly, persons with disabilities, large households, female headed households, farmworkers, and persons experiencing homelessness).

B. Housing Needs, Resources, and Constraints

1. Include an analysis of population and employment trends and documentation of projections and a quantification of the locality's existing and projected needs for all income levels, including extremely low-income households. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(1).)
Analyze any special housing needs such as elderly; persons with disabilities, including a developmental disability; large families; farmworkers; families with female heads of households; and families and persons in need of emergency shelter. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(7).)
Housing Needs and Special Needs Assessment: The element includes a quantification of housing needs, including special needs for the region and some reporting of demographics for the City. While this quantification is generally adequate, the element should analyze the quantification to better understand housing needs and formulate appropriate policies and programs for the City. For example, this analysis should address trends, characteristics, magnitude of needs, resources and potential strategies 120
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and should at least be conducted for population growth, employment, tenure, overpayment, overcrowding, housing unit types, and special needs households.

2. An inventory of land suitable and available for residential development, including vacant sites and sites having realistic and demonstrated potential for redevelopment during the planning period to meet the locality’s housing need for a designated income level, and an analysis of the relationship of zoning and public facilities and services to these sites. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(3).)
Realistic Capacity: While the element provides assumptions of buildout for sites included in the inventory, it must also provide support for these assumptions. For example, the element should demonstrate what specific trends, factors, and other evidence led to the assumptions. The estimate of the number of units for each site must be adjusted as necessary, based on the land use controls and site improvements, typical densities of existing or approved residential developments at a similar affordability level in that jurisdiction, and on the current or planned availability and accessibility of sufficient water, sewer, and dry utilities. The element should also analyze the likelihood that the identified units will be developed as noted in the inventory in zones that allow 100 percent nonresidential uses (e.g., commercial). This analysis should consider the likelihood of nonresidential development, performance standards, and development trends, accounting for 100 percent nonresidential development.

Suitability of Nonvacant Sites: While the element relies primarily on vacant sites to accommodate the regional housing needs allocation (RHNA), the element includes a site that is noted as “partially vacant”. The element should provide a brief description of the existing uses on the parcel and evaluate the extent existing uses impede additional residential development.

Small and Large Sites: Sites larger than ten acres in size or smaller than a half-acre in size are deemed inadequate to accommodate housing for lower-income households unless it is demonstrated, with sufficient evidence, that sites are suitable to accommodate housing for lower-income households. For small sites, the element must provide specific examples with the densities, affordability and, if applicable, circumstances leading to consolidation, including any common ownership of parcels.

The element should relate these examples to the sites identified to accommodate the RHNA for lower-income households to demonstrate that these sites can adequately accommodate the City’s lower-income housing need. For large sites, the element must provide evidence to demonstrate the suitability of sites larger than 10 acres (Site Number 3) to accommodate housing for lower-income households. The evidence could include additional discussion on how development might occur on the sites, analysis of prior redevelopment of large sites for affordable housing, or other evidence to demonstrate the suitability of these sites. Based on a complete analysis, the City should consider adding or revising programs to include incentives for facilitating development on small and large sites at appropriate sizes for lower-income households.

Sites Identified in Prior Planning Periods: While the sites inventory denotes which sites from prior planning periods are used to accommodate the RHNA in the current cycle, 121
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City of Fowler’s 6th Cycle Draft Housing Element Page 3 December 26, 2023
the element must also include a program to ensure that the sites are rezoned to meet all the requirements set forth in Government Code section 65583.2, subdivision (c).

Infrastructure: The element includes some discussion on water providers in the City.

However, it must also clarify whether sufficient total water capacity (existing and planned) can accommodate the regional housing need and include programs if necessary.

Please see HCD’s housing element webpage at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-andcommunity-development/housing-elements for a copy of the form and instructions. The City can reach out to HCD at [email protected] for technical assistance.

Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types (Emergency Shelters): The City does not appear to identify existing zoning that permit emergency shelters by-right (without discretionary action). Subsequent draft submissions must comply with the requirements of Chapter 654, Statutes of 2022 (AB 2339). Among other things, the element should clarify shelters are permitted without discretionary action in a zone that allows a residential use and discuss available capacity, calculate the capacity available on sites to accommodate emergency shelters, and proximity to transportation and services.

Secondly, the element must demonstrate the permit processing, development, and management standards for emergency shelters are objective, encourage and facilitate the development of, or conversion to, emergency shelters, and are in accordance with Government Code section 65583, subdivision (a)(4)(A) and add or modify a program to comply with this requirement. Lastly, the element must add or modify a program to update the definition of emergency shelters to include, for example, other interim interventions.

3. An analysis of potential and actual governmental constraints upon the maintenance, improvement, or development of housing for all income levels, including the types of housing identified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c), and for persons with disabilities as identified in the analysis pursuant to paragraph (7), including land use controls, building codes and their enforcement, site improvements, fees and other exactions required of developers, and local processing and permit procedures... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(5).)
Land Use Controls: The element must identify and analyze all relevant land use controls impacts as potential constraints on a variety of housing types. The analysis should analyze land use controls independently and cumulatively with other land use controls.

The analysis should specifically address requirements related to parking, heights, lot coverage and limits on allowable densities. The analysis should address any impacts on cost, supply, housing choice, affordability, timing, approval certainty and ability to achieve maximum densities and include programs to address identified constraints. 122
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Fees and Exaction: While the element includes some general discussion about fees, including a recent survey of jurisdictions in California, it should list and evaluate planning fees and all fees, including impact fees, for a typical single family and multifamily development. The evaluation of fees for typical developments should list the various fees and evaluate the cumulative impact on total development costs. For additional information, please see other jurisdictions in the Fresno Council of Government Multijurisdictional Housing Element (e.g., Reedley).

Codes and Enforcement: The element must describe and analyze which building code (e.g., 2022) is enforced, any local amendments to the building code and their enforcement for impacts on housing supply and affordability. For additional information and a sample analysis, see the Building Blocks at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-andcommunity-development/housing-elements/building-blocks/codes-and-enforcementand-onsite-offsite-improvement-standards.

Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities: For your information, zoning should simply implement a barrier-free definition of family instead of subjecting, potentially persons with disabilities, to special regulations such as the number of persons, population types and licenses. While the element includes Program 14 (Zoning Ordinance Amendments), it should closely examine zoning and permit procedures for group homes for six or fewer persons and seven or more persons for potential constraints on housing for persons with disabilities to better formulate specific commitment to address identified constraints. For example, these housing types should not be excluded from residential zones, most notably low-density zones, which can constrain the availability of housing choices for persons with disabilities. Requiring these housing types to obtain a special use or conditional use permit (CUP) could potentially subject housing for persons with disabilities to higher discretionary standards where an applicant must demonstrate compatibility with the neighborhood, unlike other residential uses. The element should analyze constraints on housing for persons with disabilities and modify Program 14 (Zoning Ordinance Amendments) with specific commitment to address identified constraints.

C. Housing Programs

1. Identify actions that will be taken to make sites available during the planning period with appropriate zoning and development standards and with services and facilities to accommodate that portion of the city’s or county’s share of the regional housing need for each income level that could not be accommodated on sites identified in the inventory completed pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) without rezoning, and to comply with the requirements of Government Code section 65584.09. Sites shall be identified as needed to facilitate and encourage the development of a variety of types of housing for all income levels, including multifamily rental housing, factory-built housing, mobilehomes, housing for agricultural employees, supportive housing, single-room occupancy units, emergency shelters, and transitional housing. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(1).)
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As noted in Finding B2, the element does not include a complete site analysis, therefore, the adequacy of sites and zoning were not established. Based on the results of a complete sites inventory and analysis, the City may need to add or revise programs to address a shortfall of sites or zoning available to encourage a variety of housing types.

2. The Housing Element shall contain programs which assist in the development of adequate housing to meet the needs of extremely low-, very low-, low- and moderateincome households. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(2).) Program 7 (Support Funding for Farmworker Housing): The Program should expand upon actions, such as adding additional proactive actions (e.g., identifying development opportunities at least twice in the planning period) to support the development of housing for farmworkers.

3. Address and, where appropriate and legally possible, remove governmental and nongovernmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing, including housing for all income levels and housing for persons with disabilities. The program shall remove constraints to, and provide reasonable accommodations for housing designed for, intended for occupancy by, or with supportive services for, persons with disabilities. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(3).) As noted in Finding B3, the element requires a complete analysis of potential governmental constraints. Depending upon the results of that analysis, the City may need to revise or add programs and address and remove or mitigate any identified constraints.

4. Promote and affirmatively further fair housing opportunities and promote housing throughout the community or communities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, color, familial status, or disability, and other characteristics... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(5).)
The element must be revised to add or modify to specifically respond to the analysis and to the identified and prioritized contributing factors to fair housing issues and must be significant and meaningful enough to overcome identified patterns and trends.

Actions must have specific commitment, geographic targeting, metrics or numerical objectives and milestones as appropriate and must address housing mobility enhancement, new housing choices and affordability in high opportunity areas, placebased strategies for community preservation and revitalization and displacement protection. Specifically, the element should add actions to promote housing mobility (housing choices and affordability) in relatively higher-income areas and place-based strategies toward community revitalization in relatively lower-income areas, including addressing environmental conditions. In addition, the following programs should be revised:
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• Program 6 (Affordable Housing Incentives): The Program should increase the metric and include a metric for promoting housing choices and affordability in relatively higher-income areas (e.g., at least 50 percent of 50 units in relatively higher-income areas).
• Program 11 (Encourage Accessory Units): The Program should increase the metric and include a metric for promoting housing choices and affordability in relatively higher-income areas.
• Program 20 (Housing and Rental Rehabilitation): The Program should increase the metric and include a metric for rehabilitation in relatively lower-income areas. • Program 21 (Code Enforcement): The Program should increase the metric and include a metric for rehabilitation in relatively lower-income areas.

D. Public Participation
Local governments shall make a diligent effort to achieve public participation of all economic segments of the community in the development of the Housing Element, and the element shall describe this effort. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd.(c)(9).) While the City made considerable effort to include the public through workshops and surveys, moving forward, the City should employ additional methods for public outreach efforts in the future, particularly to include lower-income and special needs households. For example, the City could conduct targeted stakeholder interviews or establish a committee representative of lower-income households in future public outreach efforts. For additional information, see the Building Blocks at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-communitydevelopment/housing-elements/building-blocks/public-participation. 125
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA - BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

DIVISION OF HOUSING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2020 W. El Camino Avenue, Suite 500
Sacramento, CA 95833
(916) 263-2911 / FAX (916) 263-7453
www.hcd.ca.gov
May 14, 2024
Dawn E. Marple, City Planner
Planning and Community Development Department
City of Fowler
128 South 5th Street
Fowler, CA 93625
Dear Dawn E. Marple:

RE: City of Fowler’s 6th Cycle (2023-2031) Revised Draft Housing Element Thank you for submitting the City of Fowler’s (City) revised draft housing element that was received for review on March 15, 2024. Pursuant to Government Code section 65585, the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is reporting the results of its review.

The revised draft element addresses many statutory requirements described in HCD’s December 26, 2023 review; however, revisions will be necessary to substantially comply with State Housing Element Law (Gov. Code, § 65580 et seq), as follows:

1. An inventory of land suitable and available for residential development, including vacant sites and sites having realistic and demonstrated potential for redevelopment during the planning period to meet the locality’s housing need for a designated income level, and an analysis of the relationship of zoning and public facilities and services to these sites. (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (a)(3).) Identify actions that will be taken to make sites available during the planning period with appropriate zoning and development standards and with services and facilities…(Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(1).)
Realistic Capacity: The element appears to assume residential development on sites with zoning that allows 100 percent non-residential uses, but to support this assumption, the element should analyze the likelihood of residential development in zoning where 100 percent non-residential uses are allowed. The analysis should be based on factors such as development trends including nonresidential, performance standards requiring residential uses or other relevant factors such as enhanced policies and programs. Upon a complete analysis, the element should add or modify programs to encourage residential development, as appropriate.
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Dawn E. Marple, City Planner

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Electronic Sites Inventory: For your information, pursuant to Government Code section 65583.3, the City must submit an electronic sites inventory with its adopted housing element. The City must utilize standards, forms, and definitions adopted by HCD. Please see HCD’s housing element webpage at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-community-development/housing-elements for a copy of the form and instructions. The City can reach out to HCD at [email protected] for technical assistance.

2. Address and, where appropriate and legally possible, remove governmental and nongovernmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing, including housing for all income levels and housing for persons with disabilities... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(3).) Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities: Program 14 (Zoning Code Amendments) now commits to permit group homes for seven or more persons similar to other residential uses. However, the Program should also clarify that group homes for seven or more persons will be permitted in all zones allowing residential uses (regardless of licensing).

3. Promote and affirmatively further fair housing opportunities and promote housing throughout the community or communities for all persons regardless of race, religion, sex, marital status, ancestry, national origin, color, familial status, or disability, and other characteristics... (Gov. Code, § 65583, subd. (c)(5).) As noted in HCD’s December 26, 2023 review, the element should add actions to promote housing mobility (housing choices and affordability) in relatively higherincome areas and place-based strategies toward community revitalization in relatively lower-income areas, including addressing environmental conditions.

Specifically, the element should expand place-based actions with specific commitment, timing, geographic targeting and metrics or numeric targets toward outcomes. Examples of place-based strategies including targeting the City’s capital improvement program toward a broad range of activities, applying for funding toward community revitalization, community amenities, parks, community facilities, recreation facilities, active transportation, infrastructure, streetscape improvements, safe routes to school and other community development activities.

In addition, Program 11 (Encourage Accessory Units) should include a metric or numeric target for promoting housing choices and affordability in relatively higher-income areas.

The element will meet the statutory requirements of State Housing Element Law once it has been revised, adopted, submitted to and reviewed by HCD to comply with the above requirements pursuant to Government Code section 65585. 127
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Dawn E. Marple, City Planner

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As a reminder, the City’s 6th cycle housing element was due December 31, 2023. As of today, the City has not completed the housing element process for the 6th cycle. The City’s 5th cycle housing element no longer satisfies statutory requirements. HCD encourages the City to revise the element as described above, adopt, and submit to HCD to regain housing element compliance.

Public participation in the development, adoption and implementation of the housing element is essential to effective housing planning. During the housing element revision process, the City must continue to engage the community, including organizations that represent lower-income and special needs households, by making information regularly available while considering and incorporating comments where appropriate. Please be aware, any revisions to the element must be posted on the local government’s website and to email a link to all individuals and organizations that have previously requested notices relating to the local government’s housing element at least seven days before submitting to HCD.

HCD appreciates the hard work and dedication the City’s housing element team provided during the course of our review. We are committed to assisting the City in addressing all statutory requirements of State Housing Element Law. If you have any questions or need additional technical assistance, please contact Laurissa Wells, of our staff, at [email protected].

Sincerely,
Paul McDougall
Senior Program Manager
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA - BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

DIVISION OF HOUSING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
651 Bannon Street, Suite 400
Sacramento, CA 95811
(916) 263-2911 / FAX (916) 263-7453
www.hcd.ca.gov
August 7, 2024
Dawn E. Marple, City Planner
Planning and Community Development Department
City of Fowler
128 South 5th Street
Fowler, CA 93625
Dear Dawn E. Marple:

RE: City of Fowler’s 6th Cycle (2023-2031) Revised Draft Housing Element Thank you for submitting the City of Fowler’s (City) revised draft housing element update received for review on July 19, 2024. Pursuant to Government Code section 65585, the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is reporting the results of its review.

The revised draft housing element meets the statutory requirements that were described in HCD’s May 14, 2024 review. The housing element will substantially comply with State Housing Element Law (Gov. Code, § 65580 et seq) when it is adopted, submitted to and approved by HCD, in accordance with Government Code section 65585.

Public participation in the development, adoption and implementation of the housing element is essential to effective housing planning. Throughout the housing element process, the City must continue to engage the community, including organizations that represent lower-income and special needs households, by making information regularly available while considering and incorporating comments where appropriate. Please be aware, any revisions to the element must be posted on the local government’s website and to email a link to all individuals and organizations that have previously requested notices relating to the local government’s housing element at least seven days before submitting to HCD.

Please note, upon adoption of the housing element, the City must submit an electronic version of the sites inventory with its adopted housing element to [email protected]. Pursuant to Government Code section 65583.3, subdivision (b), the City must utilize standards, forms, and definitions adopted by HCD when preparing the sites inventory. Please see HCD’s housing element webpage at https://www.hcd.ca.gov/planning-and-community-development/housing-elements for a copy of the form and instructions. The City can reach out to HCD at [email protected] for technical assistance.
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Dawn E. Marple, City Planner

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Several federal, state, and regional funding programs consider housing element compliance as an eligibility or ranking criteria. For example, the CalTrans Senate Bill (SB) 1 Sustainable Communities grant, the Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities programs, and HCD’s Permanent Local Housing Allocation consider housing element compliance and/or annual reporting requirements pursuant to Government Code section 65400. With a compliant housing element, the City will meet housing element requirements for these and other funding sources.

HCD appreciates the hard work and dedication the City’s housing element team provided in preparation of the City’s housing element and looks forward to receiving the City’s adopted housing element. If you have any questions or need additional technical assistance, please contact Laurissa Wells, of our staff, at [email protected].

Sincerely,
Paul McDougall
Senior Program Manager
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1 RESOLUTION NO. 2746

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FOWLER, COUNTY OF FRESNO, STATE OF CALIFORNIA FINDING THAT THE 6TH CYCLE HOUSING ELEMENT IS CONSISTENT WITH THE CITY’S GENERAL PLAN EIR AND

THEREFORE EXEMPT FROM FURTHER ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PURSUANT TO CEQA GUIDELINES SECTIONS 15162 AND 15183; AND ADOPTING THE CITY OF FOWLER 2023-2031 HOUSING ELEMENT.

WHEREAS, on April 18, 2023, the City Council of the City of Fowler adopted the City of Fowler 2040 General Plan; and
WHEREAS, in accordance with State Housing Element Law, the City must update the Housing Element of the General Plan every eight (8) years; and WHEREAS, the previous housing element cycle, the 5th Cycle, ran from 2015-2023; and WHEREAS, the City’s 6th Cycle Housing Element was required to be adopted on December 31, 2023, running from 2023-2031; and
WHEREAS, staff presented the Draft City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element at the June 20, 2023 joint City Council-Planning Commission meeting, gathering input from the City Council, Planning Commission, and the Public; and
WHEREAS, the City submitted its first submittal of the Draft City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element to the California Department of Housing and Community Development (“HCD”) for review on September 28, 2023; and
WHEREAS, HCD provided formal comments on the first submittal on December 26, 2023; and
WHEREAS, revisions to the first submittal were made and a second submittal to HCD was made on March 15, 2024; and
WHEREAS, HCD provided the City with a formal comment letter on May 14, 2024, asking for additional revisions to be made to the document; and WHEREAS, revisions to the second submittal were made and a third submittal to HCD was made on July 23, 2024; and
WHEREAS, HCD provided the City with a third formal comment letter on August 7, 2024, stating that as revised, the Draft City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element (as shown in Exhibit A) meets State Housing Element Law and would be certified as compliant once adopted by the City; and
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2 WHEREAS, the Planning Commission recommended approval of the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element at a duly noticed Planning Commission’s regular meeting on September 5, 2024;
WHEREAS, notice of the public hearing was published in the August 23, 2024, edition of The Business Journal, posted at City Hall and the City’s website; and WHEREAS, the City Council reviewed and considered the staff report, and all evidence presented at a regular meeting on October 1, 2024, including oral and written public testimony on the project, and which is herein incorporated by this reference (“Administrative Record”); NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED the City Council of the City of Fowler, based upon the entire Administrative Record of proceedings, makes the following findings with regard to the City’s 2023-2031 Fowler Housing Element:

1. The adoption of the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element does not have any potential to directly impact the environment.

2. The proposed amendment ensures and maintains internal consistency with General Plan land uses and objectives, policies, programs, and actions of all elements of the General Plan and would not create any inconsistencies.

3. The proposed amendment will not endanger, jeopardize or otherwise constitute a hazard to the public convenience, health, interest, safety, or general welfare of persons residing or working within the City of Fowler.

4. The City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element establishes appropriate goals, policies, and programs to address such issues as adequate sites, affordability, governmental constraints, preservation of housing and neighborhoods, housing accessibility, and energy conservation.

5. The Housing Element has been prepared in conformity with the provision of State law requirements of California Government Code Article 10.6, and adoption of the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element is the final requirement per Government Code Section 65585.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED the City Council of the City of Fowler hereby:

1. Find that the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element is consistent with the Fowler General Plan and General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR), and further find that the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element is exempt from further environmental review under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Sections 15162 and 15183.

2. Adopts of the City of Fowler 2023-2031 Housing Element, as found in Exhibit “A” of Planning Commission Resolution No. 705.
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3 PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 1st day of October 2024, at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Fowler by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

APPROVED:
___________________________
Daniel T. Parra, Mayor
ATTEST:
___________________________
Angela Vasquez, City Clerk
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Fresno Multi-Jurisdictional
2023-2031 Housing Element
HCD Submittal Draft | November 2023
A Regional Plan for Addressing Housing Needs
Fresno County Coalinga Firebaugh Fowler Fresno City Huron Kerman Kingsburg Mendota Orange Cove Parlier Reedley San Joaquin Sanger Selma 137 Section , Item 9A.

Credits
Participating Jurisdictions
Fresno County
City of Coalinga
City of Firebaugh
City of Fresno
City of Fowler
City of Huron
City of Kerman
City of Kingsburg
City of Mendota
City of Orange Cove
City of Parlier
City of Reedley
City of San Joaquin
City of Sanger
City of Selma
Fresno Council of Governments Staff
Kristine Cai, Deputy Director
Juan Ramirez, Associate Regional Planner
Consultant Team
PlaceWorks
Jennifer Gastelum, Project Director
Cynthia Walsh, Project Manager
Lucy Rollins, Project Manager
Nicole West, Project Manager
Amy Sinsheimer, Project Manager
Karla Martinez, Associate Planner
Deborah Rogoff-Ezra, Associate Planner
Ascent Environmental
Chelsey Payne, Project Manager
Heidi Gen Kuong, Project Manager
Provost & Prichard
Sara Allinder, Project Manager
Wyatt Czeshinski, Assistant Planner
California Coalition for Rural Housing
Kate Rose, Outreach Lead
Clancy Taylor, Outreach Facilitator
Eusevio Ortega, Outreach Facilitator
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1-i Table of Contents
Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 Housing Element Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 1 General Plan Consistency .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Housing Element Organization ................................................................................................................................... 2 Public Outreach and Engagement ................................................. 1-1 Project Website ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Stakeholder Consultations ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Study Sessions ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Community Workshops .......................................................................................................................................... 1-4 Stakeholder Focus Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 1-5 Farmworker and Farm Employer Surveys .............................................................................................................. 1-8 Travel Survey .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-9 Translation ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-10 Outreach Noticing ................................................................................................................................................. 1-10 Regional Housing Needs Assessment ........................................... 2-1 Population Trends and Characteristics ................................................................................................................... 2-2 Population Change .................................................................................................................................... 2-2 Household and Group Quarters Population .............................................................................................. 2-3 Age Characteristics ................................................................................................................................... 2-4 Population by Race/Ethnicity ..................................................................................................................... 2-7 Household Trends and Characteristics .................................................................................................................. 2-9 Historical Growth ....................................................................................................................................... 2-9 Household Formation and Composition .................................................................................................. 2-10 Household Income ................................................................................................................................... 2-10 Employment Trends and Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 2-13 Employment and Wage Scale by Industry .............................................................................................. 2-13 Unemployment ......................................................................................................................................... 2-19 Labor Force Trends ................................................................................................................................. 2-19 Population and Employment Projections .............................................................................................................. 2-21 Population Forecast ................................................................................................................................. 2-21 Employment Forecast .............................................................................................................................. 2-22 Housing Inventory and Market Conditions ........................................................................................................... 2-22 Housing Stock Profile .............................................................................................................................. 2-23 Housing Tenure ....................................................................................................................................... 2-25 Vacancy Rate .......................................................................................................................................... 2-26 Housing Conditions ................................................................................................................................. 2-27 Overpayment (Cost Burden) .................................................................................................................... 2-29 Overcrowding ........................................................................................................................................... 2-33 Housing Cost and Affordability ............................................................................................................................. 2-35 Home Price Trends .................................................................................................................................. 2-35 Rental Trends .......................................................................................................................................... 2-37 Ability to Pay ............................................................................................................................................ 2-37 Special Needs ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-39 Senior Population .................................................................................................................................... 2-39 Large Households.................................................................................................................................... 2-44 Single Female-Headed Households ........................................................................................................ 2-45 Persons with Disabilities .......................................................................................................................... 2-47 Developmental Disabilities ...................................................................................................................... 2-50 Homeless 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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1-ii FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Farmworkers ............................................................................................................................................ 2-60 Extremely Low-Income Households ........................................................................................................ 2-69 Inventory of Affordable Rental Housing and At-Risk Status ................................................................................. 2-74 Preservation Options for At-Risk Properties ............................................................................................ 2-74 Qualified Entities ...................................................................................................................................... 2-75 Regional Assessment of Fair Housing .......................................... 3-1 Outreach ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-1 Consultations ............................................................................................................................................. 3-2 Stakeholder Focus Group Workshops ...................................................................................................... 3-5 FCOG Transportation Needs Survey ........................................................................................................ 3-6 Public Comments..................................................................................................................................... 3-12 Fair Housing Issues .............................................................................................................................................. 3-12 Patterns of Integration and Segregation .................................................................................................. 3-15 Access to Opportunity ............................................................................................................................. 3-42 Disproportionate Housing Need and Displacement Risk ........................................................................ 3-65 Opportunities for Residential Development .................................. 4-1 Regional Housing Needs Allocation ....................................................................................................................... 4-1 Assembly Bill 1233 RHNA “Carry-Over” Analysis .................................................................................................. 4-3 Availability of Land and Services ............................................................................................................................ 4-3 Units Built or Under Construction and Planned or Approved Projects ...................................................... 4-4 Accessory Dwelling Unit Potential ............................................................................................................. 4-4 Vacant and Underutilized Land Inventory ................................................................................................. 4-4 Adequacy of Public Facilities ..................................................................................................................... 4-5 Financial and Administrative Resources ................................................................................................... 4-6 Opportunities for Energy Conservation ................................................................................................................ 4-13 California Building Code, Title 24 ............................................................................................................ 4-14 Utility Programs ....................................................................................................................................... 4-14 Housing Constraints ........................................................................ 5-1 Governmental Constraints ...................................................................................................................................... 5-1 Land Use Controls ..................................................................................................................................... 5-1 Residential Development Standards ......................................................................................................... 5-2 Density Bonus ............................................................................................................................................ 5-3 Growth Control ........................................................................................................................................... 5-3 Airport Land Use Compatibility .................................................................................................................. 5-4 Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types ...................................................................................................... 5-4 On-/Off-Site Improvement Standards ........................................................................................................ 5-9 Fees and Exactions ................................................................................................................................... 5-9 Processing and Permit Procedures ......................................................................................................... 5-10 Senate Bill 35 ........................................................................................................................................... 5-11 Senate Bill 330 ......................................................................................................................................... 5-11 Building Codes and Enforcement ............................................................................................................ 5-11 Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities .............................................................................. 5-11 Nongovernmental Constraints .............................................................................................................................. 5-13 Land Costs ............................................................................................................................................... 5-13 Construction Costs .................................................................................................................................. 5-15 Dry Utilities ............................................................................................................................................... 5-15 Availability of Financing ........................................................................................................................... 5-16 Environmental Constraints ...................................................................................................................... 5-17 5 142
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1-iii Housing Plan .................................................................................... 6-1 Goals and Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 6-1

1. New Housing Development ................................................................................................................... 6-1

2. Affordable Housing ................................................................................................................................ 6-2

3. Housing and Neighborhood Conservation ............................................................................................ 6-3

4. Special Needs Housing ......................................................................................................................... 6-3

5. Fair and Equal Housing Opportunities .................................................................................................. 6-4

6. Energy Conservation and Sustainable Development ............................................................................ 6-5 Appendix 1 ..................................................................................... 1A-1 Summary of Needs and Conditions
Action Plan
Sites Inventory
Fair Housing Analysis
Housing Constraints
Review of Previous Housing Element
Public Outreach and Engagement

APPENDICES
1A: Fresno County
1B: Coalinga
1C: Firebaugh
1D: Fowler
1E: Fresno City
1F: Huron
1G: Kerman
1H: Kingsburg
1I: Mendota
1J: Orange Cove
1K: Parlier
1L: Reedley
1M: San Joaquin
1N: Sanger
1O: Selma
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1-iv FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Figures
Figure 2-1. Race and Ethnicity (2020) ............................................................................................................... 2-7 Figure 2-2. Median Household Income (2020) ................................................................................................. 2-12 Figure 2-3. Employment by Industry (2020) ..................................................................................................... 2-15 Figure 2-3. Employment by Industry (2020) (cont) .......................................................................................... 2-16 Figure 2-4. Unemployment Rate (2022) ........................................................................................................... 2-19 Figure 2-5. Fresno County Average Annual Job Openings by Entry-Level Education (2010-2020) .............. 2-21 Figure 2-6. Median Sales Price for Fresno County .......................................................................................... 2-35 Figure 2-7. Farm Employment, Fresno County ................................................................................................ 2-62 Figure 2-8. Farm Labor in Fresno County ........................................................................................................ 2-63 Figure 3-1 Discrimination Experienced in Housing ........................................................................................... 3-7 Figure 3-2 Discrimination Basis ........................................................................................................................ 3-8 Figure 3-3 Most-Liked Feature of current Neighborhood .................................................................................. 3-9 Figure 3-4 Least-Liked Feature of current Neighborhood ............................................................................... 3-10 Figure 3-5 Barriers Preventing Homeownership ............................................................................................. 3-11 Figure 3-6 Regional TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas ....................................................................................... 3-14 Figure 3-7 Income Patterns in the Region ...................................................................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-8 Regional Median Incomes ............................................................................................................. 3-17 Figure 3-9 Income Groups Within Fresno County Jurisdictions ...................................................................... 3-19 Figure 3-10 Regional Poverty Rates ................................................................................................................. 3-20 Figure 3-11 Segregation and Integration, Regional Divergence, 2020 ............................................................. 3-23 Figure 3-12 Racial and Ethnic Divergence, Fresno County Region ................................................................. 3-25 Figure 3-13 Regional Demographic Composition, 2020 ................................................................................... 3-26 Figure 3-14 Regional Racial Demographics ..................................................................................................... 3-27 Figure 3-15 Regional Areas of High Segregation and Poverty, 2023 ............................................................... 3-30 Figure 3-16 Regional RCAAS ........................................................................................................................... 3-31 Figure 3-17 Diversity Index Within Fresno County............................................................................................ 3-32 Figure 3-18 Fresno County Jurisdiction Racial Demographics ......................................................................... 3-33 Figure 3-19 Percentage of Children in Married-Couple Households in the Region .......................................... 3-36 Figure 3-20 Percentage of Children in Female-Headed Households in the Region ......................................... 3-37 Figure 3-21 Population with a disability in the Region ...................................................................................... 3-39 Figure 3-22 Regional Disability by Type ........................................................................................................... 3-40 Figure 3-23 AllTransit Transit Access in the Region ......................................................................................... 3-43 Figure 3-24 Fresno County Rural Transit Agency Intercounty Routes ............................................................. 3-46 Figure 3-25 Percentage of Renters using Housing Choice Vouchers .............................................................. 3-51 Figure 3-26 Regional Jobs Proximity ................................................................................................................ 3-53 Figure 3-27 Regional Labor Market Engagement ............................................................................................. 3-54 Figure 3-28 Regional Unemployment Rates, 2010-2022 .................................................................................. 3-55 Figure 3-29 Regional TCAC/HCD Educational Domain Scores ....................................................................... 3-58 Figure 3-30 HUD School Proficiency Index ....................................................................................................... 3-60 Figure 3-31 Regional CalEnviroScreen Percentiles .......................................................................................... 3-63 Figure 3-32 Healthy Places Index Percentile .................................................................................................... 3-64 Figure 3-33 Overcrowded Households in the Region ....................................................................................... 3-67 Figure 3-34 Regional Overcrowded Households by Tenure ............................................................................. 3-68 Figure 3-35 Overpayment Rates in the Region ................................................................................................. 3-69 Figure 3-36 Age of Housing Stock in the Region .............................................................................................. 3-70 Figure 3-37 Regional Farm Operations and Agricultural Employees ................................................................ 3-73 Figure 3-38 Sensitive Communities, 2020 ........................................................................................................ 3-76 Figure 5-1. Historical Mortgage Interest Rates, United States 2015-2022 ...................................................... 5-16 7 144
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1-v Tables
Table 2-1 Change in Total Population (2000-2022) ......................................................................................... 2-2 Table 2-2 Change in Household Population (2010-2020) ............................................................................... 2-3 Table 2-3 Population by Age Group (2020) ..................................................................................................... 2-5 Table 2-4 Change in Households (2010-2020) ................................................................................................ 2-9 Table 2-5 Persons per Household (2020) ...................................................................................................... 2-10 Table 2-6 HUD Income Limits by Persons per Household (2022) ................................................................. 2-11 Table 2-7 State of California Income Categories ........................................................................................... 2-11 Table 2-8 HCD Income Limits by Person per Household (2022) ................................................................... 2-12 Table 2-9 Jurisdictions with Over-Representation of Very Low-Income (VLI) Families (2018) ..................... 2-13 Table 2-10 Employment by Industry (2020) ..................................................................................................... 2-17 Table 2-11 Fresno County Job Growth by Industry Sector (2018-2028) ......................................................... 2-20 Table 2-12 Fresno County Population Forecast (2025-2050) ......................................................................... 2-21 Table 2-13 Population of Fresno County and California (1980-2040) ............................................................. 2-22 Table 2-14 Fresno County Employment Forecast (2025-2040) ...................................................................... 2-22 Table 2-15 Housing Stock (2010-2022) ........................................................................................................... 2-23 Table 2-16 Affordable vs. Market-Rate Multifamily Housing (1980-2013) ....................................................... 2-25 Table 2-17 Housing Tenure (2020) .................................................................................................................. 2-26 Table 2-18 Housing Stock and Vacancy Rate (2010-2022) ............................................................................ 2-27 Table 2-19 Age of Housing Stock (2020) ......................................................................................................... 2-28 Table 2-20 Overpayment by Tenure (2018) ..................................................................................................... 2-31 Table 2-21 Overcrowding by Tenure (2020) .................................................................................................... 2-34 Table 2-22 Home Sales Recorded in 2017, 2021, and 2022 ........................................................................... 2-36 Table 2-23 Residential Rental Rate Comparison (2014-2021) ........................................................................ 2-37 Table 2-24 Fresno County Ability to Pay (2022) .............................................................................................. 2-38 Table 2-25 HUD Fair-Market Rent by Bedroom (2022) ................................................................................... 2-39 Table 2-26 Percentage of the Senior Population (65 and Over) (2020) .......................................................... 2-40 Table 2-27 Senior Households by Tenure (2020) ............................................................................................ 2-41 Table 2-28 Seniors with Disabilities (2020) ...................................................................................................... 2-43 Table 2-29 Large Households by Tenure (2020) ............................................................................................. 2-45 Table 2-30 Single Female-Headed Households (2020) .................................................................................. 2-46 Table 2-31 Female-Headed Households in Poverty (2020) ............................................................................ 2-47 Table 2-32 Persons with a Disability (2020) .................................................................................................... 2-49 Table 2-33 Disability by Type (2020) ............................................................................................................... 2-49 Table 2-34 Clients in Fresno County with Developmental Disabilities by Age (2022) ..................................... 2-50 Table 2-35 Total Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Count: Fresno County (2022) .................................. 2-52 Table 2-36 Estimated Number of Homeless Persons by Jurisdiction .............................................................. 2-53 Table 2-37 Comparison of 2022 and 2023 Point In Time Homeless Count .................................................... 2-54 Table 2-38 Bed Inventory by Program Type, Fresno County and Madera County (2022) .............................. 2-54 Table 2-39 Emergency Shelters in Fresno County (2023) .............................................................................. 2-56 Table 2-40 Residential Care Facilities (2023) .................................................................................................. 2-58 Table 2-41 Farmworkers in Fresno County by Days Worked (2017) .............................................................. 2-61 Table 2-42 Estimated Farmworkers (2020) ..................................................................................................... 2-62 Table 2-43 Migrant Worker Student Population ............................................................................................... 2-65 Table 2-44 Limited English-Speaking Households .......................................................................................... 2-67 Table 2-45 Resources for Farmworkers .......................................................................................................... 2-68 Table 2-46 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure (2018) ................................................................. 2-70 Table 2-47 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment - Fresno County, Clovis, and Coalinga (2018) .......................................................................................................... 2-71 Table 2-48 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Firebaugh, Fowler, and Fresno (2018) ............................................................................................................ 2-71 Table 2-49 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Firebaugh, Fowler, and Fresno (2018) ............................................................................................................ 2-72 Table 2-50 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Mendota, Orange Cove, and Parlier (2018) ................................................................................................... 2-72 8 145
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1-vi FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-51 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment - Reedley, Sanger, and San Joaquin (2018) ................................................................................................... 2-73 Table 2-52 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Selma and Unincorporated Fresno County (2018) .......................................................................................... 2-73 Table 2-53 Qualified Entities (2022) ................................................................................................................ 2-75 Table 3-1 Regional Familial Status Discrimination, 2013-2021 ..................................................................... 3-34 Table 3-2 Regional Demographic Characteristics of the Population with a Disability ................................... 3-41 Table 3-3 Regional Alltransit Performance Scores ........................................................................................ 3-44 Table 3-4 Fresno County Rural Transit Agency Intercounty Connections .................................................... 3-44 Table 3-5 Fresno MSA Fair-Market Rents, 2022 ........................................................................................... 3-50 Table 3-6 Regional Vacancy Rates ............................................................................................................... 3-50 Table 4-1 2023-2031 Regional Housing Needs Allocation by Jurisdiction ...................................................... 4-2 Table 4-2 Financial Resources ........................................................................................................................ 4-7 Table 4-3 Fresno Housing Authority Properties ............................................................................................. 4-10 Table 5-1 Statewide Density Bonus Parking Standards .................................................................................. 5-3 Table 5-2 Fresno COG Transportation Impact Fee ....................................................................................... 5-10 Table 5-3 Listed Land Prices, Incorporated Cities (2022) ............................................................................. 5-13 Table 5-4 Listed Land Prices, Unincorporated Areas (2022) ......................................................................... 5-14 Table 5-5 Land Sale Prices, Incorporated Cities (August 2022) .................................................................... 5-14 Table 5-6 Land Sale Prices, Unincorporated Areas (August 2022) ............................................................... 5-14 9 146
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INTRODUCTION
FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 i

INTRODUCTION
Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 Housing Element Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 1 General Plan Consistency ................................................................................................................................... 2 Housing Element Organization ............................................................................................................................ 2

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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1

INTRODUCTION
California Housing Element law requires every jurisdiction to prepare and adopt a housing element as part of its general plan. In California, it is typical for each city or county to prepare and maintain its own separate general plan and housing element. However, Fresno County and 14 of the 15 cities in Fresno County, with the help of the Fresno Council of Governments (FCOG), are preparing a Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element for the fifth round of housing element updates. The Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element provides an opportunity for countywide housing issues and needs to be more effectively addressed at the regional level rather than just at the local level. Regional efforts also provide the opportunity for the local governments in the county to work together to accommodate the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) assigned to the Fresno County region. In addition, economies of scale can result in significant cost savings to jurisdictions preparing a joint housing element.

The primary objective of the project is to prepare a regional plan addressing housing needs through a single certified housing element for all 15 participating jurisdictions. The Fresno County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element represents an innovative approach to meeting State Housing Element law and coordinating resources to address the region’s housing needs. The following jurisdictions are participating in the effort: Fresno County and the cities of Coalinga, Firebaugh, Fowler, Fresno, Huron, Kerman, Kingsburg, Mendota, Orange Cove, Parlier, Reedley, San Joaquin, Sanger, and Selma.

State Housing Element requirements are framed in the California Government Code, Sections 65580 through 65589, Chapter 1143, Article 10.6. The law requires the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) to administer the law by reviewing housing elements for compliance with State law and by reporting its written findings to the local jurisdiction. Although State law allows local governments to decide when to update their general plans, State Housing Element law mandates that housing elements be updated every eight years. The Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element will cover the planning period of December 31, 2023, through December 31, 2031, and must be adopted and submitted to HCD for certification by December 31, 2023. The Housing Element must include: 1) an identification and analysis of existing and projected local housing needs; 2) an identification of resources and constraints; and 3) goals, policies, and implementation programs for the rehabilitation, maintenance, improvement, and development of housing for all economic segments of the population.

HOUSING ELEMENT PURPOSE
This document is the 2023-2031 Housing Element for 15 jurisdictions in Fresno County, including unincorporated Fresno County. The purpose of the housing element is to identify a community’s current housing needs; state the region’s goals and objectives regarding housing production, rehabilitation, and conservation to meet those needs; and define the policies and programs that the community will implement to achieve the stated goals and objectives.
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INTRODUCTION
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GENERAL PLAN CONSISTENCY
The Housing Element is a required element of the General Plan. State law requires that the Housing Element be consistent with the other elements of the jurisdictions’ general plan. The policies and implementation programs in this Housing Element are consistent with the policies and implementation programs in the other elements of each jurisdiction’s general plan. However, if during the implementation of this Housing Element, any inconsistencies are identified, a local government would need to amend its general plan to maintain consistency with other elements of the general plan. As other elements of the general plan are amended in the future, the local governments will review and revise as necessary to ensure internal consistency is maintained.

The newest required General Plan element addresses the topic of Environmental Justice. As each jurisdiction makes the next updates to their General Plan, Environmental Justice will be addressed.

HOUSING ELEMENT ORGANIZATION
The Housing Element is organized into the following major sections:
 Section 0. Introduction: An introduction, reviewing the purpose, process, and scope of the Housing Element.
 Section 1. Public Outreach and Engagement: A summary of the public outreach processes performed during the development of the Housing Element as well as the feedback received from outreach participants.
 Section 2. Housing Needs Assessment: An analysis of the demographic profile, housing characteristics, and existing and future housing needs.  Section 3. Regional Fair Housing Assessment: An analysis of available federal, state, and local data to assess fair housing needs in the region.
 Section 4. Opportunities for Residential Development: A summary of the land, financial, and organizational resources available to address the identified housing needs and goals. This section also includes an analysis of opportunities for energy conservation in residential development.  Section 5. Housing Constraints: An analysis of the potential market, governmental, and environmental constraints in the region.
 Section 6. Housing Goals and Policies: The regional goals and policies that will help meet diverse housing needs.

The Housing Element also includes one appendix.

Appendix 1 has a separate, lettered section for each jurisdiction. Each section is structured into the following subsections.

0. Summary of Needs and Conditions: Provides a summary of the jurisdiction’s specific findings from the Housing Needs Assessment, Housing Constraints, and Sites Analysis. 13 150
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1. Action Plan: Details jurisdiction-specific implementation programs to be carried out over the planning period to address the regional housing goals, including quantified objectives.

2. Sites Inventory: Describes the jurisdiction-specific sites available to meet the RHNA.

3. Fair Housing Analysis: An analysis of available federal, state, and local data to assess fair housing needs in the jurisdiction.

4. Housing Constraints: Identifies potential jurisdiction-specific governmental constraints to the maintenance, preservation, conservation, and development of housing along with an analysis of the atrisk units by jurisdiction and their preservation options.

5. Evaluation of Previous Housing Element: When applicable, describes the progress with implementing the previous housing element’s policies and actions.

6. Public Outreach and Engagement: A summary of the public outreach processes performed during the development of the Housing Element as well as the feedback received from outreach participants.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Public Outreach and Engagement ............................................. 1-1 Project Website ................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 Stakeholder Consultations ................................................................................................................................ 1-1 Study Sessions ................................................................................................................................................. 1-3 Community Workshops .................................................................................................................................... 1-4 Stakeholder Focus Groups ............................................................................................................................... 1-5 Farmworker and Farm Employer Surveys ........................................................................................................ 1-8 Travel Survey .................................................................................................................................................... 1-9 Translation ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-10 Outreach Noticing ........................................................................................................................................... 1-10 1 16
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ENGAGEMENT
State law requires local governments to make a diligent effort to achieve public participation of all socioeconomic segments of the community in the development of the housing element. The comments received at the workshops and through the online survey were considered in the preparation of this Housing Element, specifically in the goals, policies, and implementation programs.

The Fresno County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element update effort completed public outreach at the local and regional levels to encourage community involvement and comply with the requirements of State law. These efforts included:
 Project Website
 Stakeholder Consultations and Focus Groups
 Study Sessions with Planning Commissions, City Councils, and the County Board of Supervisors  Community Workshops
 Community Survey

PROJECT WEBSITE
The Fresno County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element project website is a clearinghouse for all information related to the project, with information in English and Spanish. For meetings in the City of Fresno, event fliers were also made available in Hmong and Punjabi. Community members can visit the site to access all public materials, learn about the Housing Element and upcoming opportunities to get involved, sign up for email updates, and submit comments directly.

The project website also includes direct links to each of the participating Fresno County jurisdictions’ websites to promote specific outreach from each city and the county, share updates, and highlight upcoming opportunities for involvement, including individual Housing Element meetings.

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
To ensure that each jurisdiction solicits feedback from all segments of the community, consultations were conducted with service providers and other stakeholders who represent different socioeconomic groups.

Throughout the fall of 2022, staff consulted with stakeholders from 11 individual organizations and a multiorganization initiative that provides services in the Fresno County region to obtain input on housing needs and programs. The following stakeholders were contacted for an interview and either completed an interview or provided written responses to questions by email.
 Travis Alexander, Northern California Carpenters Regional Council 1 18
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1-2 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023  Harvey McKeon, Field Representative, Northern California Carpenters Regional Council  Laura Moreno, Fresno Madera Continuum of Care/County of Fresno Social Services  Mariah Thompson, California Rural Legal Assistance (CRLA)  Karla Martinez, Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability (LCJA)  Patience Milrod, Law Office of Patience Milrod
 Sarah Harris, Resources for Independence Central Valley  Eric Payne, The Central Valley Urban Institute
 Doreen Eley and Michael Duarte, Fresno Housing Authority  Mike Prandini, BIA
 Greg Terzakis, California Apartment Association
 Mirna Garcia, Envision Fresno and Llaves De Tu Casa
 Reyes Ruiz, Union Bank
 Sabrina Brown, California Association of Realtors (C.A.R) and National Association of Real Estate Brokers (NAREB)
 Rick Gonzales and Alicia Bohigian, Self Help Enterprises  Pablo Estrada, CORE Home Loans
 Lucy Sandoval, Realtor; Vice President of National Association of Hispanic Real Estate Professionals (NAHREP), Fresno
 Aldiva Rubalcava, NAHREP Fresno
 Rosie Lopez, Self Help Credit Union
 Charles Ratanavanh, Asian Real Estate Association of America (AREA)  Martin Macias, GPUSD Superintendent, Golden Plains Unified School District  Lori Villanueva, CHUSD Superintendent, Huron/Coalinga School District Requests for consultation were extended to the following stakeholders but either no response was received or no one-on-one interview was completed. Some of these stakeholders participated in other community input processes, such as focus groups or stakeholder meetings:
 Janine Nkosi, Faith in the Valley
 Christine Barker and Jack Chang, Director of Special Projects, FIRM  Adriana Cave, Assemi Group
 Sharrah Thompson, Tenants Together
 Nick Jones, SERVE Reedley
 Candie Caro, Proteus, Inc
 Priscilla Meza, Rape Counseling Services of Fresno (RCS)  Jenny, Marjaree Mason Center
 Maria Pacheco, Kerman Care Center
 Edgar Olivera, Centro La Familia Advocacy Services
 Steve Hair, Mendota-area developer
 Roberto Castillo, Westside Family Preservation
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1-3 In each consultation, the stakeholders were asked all or some of the following questions, depending on the type of organization interviewed:
 Opportunities and Concerns: What 3 top opportunities do you see for the future of housing in this jurisdiction? What are your 3 top concerns for the future of housing in this jurisdiction?  Housing Preferences: What types of housing do your clients prefer? Is there adequate rental housing in this community? Are there opportunities for home ownership? Are there accessible rental units for seniors and persons with disabilities? Do your employees live in this jurisdiction? If not, why? Are there accessible rental units for seniors and persons with disabilities?  Housing Barriers/Needs: What are the biggest barriers to finding affordable, decent housing? What are the unmet housing needs in this jurisdiction?
 Housing Constraints: Are there any city/county processes that you find difficult to navigate, increase costs, increase time, and/or increase uncertainty?
 Housing Conditions: How would you characterize the physical condition of housing in this jurisdiction? What opportunities do you see to improve housing in the future?  Equity and Fair Housing: What factors limit or deny civil rights, fair housing choice, or equitable access to opportunity? What actions can be taken to transform racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty into areas of opportunity (without displacement)? What actions can be taken to make living patterns more integrated and balanced?
 How has COVID affected the housing situation?
Common themes in stakeholder responses across service areas included concerns about lack of reliable access to water and other infrastructure such as internet access and cell phone reception. Several stakeholders mentioned overcrowding in many units and a strong need for maintenance in affordable rentals and in mobile homes throughout the region.

Stakeholders highlighted the unique needs of farmworker communities and the challenges they face in finding necessary information about affordable housing opportunities and applying for deed-restricted rental housing.

For community members who are undocumented, it can be impossible to achieve homeownership and challenging to have the required proof of income for rental housing. Several stakeholders also identified lack of credit and low incomes as a barrier to many residents in accessing stable housing.

STUDY SESSIONS
The participating jurisdictions held study sessions with their respective planning commission and/or city council to review the Public Review Draft Housing Element. At each of the study sessions, staff and the consultants presented an overview of the draft Housing Element, facilitated a discussion with the planning commission and/or city council, and requested input before submitting the document to HCD for review. 20 157
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1-4 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 The participating jurisdictions provided public notice about these study sessions using their standard meeting notice procedures. Additionally, staff directly contacted local housing advocates, developers, social service providers, and key stakeholders to notify them of the study sessions.

The following study sessions were held in the county:
 Fresno County: September 15 and 20, 2022 (Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors, respectively)
 City of Fresno: September 29, 2022 (City Council Study Session)  City of Kerman: August 24, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Firebaugh: September 12, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Kingsburg: August 11, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Coalinga: September 15, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Mendota: October 25, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of San Joaquin: October 4, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Reedley: October 11, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Orange Cove: September 28, 2022 at (City Council Study Session)  City of Selma: September 19, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Fowler: August 2, 2022, (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Huron: September 7, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Parlier: October 20, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session)  City of Sanger: October 6, 2022 (Planning Commission/City Council Joint Study Session) Council, commission, and board members had the opportunity to ask questions and give feedback about the project. Common themes included concerns about lack of water access and the tension between limits to water use and the ability of each jurisdiction to meet its RHNA requirements. Others highlighted the tension between State and local land use controls and expressed a desire for more local control.

COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS
Throughout the summer and fall of 2022, the participating jurisdictions held workshops for key stakeholders and community members interested in housing issues in the county. Participants listened to a short introductory presentation about the Housing Element Update and were asked to provide input on key issues, barriers, and opportunities for creating affordable housing in the county. In total, 122 community members attended the workshops.

Individual jurisdictions made efforts to encourage participation, including handing out flyers at community events, advertising the meetings on the City’s website and in the City’s email newsletter, sending press releases to local newspapers, posting flyers at key locations, and contacting residents of affordable housing developments. Further efforts included posting the workshop information on an electronic reader board for 21 158
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1-5 visibility as people enter the city, and making the event a push item on the City’s app. See Appendix 1 for a sample of the publicity materials.

The following community workshops were held in the county:
 Fresno County: September 19, 2022, from 2 to 3:30 pm and October 3, 2022, from 2 to 3:30 pm  City of Firebaugh: August 18, 2022, from 1 to 2:30 pm  City of Fresno: August 31, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm
 City of Huron: September 1, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm
 City of Kerman: October 5, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm
 City of Kingsburg: August 16, 2022, at 6:00 pm
 City of Coalinga: October 5, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm
 City of Mendota: October 6, 2022, from 6 - to 7:00 pm  City of Reedley: September 20, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm  City of Selma: September 2, 2022, from 2 to 3:30 pm
 City of Parlier: September 21, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm  City of Sanger: August 30, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm
 City of Orange Cove: September 22, 2022, from 6 to 7:30 pm Across the 15 meetings, 101 community members registered and 122 attended. Depending on community need, language interpretation services were made available in English, Spanish, Hmong, and Punjabi. Interpretation in Spanish was provided at events in the City of Fresno and the Fresno County unincorporated areas and for the web live stream in Huron.

Additionally, in the following cities outreach took place at existing local events:
 City of San Joaquin: On August 10, 2022, from 5:00 to 6:30 pm, outreach consultants attended a community event hosted by the City of San Joaquin and the Golden Plains Unified School District.  City of Fowler: On August 24, 2022, from 5:30 to 8:00 pm, outreach consultants attended a Wednesday Nights at the Park event.
 City of Orange Cove: Outreach consultants attended a Fresno Economic Opportunities Commission Food Distribution event to distribute fliers and collect community feedback.

Common themes in the feedback provided by attendees included concerns about the limitations caused by a lack of water access, a desire for more opportunities for home ownership and a more diverse mix of unit types, and concerns about increased housing costs and associated overcrowding.

STAKEHOLDER FOCUS GROUPS
Two stakeholder focus groups were held as part of the Housing Element development process. Stakeholders were presented with information about the Housing Element process, particularly sections regarding community needs and fair housing, and were given the opportunity to weigh in on community needs. 22 159
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1-6 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 The first focus group was held on October 25, 2022, from 9:30 to 11:30 am. The following stakeholders registered for the event, though not all were able to attend:
 Gregory Terzakis, CAA
 Mirna Garcia, Envision Realty Inc./NAHREP Fresno
 Kayla Camargo, Lance-Kashian
 Bernard Jimenez, County of Fresno
 Sharrah Thompson, Tenants Together
 Karl Schoettler, City of Firebaugh
 Michelle Zumwalt, City of Fresno
 Lily Cha, City of Clovis
 Thomas Gaffery, City of Fowler
 Kristine Cai, Fresno Council of Governments
 Tyrone Williams, Fresno Housing
 Jeff O'Neal, City of Parlier
 Sophia Pagoulatos, City of Fresno Planning & Development Dept  Rodney Horton, City of Reedley
 Rob Terry, City of Selma
 Casey Lauderdale, City of Fresno
 Yvette Quiroga, Fresno County
 Clancy Taylor, CCRH
 Dr. K Jones, Jr., Handle It Helping Hands, Inc.
 Gregory Terzakis, CAA
 John Holt, City of Clovis
 Mariah Thompson, California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc.  Andy Hausler, City of Clovis
Participants expressed concerns about corporate investment groups purchasing large amounts of local housing.

Housing quality was identified as an opportunity for local investment, particularly in unincorporated areas, and participants cited mobile home repair funding as a current gap in available programming, along with mobile home financing. One participant suggested that a program to help mobile homeowners pay for back taxes is necessary, as a statewide amnesty program ended, and that a program to help mobile home renters purchase their units from corporate acquisition companies would help them to stay in their homes. Lack of internet access among residents of mobile home parks has made it difficult for those residents to apply for necessary building permits in order to comply with eviction notices.

According to participants, undocumented community members don’t seem to be served by current housing stock or programming. One participant expressed a concern that monolingual speakers of languages other than English may be taken advantage of by the current housing environment. 23 160
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1-7 Credit and income levels were two major barriers to decent housing in local communities that participants identified. Attendees noted that programs with a “sweat equity” component, such as those offered by Self Help Enterprises, might serve the community well. Additionally, housing types that promote intergenerational housing without forcing overcrowding situations would allow families to share costs.

One participant identified small lot sizes and overreliance on commercial zoning in the past Housing Element cycle as an issue to avoid while developing this cycle’s sites inventories. Another expressed an interest in seeing large lots in the unincorporated county area subdivided into smaller lots. Local residents fear displacement and so have concerns about the development of new housing.

Increased construction costs were a concern raised by several attendees. One participant noted that there is an active market for the development of ADUs within the region, but that there are few housing developers in some cities. Material costs are also unsustainable in the area.

The second focus group was held on November 15th from 9:30 to 11:30 am and was attended by the following stakeholders:
 David Rivas, NCCRC
 Mike Prandini, BIA
 Doa Lur, The Fresno Center
 Mirna Garcia, Envision Fresno
 Phil Skei, City of Fresno
 Rob Terry, City of Selma
 Karl Schoettler, City of Firebaugh
 David Brletic, City of Sanger
 Sophia Pagoulatos, City of Fresno
Some participants expressed concern that some of the data in the Housing Element might be outdated, particularly in light of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, though others felt it was accurate.

Attendees highlighted the gap between program eligibility and the ability to afford available housing, as some applicants for affordable housing programs make too much money to qualify but still can’t afford housing without the program’s assistance. At a recent workshop for community members interested in participating in a down payment assistance program, none of the attendees qualified because their incomes were higher than 80 percent of the area median income. For other community members, being able to show an income level of at least twice the rent of an apartment in the area is impossible.

Lack of cultural competency of homeless services has caused issues for some local members of the Asian/Pacific Islander community. One attendee mentioned that members of this community who are experiencing homelessness prefer to couch surf within the community rather than use formal homeless services, which leads to an undercounting of community members experiencing homelessness. 24 161
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1-8 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Several participants expressed concern about the siting of recent affordable housing projects. In the city of Fresno, a recent project was sited near a rendering plant and far from amenities. Many families in the area require a car to access work and school as well as other amenities, and in many cases families only have one car, which limits their access to these resources if they are far away.

Increases in housing construction and development costs were highlighted as a barrier to meeting community housing needs. Infrastructure costs and district fees, along with increased labor and materials costs, have added to construction costs by a significant amount. This is compounded by competing interests among State agencies, such as limiting water supply while also increasing the amount of housing available. One participant expressed a concern that inclusionary zoning and rent control might provide further cost pressure.

Note: One additional focus group meeting will occur in April 2023. Feedback will be summarized and included.

FARMWORKER AND FARM EMPLOYER SURVEYS
Fresno County completed a survey of farm employers and farmworkers about local housing needs. From September 2021 to January 2022, 170 farm employers were surveyed, and from February to July 2022, 240 farmworkers were surveyed.

Farm worker survey questions included the status of participants’ current housing situation and their preferred housing. Surveys were conducted verbally by County Public Works and Planning staff, and the answers were recorded on paper by the surveyors.

Outreach efforts were scheduled in advance, primarily in April and May 2022. Staff contacted multiple food processing plants, farmers, and labor contractors in Fresno County regarding the on-site surveys or permission to collect an interest list of agriculture workers willing to participate in the survey. All employers were initially contacted by phone. Many of the agencies contacted refused to participate during the initial call. Some employers provided an email contact and attempted to set up dates to conduct the surveys with their employees, but the staff did not receive any responses to email requests. Most of the employers were unwilling to work with the “County” or a government agency.

Additional methods of outreach had to be utilized to reach the farmworkers. These methods included outreach to churches in unincorporated areas of Fresno County, attending community meetings hosted by the County and other agencies such as Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability, door-to-door outreach, and outreach to food distribution sites throughout Fresno County.

One of the most successful methods was the outreach to various food distribution sites throughout the county.

Outreach efforts focused on sites with a dense farmworker population, unincorporated areas of Fresno County (Biola, Caruthers, Del Rey, Easton, Huron, Lanare, Laton, Raisin City, Riverdale, Cantua Creek, and Tranquility), and the participating city of Mendota. Survey participants completed surveys while they waited in line at food distribution sites. County staff also completed surveys at two apartment buildings in the communities of Biola and Del Rey that had been specifically funded to house farmworkers. Staff conducted 25 162
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 1-9 surveys on two separate occasions by going door to door in unincorporated communities and asking occupants if they would like to participate in the survey.

Farm Employer Survey Results for Desired Farm Labor/Worker Housing County staff surveyed a total of 170 farm employers, 25 of whom currently have some type of farm labor housing on site, though not all of this housing is necessarily currently in use. Five of those employers would consider retaining the existing farm labor housing. Of the 145 farm employers who do not have any farm labor housing on-site, 28 would consider adding labor housing as single houses or cottages. One farm employer specified labor housing as apartments. The type of farm operation was not explicitly captured through the survey, but staff was able to determine through the phone conversations that dairy farmers were the most interested in providing on-site housing because their industry requires 24-hour staffing. All respondents said that they would consider providing on-site housing if financing was provided by the government or through grants.

Farmworkers Survey Results for Desired Farm Labor/Worker Housing County staff surveyed 240 farmworkers, including 100 homeowners. Of the nonhomeowners surveyed, five specified a desire to live in owned farm labor housing; four of those specified housing as single-family residences. Only five farmworkers surveyed desired to live in some type of farm labor housing. Further analysis revealed that 47 percent of nonhomeowner households desired homeownership, with single-family residence as the majority choice.

In summary, the surveys indicate that traditional farm labor or worker camp housing is not desired by the Fresno County farmworkers or laborers. Even though a small number of Fresno County farm employers expressed that they might be interested, it would only be if the housing was subsidized. Survey results indicate that employers might have difficulties finding farmworkers to live at those housing units if they were constructed.

TRAVEL SURVEY
The Fresno Council of Governments completed a survey of travel patterns and needs in collaboration with seven other MPOs in the San Joaquin Valley. Results from this survey are primarily used in the calibration and validation of travel demand models. Results from the first round of outreach were available at the time of the publication of the draft Housing Element. This outreach was completed in the spring of 2022 and received 3,753 responses.

Several survey questions allowed respondents to provide information about their current housing situation, current barriers to housing access, and desires for new housing options. Among those who responded to a question regarding barriers to homeownership, the largest group that selected a response (17.1 percent of all survey respondents) stated that they don’t wish to own a home in the community. A slightly smaller group (16.1 percent) answered that they do not currently have the financial resources for mortgage payments. Over onethird of respondents (41.8 percent) identified their neighborhood’s proximity to school, work, or shopping as the best thing about the neighborhood. More than half of respondents (56.9 percent) selected that they wanted to see more single-family homes in their community. The two housing categories that received the next-largest 26 163
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1-10 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 rate of responses were permanent supportive housing (7.0 percent) and apartments (6.3 percent). Most respondents to the survey had not experienced discrimination in housing. The majority of respondents had either one or two cars in their household and were nearly evenly distributed between renters and homeowners. Most respondents lived in a detached single-family house.

TRANSLATION
Flyers, PowerPoints, and language interpretation services were made available in English and Spanish and, depending on community need, Hmong and Punjabi. Interpretation in Spanish was requested and provided at community workshops in the City of Fresno and the unincorporated county areas and for the web live stream of the community workshop in Huron.

OUTREACH NOTICING
Community workshops were advertised through a variety of methods, including physical flyers posted and distributed at central community locations and affordable housing projects. Digital fliers were also distributed to local stakeholders and through the Fresno COG email list and were posted to the Housing Element project website as well as to City websites and Facebook pages. Materials were made available in both English and Spanish in all jurisdictions, and in Hmong and Punjabi for workshops in the City of Fresno.

Council, commission, and board of supervisor’s study sessions were noticed by individual jurisdictions in accordance with the jurisdiction’s standard public meeting noticing procedures. 27 164
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ASSESSMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Regional Housing Needs Assessment ............................................................................... 2-1 Population Trends and Characteristics .............................................................................................. 2-2 Household Trends and Characteristics .............................................................................................. 2-9 Employment Trends and Characteristics ......................................................................................... 2-13 Population and Employment Projections .......................................................................................... 2-21 Housing Inventory and Market Conditions ....................................................................................... 2-22 Housing Cost and Affordability ......................................................................................................... 2-35 Special Needs ................................................................................................................................ 2-39 Inventory of Affordable Rental Housing and At-Risk Status ............................................................. 2-70

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2-ii FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 TABLES
Table 2-1 Change in Total Population (2000-2022) ......................................................................................... 2-2 Table 2-2 Change in Household Population (2010-2020) ............................................................................... 2-3 Table 2-3 Population by Age Group (2020) ..................................................................................................... 2-5 Table 2-4 Change in Households (2010-2020) ................................................................................................ 2-9 Table 2-5 Persons per Household (2020) ...................................................................................................... 2-10 Table 2-6 HUD Income Limits by Persons per Household (2022) ................................................................. 2-11 Table 2-7 State of California Income Categories ........................................................................................... 2-11 Table 2-8 HCD Income Limits by Person per Household (2022) ................................................................... 2-12 Table 2-9 Jurisdictions with Over-Representation of Very Low-Income (VLI) Families (2018) ..................... 2-13 Table 2-10 Employment by Industry (2020) ................................................................................................... 2-17 Table 2-11 Fresno County Job Growth by Industry Sector (2018-2028) ....................................................... 2-20 Table 2-12 Fresno County Population Forecast (2025-2050) ....................................................................... 2-21 Table 2-13 Population of Fresno County and California (1980-2040) ........................................................... 2-22 Table 2-14 Fresno County Employment Forecast (2025-2040) .................................................................... 2-22 Table 2-15 Housing Stock (2010-2022) ......................................................................................................... 2-23 Table 2-16 Affordable vs. Market-Rate Multifamily Housing (1980-2013) ..................................................... 2-25 Table 2-17 Housing Tenure (2020) ................................................................................................................ 2-26 Table 2-18 Housing Stock and Vacancy Rate (2010-2022) .......................................................................... 2-27 Table 2-19 Age of Housing Stock (2020) ....................................................................................................... 2-28 Table 2-20, Overpayment by Tenure (2018) .................................................................................................. 2-31 Table 2-21 Overcrowding by Tenure (2020) .................................................................................................. 2-34 Table 2-22 Home Sales Recorded in 2017, 2021, and 2022 ......................................................................... 2-36 Table 2-23 Residential Rental Rate Comparison (2014-2021) ...................................................................... 2-37 Table 2-24 Fresno County Ability to Pay (2022) ............................................................................................ 2-38 Table 2-25 HUD Fair-Market Rent by Bedroom (2022) ................................................................................. 2-39 Table 2-26 Percentage of the Senior Population (65 and Over) (2020) ........................................................ 2-40 Table 2-27 Senior Households by Tenure (2020) .......................................................................................... 2-41 Table 2-28 Seniors with Disabilities (2020) .................................................................................................... 2-43 Table 2-29 Large Households by Tenure (2020) ........................................................................................... 2-45 Table 2-30 Single Female-Headed Households (2020) ................................................................................ 2-46 Table 2-31 Female-Headed Households in Poverty (2020) .......................................................................... 2-47 Table 2-32 Persons with a Disability (2020) .................................................................................................. 2-49 Table 2-33 Disability by Type (2020) ............................................................................................................. 2-49 Table 2-34 Clients in Fresno County with Developmental Disabilities by Age (2022) ................................... 2-50 Table 2-35 Total Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Count: Fresno County (2022) ................................ 2-52 Table 2-36 Estimated Number of Homeless Persons by Jurisdiction ............................................................ 2-53 Table 2-37 Comparison of 2022 and 2023 Point In Time Homeless Count .................................................. 2-54 Table 2-38 Bed Inventory by Program Type, Fresno County and Madera County (2022) ............................ 2-54 Table 2-39 Emergency Shelters in Fresno County (2023) ............................................................................ 2-56 Table 2-40 Residential Care Facilities (2023) ................................................................................................ 2-58 Table 2-41 Farmworkers in Fresno County by Days Worked (2017) ............................................................ 2-61 Table 2-42 Estimated Farmworkers (2020) ................................................................................................... 2-62 29 166
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-iii Table 2-43 Migrant Worker Student Population ............................................................................................. 2-65 Table 2-44 Limited English-Speaking Households ........................................................................................ 2-67 Table 2-45 Resources for Farmworkers ........................................................................................................ 2-68 Table 2-46 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure (2018) ............................................................... 2-70 Table 2-47 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment - Fresno County, Clovis, and Coalinga (2018) ........................................................................................................................... 2-71 Table 2-48 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Firebaugh, Fowler, and Fresno (2018) ............................................................................................................................. 2-71 Table 2-49 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Firebaugh, Fowler, and Fresno (2018) ............................................................................................................................. 2-72 Table 2-50 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Mendota, Orange Cove, and Parlier (2018) ................................................................................................................... 2-72 Table 2-51 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment - Reedley, Sanger, and San Joaquin (2018) ................................................................................................................... 2-73 Table 2-52 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Selma and Unincorporated Fresno County (2018) .................................................................................................................................... 2-73 Table 2-53 Qualified Entities (2022) .............................................................................................................. 2-75

FIGURES
Figure 2-1. Race and Ethnicity (2020) ....................................................................................................... 2-7 Figure 2-2. Median Household Income (2020) ........................................................................................ 2-12 Figure 2-3. Employment by Industry (2020) ............................................................................................. 2-15 Figure 2-3. Employment by Industry (2020) (cont) .................................................................................. 2-16 Figure2-4. Unemployment Rate (2022) .................................................................................................. 2-19 Figure 2-5. Fresno County Average Annual Job Openings by Entry-Level Education (2010-2020) ...... 2-21 Figure 2-6. Median Sales Price for Fresno County .................................................................................. 2-35 Figure 2-7. Farm Employment, Fresno County ........................................................................................ 2-62 Figure 2-8. Farm Labor in Fresno County ................................................................................................ 2-63

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REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS

ASSESSMENT
This section provides a comprehensive assessment of housing needs as the basis for developing responsive policies and implementation programs. This section summarizes demographic, employment, and housing characteristics for the jurisdictions in Fresno County. The main source of the information is the pre-approved data package for Fresno County provided by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), which is noted in the sources for the data tables in this section. The pre-approved data package uses several data sources, including the 2020 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) and the California Department of Finance (DOF) population estimates. Other sources of information in this section include the Fresno County Council of Governments (FCOG), the California Employment Development Department (EDD), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and local economic data (e.g., home sales prices, rents, wages). It is important to note that the ACS data is a multi-year estimate based on sample data and has a large margin of error, especially for smaller cities. One jurisdiction (Clovis) did not participate in the multi-jurisdictional housing element and is not represented in the tables or analysis. 2 32
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2-2 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023

POPULATION TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS
Population Change
The DOF provides population estimates for each jurisdiction, shown in Table 2-1, Change in Total Population (2000-2022). Analyzing population change can help assess where there may be a need for new housing and services.

Fresno County had a total population of approximately 1,011,499 in 2022. More than half the countywide population resides in the city of Fresno. The unincorporated area has the next-largest population of 158,846, followed by the city of Clovis with a population of 124,523. The remaining cities have populations of about 26,000 or less.

The countywide average annual growth was 1.2 percent between 2000 and 2022, compared to -0.01 percent statewide. The city with the greatest average annual population change from 2000 to 2022 was Kerman, with a 4.5 percent increase, followed by Fowler and Clovis with 3.6 and 3.7 percent average annual growth, respectively.

Table 2-1 Change in Total Population (2000-2022)
Jurisdiction
Total Population 2000-2022
2000 2010 2020 2022 Total
Change
Average
Annual
Growth
Fresno County 799,407 930,450 1,020,292 1,011,499 212,092 1.2% Clovis 68,516 95,631 118,741 124,523 56,007 3.7%
Coalinga 15,798 18,087 17,177 17,237 1,439 0.4%
Firebaugh 5,743 7,549 8,035 8,495 2,752 2.2%
Fowler 3,979 5,570 6,436 7,168 3,189 3.6%
Fresno 427,719 494,665 543,451 543,428 115,709 1.2%
Huron 6,310 6,754 7,297 6,124 -186 -0.1%
Kerman 8,548 13,544 15,922 16,955 8,407 4.5%
Kingsburg 9,231 11,382 12,879 12,865 3,634 1.8%
Mendota 7,890 11,014 12,424 12,463 4,573 2.6%
Orange Cove 7,722 9,078 9,562 9,463 1,741 1.0%
Parlier 11,145 14,494 15,797 14,402 3,257 1.3%
Reedley 20,756 24,194 25,974 25,381 4,625 1.0%
Sanger 18,931 24,270 27,157 26,241 7,310 1.8%
San Joaquin 3,270 4,001 4,137 3,608 338 0.5%
Selma 19,444 23,219 24,405 24,300 4,856 1.1%
Unincorporated
County 164,405 171,705 170,898 158,846 -5,559 -0.2%
Source: Department of Finance, E5, 2020-2022.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-3 Household and Group Quarters Population
The total population includes the household population and people living in group quarters. A household includes all persons who occupy a housing unit as their usual place of residence. This may include a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated persons who share living arrangements. Group quarters include such places as college residence halls, residential treatment centers, skilled nursing facilities, group homes, military barracks, correctional facilities, and workers’ dormitories.

As shown in Table 2-2, Change in Household Population (2010-2020), the population living in group quarters in most of the jurisdictions was very small. However, the group quarters population in Fresno, Coalinga, and the unincorporated county were much larger. In Coalinga, this group quarters population primarily resides in the Pleasant Valley State Prison and the Coalinga State Hospital. In Fresno, three local detention facilities are located downtown with a fourth located two miles south of downtown.

Although the total population in Coalinga, shown in Table 2-1, increased between 2010 and 2020, there was a reduction in the group quarters population (at Pleasant Valley State Prison) as a result of recent changes to state and federal policies. As shown in Table 2-2, the group quarters population in Coalinga decreased from 6,335 in 2010 to 4,499 in 2020, while the household population slightly increased.

Table 2-2 Change in Household Population (2010-2020)
2010 2022
2010 to 2022
Numerical
Change
Percent
Change
Clovis Household Population 95,243 123,246 28,003 29.4% Group Quarters Population 388 419 31 8.0%
Coalinga Household Population 11,752 12,778 1,026 8.7%
Group Quarters Population 6,335 4,499 -1,836 -29.0%
Firebaugh Household Population 7,536 8,425 889 11.8%
Group Quarters Population 13 14 1 7.7%
Fowler Household Population 5,523 6,911 1,388 25.1%
Group Quarters Population 47 51 4 8.5%
Fresno Household Population 485,798 533,506 47,708 9.8% Group Quarters Population 8,867 10,154 1,287 14.5%
Huron Household Population 6,754 6,170 -584 -8.6%
Group Quarters Population 0 0 0 0.0%
Kerman Household Population 13,537 16,631 3,094 22.9%
Group Quarters Population 7 8 1 14.3%
Kingsburg Household Population 11,300 12,417 1,117 9.9% Group Quarters Population 82 89 7 8.5%
Mendota Household Population 11,014 12,440 1,426 12.9%
Group Quarters Population 0 0 0 0.0%
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2-4 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2010 2022
2010 to 2022
Numerical
Change
Percent
Change
Orange Cove Household Population 9,078 9,497 419 4.6%
Group Quarters Population 0 0 0 0.0%
Parlier Household Population 14,492 14,495 3 0.02%
Group Quarters Population 2 2 0 0.0%
Reedley Household Population 23,945 24,767 822 3.4%
Group Quarters Population 249 215 -34 -13.7%
Sanger Household Population 24,136 26,159 2,023 8.4%
Group Quarters Population 134 145 11 8.2%
San Joaquin Household Population 4,001 3,639 -362 -9.0% Group Quarters Population 0 0 0 0.0%
Selma Household Population 23,054 24,344 1,290 5.6%
Group Quarters Population 165 178 13 7.9%
Unincorporated Household Population 159,429 157,476 -1,953 -1.2% Group Quarters Population 1,234 2,598 1,364 110.5%
Fresno County Household Population 906,592 835,425 -71,167 -7.8% Group Quarters Population 17,523 15,774 -1,749 -10.0%
Source: Department of Finance, E5, 2021-2022.

Age Characteristics
Although population growth strongly affects total demand for new housing, housing needs are also influenced by age characteristics. Typically, different age groups have distinct lifestyles, family characteristics, and incomes. As people move through each stage of life, their housing needs and preferences also change. Age characteristics are therefore important in planning for the changing housing needs of residents.

Table 2-3, Population by Age Group (2020), shows a breakdown of each jurisdiction’s population by age group and the median age. The age groups include school-age children (ages 5-17), college-age students (ages 18-24), young adults (ages 25-44), middle-aged adults (ages 45-64), and seniors (ages 65+). A population with a large percentage of seniors may require unique housing that accommodates disabilities, located near health care, transit, and other services. College students may need more affordable homes. Young adults and middle-aged adults, which make up the workforce, may need homes near employment or transit centers with adequate size for families. San Joaquin, Orange Cove, and Mendota have a large proportion of school-age students, while Mendota, Orange Cove and Coalinga have a large percentage of college-age populations in association with colleges (Fresno City College, California State University Fresno, Fresno Pacific University, and California Christian College). Fowler and Unincorporated Fresno County had a significantly high percentage of seniors followed by Clovis and Kingsburg.

Seniors as a cohort on average comprise 12 percent of the population, in contrast to the young and middle-aged adults. Mendota and Orange Cove have the lowest median age at about 25. Kingsburg has the highest median age at about 34, nine years higher. Median age data for the unincorporated areas was not available. 35 172
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-5 Table 2-3 Population by Age Group (2020)
Jurisdiction
5 to 17 years 18 to 24
years 25-44 years 45-64 years 65 years and over Median
School-age Age
Students
College-age
Students
Young
Adults
Middle-aged
Adults Seniors
Fresno County 28.4% 9.9% 28.0% 21.5% 12.2% 32.4
Clovis 28.8% 8.0% 27.1% 23.1% 13.0% 34.8
Coalinga 21.5% 12.0% 35.5% 21.3% 9.8% 30.4
Firebaugh 33.4% 10.0% 22.2% 24.3% 10.2% 29.9
Fowler 28.9% 7.6% 24.1% 24.1% 15.4% 34.1
Fresno 28.3% 10.8% 29.3% 20.3% 11.5% 31.4
Huron 31.5% 7.5% 29.0% 25.1% 7.0% 28.1
Kerman 31.9% 9.5% 29.6% 19.5% 9.6% 28.8
Kingsburg 30.1% 7.6% 29.3% 20.4% 12.6% 34.5
Mendota 39.1% 11.0% 24.0% 19.0% 6.9% 24.9
Orange Cove 37.4% 11.5% 25.1% 18.6% 7.4% 25.8
Parlier 34.6% 10.7% 28.7% 17.8% 8.2% 28.2
Reedley 31.7% 10.2% 26.4% 21.4% 10.2% 30.7
Sanger 31.7% 8.8% 29.5% 20.3% 9.7% 31.6
San Joaquin 35.4% 10.6% 28.5% 19.6% 5.9% 26.5
Selma 29.1% 10.7% 28.7% 20.4% 11.1% 30.0
Unincorporated
County 25.7% 8.4% 24.3% 25.1% 16.6% -
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) 36 173
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-7Population by Race/Ethnicity Figure 2-1, Race and Ethnicity (2020) shows race and ethnicity of residents in Fresno County jurisdictions. The majority of the population in most jurisdictions – except for the unincorporated county, Fresno, Kingsburg and Clovis – is Hispanic (of any race). Countywide, more than half of the population identified as being of Hispanic or Latino origin. The populations of Huron, Mendota, Parlier, and San Joaquin City are all more than 95.0 percent Hispanic. Clovis has the lowest percentage at 30.5 percent. The second-largest population group is White, Not-Hispanic, with a high of 48.2 percent in Clovis. The populations in the Clovis, Kerman, Fowler, Fresno and unincorporated county have Asian populations above 5.0 percent, with the highest proportions in Fresno and Fowler.

FIGURE 2-1. RACE AND ETHNICITY (2020)
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) Note: Other race includes Two or More Races, and Some Other Race.

Fresno
County Clovis Coalinga Firebaugh Fowler Fresno Huron Kerman Kingsburg Mendota Orange Cove Reedley Parlier San Joaquin Sanger Selma Unincorp.

Fresno
County
Other Race 2.6% 5.4% 2.4% 0.7% 1.8% 3.6% 0.5% 1.7% 4.2% 0.7% 0.6% 2.2% 0.4% 0.8% 1.6% 2.1% 3.5%Asian Not, Hispanic 10.5% 12.8% 2.3% 0.2% 13.1% 14.4% 0.8% 7.5% 3.4% 0.1% 0.7% 2.7% 0.3% 0.2% 3.1% 4.4% 7.2%American Indian and Alaska Native Alone, Not Hispanic 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.0% 0.4% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.8%Black or African American, Not Hispanic 4.4% 2.5% 3.8% 0.4% 1.4% 6.9% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.9% 0.7% 0.6% 1.4%White, Not Hispanic 28.7% 48.2% 27.0% 6.2% 16.9% 23.9% 2.5% 11.9% 43.4% 2.4% 3.4% 15.5% 1.4% 2.3% 11.8% 11.2% 36.8%Hispanic or Latino of Any Race 53.4% 30.5% 63.9% 92.5% 66.4% 50.5% 95.7% 78.2% 48.3% 96.6% 94.9% 79.1% 97.6% 95.6% 82.6% 81.2% 50.3% 0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-9

HOUSEHOLD TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS
A household refers to the people occupying a home, such as a family, a single person, or unrelated persons living together. This estimate does not include people living in group homes. Families often prefer single-family homes to accommodate children, while single persons often occupy smaller apartments or condominiums. Single-person households often include seniors living alone or young adults.

Historical Growth
Table 2-4, Change in Households (2010-2020), shows the change in the number of households by jurisdiction between 2010 and 2020. Orange Cove had the most significant average annual growth in the number of households from 2010 to 2020 (3.0 percent) followed by Huron, Fowler, Parlier, and Coalinga with just under 2.2 percent growth. The unincorporated area and Kingsburg lost population (-0.2 percent). The cities with the slowest amount of growth were San Joaquin followed by Firebaugh and Reedley, at 4.2 percent, 6.3 percent, and 7.0 percent respectively.

Table 2-4 Change in Households (2010-2020)
Jurisdiction 2010 2020 Change
2010-2020
Percentage
Change
2010-2020
Average
Annual Growth
2010-2020
County Total 289,391 310,097 20,706 7.2% 0.7%
Clovis 33,419 37,726 4,307 12.9% 1.3%
Coalinga 3,896 4,552 656 16.8% 1.7%
Firebaugh 1,920 2,041 121 6.3% 0.6%
Fowler 1,723 2,035 312 18.1% 1.8%
Fresno 158,349 170,137 11,788 7.4% 0.7%
Huron 1,532 1,874 342 22.3% 2.2%
Kerman 3,692 4,113 421 11.4% 1.1%
Kingsburg 3,822 3,754 -68 -1.8% -0.2%
Mendota 2,424 2,838 414 17.1% 1.7%
Orange Cove 2,068 2,682 614 29.7% 3.0%
Parlier 3,297 3,875 578 17.5% 1.8%
Reedley 6,569 7,030 461 7.0% 0.7%
Sanger 6,659 7,419 760 11.4% 1.1%
San Joaquin 882 919 37 4.2% 0.4%
Selma 6,416 7,225 809 12.6% 1.3%
Unincorporated County 52,723 51,877 -846 -1.6% -0.2%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) 40 177
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2-10 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Household Formation and Composition
Table 2-5, Persons per Household (2020), shows the average household size for Fresno County in 2020. A higher persons-per-household ratio indicates a larger proportion of families, especially large families, and fewer singleperson households. The Fresno region has larger households than the statewide average. Countywide, the average household size was 3.1 persons per household in 2020, compared to 2.9 statewide. The two cities with the largest average household size in 2020 were Mendota (4.3) and Sanger (4.4), followed closely by Parlier (4.0), and Firebaugh, Huron, and Orange Cove (3.8). The cities with the lowest persons per household ratio were Clovis, Coalinga and Fresno (3.0), followed by Fowler (3.1) and Kingsburg (3.2). The larger household size throughout the county indicates a need for housing units with adequate number of rooms to accommodate families without overcrowding.

Table 2-5 Persons per Household (2020)
City Average Persons Per Household
Fresno County 3.1
Clovis 3.0
Coalinga 3.0
Firebaugh 3.8
Fowler 3.1
Fresno 3.0
Huron 3.8
Kerman 3.6
Kingsburg 3.2
Mendota 4.3
Orange Cove 3.8
Parlier 4.0
Reedley 3.6
Sanger 4.4
San Joaquin 3.6
Selma 3.4
Unincorporated County 3.0
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020)
Household Income
Household income is a key factor affecting housing opportunity, determining a household’s ability to balance housing costs with other basic necessities. Income levels can vary considerably among households based on employment, occupation, educational attainment, tenure, household type, location of residence, and race/ethnicity, among other factors.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-11 Income Definitions and Income Limits
The state and federal governments classify household income into several categories based on the relationship to the county area median income (AMI), adjusted for household size. The HUD estimate of AMI is used to set income limits for eligibility in federal housing programs. The income categories include:
 Extremely low-income households, which earn up to 30 percent of the AMI;  Very low-income households, which earn between 31 and 50 percent of the AMI;  Low-income households, which earn between 51 and 80 percent of the AMI; and  Median-income households, which earn 100 percent of the AMI.

For all income categories, income limits are defined for various household sizes based on a four-person household as a reference point. Income limits for larger or smaller households are calculated by HUD (see Table 2-6, HUD Income Limits by Persons per Household). According to HUD, the AMI for a four-person household in Fresno County was $72,900 in 2022.

Table 2-6 HUD Income Limits by Persons per Household (2022) Fresno County
Income Categories
Median
Income
Persons per Household
1 2 3 4 5
Extremely Low-Income Household (30%*)
$72,900
$16,350 $18,700 $23,030 $27,750 $32,470
Very Low-Income Household (50%) $27,300 $31,200 $35,100 $38,950 $42,100 Low-Income Household (80%) $43,650 $49,850 $56,100 $62,300 $67,300 Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2022.

HCD uses the income categories shown in Table 2-7, State of California Income Categories, to determine eligibility for state housing programs. HCD’s methodology for calculating AMI is slightly different from HUD’s methodology; therefore, the AMI and income limits vary.

Table 2-7 State of California Income Categories
Income Category Percentage of County
Area Median Income (AMI)
Acutely Low 0%-15% of AMI
Extremely Low 15%-30% AMI
Very Low 31%-50% AMI
Low 51%-80% AMI
Moderate 81%-120% AMI
Above Moderate 120% AMI or greater
Source: Section 50063.5 of the California Health and Safety Code.

The State income limits for Fresno County are shown in Table 2-8, HCD Income Limits by Person per Household (2022). The California 2022 AMI for a four-person household in Fresno County is $80,300 (compared to the federal estimate of $72,900). A four-person household earning $62,300 or less would be considered low-income. 42 179
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2-12 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-8 HCD Income Limits by Person per Household (2022) Fresno County Income
Categories
Persons per Household
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Acutely Low $8,450 $9,650 $10,850 $12,050 $13,000 $14,000 $14,950 $15,900 Extremely Low-Income
Household (30%*) $16,350 $18,700 $23,030 $27,750 $32,470 $37,190 $41,910 $46,630 Very Low-Income
Household (50%*) $27,300 $31,200 $35,100 $38,950 $42,100 $45,200 $48,300 $51,450 Low-Income Household
(80%*) $43,650 $49,850 $56,100 $62,300 $67,300 $72,300 $77,300 $82,250 Median-Income Household
(100%*) $56,200 $64,250 $72,250 $80,300 $86,700 $93,150 $99,550 $106,000 Moderate-Income
Household (120%*) $67,450 $77,100 $86,700 $96,350 $104,050 $117,750 $119,450 $127,200 *Percentage Estimate of AMI: $80,300
Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), 2022.

Median-Household Income
Figure 2-2, Median Household Income (2020), shows actual median household income for the jurisdictions in Fresno County, as reported by the 2020 ACS 5-Year Estimates. This median income is for all households, regardless of household size. The median household income in California was $78,672 in 2020, higher than the Fresno County median of $57,109. The city with the highest median household income in 2020 was Clovis at $84,119, followed by the Kingsburg at $73,281. The city with the lowest median income was Orange Cove at $25,587, with five cities, Firebaugh, Huron, Mendota, Parlier, and San Joaquin with incomes below $40,000.

FIGURE 2-2. MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME (2020)
Note: Data for unincorporated area is based on compilation of available CDP data.

Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020). $57,109
$84,119
$62,420
$36,411
$59,663
$53,368
$31,429
$61,599
$73,281
$36,376
$25,587
$37,434
$45,850
$37,225
$52,349
$42,059
$62,571
$78,672
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
43 180
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-13 According to the 2014-2018 HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) Data, Firebaugh, Huron, Orange Cove, Sanger, and Selma all have a higher representation of very low-income households than the countywide average rate of 12.8 percent, as shown in Table 2-9, Jurisdictions with Over-Representation of Very Low-Income (VLI) Families (2018). This data suggests that these households may experience challenges in finding housing affordable within their incomes.

Table 2-9 Jurisdictions with Over-Representation of Very Low-Income (VLI) Families (2018) Jurisdiction Total Families Estimated VLI
Families
Jurisdiction VLI
Rate
Fresno Countywide Average 304,625 39,010 12.8%
Firebaugh 2,170 465 21.4%
Huron 1,770 410 23.2%
Orange Cove 2,385 670 28.1%
Sanger 7,085 1,225 17.3%
Selma 6,755 1,175 17.4%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- CHAS (2014-2018)

EMPLOYMENT TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS
Fresno County’s economy has a significant impact on housing needs. Employment growth typically results in increased housing demand in areas that serve as regional employment centers. Moreover, the type of occupation and associated income levels for new employment also affect housing demand. This section describes the economic and employment patterns in Fresno County and how these patterns influence housing needs.

Employment and Wage Scale by Industry
Occupations held by residents determine the income earned by a household and their corresponding ability to afford housing. Higher-paying jobs provide broader housing opportunities for residents, while lower-paying jobs limit housing options. Understanding employment and occupation patterns can provide insight into present housing needs.

Figure 2-3, Employment by Industry (2020), and Table 2-10, Employment by Industry, show employment by industry for each jurisdiction. In Fresno County, the most common industry, at 24.7 percent, is educational services, health care and social assistance (shown in Figure 2-3 in red). This industry is also the most common in Clovis, Coalinga, Fowler, Fresno City, Kerman, Kingsburg, Sanger, Selma, and the unincorporated area.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining holds a significant percentage of employment in Firebaugh, Huron, Mendota, Orange Cove, Parlier, Reedley, and San Joaquin. Huron has the highest percentage at 63.6 percent.

These areas are more rural and strongly based in agriculture.

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2-14 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 This page intentionally left blank.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-15 FIGURE 2-3. EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY (2020)

8.8%

5.9%

6.7%

3.4%

10.6%

5.7%

1.3%

4.5%

9.1%

24.7%

8.2%

4.8%

6.1%

1.3%

5.4%

5.5%

3.2%

10.4%

5.6%

1.9%

6.2%

10.0%

30.1%

8.1%

4.2%

8.1%

14.5%

6.2%

2.5%

1.2%

6.7%

5.8%

0.1%

0.7%

5.3%

37.0%

7.4%

1.3%

11.4%

40.7%

1.4%

18.8%

5.5%

6.1%

2.8%

0.4%

2.6%

10.3%

3.7%

4.2%

3.6%

7.5%

6.7%

8.0%

1.1%

12.9%

6.2%

0.6%

2.1%

5.3%

30.1%

8.6%

3.8%

7.0%

4.3%

5.8%

6.7%

3.0%

11.1%

6.1%

1.6%

4.9%

10.0%

25.3%

9.5%

5.4%

6.2%

63.6%

5.3%

5.0%

0.8%

6.0%

0.9%

0.0%

1.6%

0.7%

7.4%

5.9%

1.8%

1.1%

17.2%

10.7%

9.0%

3.6%

7.6%

0.7%

2.5%

4.2%

22.6%

6.3%

4.8%

3.2%

5.5%

7.7%

8.3%

6.9%

10.2%

6.9%

0.2%

5.2%

6.0%

23.3%

5.5%

8.8%

5.6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, and Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities
Information
Finance and Insurance, Real Estate, Rental and Leasing
Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, Waste Management Services Educational Services, Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation and Food Services Other Services, Except Public Administration
Public Administration
Fresno County Clovis Coalinga Firebaugh Fowler Fresno Huron Kerman Kingburg 46 183
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SECTION 2: REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
2-16 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 FIGURE 2-3. EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY (2020) (CONT)
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020)

59.3%

1.3%

6.0%

3.4%

7.7%

2.8%

0.4%

1.9%

4.6%

8.0%

1.8%

0.9%

2.0%

42.6%

5.2%

8.4%

10.3%

4.2%

2.1%

6.9%

10.5%

5.8%

1.9%

2.0%

34.3%

3.8%

8.7%

6.9%

8.4%

5.0%

0.2%

0.8%

6.3%

15.5%

4.7%

3.7%

1.8%

27.2%

4.3%

8.8%

4.7%

8.7%

4.4%

0.2%

3.2%

4.8%

22.4%

4.7%

3.3%

45.2%

2.3%

3.5%

5.8%

10.9%

0.8%

1.6%

0.0%

1.8%

15.9%

8.8%

2.7%

0.7%

10.6%

5.7%

8.9%

4.3%

12.1%

6.6%

0.4%

4.2%

5.2%

25.1%

5.8%

4.3%

6.8%

12.5%

4.3%

10.1%

5.4%

10.7%

5.6%

0.8%

1.7%

10.1%

22.2%

5.9%

5.4%

13.6%

7.3%

6.1%

3.4%

10.8%

5.3%

0.7%

4.5%

9.3%

22.3%

6.7%

4.1%

6.0%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, and Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities
Information
Finance and Insurance, Real Estate, Rental and Leasing
Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, Waste Management Services Educational Services, Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation and Food Services Other Services, Except Public Administration
Public Administration
Mendota Orange Cove Parlier Reedley San Joaquin Sanger Selma Unincorporated County 47 184
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SECTION 2: HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-17Table 2-10 Employment by Industry (2020) Civilian employed population
16 years and over
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
and hunting, and mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation, warehousing,
and utilities
Information
Finance, insurance, and real
estate
Professional, scientific, and
management, and
administrative and waste
management services
Educational services, and
health care and social
assistance
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation, and
accommodation and food
services
Other services, except public
administration
Public administration
Fresno County
# 408,625 36,163 24,099 27,511 13,965 43,380 23,462 5,129 18,509 37,345 100,999 33,497 19,527 25,039 % 100% 8.8% 5.9% 6.7% 3.4% 10.6% 5.7% 1.3% 4.5% 9.1% 24.7% 8.2% 4.8% 6.1% Clovis # 51,408 646 2,782 2,834 1,640 5,324 2,898 968 3,172 5,137 15,481 4,177 2,166 4,183 % 100% 1.3% 5.4% 5.5% 3.2% 10.4% 5.6% 1.9% 6.2% 10.0% 30.1% 8.1% 4.2% 8.1% Coalinga # 5,648 817 348 139 69 377 326 8 39 299 2,090 420 72 644 % 100% 14.5% 6.2% 2.5% 1.2% 6.7% 5.8% 0.1% 0.7% 5.3% 37.0% 7.4% 1.3% 11.4% Firebaugh # 2,590 1,054 36 486 142 157 72 0 10 68 268 96 108 93 % 100% 40.7% 1.4% 18.8% 5.5% 6.1% 2.8% 0.0% 0.4% 2.6% 10.3% 3.7% 4.2% 3.6% Fowler # 2,526 190 170 202 29 327 157 15 54 134 760 216 96 176 % 100% 7.5% 6.7% 8.0% 1.1% 12.9% 6.2% 0.6% 2.1% 5.3% 30.1% 8.6% 3.8% 7.0% Fresno # 218,708 9,414 12,688 14,622 6,667 24,346 13,356 3,447 10,643 21,951 55,432 20,857 11,806 13,479 % 100% 4.3% 5.8% 6.7% 3.0% 11.1% 6.1% 1.6% 4.9% 10.0% 25.3% 9.5% 5.4% 6.2% Huron # 2,494 1,586 131 125 20 150 23 0 39 17 184 148 44 27 % 100% 63.6% 5.3% 5.0% 0.8% 6.0% 0.9% 0.0% 1.6% 0.7% 7.4% 5.9% 1.8% 1.1% Kerman # 6,135 1,055 657 552 220 468 465 43 155 256 1,384 388 293 199 % 100% 17.2% 10.7% 9.0% 3.6% 7.6% 7.6% 0.7% 2.5% 4.2% 22.6% 6.3% 4.8% 3.2% Kingsburg # 5,103 280 392 426 350 522 350 9 267 305 1,188 281 449 284 % 100% 5.5% 7.7% 8.3% 6.9% 10.2% 6.9% 0.2% 5.2% 6.0% 23.3% 5.5% 8.8% 5.6% 48 185
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SECTION 2: HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
2-18 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Civilian employed population
16 years and over
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
and hunting, and mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation, warehousing,
and utilities
Information
Finance, insurance, and real
estate
Professional, scientific, and
management, and
administrative and waste
management services
Educational services, and
health care and social
assistance
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation, and
accommodation and food
services
Other services, except public
administration
Public administration
Mendota
# 4,263 2,526 54 255 143 329 118 17 79 196 343 78 39 86 % 100% 59.3% 1.3% 6.0% 3.4% 7.7% 2.8% 0.4% 1.9% 4.6% 8.0% 1.8% 0.9% 2.0% Orange Cove
# 3,567 1,519 184 300 369 151 74 0 0 246 376 208 67 73
% 100% 42.6% 5.2% 8.4% 10.3% 4.2% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 6.9% 10.5% 5.8% 1.9% 2.0% Parlier
# 6,579 2,254 251 572 454 554 328 14 53 415 1,017 307 243 117 % 100% 34.3% 3.8% 8.7% 6.9% 8.4% 5.0% 0.2% 0.8% 6.3% 15.5% 4.7% 3.7% 1.8% Reedley
# 9,686 2,632 416 856 460 847 431 18 309 461 2,166 455 317 318 % 100% 27.2% 4.3% 8.8% 4.7% 8.7% 4.4% 0.2% 3.2% 4.8% 22.4% 4.7% 3.3% 3.3% Sanger
# 11,372 1,204 644 1,013 490 1,381 751 42 477 590 2,860 654 494 772 % 100% 10.6% 5.7% 8.9% 4.3% 12.1% 6.6% 0.4% 4.2% 5.2% 25.1% 5.8% 4.3% 6.8% San Joaquin
# 1,313 594 30 46 76 143 11 21 0 23 209 116 35 9
% 100% 45.2% 2.3% 3.5% 5.8% 10.9% 0.8% 1.6% 0.0% 1.8% 15.9% 8.8% 2.7% 0.7% Selma
# 9,987 1,245 429 1,011 539 1,064 557 83 168 1,004 2,216 586 544 541 % 100% 12.5% 4.3% 10.1% 5.4% 10.7% 5.6% 0.8% 1.7% 10.1% 22.2% 5.9% 5.4% 5.4% Unincorp. County
# 67,246 9,147 4,887 4,072 2,297 7,240 3,545 444 3,044 6,243 15,025 4,510 2,754 4,038 % 100% 13.6% 7.3% 6.1% 3.4% 10.8% 5.3% 0.7% 4.5% 9.3% 22.3% 6.7% 4.1% 6.0% Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) 49 186
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-19 Unemployment
According to the California EDD, in 2020, the statewide unemployment rate was 4.0 percent. The unemployment rate in Fresno County was significantly higher than the statewide rate at 5.8 percent. Figure 2-4, Unemployment Rate (2022), shows unemployment in Fresno County by jurisdiction. The city with the highest unemployment rate was Firebaugh at 14.4 percent, followed by Huron at 12.9 percent. Parlier and Clovis had the lowest unemployment rate at about 3 percent, followed by Kingsburg at 3.5 percent, and Fowler at 3.6 percent. The high unemployment rate in many of the jurisdictions suggests that residents may be experiencing barriers to accessing employment opportunities and therefore may be at risk for housing displacement or homelessness.

FIGURE 2-4. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (2022)
Source: California Employment Development Department, June 2022.

Labor Force Trends
Table 2-11, Fresno County Job Growth by Industry Sector (2018-2028), shows employment projections by industry sector in Fresno County from 2018 to 2028. According to EDD data, industry employment in Fresno County is expected to grow by 30,800 jobs between 2018 and 2028, to an estimated 452,000 by 2022. Total nonfarm employment is projected to gain approximately 28,300 jobs by 2022. The health care and social assistance, educational services (private), leisure and hospitality sectors are expected to account for approximately 50 percent of all nonfarm job growth. The number of jobs in the educational services (private) industry is expected to increase by 17.8 percent. Health care and social assistance is projected to grow by 18.2 percent.

5.9%

3.1%

6.4%

14.5%

3.6%

4.6%

12.9%

7.5%

3.5%

10.9%

8.5%

3.0%

12.5%

9.6%

6.8%

5.4% 5.3%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%
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2-20 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-11 Fresno County Job Growth by Industry Sector (2018-2028) Industry Title Estimated
Employment 2018
Projected
Employment 2028
Numeric
Change
2018-2028
Percentage
Change
2018-2028
Total Employment 421,200 452,000 30,800 7.3%
Mining and Logging 300 400 100 33.3%
Construction 31,400 34,300 2,900 9.2%
Manufacturing 64,100 65,400 1,300 2.0%
Trade, Transportation, and Utilities 164,900 174,100 9,200 5.6% Information 3,600 3,700 100 2.8%
Financial Activities 33,400 34,500 1,100 3.3%
Professional and Business Services 83,900 90,200 6,300 7.5% Educational Services (Private) 73,100 86,100 13,000 17.8% Health Care and Social Assistance 131,100 155,000 23,900 18.2% Leisure and Hospitality 93,700 106,000 12,300 13.1%
Other Services (excludes Private
Household Workers) 11,900 12,400 500 4.2%
Federal Government 10,000 10,100 100 1.0%
State and Local Government 64,600 66,900 2,300 3.6%
Type of Employment
Total Nonfarm 353,200 381,500 28,300 8.0%
Total Farm 44,200 45,500 1,300 2.9%
Self-Employment 23,300 24,600 1,100 4.7%
Private Household Workers 300 400 100 33.3%
Source: California Employment Development Department, 2018-2028 Fresno Industry Employment Projections, published April 2021.

Figure 2-5, Fresno County Average Annual Job Openings by Entry-Level Education (2010-2020) shows the average annual job openings by entry-level education. According to California EDD, most expected job openings between 2010 and 2020 will require a high school diploma or less. Registered nurses are the only occupation among the top 10 occupations with the largest number of job openings that has an entry education level requirement higher than a high school diploma. Of the top 20 occupations on the list of fastest-growing jobs, 13 are in a constructionrelated field due to the expected recovery in the construction industry over the projection period. Occupations requiring less education generally correspond to lower earnings potential, suggesting that housing affordable to lower-income households will continue to be needed throughout Fresno County. 51 188
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-21 FIGURE 2-5. FRESNO COUNTY AVERAGE ANNUAL JOB OPENINGS BY ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION (2010-2020)
Source: California Employment Development Department, 2018-2028 Fresno County Projection Highlights. April 2021.

POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
Table 2-12, Fresno County Population Forecast (2025-2050), and Table 2-14, Fresno County Employment Forecast (2025-2050), show population and employment forecasts, which are from the Fresno County 2019-2050 growth projections prepared for the Fresno County Council of Governments.

Population Forecast
Based on the forecast shown in Table 2-12, countywide population will grow to an estimated 1,240,090 persons by the year 2050. This assumes an average annual growth rate of 0.6 percent between 2025 and 2050. In the past, the county population has increased at rates of 2.0 percent a year from 1970 to 1990, and 1.8 percent a year from 2010 to 2014. During the next two and a half decades (2025-2050), 170,290, or 15.9 percent more people are expected to reside in Fresno County.

Table 2-12 Fresno County Population Forecast (2025-2050) Year Population
2025 1,069,800
2030 1,112,010
2035 1,151,390
2040 1,185,850
2045 1,215,740
2050 1,240,090
Source: Fresno County 2019-2050 Growth Projections.
489,690
288,320
142,110
55,160
75,110
16,800
19,630
55,160
0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000
Less than high school
High school diploma or equivalent
Bachelor's degree
Associate's degree
Post secondary non-degree award
Doctoral or Professional degree
Master's degree
Some College, no degree
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SECTION 2: HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT
2-22 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Fresno County’s share of California’s population is expected to steadily increase, as shown in Table 2-13, Population of Fresno County and California (1980-2040). From 1980 to 2010, the County share of the State’s population grew from 2.2 to 2.5 percent. By 2040, that share is expected to increase to 2.7 percent, indicating that housing at adequate price points and sizes to accommodate the increased population will be needed.

Table 2-13 Population of Fresno County and California (1980-2040) Year Fresno County Population California Population
Fresno County
Share of California
Population
1980 514,621 23,667,764 2.2%
1990 667,490 29,760,021 2.2%
2000 700,407 33,871,648 2.1%
2010 930,450 37,253,956 2.5%
2020 990,204 39,538,223 2.5%
2030 1,112,010 41,860,549 2.7%
2040 1,185,850 43,353,414 2.7%
Source: Fresno County 2019-2050 Growth Projections, 1980, 1990, 2010 and 2020 American Community Census and DOF projections (2010-2016).

Employment Forecast
Table 2-14 shows the employment forecast for Fresno County by 2050. The Fresno County employment level will increase during the 2025-2040 forecast period. However, the unemployment rate will continue to be higher than the California average.

Table 2-14 Fresno County Employment Forecast (2025-2040) Year Employment
2025 418,800
2030 432,400
2035 444,800
2040 456,500
2045 466,800
2050 475,000
Source: Fresno County 2019-2050 Growth Projections.

HOUSING INVENTORY AND MARKET CONDITIONS
This section describes the housing characteristics and conditions that affect housing needs in Fresno County.

Important housing stock characteristics include housing type, tenure, vacancy rates, age, condition, cost, and affordability.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-23 Housing Stock Profile
Table 2-15, Housing Stock (2010-2022) shows estimates from the DOF of the number of housing units by type for each jurisdiction based on reported building and demolition permits. DOF reported that Fresno County had 343,513 housing units in January 2022. Of the total units, 70.3 percent were single family, 25.4 percent were multifamily, and 4.3 percent were mobile homes. The unincorporated area had the highest percentage of single-family homes in 2022 (82.7 percent) and mobile homes (11.7), with Huron having the lowest at 38.3 percent. Conversely, Huron had the highest percentage of multifamily units (55.6 percent), followed by Fresno at 32.9 percent, and Orange Cove at 32.8 percent. While mobile homes comprise 4.3 percent of housing stock countywide, 11.7 percent of housing stock in the unincorporated county are mobile homes, followed by mobile homes representing 10.9 percent of housing stock in Coalinga.

Countywide, the proportion of multifamily units slightly decreased by 1.4 percent between 2010 and 2022 in Fresno County, although in several smaller cities, including San Joaquin and Parlier, the proportion of multifamily units slightly increased. These two jurisdictions also have the lowest median household incomes in the county, suggesting these additional units may have been affordable housing complexes.

Clovis, in particular, had the most multifamily units constructed during the period for any of the larger cities (1,376), and also the second highest percentage of multifamily construction at nearly 15.7 percent of all new construction followed by the City of Reedley 23.9 percent increase. The larger city of Kerman and two smaller cities of Fowler and Kingsburg, which together total about 13,367 residents, had a combined total of 2,398 multifamily units constructed during the period.

Table 2-15 Housing Stock (2010-2022)
Jurisdiction
2010 2022
SingleFamily Units Multifamily
Units
Mobile
Homes
SingleFamily Units Multifamily
Units
Mobile
Homes
Fresno County 219,271 81,555 14,705 241,411 87,406 14,695

69.5% 25.8% 4.7% 70.3% 25.4% 4.3%
Clovis 25,572 8,774 960 34,702 10,150 984

72.4% 24.9% 2.7% 75.7% 22.1% 2.1%
Coalinga 2,874 967 503 3,062 1,089 507

66.2% 22.3% 11.6% 65.7% 23.4% 10.9%
Firebaugh 1,443 578 75 1,665 600 78

68.8% 27.6% 3.6% 71.1% 25.6% 3.3%
Fowler
1349 370 123 1,685 430 123

73.2% 20.1% 6.7% 75.3% 19.2% 5.5%
Fresno
108,889 57,651 4,748 120,729 61,449 4,815

63.6% 33.7% 2.8% 64.6% 32.9% 2.6%
Huron
599 899 104 628 913 100

37.4% 56.1% 6.5% 38.3% 55.6% 6.1%
54 191
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2-24 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Jurisdiction
2010 2022
SingleFamily Units Multifamily
Units
Mobile
Homes
SingleFamily Units Multifamily
Units
Mobile
Homes
Fresno County 219,271 81,555 14,705 241,411 87,406 14,695

69.5% 25.8% 4.7% 70.3% 25.4% 4.3%
Kerman
2,922 804 182 3,614 980 187

74.8% 20.6% 4.7% 75.6% 20.5% 3.9%
Kingsburg 3,018 853 198 3,323 988 199

74.2% 21.0% 4.9% 73.7% 21.9% 4.4%
Mendota 1,643 858 55 1,938 891 59

64.3% 33.6% 2.2% 67.1% 30.9% 2.0%
Orange Cove 1,466 765 0 1,673 817 0

65.7% 34.3% 0.0% 67.2% 32.8% 0.0%
Parlier 2,464 977 53 2,728 1,093 54

70.5% 28.0% 1.5% 70.4% 28.2% 1.4%
Reedley 5,083 1,521 263 5,216 1,884 263

74.0% 22.1% 3.8% 70.8% 25.6% 3.6%
Sanger 5,456 1,548 100 6,095 1,630 101

76.8% 21.8% 1.4% 77.9% 20.8% 1.3%
San Joaquin
628 249 57 629 250 57

67.2% 26.7% 6.1% 67.2% 26.7% 6.1%
Selma 5,379 1044 390 5,747 1,101 398

79.0% 15.3% 5.7% 79.3% 15.2% 5.5%
Unincorporated
County
50,486 3,697 6,894 48,013 3,141 6,770

82.7% 6.1% 11.3% 82.9% 5.4% 11.7%
Source: Department of Finance, E5, 2021-2022.

A large proportion of the multifamily development that has occurred after the boom of the 1980s was subsidized through a variety of public housing and tax credit programs targeted to low-income residents (i.e., non-market rate affordable housing). As summarized in Table 2-16, Affordable vs. Market-Rate Multifamily Housing (1980- 2013), about 87 percent of the units developed during the 1980s were strictly market rate, compared to an estimated

69.0 percent in the 1990s and 65 percent between 2000 and 2013. When subsidized affordable units are excluded, the production of multifamily units after the mid-1980s has been even more limited. 55 192
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-25 Table 2-16 Affordable vs. Market-Rate Multifamily Housing (1980-2013) Period Market-Rate Multifamily
Housing
Affordable Multifamily
Housing
Mixed Market-Rate and
Affordable Multifamily
Housing
1980s 87% 7% 6%
1990s 69% 22% 9%
2000-2013 65% 23% 13%
Source: CoStar Group and Economic and Planning Systems, http://www.valleyblueprint.org/files/SJV%20Infill%20Development%20Analysis_Final%20Report_9-11-14.pdf, 2014.

Housing Tenure
Housing tenure (owner vs. renter) influences several aspects of the local housing market. Residential mobility is influenced by tenure, with ownership housing turning over at a much lower rate than rental housing. For example, in Fresno County, the median year that owners moved into their current unit was 2001, whereas the median year that renters moved into their current unit was after 2010 (2011-2013 ACS). Table 2-17, Housing Tenure (2020), shows tenure by jurisdiction in 2020. Most jurisdictions have more owner-occupied units than renter-occupied units.

The unincorporated county has the highest percentage of owner units at 68.9 percent, followed by Kingsburg at

68.9 percent. Huron has the lowest percentage of owner units at 20.9 percent. When compared to proportion of housing unit by type, this data indicates that single-family detached units comprise a portion of the rental stock in the majority of jurisdictions.

According to the Fresno County Affordable Housing Needs Report published by the California Housing Partnership Corporation in May 2022, asking rents in Fresno County increased by 10.7 percent between 2020 and 2021.

According to the same report, although rents in Fresno County are typically lower than in other counties in the state, renters need to earn 1.6 times minimum wage to afford the average asking rent in Fresno County. Based on previous analysis of employment forecasts and income levels, increasing rental costs in Fresno County may pose a barrier to finding adequate housing opportunities for lower-income households. 56 193
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2-26 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-17 Housing Tenure (2020)
Jurisdiction Total
Households
Renter-occupied Units Owner-occupied Units
Households Percentage Households Percentage
Fresno County Total 310,097 143,677 46.3% 166,420 53.7% Coalinga 4,552 1,913 42.0% 2,639 58.0%
Clovis 37,726 13,178 34.9% 24,548 65.1%
Firebaugh 2,041 1,088 53.3% 953 46.7%
Fowler 2,035 948 46.6% 1,087 53.4%
Fresno 170,137 90,440 53.2% 79,697 46.8%
Huron 1,874 1,482 79.1% 392 20.9%
Kerman 4,113 1,967 47.8% 2,146 52.2%
Kingsburg 3,754 1,323 35.2% 2,431 64.8%
Mendota 2,838 1,491 52.5% 1,347 47.5%
Orange Cove 2,682 1,651 61.6% 1,031 38.4%
Parlier 3,875 2,237 57.7% 1,638 42.3%
Reedley 7,030 2,946 41.9% 4,084 58.1%
San Joaquin 919 543 59.1% 376 40.9%
Sanger 7,419 3,066 41.3% 4,353 58.7%
Selma 7,225 3,255 45.1% 3,970 54.9%
Unincorporated County 51,877 16,149 31.1% 35,728 68.9%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) Vacancy Rate
Table 2-18, Housing Stock and Vacancy Rate (2010-2022), shows housing units and vacancies in unincorporated Fresno County and the cities according to the 2010 and 2020 U.S. Census. The vacancy rate indicates the match between the demand and supply of housing. Vacancy rates of 5.0 percent to 6.0 percent for rental housing and 1.5 percent to 2.0 percent for ownership housing are generally considered optimum. A higher vacancy rate may indicate an excess supply of units, a softer market, and result in lower housing prices. A lower vacancy rate may indicate a shortage of housing and high competition for available housing, which generally leads to higher housing prices and diminished affordability.

As Table 2-18 shows, the vacancy rate decreased in all communities between 2010 and 2022, except in Clovis, Huron, and Reedley. In 2022, the unincorporated area and the city of Firebaugh had the highest vacancy rate at 12.2 and 8.1 percent, respectively. The vacancy rate in the unincorporated area was still the highest in 2022, even though it decreased to 12.2 percent. However, much of the eastern unincorporated county is adjacent to the Kings Canyon and Sierra National Forests and many of the vacant units may be vacation rentals. Therefore, the vacancy rates in Firebaugh and Reedley, at 8.1 and 6.8 percent respectively, may be more indicative of a housing stock issue.

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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-27 Table 2-18 Housing Stock and Vacancy Rate (2010-2022)
Jurisdiction
2010 2022
Total
Housing
Units
Vacant
Units
Vacancy
Rate
Total
Housing
Units
Vacant
Units
Vacancy
Rate
Coalinga 4,344 1887 5.3% 4,658 377 4.2%
Clovis 25,265 903 3.6% 45,835 1,911 4.2%
Firebaugh 2,096 176 8.4% 2,343 105 8.1%
Fowler 1,842 119 6.5% 2,237 84 4.5%
Fresno 171,288 12,939 7.6% 186,993 8,406 3.8%
Huron 1,602 70 4.4% 1,641 54 4.5%
Kerman 3,908 216 5.5% 4,745 100 3.3%
Kingsburg 4,069 247 6.1% 4,510 161 2.1%
Mendota 2,556 132 5.2% 2,889 58 3.6%
Orange Cove 2,231 163 7.3% 2,490 88 2.0%
Parlier 3,494 197 5.6% 3,875 265 3.5%
Reedley 6,867 298 4.3% 7,363 239 6.8%
Sanger 7,104 445 6.3% 7,827 244 3.2%
San Joaquin 934 52 5.6% 937 38 3.1%
Selma 6,813 397 5.8% 7,246 219 4.1%
Unincorporated County 61,077 8,354 13.7% 57,924 7,057 12.2% Source: Department of Finance, E5, 2021-2022.

Housing Conditions
Housing conditions are an important indicator of quality of life in Fresno County communities. If not regularly maintained, structures can deteriorate as they age over time and discourage reinvestment, depress neighborhood property values, and even become health hazards. Maintaining and improving housing quality is an important goal for communities.

Housing age can be an indicator of the need for housing rehabilitation. Generally, housing older than 30 years (i.e., built before 1990), may require repair and improvement of such features as siding; fencing; roofs; and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, while housing units older than 50 years (pre-1970) are more likely to require complete rehabilitation of systems such as roofing, plumbing, structural, and electrical.

Table 2-19, Age of Housing Stock (2020), shows the age of the housing stock in Fresno County. In almost all jurisdictions, more than half of the housing stock is over 30 years old. In Fresno County overall, 64.5 percent of the housing stock is over 30 years old, with 78.8 percent of the housing stock in the unincorporated county over 30 years, followed by Fresno City at 66.7 percent. These units may require repairs or improvements. The city with the highest percentage of new housing is Kerman, followed by Huron, Firebaugh, and Clovis. Less than 35.0 percent of the housing stock in all jurisdictions, except in unincorporated county and Parlier, is over 50 years old, with seven of the remaining 13 jurisdictions having between 30.0 and 35.0 percent of their housing stock over 50 years of age. Overall, almost one-third of Fresno County’s housing stock is over 50 years of age and may require significant repairs in the near future to maintain inhabitability. The cost of repairs is often out of the capability of lower-income households.
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2-28 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023Table 2-19 Age of Housing Stock (2020) Jurisdiction Total
Built 2010
or later
Built
2000
to
2009
Built
1990
to
1999
Built
1980
to
1989
Built
1970
to
1979
Built
1960
to
1969
Built
1950
to
1959
Built
1940
to
1949
Built
1939 or
earlier
Percentage
built before
1990 (older
than 30
years)
Percentage
built before
1970 (older
than 50
years)
Fresno County 310,097 18,563 44,690 46,980 43,141 54,567 33,392 35,561 16,007 17,196 64.5% 32.9% Clovis 37,726 5,440 8,528 6,434 5,634 7,106 2,508 1,304 297 475 45.9% 12.2% Coalinga 4,552 141 581 970 1,226 254 464 432 176 308 62.8% 30.3% Firebaugh 2,041 152 455 511 400 241 254 23 0 5 45.2% 13.8% Fowler 2,035 82 646 255 220 196 132 160 140 204 51.7% 31.3% Fresno 170,137 9,198 20,941 26,570 23,765 30,960 19,206 20,736 8,939 9,822 66.7% 34.5% Huron 1,874 139 640 272 359 180 166 58 38 22 43.9% 15.2% Kerman 4,113 305 1,130 881 560 697 274 28 73 165 43.7% 13.1% Kingsburg 3,754 132 870 627 593 343 168 402 169 450 56.6% 31.7% Mendota 2,838 325 701 371 636 261 280 198 56 10 50.8% 19.2% Orange Cove 3,875 194 812 919 570 398 186 263 265 268 50.3% 25.3% Parlier 2,682 144 535 697 202 149 306 200 161 288 48.7% 35.6% Reedley 7,030 418 919 1,541 674 1,224 532 874 342 506 59.1% 32.1% Sanger 919 28 123 281 151 67 194 62 13 0 53.0% 29.3% San Joaquin 7,419 364 1,637 753 1,212 912 613 816 737 375 62.9% 34.2% Selma 7,225 483 1,089 1,020 900 1,292 437 877 615 512 64.1% 33.8% Unincorporated County 51,877 1,018 5,083 4,878 6,039 10,287 7,672 9,128 3,986 3,786 78.8% 47.4% Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) 59 196
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-29 Most jurisdictions have not completed housing conditions surveys in recent years due to limited financial resources for conducting the survey or for providing rehabilitation assistance. However, staff from the local jurisdictions provided rough estimates of the number of housing units needing rehabilitation or replacement based on code enforcement cases and local knowledge of the communities.

According to a code enforcement officer in Selma, 55 homes (0.8 percent of the housing stock) are in need of rehabilitation, and none are in need of replacement. The majority of the homes are in the neighborhood south of Rose Avenue and west of McCall Avenue.

According to a contract staff planner in Huron, 197 homes (12 percent of the housing stock) are in need of rehabilitation, and 49 (3 percent of the housing stock) are in need of replacement.

According to a staff planner in Sanger, 43 homes (0.5 percent of the housing stock) are in of rehabilitation, and 7 (less than 0.1 percent of the housing stock) are in need of replacement. The neighborhoods with the greatest need for rehabilitation are in the southeast and central core.

According to code enforcement in Reedley, there has been an average of 2 cases of substandard conditions per year during the 5th cycle planning period. Based on this, and local experience, the City estimates that less than 1 percent of the housing stock is in need of repair or replacement.

See appendices for each jurisdiction for the identification of the neighborhoods that most need rehabilitation and where programs will be targeted.

Overpayment (Cost Burden)
State and federal housing law defines overpayment (also known as cost burden) as a household paying more than 30 percent of gross income for housing expenses. As shown in Table 2-20, Overpayment by Tenure (2018), the overall rate of overpayment in Fresno County is 37.8 percent. With the exception of Kingsburg, Coalinga, the unincorporated county, and Clovis, most jurisdictions have overpayment rates above 35.0 percent. Orange Cove has the highest percentage of total households overpaying for housing (53.9 percent), followed by Huron (47.4 percent), Mendota (46.7 percent), and Parlier (45.1 percent).

Housing overpayment is especially problematic for lower-income households that have limited resources for other living expenses. In all jurisdictions, a higher percentage of lower-income households are overpaying for housing, with 70.6 percent of lower-income households countywide experiencing overpayment. The jurisdictions of Clovis, Reedley, Fresno, Selma, Sanger, and unincorporated county have the highest percentage of cost-burdened lowerincome households at 74.2 percent, 75.1 percent, 74.8 percent, 72.3 percent, and 70.6 percent respectively. In Kingsburg, where the overpayment rate is the lowest in the county at 16.2 percent, 63.5 percent of lower-income households are cost burdened, which aligns with the rate of overpayment among lower-income households in the majority of jurisdictions in Fresno County. However, in the unincorporated county, the overall rate of overpayment and rate of lower-income, cost-burdened households in almost equivalent, suggesting that moderate- and above moderate-income households are generally able to afford the units they occupy. 60 197
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2-30 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Generally, renters tend to be more affected by overpayment than owners, and this trend occurs in all jurisdictions in the county. Although the proportion of owners and renters countywide is fairly comparable, (52.8 percent homeowners and 47.2 percent renters), 52.2 percent of renters are cost burdened compared to 25.0 percent of homeowners. Jurisdictions with proportions of cost-burdened homeowners below the countywide rate included Clovis, Kingsburg, Firebaugh, Fowler, Coalinga, and unincorporated county. Jurisdictions with cost-burdened renters below the countywide rate include Clovis, Coalinga, Huron, Kerman, Kingsburg, Mendota, San Joaquin, and unincorporated county. Reedley has the highest percentage of overpaying renters (82.1 percent), followed by Fowler (79.8 percent), Fresno (79.4 percent), and Clovis (78.7 percent). In Fresno County, while 62.2 percent of renters are lower-income households, lower-income households comprise approximately 90.0 percent of costburdened renters. Data indicates that in almost every jurisdiction, with the exception of unincorporated county, the total number of cost-burdened renters follows a similar trend, where the number of total cost-burdened renters is almost equivalent to the number of cost-burdened, lower-income renters. This trend suggests that the majority of moderate and above moderate-income renters are able to find rental housing at costs below 30 percent of their income. In unincorporated county, while 60.2 percent of renters are lower-income, only 19.3 percent of costburdened households are lower-income.

A similar trend in which the majority of cost-burdened homeowners are also lower income. However, in several jurisdictions, including Fresno County, Fresno City, Fowler, Kingsburg, and unincorporated county, the correlation between proportion of cost-burdened homeowners and lower-income, cost-burdened homeowners make up less than 65.0 percent compared to an average of 90.0 percent among renters. However, these rates of overpayment indicate that these households are generally not able to find adequate housing opportunities within their income range.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-31 Table 2-20, Overpayment by Tenure (2018)
Jurisdiction Income Group
Owner Households Renter Households Total Households
Households Overpaying Percentage Households Overpaying Percentage Households Overpaying Percentage Fresno County
Lower income 40,385 24,315 60.2% 89,315 67305 75.4% 129,700 91,620 70.6% Total 160,945 40,160 25.0% 143,680 74940 52.2% 304,625 115,100 37.8% Clovis Lower income 3,680 2,445 66.4% 6,345 4995 78.7% 10,025 7,440 74.2% Total 22,270 5,360 24.1% 14,150 6350 44.9% 36,420 11,710 32.2% Coalinga Lower income 545 315 57.8% 1,020 600 58.8% 1,565 915 58.5% Total 2,225 445 20.0% 1,920 625 32.6% 4,145 1,070 25.8% Firebaugh Lower income 275 160 58.2% 965 620 64.2% 1,240 780 62.9% Total 990 180 18.2% 1185 620 52.3% 2,175 800 36.8% Fowler Lower income 235 108 46.0% 550 439 79.8% 785 547 69.7%
Total 1,020 186 18.2% 905 489 54.0% 1,925 675 35.1%
Fresno Lower income 19,520 12,045 61.7% 55,965 44,425 79.4% 75,485 56,470 74.8% Total 77,325 19,395 25.1% 89,430 49,520 55.4% 166,755 68,915 41.3% Huron Lower income 295 170 57.6% 1,085 655 60.4% 1,380 825 59.8% Total 510 184 36.1% 1,260 655 52.0% 1,770 839 47.4%
Kerman Lower income 685 530 77.4% 1120 735 65.6% 1,805 1,265 70.1% Total 2,050 695 33.9% 1,805 735 40.7% 3,855 1,430 37.1% Kingsburg Lower income 590 370 62.7% 710 455 64.1% 1,300 825 63.5% Total 2,655 590 22.2% 1,305 459 35.2% 3,960 1,049 26.5% Mendota Lower income 470 320 68.1% 1,555 910 58.5% 2025 1230 60.7% Total 965 370 38.3% 1,775 910 51.3% 2740 1280 46.7%
Orange Cove
Lower income 610 320 52.5% 1,315 945 71.9% 1,925 1,265 65.7% Total 970 340 35.1% 1,415 945 66.8% 2,385 1,285 53.9%
Parlier Lower income 845 560 66.3% 1,845 1185 64.2% 2,690 1,745 64.9% Total 1,700 595 35.0% 2,265 1195 52.8% 3,965 1,790 45.1% Reedley Lower income 1,495 990 66.2% 1,900 1560 82.1% 3,395 2,550 75.1% Total 4,520 1,340 29.6% 2,680 1700 63.4% 7,200 3,040 42.2% Sanger Lower income 1,120 695 62.1% 2,080 1565 75.2% 3,200 2,260 70.6% Total 3,930 1,060 27.0% 3,155 1675 53.1% 7,085 2,735 38.6% 62 199
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2-32 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Jurisdiction Income Group
Owner Households Renter Households Total Households
Households Overpaying Percentage Households Overpaying Percentage Households Overpaying Percentage San Joaquin
Lower income 140 109 77.9% 580 280 48.3% 720 389 54.0%
Total 390 113 29.0% 675 280 41.5% 1,065 393 36.9%
Selma Lower income 1,385 880 63.5% 2,060 1,610 78.2% 3,445 2,490 72.3% Total 3,980 1,185 29.8% 2,775 1,655 59.6% 6,755 2,840 42.0% Unincorporated County
Lower income 8,495 4,298 50.6% 10,220 1,376 13.5% 18,715 5,674 30.3% Total 35,445 8,122 22.9% 16,980 7,127 42.0% 52,425 15,249 29.1% Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- CHAS (2014-2018)
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-33 Overcrowding
HCD defines an overcrowded unit as one occupied by 1.01 persons or more per room (excluding bathrooms and kitchens). Units with more than 1.5 persons per room are considered severely overcrowded. A typical home might have a total of five rooms (three bedrooms, living room, and dining room). If more than five people were living in the home, it would be considered overcrowded. Overcrowding is strongly related to household size, particularly for large households, and the availability of suitably-sized housing. Overcrowding in households typically results from either a lack of affordable housing (which may force more than one household to live together) and/or a lack of available housing units of adequate size. Overcrowding increases health and safety concerns and stresses the condition of the housing stock and infrastructure. Overcrowding impacts both owners and renters; however, renters are generally more significantly impacted.

While family size and tenure are critical determinants in overcrowding, household income also plays a strong role in the incidence of overcrowding. Generally, overcrowding levels tend to decrease as income rises, especially for renters (particularly for small and large families).

Table 2-21, Overcrowding by Tenure (2020) shows overcrowding by tenure for each jurisdiction in Fresno County. The Fresno County overcrowding rate at 6.2 percent is slightly higher than the statewide overcrowding rate at 5.2 percent, while the severe overcrowding rate is 3.6 percent compared to 3.0 percent at the state level. The cities of Mendota, San Joaquin, Huron, and Orange Cove have the highest rate of overcrowding and severe overcrowding combined; at 27.3 percent, 24.1 percent, 17.0 percent, and 15.2 percent, respectively. The highest rates of severely overcrowded households are found in Mendota, Parlier, and San Joaquin. In contrast, the city of Kingsburg has low rates of overcrowding and no severely overcrowded households.

In Fresno County and statewide, overcrowding is typically more of a problem for renter households at 14.8 percent and 4.2 percent respectively, compared to overcrowding among owner households at 4.1 percent in Fresno County and 13.2 percent statewide. In the cities of Coalinga and Huron, the incidence of overcrowding is higher for owners than it is for renters, although in Huron renters represent more than double the proportion of homeowners. In Mendota and San Joaquin, the combined incidence of overcrowded and severely overcrowded households is comparable between both renters and owners.
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2-34 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023Table 2-21 Overcrowding by Tenure (2020) Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied Total
Overcrowded Severely Overcrowded Overcrowded Severely Overcrowded Overcrowded Severely Overcrowded Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Fresno County 6,540 3.9% 2,119 1% 12,352 8.6% 8,894 6.2% 18,892 6.1% 11,013 3.6% Clovis 276 1.1% 101 0.4% 463 3.5% 321 2.4% 739 2.0% 422 1.1% Coalinga 195 7.4% 76 3% 84 4.4% 67 3.5% 279 6.1% 143 3.1% Firebaugh 78 8.2% 0 0% 114 10.5% 101 9.3% 192 9.4% 101 4.9% Fowler 29 2.7% 19 1.7% 93 9.8% 28 3.0% 122 6.0% 47 2.3% Fresno 3,215 4.0% 1,247 1.6% 7,311 8.1% 6,555 7.2% 10,526 6.2% 7,802 4.6% Huron 82 20.9% 11 2.8% 149 10.1% 78 5.3% 231 12.3% 89 4.7% Kerman 114 5.3% 53 2.5% 195 9.9% 82 4.2% 309 7.5% 135 3.3% Kingsburg 116 4.8% 0 0.0% 11 0.8% 0 0.0% 127 3.4% 0 0.0% Mendota 314 23.3% 1 0.1% 261 17.5% 198 13.3% 575 20.3% 199 7.0% Orange Cove 78 7.6% 15 1.5% 222 13.4% 92 5.6% 300 11.2% 107 4.0% Parlier 66 4.0% 113 6.9% 182 8.1% 134 6.0% 248 6.4% 247 6.4% Reedley 233 5.7% 54 1.3% 310 10.5% 169 5.7% 543 7.7% 223 3.2% Sanger 278 6.4% 37 0.9% 367 12.0% 156 5.1% 645 8.7% 193 2.6% San Joaquin 75 19.9% 17 4.5% 91 16.8% 38 7.0% 166 18.1% 55 6.0% Selma 91 2.3% 4 0.1% 562 17.3% 144 4.4% 653 9.0% 148 2.0% Unincorporated County 1,300 3.6% 371 1.0% 1,937 12.0% 731 4.5% 3,237 6.2% 1,102 2.1% Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) 65 202
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-35

HOUSING COST AND AFFORDABILITY
Home Price Trends
In Fresno County, as shown in Figure 2-6, Median Sales Price for Fresno County, the average single-family home value peaked in July 2022 at about $375,000 and was at its lowest in 2013 at less than $170,000.

FIGURE 2-6. MEDIAN SALES PRICE FOR FRESNO COUNTY
Source: Zillow Data accessed at https://www.zillow.com/research/data/ and Redfin (July,2022) Table 2-22, Home Sales Recorded in 2017, 2021, and 2022, shows the number of home sales and median price for each jurisdiction in Fresno County for May 2017 and May 2022. According to CoreLogic, in 2022, 1,135 homes were sold countywide with a median price of $400,000. This was a 56.6 percent increase from the 2017 countywide median price and 15.4 percent increase from the 2021 countywide median price. The majority of homes were sold in 2017 and 2022 in the City of Fresno, followed by Clovis. Of all the cities, Clovis had the highest median sale price in 2022 of $475,000, followed closely by Fowler at $455,000, and Huron had the lowest at $155,000; however, the median in Huron is based on a very small number of home sales (three homes). The highest home sales prices in 2022 were recorded in the unincorporated community of Shaver Lake at $700,00, which also had the highest home sales price in 2017 and 2021.
$168,459
$188,459
$207,244 $209,585 $220,461 $231,646 $240,450
$258,610
$291,409
$375,000
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 66 203
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2-36 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023Table 2-22 Home Sales Recorded in 2017, 2021, and 2022 2017 Sale
Counts
2022 Sale
Counts 2017 2021 2022
Percentage
Change
2017 to 2022
Percentage
Change
2021 to 2022
Fresno County 1,267 1,135 $255,500 $346,500 $400,000 56.6% 15.4% Clovis 20 213 $138,000 $415,000 $475,000 110.1% 28.9% Coalinga 293 25 $323,000 $225,000 $290,000 47.1% 14.5% Firebaugh - 13 - $310,000 $305,000 n/a -1.6% Fowler 11 15 $290,000 $404,750 $455,000 56.9% 12.4% Fresno 741 685 $235,000 $325,000 $389,500 65.7% 19.8% Huron - 3 - $270,000 $155,000 - 0.0% Kerman 16 12 $255,000 $295,000 $328,000 28.6% 11.2% Kingsburg 20 25 $292,000 $325,000 $451,000 54.5% 38.8% Mendota 5 2 $150,000 $225,000 $193,500 29.0% -14.0% Orange Cove 3 4 165,000 $120,000 $304,500 n/a 0.0% Parlier 5 8 $155,000 $283,500 $267,500 72.6% -5.6% Reedley 16 24 $204,500 $305,000 $320,000 56.5% 4.9% San Joaquin - 9 - $220,000 $275,000 n/a 0.0% Sanger 45 21 $242,500 $400,000 $371,000 53.0% -7.3% Selma 30 17 $174,000 $272,500 $300,000 72.4% 10.1% Unincorporated Fresno County Auberry 7 2 $278,000 $592,500 - - - Biola - 2 - n/a $175,000 n/a n/a Caruthers 2 5 $143,500 $257,000 $418,000 191.3% 62.3% Friant 3 14 $368,000 $755,000 $506,500 37.6% -32.9% Prather - 3 - $505,000 $369,000 - -26.9% Shaver Lake 10 13 $457,000 $697,500 $700,000 53.2% 0.4% Yokuts Valley - 7 - $271,500 $435,000 - 60.2% Source: CoreLogic, California Home Sale Activity by City (May 2017, May 2021, and June 2022) Note: Sales counts for 2021 were not available. 67 204
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-37 Rental Trends
Close to half of Fresno County households are renters. Although renters in general tend to live in multifamily units, about 43 percent of renter households in Fresno County live in single-family homes, compared to 36 percent statewide and about 34 percent nationwide. Given that very few developers build market-rate, single-family units for rent, data suggests that many single-family units originally built as for-sale products have been converted to rental property over time. This trend is particularly relevant to Fresno County as data indicates that family size tends to be larger in the county compared to other regions in the state, and as single-family homes generally have more bedrooms than the majority of multifamily units, would accommodate a portion of the need for larger units.

The median rent in Fresno County is well below the state average, especially when compared to urban areas where new rental products (e.g., multifamily apartments) are being developed. For example, based on data from Zillow.com, which has collected data on asking rents ranging from studios to single-family homes for most counties in the state for over four years, rents in Fresno County are about 61.7 percent of the state average in 2021, decreasing from 72.7 percent of the state average in 2014. Fresno County rents in 2021 were about $300 less than those in the Stockton area, and approximately $156 more than Bakersfield.

Table 2-23 Residential Rental Rate Comparison (2014-2021) Jurisdiction Rental Rate
Year Growth of 2014-2021
2014 2021 $ Change Percentage
Change
Fresno County Average Rent $1,200 $1,697 $497 41.4%
California Average Rent $1,650 $2,749 $1,099 66.6%
Fresno County as a percentage of California Average Rent 72.7% 61.7% N/A -15.1% Stockton Average Rent $1,499 $2,317 $818 54.6%
Bakersfield Average Rent $1,044 $1,421 $377 36.1%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) and Zillow Data (September 2021)
Ability to Pay
Table 2-24, Fresno County Ability to Pay (2022), summarizes HCD-defined household income limits for very low-, low-, and moderate-income households in Fresno County by the number of persons in the household. The table also includes the maximum affordable monthly rents and maximum affordable purchase prices for homes.

Households earning the 2022 area median income for a family of four in Fresno County ($80,300), could afford to spend up to $2,008 per month on rent without overpaying. A three-person household would be classified as lowincome if its annual income was less than $72,250. This household could afford a $1,806 maximum monthly rent.

For renters, this is a straightforward calculation, but home ownership costs are less transparent. An affordable price depends on several factors, including the down payment, the level of other long-term obligations (such as a car loan), and interest rates. In practice, the interaction of these factors, as well as insurance and taxes allows some households to qualify for homes priced at more than three times their annual income, while other households may be limited to purchasing homes no more than two times their annual incomes. Interest rates, insurance, and taxes are held constant in Table 2-24 to determine maximum affordable rent and purchase price for households in each income category. It is important to note that this table is used for illustrative purposes only. 68 205
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2-38 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Housing is generally affordable in Fresno County in comparison to more urbanized regions and coastal communities. The median home sale price countywide would be affordable to a four-person household earning the median income of $80,300, as shown in Table 2-24. Even low- and very low-income households can afford the median priced home in many jurisdictions and unincorporated communities in the county. For example, a lowincome four-person household making $62,300 per year could afford an estimated maximum purchase price of $290,133. Based on the median home sale prices previously reported in Table 2-22, a household earning this income could afford the median home sale price in Coalinga, Mendota, Parlier, and the unincorporated county. It should be noted however, that the home price survey reported in Table 2-22 does not distinguish between number of bedrooms and single-family, condominium units, or mobile homes. Therefore, the lower purchase prices may include mobile home stock, which is generally priced lower than traditional single-family units, and may not be appropriate for families of four without overcrowding.

Table 2-24 Fresno County Ability to Pay (2022)
Extremely Low-Income Households at 30% of 2022 Area Median Income (AMI) Number of Persons 1 2 3 4 5 6
Income Level $16,350 $18,700 $23,030 $27,750 $32,470 $37,190 Max. Monthly Gross Rent1 $409 $468 $576 $694 $812 $930
Max. Purchase Price2 $80,150 $91,670 $107,252 $129,233 $151,214 $173,195 Very Low-Income Households at 50% of 2022 AMI
Number of Persons 1 2 3 4 5 6
Income Level $27,300 $31,200 $35,100 $38,950 $42,100 $45,200 Max. Monthly Gross Rent1 $683 $780 $877.5 $974 $1,053 $1,130 Max. Purchase Price2 $133,829 $145,300 $163,462 $181,392 $196,061 $210,498 Low-Income Households at 80% of 2022 AMI
Number of Persons 1 2 3 4 5 6
Income Level $43,650 $49,850 $56,100 $62,300 $67,300 $72,300 Max. Monthly Gross Rent1 $1,091 $1,246 $1,403 $1,558 $1,683 $1,808 Max. Purchase Price2 $213,979 $232,153 $261,260 $290,134 $313,419 $336,704 Median-Income Households at 100% of 2022 AMI
Number of Persons 1 2 3 4 5 6
Income Level $56,200 $64,250 $72,250 $80,300 $86,700 $93,150 Max. Monthly Gross Rent1 $1,405 $1,606 $1,806 $2,008 $2,168 $2,329 Max. Purchase Price2 $275,501 $299,215 $336,471 $373,960 $403,765 $433,803 Moderate-Income Households at 110% of 2022 AMI
Number of Persons 1 2 3 4 5 6
Income Level $67,450 $77,100 $86,700 $96,350 $104,050 $117,750 Max. Monthly Gross Rent/1 $1,686 $1,928 $2,168 $2,409 $2,601 $2,944 Max. Purchase Price2 $330,650 $377,956 $425,016 $472,322 $510,068 $577,228 Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development, 2022 and Wells Fargo. 1Assumes that 30 percent (35 percent for moderate) of income is available for either: monthly rent, including utilities; or mortgage payment, taxes, mortgage insurance, and homeowners’ insurance. 2 Assumes 96.5 percent loan at 5.0 percent annual interest rate and 30-year term; assumes taxes, mortgage insurance, and homeowners’ insurance account for 21 percent of total monthly payments. 3 2022 State Area Median Income for Fresno County is $80,300. 69 206
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-39 Table 2-25, HUD Fair-Market Rent by Bedroom (2022), shows HUD-defined fair-market rent levels (FMR) for Fresno County for 2022. In general, the FMR for an area is the amount needed to pay the gross rent (shelter rent plus utilities) of privately owned, decent, safe, and sanitary rental housing of a modest (non-luxury) nature with suitable amenities. The rents are drawn from the distribution of rents of all units that are occupied by recent movers.

Adjustments are made to exclude public housing units, newly built units, and substandard units.

As shown in Table 2-24, a three-person household classified as low-income with an annual income of $56,100 could afford to pay $1,403 monthly gross rent (including utilities). As shown in Table 2-25, the 2022 FMR for a two-bedroom unit in Fresno County is $1,137. Therefore, a low-income, three-person household at the middle of the income range can afford to rent a two-bedroom unit at the FMR level. A moderate-income, three-person household with an income of $86,700 could afford to pay $2,168 in rent without overpaying. This is enough to pay the FMR for a four-bedroom apartment ($1,847). This data indicates that although rents in Fresno County are generally lower than in other regions, lower-income households may experience barriers to finding affordable housing unless the units are subsidized, or housing choice vouchers are available and accepted.

Table 2-25 HUD Fair-Market Rent by Bedroom (2022)
Bedrooms in Unit 2022 FMR
Studio $899
1 Bedroom $904
2 Bedrooms $1,137
3 Bedrooms $1,607
4 Bedrooms $1,847
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2022.

Note: 50th percentile of market rents for Fiscal Year 2022 for Fresno MSA (Fresno County).

SPECIAL NEEDS
Within the general population, there are several groups of people who have special housing needs. These needs can make it difficult for members of these groups to find suitable housing. The following subsections discuss these special-housing needs of six groups identified in State Housing Element Law (Government Code, Section 65583(a)(7): elderly, persons with disabilities (including developmental disabilities), large households, farmworkers, families with single-headed households, and families and persons in need of emergency shelter. This section also describes the needs of extremely low-income households. Where possible, estimates of the population or number of households in Fresno County belonging to each group are shown.

Senior Population
Seniors are defined as persons 65 years and older, and senior households are those households headed by a person 65 years and older. Seniors have special housing needs based on factors such as age, health, self-care capacity, economic status, family arrangement, and homeownership. Particular needs for the elderly include smaller and more efficient housing, barrier-free and accessible housing, and a wide variety of housing with health care and/or personal services. Various programs can help meet the needs of seniors including, but not limited to, congregate care, 70 207
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2-40 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 supportive services, rental subsidies, shared housing, and housing rehabilitation assistance. For the elderly with disabilities, housing with features that accommodate disabilities can help ensure continued independent living.

Elderly with mobility/self-care limitations also benefit from transportation alternatives. Senior housing with these accommodations can allow more independent living.

As shown in Table 2-26, in 2020, 19.4 percent of the population statewide was over the age of 65 and Fresno County had a comparable representation of seniors at 12.0 percent. In general, the population in Fresno County is fairly young, partially attributed to the prevalence of larger families with children, with San Joaquin and Mendota having the lowest senior population, with less than 7.0 percent of the population over 65.

Table 2-26 Percentage of the Senior Population (65 and Over) (2020) Jurisdiction Total Population Seniors Percentage Seniors Fresno County 990,204 118,595 12.0%
Clovis 120,124 14,631 12.2%
Coalinga 17,252 1,608 9.1%
Firebaugh 7,772 790 9.8%
Fowler 6,366 945 14.1%
Fresno City 526,147 59,357 10.9%
Huron 7,084 493 7.9%
Kerman 14,920 1,430 8.9%
Kingsburg 12,116 1,452 11.7%
Mendota 12,173 837 6.6%
Orange Cove 10,120 749 7.8%
Parlier 15,645 1,285 8.8%
Reedley 25,710 2,525 10.0%
Sanger 26,744 2,527 9.5%
San Joaquin 4,025 236 6.4%
Selma 24,405 2,607 10.6%
Unincorporated County* 167,062 27,333 16.8%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) Table 2-27, Senior Households by Tenure (2020), shows senior householders by tenure. In Fresno County, the majority of seniors (71.4 percent), were living in owner-occupied units in 2020, compared to 53.7 percent of all households, suggesting that many senior households may have aged in place in homes they purchased during the building boom of the 1980s and 1990s. Unincorporated county has the highest proportion of senior households, at

30.7 percent of total households, as well as the highest proportion of senior homeowners at 85.2 percent of senior households. Corresponding to the lower incidence of seniors in the communities of Huron and San Joaquin, the distribution of homeowners is also well below the county average, at 9.7 percent and 32.3 percent respectively. 71 208
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-41Table 2-27 Senior Households by Tenure (2020) Jurisdiction
All Households Senior Households
Total
Households
OwnerOccupied Renter- Occupied Total Households Owner- Occupied Renter- Occupied Percentage of Senior Households of Total Households Fresno County
Number 310,097 166,420 143,677 71,240 50,837 20,403 23.0% Percentage 100% 53.7% 46.3% 100% 71.4% 28.6%
Clovis
Number 37,726 24,548 13,178 8,782 6,538 2,244 23.3%
Percent 100% 65.1% 34.9% 100% 74.4% 25.6%
Coalinga
Number 4,552 2,639 1,913 908 689 219 19.9%
Percentage 100.0% 58.0% 42.0% 100.0% 75.9% 24.1%
Firebaugh
Number 2,041 953 1088 456 240 216 22.3%
Percentage 100% 46.69% 53.3% 100% 52.6% 47.4%
Fowler
Number 2,035 1087 948 545 312 233 26.8%
Percentage 100.0% 53.4% 46.6% 100.0% 57.2% 42.8%
Fresno
Number 170,137 79,697 90,440 36,176 23,909 12,267 21.3% Percentage 100% 46.8% 53.2% 100.0% 66.1% 33.9%
Huron
Number 1,874 392 1,482 217 21 196 11.6%
Percentage 100% 20.9% 79.1% 100.0% 9.7% 90.3%
Kerman
Number 4,113 2,146 1,967 807 552 255 19.6%
Percentage 100% 52.2% 47.8% 100.0% 68.4% 31.6%
Kingsburg
Number 3,754 2,431 1,323 794 589 205 21.2%
Percentage 100% 64.8% 35.2% 100.0% 74.2% 25.8%
Mendota
Number 2,838 1,347 1,491 419 233 186 14.8%
Percentage 100% 47.5% 52.5% 100.0% 55.6% 44.4%
Orange Cove
Number 2,682 1031 1,651 510 260 250 19.0%
Percentage 100% 38.4% 61.6% 100.0% 51.0% 49.0%
Parlier
Number 3,875 1,638 2,237 712 353 359 18.4%
Percentage 100% 42.3% 57.7% 100.0% 49.6% 50.4%
Reedley
Number 7,030 4,084 2,946 1,450 1056 394 20.6%
Percentage 100% 58.1% 41.9% 100.0% 72.8% 27.2%
Sanger
Number 7,419 4,353 3,066 1,745 1303 442 23.5%
Percentage 100% 58.7% 41.3% 100.0% 74.7% 25.3%
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2-42 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Jurisdiction
All Households Senior Households
Total
Households
OwnerOccupied Renter- Occupied Total Households Owner- Occupied Renter- Occupied Percentage of Senior Households of Total Households San Joaquin
Number 919 376 543 99 32 67

10.8%
Percentage 100% 40.9% 59.1% 100.0% 32.3% 67.7%
Selma
Number 7,225 3,970 3,255 1,687 1,178 509 23.3%
Percentage 100% 54.9% 45.1% 100.0% 69.8% 30.2%
Unincorporated County
Number 51,877 35,728 16,149 15,933 13,572 2,361 30.7%
Percentage 100% 68.9% 31.1% 100.0% 85.2% 14.8%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) 73 210
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-43 As shown in Table 2-28, Seniors with Disabilities (2020), the population 65 years and over has the highest rate of disabilities, typically those associated with aging. Countywide, an estimated 41.6 percent of seniors have a disability. The cities of Coalinga and Fowler have the highest rates of seniors with disabilities, at over one-half of the senior population, whereas San Joaquin and Mendota, more actively agricultural production communities, have the lowest rates of seniors with disabilities.

Table 2-28 Seniors with Disabilities (2020)
Jurisdiction
Population 65 years and over
Total With a Disability Percentage with a
Disability
Fresno County 118,595 49,317 41.6%
Clovis 14,421 5,430 37.7%
Coalinga 1,608 820 51.0%
Firebaugh 790 270 34.2%
Fowler 945 485 51.3%
Fresno 59,357 26,426 44.5%
Huron 493 177 35.9%
Kerman 1,430 619 43.3%
Kingsburg 1,452 638 43.9%
Mendota 837 246 29.4%
Orange Cove 749 305 40.7%
Parlier 1,285 490 38.1%
Reedley 2,525 1025 40.6%
Sanger 2,527 1,106 43.8%
San Joaquin 236 31 13.1%
Selma 2,607 1118 42.9%
Unincorporated County 27,333 10,131 37.1%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020)
Currently, the Fresno Housing Authority owns and manages three senior housing complexes with 124 senior housing units. While nearly all of the 4,000 housing units managed by the Housing Authority are available to seniors, these three residential communities are designated specifically for those over the age of 62. The communities are in the cities of Firebaugh (Rio Villas, 30 units) and Sanger (Wedgewood Villas, 64 units). A new affordable housing complex for seniors will be built in southeast Fresno. Brand Haven will feature 180 units, 144 of them one-bedroom units. It will also include an arts and crafts center and a lap pool.

The Fresno County Senior Resource Center operates a program, Adult Protective Services, which assists both disabled adults and seniors with all requests for assistance. The Fresno County Human Services System, Department of Adult Services, also provides housing and basic needs assistance to elderly persons. Low-income elderly persons also are eligible to apply to the Housing Authority’s Housing Choice Voucher Program. The Fresno/Madera Area 74 211
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2-44 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Agency on Aging (FMAAA) provides connections to programs, services, and resources elderly residents can use to maintain and improve their quality of life as they age. During the COVID-19 State of Emergency, senior and community centers in Fresno and Madera Counties have closed, and Congregate Nutrition meals are no longer being served.

For seniors and other persons requiring a supportive housing setting, there are 210 licensed care facilities in Fresno County with 4,953 beds. The majority of these facilities are in the city of Fresno. However, there are also 67 facilities in Clovis, 1 in Fowler and Kerman, 3 in Reedley, 3 in Sanger, and 1 in Selma. These facilities are listed in Appendix 1B.

Large Households
HUD defines a large household as one with five or more members. Large families may have specific needs that differ from other households because of income and housing stock constraints. The most critical housing need of large households is access to larger housing units with more bedrooms than a standard three-bedroom dwelling. As a result, large households may be overcrowded in smaller units, although in some circumstances families may choose to have two children share a room. In general, housing for large households should provide safe outdoor play areas for children and should be located to provide convenient access to schools and child care facilities.

Table 2-29, Large Households by Tenure (2020), shows large households by tenure. In Fresno County, 18.1 percent of households are considered large. The jurisdictions with the highest percentage of large households are San Joaquin (48.1 percent), Mendota (38.2 percent), Firebaugh (30.8 percent), and Parlier (31.2 percent); communities with active agricultural economic bases. The city of Fowler has the lowest rate with 13.7 percent, which is the same as the statewide rate of 13.7 percent.

In Fresno County, although a higher percentage of large households are homeowners, in San Joaquin, Huron, and Orange Cove, the majority of large households are renters, comprising 27.1 percent, 20.4 percent, and 19.3 percent respectively of total households. The distribution of large households by tenure throughout the county may be partially attributed to the types, cost, and sizes of rental and ownership housing available in each community, among other factors. However, overcrowding is an issue throughout the county, and in particular within several jurisdictions, in comparison with other regions in the state. 75 212
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-45 Table 2-29 Large Households by Tenure (2020)
Jurisdiction Total
Households
Large Households
Total Owner Renter
Fresno County Number 310,097 56,436 29,319 27,117
Percentage 100% 18.1% 9.4% 8.7%
Clovis Number 37,726 5,388 3,728 27,117
Percent 100% 14.3% 9.9% 4.4%
Coalinga Number 4,552 744 535 209
Percentage 100% 16.3% 11.8% 4.6%
Firebaugh
Number 2,041 628 391 237
Percentage 100% 30.8% 19.2% 11.6%
Fowler Number 2,035 279 132 147
Percentage 100% 13.7% 6.5% 7.2%
Fresno Number 170,137 28,411 13,282 15,129
Percentage 100% 16.9% 7.9% 9.0%
Huron Number 1,874 527 145 382
Percentage 100% 28.1% 7.7% 20.4%
Kerman Number 4,113 973 589 384
Percentage 100% 23.7% 14.3% 9.3%
Kingsburg Number 3,754 647 502 145
Percentage 100% 17.2% 13.4% 3.9%
Mendota Number 2,838 1,085 669 416
Percentage 100% 38.2% 23.6% 14.7%
Orange Cove Number 2,682 861 343 518
Percentage 100% 32.1% 12.8% 19.3%
Parlier Number 3,875 1,214 558 656
Percentage 100% 31.3% 14.4% 16.9%
Reedley Number 7,030 1,885 1,088 797
Percentage 100% 26.8% 15.5% 11.3%
Sanger Number 7,419 1,901 1,108 793
Percentage 100% 25.6% 15% 10.7%
San Joaquin Number 919 442 193 249
Percentage 100% 48.1% 21.0% 27.1%
Selma Number 7,225 1,900 889 1,011
Percentage 100% 26.3% 12.3% 14.0%
Unincorporated
County
Number 51,877 9,551 5,167 4,384
Percentage 100% 18.4% 10.0% 8.5%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) Single Female-Headed Households
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, a single-headed household contains a household head and at least one dependent, which could include a related or unrelated child, or an elderly parent. Female-headed households have special housing needs because they are often either single parents or single elderly adults living on low- or povertylevel incomes. Single-parent households with children often require special consideration and assistance due to a greater need for affordable housing, accessible day care, health care, and a variety of other supportive services. 76 213
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2-46 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Moreover, because of relatively lower household incomes, single-parent households are more likely to experience difficulties in finding affordable, decent, and safe housing.

Table 2-30, Single Female-Headed Households (2020), shows the number of female-headed households in Fresno County with children. As shown in the table, 7.3 percent of households countywide were single, female-headed households with children, higher than the statewide rate of 4.7 percent. In Orange Cove, more than 17.1 percent of householders were single female-headed households, followed by Huron at 15.1 percent and San Joaquin at 14.0 percent. The unincorporated area, which would have the least number of services and amenities associated with childcare needs, had the lowest percentage of single female-headed households at 3.3 percent of total households.

Table 2-30 Single Female-Headed Households (2020)
Jurisdiction Total Households
Single Female-Headed
Households with Own
Children Under Age 18
Percentage
Fresno County Total 310,097 22,501 7.3%
Clovis 37,726 2,568 6.8%
Coalinga 4,552 384 8.4%
Firebaugh 2,041 218 10.7%
Fowler 2,035 129 6.3%
Fresno 170,137 13,659 8.0%
Huron 1,874 283 15.1%
Kerman 4,113 277 6.7%
Kingsburg 3,754 241 6.4%
Mendota 2,838 289 10.2%
Orange Cove 2,682 458 17.1%
Parlier 3,875 466 12.0%
Reedley 7,030 515 7.3%
San Joaquin 919 129 14.0%
Sanger 7,419 710 9.6%
Selma 7,225 442 6.1%
Unincorporated County 51,877 1733 3.3%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) Female-headed, single-parent households often experience a high rate of poverty. Countywide, 34.0 percent of the female, single-parent households were living under the poverty level, compared to 14.5 percent of all households (see Table 2-31, Female-Headed Households in Poverty [2020]). In San Joaquin, 68.4 percent of female-headed households were living in poverty, followed by Mendota (65.6 percent), Orange Cove (62.4 percent), and Huron (61.2 percent). The poverty rate for all households is also high in these areas. Kingsburg had the lowest percentage of female-headed households in poverty (16.8 percent), but it is still higher than the rate for all families. For comparison, statewide, 9.0 percent of families and 21.5 percent of female-headed households were in poverty, below the Fresno County level.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-47 Table 2-31 Female-Headed Households in Poverty (2020)
Jurisdiction Total Households in Poverty Female-Headed Households in Poverty Number Percentage Number Percentage
Fresno County 37,430 16.7% 18,037 34.0%
Clovis 1,793 6.4% 988 17.8%
Coalinga 537 16.0% 301 34.3%
Firebaugh 546 30.3% 264 51.6%
Fowler 206 13.8% 111 42.0%
Fresno 22,099 19.2% 11,582 36.1%
Huron 530 34.1% 255 61.2%
Kerman 365 11.8% 130 22.2%
Kingsburg 108 4.0% 71 16.8%
Mendota 802 33.3% 376 65.6%
Orange Cove 1,004 44.9% 419 62.4%
Parlier 969 29.7% 408 40.4%
Reedley 1,092 18.4% 335 29.5%
Sanger 1,208 19.7% 592 35.9%
San Joaquin 257 30.3% 143 68.4%
Selma 1,006 18.3% 419 34.2%
Unincorporated County 4,908 12.2% 1,659 28.3%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) Single-parent households can benefit from most affordable housing programs, including Housing Choice Vouchers, Homebuyer Assistance Program (HAP), and Housing Rehabilitation Program (HARP) in the county. The County offers the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Program to help eligible needy families who have children under the age of 19 with cash assistance, Medi-Cal, and employment services.

Assistance programs offered by organizations like First Five Fresno County and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) can also assist these households with securing affordable childcare and housing.

Persons with Disabilities
Persons with disabilities typically have special housing needs because of their physical and/or developmental capabilities, fixed or limited incomes, and higher health costs associated with their disabilities. A disability is defined broadly by the Census Bureau as a physical, mental, or emotional condition that lasts over a long period of time and makes it difficult to live independently. The Census Bureau defines six disabilities: hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care, or independent living disabilities.

Persons with disabilities have different housing needs depending on the nature and severity of the disability.

Physically disabled persons generally require modifications to their housing units, such as wheelchair ramps, elevators or lifts, wide doorways, accessible cabinetry, and modified fixtures and appliances. Special design and other considerations for persons with disabilities include single-level units, availability of services, group living 78 215
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2-48 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 opportunities, and proximity to transit. While regulations adopted by the State require all groundfloor units of new apartment complexes with five or more units to be accessible to persons with disabilities, single-family units have no accessibility requirements. If a disability prevents a person from operating a vehicle, then proximity to services and access to public transportation are particularly important. If a disability prevents an individual from working or limits income, then the cost of housing and the costs of modifications are likely to be even more challenging. Those with severe physical or mental disabilities may also require supportive housing, nursing facilities, or care facilities.

In addition, many disabled people rely solely on Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which is insufficient for market-rate housing.

Severely mentally disabled persons are especially in need of assistance. Mentally disabled individuals are those with psychiatric disabilities that impair their ability to function in the community to varying degrees. In Fresno County, an estimated 189,579 residents have some form of mental disability that requires special housing accommodations, medical treatment, and/or supportive services such as In-Home Supportive Services (IHSS) provided by Fresno County.

According to the 2016-2020 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 12.9 percent of the population countywide aged five and over is living with one or more disabilities. (See Table 2-32, Persons with a Disability [2020]). This is higher than the statewide rate of 10.7 percent. The population 65 years and over has the highest rate of disabilities, as previously discussed. Table 2-33, Disability by Type (2020), provides information on the nature of these disabilities. The total disabilities number shown for all age groups exceeds the number of persons with disabilities because a person can have more than one disability. The percentage of persons with each type of disability is based on total number of persons with disabilities and is not cumulative. The city of Fresno had the highest number of persons with a disability among the total population, at 74,571. However, Fresno also has the greatest representation of services and amenities for persons with disabilities, and a more comprehensive system of bus and transit services, which can partially contribute to the higher concentration of persons with disabilities in the city. In contrast, San Joaquin had the lowest rate of persons with a disability at 3.6 percent, correlating with the lowest representations of seniors and the lowest proportion of seniors with disabilities. Among hearing difficulty, Kingsburg had the highest percentage, while vision difficulty and independent living difficulty had the highest rate at 28.3 percent and 49.5 percent in Mendota. Kerman had the highest rate for cognitive difficulty at 51.5 percent, while Firebaugh had the highest rate for ambulatory and self-care difficulty (69.7 and 28.8 percent). 79 216
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-49 Table 2-32 Persons with a Disability (2020)
Jurisdiction With a Disability Percentage Total Population Fresno County 127,456 12.9% 990,204
Clovis 12,683 10.6% 120,124
Coalinga 2,069 11.8% 17,590
Firebaugh 532 6.6% 8,096
Fowler 1,162 17.3% 6,700
Fresno 74,571 13.8% 542,107
Huron 669 10.8% 6,206
Kerman 1,641 10.2% 16,016
Kingsburg 1,229 9.9% 12,380
Mendota 650 5.2% 12,595
Orange Cove 759 7.9% 9,649
Parlier 1,200 8.2% 14,576
Reedley 2,799 11.1% 25,227
Sanger 2,461 9.2% 26,617
San Joaquin 132 3.6% 3,701
Selma 2,759 11.2% 24,674
Unincorporated County 22,140 13.6% 162,396
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) Table 2-33 Disability by Type (2020)
Jurisdiction Hearing
Difficulty
Vision
Difficulty
Cognitive
Difficulty
Ambulatory
Difficulty
SelfCare
Difficulty
Independent
Living
Difficulty
Fresno County 28.5% 24.5% 41.0% 49.7% 21.8% 38.0%
Clovis 28.1% 21.3% 41.1% 47.1% 22.4% 35.3%
Coalinga 28.9% 14.6% 34.3% 47.0% 11.8% 25.9%
Firebaugh 9.4% 6.6% 31.8% 69.7% 28.8% 43.2%
Fowler 32.7% 22.5% 21.1% 52.6% 13.7% 37.1%
Fresno 27.0% 27.1% 44.0% 50.1% 23.5% 39.5%
Huron 18% 48.4% 19.4% 42.6% 0.0% 3.3%
Kerman 23.3% 17.9% 51.5% 59.6% 11.0% 31.7%
Kingsburg 41.1% 17.6% 39.3% 46.7% 23.7% 46.4%
Mendota 17.5% 28.3% 41.5% 40.6% 20.3% 49.5%
Orange Cove 16.7% 27.0% 35.0% 51.0% 9.2% 27.5%
Parlier 26.4% 27.7% 31.1% 46.9% 14.4% 25.3%
Reedley 30.9% 24.5% 35.9% 49.8% 20.4% 38.3%
Sanger 25.9% 19.4% 38.7% 54.1% 22.8% 37.6%
San Joaquin 18.2% 7.6% 44.7% 55.3% 15.9% 38.6%
Selma 34.7% 22.1% 30.7% 56.3% 16.2% 29.0%
Unincorporated County 34.5% 20.0% 35.7% 48.1% 20.0% 38.3% Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) 80 217
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2-50 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Developmental Disabilities
Senate Bill (SB) 812, which took effect January 2011, amended State housing element law to require an evaluation of the special housing needs of persons with developmental disabilities. A “developmental disability” is defined as a disability that originates before an individual becomes 18 years old, continues or can be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitutes a substantial disability for that individual. This includes intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism. Many developmentally disabled persons are able to live and work normally. However, more severely disabled individuals require a group living environment with supervision, or an institutional environment with medical attention and physical therapy. Because developmental disabilities exist before adulthood, the first housing issue for the developmentally disabled is the transition from living with a parent/guardian as a child to an appropriate level of independence as an adult.

Table 2-34, Clients in Fresno County with Developmental Disabilities by Age (2022), shows the number of people in Fresno County jurisdictions receiving assistance as of April 2022. This is only a count of those developmentally disabled people receiving services from the Department of Developmental Services as of April 2022. It is likely that the actual count is higher.

The majority of these individuals (more than 7,000) lived in their own home and the rest lived in independent living or supportive living (about 900 persons), community care facilities (about 666 persons), foster or family homes (less than 369 persons), or an intermediate care facility (about 230 persons).

Table 2-34 Clients in Fresno County with Developmental Disabilities by Age (2022) Jurisdiction 0-17 Years 18+ Years Total
Fresno County 5,468 5,367 10,835
Clovis 652 54 706
Coalinga 54 44 98
Firebaugh 44 37 81
Fresno 3,525 3,838 7,363
Fowler 28 32 60
Huron 23 15 38
Kerman 122 98 220
Kingsburg 67 64 131
Mendota 70 32 102
Parlier 102 55 157
Reedley 205 119 324
Sanger 197 197 394
San Joaquin 21 11 32
Selma 174 108 282
Unincorporated 172 141 313
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- Department of Developmental Services, April 2022 81 218
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-51 Licensed Care Facilities
For persons requiring a supportive housing setting, Fresno County has 210 licensed care facilities with 4,953 beds.

The majority of these facilities are in the city of Fresno. However, there are also 67 facilities in Clovis, one in Fowler and Kerman, three in Reedley, three in Sanger, , and one in Selma.

Homeless
Most families become homeless because they are unable to afford housing in a particular community. Nationwide, about half of those experiencing homelessness over the course of a year are single adults. Most enter and exit the system fairly quickly. The remainder live in the homeless assistance system, or in a combination of shelters, hospitals, the streets, jails, and prisons. There are also single homeless people who are not adults, including runaway and “throwaway” youth (children whose parents will not allow them to live at home).

There are various reasons that contribute to homelessness. These may be any combination of factors such as loss of employment, inability to find a job, lack of marketable work skills, or high housing costs. For some, the loss of housing due to chronic health problems, physical disabilities, mental health disabilities, or drug and alcohol addictions, and an inability to access support services and long-term care may result in homelessness. Although each category has different needs, the most urgent need is for emergency shelter and case management (i.e., help with accessing needed services). Emergency shelters have minimal supportive services for homeless persons and are limited to occupancy of six months or less. No individual or household may be denied emergency shelter because of an inability to pay.

For many, supportive housing, transitional housing, long-term rental assistance, and/or greater availability of lowincome rental units are also needed. Supportive housing has no limit on length of stay and is linked to on-site or off-site services that assist residents in retaining housing, improving his or her health status, and maximizing his or her ability to live and, when possible, work in the community.

Transitional housing is usually in buildings configured as rental housing developments but operated with State programs that require the unit to be cycled to other eligible program recipients after some pre-determined amount of time. Transitional housing programs provide extended shelter and supportive services for homeless individuals and/or families with the goal of helping them live independently and transition into permanent housing. Some programs require that the individual/family be transitioning from a short-term emergency shelter. Transitional housing may be configured for specialized groups within the homeless population, such as people with substance abuse problems, the mentally ill, domestic violence victims, veterans, or people with HIV/AIDS. In many cases, transitional housing programs will provide services for two years or more. The supportive services may be provided directly by the organization managing the housing or by other public or private agencies in a coordinated effort with the housing provider.

In 2001, Fresno County and Madera County formed the Fresno-Madera Continuum of Care (FMCoC). This community-based collaborative is the best available source for homelessness information and services for homeless individuals and families. The Continuum of Care services and resources include:
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2-52 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023  Homeless Prevention
 Outreach, Intake, and Assessment
 Emergency Shelter
 Transitional Housing
 Supportive Services
 Permanent Housing
 Permanent Supportive Housing
The best estimate is the Homeless Census and Survey collected by FMCoC. In January 2022, the FMCoC published its Homeless Census and Survey Report (Point-in-Time [PIT]) count, which estimated 3,938 persons experiencing homelessness in Fresno County. Of that number, 1,728 persons were sheltered homeless and 2,210 were unsheltered homeless (Table 2-35, Total Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Count: Fresno County (2022).

Table 2-35 Total Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Count: Fresno County (2022) Population 2022 PIT Count
Unsheltered Homeless 2,210
Sheltered Homeless 1,728
Total 3,938
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 --Fresno/Madera Continuum of Care, 2022.

The California Department of Education defines homeless children as individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. This definition also includes:
 Children and youth who are sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason.
 Children who may be living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, shelters, or awaiting foster care placement.  Children and youth who have a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.  Children and youth who are living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings.
 Migratory children who qualify as homeless because they are children who are living in similar circumstances listed above.

In February 2022, the FMCoC completed a PIT count and found that there were an estimated 541 people experiencing homelessness in Fresno County, which included the incorporated rural cities of Selma, Sanger Clovis and/or rural areas of unincorporated Fresno County. The PIT also identified 3,397 people experiencing homelessness in the city of Fresno. In an effort to provide an estimate of the number of homeless persons by jurisdiction, a percentage of the population was calculated as shown in Table 2-36, Estimated Number of Homeless Persons by Jurisdiction. This percentage assumes the countywide population for Fresno County population and subtracts the city of Fresno population since a total homeless count was done for the city. This percentage was then applied to the total homeless count of 541. The city of Fresno had the highest percentage of 83 220
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-53 people experiencing homelessness at 53.8 percent, followed by the unincorporated county (34.2 percent) and the city of Clovis (26.4 percent). Each jurisdiction also supplemented the PIT count assumptions with local knowledge (police department, city/county staff, agency providing services to the homeless population) where available.

The FMCoC released the 2023 PIT count on July 26, 2023. The overall count was only provided for the County of Fresno as a whole and the City of Fresno. Data for individual jurisdictions was not available. As previously mentioned, local estimates are available in Table 2-36, Estimated Number of Homeless Persons by Jurisdiction.

According to the 2023 PIT count, the City of Fresno’s percentage of unsheltered population increased by 9.2 percent and the sheltered population decreased by 18.4 percent since 2022. For the overall county, the percentage of unsheltered population increased by 15.6 percent and the sheltered population decreased by 59.3 percent. See Table 2-37, Comparison of 2022 and 2023 Point-In-Time Homeless Count, for a comparison between the 2022 and 2023 PIT count.

Table 2-36 Estimated Number of Homeless Persons by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Total Population % of County Pop* Estimated Total Homeless
Local Estimate
(Unsheltered)
City of Fresno 543,660 53.8% 3,397**
Fresno County 1,011,273 100.0% 541**
Unincorporated County 160,074 34.2% 185
Coalinga 17,277 3.7% 7
Firebaugh 8,439 1.8% 3
Fowler 6,962 1.5% 3
Huron 6,170 1.3% 2 49
Kerman 16,639 3.6% 7 16
Kingsburg 12,506 2.7% 5 6
Mendota 12,440 2.7% 5
Orange Cove 9,497 2.0% 4
Parlier 14,497 3.1% 6
Reedley 24,982 5.3% 10 38
Sanger 26,304 5.6% 10 36
San Joaquin 3,639 0.8% 1
Selma 24,522 5.2% 10 30
Clovis 123,665 26.4% 49
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 --Fresno/Madera Continuum of Care, 2022. * Percentages for all cities and the unincorporated county are calculated with the city of Fresno population removed. * *Based on actual 2022 PIT counts.
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2-54 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-37 Comparison of 2022 and 2023 Point In Time Homeless Count 2023
Jurisdiction Unsheltered Sheltered Total
Fresno City 1,819 1,388 3,207
Fresno County 594 11 605
Total 2,413 1,399 3,812
2022
Jurisdiction Unsheltered Sheltered Total
Fresno City 1,696 1,701 3,397
Fresno County 514 27 541
Total 2,210 1,728 3,938
Percentage Change from 2022 to 2023
Jurisdiction Unsheltered Sheltered Total
Fresno City 123% -313% -190%
Fresno County 80% -16% 64%
Total 203% -329% -126%
Percentage Change from 2022 to 2023
Jurisdiction Unsheltered Sheltered Total
Fresno City 7.3% -18.4% -5.6%
Fresno County 15.6% -59.3% 11.8%
Total 9.2% -19.0% -3.2%
Source: Fresno/Madera Continuum of Care, 2023.

According to the FMCoC, there are several emergency shelters for homeless individuals. The majority of those shelters are in the city of Fresno. Table 2-38, Bed Inventory by Program Type, Fresno County and Madera County (2022), shows the number of beds and units available during the last week of February 23, 2022 dedicated to serving homeless persons, per HUD’s definition. There were a total of 5,101 units available to the homeless in Fresno County and Madera County. Typically, the county’s smaller cities and communities form alliances with agencies and organizations in the city of Fresno and encourage homeless persons to seek assistance in the city of Fresno where services are most available.

Table 2-38 Bed Inventory by Program Type, Fresno County and Madera County (2022) Facility Type Number of Beds
Emergency Shelter 1,795
Transitional Housing 358
Permanent Supportive Housing 389
Rapid Re-Housing 2,559
Total 5,101
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- Fresno/Madera Continuum of Care, PIT Count 2022. 85 222
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-55 Table 2-39 through Table 2-40 lists all emergency shelters, transitional housing, safe havens, permanent supportive housing, and rapid re-housing projects within Fresno County. However, most of these are in the city of Fresno. There is one 18-bed transitional housing project in the city of Clovis and one 17-bed transitional housing project in the unincorporated county. Both are run by the Marjaree Mason Center and are targeted towards single females with children and victims of domestic violence. Additionally, the City of Reedley has an 18-person temporary emergency housing facility within an existing two-story single family residence.

Additional organizations providing assistance, services, and housing in the county include Catholic Social Services, Emergency Housing Center (Plaza Terrace), Evangel Home, Inc., United Way, Fresno Rescue Mission, and Marjaree Mason Center. To assist people with reaching services that can help them in their time of need, United Way of Fresno County offers a free 2-1-1 information and referral line. The database provides persons in need with links to over 500 government, community-based, faith-based, and private and public agencies with over 1,500 programs/services.

As discussed in Section 4, Housing Development Constraints, State law (Senate Bill 2) requires all jurisdictions in California to provide zoning for emergency shelters and transitional and supportive housing. The appendices provide information on compliance for jurisdictions in Fresno County. 86 223
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2-56 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023Table 2-39 Emergency Shelters in Fresno County (2023) Project
Type Organization Name Project Name Location Target population Victims of
Domestic
Violence
Total
Beds
ES County of Fresno ETA VOUCHERS Fresno Households with children N/A 57 ES Fresno EOC Sanctuary Youth Shelter Fresno Unaccompanied males and females under 18 N/A 20 PSH Fresno Housing Authority Renaissance at Parc Grove Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 40 PSH Fresno Housing Authority Alta Monte Fresno Single males and females (over 18) N/A 30 PSH Fresno Housing Authority Renaissance at Santa Clara Fresno Single males and females (over 18) N/A 70 PSH Fresno Housing Authority Trinity Project Fresno Single males and females (over 18) N/A 21 PSH Fresno Housing Authority Villages at Broadway Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 26 PSH Fresno Housing Authority Villages at Paragon Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 21 PSH Fresno Housing Authority Alegre Commons Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 42 TH Marjaree Mason Center Clovis Shelter Clovis Single females and households with children Yes 18 ES Marjaree Mason Center Reedley House Reedley Single females and households with children Yes 18 ES Marjaree Mason Center Domestic Violence Shelter Fresno Single females and households with children Yes 93 TH Marjaree Mason Center Downtown Transition Fresno Households with children Yes 16 TH Marjaree Mason Center Next Step Fresno Single females Yes 8 TH Marjaree Mason Center Olson House Fresno County Single females and households with children Yes 17 SH Poverello House Naomi's House Fresno Single females 24 PSH Turning Point (TPOCC) Family Villa Fresno Households with children N/A 26 PSH Turning Point (TPOCC) STASIS Fresno Single males and females (over 18) N/A 16 TH Turning Point (TPOCC) Sage Commons Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 105 TH Turning Point (TPOCC) Bridge Point Fresno Single males and females (over 18) N/A 30 PSH Turning Point (TPOCC) Falcon County Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 34 LB Turning Point (TPOCC) Golden State Triage Fresno Males and Females N/A 50 LB Turning Point (TPOCC) Journey Home Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 80 LB Turning Point (TPOCC) Step on 99 Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 99 87 224
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-57 Project
Type Organization Name Project Name Location Target population Victims of
Domestic
Violence
Total
Beds
LB Turning Point (TPOCC) Sun Lodge Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 98 LB Turning Point (TPOCC) The Welcome Center Fresno Single males and females (over 18) N/A 30 ES VA Central CA Health Care System HCHV/RT- Redux House Fresno Single males N/A 36 ES VA Central CA Health Care System HCHV/RT-Thompson Veterans Home Fresno Single males N/A 6 TH Valley Teen Ranch Transitional Living Home Fresno Single males N/A 4 RRH West Care ESG Fresno Single males N/A 7
TH West Care GPD HomeFront Fresno Single females and households with children N/A 15 TH West Care GPD Veteran's Plaza Fresno Single males N/A 28 RRH West Care SSVF Fresno Single females and males plus households with children N/A 23 PSH WestCare Project Lift Off Fresno Households with children N/A 45 Note: Project types: ES= Emergency Shelter; TH= Transitional Housing; SH= Safe Haven; PSH= Permanent Supportive Housing; RRH= Rapid Re-Housing LB=Low Barrier Navigation Center Source: Fresno Housing Authority, 2023. 88 225
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2-58 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-40 Residential Care Facilities (2023)
Facility Address Beds
The Acacia House 2826 W. San Gabriel, Fresno CA 93705 4 Alder Care Home 2340 South Adler Ave., Fresno, CA 93725 6 Allen Residential Vista House 4591 N. Vista, Fresno, CA 93722 6 Anderson Community Care Facility 2534 East University Avenue, Fresno, CA 93703 6 Avedikian Home #2 7237 N. Cecelia Avenue, Fresno, CA 93722 4 Baghetti-Home 2737 Norwich Avenue, Clovis, CA 93611 6
Bryland Adult Residential Facility, LLC 510 E. Tower, Fresno, CA 93706 6 Burrus Adult Residential 157 N. Armstrong, Clovis, CA 93611 6 Calloway Adult Residential Facility 5292 W.Wildflower Ln.Code#1379, Fresno, CA 93725 6 Charlotte's Place, Inc. 4262 N. Glenn Ave., Fresno, CA 93704 6 Comfort Care Home 4484 N. Garden Ave., Fresno, CA 93726 6 Corpuz Adult Residential Facility 1536 Barstow Avenue, Clovis, CA 93611 6 Cotta-Brown Group Home II 4673 N Angus, Fresno, CA 93726 6 Dailey's Haven 4479 N. Eddy, Fresno, CA 93727 6
Dailey's Home Care 4690 East Hamilton, Fresno, CA 93702 6 Dba Canonizado's Clinton Home 1509 W. Clinton Avenue, Fresno, CA 93705 6 Del Mundo Home 867 Oxford Ave, Clovis, CA 93612 4
Dial For Care, Inc. 1640 N Delno, Fresno, CA 93705 4
Eddie's Terrace 2693 South Bardell Avenue, Fresno, CA 93706 6 Eddie's Terrace #2 5041 E. Tower, Fresno, CA 93725 6
Eddie's Terrace #3 3450 W. Sierra, Fresno, CA 93711 6
Eddies Terrace #4 1415 W. Sierra, Fresno, CA 93711 6
Eddie's Terrace #5 6459 North Channing Avenue, Fresno, CA 93711 6 Eddie's Terrace #6 1283 West Twain Avenue, Fresno, CA 93711 6 Eddie's Terrace #7 1837 South Bush Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727 6 Farroll Home 1862 Florence Ave., Sanger, CA 93657 6
Fillmore Christian Garden 4826 E. Fillmore, Fresno, CA 93727 27 Garibay Home II 138 E. Bellaire Way, Fresno, CA 93704 4 Garibay-Holland Home 4850 E. Holland, Fresno, CA 93726 6 Garrett Christian Home 5642 E. Garrett, Fresno, CA 93727 6 Hand Home 4741 N. Greenwood, Sanger, CA 93657 6
Haskins Residential Care 1037 South Chestnut Avenue, Fresno, CA 93702 18 Helping Hands 5277 N. Santa Fe Avenue, Fresno, CA 93711 6 Home Of Hope I 8623 N. Paula Ave., Fresno, CA 93720 6
Home Of Hope II Adult Residential Facility 1204 E. San Ramon, Fresno, CA 93710 6 Jay Homes, Inc. 5611 West Floradora Avenue, Fresno, CA 93722 4 Jones Home 5389 E. Lowe Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727 4
Kaviland Place 4657 E. Kaviland, Fresno, CA 93725 6
Kendall Home, The 4318 North First Street, Fresno, CA 93726 6 Kindred House #1 2396 S. Poppy, Fresno, CA 93706 6
Laureen Adult Residential Facility 4429 North Laureen Avenue, Fresno, CA 9372 5 89 226
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-59 Facility Address Beds
Loop #1 5663 W. Tenaya, Fresno, CA 93722 4
Loop #2 1342 San Jose, Fresno, CA 93711 6
Loop #3 7931 North Baird Avenue, Fresno, CA 93720 4
Lynn Home 2715 Helm Avenue, Clovis, CA 93612 6
Manning Home 767 Manning Avenue, Reedley, CA 93654 6
Mante's Board & Care Home 5624 West Olive, Fresno, CA 93722 6 Mante's Home 6588 N. Meridian, Fresno, CA 93710 6
Martin Family Home #2 2935 East Weldon Avenue, Fresno, CA 93703 6 Martin Family Home #3 22056 East Dinuba Avenue 6
Martin's Home-Homsy 345 North Homsy Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727 6 McWealth Care Inc 6167 N. Cornelia Ave., Fresno, CA 93722 4 Medina Res. Care Svcs., Ltd LLC Ramona
Residence 1354 Ramona Ave., Clovis, CA 93612 6
Mi Casita Care Home III 233 W Norwich Ave, Clovis, CA 93612 4 Mi Casita Dos 296 W. Richert Avenue, Clovis, CA 93612 6 Michael Home 4828 E. Princeton, Fresno, CA 93703 6
Miller-Angelo Arf 5321 West Home Avenue, Fresno, CA 93722 6 Monsevais Res. Facility, Inc.-Dewey Home 6714 N. Dewey, Fresno, CA 93711 5 Monsevais Residential Facility 6622 N, Nantucket Ave., Fresno, CA 93704 6 Myles Community Service II 4664 E. Garrett, Fresno, CA 93725 6 Nelson's Community Care Facility 4836 North Sixth, Fresno, CA 93726 6 No Place Like Home 6302 W Los Alots Ave., Fresno, CA 93722 3 Ohannesian Home #2 10650 So. Frankwood Avenue, Reedley, CA 93654 6 Opoku-Ababio Adult Care 2723 E. Robinson Avenue, Fresno, CA 93726 6 Pathways 1511 W. Millbrae, Fresno, CA 93711 6
Pathways Adler Home 130 Adler Ave., Clovis, CA 93612 4
Patton Home 1270 N. Lucerne Lane, Fresno, CA 93728 6
Paul Home, The 4577 N. Sharon, Fresno, CA 93726 6
Psalm 23 Loving Care Residential 1085 W. Barstow Ave., Fresno, CA 93711 6 Reedley Home 3461 S. Usry Avenue, Reedley, CA 93654 6
Reyes Ranch LLC 20022 East American Ave., Reedley, CA 93654 4 Ruby's Valley Care Home 9919 South Elm Ave., Fresno, CA 93706 50 Safe Haven Claremont Community Care Home 905 Claremont Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727 4 Schexnayder's Home 6314 W. Dovewood Lane, Fresno, CA 93723 6 Sengsiri Home 1142 Carson Avenue, Clovis, CA 93611 6
Sunnyside Home 2540 S. Judy Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727 6
Sunshine Board and Care II 1642 W. Robinson Avenue, Fresno, CA 93705 6 Sunshine Care 4343 North Augusta Avenue, Fresno, CA 93726 6 V & A Assisted Living 6101 N. Mitre Avenue, Fresno, CA 93722 6 V & A Assisted Living "Celeste Home" 1686 W. Celeste, Fresno, CA 93711 6 V&A Assisted Living 11140 S. Cherry Ave., Fresno, CA 93725 4 Valley Comfort Home, Inc. 6579 E. Fillmore Avenue, Fresno, CA 93727 6 90 227
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2-60 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Facility Address Beds
Jay Homes Inc 698 S. Dockery, Sanger, CA 93657 6
Williams-Whittle Residential Care Home #2 4112 W. Providence Avenue, Fresno, CA 93722 6 Williams-Whittle Residential Home 821 W. Valencia, Fresno, CA 93706 6 Wilson Family Care Home 2145 Maple, Selma, CA 93662 4
Yellow Rose Residential Care Home-Hughes 4376 North Hughes Avenue, Fresno, CA 93705 6 Yellow Rose Residential Care Home-Norwich 3333 W. Norwich Avenue, Fresno, CA 93722 6 Total Beds 568
Source: California Department of Social Services Care Facility Search, as of May 2023.

Farmworkers
Farmworkers have a difficult time locating affordable housing in Fresno County. Due to a combination of limited English language skills and very low household incomes, the ability to obtain housing loans for home purchase is extremely limited. For the same reasons, rentals are also difficult to obtain. Housing needs include permanent family housing as well as accommodations for migrant single men, such as dormitory-style housing, especially during peak labor activity in May through October.

A growing number of migrant workers do not leave California during the non-farm season, but instead stay in the area and perform non-farm work such as construction and odd jobs. Housing needs of this migrant but nonfarmworker population are partially addressed by year-round housing units, but additional migrant units are needed.

Migrant and other seasonal farmworkers usually do not have a fixed physical address and work intermittently in various agricultural and non-agricultural occupations during a single year, with only casual employer-employee links. Many workers and/or their families live in rural, often remote areas and are reluctant to voice their housing needs and concerns to local government or housing authorities.

Farmworkers have the lowest family income and the highest poverty rate of any occupation surveyed by the Census Bureau and, therefore, often face challenges to pay for adequate housing. According to California EDD, the most recent data from 2014 measured median wage for farmworkers, which was $13.44/hour or approximately $25,804 per year for full-time work, which is considered extremely low-income. Many farmworkers are forced to pay market rate for their housing, since most farm owners do not provide housing for their workers, and many publicly owned or managed housing complexes are restricted to families. Because market-rate housing may be more than they can afford, many workers are forced to share a housing unit with several other workers, causing a severely overcrowded living situation. Migrant and seasonal farmworkers face a number of housing challenges, but primarily substandard housing conditions.

The nature of agricultural work also affects the specific housing needs of farmworkers. For instance, farmworkers employed on a year-round basis generally live with their families and need permanent affordable housing, much like other lower-income households. Migrant farmworkers who follow seasonal harvests generally need temporary housing only for the workers themselves.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-61 Determining the number of farmworkers in a region is difficult due to the variability of the definitions used by government agencies and other characteristics of the farming industry, such seasonal workers who migrate from place to place. The estimated number of farmworkers in Fresno County ranges from 37,9661 (ACS, 2012) to 94,039
(UC Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, 2012).2 The USDA Census of Agriculture reported 2,540 farms with a total of 37,819 workers in Fresno County (see Table 2-41, Farmworkers in Fresno County by Days Worked [2017]). The majority of the farmworkers were seasonal, working fewer than 150 days per year.

Table 2-41 Farmworkers in Fresno County by Days Worked (2017) 150 Days or More (Year-Round)
Total Farms
Farms 2,540
Workers 37,819
Large Farms (10 or more workers per farm)
Farms 1,557
Workers 16,876
Fewer than 150 Days (Seasonal)
Total Farms
Farms 1,753
Workers 20,943
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- USDA Agricultural Census, Table 7, 2017.

Another data source to consider is the ACS. The ACS is a national survey that uses a series of monthly samples to produce annual estimates for the same area surveyed. The 2016-2020 5-Year Estimates by ACS (Table 2-42, Estimated Farmworkers) provides information on agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining employment by jurisdiction. Although not all of these workers are farmworkers, it can provide an estimate. This category makes up a significant percentage of employment in Huron, Mendota, Orange Cove, San Joaquin, and Firebaugh. Huron has the highest percentage at 63.6 percent. Given the seasonal and transient nature of the farmworker community, the ACS data is likely an underestimate of the actual farmworker population. 1 U.S. Census Bureau, 2008-2012 American Community Survey, 2012. 2 UC Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, 2012. 92 229
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2-62 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-42 Estimated Farmworkers (2020)
Jurisdiction Total Employment Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining Number Number Percentage
Fresno County 408,625 36,163 8.8%
Clovis 51,408 646 1.3%
Coalinga 5,648 817 14.5%
Firebaugh 2,590 1,054 40.7%
Fowler 2,526 190 7.5%
Fresno 218,708 9,414 4.3%
Huron 2,494 1,586 63.6%
Kerman 6,135 1055 17.2%
Kingsburg 5,103 280 5.5%
Mendota 4,263 2,526 59.3%
Orange Cove 3,567 1,519 42.6%
Parlier 6,579 2,254 34.3%
Reedley 9,686 2,632 27.2%
Sanger 11,372 1,204 10.6%
San Joaquin 1,313 594 45.2%
Selma 9,987 1,245 12.5%
Unincorporated County 67,246 9,147 13.6%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (2016-2020) The EDD estimates the total farm labor employment in 2021 was 96,300 (annual average). Figure 2-7, Farm Employment, Fresno County, demonstrates the fluctuation in EDD estimates of hired farmworkers from 1990 to 2021. In 1990, the estimated annual average farm labor was 42,200and peaked at 91,200 in 1996, and decreased to a low of 67,700 in 2004. It peaked again in 2019 at 101,100 and dropped in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

EDD Industry Employment Data is based on the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. The CES survey is administered to a sample of California employers to gather information including monthly employment, hours, and earnings.

FIGURE 2-7. FARM EMPLOYMENT, FRESNO COUNTY
Source: CA Employment Development Department (EDD) Labor Market Information, 2022. 0 20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021 93 230
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-63 Looking at the U.S. Department of Agriculture Census of Farmworkers, the number of permanent farm workers in Fresno County has decreased slightly from 2002 to 2017, decreasing from 18,751 farmworkers to 16,876 farmworkers. However, there was a slight increase from 2007 to 2012, showing an increase from 14,873 farmworkers to 17,751 farmworkers. The seasonal number has also decreased from 51,240 in 2002 to 20,943 in 2017 (Figure 2-8, Farm Labor in Fresno County).

These areas are more rural and strongly based in agriculture.

FIGURE 2-8. FARM LABOR IN FRESNO COUNTY
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Farmworkers (2002, 2007, 2012, 2017), Table 7: Hired Farm Labor Note: Hired farm workers (including direct hires and agricultural service workers who are often hired through labor contractors) are considered seasonal if they work on a farm less than 150 days in a year, while farm workers who work on a farm more than 150 days are considered to be permanent workers for that farm.

Seasonal Farmworker Housing
The Fresno Housing Authority manages 194 units of seasonal farmworker housing for migrant farmworkers. This includes 131 housing units in Parlier owned by the State of California, Office of Migrant Services, and 64 units in Firebaugh. These units are open about six months of the year, from April through October, to serve agricultural workers during planting and harvesting seasons when most workers are needed.

The Housing Authority also owns, manages, and maintains three year-round housing complexes, exclusively for farm laborers, including 60 units in Mendota, 30 units in Orange Cove, and 41 units in Parlier. Both the seasonal and year-round units are restricted to legal U.S. residents who earn at least $5,752.50 annually from agriculturally related work. The cost of managing and maintaining the complexes is subsidized by the State of California, Office of Migrant Services, and the USDA Rural Development. In addition, some private farmworker housing units are available, such as Willow Family Apartments in Clovis, which has 30 units set aside for farmworkers. 18,751 14,873 17,751 16,876 51,240 37,854 40,873 20,943 0 10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Permanent Seasonal
Farm Workers
2002 2007 2012 2017
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2-64 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Transportation
A four-county pilot program established in 2000 known as Agricultural Industries Transportation Services (AITS) provided safe, reliable transportation to agricultural workers. This program has evolved into CalVans. Sponsored by California Vanpool Authority, CalVans supplies qualified drivers with late-model vans to drive themselves and others to work or school. The California Vanpool Authority pays for the gas, maintenance, repairs, and a $10 million insurance policy. These agriculture vanpool programs serve a wide range of California counties, including Fresno County. It offers a cost-effective commute rate with passengers paying (on average) a little over $2 per ride.

Farmworkers travel distances ranging from a few miles to over 70 miles one-way to work. This program provides workers opportunities to live in one residence throughout the season regardless of where they are needed to work in the fields or packing plants. The program allows the county to determine where to best place farmworker housing based on land availability, zoning, services, and other criteria, rather than where farmworkers might be working most often.

Migrant Workers
Farmworkers have a variety of special housing needs in terms of affordability, location, and duration of residence.

The increase in farmworkers living in Fresno County on a permanent basis increases the need for local, affordable farmworker housing for household types other than single adult men and women, including family housing and all the services and neighborhood amenities associated with raising families and being permanent members of the community.

Farmworkers may face added affordable housing challenges due to immigration status. Federally funded affordable housing projects require the head of household to have documentation of legal resident status, precluding some farmworkers from subsidized farmworker housing. Even seasonal farmworkers may travel with families, with children who at least temporarily enroll in local schools.

According to the California Department of Education California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System (CALPADS), there were about 5,902 migrant students throughout Fresno County. While these estimates are at the school district level (students can live in one City and attend a school located in a different City), the data shows that the vast majority of migrant students for 2020-2021 school year are within the City of Fresno where many services and farmworker housing in the county takes place. Typically, farmworker positions, unless they own the business, do not pay well and thus may have trouble finding adequate housing in the county.

Since 2016, the migrant worker student population in Fresno County has fluctuated. The City’s with the consistent number of enrolled migrant labor students are the City of Fresno, Reedley, Mendota, Selma and the Unincorporated City of Caruthers. Overall, for Fresno County as a whole, the migrant worker student population increased by approximately 1,122 students from the 2016-17 school year to the 2020-21 school year, which identifies a need for farmworker housing and resources. (Table 2-43, Migrant Student Population). 95 232
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-65 Table 2-43 Migrant Worker Student Population
Geography School District 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 Coalinga and Huron Coalinga/Huron 144 203 159 154 171
Clovis Clovis Unified 51 51 49 44 43
Firebaugh Firebaugh-Las Delta Unified 235 344 334 313 272 Fowler Fowler Unified 25 30 32 20 13
Fresno (City)
American Union No data available
Fresno County Office of
Education 32 22 39 32 33
Fresno Unified 725 867 850 713 918
Monroe Elementary 41 43 33 25 22
Orange Center 1139 1289 1392 1481 1607
Pacific Union Elementary No data available
Washington Colony
Elementary No data available
Washington Unified 155 175 189 203 218
Washington Union High No data available
West Fresno Elementary No data available
West Park Elementary 14 19 17 15 13
Central Unified 208 179 172 153 164
San Joaquin Golden Plains Unified 106 126 93 120 83
Kerman Kerman Unified 248 216 208 260 247
Reedley Kings Canyon Joint Unified 406 469 451 594 563
Kingsburg
Kingsburg Elementary Charter No data available
Kingsburg Joint Union High No data available
Clay Joint Elementary No data available
Las Deltas Elementary No data available
Mendota Mendota 331 253 323 464 626
Parlier Parlier Unified 361 311 445 415 395
Sanger Sanger Unified 67 47 38 39 30
Selma Selma Unified 389 386 384 395 398
Unincorporated Fresno
County
Total Unincorporated County
school districts 227 206 164 203 303
Barrel Union Burrel Union Elementary No data available 12 Big Creek Big Creek Elementary No data available
Caruthers Caruthers Unified 113 122 91 119 182
Laton Joint Laton Joint Unified 21 20 17 21 21
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2-66 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Geography School District 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 Auberry Pine Ridge No data available
Raisin City Raisin City Elementary 26 17 18 24 58
Riverdale Riverdale Joint Unified 67 47 38 39 30
Prather Sierra Unified No data available
Five Points Westside Elementary No data available 12
Total All Schools 4,780 5,061 5,185 5,445 5,902
Source: California Department of Education, California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System (CALPADS), Cumulative Enrollment Data (Academic Years 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020-2021) Notes: The data used for this table was obtained at the school site level and categorized by geography.

Non-English Speakers
California has long been an immigration gateway to the United States, which means that many languages are spoken throughout the State and the Central Valley. Since learning a new language is universally challenging, it is not uncommon for residents who have immigrated to the United States to have limited English proficiency. This limit can lead to additional disparities if there is a disruption in housing, such as an eviction, because residents may not be aware of their rights or may be wary to engage due to immigration status concerns. Regionwide and for Fresno County overall, the proportion of residents five years and older with limited English proficiency is 10.1 percent.

The cities with the highest percent of limited English-speaking household were Mendota (51.9 percent), Huron (49.3 percent), San Joaquin (47.4 percent), and Firebaugh (43.9 percent). Both Firebaugh and Huron were also identified as having an over-representation of very low-income households. (Table 2-44, Limited EnglishSpeaking Households). 97 234
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-67 Table 2-44 Limited English-Speaking Households
Jurisdiction Limited English-Speaking Households
Number Percent
Fresno County 31,172 10.1%
Clovis 1,357 3.6%
Coalinga 319 7.0%
Firebaugh 896 43.9%
Fowler 153 7.5%
Fresno 15,365 9.0%
Huron 923 49.3%
Kerman 760 18.5%
Kingsburg 74 2.0%
Mendota 1,472 51.9%
Orange Cove 861 32.1%
Parlier 1,263 32.6%
Reedley 880 12.5%
Sanger 850 11.5%
San Joaquin 436 47.4%
Selma 1,125 15.6%
Unincorporated County 581 n/a
Source: American Community Survey Estimates (2016-2020), Table S1602.

Notes: 1Averaged based off Auberry CDP, Big Creek CDP, Caruthers CDP, Laton CDP, Raisin City CDP and Riverdale CDP.

Income
According to the 2015-2019 ACS, the annual median income for the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting category, was $30,596 per individual. This income for a one or two person households, would fall into the very low-income category (see Table 2-45, Resources for Farmworkers).

In Fresno County, farmworker housing needs can be met with single family homes, multifamily units, Mobile and Manufactured Homes, ADUs, and with assistance from Housing Choice Vouchers. In addition to resources in Fresno County neighboring Kern, Merced, Madera and Kings counties as well as the State of California have resources available for farmworkers.
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2-68 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Resources
Table 2-45 Resources for Farmworkers
Provider Area Served Services Available
Binational Central
California
Fresno, Madera, Merced,
Stanislaus, San Joaquin, Tulare,
Kings, and Kern counties
Immigration, healthcare, and educational
resources
United Farm Workers
Foundation Fresno and Kern counties
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
(DACA), Family-based petitions,
Naturalization/Citizenship, assistance with
completing forms, Filings with USCIS,
Representation before the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA), Legislative
advocacy (state or national), Referrals to other
services
California Farmworker
Foundation
Tulare, Santa Barbara, Kern,
Fresno, Madera and Riverside
counties
Education, Workforce Development, Health
and Wellness, Immigration Services, and
Community Wellness.

California Rural Legal
Assistance
Sacramento and Fresno
Counties
Housing advocacy, Immigration Law, Removal
Defense, Impact Litigation, Labor +
Employment, Pesticide + Work Safety, Sexual
Harassment Prevention and Sustainable Rural
Communities,
Larry Itliong Center Tulare County Community Space
Parlier Migrant Center Fresno County 131 Farmworker Units Green Raiteros Fresno County Transportation, workforce development and small business advancement.

Rural Mobile Health Fresno County Medical services and screenings at no-cost Central California Food
Bank
Fresno, Madera, Merced,
Stanislaus, San Joaquin, Tulare,
Kings, and Kern counties.

Food bank, School food programs, Fresh
produce distributions, senior hunger programs,
Emergency food assistance program (ERAP).

CalFresh outreach, and Farm Worker
Community Partnership.

Centro La Familia Fresno County
Domestic Violence Assistance, Sexual Assault
Services, Rescue and Restore Victims of
Human Trafficking, Support services,
Consumer and Family Advocacy, CalFresh
Outreach and Education, Telecommunications
Education and Assistance in Multiple
languages (TEAM), and Immigration Services
Central California Legal
Services Fresno County Legal Services
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-69 Provider Area Served Services Available
Fair Housing Council of
Central California
Fresno, Madera, Merced,
Stanislaus, San Joaquin, Tulare,
Kings, and Kern counties
Fair Housing Advocacy and Services
Resources for
Independence Central
Valley
Fresno and Merced counties
Independent living services, Youth
Empowerment, Assistive Technology and
Training Services, and Emergency
Preparedness
Source: Fresno County Resource List, 2023.

Refer to Section 3 – Regional Fair Housing Assessment for more information on Farmworker background and needs.

Extremely Low-Income Households
Extremely low-income households are defined as those households with incomes under 30 percent of the county’s median income. Extremely low-income households typically consist of minimum wage workers, seniors on fixed incomes, the disabled, and farmworkers. This group of households has specific housing needs that require greater government subsidies and assistance, housing with supportive services, single-room occupancy (SRO) and/or shared housing, and/or rental subsidies or vouchers. This income group is likely to live in overcrowded and substandard housing conditions. In recent years, rising rents, higher income, and credit standards imposed by landlords, and insufficient government assistance has exacerbated the problem. Without adequate assistance, this group has a high risk of homelessness.

For a family of four in Fresno County, a household making under $27,750 in 2022 would be considered an extremely low-income household. The minimum wage in California is currently $14.00, well above the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour. With a minimum wage of $14.00, workers would receive an annual salary of $29,120, which by 2022 income limits would be in between extremely low-income and very low-income.

As shown in Table 2-46, Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure (2018), an estimated 13.3 percent of households in Fresno County in 2018 were considered extremely low income. Some jurisdictions have very high rates of extremely low-income households, including San Joaquin (34.8 percent), Huron (30.9 percent), Parlier (26.6 percent), and Orange Cove (26.3 percent). Clovis and Unincorporated Fresno County has the lowest percentages of extremely low-income households (8.9 and 7.0 percent). Typically, extremely low-income households are renters, at 80.0 percent of extremely low-income households countywide, and only 20.0 percent own their homes.
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2-70 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-46 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure (2018) Jurisdiction
Extremely low-Income
Owner Households
Extremely low-Income
Renter Households
Total
Extremely
Low-Income
Households
Total Extremely
Low-Income as
Percentage of
Total Households Number Percent Number Percent
Fresno County 8,220 20.0% 32,975 80.0% 41,195 13.3%
Clovis 775 29.2% 1,880 70.8% 2,655 7.0%
Coalinga 100 16.5% 505 83.5% 605 13.3%
Firebaugh 35 12.3% 250 87.7% 285 14.0%
Fowler 50 25.0% 150 75.0% 200 9.8%
Fresno 4,030 15.3% 22,270 84.7% 26,300 15.5%
Huron 50 8.6% 530 91.4% 580 30.9%
Kerman 55 14.3% 330 85.7% 385 9.7%
Kingsburg 170 39.1% 265 60.9% 435 11.6%
Mendota 100 15.4% 550 84.6% 650 22.9%
Orange Cove 95 13.5% 610 86.5% 705 26.3%
Parlier 295 28.6% 735 71.4% 1,030 26.6%
Reedley 310 37.3% 520 62.7% 830 11.8%
Sanger 165 18.2% 740 81.8% 905 12.2%
San Joaquin 25 7.8% 295 92.2% 320 34.8%
Selma 235 34.3% 450 65.7% 685 9.5%
Unincorporated
County 1,730 37.4% 2,895 62.6% 4,625 8.9%
Source: FCOG Data Packet, 2022 -- CHAS (2014-2018)Extremely low-income households face a higher incidence of housing problems. This population is at the highest risk of displacement, overpayment, and overcrowding and typically face the most barriers in accessing decent, safe, and affordable housing. There are four housing problems reviewed to determine at-risk extremely low-income populations: incomplete kitchen facilities, incomplete plumbing facilities, more than one person per room, and cost burden greater than 30 percent. As indicated by Tables 2-47 through 2-52, the jurisdictions in the county with the highest number of extremely low-income households overpaying are Reedley (90.4 percent), Orange Cove (89.4 percent), Parlier (84.0 percent), Fresno (82.9 percent), and Sanger 740 (81.8 percent). The cities of Sanger, Parlier, Reedley, and Orange Cove are also all in close proximity of each other and are cities with the highest number of extremely low-income households overpaying for housing. Each jurisdiction’s programs identify actions to assist with housing for extremely low-income households. 101
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-71 Table 2-47 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment - Fresno County, Clovis, and Coalinga (2018)
Total Households Characteristics
Fresno County Clovis Coalinga
Number % of
Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
Total All Households 304,625 100.0% 36,420 100.0% 4,145 100.0% Total Renter households 143,680 47.2% 14,150 38.9% 1,920 46.3% Total Owner households 160,945 52.8% 22,270 61.1% 2,225 53.7% Total lower income (0-80% AMI) households 129,700 42.6% 10,025 27.5% 1,565 37.8% Total Extremely Low-Income Households (0-30%AMI) 41,195 13.5% 2,655 7.3% 605 14.6% Extremely low-income renters 32,975 80.0% 1,880 70.8% 505 83.5% Extremely low-income owners 8,220 20.0% 775 29.2% 100 16.5% Total Extremely Low-Income Overpaying 32,890 79.8% 2,120 79.8% 395 65.3% Extremely Low-Income Renter Overpaying 26,720 81.2% 1,525 71.9% 335 84.8% Extremely Low-Income Owner Overpaying 6,170 18.8% 595 28.1% 60 15.2% Total Extremely Low-Income Severely Overpaying 28,190 68.4% 1,935 72.9% 325 53.7% Extremely Low-Income Renter Severely Overpaying 23,160 82.2% 1,415 73.1% 280 86.2% Extremely Low-Income Owner Severely Overpaying 5,030 17.8% 520 26.9% 45 13.8% Source: HUD CHAS Data 2014-2018
Table 2-48 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Firebaugh, Fowler, and Fresno (2018)
Total Households Characteristics
Firebaugh Fowler Fresno
Number % of
Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
Total All Households 2,170 100.0% 1,925 100.0% 166,755 100% Total Renter households 1,185 54.6% 905 47.0% 89,430 53.6% Total Owner households 990 45.6% 1,020 53.0% 77,325 46.4% Total lower income (0-80% AMI) households 1,240 57.1% 785 40.8% 75,485 45.3% Total Extremely Low-Income Households (0-30%AMI) 285 13.1% 200 10.4% 26,300 15.8% Extremely low-income renters 250 87.7% 150 75.0% 22,270 84.7% Extremely low-income owners 35 12.3% 50 25.0% 4,030 15.3% Total Extremely Low-Income Overpaying 190 66.7% 138 69.0% 21,790 82.9% Extremely Low-Income Renter Overpaying 155 81.6% 99 71.7% 18,630 85.5% Extremely Low-Income Owner Overpaying 35 18.4% 39 28.3% 3,160 14.5% Total Extremely Low-Income Severely Overpaying 190 66.7% 130 65.0% 18,830 71.6% Extremely Low-Income Renter Severely Overpaying 155 81.6% 95 73.1% 16,235 86.2% Extremely Low-Income Owner Severely Overpaying 35 18.4% 35 26.9% 2,595 13.8%

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2-72 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Table 2-49 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Firebaugh, Fowler, and Fresno (2018)
Total Households Characteristics
Huron Kerman Kingsburg
Number % of
Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
Total All Households 1,770 100.0% 3,855 100.0% 3,960 100% Total Renter households 1,260 71.2% 1,805 46.8% 1,305 33.0% Total Owner households 510 40.5% 2,050 53.2% 2,655 67.0% Total lower income (0-80% AMI) households 1,380 78.0% 1,805 46.8% 1,300 32.8% Total Extremely Low-Income Households (0-
30%AMI) 580 32.8% 385 10.0% 435 11.0%
Extremely low-income renters 530 91.4% 330 85.7% 265 60.9% Extremely low-income owners 50 8.6% 55 14.3% 170 39.1%
Total Extremely Low-Income Overpaying 430 74.1% 220 57.1% 320 73.6% Extremely Low-Income Renter Overpaying 400 93.0% 190 86.4% 165 51.6% Extremely Low-Income Owner Overpaying 30 7.0% 30 13.6% 155 48.4% Total Extremely Low-Income Severely
Overpaying 300 51.7% 220 57.1% 290 66.7%
Extremely Low-Income Renter Severely
Overpaying
270 90.0% 190 86.4% 135 46.6%
Extremely Low-Income Owner Severely
Overpaying
30 10.0% 30 13.6% 155 53.4%
Source: HUD CHAS Data 2014-2018
Table 2-50 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Mendota, Orange Cove, and Parlier (2018)
Total Households Characteristics
Mendota Orange Cove Parlier
Number % of
Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
Total All Households 2,740 100.0% 2,385 100.0% 3,965 100.0% Total Renter households 1,775 64.8% 1,415 59.3% 2,265 57.1% Total Owner households 965 35.2% 970 40.7% 1,700 42.9%
Total lower income (0-80% AMI) households 2,025 73.9% 1,925 80.7% 2,690 67.8% Total Extremely Low-Income Households (0-
30%AMI) 650 23.7% 705 29.6% 1,030 26.0%
Extremely low-income renters 550 84.6% 610 86.5% 735 71.4% Extremely low-income owners 100 15.4% 95 13.5% 295 28.6% Total Extremely Low-Income Overpaying 455 70.0% 630 89.4% 865 84.0% Extremely Low-Income Renter Overpaying 390 85.7% 540 85.7% 615 71.1% Extremely Low-Income Owner Overpaying 65 14.3% 90 14.3% 250 28.9% Total Extremely Low-Income Severely Overpaying 375 57.7% 505 71.6% 700 68.0% Extremely Low-Income Renter Severely Overpaying 335 89.3% 485 96.0% 460 65.7% Extremely Low-Income Owner Severely Overpaying 40 10.7% 20 4.0% 240 34.3% Source: HUD CHAS Data 2014-2018
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-73 Table 2-51 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment - Reedley, Sanger, and San Joaquin (2018)
Total Households Characteristics
Reedley Sanger San Joaquin
Number % of
Total Number % of Total Number % of Total
Total All Households 7,200 100.0% 7,085 100.0% 1,065 100.0% Total Renter households 2,680 37.2% 3,155 44.5% 675 63.4% Total Owner households 4,520 62.8% 3,930 55.5% 390 36.6% Total lower income (0-80% AMI) households 3,395 47.2% 3,200 45.2% 720 67.6% Total Extremely Low-Income Households
(0-30%AMI) 830 11.5% 905 12.8% 320 30.0%
Extremely low-income renters 520 62.7% 740 81.8% 295 92.2% Extremely low-income owners 310 37.3% 165 18.2% 25 7.8% Total Extremely Low-Income Overpaying 750 90.4% 740 81.8% 180 56.3% Extremely Low-Income Renter Overpaying 490 65.3% 605 81.8% 155 86.1% Extremely Low-Income Owner Overpaying 260 34.7% 135 18.2% 25 13.9% Total Extremely Low-Income Severely
Overpaying 630 75.9% 565 62.4% 145 45.3%
Extremely Low-Income Renter Severely
Overpaying
415 65.9% 445 78.8% 120 82.8%
Extremely Low-Income Owner Severely
Overpaying
215 34.1% 120 21.2% 25 17.2%
Source: HUD CHAS Data 2014-2018
Table 2-52 Extremely Low-Income Households by Tenure and Overpayment – Selma and Unincorporated Fresno County (2018)
Total Households Characteristics
Selma Unincorporated Fresno County
Number % of Total Number % of Total
Total All Households 6,755 100.0% 52,430 100.0%
Total Renter households 2,775 41.1% 16,980 32.4%
Total Owner households 3,980 58.9% 35,445 67.6%
Total lower income (0-80% AMI) households 3,445 51.0% 18,715 35.7% Total l Extremely Low-Income Households (0-
30%AMI) 685 10.1% 5,330 10.2%
Extremely low-income renters 450 65.7% 2,895 54.3%
Extremely low-income owners 235 34.3% 1,730 32.5%
Total Extremely Low-Income Overpaying 545 79.6% 3,122 58.6% Extremely Low-Income Renter Overpaying 375 68.8% 2,051 38.5% Extremely Low-Income Owner Overpaying 170 31.2% 1,071 52.2% Total Extremely Low-Income Severely Overpaying 420 61.3% 2,630 84.2% Extremely Low-Income Renter Severely Overpaying 315 75.0% 1,810 68.8% Extremely Low-Income Owner Severely Overpaying 105 25.0% 820 31.2% Source: HUD CHAS Data 2014-2018
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2-74 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023

INVENTORY OF AFFORDABLE RENTAL HOUSING AND AT-RISK
STATUS
The expiration of housing subsidies may be the greatest near-term threat to California’s affordable housing stock for low-income families and individuals. Rental housing financed 30 years ago with federal low-interest mortgages are now, or soon will be, eligible for termination of their subsidy programs. Owners may then choose to convert the apartments to market-rate housing. Also, HUD Section 8 rent supplements to specific rental developments may expire in the near future. In addition, state and local subsidies or use restrictions are usually of a limited duration.

State law requires that housing elements include an inventory of all publicly assisted multifamily rental housing projects within the local jurisdiction that are at risk of conversion to uses other than low-income residential within 10 years from the Housing Element adoption deadline (i.e., by December 31, 2033).

Appendix 1 includes an analysis of the at-risk units by jurisdiction.

Preservation Options for At-Risk Properties
State law requires that housing elements include a comparison of the costs to replace the at-risk units through new construction or to preserve the at-risk units. Preserving at-risk units can be accomplished by facilitating a transfer of ownership to a qualified affordable housing organization, purchasing the affordability covenants, and/or providing rental assistance to tenants.

Acquisition and Rehabilitation
One method of ensuring long-term affordability of low-income units is to transfer ownership to a qualified nonprofit or for-profit affordable housing organization. This transfer would make the project eligible for re-financing using affordable housing financing programs, such as low-income housing tax credits and tax-exempt mortgage revenue bonds. These financing programs would ensure affordability for at least 55 years. Generally, rehabilitation accompanies a transfer of ownership.

Actual acquisition costs depend on several variables such as condition, size, location, existing financing, and availability of financing (government and market).

Replacement (New Construction)
Another strategy is to replace the units by constructing new affordable units. This includes purchasing land and then constructing affordable units. This is generally the most expensive option.

Rent Subsidy
Rent subsidies can also be used to preserve affordability of housing, although there are limited funding sources to subsidize rents. The amount of a rent subsidy would be equal to the difference between the HUD-defined fairmarket rent (FMR) for a unit and the cost that would be affordable to a lower-income household based on HUD 105
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 2-75 income limits. The exact amount is difficult to estimate because the rents are based on a tenant’s income and, therefore, would depend on the size and income level of the household.

Qualified Entities
California Government Code Section 65863.10 requires that owners of federally assisted properties provide notice of intent to convert their properties to market rate at one year prior to, and again at six months prior to the expiration of their contract, opt-outs, or prepayment. Owners must provide notices of intent to public agencies, including HCD, the local public housing authority, and to all impacted tenant households. The six-month notice must include specific information on the owner’s plans, timetables, and reasons for termination.

Under Government Code Section 65863.11, owners of federally assisted projects must provide a Notice of Opportunity to Submit an Offer to Purchase to Qualified Entities, non-profit or for-profit organizations that agree to preserve the long-term affordability if they should acquire at-risk projects, at least one year before the sale or expiration of use restrictions. Qualified entities have first right of refusal for acquiring at-risk units. Qualified entities are non-profit or for-profit organizations with the legal and managerial capacity to acquire and manage atrisk properties that agree to maintain the long-term affordability of projects. Table 2-53, Quantified Entities (2022), contains a list of qualified entities for Fresno County that could potentially acquire and manage properties if any were to be at risk of converting to market rate in the future.

Table 2-53 Qualified Entities (2022)
Organization Phone Number
Fresno Housing (559) 513-9036
Fresno Housing Authority (559) 443-8475
ACLC, Inc (209) 466-6811
Better Opportunities Builder, Inc. (559) 443-8400
Fresno Co. Economic Opportunities Commission (559) 485-3733 The East Los Angeles Community Union (TELACU) (323) 838-8556 ROEM Development Corporation (408) 984-5600 Ext 17
Self-Help Enterprises (559) 802-1620
Volunteers of America National Services (916) 917-6848
L + M Fund Management LLC (347)393-3041
Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development, 2022.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Regional Assessment of Fair Housing .......................................... 3-1 Outreach ........................................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Fair Housing Issues .............................................................................................................................................. 3-12 TABLES
Table 3-1 Regional Familial Status Discrimination, 2013-2021 ........................................................................... 3-34 Table 3-2 Regional Demographic Characteristics of the Population with a Disability .......................................... 3-41 Table 3-3 Regional Alltransit Performance Scores .............................................................................................. 3-44 Table 3-4 Fresno County Rural Transit Agency Intercounty Connections ........................................................... 3-44 Table 3-5 Fresno MSA Fair-Market Rents, 2022 ................................................................................................. 3-50 Table 3-6 Regional Vacancy Rates ...................................................................................................................... 3-50

FIGURES
Figure 3-1 Discrimination Experienced in Housing .......................................................................................... 3-7 Figure 3-2 Discrimination Basis ....................................................................................................................... 3-8 Figure 3-3 Most-Liked Feature of current Neighborhood ................................................................................. 3-9 Figure 3-4 Least-Liked Feature of current Neighborhood .............................................................................. 3-10 Figure 3-5 Barriers Preventing Homeownership ............................................................................................ 3-11 Figure 3-6 Regional TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas ...................................................................................... 3-14 Figure 3-7 Income Patterns in the Region ..................................................................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-8 Regional Median Incomes ............................................................................................................ 3-17 Figure 3-9 Income Groups Within Fresno County Jurisdictions .................................................................... 3-19 Figure 3-10 Regional Poverty Rates ................................................................................................................ 3-20 Figure 3-11 Segregation and Integration, Regional Divergence, 2020 ............................................................ 3-23 Figure 3-12 Racial and Ethnic Divergence, Fresno County Region ................................................................ 3-25 Figure 3-13 Regional Demographic Composition, 2020 .................................................................................. 3-26 Figure 3-14 Regional Racial Demographics .................................................................................................... 3-27 Figure 3-15 Regional Areas of High Segregation and Poverty, 2023 .............................................................. 3-30 Figure 3-16 Regional RCAAS .......................................................................................................................... 3-31 Figure 3-17 Diversity Index Within Fresno County .......................................................................................... 3-32 Figure 3-18 Fresno County Jurisdiction Racial Demographics ........................................................................ 3-33 Figure 3-19 Percentage of Children in Married-Couple Households in the Region ......................................... 3-36 Figure 3-20 Percentage of Children in Female-Headed Households in the Region ........................................ 3-37 Figure 3-21 Population with a disability in the Region ..................................................................................... 3-39 Figure 3-22 Regional Disability by Type .......................................................................................................... 3-40 Figure 3-23 AllTransit Transit Access in the Region ........................................................................................ 3-43 Figure 3-24 Fresno County Rural Transit Agency Intercounty Routes ............................................................ 3-46 Figure 3-25 Percentage of Renters using Housing Choice Vouchers ............................................................. 3-51 Figure 3-26 Regional Jobs Proximity ............................................................................................................... 3-53 Figure 3-27 Regional Labor Market Engagement ............................................................................................ 3-54 Figure 3-28 Regional Unemployment Rates, 2010-2022 ................................................................................. 3-55 Figure 3-29 Regional TCAC/HCD Educational Domain Scores ...................................................................... 3-58 Figure 3-30 HUD School Proficiency Index...................................................................................................... 3-60 Figure 3-31 Regional CalEnviroScreen Percentiles ......................................................................................... 3-63 3 108
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3-ii FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Figure 3-32 HealtHy Places Index Percentile .................................................................................................. 3-64 Figure 3-33 Overcrowded Households in the Region ...................................................................................... 3-67 Figure 3-34 Regional Overcrowded Households by Tenure ............................................................................ 3-68 Figure 3-35 Overpayment Rates in the Region ............................................................................................... 3-69 Figure 3-36 Age of Housing Stock in the Region ............................................................................................. 3-70 Figure 3-37 Regional Farm Operations and Agricultural Employees .............................................................. 3-73 Figure 3-38 Sensitive Communities, 2020 ....................................................................................................... 3-76

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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-1

REGIONAL ASSESSMENT

OF FAIR HOUSING
Assembly Bill (AB) 686 requires that all housing elements due on or after January 1, 2021, contain an Assessment of Fair Housing (AFH) consistent with the core elements of the analysis required by the federal Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) Final Rule of July 16, 2015. Under California law, AFFH means “taking meaningful actions, in addition to combating discrimination, that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.”1 California Government Code Section 65583 (10)(A)(ii) requires local jurisdictions to analyze racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, and disproportionate housing needs, including displacement risk. Government Code Section 65583(c)(10) requires all local jurisdictions to address patterns locally and regionally to compare conditions at the local level to the rest of the region. To that end, a Multijurisdictional Housing Element was completed for the cities of Coalinga, Firebaugh, Fowler, Fresno, Huron, Kerman, Kingsburg, Mendota, Orange Cove, Parlier, Reedley, San Joaquin, Sanger, Selma, and the County of Fresno, including a regional AFH, and each participating jurisdiction prepared a local AFH.

This section is organized by fair housing topics and is analyzed on a regional level. A local analysis, prioritization of issues, and identification of meaningful actions is included in each jurisdictions’ Local Assessment of Fair Housing.

OUTREACH
As discussed in Section 1-3, Public Outreach and Engagement, the Fresno Council of Governments (COG) made diligent efforts at the regional and local scales to encourage public and service-provider participation, particularly service providers for vulnerable populations, during the Housing Element update process. These efforts included two Housing Element community workshops on August 1 and 8, 2022; a Stakeholder Focus Group workshop on October 25, 2022; and seven regional service provider consultations between August 2022 and November 2022.

Workshops were noticed in the jurisdiction where they were held with digital distribution of English and Spanish flyers through listservs and social media posts, and physical distribution in public buildings. A full summary of each workshop is provided in the local Assessment of Fair Housing. Stakeholder focus group meetings were noticed to service providers and local agencies identified by governmental staff throughout the county and to any other organizations that expressed interest.
1 California Department of Housing and Community Development, Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing: Guidance for All Public Entities and for Housing Elements (April 2021 Update), April 27, 2021, preface page, https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/affh/docs/affh_document_final_4-27-2021.pdf. 3 110
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3-2 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Consultations
From August 2022 through November 2022, seven consultations were conducted with local nonprofits and service providers for vulnerable populations and fair housing advocates to receive one-on-one, targeted input from those who provide services for those most in need of housing or with special housing needs. In each of the consultations, service providers and fair housing advocates were asked some or all the following questions, depending on the type of organization they represented.

Opportunities and concerns: What three top opportunities do you see for the future of housing in Fresno County? What are your three top concerns for the future of housing? Housing preferences: What types of housing do your clients prefer? Is there adequate rental housing in the county? Are there opportunities for home ownership? Are there accessible rental units for seniors and persons with disabilities?
Housing barriers/needs: What are the biggest barriers to finding affordable, decent housing? Are there specific unmet housing needs in the community?
Housing conditions: How do you feel about the physical condition of housing in the county? What opportunities do you see to improve housing in the future?
Unhoused persons: How many unhoused persons are in the county? Housing equity and fair housing: What factors limit or deny civil rights, fair housing choice, or equitable access to opportunity? What actions can be taken to transform racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty into areas of opportunity (without displacement)? What actions can be taken to make living patterns more integrated and balanced?
As part of the regional effort, the following organizations provided responses:
 Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability, August 26, 2022  Central Valley Urban Institute, September 7, 2022
 Fair Housing of Central California, September 27, 2022  Fresno Madera Continuum of Care, October 3, 2022
 Patience Milrod, Civil Rights Attorney, October 31, 2022  Resources for Independence Central Valley, November 1, 2022  Building Industry Association, November 11, 2022
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-3 The one-on-one interviews with service providers and fair housing advocates raised observations and concerns related to housing issues facing the residents of Fresno County, with several common themes emerging. First was the demand for a range of affordable and accessible housing types for the large concentration of special needs populations in the county, including seniors, farmworkers, low-income households, and disabled persons. The need for additional affordable rental housing and higher densities was identified by most interviewees. Additionally, service providers noted a shortage of housing resources for those who are experiencing homelessness and lack of re-integration services given the growing demand, specifically a need for housing-first projects across the county.

This was noted in addition to growing populations of lower-income households at risk of displacement and unsheltered homeless residents. Therefore, identifying locations for alternative housing in the jurisdictions is a priority.

Stakeholders also identified a need for stronger strategies for the preservation and maintenance of the existing affordable housing stock, particularly mobile homes, which are a more naturally affordable housing resource. They expressed how income constraints often result in people living in substandard or overcrowded housing conditions, most often in rental situations, which often results in displacement and homelessness. Service providers and fair housing advocates also identified that there are substantial racial disparities in housing condition among communities of color, recommending that jurisdictions implement proactive code enforcement to hold landlords accountable, or pass ordinances that protect tenants from substandard living conditions. The shortfall of funding programs for mobile home renovation was reiterated in several of the interviews. During the consultations, service providers and fair housing advocates expressed a need for proactive tenant protections, such as rent control, justcause protections, and other housing protection laws to keep more individuals housed, because eviction is the most common fair housing complaint encountered by service providers and fair housing advocates. In situations such as this, tenants require access to additional legal assistance to prevent displacement due to harassment or wrongful eviction, and landlords require education on the legality of their actions.

Multiple stakeholders also identified a trend of mobile homes being acquired by corporations, resulting in tenant evictions or substantial rent hikes. In response to this situation, stakeholders suggested that implementation or funding of programs to assist tenants to purchase their mobile homes, co-op purchase assistance, and long-term affordability covenants or rent control requirements in mobile home park buy-outs are essential to maintaining this affordable housing resource throughout the county. Additionally, they expressed that limited land zoned to accommodate mobile home parks in higher resource areas is an ongoing challenge to the provision of affordable housing in unincorporated areas, where higher density multifamily is not appropriate.

During consultations, service providers and fair housing advocates identified a need for landlord education and enforcement regarding fair housing laws and rental discrimination practices, in combination with jurisdictions contracting with fair housing providers for a comprehensive system to identify affordable housing resources and tenant protection, particularly for seniors, disabled persons, gender equality, familial status, and communities of color. Stakeholders identified a need for workshops on fair housing laws for residents and housing providers. The goal of these would be to inform housing providers of their rights and responsibilities under fair housing laws and provide education on discrimination, aiming to reduce the number of instances that result in fair housing complaints throughout the county. A tenant workshop counterpart was suggested to inform residents of their tenant rights. 112
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3-4 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Barriers identified to development of affordable housing included land costs, the length of entitlement processes, California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requirements, development fees, and other permitting processes, compounded by severe infrastructure constraints, particularly sewer and septic systems and the valleywide water shortage. All housing providers interviewed expressed that new low-income housing is not cost effective for developers, and that properties owned by jurisdictions are a valuable resource for providing lower-income housing, including homeownership opportunities through organizations, such as Habitat for Humanity, that assist communities of color to attain homeownership, a group that has historically been underserved in the homeowner market. Another strategy identified to reduce costs of affordable development included adaptive reuse of existing underutilized buildings or property and maximizing infill opportunities where infrastructure is already in place, instead of focusing investment at the fringes of communities as is the current trend. The aim of this is to remedy historical disinvestment in older, lower-income neighborhoods and downtown cores. Interviewees identified that socioeconomic segregation does exist in Fresno County, and the majority of affordable housing continues to be located in low resource areas. In response, stakeholders noted that the primary strategy to reduce racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty has been implementation of inclusionary zoning, which is a controversial tool in many communities and has not been consistently effective at promoting affordable housing production in higher resource areas. Incentivizing and subsidizing the construction of ADUs on existing residential properties was recommended to help address the barriers associated with cost of land and shortage of available acreage for development of units for lower-income, farmworker, and senior households as well as persons with disabilities.

Additionally, stakeholders recommended that jurisdictions explore the potential to assist rental property owners in working with nonprofits or the Fresno Housing Authority to acquire properties about to go into receivership and convert them to affordable housing. One housing provider also discussed Community Land Trusts as an underutilized opportunity to create permanent affordability as well as the availability of CalHome funding for implementing this option.

A final recurring theme around barriers to affordable housing that service providers and fair housing advocates identified was the current and historical challenges lower-income households face in obtaining financial assistance, such as lending discrimination, rental application and minimum income requirements, credit history, and security deposits. Additionally, it was also noted overall that there is a disconnect between the number of applicants for Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs) and the availability of units that accept them, in addition to an insufficient supply of HCVs and the long waiting lists throughout the county. Education and outreach efforts of current fair housing practices to landlords and sellers were recommended.

Feedback received during the regional consultations was shaped by individual discussions and the experiences of each service provider, fair housing advocate, or community organization. Therefore, some questions did not receive direct responses, but instead focused on feedback they deemed relevant to their target population or experiences.

The summary presented here reports feedback that was received and incorporated to inform the regional and local analyses as well as programs at the local level.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-5 Stakeholder Focus Group Workshops
Two Stakeholder Focus Group workshops were held to foster participation from Fresno County jurisdictions, local organizations, and service providers for vulnerable populations. The first was held via Zoom on October 25, 2022, at 9:30 am, so participants could connect or call in from wherever they were located. The objectives of the meeting were to provide an overview of the Housing Element Update process; share initial findings about housing needs that inform each jurisdiction’s housing plan; and gather initial community input on housing assets, issues, and opportunities as well as allow participants to share their insights on how housing opportunities can be improved locally and on a regional level. Many of the participants had been or were scheduled for individual interviews. There were eight participants in the first workshop as well as staff from each jurisdiction to engage and answer questions.

Workshop discussion focused on mobile home park issues and their place in Fresno County as an affordable housing resource that is facing corporate acquisition; farmworker and undocumented worker housing and the invisibility of this extremely underserved population; preventative displacement actions; and barriers to affordable housing in unincorporated areas, in particular the lot-consolidation policy. Overall, the primary fair housing concerns were the costs associated with development of housing, particularly affordable units; shortages of affordable housing and HCV)availability; limited opportunities for employment that offers livable wages and the prevalence of this in many of the agricultural- and manufacturing-based communities; housing challenges facing lower-income renters and first-time homebuyers; and providing housing opportunities for underserved populations, particularly farmworkers.

A second Stakeholder Focus Group workshop was held on Tuesday, November 15, at 9:30 am, again through Zoom.

The objectives of the Stakeholder Focus Group meeting were the same as the first workshop. Twelve participants attended, and many of the participants had been or were scheduled for individual interviews.

The workshop began with a discussion regarding the challenges that lower-income individuals just over the area median income limit for certain programs and housing are facing in finding affordable rentals and in purchasing housing without down-payment or other forms of assistance. On the topic of affordable ownership options, one participant provided insight into sweat equity program models, how there are limitations for larger-sized households, and that time commitments often conflict with employment schedules. Another participant noted that there may be programs to assist potential homeowners acquire a home, yet they may not have the funds to maintain the property, particularly in cases where the home is older. Participants talked about the challenges lower-income households face in general to meet the requirements to qualify for rental housing. The issue of affordable housing often being in areas with limited access to services and amenities was cited by several stakeholders. One stakeholder identified an affordable housing project being developed in an environmentally unsound location in a low resource area, which is not furthering the fair housing objective of providing access to resource opportunities. Another stakeholder suggested that data on homelessness in the county may be undercounted, because homeless persons within the Asian and Pacific Islander communities tend to “couch surf” because the services and the food at shelters are not culturally compatible. Such implications of cultural differences in providing services for the homeless are typically not addressed in the larger picture of the homeless issue. 114
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3-6 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Discussion on barriers to provision of affordable housing included cost of land; tax credits and other state funding programs that trigger prevailing wage requirements and significantly increase the cost of production; inflation increasing price and availability of materials; city/county fees; infrastructure costs; special district fees; rising interest rates; CEQA requirements; and overregulation by the state, all of which are passed on to the end user. The issue of water shortage and ability to meet RHNA allocations were also identified as constraints that are particularly limiting in many of the jurisdictions in Fresno County. Several of the stakeholders indicated that they would be able to provide updated information on real estate prices and experience working with undocumented (non-citizen or non-permanent resident status) home buyers to help them access alternative financing.

The feedback received during these meetings informed the fair housing analysis and programs identified in this Housing Element.

FCOG Transportation Needs Survey
An FCOG survey was conducted between September and October 2022 to identify transportation project suggestions based on the experiences of residents throughout the county. While the survey asked a range of questions related to transportation, it also resulted in information about mobility options, residents’ housing and discrimination experiences, barriers to homeownership, and housing type preferences that inform fair housing needs in the county.

There were a total of 3,753 respondents, of whom approximately 45.5 percent were homeowners and 47.0 percent were renters. The remaining 7.5 percent declined to respond or lived in situations where there was no rent or mortgage. Although approximately one-half of respondents were renters, the majority of respondents (68.7 percent) resided in a single-family detached or attached unit. Respondents were, for the most part, lower to moderate income based on HUD’s area median income of $72,900.

Approximately 89.0 percent of survey respondents reported that they had not experienced any type of housing discrimination. However, of those that had experienced discrimination, the most prominent issue reported was requests for repairs being delayed or ignored (47.5 percent), followed by paying higher rents (25.2 percent) or higher security deposits (22.8 percent) (see Figure 3-1, Discrimination Experienced in Housing). In addition to these challenges, approximately 72 respondents, or 47.6 percent of those that had experienced housing discrimination, reported a range of other issues, such as real estate agents pushing homes in less desirable areas or hostile living environments. Of those that had experienced discrimination, approximately 41.7 percent, by far the largest proportion, alleged that the discrimination was on the basis of race, followed by source of income (29.4 percent) and family status (23.5 percent) (see Figure 3-2, Discrimination Basis). While these reports have not been investigated, they indicate a perceived barrier to housing, particularly for lower-income and non-White households. 115
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-7 FIGURE 3-1 DISCRIMINATION EXPERIENCED IN HOUSING
Source: FCOG Travel Survey, October 2022.

47.6%

17.0%

22.8%

25.2%

49.5%

9.0%

7.3%

5.3%

6.6%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%
Other
Not shown apartment
Asked to pay higher security deposit
Asked to pay higher rent
Repairs delayed or not made
Provided different housing services or facilities
Charged deposit for service/support animal
Denied mortgage or charged a higher interest rate due to property location and/or my protected class
Disability-related income was not considered in my mortgage application Percentages of Respondents That Reported Discrimination Discrimination Type
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3-8 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 FIGURE 3-2 DISCRIMINATION BASIS
Source: FCOG Travel Survey, October 2022

19.7%

41.7%

17.2%

7.3%

4.9%

6.3%

6.6%

23.5%

7.5%

29.4%

2.9%

8.0%

18.0%

9.2%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% Other
Race
Color
National Origin
Ancestry
Citizenship
Marital Status
Family Status
Sexual Orientation
Source of Income
Religion
Gender
Age
Disability or Medical Conditions
Percentage of Respondents Who Have Experienced Discrimination Protected Class
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-9 When asked what participants found most appealing in their current neighborhood, proximity to educational facilities, shopping, or employment ranked the highest at 41.8 percent, followed by atmosphere and physical features, as shown in Figure 3-3, Most-Liked Feature of Current Neighborhood. Less than 5 percent of respondents identified proximity to public transportation as their preferred aspect about their neighborhood, which may reflect a lack of mobility opportunities or a low desire for alternatives to automobile transportation.

FIGURE 3-3 MOST-LIKED FEATURE OF CURRENT NEIGHBORHOOD
Source: FCOG Travel Survey, October 2022.

Approximately 25.0 percent of respondents identified their favorite aspect of their current neighborhood was the residents; conversely, 18.1 percent of respondents said that their neighbors were their least-liked aspect of their current neighborhood, followed by crime, lack of privacy, or security (14.8 percent), as shown in Figure 3-4, LeastLiked Feature of Current Neighborhood. The high cost of housing was identified by 11.2 percent of respondents as a least-liked feature, followed by lack of access to public transportation, shopping, schools, or employment for a combined 10.0 percent of responses. Overcrowding was reported as an issue by only 1.4 percent of respondents, suggesting that dwellings were available to fit their household needs within their ability to pay.

41.8%

16.1%

13.5%

10.1%

4.0%

14.5%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% Conveniently Located
Scenery, Environment, Atmosphere
Good Mix of People
Family Oriented/Child-Friendly
Public Transportation Availability
Nothing/Not applicable
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3-10 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 FIGURE 3-4 LEAST-LIKED FEATURE OF CURRENT NEIGHBORHOOD
Source: FCOG Travel Survey, October 2022.

Participants were also asked if they had encountered barriers preventing home ownership, shown in Figure 4-5, Barriers Preventing Ownership. Of the respondents who wished to own a home, the most common barriers to home ownership were related to financial challenges, including lack of financial resources for assuming a monthly mortgage payment, and finding a home that suited the household’s needs (i.e., lack of disability accommodations, proximity to work), followed closely by lack of down payment resources and finding a home within one’s budget.

Overall, 45.6 percent of responses to this question centered around financial challenges in the current market, suggesting a need for additional housing at affordable price points and more information regarding available subsidies and financial assistance programs.

27.8%

18.1%

14.8%

11.2%

7.9%

5.8%

5.1%

4.2%

3.8%

1.4%

0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0%
Nothing/Not applicable
Neighbors
Crime, Lack of Privacy, Security
High Cost of Housing
Environment Issues and Pollution
Not Conveniently Located
Scenery and Atmosphere
Proximity to School or Work
Lack of Adequate Bike/Pedestrian Facilities
Overcrowding
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-11 FIGURE 3-5 BARRIERS PREVENTING HOMEOWNERSHIP
Source: FCOG Travel Survey, October 2022.

Responses to the survey indicated a need for greater access to fair housing legal services, education for landlords on fair housing laws, and place-based revitalization efforts such as improved bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, transit access, and safe and affordable housing. A full analysis of all responses to the FCOG Transportation Needs Survey are in Section 1 of the Housing Element.

17.1% 16.1%

13.3%

9.4%

6.8%

2.5%

46.7%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%
Do not wish to
own a home in
my community
Do not currently
have the
financial
resources for
mortgage
payments
Cannot find a
home that suits
my needs
Do not currently
have the
financial
resources for a
down payment
Cannot find a
home within my
target price
range
Cannot currently
find a home that
suits my quality
standards
No Response
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3-12 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Public Comments
To date, one letter has been received from the public on the Fresno County Multijurisdictional Housing Element.

On September 29, 2022, the Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability (LCJA) shared a letter recommending holding interactive housing element workshops in at least three disadvantaged unincorporated communities (DUC) and lower-income communities, emphasizing that people in these areas are more likely to attend in their own communities due to transportation challenges. LCJA also identified a need for targeted outreach to members of special needs populations and protected classes, including but not limited to farmworkers, seniors, members of large families and single-headed households, and people of color and non-English speakers, and recommended multilingual noticing through a variety of mechanisms, including print media, radio, and television.

The LCJA also recommended that jurisdictions ensure that strong public engagement efforts are maintained following jurisdictions’ adoption of the element and that jurisdictions consider expansion of local funding opportunities for farmworker housing in unincorporated county; local rent stabilization ordinances; tenant protections to reduce displacement risks, including just-cause eviction and right to counsel guarantees; permanent emergency rental assistance program for those at risk of homelessness; investments in mobile home parks; inclusionary housing ordinance; acquisition and rehabilitation funding; and other programs that might be considered by individual jurisdictions.

As with feedback received through the consultation process, input through public comments was received to inform policies and actions to address fair housing concerns and housing needs generally. Public comment will continue to be solicited, considered, and incorporated throughout the update process.

FAIR HOUSING ISSUES
Since 2017, the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) and Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) have developed annual maps of access to resources such as high-paying job opportunities; proficient schools; safe and clean neighborhoods; and other healthy economic, social, and environmental indicators to provide evidence-based research for policy recommendations. This effort has been dubbed “opportunity mapping” and is available to all jurisdictions to assess access to opportunities within their community.

The TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps can help to identify areas within the community that provide strong access to opportunity for residents or, conversely, provide low access to opportunity. The information from the opportunity mapping can help to highlight the need for housing element policies and programs that would help to remediate conditions in low-resource areas and areas of high segregation and poverty and to encourage better access for lowerincome households and communities of color to housing in high-resource areas. TCAC/HCD categorized census tracts into high-, moderate-, or low-resource areas based on a composite score of economic, educational, and environmental factors that can perpetuate poverty and segregation, such as school proficiency, median income, and median housing prices. The TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps use a regional index score to determine categorization as high, moderate, and low resource.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-13 Areas designated as “highest resource” are the top 20-percent highest-scoring census tracts in the region. It is expected that residents in these census tracts have access to the best outcomes in terms of health, economic opportunities, and education attainment. Census tracts designated “high resource” score in the 21st to 40th percentile compared to the region. Residents of these census tracts have access to highly positive outcomes for health, economic, and education attainment. “Moderate resource” areas are in the 41st to 70th percentile and those designated as “moderate resource (rapidly changing)” have experienced rapid increases in key indicators of opportunity, such as increasing median income, home values, and an increase in job opportunities. Residents in these census tracts have access to either somewhat positive outcomes in terms of health, economic attainment, and education; or positive outcomes in a certain area (e.g., score high for health, education) but not all areas (e.g., may score poorly for economic attainment). Low-resource areas are those that score above the 70th percentile and indicate a lack of access to positive outcomes and poor access to opportunities. The final designation are those areas identified as having “high segregation and poverty;” these are census tracts that have an overrepresentation of people of color compared to the county as a whole, and at least 30.0 percent of the population in these areas is below the federal poverty line ($27,759 annually for a family of four in 2021).

As seen in Figure 3-6, Regional TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas, most of Fresno County, particularly in the incorporated cities, is primarily a mix of low-resource or moderate-resource areas and areas of high segregation and poverty, with pockets of high-resource designations. The City of Fresno, as the largest city in the county, has the greatest variation in resource area designations among the incorporated cities of Fresno County. The central portion of the city is designated as low resource and high segregation and poverty, with moderate and high resource designations in the newer suburban communities along the northern and eastern edges of the city, including a pocket of unincorporated county that is surrounded by the incorporated city, designated as highest resource. In contrast, the adjacent City of Clovis is designated high resource with pockets identified as moderate resource. Two cities to the south along State Route 99 (SR 99), Fowler and Kingsburg, are designated as high resource, while Selma is designated an area of high segregation and poverty adjacent to SR 99, with moderate and high resource designations identified in the eastern portion. Additionally, the eastern cities of Sanger and Reedley all contain areas identified as high segregation and poverty in addition to moderate and high resource designations. Both Parlier and Orange Cove east of SR 99 are identified as predominantly areas of high segregation and poverty and low resource, as well as Mendota, Firebaugh, San Joaquin, and Huron in the eastern portion of the county. The City of Kerman, just east of the City of Fresno, and the City of Coalinga at the western edge of the county, are designated moderate and high resource. In the unincorporated county, high and highest resource areas are generally in the northeast and eastern portions of the county, including the unincorporated community of Squaw Valley, although most of the land is included within the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks and is predominantly rural and sparsely inhabited, with pockets of higher resource designations in the unincorporated communities of Caruthers and Riverdale along State Route 41 (SR 41). Lower resource and areas of high segregation and poverty are identified in the western unincorporated areas of the county. Moderate-resource areas elsewhere, concentrated west of Fresno and within the triangle formed by SR 41, the southern boundary of the county, and SR 99. Given that much of unincorporated Fresno County is sparsely populated, with large agricultural and natural open space areas, the low- and moderateresource areas may not accurately represent the access to opportunities for residents of unincorporated communities, where there is typically a concentration of resources.
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3-14 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 FIGURE 3-6 REGIONAL TCAC/HCD OPPORTUNITY AREAS
Source: TCAC/HCD, 2021
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-15 Patterns of Integration and Segregation
Segregation exists when there are concentrations of a population, usually a protected class, in a certain area.

Segregation can result from local policies, to the availability and accessibility of housing that meets the needs of that population, or a community culture or amenity that attracts the population. In the context of fair housing, segregation may indicate an issue where it creates disparities in access to opportunity, is a result of negative experiences such as discrimination or disproportionate housing need, or other concerns. Integration, in contrast, usually indicates a more balanced representation of a variety of population characteristics and is often considered to reflect fair housing opportunities and mobility.

As identified in the previous discussion, a large portion of the City of Fresno; the rural area around the unincorporated community of Raisin City; a rural and agricultural tract north of Huron and one east of the Riverdale unincorporated community; the unincorporated area between, and including tracts within the cities of Sanger, Parlier, Orange Cove, and Mendota; and the unincorporated area north of the City of Mendota to the edge of the City of Firebaugh, are designated as areas of high segregation and poverty.

This analysis assesses four characteristics that may indicate patterns of integration or segregation throughout the region and local Fresno County jurisdictions: income distribution, racial and ethnic characteristics, familial status, and disability rates.

Income Distribution
At the regional level, income distribution can be measured between jurisdictions. Figure 3-7, Income Patterns in the Region, presents the spatial distribution of income groups in Fresno County and surrounding San Joaquin Valley jurisdictions. There are concentrations of higher-income households in the City of Clovis, in the northern and southern portions of the City of Fresno (inclusive of unincorporated county islands, which are unincorporated neighborhoods surrounded by the incorporated municipality, and unattached to other unincorporated areas). On maps, these geopolitical anomalies will form jagged or complex borders and 'holes' in the city limits), in the eastern portion of the county, and in unincorporated areas surrounding the cities of Kingsburg, Selma, and Sanger. In surrounding counties, concentrations of higher-income households are found in the portion of Kings County northeast of the City of Hanford and in Tulare County in northern Visalia, north of the community of Woodlake, east of the City of Tulare, and in the sparsely populated Sequoia National Park area in the eastern portion of Tulare County. The neighboring Merced, San Benito, Monterey, and Madera Counties to the north and west generally reflect moderate and lower median incomes.
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3-16 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 FIGURE 3-7 INCOME PATTERNS IN THE REGION
Source: 2015-2019 ACS
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-17 When comparing income groups between San Joaquin Valley counties, patterns in Fresno County closely mirror many of the San Joaquin Valley counties, supporting the patterns shown in Figure 3-7, Income Groups in the Region. Figure 3-8, Regional Median Incomes, presents the geographic patterns of median income in Fresno County compared to the region.

FIGURE 3-8 REGIONAL MEDIAN INCOMES
Source: 2016 – 2020 ACS
Throughout the region, the highest median income is often found in medium-density urban areas, outside of the central core of the cities in the suburban residential developments, as is the pattern in the incorporated cities of Fresno and Clovis in Fresno County, and Visalia and Tulare in Tulare County, as well as unincorporated areas outside of these cities and in the vicinity of the national forest areas in the eastern portions of these counties. Lowerincome concentrations are found within older city cores in the larger jurisdictions. However, in contrast to areas in the state with higher-density populations and uses, the San Joaquin Valley counties are not heavily populated and are instead heavily agricultural, and unincorporated areas are where more lower-income households are located. As shown in Figure 3-8, Regional Median Incomes, Fresno County reflects income distribution trends found in the region, with between 46.2 percent and 51.0 percent of the households with incomes 100 percent above the County median in Fresno, Inyo, Kings, Madera, and Monterey Counties. Additionally, the proportion of lower-income households hovers around 40.0 percent in these same counties. Lower-income households comprise between 30.0 13.5% 9.7% 11.4% 11.9% 12.8% 9.6% 6.0% 7.8%14.4% 12.8% 11.8% 10.9% 11.0% 12.4% 11.5% 7.8%10.3% 13.8% 16.2% 19.4% 16.7% 16.4%18.3% 17.3% 15.0%16.0% 18.2% 8.7% 10.2% 10.0% 10.6%10.3% 10.6% 17.2% 10.9% 9.0% 48.7% 48.9% 51.0% 50.1% 46.2% 51.0% 54.0% 55.0%44.6%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%
100.0%
Fresno
County
Inyo County Kings County Madera
County
Merced
County
Monterey
County
Mono County San Benito
County
Tulare
County
0%-30% of AMI 31%-50% of AMI 51%-80% of AMI 81%-100% of AMI Greater than 100% of AMI 126
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3-18 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 and 35.0 percent in Mono and San Benito Counties, and higher proportions of lower-income households, between

43.5 and 46.4 percent, are reported in Merced and Tulare Counties, respectively. Conversely, Merced and Tulare Counties had lower proportions of households with incomes above 100 percent of the median, and Mono and San Benito Counties had higher proportions of above median incomes. However, Mono and San Benito Counties are not comparable to the other San Joaquin Valley counties, as Mono County contains a significant portion of Mammoth Mountain recreational area and higher-income retirement residents, and San Benito County more closely reflects adjoining higher-income Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties.

Within Fresno County, the City of Clovis, followed by the City of Kingsburg and unincorporated area, has the largest proportion of moderate- and above moderate-income households earning more than 100.0 percent of the Area Median Income (AMI) at 64.9, 60.2, and 56.3 percent, respectively (Figure 3-9, Income Groups within Fresno County Jurisdictions). Conversely, the cities of Huron, San Joaquin, Orange Cove, and Parlier have the highest percentage of households with extremely low incomes below 30.0 percent of the AMI, at 32.8, 30.0, 29.6, and 26.0 percent respectively. Overall, the City of Orange Cove has the highest percentage of lower-income households, constituting 80.8 percent of the total households, followed by the City of Huron at 78.0 percent of the total households, the City of Mendota at 73.9 percent of total households, and the cities of Parlier and San Joaquin at 67.8 and 67.6 percent. The distribution of income groups within Fresno County may be representative of the availability of affordable housing, the historic development patterns, and the employment opportunities in the San Joaquin Valley.

As shown in Figure 3-9, Income Groups within Fresno County Jurisdictions, over half of the households in the cities of Huron and Orange Cove have incomes falling into the extremely low- and very low-income categories. In the cities of Mendota and San Joaquin, just over 46.0 percent of total median household incomes fall in the extremely low- and very low-income categories, corresponding with high rates of poverty shown in Figure 3-10, Regional Poverty Rates. While all jurisdictions in Fresno County, with the exception of the City of Clovis and the unincorporated county, have areas in which at least 10.0 percent of the population falls below the poverty line, the cities of Kerman, Selma, and Fowler have the lowest representation of population with incomes below 30.0 percent AMI, at 10.0, 10.1, and 10.4 percent, respectively.
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-19 FIGURE 3-9 INCOME GROUPS WITHIN Fresno County Jurisdictions Source: San Joaquin Valley (SJV) Regional Early Action Project (REAP) 2022 15.8% 7.3%14.6% 13.1% 10.4% 32.8% 10.0% 11.0%23.7%29.6%

26.0%

11.5%

12.8%

30.0%

10.1%

8.8%

13.4%

7.2%

9.0%

21.4%

10.9%

23.2%

18.7%

12.5%

22.3%

28.1%

18.5%

13.5%

17.3%

17.4%

11.0%

16.1%

13.0%

14.1%

22.6%

19.5%

22.0%

18.2%

9.3%

27.9%

23.1%

23.3%

22.1%

15.1%

20.2%

23.5%

15.9%

8.9%

7.6%

6.4%

11.5%

8.1%

7.1%

10.8%

6.9%

7.3%

6.3%

8.7%

13.8%

10.2%

9.4%

11.3%

7.9%

45.8%

64.9%

55.9%

31.6%

51.2%

15.0%

42.5%

60.2%

18.8%

13.0%

23.3%

39.2%

44.7%

23.0%

37.7%

56.3%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%
100.0%
0%-30% of AMI 31%-50% of AMI 51%-80% of AMI 81%-100% of AMI Greater than 100% of AMI 128
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3-20 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 FIGURE 3-10 REGIONAL POVERTY RATES
Source: 2015-2019 ACS
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-21 Racial and Ethnic Characteristics
The Othering and Belonging Institute developed the Divergence Index tool that compares the relative proportions of racial groups (or any other groups) at smaller and larger geographies, looking for the degree of “divergence” between the two geographies, such as between a census tract and a county.2 The lowest possible value of the Divergence Index is 0, when the demographics of a smaller geography does not differ, or diverge, from that of the larger geography, suggesting minimal segregation, whereas higher values suggest higher divergence, and hence higher segregation. For example, if the population within an overall jurisdiction of two census tracts is predominantly Hispanic at 91.0 percent, and one census tract is 95.5 percent Hispanic, the Divergence Index in that tract would be low, as the tract does not differ significantly from the larger geographical unit. However, if the other census tract is primarily Hispanic at 74.0 percent and has higher proportions of other racial and ethnic groups, the Divergence Index would be higher, as that tract differs from overall geographical demographic patterns, and the Non-Hispanic residents would be the populations that are considered segregated. The mapping designation in that tract would be Low-Medium Segregation. In this case, a predominantly Hispanic community is not considered “segregated” as the majority of the population is homogeneous – it is the presence of other races/ethnicities within a smaller geographic unit where segregation, which may include White Non-Hispanic, Asian, Other, or any combination of racial/ethnic affiliation, that are actually the “segregated” populations within an area that is overall representative of Hispanic populations. The Divergence Index reveals patterns between racial and ethnic concentrations that may indicate segregation, such as “between-place” (or inter-municipal or regional segregation) and “within-place” (or intra-municipal) segregation. In other words, the Divergence Index measures the degree of segregation between neighborhoods within a city compared to the degree that it exists between cities within a metropolitan region.

While the Divergence Index indicates the separation of groups across space, it cannot, by itself, indicate if a place is truly “integrated.” A place could have a low level of segregation and yet not reflect what we would intuitively describe as “integrated.” This is because some places with little racial segregation may be racially homogeneous, with little underlying diversity that would result in segregation. Some communities and regions may appear to have relatively little racial residential segregation, but that may be a result of low diversity. The determination of high or low-medium segregation designations at the larger county level, for example, is not predicated solely on a predominance of one race or another. The distribution of population within racial/ethnic groups at the overall county level is established as a baseline. The Segregation/Integration designation is then determined on how each of the racial/ethnic populations are distributed proportionally at the jurisdictional level, compared to the percentage of the population in each racial/ethnic group at the baseline county level.

As shown in Figure 3-11, Segregation and Integration, Regional Divergence, 2020, there is a mix of High and Low-Medium Segregation designations among the counties surrounding Fresno County. There are no counties identified as Racially Integrated. Fresno County has been identified as highly segregated, with a baseline distribution of 54.0 percent Hispanic, 24.0 percent White Non-Hispanic, 11.0 percent Asian, and 8.0 percent Other.

Although the representation of the racial and ethnic populations in the City of Fresno closely correspond to the county baseline, eight of the jurisdictions in the county have Hispanic populations over 80.0 percent, thereby 2 Othering and Belonging Institute, 2022, “Technical Appendix” in The Roots of Structural Racism Project, accessed October 5, 2022. https://belonging.berkeley.edu/technical-appendix. 130
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3-22 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 “diverging” from the county baseline and indicating a segregated population of color. In contrast, the City of Clovis has a White population that is almost double that of the overall county, and conversely the proportion of Hispanic residents is 31.0 percent compared to 54.0 percent per the county baseline, again indicating a divergence from the countywide racial and ethnic population distribution. The three remaining jurisdictions have proportional representations of racial and ethnic populations that generally diverge less than approximately 20 percentage points from the baseline and are designated low-medium segregation. However, the High Segregation allocation results from the prevalence of jurisdictions within the county that differ so significantly from the baseline.

Similar patterns of jurisdictions diverging from the county level racial and ethnic baseline occur in Monterey, Madera, Inyo, and Mono Counties, with associated High Segregation designations. Madera and Monterey Counties experience the divergence primarily within the Hispanic and Other populations. In Madera County, the racial and ethnic distribution is 60.0 percent Hispanic, 31.0 percent White Non-Hispanic, and 9.0 percent Other. However, Madera has a distribution that diverges from the baseline with 80.0 percent Hispanic, 13.0 percent White NonHispanic, and 8.0 percent Other, and Chowchilla has a lower proportion of Hispanic residents, a comparable White Non-Hispanic representation, yet a higher proportion of Black and Other residents at 15.0 percent. Monterey County’s High Segregation designation is attributed to the extreme divergence of racial and ethnic representation in the coastal cities from the baseline of 60.0 percent Hispanic, 27.0 percent White Non-Hispanic, and 12.0 percent Other, with White Non-Hispanic populations more than double the county baseline and Asian and Other proportions almost double the county baseline. In contrast, the inland jurisdictions along Interstate (I-) 5 in the rural agricultural portions of the county have high proportions of Hispanic communities between 20 and 33 percentage points from the baseline, with corresponding low White Non-Hispanic and Other populations.

In contrast, in Mono and Inyo Counties, the High Segregation designation is based on the predominance of a countywide White population at 66.0 and 58.0 percent, respectively, and although there is a comparable racial and ethnic composition in the single incorporated jurisdiction in each, the remainder of each of the counties’ census designated places (CDPs) have proportional representations of racial and ethnic groups that are divergent from the county baseline, and therefore have been identified as a High Segregation statistical area. The remaining adjacent Merced, Tulare, and Kings Counties are considered Low-Medium Segregation, with the proportions of Hispanic, White Non-Hispanic, Asian, and Other communities of color more closely correlating with the baseline distributions of racial/ethnic populations. San Benito County is included in the San Jose/Sunnyvale, Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and therefore not comparable in this analysis. 131
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-23 FIGURE 3-11 SEGREGATION AND INTEGRATION, REGIONAL DIVERGENCE, 2020 Source: Othering and Belonging Institute, 2020
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3-24 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 As shown in Figure 3-12, Racial and Ethnic Divergence, Fresno County Region, the detailed Segregation and Integration Index is an alternative measurement of segregation and integration from a more qualitative perspective, although the categories are based on quantitative proportions, classified as high white segregation (more than 51 percent White population); high People of Color (POC) segregation (above 75 percent total Non-White populations); low-medium segregation (between 50 and 74 percent predominant population and 25 to 50 percent White populations); and racially integrated (below 50 percent representation of all racial and ethnic groups). Within Fresno County, there are pockets of high POC segregation correlating to many of the eastern jurisdictions, within and around the cities of Fresno and Clovis, and large areas of high POC segregation in the western portion of the county, correlating to a predominance of Hispanic populations. Conversely, there are no areas of high White segregation west of SR 99 in Fresno County, although the eastern portion of Fresno County, as well as Mono and Inyo Counties, are identified as high White segregation areas, correlating to the predominantly White, non-Hispanic population. In contrast, the high White segregation designation is also found in San Benito and Monterey Counties, which were, at the MSA level, considered highly segregated, yet this designation is due to the physical concentrations of predominantly White, non-Hispanic populations along the coast in Monterey County and more sizeable non-Hispanic White representation in San Benito County.

At the census tract level, many of the jurisdictions in Fresno County designated as High Segregation at the higher level include census tracts (comprising the entire city or a majority of the census tracts in the city) designated as High POC Segregation, including Mendota, Selma, Reedley, Sanger, Parlier, Orange Cove, and Huron, as well as census tracts in the western unincorporated county, as they are predominantly Hispanic, which is divergent from the county baseline (although internally the level of segregation is low). These designations are often reflective of the intra-city relationships between racial and ethnic groups and high representations of Hispanic populations. In the City of Clovis, as well as unincorporated county islands in the City of Fresno, and eastern census tract adjacent to the national forest areas, also designated as High Segregation at a broader level, the majority of census tracts are identified as High White Segregation. Those census tracts that are identified as High POC in the City of Clovis reflect a high concentration of Asian residents in combination with an average of 20.0 percent Hispanic and Other at approximately 6.0 percent. A large portion of the census tracts within the cities of Fresno, Kerman, Kingsburg, Clovis, and Coalinga, as well as unincorporated suburbs of the City of Fresno, are designated as areas of LowMedium segregation, which relate to intra-city distribution of racial and ethnic populations within the total city composition. While there are no jurisdictions in Fresno County designated as racially integrated in their entirety, Racially Integrated designations exist at the census tract level in the cities of Fresno and Clovis and south along SR 99 that correspond to Diversity Index percentiles not reflected at the jurisdictional-level profile. 133
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-25 FIGURE 3-12 RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERGENCE, FRESNO COUNTY REGION Source: Othering and Belonging Institute, 2020
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3-26 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 In Fresno County, as in much of the surrounding San Joaquin Valley region following SR 99 and to the west, the population is primarily Non-White, (Figure 3-13, Regional Demographic Composition, 2020, and Figure 3-14, Regional Racial Demographics) with the predominant population identifying as Hispanic, with the exception of portions of Clovis and pockets of unincorporated areas. The northern portion of the San Joaquin Valley region has similar racial and ethnic patterns, with most of Merced, Madera, and Tulare Counties being 61.0 to 81.0 percent Non-White with predominantly Hispanic populations, with concentrations of Non-White populations above 81.0 percent in the core areas of jurisdictions. San Benito County has a slightly less diverse population, with 41.0 to 60.0 percent of the population identifying as Non-White and a sizeable White population. In the eastern Inyo and San Joaquin Counties, the population is predominantly White Non-Hispanic, with communities of color comprising less than 40.0 percent of the population. These racial and ethnic trends in the flatland areas of the San Joaquin Valley reflect patterns of the historical agricultural economy and associated lower-income distribution with higher rates of poverty.

FIGURE 3-13 REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION, 2020
Source: 2016-2020 ACS 28.7%

60.5%

31.6%

33.4%

26.9%

29.5%

64.9%

33.4%

27.8%

4.4%

0.5%

5.9% 3.1%

2.8% 2.4%

0.2%

0.8%

1.2%

3.1%

14.1%

4.0% 3.2%

2.7%

3.4%

3.5%

3.1%

2.5%

10.4%

1.4%

3.6%

2.0%

7.4% 5.6%

4.4%

2.6%

3.4%

53.4%

23.0%

54.9%

58.3%

60.2%

59.0%

27.0%

60.1%

65.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%
100.0%
Fresno
County
Inyo County Kings County Madera
County
Merced
County
Monterey
County
Mono County San Benito
County
Tulare
County
Hispanic Asian American Indian, Native Hawaiian, two or more races, other Black/African American White Non-Hispanic 135
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FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 3-27 FIGURE 3-14 REGIONAL RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS
Source: Esri, 2018
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3-28 FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | NOVEMBER 2023 Concentrations of minority populations, or concentrations of affluence, may indicate a fair housing issue despite relative integration compared to the region. A racially and ethnically concentrated area of poverty (R/ECAP) is defined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) as an area in which 50.0 percent or more of the population identifies as non-White and 40.0 percent or more of households are earning an income below the federal poverty line. Although the regional 2021 Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC)/California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) Opportunity Map methodology was used during the preparation of this Regional Assessment of Fair Housing (AFH) chapter, as described previously, the data that methodology relied on for the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD’s) Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAP) designation is from 2013 and prior. Therefore, the 2023 COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map - High Segregation and Poverty indicator is used instead. It uses the same methodology for measuring high segregation and poverty areas as the 2023 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map. The 2023 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map includes a poverty concentration and racial segregation filter that aligns with HUD’s R/ECAP methodology but is intended to more effectively reflect the level of racial and ethnic diversity unique to many parts of California.

The 2023 methodology identifies areas of concentrated poverty where at least 30 percent of the population is living below the poverty line. The filter relies on a measure of racial segregation to capture the block groups and/or tracts that have a disproportionate share of households of color. The HUD R/ECAP metric sets an absolute threshold that does not account for substantial variation in the racial and ethnic population across California’s counties. To reflect unique racial and poverty interrelationships unique to the jurisdiction, a relative segregation measure is calculated at the block group/census tract level in the 2023 methodology to identify how much more segregated that area is relative to Fresno County overall. Local geographical areas that have both a poverty rate of over 30 percent and are designated as being racially segregated are filtered into the “High Segregation Poverty” category, as shown in Figure 3-15 (Areas of High Segregation and Poverty, 2023).

Fowler City CouncilOctober 1, 2024

Fowler City Council
October 1, 2024