Exhibit I EIR - Draft Environmental Impact Report — Fresno City Council, October 13, 2022 (part 5 of 7)

3.8 Architectural Coating - 2029
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1709 1.1455 1.8091 2.9700e0030.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515 281.4481 281.4481 0.0154 281.8319 Total 637.9868 1.1455 1.8091 2.9700e0030.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515 281.4481 281.4481 0.0154 281.8319 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 32.8027 15.6426 170.6165 0.6970 107.0630 0.4773 107.5403 28.3981 0.4390 28.8371 69,560.49 10 69,560.49
10 1.0142 69,585.84
61 Total 32.8027 15.6426 170.6165 0.6970 107.0630 0.4773 107.5403 28.3981 0.4390 28.8371 69,560.49 10 69,560.49
10 1.0142 69,585.84
61 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.8 Architectural Coating - 2029
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1709 1.1455 1.8091 2.9700e0030.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0154 281.8319 Total 637.9868 1.1455 1.8091 2.9700e0030.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0154 281.8319 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 32.8027 15.6426 170.6165 0.6970 107.0630 0.4773 107.5403 28.3981 0.4390 28.8371 69,560.49 10 69,560.49
10 1.0142 69,585.84
61 Total 32.8027 15.6426 170.6165 0.6970 107.0630 0.4773 107.5403 28.3981 0.4390 28.8371 69,560.49 10 69,560.49
10 1.0142 69,585.84
61 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 79 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

3.8 Architectural Coating - 2030
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 30.3757 14.3095 159.5015 0.6787 107.0630 0.4452 107.5082 28.3981 0.4094 28.8076 67,751.58 36 67,751.58
36 0.9248 67,774.70
24 Total 30.3757 14.3095 159.5015 0.6787 107.0630 0.4452 107.5082 28.3981 0.4094 28.8076 67,751.58 36 67,751.58
36 0.9248 67,774.70
24 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 80 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

3.8 Architectural Coating - 2030
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 30.3757 14.3095 159.5015 0.6787 107.0630 0.4452 107.5082 28.3981 0.4094 28.8076 67,751.58 36 67,751.58
36 0.9248 67,774.70
24 Total 30.3757 14.3095 159.5015 0.6787 107.0630 0.4452 107.5082 28.3981 0.4094 28.8076 67,751.58 36 67,751.58
36 0.9248 67,774.70
24 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 81 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

3.8 Architectural Coating - 2031
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 27.7779 13.0491 148.8568 0.6627 107.0630 0.4149 107.4779 28.3981 0.3816 28.7797 66,159.60 44 66,159.60
44 0.8411 66,180.63
17 Total 27.7779 13.0491 148.8568 0.6627 107.0630 0.4149 107.4779 28.3981 0.3816 28.7797 66,159.60 44 66,159.60
44 0.8411 66,180.63
17 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 82 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

3.8 Architectural Coating - 2031
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 27.7779 13.0491 148.8568 0.6627 107.0630 0.4149 107.4779 28.3981 0.3816 28.7797 66,159.60 44 66,159.60
44 0.8411 66,180.63
17 Total 27.7779 13.0491 148.8568 0.6627 107.0630 0.4149 107.4779 28.3981 0.3816 28.7797 66,159.60 44 66,159.60
44 0.8411 66,180.63
17 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.8 Architectural Coating - 2032
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 25.4491 11.9665 139.5133 0.6486 107.0630 0.3870 107.4500 28.3981 0.3559 28.7540 64,768.98 40 64,768.98
40 0.7685 64,788.19
71 Total 25.4491 11.9665 139.5133 0.6486 107.0630 0.3870 107.4500 28.3981 0.3559 28.7540 64,768.98 40 64,768.98
40 0.7685 64,788.19
71 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.8 Architectural Coating - 2032
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 25.4491 11.9665 139.5133 0.6486 107.0630 0.3870 107.4500 28.3981 0.3559 28.7540 64,768.98 40 64,768.98
40 0.7685 64,788.19
71 Total 25.4491 11.9665 139.5133 0.6486 107.0630 0.3870 107.4500 28.3981 0.3559 28.7540 64,768.98 40 64,768.98
40 0.7685 64,788.19
71 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.8 Architectural Coating - 2033
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 23.4420 11.0506 131.4406 0.6365 107.0630 0.3614 107.4244 28.3981 0.3324 28.7305 63,561.89 30 63,561.89
30 0.7063 63,579.55
07 Total 23.4420 11.0506 131.4406 0.6365 107.0630 0.3614 107.4244 28.3981 0.3324 28.7305 63,561.89 30 63,561.89
30 0.7063 63,579.55
07 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.8 Architectural Coating - 2033
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 23.4420 11.0506 131.4406 0.6365 107.0630 0.3614 107.4244 28.3981 0.3324 28.7305 63,561.89 30 63,561.89
30 0.7063 63,579.55
07 Total 23.4420 11.0506 131.4406 0.6365 107.0630 0.3614 107.4244 28.3981 0.3324 28.7305 63,561.89 30 63,561.89
30 0.7063 63,579.55
07 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.8 Architectural Coating - 2034
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 21.8602 10.3243 124.2147 0.6259 107.0630 0.3379 107.4009 28.3981 0.3108 28.7089 62,519.91 74 62,519.91
74 0.6517 62,536.20
93 Total 21.8602 10.3243 124.2147 0.6259 107.0630 0.3379 107.4009 28.3981 0.3108 28.7089 62,519.91 74 62,519.91
74 0.6517 62,536.20
93 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.8 Architectural Coating - 2034
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1308 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Total 637.9467 0.8563 1.7977 2.9700e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0114 281.7328 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 21.8602 10.3243 124.2147 0.6259 107.0630 0.3379 107.4009 28.3981 0.3108 28.7089 62,519.91 74 62,519.91
74 0.6517 62,536.20
93 Total 21.8602 10.3243 124.2147 0.6259 107.0630 0.3379 107.4009 28.3981 0.3108 28.7089 62,519.91 74 62,519.91
74 0.6517 62,536.20
93 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 89 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

3.8 Architectural Coating - 2035
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1179 0.7577 1.7943 2.9700e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e003281.4481 281.4481 0.0104 281.7081 Total 637.9338 0.7577 1.7943 2.9700e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e003281.4481 281.4481 0.0104 281.7081 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 20.5132 9.7640 118.1283 0.6170 107.0630 0.3168 107.3798 28.3981 0.2914 28.6895 61,631.55 38 61,631.55
38 0.6062 61,646.70
80 Total 20.5132 9.7640 118.1283 0.6170 107.0630 0.3168 107.3798 28.3981 0.2914 28.6895 61,631.55 38 61,631.55
38 0.6062 61,646.70
80 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 90 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile

3.8 Architectural Coating - 2035
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 637.8159 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1179 0.7577 1.7943 2.9700e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e0030.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0104 281.7081 Total 637.9338 0.7577 1.7943 2.9700e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e0039.9000e0030.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0104 281.7081 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 20.5132 9.7640 118.1283 0.6170 107.0630 0.3168 107.3798 28.3981 0.2914 28.6895 61,631.55 38 61,631.55
38 0.6062 61,646.70
80 Total 20.5132 9.7640 118.1283 0.6170 107.0630 0.3168 107.3798 28.3981 0.2914 28.6895 61,631.55 38 61,631.55
38 0.6062 61,646.70
80 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 91 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Mitigated 998.9121 16,690.36
57 10,500.41
90 87.8300 6,655.705
4 34.5610 6,690.266
4 1,788.263
7 32.4758 1,820.7395 9,064,851.
4107
9,064,851.
4107
725.9589 9,083,000.
3829
Unmitigated 998.9121 16,690.36
57 10,500.41
90 87.8300 6,655.705
4 34.5610 6,690.266
4 1,788.263
7 32.4758 1,820.7395 9,064,851.
4107
9,064,851.
4107
725.9589 9,083,000.
3829

4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile

4.2 Trip Summary Information
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 92 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

4.3 Trip Type Information
Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated
Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT
Apartments High Rise 7,003.98 7,003.98 7003.98 23,077,610 23,077,610 Apartments Low Rise 24,474.42 24,474.42 24474.42 80,641,452 80,641,452 Apartments Mid Rise 18,739.44 18,739.44 18739.44 61,745,106 61,745,106 Apartments Mid Rise 277.44 277.44 277.44 914,145 914,145 Single Family Housing 12,814.80 12,814.80 12814.80 42,223,843 42,223,843 Single Family Housing 60,633.12 60,633.12 60633.12 199,781,765 199,781,765 Single Family Housing 177,708.00 177,708.00 177708.00 585,535,065 585,535,065 Regional Shopping Center 31,344.25 31,344.25 31344.25 87,379,322 87,379,322 Regional Shopping Center 11,218.80 11,218.80 11218.80 31,274,982 31,274,982 Regional Shopping Center 234,254.18 234,254.18 234254.18 653,037,499 653,037,499 Regional Shopping Center 2,301.29 2,301.29 2301.29 6,415,368 6,415,368 Regional Shopping Center 251,633.28 251,633.28 251633.28 701,485,733 701,485,733 Regional Shopping Center 78,417.62 78,417.62 78417.62 218,607,185 218,607,185 General Light Industry 5,310.15 5,310.15 5310.15 16,619,043 16,619,043 General Office Building 52,380.68 52,380.68 52380.68 153,028,277 153,028,277 Office Park 17,016.53 17,016.53 17016.53 49,713,186 49,713,186 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00
Elementary School 22,196.02 22,196.02 22196.02 70,532,737 70,532,737 High School 14,918.80 14,918.80 14918.80 48,936,982 48,936,982 Junior College (2Yr) 0.00 0.00 0.00
Junior High School 12,504.00 12,504.00 12504.00 40,515,241 40,515,241 Library 0.00 0.00 0.00
Library 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00
Place of Worship 3,953.92 3,953.92 3953.92 10,506,359 10,506,359 Total 1,039,100.72 1,039,100.72 1,039,100.72 3,081,970,900 3,081,970,900 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 93 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter
Miles Trip % Trip Purpose %
Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by Apartments High Rise 10.80 7.30 7.50 48.00 16.00 36.00 100 0 0 Apartments Low Rise 10.80 7.30 7.50 48.00 16.00 36.00 100 0 0 Apartments Mid Rise 10.80 7.30 7.50 48.00 16.00 36.00 100 0 0 Apartments Mid Rise 10.80 7.30 7.50 48.00 16.00 36.00 100 0 0 Single Family Housing 10.80 7.30 7.50 48.00 16.00 36.00 100 0 0 Single Family Housing 10.80 7.30 7.50 48.00 16.00 36.00 100 0 0 Single Family Housing 10.80 7.30 7.50 48.00 16.00 36.00 100 0 0 Regional Shopping Center 9.50 7.30 7.30 16.30 64.70 19.00 100 0 0 Regional Shopping Center 9.50 7.30 7.30 16.30 64.70 19.00 100 0 0 Regional Shopping Center 9.50 7.30 7.30 16.30 64.70 19.00 100 0 0 Regional Shopping Center 9.50 7.30 7.30 16.30 64.70 19.00 100 0 0 Regional Shopping Center 9.50 7.30 7.30 16.30 64.70 19.00 100 0 0 Regional Shopping Center 9.50 7.30 7.30 16.30 64.70 19.00 100 0 0 General Light Industry 9.50 7.30 7.30 59.00 28.00 13.00 100 0 0 General Office Building 9.50 7.30 7.30 33.00 48.00 19.00 100 0 0 Office Park 9.50 7.30 7.30 33.00 48.00 19.00 100 0 0
City Park 9.50 7.30 7.30 33.00 48.00 19.00 100 0 0
Elementary School 9.50 7.30 7.30 65.00 30.00 5.00 100 0 0 High School 9.50 7.30 7.30 77.80 17.20 5.00 100 0 0
Junior College (2Yr) 9.50 7.30 7.30 6.40 88.60 5.00 100 0 0 Junior High School 9.50 7.30 7.30 72.80 22.20 5.00 100 0 0 Library 9.50 7.30 7.30 52.00 43.00 5.00 100 0 0
Library 9.50 7.30 7.30 52.00 43.00 5.00 100 0 0
Other Asphalt Surfaces 9.50 7.30 7.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 0 0 Place of Worship 9.50 7.30 7.30 0.00 95.00 5.00 100 0 0

4.4 Fleet Mix
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 94 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

5.0 Energy Detail

5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Apartments High Rise 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Apartments Low Rise 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Apartments Mid Rise 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Single Family Housing 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Regional Shopping Center 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 General Light Industry 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 General Office Building 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Office Park 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 City Park 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Elementary School 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 High School 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Junior College (2Yr) 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Junior High School 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Library 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Place of Worship 0.520477 0.028091 0.176473 0.089974 0.008253 0.003211 0.033872 0.130415 0.002306 0.001106 0.004464 0.000952 0.000405 Historical Energy Use: N
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 95 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
NaturalGas
Mitigated

56.0796 492.5253 301.4567 3.0589 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 611,777.3 858
611,777.3
858

11.7257 11.2159 615,412.8
729
NaturalGas
Unmitigated

56.0796 492.5253 301.4567 3.0589 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 611,777.3 858
611,777.3
858

11.7257 11.2159 615,412.8
729

5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day
Apartments High
Rise
69964.3 0.7545 6.4477 2.7437 0.0412 0.5213 0.5213 0.5213 0.5213 8,231.095 1 8,231.095
1 0.1578 0.1509 8,280.008
3 Apartments Low
Rise
172658 1.8620 15.9117 6.7709 0.1016 1.2865 1.2865 1.2865 1.2865 20,312.76 03 20,312.76
03 0.3893 0.3724 20,433.46
88 Apartments Mid
Rise
153241 1.6526 14.1222 6.0095 0.0901 1.1418 1.1418 1.1418 1.1418 18,028.33 55 18,028.33
55 0.3455 0.3305 18,135.46
89 Apartments Mid
Rise
2268.75 0.0245 0.2091 0.0890 1.3300e0030.0169 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169 266.9120 266.9120 5.1200e0034.8900e003268.4981 City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Elementary
School
89901 0.9695 8.8138 7.4036 0.0529 0.6699 0.6699 0.6699 0.6699 10,576.58 52 10,576.58
52 0.2027 0.1939 10,639.43
65 Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 96 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day
General Light
Industry
81619.5 0.8802 8.0019 6.7216 0.0480 0.6082 0.6082 0.6082 0.6082 9,602.292 1 9,602.292
1 0.1840 0.1760 9,659.353
7 General Office
Building
256195 2.7629 25.1172 21.0985 0.1507 1.9089 1.9089 1.9089 1.9089 30,140.64 17 30,140.64
17 0.5777 0.5526 30,319.75
25 High School 89575.1 0.9660 8.7819 7.3768 0.0527 0.6674 0.6674 0.6674 0.6674 10,538.24 81 10,538.24
81 0.2020 0.1932 10,600.87
16 Junior College
(2Yr)
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Junior High
School
63204.6 0.6816 6.1965 5.2051 0.0372 0.4709 0.4709 0.4709 0.4709 7,435.834 3 7,435.834
3 0.1425 0.1363 7,480.021
7 Library 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Office Park 203842 2.1983 19.9845 16.7870 0.1199 1.5188 1.5188 1.5188 1.5188 23,981.44 03 23,981.44
03 0.4596 0.4397 24,123.95
00 Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Place of Worship 43393 0.4680 4.2542 3.5735 0.0255 0.3233 0.3233 0.3233 0.3233 5,105.061 0 5,105.061
0 0.0979 0.0936 5,135.397
8 Regional
Shopping Center
184496 1.9897 18.0878 15.1938 0.1085 1.3747 1.3747 1.3747 1.3747 21,705.39 06 21,705.39
06 0.4160 0.3979 21,834.37
49 Regional
Shopping Center
26394.8 0.2847 2.5877 2.1737 0.0155 0.1967 0.1967 0.1967 0.1967 3,105.276 2 3,105.276
2 0.0595 0.0569 3,123.729
3 Regional
Shopping Center
5414.32 0.0584 0.5308 0.4459 3.1800e0030.0403 0.0403 0.0403 0.0403 636.9785 636.9785 0.0122 0.0117 640.7638 Regional
Shopping Center
551138 5.9436 54.0331 45.3878 0.3242 4.1065 4.1065 4.1065 4.1065 64,839.74 45 64,839.74
45 1.2428 1.1887 65,225.05
47 Regional
Shopping Center
592026 6.3846 58.0418 48.7551 0.3483 4.4112 4.4112 4.4112 4.4112 69,650.14 37 69,650.14
37 1.3350 1.2769 70,064.03
97 Regional
Shopping Center
73744.7 0.7953 7.2299 6.0731 0.0434 0.5495 0.5495 0.5495 0.5495 8,675.846 3 8,675.846
3 0.1663 0.1591 8,727.402
5 Single Family
Housing

1.79793e
+006

19.3895 165.6919 70.5072 1.0576 13.3964 13.3964 13.3964 13.3964 211,521.5 226
211,521.5
226

4.0542 3.8779 212,778.4
893
Single Family
Housing
129652 1.3982 11.9483 5.0844 0.0763 0.9660 0.9660 0.9660 0.9660 15,253.14 57 15,253.14
57 0.2924 0.2796 15,343.78
75 Single Family
Housing
613446 6.6156 56.5333 24.0567 0.3609 4.5708 4.5708 4.5708 4.5708 72,170.13 23 72,170.13
23 1.3833 1.3231 72,599.00
33 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 97 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter
Total 56.0796 492.5253 301.4567 3.0589 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 611,777.3 858
611,777.3
858

11.7257 11.2159 615,412.8
729

69.9643 0.7545 6.4477 2.7437 0.0412 0.5213 0.5213 0.5213 0.5213 8,231.095 1 8,231.095
1 0.1578 0.1509 8,280.008
3 Apartments Low
Rise
172.658 1.8620 15.9117 6.7709 0.1016 1.2865 1.2865 1.2865 1.2865 20,312.76 03 20,312.76
03 0.3893 0.3724 20,433.46
88 Apartments Mid
Rise
153.241 1.6526 14.1222 6.0095 0.0901 1.1418 1.1418 1.1418 1.1418 18,028.33 55 18,028.33
55 0.3455 0.3305 18,135.46
89 Apartments Mid
Rise

2.26875 0.0245 0.2091 0.0890 1.3300e0030.0169 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169 266.9120 266.9120 5.1200e0034.8900e003268.4981 City Park 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Elementary
School

89.901 0.9695 8.8138 7.4036 0.0529 0.6699 0.6699 0.6699 0.6699 10,576.58 52 10,576.58
52 0.2027 0.1939 10,639.43
65 General Light
Industry

81.6195 0.8802 8.0019 6.7216 0.0480 0.6082 0.6082 0.6082 0.6082 9,602.292 1 9,602.292
1 0.1840 0.1760 9,659.353
7 General Office
Building
256.195 2.7629 25.1172 21.0985 0.1507 1.9089 1.9089 1.9089 1.9089 30,140.64 17 30,140.64
17 0.5777 0.5526 30,319.75
25 High School 89.5751 0.9660 8.7819 7.3768 0.0527 0.6674 0.6674 0.6674 0.6674 10,538.24 81 10,538.24
81 0.2020 0.1932 10,600.87
16 Junior College
(2Yr)
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Junior High
School

63.2046 0.6816 6.1965 5.2051 0.0372 0.4709 0.4709 0.4709 0.4709 7,435.834 3 7,435.834
3 0.1425 0.1363 7,480.021
7 Library 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Office Park 203.842 2.1983 19.9845 16.7870 0.1199 1.5188 1.5188 1.5188 1.5188 23,981.44 03 23,981.44
03 0.4596 0.4397 24,123.95
00 Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 98 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

6.1 Mitigation Measures Area

6.0 Area Detail
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Place of Worship 43.393 0.4680 4.2542 3.5735 0.0255 0.3233 0.3233 0.3233 0.3233 5,105.061 0 5,105.061
0 0.0979 0.0936 5,135.397
8 Regional
Shopping Center
184.496 1.9897 18.0878 15.1938 0.1085 1.3747 1.3747 1.3747 1.3747 21,705.39 06 21,705.39
06 0.4160 0.3979 21,834.37
49 Regional
Shopping Center

26.3948 0.2847 2.5877 2.1737 0.0155 0.1967 0.1967 0.1967 0.1967 3,105.276 2 3,105.276
2 0.0595 0.0569 3,123.729
3 Regional
Shopping Center

5.41432 0.0584 0.5308 0.4459 3.1800e0030.0403 0.0403 0.0403 0.0403 636.9785 636.9785 0.0122 0.0117 640.7638 Regional
Shopping Center
551.138 5.9436 54.0331 45.3878 0.3242 4.1065 4.1065 4.1065 4.1065 64,839.74 45 64,839.74
45 1.2428 1.1887 65,225.05
47 Regional
Shopping Center
592.026 6.3846 58.0418 48.7551 0.3483 4.4112 4.4112 4.4112 4.4112 69,650.14 37 69,650.14
37 1.3350 1.2769 70,064.03
97 Regional
Shopping Center

73.7447 0.7953 7.2299 6.0731 0.0434 0.5495 0.5495 0.5495 0.5495 8,675.846 3 8,675.846
3 0.1663 0.1591 8,727.402
5 Single Family
Housing
129.652 1.3982 11.9483 5.0844 0.0763 0.9660 0.9660 0.9660 0.9660 15,253.14 57 15,253.14
57 0.2924 0.2796 15,343.78
75 Single Family
Housing
1797.93 19.3895 165.6919 70.5072 1.0576 13.3964 13.3964 13.3964 13.3964 211,521.5 226
211,521.5
226

4.0542 3.8779 212,778.4
893
Single Family
Housing
613.446 6.6156 56.5333 24.0567 0.3609 4.5708 4.5708 4.5708 4.5708 72,170.13 23 72,170.13
23 1.3833 1.3231 72,599.00
33 Total 56.0796 492.5253 301.4567 3.0589 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 38.7459 611,777.3 858
611,777.3
858

11.7257 11.2159 615,412.8
729
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 99 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Mitigated 3,899.471
9 1,160.170
7 4,323.000
6 7.3263 111.6094 111.6094 111.6094 111.6094 0.0000 1,431,380. 5688
1,431,380.
5688

33.9582 26.1144 1,440,011.
6244
Unmitigated 3,899.471
9 1,160.170
7 4,323.000
6 7.3263 111.6094 111.6094 111.6094 111.6094 0.0000 1,431,380. 5688
1,431,380.
5688

33.9582 26.1144 1,440,011.
6244

6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
SubCategory lb/day lb/day
Architectural
Coating
638.8644 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Consumer
Products
3,014.375
7 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Hearth 130.5722 1,115.798
5 474.8079 7.1221 90.2135 90.2135 90.2135 90.2135 0.0000 1,424,423. 6471
1,424,423.
6471

27.3015 26.1144 1,432,888.
2846
Landscaping 115.6596 44.3722 3,848.192
7 0.2041 21.3959 21.3959 21.3959 21.3959 6,956.921
7 6,956.921
7 6.6567 7,123.339
8 Total 3,899.471
9 1,160.170
7 4,323.000
6 7.3263 111.6094 111.6094 111.6094 111.6094 0.0000 1,431,380. 5688
1,431,380.
5688

33.9582 26.1144 1,440,011.
6244
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 100 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste

7.1 Mitigation Measures Water

7.0 Water Detail

8.0 Waste Detail

33.9582 26.1144 1,440,011.
6244
Mitigated

9.0 Operational Offroad
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type

10.0 Stationary Equipment
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 101 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter

11.0 Vegetation
Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers
Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment
Equipment Type Number
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 102 of 102 Date: 9/29/2020 5:15 PM Fresno SPWA - Fresno County, Winter
APPENDIX B.2
Energy Outputs
EMFAC2017 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: County
Region: FRESNO
Calendar Year: 2021
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2011 Categories
Units: miles/day for VMT, trips/day for Trips, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption. Note 'day' in the unit is operation day.

Region Calendar Year Vehicle Category Model Year Speed Fuel Population VMT Trips Fuel Consumption MPG FRESNO 2021 All Other Buses Aggregated Aggregated DSL 163.3759123 9551.723599 1372.357664 1.066679031 8.95463708 FRESNO 2021 LDA Aggregated Aggregated GAS 360187.0142 13826269.44 1691918.992 450.5829573 30.6852916 FRESNO 2021 LDA Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2734.668836 113419.567 13041.16806 2.240176367 50.6297489 FRESNO 2021 LDA Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 5771.621263 228949.6144 28804.39941 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2021 LDT1 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 39099.95365 1354856.639 175754.8755 52.1252267 25.9923405 FRESNO 2021 LDT1 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 29.87393939 419.4733253 93.9839647 0.01653543 25.3681542 FRESNO 2021 LDT1 Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 129.7655311 5482.677129 660.2390481 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2021 LDT2 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 129640.0253 4712300.458 596970.0264 198.0045045 23.7989558 FRESNO 2021 LDT2 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 548.3314518 23832.76525 2687.423482 0.640468806 37.211438 FRESNO 2021 LDT2 Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 713.4992138 23801.29738 3620.137061 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2021 LHD1 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 10624.69394 355805.1831 158292.1089 42.963626 8.28154456 FRESNO 2021 LHD1 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 10656.82718 371708.625 134049.4796 21.02038574 17.6832447 FRESNO 2021 LHD2 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 1825.478029 59952.66741 27196.90267 8.323817429 7.20254474 FRESNO 2021 LHD2 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 3628.561563 128355.2011 45642.73974 8.141716014 15.7651287 FRESNO 2021 MCY Aggregated Aggregated GAS 18423.29031 148923.4391 36846.58062 3.935963267 37.8365927 FRESNO 2021 MDV Aggregated Aggregated GAS 124848.6639 4140987.568 564003.9311 215.1808357 19.244221 FRESNO 2021 MDV Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2105.941898 86518.70538 10153.68686 3.196155058 27.0696208 FRESNO 2021 MDV Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 312.4966737 10759.61149 1601.534031 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2021 MH Aggregated Aggregated GAS 1759.975585 15220.55632 176.0679576 3.213623157 4.73626047 FRESNO 2021 MH Aggregated Aggregated DSL 722.7873095 6309.523058 72.27873095 0.651750843 9.68088209 FRESNO 2021 Motor Coach Aggregated Aggregated DSL 59.76869668 7770.733598 872.6229715 1.242306715 6.2550846 FRESNO 2021 OBUS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 343.9261828 17738.4867 6881.275066 3.81183852 4.65352522 FRESNO 2021 PTO Aggregated Aggregated DSL 0 14761.34913 0 3.009193327 4.90541734 FRESNO 2021 SBUS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 86.90521149 4894.756624 347.6208459 0.534550326 9.15677419 FRESNO 2021 SBUS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1106.638049 34721.91042 12770.44966 4.371790876 7.94226243 MHD FRESNO 2021 T6 Ag Aggregated Aggregated DSL 70.58470331 986.5981425 310.5726946 0.109064383 9.04601588 8.984019 FRESNO 2021 T6 CAIRP heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 149.4455623 29407.45814 2181.90521 2.667127291 11.0258923 FRESNO 2021 T6 CAIRP small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 78.24582375 4095.853786 1142.389027 0.394920925 10.3713263 FRESNO 2021 T6 instate construction heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 517.3970346 35207.97972 2339.131877 4.381177142 8.03619178 FRESNO 2021 T6 instate construction small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2198.030381 113731.8796 9937.209892 14.05918199 8.08950902 FRESNO 2021 T6 instate heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1868.81872 241522.0626 21565.90893 24.86084134 9.71495933 FRESNO 2021 T6 instate small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 4091.470089 205725.3141 47214.99757 21.86108511 9.41057194 FRESNO 2021 T6 OOS heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 84.99599301 16840.98131 1240.941498 1.526099078 11.0353132 FRESNO 2021 T6 OOS small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 45.86234765 2383.189166 669.5902756 0.229891569 10.3665793 FRESNO 2021 T6 Public Aggregated Aggregated DSL 521.5352965 7851.259054 1581.990398 1.125424582 6.97626405 FRESNO 2021 T6 utility Aggregated Aggregated DSL 110.1189523 1853.1229 1266.367952 0.205809786 9.0040563 FRESNO 2021 T6TS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 926.1474538 51879.6628 18530.35826 10.96463468 4.73154504 HHD FRESNO 2021 T7 Ag Aggregated Aggregated DSL 54.1137815 830.8241065 238.1006386 0.145510213 5.70973055 5.379501 FRESNO 2021 T7 CAIRP Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2654.271667 471356.3512 38752.36633 70.76853275 6.66053587 FRESNO 2021 T7 CAIRP construction Aggregated Aggregated DSL 139.9590605 25290.19768 632.7494708 4.396813342 5.75193798 FRESNO 2021 T7 NNOOS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2864.474226 574611.4909 41821.3237 83.04795011 6.9190328 FRESNO 2021 T7 NOOS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1042.19486 185193.7786 15216.04496 28.45751002 6.50772954 FRESNO 2021 T7 other port Aggregated Aggregated DSL 53.96604641 8643.165324 410.1419527 1.580636182 5.46815606 FRESNO 2021 T7 POAK Aggregated Aggregated DSL 284.8967002 32755.92016 2165.214922 6.263997875 5.22923552 FRESNO 2021 T7 POLA Aggregated Aggregated DSL 266.0142577 33509.94953 2021.708358 6.437710689 5.20525869 FRESNO 2021 T7 Public Aggregated Aggregated DSL 770.5682866 15575.68186 2337.390467 2.845323791 5.47413335 FRESNO 2021 T7 Single Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1037.685109 74341.10476 11974.74229 12.02959418 6.17985143 FRESNO 2021 T7 single construction Aggregated Aggregated DSL 892.2981086 62740.3288 4034.045056 11.80656174 5.314022 FRESNO 2021 T7 SWCV Aggregated Aggregated DSL 431.0296171 17588.1497 1681.015507 7.245638552 2.42741196 FRESNO 2021 T7 SWCV Aggregated Aggregated NG 63.8381311 2604.304657 248.9687113 1.140120734 2.28423585 FRESNO 2021 T7 tractor Aggregated Aggregated DSL 5014.592123 685159.73 63685.31996 95.1828025 7.19835634 FRESNO 2021 T7 tractor construction Aggregated Aggregated DSL 745.1217937 51755.24755 3368.666659 9.809894294 5.27582113 FRESNO 2021 T7 utility Aggregated Aggregated DSL 35.58888675 722.0536174 409.2721977 0.12285306 5.87737594 FRESNO 2021 T7IS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 3.57827957 472.6745653 71.59421764 0.119101015 3.9686863 FRESNO 2021 UBUS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 78.45019703 6763.939254 313.8007881 1.515811011 4.46225763 FRESNO 2021 UBUS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 20.05814875 2067.837991 80.23259498 0.269484577 7.67330737 FRESNO 2021 UBUS Aggregated Aggregated NG 119.5188953 13413.33 478.075581 3.087400739 4.34453805 EMFAC2017 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: County
Region: FRESNO
Calendar Year: 2035
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2011 Categories
Units: miles/day for VMT, trips/day for Trips, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption. Note 'day' in the unit is operation day.

Region Calendar Year Vehicle Category Model Year Speed Fuel Population VMT Trips Fuel Consumption MPG FRESNO 2035 All Other Buses Aggregated Aggregated DSL 260.2307667 14317.39 2185.93844 1.27483802 11.23075373 FRESNO 2035 LDA Aggregated Aggregated GAS 493913.7993 16670157 2309399.37 404.8228832 41.17889023 FRESNO 2035 LDA Aggregated Aggregated DSL 5827.359994 202680.4 27541.3535 3.110273543 65.16482526 FRESNO 2035 LDA Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 27591.32946 997405.1 132204.242 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2035 LDT1 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 51674.25227 1661711 236389.918 47.57234249 34.93018646 FRESNO 2035 LDT1 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 6.237866971 213.8223 29.3145386 0.006214707 34.40585396 FRESNO 2035 LDT1 Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 1524.63097 55806.35 7336.32143 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2035 LDT2 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 161220.6123 5242951 741154.75 150.513615 34.83373485 FRESNO 2035 LDT2 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1491.989477 51364.85 7033.64488 1.05635654 48.6245347 FRESNO 2035 LDT2 Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 5798.483974 145721.9 27823.8106 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2035 LHD1 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 9311.148344 300877.2 138722.237 30.51142444 9.861132806 FRESNO 2035 LHD1 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 9481.188739 297019.9 119261.427 13.90652709 21.3583103 FRESNO 2035 LHD2 Aggregated Aggregated GAS 1441.297599 44618.08 21473.1867 5.245527004 8.50592929 FRESNO 2035 LHD2 Aggregated Aggregated DSL 3755.301612 114947 47236.9701 6.067006597 18.94624082 FRESNO 2035 MCY Aggregated Aggregated GAS 20071.83675 140811.2 40143.6735 3.717301802 37.87995875 FRESNO 2035 MDV Aggregated Aggregated GAS 112074.5647 3381137 505531.712 119.8799043 28.20436936 FRESNO 2035 MDV Aggregated Aggregated DSL 3627.930111 117280.5 16840.6096 3.208550477 36.55247816 FRESNO 2035 MDV Aggregated Aggregated ELEC 4126.535194 104730 19869.256 0 #DIV/0! FRESNO 2035 MH Aggregated Aggregated GAS 1370.582641 12987.15 137.113087 2.243633334 5.788444951 FRESNO 2035 MH Aggregated Aggregated DSL 749.5520707 6063.058 74.9552071 0.536143115 11.30865522 FRESNO 2035 Motor Coach Aggregated Aggregated DSL 78.91186401 9430.679 1152.11321 1.224355833 7.702564174 FRESNO 2035 OBUS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 282.4845462 12618.23 5651.9508 2.21246803 5.703235352 FRESNO 2035 PTO Aggregated Aggregated DSL 0 17983.12 0 2.999492583 5.995388364 FRESNO 2035 SBUS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 156.7343254 7814.303 626.937302 0.733898751 10.64765784 FRESNO 2035 SBUS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 967.5174127 30161.36 11165.0168 3.323463326 9.075279811 MHD FRESNO 2035 T6 Ag Aggregated Aggregated DSL 45.70128822 139.2407 201.085668 0.017459029 7.975281591 11.06356 FRESNO 2035 T6 CAIRP heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 208.4807457 35678.9 3043.81889 2.440189833 14.62136412 FRESNO 2035 T6 CAIRP small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 112.5273223 4979.393 1642.89891 0.381179183 13.06312855 FRESNO 2035 T6 instate construction heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 729.431844 46076.68 3297.73301 4.958158545 9.293103872 FRESNO 2035 T6 instate construction small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2993.998037 148840.9 13535.7487 14.58287996 10.20655104 FRESNO 2035 T6 instate heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2586.929246 243998.5 29852.8048 20.28856453 12.02640288 FRESNO 2035 T6 instate small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 5992.142637 276115.3 69148.4952 23.01603994 11.99664782 FRESNO 2035 T6 OOS heavy Aggregated Aggregated DSL 118.5217241 20419.88 1730.41717 1.394876615 14.63920335 FRESNO 2035 T6 OOS small Aggregated Aggregated DSL 66.5743768 2929.257 971.985901 0.224480773 13.04903084 FRESNO 2035 T6 Public Aggregated Aggregated DSL 367.3514172 5601.17 1114.2993 0.648159822 8.641649728 FRESNO 2035 T6 utility Aggregated Aggregated DSL 123.9642675 2067.982 1425.58908 0.180666625 11.44639599 FRESNO 2035 T6TS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 1040.436799 58504.28 20817.0595 10.08004198 5.80397147 HHD FRESNO 2035 T7 Ag Aggregated Aggregated DSL 87.90283113 967.1513 386.772457 0.149836207 6.454723552 7.186775 FRESNO 2035 T7 CAIRP Aggregated Aggregated DSL 2700.839925 571661.1 39432.2629 60.38837133 9.466409648 FRESNO 2035 T7 CAIRP construction Aggregated Aggregated DSL 180.8160535 33097.28 817.462348 4.33447019 7.635830852 FRESNO 2035 T7 NNOOS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 4052.029805 696833.2 59159.6352 75.94864084 9.175058231 FRESNO 2035 T7 NOOS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1074.662955 224620.9 15690.0791 24.32282277 9.234986915 FRESNO 2035 T7 other port Aggregated Aggregated DSL 70.96911993 11710.04 539.365311 1.41473788 8.277181059 FRESNO 2035 T7 POAK Aggregated Aggregated DSL 388.1436874 61324.36 2949.89202 7.610397843 8.057970503 FRESNO 2035 T7 POLA Aggregated Aggregated DSL 306.2072059 59379.65 2327.17477 7.981010658 7.440116231 FRESNO 2035 T7 Public Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1303.189364 26385.69 3953.00773 3.742132212 7.050977133 FRESNO 2035 T7 Single Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1166.053923 90566.6 13456.1006 11.75063391 7.707380068 FRESNO 2035 T7 single construction Aggregated Aggregated DSL 1102.466066 82108.27 4984.20622 12.36227506 6.641841138 FRESNO 2035 T7 SWCV Aggregated Aggregated DSL 344.8042141 14063.32 1344.73643 4.59394473 3.061272502 FRESNO 2035 T7 SWCV Aggregated Aggregated NG 57.27627472 2335.883 223.377471 0.848537751 2.752833573 FRESNO 2035 T7 tractor Aggregated Aggregated DSL 7054.508476 855086.6 89592.2576 87.6312783 9.757778137 FRESNO 2035 T7 tractor construction Aggregated Aggregated DSL 915.3455844 67732.09 4138.2418 10.08321537 6.717310795 FRESNO 2035 T7 utility Aggregated Aggregated DSL 39.74790079 805.6322 457.100859 0.108356783 7.43499587 FRESNO 2035 T7IS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 4.056587089 545.8966 81.1641945 0.102834257 5.308509236 FRESNO 2035 UBUS Aggregated Aggregated GAS 93.07837613 8025.174 372.313505 1.436846062 5.585270559 FRESNO 2035 UBUS Aggregated Aggregated DSL 32.93245691 3652.699 131.729828 0.487387176 7.494449904 FRESNO 2035 UBUS Aggregated Aggregated NG 132.670755 14715.16 530.68302 3.355986499 4.384748845 On-road Mobile (Operational) Energy Usage
Unmitigated:

Step 1:

Therefore:

Average Daily VMT:
3,081,970,900 Source: CalEEMod
Step 2: Given:

Fleet Mix (CalEEMod Output)
LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH

57.7209% 2.4156% 21.4776% 10.3225% 0.9844% 0.3830% 2.1383% 3.0701% 0.4268% 0.1869% 0.7043% 0.1207% 0.0491% And:

Gasoline MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class - Year 2035 (EMFAC2017 Output) LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV MCY MH

41.17889023 34.93019 34.83373 28.20436936 37.87995875 5.788444951 Diesel MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class - Year 2035 (EMFAC2017 Output) LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS SBUS

9.861132806 18.94624 11.06356 7.186775026 5.703235352 7.494449904 9.07528 Therefore:

Weighted Average MPG Factors
Gasoline: 38.1 Diesel: 8.7
Step 3: Therefore:
75,063,072 daily gallons of gasoline 25,808,784 daily gallons of diesel or
27,398,021,200 annual gallons of gasoline 9,420,206,008 annual gallons of diesel Off-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage
Note: For the sake of simplicity, and as a conservative estimation, it was assumed that all off-road vehicles use diesel fuel as an energy source.

Demolition, Site preparation and grading off-road mobile vehicle on-site gallons of fuel are calculated below.

Given Factor: 322.3 metric tons CO2 (provided in CalEEMod Output File) Conversion Factor: 2204.6262 pounds per metric ton
Intermediate Result: 710,607 pounds CO2
Conversion Factor: 22.38 pounds CO2 per 1 gallon of diesel fuel Source: U.S. EIA, 2016 Final Result: 31,751.88 gallons diesel fuel http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=307&t=11 Mitigated Onsite Scenario Total CO2 (MT/yr) (provided in CalEEMod Output File) Demolition 34.24
On-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage - Demolition Step 1: Total Daily Worker Trips (CalEEMod output)
15 Worker Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod output)

10.8 Therefore:

Average Worker Daily VMT:
162
Step 2: Given:

Assumed Fleet Mix for Workers (Percentage mix is provided on Appendix A: Calculation Details for CalEEMOD p. 15) LDA LDT1 LDT2

0.5 0.25 0.25
And:

Gasoline MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class - Year 2021 (EMFAC2017 output) LDA LDT1 LDT2

41.17889 34.93019 34.83373
Therefore:

Weighted Average Worker MPG Factor

38.030425
Step 3: Therefore:

4.3 Worker daily gallons of gasoline (all workers)
Step 4: 21 # of Days (CalEEMod ouput)
Therefore:

Result: 89 Total gallons of gasoline (all workers)
On-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage - Site Preparation Step 1: Total Daily Worker Trips (CalEEMod Output)
18 Worker Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod Output)

10.8 Therefore:

Average Worker Daily VMT:
194
Step 2: Given:

Assumed Fleet Mix for Workers (Percentage mix is provided on Appendix A: Calculation Details for CalEEMOD p. 15) LDA LDT1 LDT2

0.5 0.25 0.25
And:

Gasoline MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class (from EMFAC2017) - Year 2021 LDA LDT1 LDT2

30.685292 25.99234 23.798956
Therefore:

Weighted Average Worker MPG Factor

27.8 Step 3: Therefore:

7.0 Worker daily gallons of gasoline
Step 4: 65 # of Days (CalEEMod Output)
Therefore:

Result: 455 Total gallons of gasoline
On-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage - Grading
Step 1: Total Daily Worker Trips (CalEEMod Output)
20 Worker Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod Output)

10.8 Therefore:

Average Worker Daily VMT:
216
Step 2: Given:

Assumed Fleet Mix for Workers (Percentage mix is provided on Appendix A: Calculation Details for CalEEMOD p. 15) LDA LDT1 LDT2

0.5 0.25 0.25
And:

Gasoline MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class (from EMFAC2017) - Year 2040 LDA LDT1 LDT2

30.685292 25.99234 23.798956
Therefore:

Weighted Average Worker MPG Factor

27.8 Step 3: Therefore:

7.8 Worker daily gallons of gasoline
Step 4: 65 # of Days (CalEEMod Output)
Therefore:

Result: 505 Total gallons of gasoline
On-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage - Underground Utilities Step 1: Total Daily Worker Trips (CalEEMod Output)
30 Worker Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod Output)

10.8 Therefore:

Average Worker Daily VMT:
324
Step 2: Given:

Assumed Fleet Mix for Workers (Percentage mix is provided on Appendix A: Calculation Details for CalEEMOD p. 15) LDA LDT1 LDT2

0.5 0.25 0.25
And:

Gasoline MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class (from EMFAC2017) - Year 2040 LDA LDT1 LDT2

30.685292 25.99234 23.798956
Therefore:

Weighted Average Worker MPG Factor

27.8 Step 3: Therefore:

11.7 Worker daily gallons of gasoline
Step 4: 45 # of Days (CalEEMod Output)
Therefore:

Result: 525 Total gallons of gasoline
On-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage - Paving
Step 1: Total Daily Worker Trips (CalEEMod Output)
15 Worker Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod Output)

10.8 Therefore:

Average Worker Daily VMT:
162
Step 2: Given:

Assumed Fleet Mix for Workers (Percentage mix is provided on Appendix A: Calculation Details for CalEEMOD p. 15) LDA LDT1 LDT2

0.5 0.25 0.25
And:

Gasoline MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class (from EMFAC2017) - Year 2040 LDA LDT1 LDT2

30.685292 25.99234 23.798956
Therefore:

Weighted Average Worker MPG Factor

27.8 Step 3: Therefore:

5.8 Worker daily gallons of gasoline
Step 4: 85 # of Days (CalEEMod Output)
Therefore:

Result: 495 Total gallons of gasoline
On-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage - Building Construction Step 1: Total Daily Worker Trips (CalEEMod Output) Total Daily Vendor Trips (CalEEMod Output) 65,164 5% 3258 24,601 5% 1230
Note: Assumes 5% of Plan Area under construction at given point in time (on average) until buildout.

Worker Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod Output) Vendor Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod Output)

10.8 7.3
Therefore:

Average Worker Daily VMT: Average Vendor Daily VMT:
35,189 8,979
Step 2: Given:

Assumed Fleet Mix for Workers (Percentage mix is provided on Appendix A: Calculation Details for CalEEMOD p. 15) LDA LDT1 LDT2 Fleet Mix for Workers (CalEEMod Output)

0.5 0.25 0.25 MHD HHD
Assumed Fleet Mix for Vendors 0% 100%
And:

MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class (from EMFAC2017) - Year 2040 Gasoline: Diesel:

LDA LDT1 LDT2 MHD HHD

30.68529162 25.99234 23.798956 8.984018698 5.3795007
Therefore:

Weighted Average Worker (Gasoline) MPG Factor Weighted Average Vendor (Diesel) MPG Factor

27.8 5.4
Step 3: Therefore: Therefore:
1,266 Worker daily gallons of gasoline 1,669 Vendor daily gallons of diesel Step 4: 3833 # of Days (CalEEMod Output)
Therefore: Therefore:
4,853,381 Total gallons of gasoline 6,397,974 Total gallons of diesel On-road Mobile (Construction) Energy Usage - Architectural Coating Step 1: Total Daily Worker Trips (CalEEMod Output)
13033 5% 652
Note: Assumes 5% of Plan Area under construction at given point in time (on average) until buildout.

Worker Trip Length (miles) (CalEEMod Output)

10.8 Therefore:

Average Worker Daily VMT:
7,038
Step 2: Given:

Assumed Fleet Mix for Workers (Percentage mix is provided on Appendix A: Calculation Details for CalEEMOD p. 15) LDA LDT1 LDT2

0.5 0.25 0.25
And:

Gasoline MPG Factors for each Vehicle Class (EMFAC2017 Output) - Year 2040 LDA LDT1 LDT2

30.685292 25.99234 23.798956
Therefore:

Weighted Average Worker MPG Factor

27.8 Step 3: Therefore:
253.2 Worker daily gallons of gasoline
Step 4: 3,656 # of Days (CalEEMod Output)
Therefore:

Result: 925,867 Total gallons of gasoline
APPENDIX B.3
Analysis of Models and Tools to Correlate Project-Generated Pollutants to Health End Points

APPENDIX B
Appendix B of the Draft EIR includes additional information regarding models and tools for correlating project-generated criteria pollutant emissions to health end points. The following table is an addition to Appendix B.

ANALYSIS OF MODELS AND TOOLS TO CORRELATE PROJECT-GENERATED CRITERIA POLLUTANT EMISSIONS TO HEALTH END POINTS

TOOL CREATED BY DESCRIPTION RESOLUTION

POLLUTANTS

ANALYZED

PROJECT-LEVEL CEQA APPLICABILITY
AERMOD Modeling
System1,2
AERMIC A steady-state plume model that incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of both surface and elevated sources, and both simple and complex terrain. The modeling system incorporates air dispersion based on a planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of both surface and elevated sources, and both simple and complex terrain.

Project-level SO2, ROG,
NO2, Lead,
PM2.5, PM10,
NH3
This model operates at the project-level and provides
air dispersion modeling for a project’s emissions on
the surrounding environment. However, even with
supplementary (i.e. additional software), the model
cannot estimate specific health effects on receptors
from the air dispersion modeling. Moreover, it
cannot model the (complex) chemical reactions that
occur between the ozone precursors (e.g. NOx and
ROG) that generate ozone. Therefore, this model is
not recommended for project-level CEQA analysis.

AirCounts3 Abt Assoc. Online tool that helps large and medium-sized cities quickly estimate the health benefits of PM2.5 emission
reductions and economic value of those benefits. The tool estimates the number of deaths (mortality) avoided and
economic value related to user-specified regional, annual PM2.5 emissions reduction.

City-level Primary
PM2.5
This tool is only illustrative, as it is limited to certain cities and does not target specific sectors. The tool is not sector specific, and includes limited California
data. It cannot provide results at a project-level.

Therefore, the tool is not recommended for projectlevel CEQA analysis.

Air Pollution
Emission
Experiments and
Policy analysis
(APEEP) model4
Mueller and
Mendelsoh
n2006,
2009
The Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy
(APEEP) analysis model (Muller and Mendelsohn 2006,
2009) is a traditional integrated assessment model. Like other integrated assessment models, APEEP connects
emissions of air pollution through air-quality modeling to exposures, physical effects, and monetary damages.

Making these links requires the use of findings reported in the peer-reviewed literature across several scientific
disciplines. The air-quality models in APEEP use the
emission data provided by EPA to estimate corresponding ambient concentrations in each county in the coterminous states.

National or
county-level
SO2, ROG,
NOx, Ozone,
PM2.5, PM10
The model operates at the national scale but may be
applied at the county-level (although it is not clear
how this adjustment should be made). It cannot
provide results at a project-level. The tool is also not commercially available. Therefore, the tool is not
recommended for project-level CEQA analysis.
1 See: https://www.epa.gov/scram/air-quality-dispersion-modeling-preferred-and-recommended-models 2 Note: May require additional software to estimate the level of each specific pollutant at the modeled receptors. 3 See: https://www.abtassociates.com/tools
4 See: https://public.tepper.cmu.edu/nmuller/APModel.aspx

TOOL CREATED BY DESCRIPTION RESOLUTION

POLLUTANTS

ANALYZED

PROJECT-LEVEL CEQA APPLICABILITY
CALINE3/
CAL3QHC/
CAL3QHCR1, 2
USEPA A steady-state Gaussian dispersion model designed to determine air pollution concentrations at receptor
locations downwind of highways located in relatively
uncomplicated terrain. CALINE3 is incorporated into the more refined CAL3QHC and CAL3QHCR models.

CAL3QHCR is a more refined version based on CAL3QHC
that requires local meteorological data.

Project-level SO2, ROG,
NO2, Lead,
PM2.5, PM10
This model operates at the project-level and provides
air dispersion modeling for a project’s emissions on
the surrounding environment. However, even with
supplementary (i.e. additional software), the model
cannot estimate specific health effects on receptors
from the air dispersion modeling. Moreover, it
cannot model the (complex) chemical reactions that
occur between the ozone precursors (e.g. NOx and
ROG) that generate ozone. Therefore, this model is
not recommended for project-level CEQA analysis.

Complex Terrain
Dispersion Model
Plus Algorithms for
Unstable Situations
(CTDMPLUS)1, 2
USEPA A refined point source gaussian air quality model for use in all stability conditions for complex terrain. The purpose of the model is to provide a practical, refined plum model for elevated point sources near complex terrain.

Co-Benefits Risk
Assessment
(COBRA)5
USEPA Preliminary screening tool that contains baseline emission estimates of a variety of air pollutants for a single year.

COBRA is targeted to state and local governments as a
screening assessment for clean energy policies. EPA's CO– Benefits Risk Assessment (COBRA) screening model is a
free tool that helps state and local governments:
• Explore how changes in air pollution from clean
energy policies and programs;
• Estimate the economic value of the health
benefits associated with clean energy policies
and programs to compare against program
costs;
• Map and visually represent the air quality,
human health, and health-related economic
benefits from reductions in emissions of
particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (S02),
nitrogen oxides (NOX), ammonia (NH3), and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that result
from clean energy policies and programs.

National,
regional, state,
or countylevels
PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, NH3,
and ROG
COBRA is a preliminary screening tool only and
cannot be used at sub-county resolution. It cannot
provide results at a project-level. It also does not
account for secondary emission changes resulting
from market responses. Accordingly, the tool is not
recommended for project-level CEQA analysis.
5 See: https://www.epa.gov/statelocalenergy/co-benefits-risk-assessment-cobra-health-impacts-screening-and-mapping-tool

TOOL CREATED BY DESCRIPTION RESOLUTION

POLLUTANTS

ANALYZED

PROJECT-LEVEL CEQA APPLICABILITY
Environmental
Benefits and
Mapping ProgramCommunity Edition
(BenMAP-CE)6
USEPA The USEPA's detailed model for estimating the health impacts from air pollution. It relies on input concentrations and applies concentration-response (C-R) health impact
functions, which relate a change in the concentration of a pollutant with a change in the incidence of a health
endpoint, including premature mortality, heart attacks, chronic respiratory illnesses, asthma exacerbation and
other adverse health effects. Detailed inputs are required for air quality changes (concentrations from AERMOD),
population, baseline incidence rates, and effect estimates.

National,
County, City,
and subregional levels
Ozone, PM,
NO2, SO2, CO
This tool is not well suited to analyze small or
localized changes in pollutant concentrations
associated with individual projects. Although this
tool is under consideration by some California air
districts for use towards project-level analysis, no air district in California has promulgated a methodology
(using this tool or any other) that would correlate the expected air quality emissions of projects to the
likely health consequences of the increased
emissions. Accordingly, the tool is not recommended.

Fast Scenario
Screening Tool
(TM5-FASST)7
Joint
Research
Centre
(Italy)
A tool that allows users to evaluate how air pollutant
emissions affect large scale pollutant concentrations and their impact on human health (mortality and years of life lost) and crop yield from national to regional air quality policies, such as climate policies. The target policy domains are national to regional air quality policies, or air pollutant scenarios linked to other policy domains (e.g. climate
policy). The tool is web-based and does not require coding or modelling. Users must gain access through publishers.

Global and
nationallevels
PM2.5,
Ozone, NOx,
NH3, CO,
ROG, CH4,
SO2
This tool is applicable at national to global scales. It cannot provide results a project-level. Accordingly,
the tool is not recommended for project-level CEQA
analysis.

Long-range Energy
Alternatives
Planning SystemIntegrated Benefits
Calculator (LEAPIBC)8
Climate and
Clean Air
Coalition
(CCAC)
A calculator that allows users to rapidly estimate the
impacts of reducing emissions on health, climate, and
agriculture. The tool uses sensitivity coefficients that link gridded emissions of air pollutants and precursors to
health, climate and agricultural impacts at a national level.

The tool is primarily used for policy analysis. The tool is currently Excel-based and is available through the
developers only. A web-based interface is currently under development.

National-level PM2.5,
Ozone, NO2
This tool is applicable at national scale. Accordingly, the tool is not recommended for project-level CEQA
analysis.

Methodology for
Estimating
Premature Deaths
Associated with
Long-Term
Exposure to Fine
Airborne Particulate
Matter in California9
California
Air
Resources
Board
The staff report identifies a relative risk of premature death associated with PM2.5 exposure based on a review of all relevant scientific literature, and a new relative risk factor was developed. This new factor is a 10% increase in risk of premature death per 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure to
PM2.5 concentrations (uncertainty interval: 3% to 20%)
National PM2.5 The primary author of the CARB staff report notes that the analysis method is not suited for small
projects and may yield unreliable results due to
various uncertainties. The tool also cannot provide
results on a project-level. Accordingly, the tool is not recommended for project-level CEQA analysis.
6 See: https://www.epa.gov/benmap
7 See: http://tm5-fasst.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
8 See: https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/resources/long-range-energy-alternatives-planning-integrated-benefits-calculator-leap-ibc-factsheet 9 See: https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/research/health/pm-mort/pmmortalityreportfinalr10-24-08.pdf

TOOL CREATED BY DESCRIPTION RESOLUTION

POLLUTANTS

ANALYZED

PROJECT-LEVEL CEQA APPLICABILITY
Multi-Pollutant
Evaluation Method
(MPEM)10
BAAQMD Estimates the impacts of control measures on pollutant concentration, population exposures, and health outcomes for criteria, toxic, and GHG pollutants. Monetizes the value of total health benefits from reductions in PM2.5, ozone, and certain carcinogens, and the social value of GHG reductions.

MPEM was designed for development of a Clean Air Plan
for the San Francisco Bay Area. The inputs are specific to the SF region and are not appropriate for projects outside BAAQMD.

Regional level
in the SFBAAB
Ozone, PM,
air toxics,
GHG
This tool is designed to support the BAAQMD in
regional planning and emissions analysis within the
San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin (SFBAAB). The
model applies changes in pollutant concentrations
over a four-square kilometer grid. The tool also
cannot provide results on a project-level.

Additionally, this tool is only applicable for the
SFBAAB. Accordingly, the tool is not recommended
for project-level CEQA analysis.

Offshore and
Coastal Dispersion
Model Version 5
(OCD)1, 2
USEPA A straight-line Gaussian model developed to determine the impact of offshore emissions from point, area or line
sources on the air quality of coastal regions. OCD
incorporates overwater plume transport and dispersion as well as changes that occur as the plume crosses the
shoreline. Hourly meteorological data are needed from
both offshore and onshore locations.

Response Surface
Model (RSM)-based
Benefit-per-Ton
Estimates11
USEPA Consists of tables reporting the monetized PM2.5-related health benefits from reducing PM2.5 precursors from
certain source types nationally and for 9 US cities/regions.

Applying these estimates simply involves multiplying the emissions reduction by the relevant benefit per-ton metric.

The resulting value is the PM mortality risk estimate at a 3% discount rate.

National or
regional (San
Joaquin
County only)
levels
SOx, VOC,
NH3, NOx
RSM includes regional values specific to San Joaquin
County. The values are also dated. Accordingly, the
tool is not recommended for project-level CEQA
analysis.

Sector-based
Benefit-per-Ton
Estimates12
USEPA Two specific sets of Benefit-per-ton (BPT) estimates for 17 key source categories are available. Both are a reducedform approach based on BenMAP modeling. Applying these factors involves multiplying the emissions reduction (in tons) by the relevant benefit (economic value) or incidence (rates of mortality and morbidity) per-ton metric. The
resulting value is the economics, mortality, and morbidity of direct and indirect PM2.5 emissions.

National-scale PM2.5, SO2,
NOx
The BPT estimates do not account for project-specific
emissions or receptor locations, local dispersion
characteristics, or regional photochemistry. The
resultant health effects are therefore reflective of
national averages and may not be accurate when
applied to the project-level. Accordingly, the tool is
not recommended for project-level CEQA analysis.
10 See: http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/plans/2017-clean-air-plan/mpem_nov_dec_2016-pdf.pdf?la=en 11 See: https://www.epa.gov/benmap/response-surface-model-rsm-based-benefit-ton-estimates 12 See: https://www.epa.gov/benmap/sector-based-pm25-benefit-ton-estimates. The updated Technical Support Document (February 2018) is available at:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-02/documents/sourceapportionmentbpttsd_2018.pdf

APPENDIX C
Cultural and Paleontological Resource Assessment
1518 West Taft Avenue
Orange, CA 92865
Office (714) 974-8300
Field Offices
San Diego • Riverside • Morro Bay • Sacramento
cogstone.com
Toll free 888-333-3212
Federal Certifications EDWOSB, SDB
State Certifications DBE, WBE, SBE, UDBE

CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES

ASSESSMENT FOR THE FRESNO WEST AREA SPECIFIC

PLAN PROJECT, CITY OF FRESNO, FRESNO COUNTY,

CALIFORNIA
Prepared for:

De Novo Planning Group
180 East Main Street #108
Tustin, CA 92780
Authors:

Holly Duke, B.A.

Sherri Gust, M.S., RPA
Shannon Lopez, M.A.

Kim Scott, M.S.

Principal Investigators:

Molly Valasik, M.A., RPA, Principal Investigator for Archaeology Kim Scott, M.S., Principal Investigator for Paleontology October 2019
Cogstone Project Number: 4669
Type of Study: Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Sites: P-10-3110, P-10-3111, P-10-3112, P-10-3113, P-10-3114, P-10-3115, P-10-3116, P-10-3117, P-10-3118, P 10-3119, P-10-3120, P-10-3121, P-10-3122, P-10-3123, P-10-3124, P-10-3125, P-10-3126, P-10-3127, P-10-3128, P-10-3129, P-10-3130, P-10-3131, P-10-3132, P-10-3133, P-10-3134, P-10-3135, P-10-3136, P-10-3137, P-10-3138, P-10-3139, P-10-3140, P-10-3141, P-10-3142, P-10-3143, P-10-3144, P-10-3145, P-10-3146, P-10-3147, P-10-3148, P-10-3149, P-10-3150, P-10-3151, P-10-3152, P-10-3153, P-10-3154, P-10-3155, P-10-3156, P-10-3157, P-10-3158, P-10-3159, P-10-3160, P-10-3161, P-10-3930, P-10-4701, P-10-4702, P-10-4975, P-10-4976, P-10-4977, P-10-4978, P-10-4988, P-10-5205, P-10-5391, P-10-5392, P-10-5573, P-10-5648, P-10-5816, P-10-5829, P-10-6002, P-10-6003, P-10-6004, P-10-6005, P-10-6006, P-10-6007, P-10-6008, P-10-6009, P-10-6010, P-10-6027, P-10-6028, P-10-6029, P-10-6030, P-10-6031, P-10-6130 USGS 7.5’ Quadrangles: Fresno North, Herndon
Area: 7,077 acres
Key Words: Cultural Resources Assessment, Paleontological Resources Assessment, Specific Plan Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................... IV INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 PURPOSE OF STUDY ........................................................................................................................................... 1 PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 2 PROJECT PERSONNEL .................................................................................................................................... 15 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................................... 16 CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT ..................................................................................... 16 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................ 16 PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE ................................................................................................................................... 16 CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES .............................................................................................. 17 NATIVE AMERICAN HUMAN REMAINS .................................................................................................................... 18 CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, TITLE 14, SECTION 4307 ...................................................... 18 CITY OF FRESNO HISTORIC DESIGNATION ............................................................................................. 18 HISTORIC RESOURCE DESIGNATION ...................................................................................................................... 19 HERITAGE PROPERTY DESIGNATION ..................................................................................................................... 19 LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION ............................................................................................................. 19 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 GEOLOGICAL SETTING .................................................................................................................................. 20 STRATIGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................ 21 ARTIFICIAL FILL, MODERN .................................................................................................................................... 21 RIVER DEPOSITS, HOLOCENE ................................................................................................................................ 21 MODESTO FORMATION, LATE PLEISTOCENE .......................................................................................................... 22 RIVERBANK FORMATION, MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE ................................................................................................... 22 PREHISTORIC SETTING .................................................................................................................................. 24 ETHNOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................. 26 HISTORIC SETTING .......................................................................................................................................... 27 SPANISH EXPLORATION ........................................................................................................................................ 27 CITY OF FRESNO .................................................................................................................................................. 28 PROJECT AREA HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 29 RECORD SEARCHES AND LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................... 29 PALEONTOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 29 ARTIFICIAL FILL ................................................................................................................................................... 30 RIVER DEPOSITS ................................................................................................................................................... 30 MODESTO FORMATION LOCALITIES ...................................................................................................................... 30 RIVERBANK FORMATION LOCALITIES .................................................................................................................... 32 CULTURAL .......................................................................................................................................................... 32 CALIFORNIA HISTORIC RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM .................................................................................... 32 OTHER SOURCES .................................................................................................................................................. 43 NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................ 44 SENSITIVITY ........................................................................................................................................................... 44 PALEONTOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY ............................................................................................................. 44 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SENSITIVITY ..................................................................................... 46 HISTORICAL RESOURCE SENSITIVITY ..................................................................................................... 46 MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................................................................................... 46 REFERENCES CITED ............................................................................................................................................. 48 Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone iii
APPENDIX A. QUALIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 54 APPENDIX B. MUSEUM PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORDS SEARCH ........................................................ 60 APPENDIX C. NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATIONS................................................................................ 63 APPENDIX D. SENSITIVITY RANKING CRITERIA ....................................................................................... 64

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1. PROJECT VICINITY MAP .............................................................................................................................. 1 FIGURE 2A. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ......................................................................................................................... 3 FIGURE 2B. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ......................................................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 2C. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ......................................................................................................................... 5 FIGURE 2D. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ......................................................................................................................... 6 FIGURE 2E. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ......................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2F. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ......................................................................................................................... 8 FIGURE 3A. PROJECT AERIAL MAP .............................................................................................................................. 9 FIGURE 3B. PROJECT AERIAL MAP ............................................................................................................................ 10 FIGURE 3C. PROJECT AERIAL MAP ............................................................................................................................ 11 FIGURE 3D. PROJECT AERIAL MAP ............................................................................................................................ 12 FIGURE 3E. PROJECT AERIAL MAP ............................................................................................................................ 13 FIGURE 3F. PROJECT AERIAL MAP ............................................................................................................................ 14 FIGURE 4. GEOLOGY OF THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................................... 23

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. FRESNO WEST SP CADASTRAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 2 TABLE 2. PREVIOUS STUDIES WITHIN THE FRESNO WEST AREA SP ....................................................................... 32 TABLE 3. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN THE FRESNO WEST AREA SP ...................... 35 TABLE 4. ADDITIONAL SOURCES CONSULTED .......................................................................................................... 43 TABLE 5. PALEONTOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY RANKINGS ........................................................................................... 46 Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone iv

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The objective of this study is to review and summarize available information regarding known paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources within the boundaries of the City of Fresno’s (City) West Area Specific Plan (Project). The purpose of the West Area Specific Plan is to implement and refine the City’s vision for the West Area in order to guide future growth and development in the most northwest area of the City. The Project area is located within approximately 7,077 acres west of Highway 99 in the City of Fresno, Fresno County, California.

The City is the lead agency under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

The Project surface is mapped as modern artificial fill, Holocene deposits of the San Joaquin River, the late Pleistocene Modesto Formation, and the middle Pleistocene Riverbank Formation.

No fossils are known from the Fresno area. However, fossils have been found in the same formations as occur within the West Area SP. Although fossils may occur in artificial fill, any present would not be in situ and therefore not scientifically relevant. As such, artificial fill is assigned a very low Potential Fossil Yield Classification (PFYC 1). The Holocene river deposits are assigned a low potential for fossils (PFYC 2) based on age, and the Riverbank Formation is assigned a low potential for fossils (PFYC 2) based on the low number of fossils previously found in these sediments. The upper seven feet of the Modesto Formation are assigned a low potential for fossils (PFYC 2) due to the lack of fossils previously recovered. Modesto Formation sediments more than seven feet below the original ground surface are assigned a moderate but patchy potential for fossils (PFYC 3a) due the presence of numerous fossils found in other areas of the San Joaquin Valley. A mitigation measure is recommended Cogstone requested a search of the California Historic Resources Inventory System at the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (SSJVIC) located at California State University, Bakersfield on July 18, 2019. Results of the record search indicate that 36 previous cultural resources studies have been completed within the boundaries of the West Area SP. The records search also determined 82 previously recorded cultural resources are located within the West Area SP. Of these, four are historic archaeological sites and 78 are historic built environment resources. The majority of the historic built environment resources are historic residences clustered around North Polk Avenue and West Acacia Avenue. Two mitigation measures are recommended
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 1

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE OF STUDY
The objective of this study is to review and summarize available information regarding known paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources within the boundaries of the West Area Specific Plan (SP). The West Area SP consists of approximately 7,077 acres located west of Highway 99 in the City of Fresno (City) in Fresno County, California (Figure 1). The City is the lead agency under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

Figure 1. Project vicinity map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 2

PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The City of Fresno is located within the San Joaquin Valley in Fresno County, California (Figure 1). The Fresno West Area SP is located in the western portion of the City and is bounded by North Golden State Boulevard (Highway 99) to the north and east, North Garfield Avenue to the west, and West Clinton Avenue to the south. Specifically, the West Area SP is located within the Herndon and Fresno North United States Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5’ topographic maps (Table 1; Figures 2a-3f).

Table 1. Fresno West SP Cadastral Information
USGS 7.5 TOPOGRAPHIC

QUAD(S)

TOWNSHIP RANGE SECTION(S)
Herndon 12S 19E 31, 32
13S 19E 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29 Fresno North 13S 19E 14, 23, 24, 25, 26
13S 20E 30
The proposed SP will establish the land use planning and regulatory guidance, including the land use and zoning designations and policies, for the approximately 7,077-acre SP area. The SP will serve as a bridge between the Fresno General Plan and individual development applications in the Plan Area.

The SP seeks to provide for the orderly and consistent development that promotes and establishes the West Area as a complete neighborhood with enhanced transportation infrastructure, development of core commercial centers, creation of additional parkland, and encouraging the development of a diverse housing stock. The Plan Area does not currently have needed commercial amenities, forcing residents to travel east of State Route 99 for retail services. The Plan Area also lacks a complete roadway network and parkland.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 3
Figure 2a. Project location map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 4
Figure 2b. Project location map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 5
Figure 2c. Project location map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 6
Figure 2d. Project location map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 7
Figure 2e. Project location map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 8
Figure 2f. Project location map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 9
Figure 3a. Project aerial map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 10
Figure 3b. Project aerial map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 11
Figure 3c. Project aerial map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 12
Figure 3d. Project aerial map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 13
Figure 3e. Project aerial map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 14
Figure 3f. Project aerial map
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 15

PROJECT PERSONNEL
Cogstone Resource Management Inc. (Cogstone) conducted the cultural and paleontological resources assessment study. Qualifications of Cogstone key personnel are provided (Appendix A).
 Desireé Martinez served as the Task Manager providing QA/QC while supervising all tasks for the Project. Ms. Martinez is a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA), has an M.A. in Anthropology from Harvard University, Cambridge and has more than 22 years of experience in southern California archaeology.  Molly Valasik, RPA, served as the Principal Investigator for Archaeology and reviewed the report. Ms. Valasik has an M.A. in Anthropology from Kent State University and has more than 10 years of experience in southern California archaeology.  Kim Scott served as the Principal Investigator for Paleontology, performed the survey, authored the paleontological portions of this assessment. Scott has an M.S. in Biology with an emphasis in paleontology from California State University (CSU) San Bernardino, a B.S. in Geology with an emphasis in paleontology from the University of California (UC) Los Angeles, and over 20 years of experience in California paleontology and geology.
 Holly Duke authored portions of the report. Ms. Duke has a B.A. in Archaeology/History from Simon Fraser University, British Columbia and has more than six years of experience in southern California archaeology.
 Logan Freeberg served as the Geographic Information System (GIS) technician and provided maps for this assessment. Mr. Freeberg has a B.A. from UC Santa Barbara and has more than 15 years of experience in southern California archaeology.  Emily Barton consulted with Native American tribes for this Project. Mrs. Barton has a B.A. from CSU Sonoma in Anthropology with a minor in Paleontology and has more than 8 years of experience in southern California archaeology.  Shannon Lopez wrote the historic context of this report. Ms. Lopez has an M.A. in History from CSU Fullerton and has more than four years of professional experience.  Edgar Alvarez authored portions of the report. Mr. Alvarez has a B.A. in Anthropology from CSU Northridge and has more than three years of experience in southern California archaeology.
 Dr. John Harris reviewed the paleontological portions of this report for quality control.

He has a Ph.D. in Geology with paleontology emphasis from the University of Bristol (U.K.), an M.A. in Geology with paleontology emphasis from the University of Texas, Austin, and a B.S. (Hons) in Geology from the University of Leicester (U.K.). Dr. Harris has over 40 years of field and research experience in North America and Africa.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 16

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
CEQA states that: It is the policy of the state that public agencies should not approve projects as proposed if there are feasible alternatives or feasible mitigation measures available which would substantially lessen the significant environmental effects of such projects, and that the procedures required are intended to assist public agencies in systematically identifying both the significant effects of proposed project and the feasible alternatives or feasible mitigation measures which will avoid or substantially lessen such significant effects.

CEQA declares that it is state policy to: "take all action necessary to provide the people of this state with...historic environmental qualities." It further states that public or private projects financed or approved by the state are subject to environmental review by the state. All such projects, unless entitled to an exemption, may proceed only after this requirement has been satisfied. CEQA requires detailed studies that analyze the environmental effects of a proposed project. In the event that a project is determined to have a potential significant environmental effect, the act requires that alternative plans and mitigation measures be considered.

TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
As of 2015, CEQA established that “[a] project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment” (Public Resources Code, § 21084.2). In order to be considered a “tribal cultural resource,” a resource must be either:
(1) listed, or determined to be eligible for listing, on the national, state, or local register of historic resources, or
(2) a resource that the lead agency chooses, in its discretion, to treat as a tribal cultural resource.

To help determine whether a project may have such an effect, the lead agency must consult with any California Native American tribe that requests consultation and is traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of a proposed project. If a lead agency determines that a project may cause a substantial adverse change to tribal cultural resources, the lead agency must consider measures to mitigate that impact. Public Resources Code §20184.3 (b)(2) provides examples of mitigation measures that lead agencies may consider to avoid or minimize impacts to tribal cultural resources.

PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE
Section 5097.5: No person shall knowingly and willfully excavate upon, or remove, destroy, Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 17
injure or deface any historic or prehistoric ruins, burial grounds, archaeological or vertebrate paleontological site, including fossilized footprints, inscriptions made by human agency, or any other archaeological, paleontological or historical feature, situated on public lands (lands under state, county, city, district or public authority jurisdiction, or the jurisdiction of a public corporation), except with the express permission of the public agency having jurisdiction over such lands. Violation of this section is a misdemeanor. As used in this section, "public lands" means lands owned by, or under the jurisdiction of, the state, or any city, county, district, authority, or public corporation, or any agency thereof.

CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES
The California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) is a listing of all properties considered to be significant historical resources in the state. The California Register includes all properties listed or determined eligible for listing on the National Register, including properties evaluated under Section 106, and State Historical Landmarks number No. 770 and above. The California Register statute specifically provides that historical resources listed, determined eligible for listing on the California Register by the State Historical Resources Commission, or resources that meet the California Register criteria are resources which must be given consideration under CEQA (see above). Other resources, such as resources listed on local registers of historic registers or in local surveys, may be listed if they are determined by the State Historic Resources Commission to be significant in accordance with criteria and procedures to be adopted by the Commission and are nominated; their listing in the California Register, is not automatic.

Resources eligible for listing include buildings, sites, structures, objects, or historic districts that retain historical integrity and are historically significant at the local, state or national level under one or more of the following four criteria:
1) It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the United States; 2) It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or national history; 3) It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values; or 4) It has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation.

In addition to having significance, resources must have integrity for the period of significance.

The period of significance is the date or span of time within which significant events transpired, or significant individuals made their important contributions. Integrity is the authenticity of a historical resource’s physical identity as evidenced by the survival of characteristics or historic fabric that existed during the resource’s period of significance.

Alterations to a resource or changes in its use over time may have historical, cultural, or architectural significance. Simply, resources must retain enough of their historic character or Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 18
appearance to be recognizable as historical resources and to convey the reasons for their significance. A resource that has lost its historic character or appearance may still have sufficient integrity for the California Register, if, under Criterion 4, it maintains the potential to yield significant scientific or historical information or specific data.

NATIVE AMERICAN HUMAN REMAINS
Sites that may contain human remains important to Native Americans must be identified and treated in a sensitive manner, consistent with state law (i.e., Health and Safety Code §7050.5 and Public Resources Code §5097.98), as reviewed below:

In the event that human remains are encountered during project development and in accordance with the Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, the County Coroner must be notified if potentially human bone is discovered. The Coroner will then determine within two working days of being notified if the remains are subject to his or her authority. If the Coroner recognizes the remains to be Native American, he or she shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) by phone within 24 hours, in accordance with Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The NAHC will then designate a Most Likely Descendant (MLD) with respect to the human remains. The MLD then has the opportunity to recommend to the property owner or the person responsible for the excavation work means for treating or disposing, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and associated grave goods.

CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, TITLE 14, SECTION 4307
This section states that “No person shall remove, injure, deface or destroy any object of paleontological, archeological or historical interest or value.”

CITY OF FRESNO HISTORIC DESIGNATION
The City of Fresno’s Historic Preservation Ordinance (Ordinance) was approved by the City Council in 1979 and revised in 1999 (Fresno Municipal Code Sect. 12, Art. 16). The purpose of the Ordinance is “to preserve, promote and improve the historic resources and districts of the City of Fresno for educational, cultural, economic and general welfare of the public....” The Ordinance establishes three categories of designation for properties in Fresno – Historic Resource, Heritage Property, and Local Historic District. The criteria for City of Fresno historic designation correspond closely with criteria established for State and National Register eligibility, and are as follows:

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HISTORIC RESOURCE DESIGNATION
The City of Fresno Historic Preservation Commission and City Council may designate any building, structure, object or site as a Historic Resource if it is found to meet the following criteria:

It has been in existence more than 50 years and it possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association, and:
a) It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad b) patterns of our history; or
c) It is associated with the lives of persons significant in or past; or d) It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction,
e) or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values; or f) It has yielded or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

Additionally, a property may be eligible for designation as an Historic Resource if it is less than 50 years old and meets the above-listed criteria, and is found to have exceptional importance within an appropriate historical context at the local, state, or national level.

HERITAGE PROPERTY DESIGNATION
Any building, structure, object or site may also be eligible for designation as a Heritage Property by the City of Fresno Historic Preservation Commission if it is found by the Commission to be worthy of preservation because of its historical, architectural or aesthetic merit.

LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION
In order for a group of properties to be designated as a Local Historic District (LHD) by the City of Fresno, there must be a finite group of resources related to one another in a clearly distinguishable way; or a geographically definable area that possesses a significant concentration, linkage or continuity of sites, buildings, structures or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development. Additionally, the proposed LHD must meet one or more of the following criteria:

1. It exemplifies or reflects special elements of the city’s cultural, social, economic, political, aesthetic, engineering, or architectural heritage; or

2. It is identified with a person or group that contributed significantly to the culture and development of the city; or

3. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period or method of construction, or is a valuable example of the use of indigenous materials or

4. craftsmanship; or

5. Structures within the area exemplify a particular architectural style or way of life to the city; or
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6. The area is related to a designated historic resource or district in such a way that it’s preservation is essential to the integrity of the designated resource or Local Historic District; or

7. The area has potential for yielding information of archaeological interest.

DEFINITION OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES Only qualified, trained paleontologists with specific expertise in the type of fossils being evaluated can determine the scientific significance of paleontological resources. Fossils are considered to be significant if one or more of the following criteria apply:

1. The fossils provide information on the evolutionary relationships and developmental trends among organisms, living or extinct;

2. The fossils provide data useful in determining the age(s) of the rock unit or sedimentary stratum, including data important in determining the depositional history of the region and the timing of geologic events therein;

3. The fossils provide data regarding the development of biological communities or interaction between paleobotanical and paleozoological biotas;

4. The fossils demonstrate unusual or spectacular circumstances in the history of life;

5. The fossils are in short supply and/or in danger of being depleted or destroyed by the elements, vandalism, or commercial exploitation, and are not found in other geographic locations.

As so defined, significant paleontological resources are determined to be fossils or assemblages of fossils that are unique, unusual, rare, uncommon, or diagnostically important. Significant fossils can include remains of large to very small aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates or remains of plants and animals previously not represented in certain portions of the stratigraphy.

Assemblages of fossils that might aid stratigraphic correlation, particularly those offering data for the interpretation of tectonic events, geomorphologic evolution, and paleoclimatology are also critically important (Scott and Springer 2003, Scott et al. 2004).

BACKGROUND

GEOLOGICAL SETTING
The Fresno West Area SP is located in the Great Valley Geomorphic Province of California.

The Great Valley or Central Valley is an alluvial plain which extends a distance of about 450 miles from the Tehachapi Mountains in the south to the Klamath Mountains in the north.

Located between the Sierra Nevada to the east and the Coast Ranges to the west, the valley has Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 21
an average width of about 50 miles. The southern half of the Great Valley is also known as the San Joaquin Valley, while the northern half is also known as the Sacramento Valley.

The valley floor can be divided into four geomorphic units, dissected uplands, low alluvial plains and fans, river flood plains and channels, and overflow lands and lake bottoms (Poland and Evenson 1966). Structurally, the valley is a northwest trending elongated asymmetrical trough that has been filled with a thick sequence of sediments ranging in age from Jurassic through to modern times (Hackel 1966).

Beginning during the Pliocene approximately 4 million years ago, plate tectonic related uplift brought the oldest rocks of the Sierra Nevada to the surface and began to create the mountains we know today (Figueroa and Knott 2011). The east side of the Great Valley is a nearly continuous series of coalescing alluvial fans, with their apices located where streams drain the west slope of the Sierra Nevada. These fans are composed of undeformed to only slightly deformed alluvial deposits laid down primarily during Plio-Pleistocene time by the streams from the uplands of the Sierra Nevada. These low relief alluvial fans form a continuous belt between the dissected uplands of the Sierra Nevada and the nearly flat surface of the Central Valley floor.

STRATIGRAPHY
The SP surface is mapped as Holocene deposits of the San Joaquin River less than 11,700 years old, the late Pleistocene Modesto Formation is between 121,000 and 11,700 years old, and the middle Pleistocene Riverbank Formation is between 774,000 and 121,000 years old (Mathews and Burnett 1965; Figure 4). While unmapped by Mathews and Burnett (1965), modern artificial fill is present in most locations where construction has previously occurred.

ARTIFICIAL FILL, MODERN
Modern fill is frequently not mapped on geologic maps due to its ubiquitous nature. If mapped it is only the largest deposits. Although fill is typically less than a few feet thick, it can be substantially thicker in the areas of overpasses, freeways, and other large earthworks. Any fossils that may be encountered therein are not scientifically significant.

RIVER DEPOSITS, HOLOCENE
River and stream deposits of the eastern San Joaquin Valley are dominated by Mesozoic granitic and metamorphic rocks of the Sierra Nevada. Sediments are dominated by sands to gravels with silt and clay-rich deposits. Clasts coarsen upstream with boulders up to several meters across being deposited near the mountains during flash floods. These deposits are unconsolidated and typically are typically very light grey in color.

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MODESTO FORMATION, LATE PLEISTOCENE
This formation is at least 9,000 years old (Janda and Croft 1967, Croft 1972) and wood from the lower member has been dated to 42,000 years old. Most of the farmland and towns in the eastern San Joaquin Valley is on young alluvium covering the Modesto Formation.

The Modesto Formation has been divided into informal upper and lower members. However, geologic mapping within the project area is not detailed enough to include this information. The upper member is usually 10 meters or less in thickness and consists of coarse arkosic sands and gravels. The lower member is typically 25 meters thick or more and consists primarily of sands with some gravels and stratified silts from channel deposits, interdistributary and floodbasin deposits, colluvium, and eolian sand (Marchand, 1976; Marchand and Allwardt, 1981).

RIVERBANK FORMATION, MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE
The middle Pleistocene Riverbank Formation is estimated to be between 130,000 and 450,000 years old. Overall the sediments of the Riverbank Formation coarsen upwards and are derived from the interior of the Sierra Nevada (Marchand 1976, Marchand and Allwardt 1981).

Three members of the Riverbank Formation have been recognized in the Fresno area. However, geologic mapping within the project area is not detailed enough to include this information. The upper member gravel was derived from the North Merced Gravel and other older gravels during later Riverbank deposition and crops out only in the north part of the project. This unit consists of upward grading alluvial silts and sands capped by a cobble conglomerate at the top. The upper member is divided from the middle member by a moderately developed paleosol. The middle member is characterized by red colored alluvial sand, silt, and gravel with paleosols.

This unit is typically 1 – 4 meters thick, thickens to the west, and represents a single aggradational unit (Marchand 1976, Marchand and Allwardt 1981).

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Figure 4. Geology of the Project area
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PREHISTORIC SETTING
PALEOINDIAN AND LOWER ARCHAIC PERIODS (11,500–5,550 CAL B.C.) Few archaeological sites that predate 5,000 years ago have been discovered in the region. Near the end of the Pleistocene (approximately 9,050 cal B.C.) and during the early Middle Holocene (approximately 5,550 cal B.C.), there were periods of climate change and associated alluvial deposition throughout the central California lowlands (Rosenthal et al. 2007:151). Recent geoarchaeological studies (e.g., Meyer and Rosenthal 2008; Rosenthal and Meyer 2004a, 2004b; White 2003) have verified that large segments of the Late Pleistocene landscape were removed or buried by periodic episodes of deposition or erosion during the Middle Holocene. This confirms hypotheses that Paleoindian and Lower Archaic sites were buried during the last 5,000 to 6,000 years by deposits of Holocene alluvium up to 10 meters thick along the lower stretches of the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River drainage systems. Archaeological evidence for the Paleoindian Period is scant, comprised primarily by fluted projectile points.

The Lower Archaic Period is also mainly represented by isolated finds, such as at the Tulare Lake basin in the southern San Joaquin Valley (Rosenthal et al. 2007:151-152). As a consequence of the natural alluvial deposition processes, only one site on the valley floor has produced cultural material dating to this period, and featured stone tools, remains of birds, fish and shellfish but no plant remains or milling tools. At two Lower Archaic Period sites in the foothills of Calaveras County, abundant handstones and milling slabs have been recovered.

MIDDLE ARCHAIC PERIOD (5550–550 CAL B.C.)
Middle Archaic Period archaeological sites are more common in the foothills, particularly in buried contexts between circa 4,050 and 2,050 cal B.C., and are relatively scarce on the valley floor due to burial by natural processes (Rosenthal et al. 2007:153). The change in climate and rising sea levels at the start of the Middle Holocene led to the development of the extensive marshland known as the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Atwater and Belknap 1980; Goman and Wells 2000). The archaeological record indicates groups followed a seasonal foraging strategy and exploited a wide range of natural resources, including a variety of large and small mammals, fish, waterfowl, and plant resources (Fredrickson 1973; Heizer 1949; Ragir 1972; Moratto 1984).

It is also likely that groups occupied higher elevations in the summer and shifted to lower elevations during the winters (Moratto1984:206), and that residential stability along river corridors within the Central Valley increased during this period (Rosenthal et al. 2007:153).

Faunal remains recovered from Middle Archaic sites include tule elk, deer, pronghorn, and rabbits, while fish remains include salmon, sturgeon, and smaller fishes. Seeds or acorns apparently formed an important part of the diet during this period (Moratto 1984:201; Rosenthal et al. 2007:153, 155), and milling implements found at sites include grinding slabs and handstones, as well as mortars and pestles.

Spears, angling hooks, composite bone hooks, and baked clay artifacts that may have been used as net or line sinkers represent the variety of fishing implements found at sites dating to this Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 25
period. Other baked clay items include pipes and discoids, as well as cooking “stones.” Impressions of twined basketry, bone tools, shell beads, and ground and polished charmstones have also been recovered. A variety of grave goods accompanied burials in cemetery areas, which were separate from habitation areas. The presence during the Middle Archaic of an established trade network is indicated by a variety of exotic cultural materials, including obsidian tools, quartz crystals, and Olivella shell beads.

UPPER ARCHAIC PERIOD (550 CAL B.C.–CAL A.D. 1100)
The Upper Archaic Period features more specialized technology, with innovations and new types of bone tools, Olivella shell beads, Haliotis ornaments, charmstones, and ceremonial blades. An abundance of grinding tools (mortars and pestles) and plant remains, accompanied by a decrease in slab milling stones and handstones, indicates a shift to a greater reliance on acorns as a dietary staple during the Upper Archaic Period (Fredrickson 1974:125; Moratto 1984:209; Wohlgemuth 2004; Rosenthal et al. 2007:156). A wide variety of natural resources were exploited during this period. Subsistence strategies varied regionally, focusing on seasonally available resources suited for harvesting in bulk, such as salmon, shellfish, deer, rabbits, and acorns (Rosenthal et al. 2007:156). Numerous large shell mounds dating to this period are located near fresh or salt water and indicate exploitation of aquatic resources was relatively intensive. The accumulations of cultural debris and habitation features, such as rock-lined ovens, house floors, burials, hearths, and fire-cracked rock, reflect long-term residential occupation (Bouey 1995:348-349).

In the western margins of the San Joaquin Valley, discrete cemeteries date to the Upper Archaic Period (Meyer and Rosenthal 1998; Olsen and Payen 1969; Pritchard 1970). In the southern San Joaquin Valley, villages on the shores of Buena Vista Lake were occupied year-round (Rosenthal et al. 2007:157). Trade in marine shell beads and obsidian, among other items, continued to be important.

EMERGENT/LATE PREHISTORIC PERIOD (CAL A.D. 1100–HISTORIC CONTACT) The archaeological record in the Central Valley for the Emergent or Late Prehistoric Period documents an increase in the diversity and number of artifacts and in the number of archaeological sites (Rosenthal et al. 2007:157-159). Along with an increase in sedentism and population that led to the development of social stratification, with an elaborate ceremonial and social organization, a number of cultural innovations shaped the Emergent Period. These include the introduction of the bow and arrow and more diverse fishing equipment (bone fish hooks, harpoons, and gorge hooks). Fishing, hunting, and gathering plant foods continue as the foci of subsistence practices, including intensive harvesting of acorns and an increased emphasis on fishing (Rosenthal et al. 2007:158-159). Hopper mortars and shaped mortars and pestles, as well as bone awls used for producing coiled baskets, are common. Locally made Cosumnes Brownware has been recovered from some sites in the lower Sacramento Valley, while pottery in the Tulare basin was obtained through trade. Baked clay balls, probably used for cooking in the absence of stone, remain common.

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Ceremonial and ritual items include flanged tubular pipes and baked clay effigies representing humans and animals. Clamshell disk beads were used as currency and accompanied the development of extensive exchange networks. Mortuary practices included flexed burials, the cremation of high-status individuals, and pre-interment burning of offerings in grave pits (Fredrickson 1973:127-129; Moratto 1984:211). Overall, the cultural patterns known from historic period Native American groups inhabiting the Central Valley are reflected in the subsistence and land use patterns practiced during the Emergent Period (Rosenthal et al. 2007:157-158).

ETHNOGRAPHY
The Fresno West Area SP is located within the traditional territory of the Yokuts. Historically, the Yokuts people collectively inhabited the San Joaquin Valley as well as the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada from the Calaveras River southward to the Kern River (Kroeber 1925).

Ethnographers and linguists have traditionally divided Yokuts into three geographic groups, based on linguistic similarities and differences: Northern Valley, Southern Valley, and Foothill.

The SP is located in the area historically occupied by the Northern Valley Yokuts according to Kroeber (1925: 462), who suggested that they lived along the San Joaquin River. The Northern Valley Yokuts tribes’ territory extended southward from the Calaveras River to the upper San Joaquin River and from the crest of the Coast (Diablo) Range east to the Sierra Nevada foothills.

Information on the Yokuts lifeways has been compiled by Kroeber (1925:474-543), Wallace (1978:462-470), and Latta (1977) and is summarized here. The Northern Valley Yokuts grouping consisted of 11 or more tribes, each containing 300 or so people (Wallace 1978:462-466). Most members lived within a single settlement that often had the same name as the political unit.

These were generally established on low rises along the major watercourses. The eastern side of the San Joaquin River was more heavily populated than the land to the west of the river, due to greater water availability. A village generally contained at least three types of structures – oval single-family dwellings made of tule, ceremonial chambers, and sweathouses (Wallace 1978:465). According to Kroeber’s informants, a tribe of Yokuts known as the Hewchi lived close to the SP, near Fresno River (1925: 470).

The fundamental economy of the Yokuts was subsistence fishing, hunting, and collecting plant foods. Acorns, collected in the fall and then stored in granaries, were a staple food (Wallace 1978:464). During the fall and spring runs, salmon was a dietary mainstay. Wildfowl, such as geese and ducks, were also an important staple. Additional dietary plant parts included seeds, berries and tule roots. Large game included deer, elk, antelope, and black bears.

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A wide variety of tools, implements, and enclosures were used by the Northern Valley Yokuts to gather, collect, and process food resources (Kroeber 1925:527; Latta 1977; Wallace 1978:464- 465). These included bow and arrows, nets, traps, slings, and blinds for hunting land mammals and birds; and harpoons, hooks, and nets, as well as tule rafts. Sharpened digging sticks and woven tools (seed beaters, burden baskets, and carrying nets) would have been used to collect plant resources and a variety of implements (stone mortars and pestles, bedrock and portable mortars, stone knives, and bone tools) used for processing resources. The Northern Valley Yokuts traded with neighboring groups for bows and arrows, baskets, shell ornaments and beads, obsidian, and mussels and abalone (Wallace 1978:465).

The San Joaquin Valley was never settled during the Spanish and Mexican periods, but influences from the coastal missions and presidios were felt inland by the late 1700s. By 1805, Northern Valley Yokuts were transported to the San José, Santa Clara, Soledad, San Juan Bautista, and San Antonio missions that were established during the Spanish era (Wallace 1978:468-469). Later, disease and military raids claimed many lives during the Mexican period, followed by displacement during the early American Period by gold seekers and farmers.

Pre-contact population density for Northern Valley Yokuts has been estimated at 25,000 to 31,000 (Wallace 1978:463). In 1852, representatives of only three Northern Valley Yokuts tribes (including the Heuchi) remained to sign one of a series of statewide treaties (Wallace 1978:469).

Today, people of Yokuts descent live on the Tule River Reservation in Tulare County and on three rancherias: Picayune in Madera County at Coarsegold, Santa Rosa in Kings County, and Table Mountain in Fresno County near Friant. Some Foothill Yokuts also live with Central Sierran Miwok on the Tuolumne Rancheria in Tuolumne County.

HISTORIC SETTING

SPANISH EXPLORATION
Juan Cabrillo was the first European to sail along the coast of California in 1542 and was followed in 1602 by Sebastian Vizcaino (Bean and Rawls 1993). The Spanish colonization of what was then known as Alta California began with the 1769 overland expedition, led by Gaspar de Portolá, with a crew of 63 men, in order to explore the land between San Diego and Monterey. Between 1769 and 1822, the Spanish had colonized California and established missions, presidios, and pueblos and documented the people and landscape along the way (McCawley 1996).

Following the Portolá Expedition, vast tracts of land were granted to the missions. The goals of the missions were tri-fold: they establish a Spanish presence on the west coast, proselytize Christianity to the native peoples, and served to exploit the native population as laborers. The Spanish also hoped each mission would become a town center, whereas, “the pueblo would Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 28
receive a ground of four square leagues of land… and other property would be parceled out among the Indians”. The missionaries, or padres, would essentially serve as a mayor, or head of the town (Bean 1968).

MEXICAN PERIOD
In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain and worked to lessen the wealth and power held by the missions. The Secularization Act was passed in 1833, appropriating the vast mission lands to the Mexican governor and downgrading the missions’ status to that of parish churches.

The governor then redistributed the former mission lands, in the form of land grants, to private owners (Bean and Rawls 1993). The lands were typically granted to soldiers who proved their loyalty to the Mexican government once liberated from the Spanish crown.

CITY OF FRESNO
The County of Fresno was founded in 1856 from portions of Tulare, Merced, and Mariposa Counties. In 1872, Central Pacific Railroad, predecessor to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, arrived in the San Joaquin Valley. The local train station, “Fresno Station,” represented the epicenter of Fresno (Planning Resource Associates, Inc. 2008).

Fresno’s original site plan was organized on a grid system which extended eastward from the Central Pacific Railroad tracks along what is currently H Street. In 1872, the Railroad began selling lots to entrepreneurs and by the end of the year Fresno consisted of a few residential homes, multiple livery stables, four restaurants and hotels, and two stores (Planning Resource Associates, Inc. 2008).

In 1874, the Fresno county seat was transferred from Millerton, which had experienced years of floods and a catastrophic fire, to the City of Fresno (Hoover & Kyle 2002). Fresno’s new position as the county seat resulted in a boost of prosperity and by 1885 Fresno was incorporated with a population of approximately 2,000 (Victor Gruen Associates 1968).

Fresno’s economic success came from its agricultural production in conjunction with the railroad. Fresno County became the number one agricultural producer in California in addition to one of the nation’s best producers of cotton, figs, grapes, and raisins (Hoover & Kyle 2002).

In 1911, the Sun-Maid Raison Cooperative was founded in the City of Fresno as the principlepacking center and hosted multiple packinghouses throughout the City (Hattersley-Drayton 2013). To this day, Fresno County is ranked as the nation’s highest agricultural producer with annual sales totaling over $3 billion per annum.

By the late 1890s and early 1900s, Fresno’s population and economy continued to grow with the U.S. Census showing the City’s population doubling from 12,470 in 1900 to 24,892 in 1910 (U.S. Census 1910). The Fresno City Board of Trustees approved the establishment of the City’s first planning commission in 1916, in anticipation of further growth. By 1923 the plans were Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 29
adopted and included parks and recreation centers, streets to accommodate the increased population (Planning Resource Associates, Inc. 2008).

Fresno’s early 20th century residential development located north of the downtown area caused the expansion of the electric Fresno Street Railway established in 1888. The Railway was later taken over by the Fresno City Railway Company in 1901 and built northward to connect the suburban areas to the City’s center. The electric streetcar would remain the primary form of mass transit in Fresno City until its replacement by the bus by 1939 (Planning Resource Associates, Inc. 2008).

During the Post-War Economic Boom (1945-1973), the population shifted from Fresno’s center to the newly developed suburbs as a result of increased population and increase in personal car ownership. This shift in population caused the decline of the City’s urban center and in the 1960s, Fresno began an urban revitalization project for downtown resulting in the construction of the Fulton Mall in 1964. This six-block pedestrian mall was considered an innovative model and effective response to what was considered at the time to be America’s “Urban Crisis” (Victor Gruen Associates 1968).

During the 1970s to 1990s, development continued to expand outwards from Fresno’s City center.

PROJECT AREA HISTORY
The Fresno West SP boundaries are defined by Clinton Avenue at its southern boundary, North Grantland Avenue at its western boundary, and the SR-99 running northwest/southeast connecting the northern end of Grantland Avenue to the eastern end of Clinton Avenue.

Historic topographic maps, from 1923 (Bullard 7.5x15 minute) to approximately 1965 (Fresno North 7.5 minute) show the vast majority of the SP occupied by farmland and various farmhouses. The Post-War Economic Boom (1945-1973) is depicted in historic aerials from 1962 and 1972 as an increase in tract homes on previous agricultural land as the population shifted from urban to suburban locations. The tract homes spread west of SR-99 through the SP.

By 1998, nearly a third of the Fresno West Area SP is developed and closely resembles the area’s built environment at it exists today.

RECORD SEARCHES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

PALEONTOLOGY
A search for paleontological records was completed by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM; McLeod 2019; Appendix B). Published literature, unpublished Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 30
paleontological reports, and fossil databases were also searched for fossil records (Jefferson 1991a, 1991b; Hilton et al. 2000; Finger 2017; UCMP 2019; PBDB 2019).

No fossils are known from the Fresno area. However, fossils have been found in the same formations as occur within the Fresno West Area SP.

ARTIFICIAL FILL
Although fossils may occur in artificial fill, any present would not be in situ and therefore not scientifically relevant.

RIVER DEPOSITS
Being less than 11,700 years old, these sediments are too young to contain the remains of extinct animals.

MODESTO FORMATION LOCALITIES
In Fresno County, the Modesto Formation has produced fossils of mammoth (0F 1 †Mammuthus sp.)
and a camel (†Camelidae) from two localities (UCMP V99829, UCMP V99830; UCMP 2019).

The number of fossils recovered from the Modesto Formation in Merced County has increased greatly in the past few years. Along State Route 99 (SR-99) 1,667 late Pleistocene fossils were found between 7 and 26 feet below the original ground surface in excavations associated with the construction of the new Le Grand Road overpass:

Except for one locality found in a paleosol, all fossils were recovered from sandy stream and adjacent slow moving water and flooding (overbank) environments. Most fossils were not recovered from the streams themselves but instead were from the adjacent sediments. The presence of abundant root traces and caliche (calcium carbonate) provides evidence of plants and occasional drying events.

Large mammals identified include Columbian mammoth (†Mammuthus columbi), giant ground sloth (†Paramylodon harlani), yesterday’s camel (†Camelops hesternus), llama (†Hemiauchenia sp.), ancient bison (†Bison antiquus), horses of at least two types (†Equus occidentalis and †E. conversidens), and deer (Odocoileus hemionius). In addition, partial specimens were assigned to †Proboscidea (fossil elephant, probably mammoth), and undifferentiated hooved mammal (Ungulata). Carnivores identified include dire wolf (†Canis dirus), coyote (Canis latrans) and cougar (Felis concolor).

Small mammals identified include jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), Audubon’s and

1 † - Indicates that the species, or for higher taxonomy, the species that could be present is extinct.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 31
Bachman’s rabbits (Sylvilagus auduboni and S. bachmani), rabbits of indeterminate species (Sylvilagus sp.), ground squirrel (Spermophilus sp.), kangaroo rat (Dipodomys sp.), pack rat (Neotoma sp.), and pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae). Mice include the meadow mouse or vole (Microtus sp.), pocket mouse (Perognathus sp.), deer mouse (Peromyscus sp.), and harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys sp.).

Birds identified include Canada goose (Branta canadensis), California quail (Calipepla californica), western scrub jay (Aphelocoma californica), northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), American robin (Turdus migratorius), western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) and sparrow (Zonotrichia sp.). Fishes were restricted to minnows (Cyprinidae) and three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

Western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) appears to be the only type of turtle present.

Other reptiles were only identified to group. These are snakes of the gopher snake family (Colubridae) and rattlesnake (Crotalus sp.). Similarly, specimens of frog and toad are present but could not be identified more specifically.

The presence of bison and dire wolf together indicates the fossil fauna is within the Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age. The overall assemblage indicates a grassland environment with creeks and streams. [Gust, Scott, and Richards 2012] A fossil of elephant (†Proboscidea) is known from the Modesto Formation in Ash Slough just northeast of Chowchilla (LACM 7254), Madera County (McLeod 2019).

Based on the number of fossils recovered from the Modesto Formation along SR-99 at Le Grand Road in Merced County, fossils recovered during excavations for the new Sandy Mush Road overpass are most likely from the Modesto Formation as well. Numerous Pleistocene fossils including the palate and tusk of a subadult mammoth were found during construction (Stewart personal communication 2015).

Locally, a records search for the City of Clovis in Fresno County from the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) reported no fossil localities within the city limits in either the Modesto and/or Riverbank formation (Finger 2017). While the City of Clovis General Plan update (City of Clovis 2014) stated that fossils have been recovered within the City previously, further investigations found that the source of this statement was a technical study prepared by the San Bernardino County Museum for the 1993 General Plan update. This study references the fact that fossils have been found in the Great Valley in the Riverbank and Turlock Lake Formations and from Pleistocene river terraces. The study inaccurately attributes large mammal fossils as having been recovered within the City of Clovis from river terraces and no fossils are currently known within the City of Clovis.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 32

RIVERBANK FORMATION LOCALITIES
In Fresno, County the Riverbank Formation has produced fossils of horse (†Equus sp.; UCMP 2019). Fossils previously attributed to the Riverbank formation at Fairmead Landfill in Madera County have been reassigned to the middle to early Pleistocene Turlock Lake Formation (Dundas et al. 1996) which does not appear in the current study area. In Sacramento County, the Riverbank Formation has produced fossils of Harlan’s ground sloth (†Paramylodon harlani), dire wolf (†Canis dirus), coyote (Canis latrans), Columbian mammoth (†Mammuthus columbi), horse (†Equus sp.), yesterday’s camel (†Camelops hesternus), ancient bison (†Bison antiquus), antelope (Antilocapridae), deer (Cervidae), rabbit (Leporidae), pocket gopher (Thomomys sp.), woodrat (Neotoma sp.), squirrel (Sciurus sp.), broad-footed mole (Scapanus latimanus), gartersnake (Thamnophis sp.), and Sacramento blackfish (Orthodon sp.; Hilton et al. 2000).

CULTURAL

CALIFORNIA HISTORIC RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM
The purpose of the cultural records search is to identify all previously recorded cultural resources (prehistoric and historic archaeological sites, historic buildings, structures, objects, or districts) within the Fresno West Area SP. All cultural resources, as well as cultural resource surveys, performed within the Fresno West Area SP boundaries were reviewed.

Cogstone archaeologist, Holly Duke, requested a search of the California Historic Resources Information System (CHRIS) from the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (SSJVIC) located at California State University, Bakersfield on July 30, 2019, which included the entire SP. Results of the record search indicate that 36 previous studies have been completed within the SP (Table 2).

Table 2. Previous Studies within the Fresno West Area SP REPORT
NO.
(FR-)

AUTHOR(S) TITLE YEAR
00069 Hudlow, Scott M. and
de la Garza, Theresa
A Phase I Architectural Survey for the Highway City Specific Plan Area City of Fresno, California
1996
00135 Hatoff, Brian, Voss,
Barb, Waechter,
Sharon, Benté,
Vance, and Wee,
Stephen
Cultural Resources Inventory Report for the Proposed Mojave Northward Expansion Project.
1995
00166 Kus, James S. Negative Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed Fresno Housing Authority Clinton Avenue Project
1994
00191 Wren, Donald G. An Archaeological Survey: Central Unified School District Stadium Project
1998
00271 Bissonnette, Linda
Dick
Cultural Resources Survey for Central unified School District Adult School, Fresno County, California
1991
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 33
REPORT
NO.
(FR-)

AUTHOR(S) TITLE YEAR
00287 Bissonnette, Linda
Dick
Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment: Central Unified School District, Milburn/Dakota Elementary School Site, Fresno County, California
1992
00294 Bissonnette, Linda
Dick
Cultural Resources Assessment for the Central Unified School District, New High School Project, Northwest of Dakota and Cornelia Avenues, Fresno County
1993
00302 Bissonnette, Linda
Dick
Grantland Avenue Sewer Trunk and Herndon Expressway
Cultural Resources Assessment
1994
00393 Dondero, Steven Negative Archaeological Survey Report for the Herndon Avenue Overcrossing, Fresno County
1988
00433 Davis, Alan, Dick,
Linda, and Varner,
Dudley
An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Gates Substation to the Proposed Gregg Substation 500 KV Transmission Line, Fresno and Madera Counties
1977
00447 Jackson, Scott R. Environmental Impact Evaluation: An Archaeological Assessment of God's Family Church Property, Fresno County, California
1990
00677 Roop, William A Cultural Resources Evaluation of Tracts 4488 (APN 311-031- 24) and 4581 (APN 404-071-17), Fresno, Fresno County,
California
1993
00760 Varner, Dudley M. Highway City Sewer Project (Improvement Dist. #166) 1974 01640 Binning, Jeanne Day Negative Archaeological Survey Report Installation of Traffic Surveillance Stations along Interstate 5, State Route 41, and State Route 99 in Madera and Fresno Counties
1999
01656 Wren, Donald G. A Cultural Resource Study: Stormwater Retention Basin EN and EO, Fresno County, California
2000
01702 Wren, Donald G. A Cultural Resource Study: Basin CD Project, Fresno County, California
2001
01710 Szeto, Andy Site Location Map and Site Description for PL-754-01 1998 01808 Wren, Donald G. An Archaeological Survey Central Unified Education Center, Fresno County, California
2002
01811 Hildebrand, Karen
and Roper, C.

Kristina
Hardpan and Adobe Brick: A National Register Evaluation of Two Highway City Adobe Buildings, Fresno, California
1997
01942 Hudlow, Scott M. and
de la Garza, Theresa
A Phase I Architectural Survey for the Highway City Specific Plan Area, City of Fresno, California
1996
01953 Wren, Donald G. Draft Environmental Impact Report: Central Unified Education Center: State Clearinghouse No. 2002021064
2002
02029 Brady, Jon L. Historic Property Survey for the Proposed La Estancia Housing Project, Fresno, California
2004
02212 Nettles, Wendy M. Phase I Cultural Resources Study of Assessor's Parcel No. 311- 140-14, 5901 W. Shaw Avenue, Fresno, California
2006
02227 Losee, Caroyln New Tower Submission Packet, FCC Form 620 2006 02256 Hobbs, Kelly Historic Property Survey Report: State Route 99/Shaw Avenue Interchange Improvement Project, Fresno, California
2002
02256 Brady, Jon Underground Caverns 4951 N. Dale, Fresno California, Historic Evaluation and Determination of Significance
2000
02256 Kiaha, Krista Archaeological Survey Report for the Shaw Avenue Interchange Reconstruction at State Route 99 Fresno County, California 2001
02256 Hobbs, Kelly Historic Architecture Survey Report/Historic Resource Evaluation for State Route 99/Shaw Avenue Interchange
Improvements
2002
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 34
REPORT
NO.
(FR-)

AUTHOR(S) TITLE YEAR
02256 Unknown Public Information Meeting Summary Report State Route 99/Shaw Avenue Interchange Reconstruction Project
2001
02336 Brady, Jon L. Historic Property Survey for the Horizon Enterprises Property 6785 & 6825 West Barstow Avenue in the City of Fresno,
California
2008
02348 Roper, C. Kristina A Cultural Resources Survey of the Bella Serra Residential / Commercial Development, Herndon, Fresno County, California 2007
02405 Lanner, David Archaeological Survey Report Herndon Interchange Improvements Project, Fresno County
2010
02408 Lanner, David Archaeological Survey Report for the Island Park and North Fresno Six Lane Expansion in Fresno County and Madera County 2008
02408 Deocampo, Daniel First Supplemental Extended Phase I Report Geoarchaeological Investigations for the Island Park Six-Lane Project, Fresno and Madera Counties, California
2008
02408 Deocampo, Daniel Final Extended Phase I Report Geoarchaeological Investigations for the Island Park Six-Lane Project, Fresno and Madera Counties, California
2007
02408 Vallejo, Philip Historical Resource Evaluation Report Island Park Six-Lane Project, Fresno and Madera Counties, California
2008
02408 Lanner, David Historic Property Survey Report Proposed Highway 99 Six-Lane Expansion, Fresno County and Madera County, California
2008
02431 Hibma, Michael Historical Resources Evaluation Report for the Veterans Boulevard/State Route 99 Interchange and Grade Separations Project, Fresno, Fresno County, California
2010
02454 Whitehouse, John and
Blind, Heather
Historic Property Survey Report for the Veterans Boulevard/State Route 99 Interchange and Grade Separations Project, Fresno, Fresno County, California, Caltrans District 6, EA#06-OH3600 2010
02711 Stoyka, Michael Survey for Island Park ASR and HPSR for the Bridge Replacement at Highway 99 and the San Joaquin River, Fresno County, California
2013
02721 Brady, Jon L. and
Brady, Justin M.

Archaeological Survey Report for the Proposed New Community Health Center, 4711 West Ashlan Avenue, Fresno, Fresno
County, California
2015
02722 Anderson, Katherine
and Vader, Michael
Fresno Recycled Water Distribution System Project, Phase I Cultural Resources Study, Fresno County, California
2015
02728 Anderson, Katherine
and Vader, Michael
Recycled Water Distribution System, Southwest Quadrant: Phase I Cultural Resources Study
2017
02775 Losee, Carolyn Cultural Resources Investigation for AT&T Mobility CVL02290 "Polk" 5957 West Shields Avenue, Fresno City and County, California
2016
The results of the records search indicates a total of 82 cultural resources have been previously recorded within the SP (Table 3). Of these cultural resources, four are historic archaeological sites and 78 are historic built environment resources.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 35
Table 3. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources within the Fresno West Area SP

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
003110 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1935
located at Parkway Drive
(Building 14).
1996 Unevaluated
003111 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 5055 Parkway
Drive.
1996 Unevaluated
003112 - Historic
Resource
Parkway Mini Mart
constructed in 1920
located at 5510 Parkway
Drive.
1996 Unevaluated
003113 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed between
1935 and 1940 located at
5085 Parkway Drive.
1996 Unevaluated
003114 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 5100 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003115 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1935
located at 5086 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003116 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 5070 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003117 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 5066 Lola
Street
1996 Unevaluated
003118 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1945
located at 5060 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003119 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1910
located at 5040 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003120 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5010 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003121 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1925
located at 5945 W. Shaw
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 36

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
003122 - Historic
Resource
Farm with single-family
residence, sales shed,
carport and associated
farm buildings
constructed in 1935
located at 5507 W Shaw
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003123 - Historic
Resource
Farm with frame
farmhouse constructed
1900-1910 and Adobe
structure constructed
1885, located at 5901 W.

Shaw Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003124 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5865 W. Shaw
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003125 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5807 W. Shaw
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003126 - Historic
Resource
Adobe structure
constructed in 1900
located at UTM 11S
241850 mE, 4077145
mN.
1996 Unevaluated
003127 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1920
located at 5765 W. Shaw
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003128 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence,
half adobe structure half
stucco covered frame,
constructed in 1940
located at 5787 West
Shaw Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003129 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5739 West
Shaw Avenue
1996 Unevaluated
003130 - Historic
Resource
West Shaw Market
constructed in 1930 and
located at 5591 West
Shaw Avenue
1996 Unevaluated
003131 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5585 West
Shaw Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003132 - Historic
Resource
Highway City Feed & Pet
Supplies constructed in
1930 and located at 5525
West Shaw Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 37

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
003133 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1925
located at 4943 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003134 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 4933 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003135 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4921 Lola
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003136 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 4978 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003137 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4966 Lola
Street.
1996) Unevaluated
003138 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1945
located at 5540 Fairmont
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003139 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5530 Fairmont
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003140 - Historic
Resource
Peluso's Grocery
constructed in 1920 and
located at 5495 West
Shaw Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003141 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4965 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003142 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 4953 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003143 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1925
located at 4947 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003144 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 4937 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003145 - Historic
Resource
Two single-family
residences constructed in
1900-1925 located at
5490 Fairmont Street.
1996 Unevaluated
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 38

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
003146 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5474 Fairmont
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003147 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 5464 Fairmont
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003148 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1935
located at 5440 Fairmont
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003149 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 4966 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003150 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1940
located at 4960 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003151 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4950 Polk
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003152 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1920
located at 4907 State
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003153 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4917 North
State Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003154 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4925 N. State
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003155 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1935
located at 4935 State
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003156 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1910
located at 5463 Fairmont
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003157 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1910-1920
located at 5383 Fairmont
Avenue.
1996 Unevaluated
003158 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4846 Cornelia
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 39

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
003159 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1925
located at 4843 North
Parkway Drive.
1996 Unevaluated
003160 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1925
located at 4853 N.

Parkway Drive.
1996 Unevaluated
003161 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4884 Barcus
Street.
1996 Unevaluated
003930
003109H
Historic
Archaeological
Site
Biola Branch Extension
Railroad connecting
Biola to Kerman in
Fresno County. Consists
of a 1,417 foot long and
14 foot wide segment
with three features:
concrete flow-control
irrigation box, concrete
irrigation culvert and
concrete pad constructed
in 1929-1930 located 0.5
miles south of the
intersection of West
Shaw Avenue and
Howard Avenue.
1998
1999
2002
2004
2009
2010
2013
2015
2016
2018
Unevaluated
004701 003194 Historic
Archaeological
Site
Two adjacent concrete
pads and broken glass
scatter located on the
south side of West Shaw
Avenue, east of Polk
Avenue.
2001 Unevaluated
004702 003195H Historic
Archaeological
Site
Empty field with sparse
historic artifact scatter.

Dating to late 19th to late
20th century, artifacts
include a well casing and
pump, glass, PVC pipe,
marble fragments, tile,
ceramics, porcelain and
concrete fragments.
2001 Unevaluated
004975 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1922
located at 5453 West
Fairmont Avenue.
1997 Unevaluated
004976 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1939
located at 4858 North
Barcus Avenue.
1997 Unevaluated
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 40

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
004977 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1946
located at 5531 West
Fairmont Avenue.
1997 Unevaluated
004978 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1932
located at 4909 North
Polk Avenue.
1997 Unevaluated
004988 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1926
located at 5463 West
Fairmont Avenue.
1997 Unevaluated
005205 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1910
located at 4884 North
Barcus Avenue.
1997 Unevaluated
005391 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
and vineyard constructed
in 1925-1948 located at
3646 North Cornelia
Avenue.
2004 Unevaluated
005392 - Historic
Resource
St. Mary's Parish Church,
Parsonage, and ancillary
buildings constructed in
1945 located at 4636
West Dakota Avenue.
2004 Unevaluated
005573
CA-FRE003608H
Historic
Resource
Herndon Canal,
constructed with earthen
levees shored with
poured concrete or rock
and cement. Constructed
circa 1891 and is located
within APNs 50506008,
50506074, 50506007,
50506016S, 50506043
and 50506017.
2001
2006
2009
2010
Unevaluated
005648
CA-FRE003424H
Historic
Archaeological
Site
Historic San Joaquin
River Quarry site
constructed in 1914-1945
consisting of four
features: two subsurface
oil tanks, one subsurface
oil tank with fourchambered concrete oil
sump, one weight scale
(concrete pad) and one
concrete support
structure. Loose historic
artifact scatter consisting
of broken glass, iron
pipe, milled lumber,
broken concrete and cast
2007 Unevaluated
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 41

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
iron fragments. The site
is located 300 feet to the
west of Highway 99.
005816 - Historic
Resource
Property consisting of
eight buildings: one
adobe residence, one
wood frame residence,
two detached garages,
one barn, one shed, one
adobe fumigating
building one pump house,
and one metal pole barn.

Constructed in 1943 and
located at 6785 West
Barstow Avenue.
2008
2010
Unevaluated
005829 - Historic
Resource
Epstein Canal; Fresno
Irrigation District, 1943.
2008
2010
Unevaluated
006002 - Historic
Resource
Unnamed canal/aqueduct
consisting of an
approximately 2000 foot
segment of earthen-lined,
above ground canal, in
between shallow levees.

Constructed circa 1915
and located at 6506 West
Barstow Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006003 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1959
located at 6572 West
Barstow Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006004 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1948
located at 6594 West
Barstow Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006005 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1951
located at 6610 W.

Barstow Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006006 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1956
locates at 6844 West
Barstow Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006007 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1924
located at 7018 West
Barstow Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006008 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1957
located at 6526 West
Shaw Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 42

PRIMARY
NO.
(P-10)

TRINOMIAL
NO.
(CA-FRE-)

RESOURCE
TYPE

RESOURCE

DESCRIPTION
YEAR

RECORDED
NRHP/
CRHR
STATUS
006009 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1920
located at 6665 West
Shaw Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006010 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1954
located at 6730 West
Shaw Avenue.
2010 Unevaluated
006027 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1949
located at 4901 North
Polk Avenue.
2001 Unevaluated
006028 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1930
located at 4951 North
Lola Avenue.
2001 Unevaluated
006029 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1945
located at 4967 North
Lola Avenue.
2001 Unevaluated
006030 - Historic
Resource
Single-family residence
constructed in 1949
located at 5075 North
Parkway Avenue.
2001 Unevaluated
006031 - Historic
Resource
Marcelli Terrace is a 12
building housing
complex consisting of
single story wood framed
duplexes. Constructed in
1952 and located at 5323
West Fairmont Avenue.
2001 Unevaluated
006130
CA-FRE003609H
Historic
Resource
Herndon-Kearney
Transmission Line is an
approximately one-mile
segment consisting of six
steel lattice towers with
each tower conveying a
single circuit, of two sets
of three, conductors and a
pair of aerial ground
wires. Constructed in
1946-1963 located south
of the Herndon
Substation crossing over
State Route 99.
2010 Unevaluated

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 43

OTHER SOURCES
In addition to the SSJVIC records search, a variety of sources were consulted in August 2019 to obtain information regarding the cultural context of the Project Area (Table 4). Sources included the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR), California Historical Resources Inventory (CHRI), California Historical Landmarks (CHL), and California Points of Historical Interest (CPHI). Specific information about the Project Area, obtained from historic-era maps and aerial photographs, is presented in the Project Area History section.

Table 4. Additional Sources Consulted

SOURCE RESULTS
National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP; 1979-2002 & supplements)
Negative.

Historic USGS Topographic Maps Historic topographic maps, from 1923 (Bullard 7.5x15 minute) to approximately 1965 (Fresno North 7.5 minute map) the vast majority of the Project area was occupied by farmland and various farmhouses. By 1972-1981 (Fresno North, 7.5 min.), significant development is shown spreading throughout the Project Area, appearing similar in development density as it does today.

Historic US Department of
Agriculture (USDA) Aerial
Photographs
As seen in the earliest historic aerials, from 1962 and 1972 tract homes are slowly replacing farmland as they spread west of SR-99 through the Project Area. By 1998, nearly a third of the Project Area has been developed which closely resembles the area’s built environment at it exists today.

California Register of Historical
Resources (CRHR; 1992-2014)
Negative.

California Historical Resources
Inventory (CHRI; 1976-2014)
Negative.

California Historical Landmarks
(CHL; 1995 & supplements to 2014)
Negative.

California Points of Historical Interest
(CPHI; 1992 to 2014)
Negative.

Historical Societies 4 historical societies were contacted. No one has responded with concerns regarding the SP.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
General Land Office Records
Negative.

Local historical societies and libraries were contacted in August 2019 and included the Fresno Historical Society, Eastern Fresno County Historical Society, Fresno County Historical Museum, and the Hiebert Library at Fresno Pacific University. No additional information or comments were provided.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 44

NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION
Cogstone submitted a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search request to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on July 18, 2019. The NAHC responded on August 13, 2019, that there are known sacred lands within the Fresno West Area SP. The NAHC recommended that 13 representatives from local Native American tribal organizations be contacted for further information regarding the Project vicinity.

Consultation letters were sent via certified mail on August 20, 2019 requesting information related to cultural resources or heritage sites within the Fresno West Area SP. Additional attempts at contact were made by email or phone on September 6 and September 19, 2019. To date, three responses have been received and are summarized below. All consultation correspondence and a contact log are provided in Appendix C.  On 8/26/2019 Mr. Charley, tribal secretary for the Dunlap Band of Mono Indians, responded via phone that the SP is outside the Tribe's interest and that they would not be commenting or requesting consultation. Mr. Charley recommended contacting Big Sandy or Table Mountain Rancheria for comments.
 On 9/19/2019 Mr. Alec of the Kings River Choinumni Farm Tribe, responded via phone that the Tribe has no concerns with the SP.
 On 8/6/2019, Mr. Pennell, Cultural Resources Director of the Table Mountain Rancheria, responded with by letter stating that the Tribe is interested in the SP and requested any cultural resource reports received from the record search. Mr. Pennell requested that the City contact the Tribal office to coordinate a discussion and meeting date for the SP. On 10/7/2019 Cogstone replied to Mr. Pennell with the results of the cultural records search.

SENSITIVITY

PALEONTOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY
A multilevel ranking system was developed by professional resource managers within the BLM as a practical tool to assess the sensitivity of sediments for fossils. The Potential Fossil Yield Classification (PFYC) system (BLM 2016; Appendix D) has a multi-level scale based on demonstrated yield of fossils. The PFYC system provides additional guidance regarding assessment and management for different fossil yield rankings.

Fossil resources occur in geologic units (e.g., formations or members). The probability for finding significant fossils in a project area can be broadly predicted from previous records of Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 45
fossils recovered from the geologic units present in and/or adjacent to the study area. The geological setting and the number of known fossil localities help determine the paleontological sensitivity according to PFYC criteria
All alluvial deposits may increase or decrease in fossiliferous potential depending on how coarse the sediments are. Sediments that are close to their basement rock source are typically coarse; those farther from the basement rock source are finer. The chance of fossils being preserved greatly increases once the average size of the sediment particles is reduced to 5 mm or less in diameter. Moreover, fossil preservation also greatly increases with rapid burial in flood-plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. Remains left on the ground surface become weathered by the sun or consumed by scavengers and bacterial activity, usually within 20 years or less. So the sands, silts, and clays of flood-plains, rivers, lakes, and oceans are the most likely sediments to contain fossils.

Using the PFYC system, geologic units are classified according to the relative abundance of vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant invertebrate or plant fossils and their sensitivity to adverse impacts within the known extent of the geological unit. Although significant localities may occasionally occur in a geologic unit, a few widely scattered important fossils or localities do not necessarily indicate a higher PFYC value; instead, the relative abundance of localities is intended to be the major determinant for the value assignment.

No fossils are known from the study area or the Fresno area proper (City of Clovis 2014, Finger 2017, Dundas 2019, McLeod 2019). Although fossils may occur in artificial fill, any present would not be in situ and therefore not scientifically relevant. As such all fill has a very low potential for fossils (PFYC 1). The river deposits are assigned a low potential for fossils (PFYC 2) due to the Holocene age. While numerous fossils have been recovered from the Modesto Formation, all fossils where the depth was known were recovered more than seven feet below the below the original ground surface. The upper seven feet of the Modesto Formation are assigned a low potential for fossils (PFYC 2) due to the lack of fossils previously recovered. Modesto Formation sediments more than seven feet below the original ground surface are assigned a moderate but patchy potential for fossils (PFYC 3a) due the presence of numerous fossils found in other areas of the San Joaquin Valley. The Riverbank Formation is assigned a low potential for fossils (PFYC 2) based on the lack of fossils recovered previously (Table 5, Figure 2).

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 46
Table 5. Paleontological Sensitivity Rankings
Rock Unit
PFYC rankings
5 very
high
4 high
3a
moderate;
patchy
3b moderate;
undemonstrated 2 low
1 very
low
artificial fill, modern X
river deposits, Holocene X
Modesto Formation, late
Pleistocene
more than
7 feet deep
less than 7 feet
deep
Riverbank Formation,
middle Pleistocene X

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SENSITIVITY
No prehistoric archaeological sites have been previously recorded within the Fresno West Area SP. Unknown resources may be present.

Only four historical archaeological sites have been recorded in the Fresno West SP. Three of the historic archaeological sites are in the vicinity of the Teague School and one historic archaeological site, the San Joaquin River Quarry, is located just south of Highway 99 in the northern portion of the SP.

HISTORICAL RESOURCE SENSITIVITY
Historical resources include current and former locations of historic buildings, historical archaeological sites (often near historic use areas) and the location of extant historic homes more than 45 years old. The majority of the historic built resources are historic residences clustered around North Polk Avenue and West Acacia Avenue.

MITIGATION MEASURES
MM PAL-1. Planned mass excavations more than seven feet below the original ground surface into the Modesto Formation shall require a paleontological assessment and potentially paleontological mitigation. “Mass excavations” includes excavations conducted by excavator, scrapers, dozers, etc. which allow the context of the fossil to be observed. Context includes information such as depth/elevation, formation identification, and other data that can be critical to scientific significance. Mass excavations excludes all work conducted by augers, pile drivers, pot-holing or other similar activities where context cannot be accurately determined. If unanticipated discoveries of paleontological resources occur during construction, all work within Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 47
50 feet of the discovery should be halted until the find has been evaluated by a qualified paleontologist.

MM CUL-1. City staff shall require applicants for future proposed projects with intact extant building(s) more than 45 years old to provide a historic resource technical study evaluating the significance and data potential of the resource. If significance criteria are met, detailed mitigation recommendations are required as part of the technical study. All work shall be performed by a qualified architectural historian meeting Secretary of the Interior Standards.

MM CUL-2. The City shall have a standard condition in every grading and excavation permit that requires applicants to halt work upon discovery of any unanticipated buried cultural resources until it can be evaluated by qualified professionals. Work may resume immediately at least 50 feet away from the discovery. A list of qualified cultural resources consultants is maintained by the California Office of Historic Preservation at www.chrisinfo.org.

MM CUL-3. Unanticipated discoveries of human remains shall require immediate cessation of ground disturbance within 50 feet and notification to City staff and the Coroner and shall follow state law as stated in Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and Public Resources Code Section 5097.98.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 48

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https://www.blm.gov/policy/im-2016-124
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Dundas, R. G. (California State University, Fresno, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences)
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Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 49
Dundas, R. G., R. B. Smith, and K. L. Verosub
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preliminary report and significance. Paleobios 17(2-4):50-58.

Figueroa, A., J. Knott
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Finger, K
2017 Re: Paleo records search request for the Enterprise Canal Project, City of Clovis, Fresno County. Email Response.

Fredrickson, David A.
1973 Early Cultures of the North Coast Ranges, California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis. 1974 Cultural Diversity in Early California: A View from the North Coast Ranges. Journal of California Anthropology 1(1):41–53.

Goman, Michelle, and Lisa Wells
2000 Trends in River Flow Affecting the Northeastern Reach of the San Francisco Bay Estuary over the Past 7000 Years. Quaternary Research 54:206–217.

Gust, S. and K. Scott
2012 Paleontological mitigation plan for the Plainsburg at State Route 99 project, Merced County, California (10-MER-99; PM 0.0-5.1) EA 10-415801 Project No. 10-0000-0431. On file with Caltrans District 6.

Gust, S., K. Scott, C. Richards
2012 Paleontological monitoring report for the Arboleda Drive Freeway project, State Route 99, Merced County, California (10-MER-99; P.M. 4.6/10.5; KP 7.4/16.9) EA 10-415701 Contract 06A1320.15. On file with Caltrans District 6.

Hackel, O.
1966 Summary of the geology of the Great Valley, in Bailey, E. H., ed., Geology of northern California, California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 190: 217-238.

Hay, O. P.
1927 Pleistocene of the Western Region of North America and its vertebrated animals.

Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication no. 322B.

Heizer, Robert F.
1949 The Archaeology of Central California, I: The Early Horizon. University of California Anthropological Records 12(1):1–83. Berkeley.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 50
Hilton, R.P., Dailey, D.C., and H. G. McDonald
2000 A Late Pleistocene Biota from the ARCO Arena site, Sacramento California. Paleobios 20(1):7-12.

Hattersley-Drayton, Karana
2013 “Garden of Eden: A Historic Context for Fresno’s Fig Gardens”. Copy available at https://www.fresno.gov/darm/historic-surveys/.

Hoover, M. B., & Kyle, D. E.
2002 Historic spots in California. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Janda, R. J.
1965 Quaternary alluvium near Friant, California: International Association of Quaternary Research Guidebook for Field Conference I, northern Great Basin and California, p. 128- 133.
1966 Pleistocene history and hydrology of the upper San Joaquin River, California: California Univ., Berkeley, Ph.D. thesis, 425 p.

Janda, R. J. and M. G. Croft
1967 The stratigraphic significance of a sequence of noncalcic brown soils formed on the Quaternary alluvium of the northeastern San Joaquin Valley, California, in International Association Quaternary Research, Quaternary Soils: International Association of Quaternary Research, VII Cong., Reno, Nev., Proc., v. 9, p. 158-190.

Jefferson, G. T.
1991a A Catalogue of late Quaternary Vertebrates from California: Part one, nonmarine lower vertebrate and avian taxa. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, Technical Report #5. 1991b A Catalogue of late Quaternary Vertebrates from California: Part two, Mammals.

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, Technical Report #7.

Marchand, D. E.
1976 Preliminary geologic maps showing Quaternary deposits of the Madera area, eastern San Joaquin Valley, Madera and Fresno Counties, California. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report OF-76-841, scale 1:24000.

Marchand, D. E. and Allwardt, A.
1981 Late Cenozoic Stratigraphic Units, Northeastern San Joaquin Valley, California, U.S.

Geological Survey Bulletin 1470.

Mathews, R. A. and J. L. Burnett
1965 Geologic map of California, Fresno Sheet. California Division of Mines and Geology and the Department of Conservation, scale 1:250,000.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 51
Meyer, Jack, D. Craig Young and Jeffrey S., Rosenthal
2010 Cultural Resources Inventory of Caltrans District 6/9, Rural Conventional Highways. In Volume I: A Geoarchaeological Overview and Assessment of Caltrans Districts 6 and 9.

Report prepared by Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Davis, California, for California Department of Transportation, District 6, Fresno, CA.

McCawley, W.
1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum Press/Ballena Press, Banning, California.

McLeod, S. (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 2019 Vertebrate Paleontology Records Check for paleontological resources for the proposed Fresno West Project, Cogstone Project # 4669, in the City of Fresno, Fresno County, project area. See Appendix B.

Meyer, Jack, and Jeffrey S. Rosenthal
1998 An Archaeological Investigation of Artifacts and Human Remains from CA-CCO-637, Los Vaqueros Project Area, Contra Costa County, California. Report prepared by Anthropological Studies Center, Sonoma State University Academic Foundation, Rohnert Park, California. On file, North Central Information Center. 2008 A Geoarchaeological Overview and Assessment of Caltrans District 3: Cultural Resources Inventory of Caltrans District 3 Rural Conventional Highways. Report prepared by Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Davis, California, for California Department of Transportation, District 3, Marysville, CA.

Meyer, Jack, D. Craig Young and Jeffrey S., Rosenthal
2010 Cultural Resources Inventory of Caltrans District 6/9, Rural Conventional Highways. In Volume I: A Geoarchaeological Overview and Assessment of Caltrans Districts 6 and 9.

Report prepared by Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Davis, California, for California Department of Transportation, District 6, Fresno, CA.

Moratto, Michael J.
1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, San Diego.

Olsen, W. H., and L. A. Payen
1969 Archaeology of the Grayson Site, Merced County, California. Archaeological Reports 12.

California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento Paleobiology Database (PBDB)
2019 Online records search, September 2019, http://paleodb.org/ Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 52
Pritchard, W. E.
1970 Archaeology of the Mejoulet Site, Merced County, California. Archaeological Reports 13.

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Planning Resource Associates, Inc.
2008 City of Fresno mid-century Modernism Historic Context : mid-century Modernism Historic Context. Prepared for the City of Fresno Planning & Development Department.

Poland, J. F. and Evenson, R. E.
1966 Hydrogeology and land subsidence, Great Central Valley, California, in Bailey, E. H., ed., Geology of northern California, California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 190: 239-247.

Ragir, Sonia
1972 The Early Horizon in Central California Prehistory. Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility No. 15. University of California, Berkeley.

Rosenthal, Jeffrey S., and Jack Meyer
2004a Landscape Evolution and the Archaeological Record: A Geoarchaeological Study of the Southern Santa Clara Valley and Surrounding Region. Center for Archaeological Research at Davis Publication No. 14. University of California, Davis. 2004b Cultural Resources Inventory of Caltrans District 10, Rural Conventional Highways. In Geoarchaeological Study, Vol 3., Landscape Evolution and the Archaeological Record of Central California. Report prepared by Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Davis, California.

Rosenthal, Jeffrey S., Gregory G. White, and Mark Q. Sutton 2007 The Central Valley: A View from the Catbird’s Seat. In California Prehistory:

Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, edited by Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp. 147–163. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland.

Scott, E. and K. Springer
2003 CEQA and fossil preservation in southern California. The Environmental Monitor, Winter: 4-10, 17.

Scott, E., K. Springer, and J.C. Sagebiel
2004 Vertebrate paleontology in the Mojave Desert: the continuing importance of ‘follow through’ in preserving paleontologic resources, p. 65-70, in M. W. Allen and J. Reed (eds.), The human journey and ancient life in California’s Deserts: Proceedings from the 2001 Millennium Conference. Maturango Museum Publication No. 15, Ridgecrest, California, USA.

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 53
Stewart, Richard (Central Region Paleontology Branch California Department of Transportation, District 6)
2015 Personal communications on the fossils recovered during excavations for the new Sandy Mush Road overpass, between Chowchilla and Merced, California.

University of California, Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) 2019 Online records search of the University of California, Berkeley paleontology database, September 2019, https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/advanced.html Victor Gruen Associates
1968 “Fresno: A City Reborn”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdTS_LLJvcw.

Wagner, D. L.
2002 California Geomorphic Provinces. California Geologic Survey Note 36. Website:
http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Documents/Publications/Note_36.pdf White, Gregory G.
2003 Testing and Mitigation at Four Sites on Level (3) Long Haul Fibre Optic Alignment, Colusa County, California. Archaeological Research Program, California State University, Chico. Report prepared for Kiewit Pacific, Concord.

U.S. Census Bureau
1910 “Thirteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1910: California, Chapter 1.

Number of Inhabitance.” Washington: Government Printing Office.

USGS Historic Topographic Map Explorer
1923 USGS Bullard, 7.5x15 minute map, accessed online at http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/ on August 2019
1965 USGS Fresno North, 7.5 minute map, accessed online at http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/ on August 2019
1972 USGS Fresno North, 7.5 minute map, accessed online http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/ on September 2019 1981 USGS Fresno North, 7.5 minute map, accessed online http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/ on September 2019 Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Cogstone 54
APPENDIX A. QUALIFICATIONS
Cogstone 55

MOLLY VALASIK
Principal Investigator for Archaeology

EDUCATION
2009 M.A., Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 2006 B.A., Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Valasik is a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) with over 10 years of professional and academic archaeological field and research experience. She has conducted technical studies and prepared cultural resources reports for CEQA/EIR compliance documents for project-level and program-level Specific Plans, General Plans, Master Plans, and Zoning Amendments for mixed-use, residential, commercial, and industrial developments. She meets the qualifications required by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation and is well-versed in the compliance procedures of CEQA and Section 106 of the NHPA and in working with a variety of federal, state, and local agencies throughout California. She is accepted as a principal investigator for prehistoric archaeology by the State Office of Historic Preservation’s Information Centers.

SELECTED PROJECTS
Irvine General Plan Update - Phase II, City of Irvine, Orange County, CA. Cogstone conducted a study to review and summarize available information regarding known paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources within the boundaries of the City of Irvine to support the Phase II update of the City’s General Plan.

Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2018
Agora Town Center Mixed-Use EIR, Laguna Niguel, Orange County, CA. Conducted due diligence review of the previous environmental document. Prepared updated cultural and paleontological sections, including updated records search. The project also involved preparation of a new Tribal cultural resources section; and assisting the City of Laguna Niguel with combined SB 18/AB52 consultation and outreach. Sub to PlaceWorks.

Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2016
Lyon Subdivision EIR, City of Coto de Caza, Orange County, CA. Conducted a cultural resources technical study to support preparation of an EIR on behalf of the developer for the proposed subdivision of an existing large estate for development of 28 new residential lots on approximately 50-57 acres of land. The existing land is predominantly a citrus orchard. Services included records search, Sacred Lands search, Native American consultation, GIS mapping, and intensive-level pedestrian survey with negative results. The lead agency for the Project is the City of Coto de Caza. Sub to CAA Planning. Principal Investigator for Archaeology. 2015 Shoppes at Corona Vista Specific Plan, City of Corona, Riverside County, CA. The Project involves the construction of a shopping center and a church, and includes a specific plan amendment for a 7.25-acre site situated within a former citrus growing community. Services included archaeological, paleontological and historical records searches, NAHC consultation, pedestrian survey and prepared technical reports. One historic resource, a Craftsman bungalow, was recorded. A DPR 523 site record was completed. The building was evaluated for eligibility for listing on the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR) and determined not eligible. Sub to Applied Planning. Principal Investigator for Archaeology & Co-Author. 2015 Cogstone 56

KIMBERLY SCOTT
Principal Investigator for Paleontology

EDUCATION
2013 M.S., Biology, with paleontology emphasis, California State University, San Bernardino 2000 B.S., Geology, with paleontology emphasis, University of California, Los Angeles

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Scott has 21 years of experience in California as a paleontologist and sedimentary geologist. She has worked extensively in the field surveying, monitoring, and salvaging fossils on over 100 projects. In addition, she has special skills in fossil preparation (cleaning and stabilization) and in the preparation of stratigraphic sections and other documentation for fossil localities. She has written over 100 assessments and monitoring compliance reports to all agency requirements. Ms. Scott serves as company safety officer and is the author of the company safety and paleontology manuals. She is a Member of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and the Geological Society of America.

A general analysis of impacts of future projects within the City of Irvine that may adversely affect paleontological, archaeological, or historic resources was provided along with mitigation recommendations. Sub to Placeworks. Principal Paleontologist. 2018-2019
City of La Verne General Plan Update Project, Los Angeles County, CA. The project involved review and summary of available information regarding known paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources within the boundaries of the City of La Verne to support an update of the City’s General Plan. Scott coauthored the Cultural and Paleontological Assessment. Sub to De Novo Planning Group. Principal Paleontologist/Report Co-author. 2018
Westminster General Plan Update EIR, City of Westminster, Orange County, CA. Prepared paleontological resources assessment to support the General Plan Update. The study area included the entire city, spanning 6,590 acres. Services involved records search, GIS mapping. Impact analysis determined negative results. Sub to PlaceWorks. Principal Investigator/Author of Paleontological Report. 2015-2016 Temecula Gateway EIR, City of Temecula, Riverside County, CA. A Planned Development Overlay/Zone Change and General Plan Amendment. The applicant intended to change the General Plan designation to Community Commercial. The Planned Development Overlay would allow for a mixture of uses intended to provide for the development of a variety of local and tourist- serving commercial development.

Prepared an assessment report for a 9-acre parcel for the EIR. Sub to PMC. Co-Principal Investigator/Report Co-author. 2015
Valley Boulevard Specific Plan and EIR, Cities of Fontana and Bloomington, San Bernardino County, CA.

The Project proposes to maintain and improve existing private and community assets with land use change.

Land use changes would involve replacing current conventional zoning districts with five Specific Plan land use districts; Mixed Use, Bloomington Enterprise, Commercial, Low and Medium Residential, and Medium and High Residential districts. Co-Principal Paleontologist/Report Co-author. 2015 Yucaipa General Plan Update and Program EIR, City of Yucaipa, San Bernardino County, CA. The project involved a comprehensive update to the Yucaipa General Plan, an Initial Study, a Program Environmental Impact Report (EIR), a Mitigation Monitoring or Reporting Program (MMRP), and the Findings of Fact and Statement of Overriding Considerations (SOC) for an advanced planning project proposal on behalf of the City of Yucaipa Community Development Department. Conducted record search, Sacred Lands search, NAHC consultation, GIS mapping, cultural and paleontological resources sensitivity analysis, and reporting. Sub to PlaceWorks. Co-Principal Investigator/Report Co-author. 2014 Cogstone 57

SHERRI GUST
QA/QC

EDUCATION
1994 M. S., Anatomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 1979 B. S., Anthropology (Physical), University of California, Davis

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Gust is a Registered Professional Archaeologist and Qualified Principal Paleontologist with more than 35 years of experience in cultural resources management and consulting in California. She has conducted technical studies and prepared cultural resources chapters for CEQA/EIR compliance documents for project-level and program-level Specific Plans, General Plans, Master Plans, and Zoning Amendments for mixed-use, residential, commercial and industrial developments. She meets the qualifications required by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Ms. Gust holds current BLM permits for cultural and paleontology in California and is certified by all counties and cities in California that maintain lists. She is accepted as a principal investigator for both prehistoric and historical archaeology by the State Office of Historic Preservation’s Information Centers.

SELECTED PROJECTS
Tustin Downtown Commercial Core Specific Plan Project, City of Tustin, Orange County, CA. Cogstone performed archaeological and paleontological resources assessments in compliance with CEQA for a 220-acre portion of the City of Tustin. The assessment included an inventory of all historic-era buildings, the preparation of GIS Maps for the entire Specific Plan area, and preparation of a combined cultural and paleontological assessment report with recommendations. Sub to EPD Solutions, Inc. Principal Investigator for Archaeology & Co-Author. 2017
Westminster General Plan EIR, City of Westminster, Orange County, CA. Performed archaeological and paleontological programmatic technical study including record searches, Native American consultation, and prepared report with recommendations. Sub to Placeworks. Principal Investigator for Archaeology and Paleontology. 2016
Alton Parkway Mixed Use Development, City of Irvine, Orange County, CA. Cogstone conducted a literature review followed by archaeological and paleontological monitoring during ground disturbing activities for construction of a four-story residential development on a 3.7-acre site. Subsequently, Cogstone prepared a monitoring compliance report to fulfill the City of Irvine’s Existing Plans, Programs, and Policies mitigation measure. Project Manager. 2016
Hidden Oaks Country Club Specific Plan and TT 18869, City of Chino Hills, San Bernardino County, CA.

Managed cultural and paleontological resources assessments, assisted the City with SB 18 compliance, and responded to the cultural section of the project EIR comment for this proposed 537-acre residential project with minimum 5-acre per lot constraints. Services included records search, Sacred Lands search, NAHC consultation, field survey, and mitigation recommendations. Principal Investigator. 2015-2016 Paradise Valley Specific Plan, Glorious Land Company, unincorporated Riverside County, CA. The project involves construction of a 5,411 acre resort community. Prepared Supplemental Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment Report and Final Paleontological Assessment Report. Sub to Envicom. Principal Investigator. 2011-2014
Historic Town Center Master Plan Update EIR, City of San Juan Capistrano, Orange County CA. Conducted a survey and assessment to determine the potential effects on cultural resources of potential changes to the Historic Town Center Master Plan area in support of a project-level EIR. Managed archaeological and paleontological record searches, research, and survey plus Native American consultation for the 31-acre town center. Evaluated resources, including updated site records and impact assessment. Sub to Templeton Planning Group. Principal Archaeologist/Paleontologist & Author. 2011 Cogstone 58

SHANNON LOPEZ
Architectural Historian

EDUCATION
2018 M.A., History (with an emphasis in architecture), California State University, Fullerton 2012 B.A., History, Minor in Asian-Pacific Studies, California State University, Dominguez Hills

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Lopez is a qualified historian and she meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications for Standards for history. Ms. Lopez is experienced in architectural history research and surveys along with photo documentation and recording of built environment resources for local and federal projects. Additionally, she is an approved Reader at the Huntington Library by the Los Angeles Office of Historic Resources.

SELECTED PROJECTS
Irvine General Plan Update, Phase II, City of Irvine, Orange County, CA. Cogstone conducted a study to review and summarize available information regarding known paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources within the boundaries of the City of Irvine to support the Phase II update of the City’s General Plan.

The project area was open ranching and agricultural lands until development began in the early 20th century.

By 1918, two single family homes with detached garages were present on the property with nearly two dozen homes around the project area as well a handful of empty lots. Cogstone conducted a survey, documented the building proposed for demolition within the project area, and prepared a cultural resources assessment.

Architectural Historian. 2018
Rhode Island Historical Resource Archive of Melville Naval Historic District and U.S. Naval Hospital, Newport Historic District, Naval Station Newport, R.I. This purpose of this project is to produce Rhode Island Historical Resources Archive (RIHRA) documentation of the Melville Naval Historic District and the U.S. Naval Hospital Newport Historic District, at Naval Station (NAVSTA) Newport, Newport, Rhode Island.

Conducted research, form contributor, and assistant Architectural Historian. 2018 2525 N. Main, City of Santa Ana, Orange County, CA. The project proposed demolition of existing building and the construction of a five-story multi-family residential apartment complex. Cogstone conducted a cultural and historic resources records search, a field visit to known historic homes and Santiago Park, evaluation of the historic resources, and produced a built environment report. Conducted research, evaluation and co-author.

Architectural Historian. 2018
La Verne General Plan Update, City of La Verne, Los Angeles County, CA. Cogstone reviewed and summarized available information regarding known paleontological, archaeological, and historical resources within the boundaries of the City of La Verne to support an update of the City’s General Plan. Ms. Lopez guided the extensive historical research at City Hall where building records, Mills Acts, photographs and other documents were reviewed. Sub to De Novo. Co-Architectural Historian. 2018

Accelerated Charter Elementary School, Los Angeles Unified School District, City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA. The project involved the construction of a new facility on a 2.3-acre site in South Central Los Angeles. Cogstone conducted paleontological and cultural resources monitoring. Five new archaeological sites were defined and updated one building record. Updated building DPR. Sub to Gafon. Assistant Architectural Historian. 2017
Cogstone 59

HOLLY DUKE
Archaeology Data Supervisor

EDUCATION
2009 B.A., Archaeology/History, Simon Fraser University, Canada

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS
Ms. Duke is a qualified archaeologist and cross-trained paleontologist with six and a half years of experience in pedestrian survey, monitoring, excavation and burial recovery, as well as the identification of human and faunal skeletal remains. She is proficient in the preparation of cultural resources assessment reports for a variety of state and local agencies throughout California. Duke is responsible for the organization of field data, lab supervision and organization, as well as identifying and cataloging prehistoric and historic artifacts. She also has experience with preparing artifact collections for curation at a variety of different repositories as well as fossil preparation and stabilization.

SELECTED PROJECTS
TetraGro Lancaster Project, City of Lancaster, Los Angeles County, CA. The project consisted of a cultural resources assessment for the construction of a 22,000 square foot medical cannabis cultivation center with a clean anodized aluminum façade. Provided task management and supervised all work for the project which included a records search and an intensive pedestrian survey. Authored the Cultural Resources Assessment Report. Task Manager. 2018
West Bastanchury Residential Subdivision Project, City of Yorba Linda, Orange County, CA. The project consisted of a cultural and paleontological resources assessment for the creation of a tentative tract map to subdivide a 13-acre City-owned lot into 23 residential lots. Provided task management and supervised all work for the project which included a records search and an intensive pedestrian survey. Authored the Cultural Resources Assessment Report. Task Manager. 2017
Crowder Canyon, Caltrans District 8, San Bernardino County, CA. The project consisted of the realignment of SR-138. Participated in the archaeological testing and data recovery of two archaeological sites near Hesperia.

Conducted excavation and data recovery of more than six prehistoric features. Sub to Applied Earthworks.

Archaeologist. 2016
Cold Canyon Landfill Expansion, South Berm Soil Removal Module 11, Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo County, CA. Conducted archaeological testing of the historic Patchett-Weir family site (CA-SLO-2559H) to assess its eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The site would be impacted by landfill expansion and Army Corps of Engineers wetland restoration. Supervised the excavation of mechanically excavated trenches and hand excavated a unit within the site. Cataloged 20 historic-age artifacts recovered during excavation. Archaeologist. 2016
Fisher House and Golf Course Parking Lot Project, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, City of Long Beach, Los Angeles County, CA. In compliance with the Historic Properties Treatment Plan, supported an archaeological testing program to identify cultural resources by utilizing ground penetrating radar and magnetometry, shovel test pits, and mechanical excavation. Recovered numerous historic artifacts from a trash dump during ground disturbing activities within the Golf Course Parking Lot project area. Cleaned, identified, and cataloged all recovered artifacts. Monitored excavation for utilities at Golf Course Parking Lot project.

Prime. Archaeologist/Lab and Data Manager. 2015-2016
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Report Cogstone 60
APPENDIX B. MUSEUM PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORDS SEARCH
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Report Cogstone 61
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Report Cogstone 62
Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Report Cogstone 63
APPENDIX C. NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATIONS
Tribal Consultation Log for the Fresno West Area Specific Plan Native American Group First Name Last Name Title Date(s) and Method of First Contact Attempt
Date(s) and Method of
Second Attempt
Date(s) and Method of Third
Attempt Date(s) of Replies Rec'd Comments
Big Sandy Rancheria Elizabeth D. Kipp Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/4/2019, email 9/19/2019, Phone/voicemail message
No Response
Cold Springs Rancheria Carol Bill Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/6/2019, email 9/19/2019, Phone, email No Response Cold Springs Rancheria has a new Chair, Helena Alarcon. Follow up email was sent to
her emai
Dumna/Wo-Wah Tribal
Government
Robert Ledger Sr. Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/6/2019, email 9/19/2019, Phone, email No Response Chairperson Ledger requested email with original letter to be resent to his email for
review. The letter was resent.

Dunlap Band of Mono
Indians
Benjamin Charley Jr. Tribal Chair 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail - -
8/26/2019 phone On 8/26/2019 Mr. Charley, tribal secretary for the Dunlap Band of Mono Indians,
responded via phone that the SP is outside
the Tribe's interest and that they would not be
commenting or requesting consultation. Mr.

Charley recommended contacting Big Sandy
or Table Mountain Rancheria for comments.

Dunlap Band of Mono
Indians
Dick Charley Tribal Secretary 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail - -
8/26/2019 phone See above for Mr. Charley
Kings River Choinumni
Farm Tribe
Stan Alec 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/19/2019, Phone 9/19/2019 phone On 9/19/2019 Mr. Alec of the Kings River Choinumni Farm Tribe, responded via phone
that the Tribe has no concerns with the SP.

North Fork Mono Tribe Ron Goode Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/6/2019, email 9/19/2019, Phone/voicemail message
No Response
Santa Rosa Rancheria,
Tachi Yokut Tribe
Rueben Barrios Sr. Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/19/2019, Phone/voicemail message
No Response
Table Mountain Rancheria Leanne Walker-Grant Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail - No Response Native American Group First Name Last Name Title Date(s) and Method of First Contact Attempt
Date(s) and Method of
Second Attempt
Date(s) and Method of Third
Attempt Date(s) of Replies Rec'd Comments
Table Mountain Rancheria Bob Pennell Cultural
Resources
Director
8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/6/2019, email - 8/6/2019 Letter On 8/6/2019, Mr. Pennell, Cultural Resources Director of the Table Mountain
Rancheria, responded with by letter stating
that the Tribe is interested in the SP and
requested any cultural resource reports
received from the record search. Mr. Pennell
requested that the City contact the Tribal
office to coordinate a discussion and meeting
date for the SP. On 10/7/2019 Cogstone
replied to Mr. Pennell with the results of the
cultural records search.

Traditional Choinumni
Tribe
David Alvarez Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/6/2019, email undeliverable
- No Response
Traditional Choinumni
Tribe
Rick Osborne Cultural
Resources
8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/6/2019, email 9/19/2019, Phone/voicemail message
No Response
Wuksache Indian
Tribe/Eshom Valley Band
Kenneth Woodrow Chairperson 8/20/2019, Certified US Mail 9/6/2019, email 9/19/2019, Phone/voicemail message
No Response

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Report Cogstone 64
APPENDIX D. SENSITIVITY RANKING CRITERIA

Fresno West Area Specific Plan Cultural and Paleontological Resources Assessment Report Cogstone 65
PFYC Description PFYC
Rank
Very Low. The occurrence of significant fossils is non-existent or extremely rare. Includes igneous or metamorphic and Precambrian or older rocks. Assessment or mitigation of paleontological resources is usually unnecessary.
1 Low. Sedimentary geologic units that are not likely to contain vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant nonvertebrate fossils. Includes rock units too young to produce fossils, sediments with significant physical and chemical changes (e.g., diagenetic alteration) and having few to no fossils known. Assessment or mitigation of paleontological resources is not likely to be necessary. 2 Potentially Moderate but Undemonstrated Potential. Units exhibit geologic features and preservational conditions that suggest fossils could be present, but no vertebrate fossils or only common types of plant and invertebrate fossils are known. Surface-disturbing activities may require field assessment to determine appropriate course of action.
3b
Moderate Potential. Units are known to contain vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant nonvertebrate fossils, but these occurrences are widely scattered and of low abundance. Common invertebrate or plant fossils may be found. Surface-disturbing activities may require field assessment to determine appropriate course of action. 3a
High. Geologic units containing a high occurrence of significant fossils. Fossils must be abundant per locality.

Vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant invertebrate or plant fossils are known to occur and have been documented, but may vary in occurrence and predictability. If impacts to significant fossils can be anticipated, onthe-ground surveys prior to authorizing the surface disturbing action will usually be necessary. On-site monitoring or spot-checking may be necessary during construction activities. 4 Very High. Highly fossiliferous geologic units that consistently and predictably produce vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant invertebrate or plant fossils. Vertebrate fossils or scientifically significant invertebrate fossils are known or can reasonably be expected to occur in the impacted area. On-the-ground surveys prior to authorizing any surface disturbing activities will usually be necessary. On-site monitoring may be necessary during construction activities.
5 *Potential Fossil Yield Classification (PFYC) rankings are as per the Bureau of Land Management (BLM 2016)

APPENDIX D
Utility Background Summary
6800 Koll Center Parkway
Suite 150
Pleasanton CA 94566
925.426.2580 phone
530.756.5991 fax
westyost.com

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
DATE: January 20, 2022 Project No.: 487-60-19-16
SENT VIA: EMAIL
TO: Steve McMurtry, De Novo Planning Group
FROM: Jim Connell, RCE# 63052
REVIEWED BY: Doug Moore, RCE# 58122
SUBJECT: City of Fresno West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan Utility Background Summary This Technical Memorandum (TM) presents background information on wet utility infrastructure for the City of Fresno’s (City) West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan. This TM includes the following sections:
• Potable Water Treatment and Distribution
• Wastewater Collection and Treatment
• Stormwater and Flood Control
The focus of this TM is on the West Area, as shown in Figure 1. However, because the West Area is dependent on the available capacities of potable water, recycled water, sewer, wastewater treatment and the regional flood control systems, overviews of these City-wide systems are also provided. Because there is minimal recycled water infrastructure conveying recycled water to the West Area, the City’s recycled water program is discussed as part of the wastewater collection and treatment section.

The City is anticipating considerable growth over its buildout horizon. According to the General Plan developed in 2014 (Dyett & Bhatia, 2014), the City’s population is expected to increase from approximately 495,000 in the 2010 Census to approximately 771,000 people by the year 2035 (General Plan Horizon) and 970,000 people by Buildout of the Sphere of Influence (SOI), which is expected after 2035. The City’s 2018 West Area Specific Plan Existing Conditions Report estimates the current population of the West Area to be approximately 38,503 people.

The maximum buildout potential allowed under the West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan would allow for the future development of up to 54,953 dwelling units (including 47,072 dwelling units in the residential category, 67 dwelling units in the commercial category, and 7,814 dwelling units in the mixed use category) and approximately 48.8 million square feet of non-residential uses.

Based on the City’s General Plan Housing Element estimate of approximately 2.97 persons per dwelling unit, the proposed Specific Plan is estimated to accommodate 163,211 new residents in the City at buildout under the maximum development potential allowed under the Specific Plan. Therefore, the West Area is expected to have a total population of 201,714 people by buildout of the Specific Plan under the TM – De Novo Planning Group
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maximum development potential. The 2014 General Plan included the West Area, and thus previous infrastructure evaluations are helpful in determining the future infrastructure needs of the West Area.

POTABLE WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
The potable water facilities are discussed below.

Summary of the Water System
The City’s Water Division serves the City and several County islands (unincorporated areas within the City, West Yost, 2014) through nearly 1,800 miles of transmission and distribution pipelines with approximately 133,000 service connections (Provost & Pritchard, 2016). More than 39,100 million gallons of potable water were delivered in 2018 (Fresno, 2019). The City’s water supply comes from groundwater wells, surface water treatment facilities, and contracts for surface water supplies from the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the Fresno Irrigation District (FID).

The West Area is served by nearly 96 miles of distribution pipelines and just under a mile of recycled water service (in North Cornelia Avenue between West Clinton Avenue and West Shields Avenue). The West Area’s potable water system is shown on Figure 2.

In addition to the City’s water system, there are four independent water systems located within the City limits, including Bakman Water Company, Pinedale County Water District, California State University Fresno, and Park Van Ness Mutual Water Company. These independent water systems have their own water supplies, and do not receive water from the City, with the exception of a portion of the Pinedale County Water District east of Highway 41 and south of Herndon Avenue.

The City has emergency interties with the City of Clovis and California State University Fresno that provides additional water supply flexibility.

Water Demands and Supplies
In 2016, The City of Fresno adopted its 2015 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) (Provost & Pritchard, 2016). This UWMP documented the past, current, and projected future water demands and supplies through 2040, as shown in Table 1. In 2015, the City served approximately 132,844 acre-feet (af) of potable water. The City’s water demands are projected to increase to over 301,000 af per year (af/yr) by 2040 (based on the growth in the 2014 General Plan). However, available water supply is also projected to increase to over 366,000 af/yr by 2040. Thus, the City should continue to have a surplus supply in excess of 65,000 af/yr. The West Area is included in the City’s water supply and demand projections. Therefore, the City will have enough water to meet the full water demands of the West Area starting in 2020 and continuing beyond 2040.

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Table 1. City of Fresno Past and Projected Water Demands, Supplies, and Surpluses, af/yr(a) Actual
2015
Projected
2020
Projected
2025
Projected
2030
Projected
2035
Projected
2040
Potable Demand 132,844 14,500 229,600 239,700 254,300 262,500 Recycled Water Demand 8,762 21,200 34,400 34,400 38,600 38,600 Total Demands 141,606 235,700 264,000 274,100 292,900 301,100 Groundwater Supply 83,360 130,400 135,100 139,700 44,300 148,900 Surface Water – Fresno Irrigation
District (FID) Contract Supply(b)
- 106,200 111,200 116,200 121,200 126,200
Surface Water – United States Bureau
of Reclamation (USBR) Contract Supply 41,525 52,600 52,600 52,600 52,600 52,600 Recycled Water Supply 8,750 19,500 31,000 33,500 36,000 38,500 Purchased 3,000 - - - - -
Total Supply 136,635 308,700 329,900 342,000 354,100 366,200 Surplus (4,971)
(c) 73,000 65,900 67,900 61,200 65,100
(a) Source: City of Fresno 2015 UWMP, Tables 4-3, 4-4, and 4-5 for Demands and Tables 6-7, 6-13, and 6-14 for Supply (b) The quantity of water available to the City of Fresno from FID is not explicitly quantified. On May 25, 1976, the City signed a contract with FID for delivery of the City’s pro rata share of FID’s water entitlements on the Kings River. The contract specifically excludes any of FID’s Class 2 USBR entitlement and any water stored in Pine Flat Reservoir by FID. The Kings River Water Association (KRWA) allocates entitlements to Kings River contractors on a daily basis; these entitlements are allocated among the contractors using a methodology that estimates the flow in the Kings River before construction of Pine Flat Reservoir (i.e., the project). Once KRWA calculates the “pre-project” entitlement, FID has the option of releasing the entire entitlement for downstream diversion or storing a portion of the entitlement within Pine Flat Reservoir for use at a later date. (c) The values provided in the City’s 2015 UWMP do not balance exactly for the year 2015.

Recent groundwater and surface water production is shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Recent Groundwater and Surface Water Production, af/yr(a) Water Source 2016 2017 2018 2019
Groundwater 99,107 105,211 76,796 54,608
Surface Water 13,162 15,869 43,269 60,936
Total 112,269 121,079 120,066 115,544
(a) Some numbers do not add up exactly due to rounding.

City Groundwater Facilities
Until 2004, groundwater was the sole source of potable water supply for the City. As of 2018, there were approximately 250 operational groundwater wells with a total production of 25,000 million gallons per year (Fresno, 2018). Local groundwater comes from the Kings Sub-basin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin. This sub-basin has been classified by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) as critically over drafted (DWR, 2018), but supplementing supplies with surface water has reduced drawdown. The West Area is served by eight active wells, as summarized in Table 3.

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Table 3. Summary of Active City Wells Serving the West Area Well Number
Pump
Horsepower
Rated Capacity
gallons per minute(a)
Well 104 125 1,500
Well 138 125 1,800
Well 169 200 2,400
Well 171-1 60 600
Well 171-2 150 1,750
Well 192 150 2,000
Well 358 (has backup power) 200 2,100
Well 364 100 1,000
Total Well Pumping Capacity [gpm] 13,150
(a) Pump capacity and backup power information provided by City Staff.

Groundwater within the Kings Sub-basin generally meets primary and secondary drinking water standards1for municipal water use. However, groundwater contamination has caused the City to close over 30 wells and to construct well-head treatment facilities to other wells. Wellhead treatment and blending for 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane; ethylene dibromide; 1,2,3-trichloropropane; volatile organic compounds (including trichlorethylene, tetrachloroethylene), nitrate, manganese, radon, chloride, and iron are required in some areas of the City. Nitrates are an important cause of groundwater contamination in the City. Nitrates come primarily from on-site wastewater treatment systems (septic tanks and leach fields) and fertilizer. Water contaminated with nitrate is difficult to treat. A transmission grid main (TGM) system on a half-mile grid decreases water quality variation between wells. While most wells discharge directly to the TGM system, there are some that are treated or blended first to address specific water quality issues. Twelve well sites City-wide have de-aeration facilities where groundwater is pumped to a tank to allow for de-aeration before entering the TGM (West Yost, 2014). With wellhead treatment and blending, the water supplied by the City meets all the primary and secondary drinking water standards for municipal water use and is safe and healthy to consume.

The West Area tends to have better ground water quality than the City as a whole (Dyett & Bhatia, 2014), with only a small portion of the West Area (near Highway 99) having nitrates in excess of the allowable limit 1 EPA has established National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) that set mandatory water quality standards for drinking water contaminants. These are enforceable standards called "maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) which are established to protect the public against consumption of drinking water contaminants that present a risk to human health. An MCL is the maximum allowable amount of a contaminant in drinking water which is delivered to the consumer.

In addition, EPA has established National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWRs) that set non-mandatory water quality standards for 15 contaminants. EPA does not enforce these "secondary maximum contaminant levels" (SMCLs). They are established as guidelines to assist public water systems in managing their drinking water for aesthetic considerations, such as taste, color, and odor. These contaminants are not considered to present a risk to human health at the SMCL. (EPA website, https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/secondary-drinking-water-standardsguidance-nuisance-chemicals, accessed February 21, 2020) TM – De Novo Planning Group
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of 45 mg/L as NO3 or 10 mg/L as NO3-N. Well 171-2 is the only well that requires treatment within the West Area, and uses granular activated carbon (GAC). The City proposes to construct 15 new wells as needed in the West Area to help meet buildout demand. In addition, nearly 3 miles of distribution pipelines are planned, including expansions to the TGM (West Yost, 2014).

Surface Water Facilities
Historically, about one third of the water supplied to the City comes from surface water from the Kings and San Joaquin river through rain and snow melt from the Sierra Nevada Mountains via the Friant-Kern Canal and the 4.5-mile-long Friant-Kern canal pipeline. Recent expansion of surface water treatment capacity has resulted in a larger share of City water supplies coming from surface water (53 percent in 2019).

Since mid-2004, the City has operated the North East Surface Water Treatment Facility (NESWTF) to treat this water to supplement the City’s groundwater supplies. The NESWTF has a rated capacity of 30 million gallons per day (mgd) (Provost & Pritchard, 2016). In 2015, the City brought a new Water Storage and Treatment Facility (T3) online with a capacity of 4 mgd. The T3 was a temporary facility until the Southeast Surface Water Treatment Facility (SESWTF) began full operation in July 2018. The SESWTF has a rated capacity of 54 mgd and receives raw water from the Kings River through the thirteen-mile-long Kings River Pipeline. Expansion of the facility is planned to increase capacity to 80 mgd by 2021 (Fresno, 2019).

The City purchases surface water from the USBR’s Central Valley Project (CVP) – Friant Division with an agreement of 60,000 acre-feet of water per year (19,551 million gallons per year). This agreement was renewed in 2010 with no expiration date (Provost & Pritchard, 2016). The surface water is imported to constructed recharge basins and used for “intentional recharge” to the groundwater basin.

In May of 1976 the City of Fresno and FID executed an agreement that stipulated that as land is annexed to the City, the City will receive a pro rata share of FID’s Kings River entitlement. The agreement was specific that FID’s USBR Class 2 water was excluded and that the City could not store allocated water behind Pine Flat Dam. The pro rata share is based on the area annexed to the City, and within FID’s boundaries, as compared to the total area of FID’s water service area (Provost & Pritchard, 2016). The historical and projected volume of water available from FID is shown in Table 4, which is copied from the City’s 2015 UWMP Table 6-5.

Table 4. Projected Allocation of FID’s Kings River Water for City of Fresno in Normal Years(a) Year 2010(b) 2015(b) 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Projected City Allocation, % 25.41 25.94 27.23 28.51 29.80 31.09 32.37 Projected Water Quantity to
City in Normal Year, af/yr 108,200 110,500 116,000 121,500 126,900 132,400 137,900 Actual Allocation for City, af 125,543 42,935 - - - - - (a) Source: Table 6-5 from City of Fresno 2015 UWMP. According to communications with City staff in June 2020, the 2016 renegotiated contract with FID limits available allocation 29%, or approximately 123,540 AFY. This allocation limit will be addressed in the City’s 2020 UWMP. (b) Allocations for 2010 and 2015 were provided by FID. Allocation for all other years is based on interpolation between 2015 and SOI buildout at 2056. With General Plan Update SOI buildout has shifted from 2025 to 2056 as reflected here.

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Recycled (Non-Potable) Water Facilities
Recycled water is wastewater that has been treated to be used again. Even though the treated water is clean, it is not used for potable water (drinking water) The City operates and maintains a recycled water system that disposes of the treated wastewater (called effluent) by using it for agricultural irrigation of non-food crops. The recycled water system is further discussed in the Sewer and Wastewater Treatment Section, below.

Distribution System Facilities
The City’s potable water distribution facilities consist of the following components (West Yost, 2014):
• 4 Quasi-Pressure Zones
• 26 SCADA zones
• 4 Water Storage Tanks
• 8 Booster Pump Stations
• 1,740 miles of Transmission and Distribution Pipelines The City’s four quasi-pressure zones were created to control flow from higher elevation to lower elevation areas of the City. The pressure zones are separated by “gates” of closed or partially closed valves that are named after the street alignment they most closely follow: Shepherd Gate, Sierra Gate, and Highway 41 Gate.

These quasi-pressure zones help to regulate minimum and maximum system pressures. The entire West Area falls within the Westside quasi-pressure zone.

The distribution system is monitored and controlled through a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. The SCADA system is split into zones within the quasi-pressure zones where it controls the operation of the system. The City operates groundwater wells using an algorithm that calculates the average pressure over SCADA zones and determines which wells will operate based on cost-efficiency.

Zones 1 and 5 serve the current West Area. These zones will need to be expanded, or new zones will be needed to cover the area at buildout.

Treated water storage is provided by four tanks, including 1.5 million gallons (MG) at the NESWTF, 3 MG at the intersection of Clovis Avenue and California Avenue (the Southeast Tank), 3MG at South Clovis Avenue near California Avenue (tank T3) and 3MG at the intersection of H Street and San Benito Street in Downtown (tank T4). There are no potable water storage facilities within the West Area.

There are eight booster pump stations (BPSs) located within the water distribution system. These are the NESWTF Tank BPS, SESWTF Tank BPS, Southeast Tank BPS, T3 BPS, T4 BPS, Booster Pump 1 (BP01), Booster Pump 2 (BP02), and Booster Pump 4 (BP04). Booster Pump 3 was budgeted, but never built. BP01 and BP02 boost water from SCADA Zone 8 to Zone 4. BP04 boosts water from Zone 11 to the eastside of Zone 14 through a dedicated 24-inch diameter pipeline and subsequent 12-, 14-, and 16-inch diameter pipelines. The characteristics of each of these pumping facilities are summarized in Table 5.

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Table 5. Existing Booster Pump Station Design Characteristics(a) Pump
Station
Supply Source/
Location
Rated
Capacity,
mgd
Pumps
Capacity, gpm/Power, Hp
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4
NESWTF NESWTF Tank 40 7,000/400 7,000/400 7,000/400 7,000/400 SESWTF SESWTF Tank 80 13,889/700 13,889/700 13,889/700 13,889/700 SE BPS Southeast Tank (T1) 7.2 1,000/50 2,000/100 2,000/100 1,000/50 T3 BPS T3 Tank (Clovis Inter-tie) 6 2,085/100 2,085/100 - - T4 BPS T4 Tank (H Street) 11 2,500/125 2,500/125 2,500/125 - BP01 Shepherd/Sierra A 6.9 4,800/125 - - -
BP02 Shepherd/Sierra A 3.2 2,200/50 - - -
BP04 Highway 41 8.6 6,000/200 - - -
(a) Source: City of Fresno Water Master Plan, West Yost 2014 and City 2015 UWMP, Provost and Pritchard 2016, gpm = gallons per minute
The City has approximately 9.2 million lineal feet (or about 1,740 miles) of water system pipelines. These pipelines generally range from 6 to 48 inches in diameter and are made up of a variety of materials including asbestos-cement, cast iron, concrete, copper, ductile iron, steel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Much of the City’s potable water distribution system consists of old steel and cast-iron pipe, with over 20 percent of the pipes greater than 50 years old.

Major Water System Issues and Opportunities
Significant issues and opportunities are discussed below:

Future surface water supply for treatment and groundwater recharge is provided through the purchase and utilization of surface water allocations from the USBR at Friant Dam and FID from the Kings River.

However, “Water Made Available” under the City’s contracts with Reclamation and FID could affect the amount of surface water delivered.

Groundwater contamination has caused the City to close over 30 wells and to construct well-head treatment facilities to other wells. The city is committed to providing a safe water supply to its residents and businesses. It is possible that additional wells will have to be closed, which would reduce the City’s water supply and some wells may need treatment facilities to continue to supply water into the distribution system.

More than 15 percent (42 wells out of 270) of the City’s wells were constructed prior to 1960 (over 60 years ago) and almost 40 percent (98 of 270) were constructed prior to 1970 (over 50 years ago). It has been recommended that the wells be replaced after 45 to 50 years; thus, about 40 percent of the City’s wells are overdue for replacement. Also, mechanical and electrical well component upgrades are required about every 20 to 25 years. Therefore, it is anticipated that significant well installations, replacements and upgrades may be needed to these systems in the near future to maintain existing groundwater supply capacity and meet increased water demands.

One of the greatest challenges facing the City’s water distribution system is conveying water from areas of high water production to areas of high water demand. The water production and distribution system TM – De Novo Planning Group
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historically has been a distributed system whereby groundwater wells would be constructed on an as-needed basis in the area where the water was needed. This distributed water system does not require large diameter transmission mains to convey water from one portion of the City to another.

SEWER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
The City is the sewer agency for the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area (FCMA). The City also owns and operates the Fresno/Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility (RWRF) (Carollo, 2015) and the North Fresno Wastewater Treatment Facility (NRWTF). The City’s current sanitary sewer collection system, the RWRF, and the NRWTF are discussed below.

Wastewater is composed of sanitary flow and Infiltration and Inflow (I&I). • The sanitary flow is the actual wastewater that is generated in the homes and businesses that are connected to the sewer system. The sewer system (or collection system) is intended to collect and convey all the sanitary flow from the homes and businesses to the wastewater treatment plant. The sanitary flow is often called the Average Dry Weather Flow (ADWF) because it is the primary source of wastewater during dry weather. • I&I is stormwater that enters the wastewater collection system through flooded maintenance holes; defects in pipes, pipe joints, and sewer structures; or as inflow through illicitly connected downspouts, area drains, and catch basins. Sewer systems are intended to prevent (or minimize) the I&I that enters the sewer system so that the stormwater does not cause the sewer capacities to be exceeded or result in treating stormwater at the wastewater treatment plant. The combined ADWF and I&I is called the peak wet weather flow (PWWF).

Collection System
Collection systems are sized, designed, and constructed to the convey the PWWF to the City’s wastewater treatment plants. The City’s wastewater collection system has roughly 23,000 manholes, 15 lift stations,

1.7 force mains, and 1,500 miles of gravity sewer pipes (Carollo, 2015). Generally, the collection system flows from northeast to southwest across the entire City. In the West Area, wastewater generally flows from the north to the south. Clovis has four connections to the City’s collection system. Each of these connections have flow meters that measure the flow from the Clovis sewer system into the City’s sewer system. The City’s collection system in and near the West Area is shown on Figure 3.

Fresno-Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility (RWRF) Wastewater treatment plant capacities are typically rated based on the ADWF flow. The RWRF has an ADWF capacity of 92 mgd (California Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2018), however it can treat the PWWF that occurs during storm events, which is higher than the ADWF but lasts for short duration (Carollo, 2010).

Wastewater from the West Area is treated at the RWRF, which has an average annual flow of approximately 56 mgd (Fresno, 2019). The RWRF receives and treats wastewater from three additional service areas, including: the City of Clovis, Pinedale County Water District, and Pinedale Public Utility District. The City of Clovis owns 9.3 mgd of ADWF capacity, while the remaining capacity belongs to the TM – De Novo Planning Group
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City. The RWRF is located at the intersection of Jensen and Cornelia Streets in southwest Fresno and is shown on Figure 3.

The facility includes the following major processes/facilities:
• Headworks and Grit Chambers – The screening facilities remove the larger trash and grit from the raw wastewater. From the headworks, the wastewater is pumped into pipes that flow to the primary clarifiers.
• Primary Clarifiers – These six tanks allow finer sediment to settle out of the effluent and skim fats, oils and grease from the top. Wastewater leaving the settling tanks is called primary effluent and either flows to the aeration basins or is diverted for additional screening prior to tertiary treatment.
• Aeration Basins – In the aeration basins air is pumped into the wastewater to increase the growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms that consume the organic waste. From the aeration basins the partially treated wastewater flows to the Secondary Clarifiers. • Secondary Clarifiers – The secondary clarifiers are basins where the bacteria and micro-organisms settle out of the wastewater. There are 16 secondary clarifiers. Effluent leaving the secondary clarifiers is called secondary effluent, and it flows to storage ponds.

There is currently no disinfection system for the secondary effluent. • Membrane Bioreactor Tanks – Primary effluent designated for tertiary treatment is passed through a fine screen and two pre-aeration basins before entering four membrane bioreactor (MBR) tanks. MBRs combine biological treatment with membrane filtration.

Effluent leaving the MBRs flows to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection vessels. • UV Disinfection – Effluent from the MBRs is exposed to UV light to inactivate pathogens.

There are four in-vessel UV disinfection trains. After disinfection, effluent is called tertiary effluent and is sent to recycled water storage.
• Storage Ponds – There are 1,720 acres of storage ponds where the effluent percolates into the groundwater, evaporates, or is pumped for irrigation of non-food crops. • Solids Treatment – The bacteria and micro-organisms that settle out of the wastewater in the clarifiers are called the solids. Flotation thickeners, digesters, and belt filter presses are used to extract liquid from the solids. The liquid is returned to the settling tanks. The remaining solids are then stored in silos to await disposal.

North Fresno Wastewater Treatment Facility
Located in the north east of the City of Fresno, the NFWTF is a tertiary level wastewater treatment facility that treats wastewater from the northern portion of the City. The plant was constructed with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology for secondary treatment, cloth media filtration for tertiary treatment, and sodium hypochlorite for disinfection. The plant produces recycled water at a quality that can be used for irrigation of facilities such as golf courses. The permitted capacity of the plant is 0.71 mgd average monthly flow and 1.07 mgd maximum daily flow. Treatment processes include a sequencing batch reactor for secondary treatment, cloth media filtration for tertiary treatment and sodium hypochlorite for disinfection. The tertiary treated wastewater is currently used for landscaping irrigation (Carollo 2010).

Although the NFWTF does not serve the West Area directly, it contributes to the City’s total wastewater treatment capacity.

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Effluent Disposal and the Recycled Water System
The RWRF includes preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment units with disinfection.

Secondary treatment consists of three treatment trains with an annual average capacity of 87 mgd, consisting of 30 mgd for Train A and 57 mgd for Trains B and C combined. In 2017, a 5-mgd tertiary treatment system — the Tertiary Treatment and Disinfection Facility — was completed. The system can be expanded to 15 mgd and ultimately to 30 mgd (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021).

The City has three primary means of effluent disposal:

Undisinfected secondary effluent to on-site and off-site farmland for restricted irrigation Undisinfected secondary effluent to percolation ponds
Disinfected tertiary effluent to the recycled water distribution system The percolated effluent has been deemed equivalent to Title 22 tertiary treated water by the State Water Resources Control Board Division of Drinking Water (DDW). The City has been extracting this water for reuse in areas within and surrounding the RWRF, as well as to FID’s canals, through an exchange agreement for delivery to FID agricultural customers.

The discharged effluent is disposed within the City boundaries and just southwest of the metropolitan area. The treated effluent percolation ponds are within the City’s SOI and hydrologic sphere that benefit the City’s overall regional water budget.

In addition to the RWRF the NFWTF serves the residential and commercial development and golf course in a portion of northeast Fresno. Since the treatment includes filtration and disinfection producing water quality that meets Title 22 tertiary criteria, it is suitable for additional future uses such as landscape irrigation, freeway irrigation, and many industrial water reuse opportunities.

Future Wastewater Flow and Effluent Disposal
The City has the capacity to produce more recycled water than it can currently use. The City will continue to expand the recycled water delivery system. The City’s most recent Collection System Master Plan (Carollo, 2015) was based on land uses from the City’s 2014 General Plan. At General Plan build-out, the City will encompass approximately 156.6 square miles and is projected to generate 202.4 mgd of future PWWF.

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Sewer Collection System and WWTP Issues and Opportunities Sewer Collection System and WWTP Issues and Opportunities are discussed below:

At build out, the City’s wastewater flows are expected to increase substantially. As such, there are some areas of the existing collection system that cannot convey the build out PWWF within the established maximum flow to full flow (q/Q) ratio of 1.15. There are several localized driven improvements needed in the Downtown area (C-1 through C-7), and an additional upsizing for the pipeline along the City’s southern border that feeds the RWRF (C-8, C-10).

Four development driven projects (D-26A, D-26B, D-27A, D-27B) are identified within or along the borders of the West Area. Approximately 3.6 miles of public and privately-owned (i.e., homeowner’s responsibility)sewer system drainage lines are proposed to serve the West Area at buildout. The City does not currently collect supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data for their lift stations. Were feasible, Collection System Master Plan (Carollo, 2015) recommends that upgrades be performed to allow for proper flow monitoring data acquisition, which will help confirm lift station capacity and monitor lift station performance.

Additional agricultural or urban water reuse in the future is a possibility with additional distribution and/or treatment facilities. The RWRF currently delivers approximately 4,700 AFY (Water Systems Consulting Inc., 2021) of undisinfected secondary effluent to growers of non-food crops within the City. An additional 1,400 acres could be served with an expansion of the conveyance system or the establishment of an exchange agreement with FID. Within the West Area, approximately 6.3 miles of new recycled water distribution pipelines are planned to be constructed by buildout.

The 2010 Recycled Water Master Plan outlines three locations for potential regional recharge areas. Also referenced as a “super recharge basin”, one of the regional recharge areas is located partially within the West Area. If the basins are constructed, a portion of the recharge water could be made up of recycled water, provided there is at least 6 months travel time from the super recharge basin to the nearest drinking water well (Carollo, 2010).

STORMWATER AND FLOOD CONTROL
The stormwater and flood control systems are discussed below.

General Description and Summary of the Storm Drain System The Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District (FMFCD) has primary responsibility for managing the local stormwater flows for the City, as well as a large area beyond the City’s boundaries. The City’s stormwater drains to urban stormwater basins, where it is retained for groundwater recharge or pumped to local irrigation canals owned by Fresno Irrigation District (FID) and then conveyed away from the municipal area.

The City of Fresno is located in the alluvial fans of numerous foothill streams and creeks that drain the western slope of the Sierra Nevada foothills. These streams include Big Dry Creek, Alluvial Drain, Pup Creek, Dog Creek, Redbank Creek, Mud Creek, and Fancher Creek. The City has hot dry summers and cool mild winters, with temperatures of mid-90°F in the summer and 60°F in the winter. The precipitation averages 11 inches per year (FMFCD, 2019) and occurs almost entirely in the fall, winter, and spring.

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Regionally, the City is protected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (Corps) Redbank-Fancher Creeks Flood Control Project. This project includes dams, detention basins, and levees designed to control upstream flood flows to approximately the 200-year storm event. Major facilities of this project include levee systems, the Big Dry Creek, Fancher Creek, and Redbank Creek dams and reservoirs, and the Alluvial Drain, Redbank Creek, Pup Creek, Fancher Creek, Big Dry Creek, Pup Creek Enterprise, and Dry Creek Extension detention basins.

Locally, the District’s drainage system consists of approximately 680 miles of pipeline and more than 150 stormwater retention basins. The storm drainage pipeline system is designed to accept the peak flow rate of runoff from a two-year intensity storm event (a storm that has a 50 percent probability of occurring in any given year). When storm events occur that exceed the two-year intensity, ponding begins to occur in the streets until the pipeline system can remove the water. In the event of larger storms, “major storm breakover”, the District has planned for streets or other conveyance to move the excess runoff to the basins (FMFCD, 2019).

The drainage system discharges to a system of irrigation canals, creeks, and the San Joaquin River, but is designed to retain and infiltrate as much runoff as possible into the underlying groundwater aquifer. The local drainage service area is subdivided into over 160 drainage areas, most of which drain to a retention basin. Drainage channels within the West Area include:
• East Branch Victoria Canal • Teague School Canal
• Epstein Canal • Tracy Ditch
• Herndon Canal • West Branch Victoria Canal
• Minor Thornton Ditch • Wheaton Ditch
• Silvia Ditch • Austin Ditch
The West Area is drained by 15 drainage watersheds, six of which are fully within the West Area, and nine of which drain to areas immediately south or west of the West Area. There are seven existing retention basins within the West Area and an additional five that serve the West Area. An additional basin is planned to serve the drainage shed in the far southwestern corner of the West Area. The West Area’s storm drain system is shown on Figure 4.

Floodplain Mapping
Flood Hazards in the City are described in the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)’s January 20, 2016 Flood Insurance Study but are largely based on hydraulic modeling performed in 1981 (FEMA, 2016). Although the West Area’s northern boundary is very near the San Joaquin River, the area is not within a Special Flood Hazard Area. Local flooding can occur for events larger than a 2-year event, but runoff is generally contained in the streets or other breakover easements. Such flooding is not reflected on FEMA’s maps.

Improvements to storm drainage facilities are accomplished either as a part of privately funded on-site developments or as a part of the master plan, funded by drainage fees. FMFCD maintains an on-going update to the system hydraulic model for flood control and prepares a capital improvement plan update every 5 years.

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Climate Change
Climate change is likely to increase the volume, frequency, and intensity of events in the future in the Central Valley (DWR, 2017).

Stormwater and Flood Control Issues and Opportunities
Stormwater and Flood Control Issues and Opportunities are discussed below.

Stormwater represents a water supply opportunity that the City is currently leveraging with its extensive recharge basin system. Infiltration of captured stormwater allows groundwater to be recharged, improves overall water quality, and reduces the need for additional other water supplies.

Since the system is designed to handle approximately a two-year event within the underground drainage system, a significant amount of drainage is conveyed in the streets or through “major storm breakover” conveyances to detention/retention flood basins. This tends to result in shallow flooding over significant areas during larger events, but coupled with large regional flood control projects, the system can handle up to a 200-year, 30-day event.

There is significant storm drainage infrastructure remaining to be constructed to serve the West Area.

About 32 miles of additional drainage pipelines is anticipated to be constructed to meet buildout needs.

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REFERENCES
California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Valley Region, 2019. Waste Discharge Requirements for Cities of Fresno and Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility – Fresno County.

Carollo, 2010. City of Fresno Recycled Water Master Plan. Carollo Engineers. December, 2010.

Carollo, 2015. City of Fresno Wastewater Collection System Master Plan Update. Carollo Engineers. September, 2015.

DWR, 2018. Bulletin 118 Groundwater Basins Subject to Critical Conditions of Overdraft – Update based on 2018 Final Basin Boundary Modification.

Dyett & Bhatia, 2014. Fresno General Plan. Dyett & Bhatia. December 18, 2014.

Fresno, 2017. Fresno General Plan 2015-2023 Housing Element. Revised January 2017.

Fresno, 2018. Better Process, Better Product from Undisinfected Secondary Effluent to Tertiary Disinfected Recycled Water Production and Distribution. City of Fresno. July 19, 2018.

Fresno, 2019. Mayor’s Proposed Fiscal Year 2020 Budget City of Fresno California. May 22, 2019.

FMFCD, 2019. Draft Annual Budget Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2020. Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District. 2019. Pp. 4-5.

Provost & Pritchard, 2016. City of Fresno 2015 Urban Water Management Plan. Provost & Pritchard Consulting Group. June 2016.

Water Solutions, 2015. Water Supply Augmentation Feasibility Report.

Water Systems Consulting, 2021. City of Fresno Urban Water Management Plan. Water Systems Consulting, Inc.

September 2021
West Yost, 2014. City of Fresno Water Master Plan Draft. West Yost Associates. August 2014. 0 1.5 3
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Location Map
Fresno SPWA
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W Herndon Ave
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CITY OF FRESNO

SPECIFIC PLAN

OF THE WEST AREA
99 Sources: Fresno County; City of Fresno. Map date: August 2, 2019.

LEGEND
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Boun d ary
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CITY OF FRESNO

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CITY OF FRESNO

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OF THE WEST AREA
99 Sources: Fresno County; City of Fresno; Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District. Map date: August 7, 2019.

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APPENDIX E
Water Supply Assessment

PREPARED BY
West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan
Water Supply Assessment

PREPARED FOR
City of Fresno
FINAL REPORT | JANUARY 2022
FINAL REPORT | JANUARY 2022
EARYEAR2020
West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan
Water Supply Assessment
Prepared for
City of Fresno
Project No. 487-60-19-16
January 2022
Project Manager: Jim P. Connell, PE Date
January 2022
QA/QC Review: Elizabeth T. Drayer, PE Date
0-487-60-19-16-WP-01 WSA
i City of Fresno
January 2022
Table of Contents
Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................1 Purpose of Water Supply Assessment.................................................................................................... 1 Proposed Project Overview.................................................................................................................... 1 Water Demands and Supply Availability ................................................................................................ 1 Water Supply Assessment Approval Process......................................................................................... 3

1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................................4

1.1 Legal Requirement for Water Supply Assessment........................................................................... 4

1.2 Need for and Purpose of Water Supply Assessment ....................................................................... 4

1.3 Water Supply Assessment Preparation, Format and Organization.................................................. 4

2.0 Description of Proposed Project....................................................................................................6

2.1 Proposed Project Location ............................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Proposed Land Uses and Unit Factors.............................................................................................. 6

2.3 Projected Water Demand................................................................................................................. 8

2.3.1 Acreage and Assumptions....................................................................................................... 8

2.3.2 Water Demand Calculations................................................................................................... 8

3.0 Required Determinations ...........................................................................................................13

3.1 Does SB 610 apply to the Proposed Project? ................................................................................. 13

3.2 Who is the Identified Public Water System?.................................................................................. 13

3.3 Does the City have an adopted Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and does the UWMP include the projected water demand for the Proposed Project? ............... 14

4.0 City of Fresno Water Service Area ...............................................................................................15

4.1 Water Service Area......................................................................................................................... 15

4.2 Population ...................................................................................................................................... 15

4.3 Climate............................................................................................................................................ 15

5.0 City of Fresno Water Demands....................................................................................................17

5.1 Historical and Existing Water Demand........................................................................................... 17

5.2 Future Water Demand.................................................................................................................... 17

5.3 Dry Year Water Demand................................................................................................................. 18

6.0 City of Fresno Water Supplies.....................................................................................................20

6.1 Existing Water Supplies.................................................................................................................. 21

6.1.1 Surface Water Contracts....................................................................................................... 21

6.1.1.1 Surface Water Supplies through FID Agreement ........................................................ 21

6.1.1.2 Surface Water Supplies through USBR Contract......................................................... 21 0-487-60-19-16-WP-01 WSA
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Table of Contents

6.1.2 Groundwater......................................................................................................................... 22

6.1.2.1 Groundwater Overview............................................................................................... 22

6.1.2.2 Basin Description......................................................................................................... 23

6.1.2.3 Conditions of Overdraft............................................................................................... 23

6.1.2.4 Groundwater Management ........................................................................................ 23

6.1.2.5 Historical Groundwater Use........................................................................................ 24

6.1.2.6 Projected Future Groundwater Use............................................................................ 24

6.1.2.7 Groundwater Sufficiency............................................................................................. 25

6.2 Future Water Projects.................................................................................................................... 25

6.3 Summary of Existing and Additional Planned Future Water Supplies ........................................... 26

6.4 Water Supply Availability and Reliability........................................................................................ 26

6.4.1 Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years ......................................................................... 26

6.4.2 Emergency Water Supply Conditions ................................................................................... 28

7.0 Determination of Water Supply Sufficiency Based on the Requirements of SB 610 .......................29

8.0 Water Supply Assessment Approval Process ...............................................................................31

9.0 References.................................................................................................................................32

LIST OF TABLES
Table ES-1. City of Fresno Water Demand Versus Water Supply During Hydrologic Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years, af/yr.............................................................. 2 Table 2-1. Land Use and Unit Factors for the Proposed Project............................................................ 8 Table 2-2. Land Uses and Projected Demands for the Proposed Project .............................................. 9 Table 4-1. City of Fresno Existing and Projected Population ............................................................... 15 Table 4-2. City of Fresno Climate Data................................................................................................. 16 Table 5-1. Historical Water Demand, af/yr .......................................................................................... 17 Table 5-2. Projected Future Water Demand at 2045........................................................................... 18 Table 5-3. Projected Future Dry Year Water Demand, af/yr................................................................ 19 Table 6-1. City of Fresno Historical Groundwater Production, af/yr ................................................... 24 Table 6-2. City of Fresno Projected Future Groundwater Production in Normal and Dry Years, af/yr............................................................................................................ 25 Table 6-3. City of Fresno Historical and Projected Water Supplies...................................................... 26 Table 6-4. Multiple Dry Year Water Supply, af-ft/yr ............................................................................ 27 Table 7-1. City of Fresno Water Demand Versus Water Supply During Hydrologic Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years, af/yr ............................................................. 29 0-487-60-19-16-WP-01 WSA
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Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1. Location Map........................................................................................................................ 7 Figure 2-2. General Plan Land Uses...................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2-3. Specific Plan Land Uses ...................................................................................................... 12

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
af/yr Acre-Feet Per Year 1
CASGEM California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring 22 CEQA California Environmental Quality Act 12
City City of Fresno 1
CVP Central Valley Project 1
DWR Department of Water Resources 22
EIR Environmental Impact Report 1
FARGMP Fresno Area Regional Groundwater Management Plan 23 FID Fresno Irrigation District 1
FMFCD Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan 23
mgd Million Gallons Per Day 20
NESWTF Northeast Surface Water Treatment Facility 24
NFWRF North Fresno Wastewater Reclamation Facility 1
NKGSA North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency 23
Proposed Project Proposed West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan 1 RWRF Fresno/Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility 1 SB 221 Senate Bill 221 5
SB 610 Senate Bill 610 1
SESWTF Southeast Surface Water Treatment Facility 24
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act 22
SOI Sphere of Influence 1
SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board 17
USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation 1
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan 1
WSA Water Supply Assessment 1
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan 26
0-487-60-19-16-WP-01 WSA
1 City of Fresno
January 2022
West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan
Water Supply Assessment

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Purpose of Water Supply Assessment
The purpose of this Water Supply Assessment (WSA) is to perform the evaluation required by California Water Code sections 10910 through 10915, as established by Senate Bill 610 (SB 610), in connection with the City of Fresno’s (City) proposed West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan (Proposed Project), and to support the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) being prepared for the Proposed Project. This WSA evaluates the adequacy of the City’s total projected water supplies, including existing water supplies and future planned water supplies, to meet the City’s existing and projected future water demands, including those future water demands associated with the Proposed Project, under all hydrologic conditions (Normal Years, Single Dry Years, and Multiple Dry Years).

Proposed Project Overview
The Proposed Project is a Specific Plan that includes residential land use at various densities, commercial areas, various public facilities, parks, and light industrial land uses. The Proposed Project area encompasses approximately 7,077 acres within the City of Fresno’s Sphere of Influence (SOI) and resides partially within the City Limits. The Proposed Project is located west of State Route 99. It is bounded on the south by West Clinton Avenue and to the west by Grantland and Garfield Avenues. The northern boundary of the Proposed Project is also south of the San Joaquin River.

The Proposed Project meets the definition of a “Project” per California Water Code sections 10910 through 10915, as established by SB 610 in 2001, thus requiring the preparation of this WSA (see Section 3.1 below).

Water Demands and Supply Availability
Projected water demands for buildout of the Proposed Project total approximately 23,349 acre-feet per year (af/yr). This projected water demand is 381 af/yr less than the water demand projected for the Plan Area under the General Plan land use. The water demand for the land use documented in the General Plan was included in the City’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) as part of the general projections for future population and water demand growth.

It is anticipated that the Proposed Project, if approved by the City, would be served from the City’s existing and future portfolio of water supplies. The City currently receives water from four water supply sources:
• Surface water that is delivered to the city by two separate sources:
— Fresno Irrigation District (FID) Agreement for Kings River water. — United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Central Valley Project (CVP) Friant Division Contract for San Joaquin River water.
• Groundwater that is pumped from groundwater wells located within the City. • Recycled water that is treated at the Fresno/Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility (RWRF) and North Fresno Wastewater Reclamation Facility (NFWRF). This water is planned to be used for non-potable uses.

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The City has always met system water demand, regardless of regional hydrology. The City expects reductions from normal-year supply during single or multiple dry years but is still projected to meet demands. In the event of a water shortage, the City would implement demand reduction measures as outlined in its Water Shortage Contingency Plan, which would apply to all customers, including those within the Proposed Project area. The projected available water supplies and water demands (including the Proposed Project) through 2045 are shown in Table ES-1. As shown in Table ES-1, available water supplies are more than sufficient to meet the projected water demands for the next 20 years.

Pursuant to Water Code section 10910(c)(4), and based on the technical analyses described in this Water Supply Assessment, this Water Supply Assessment demonstrates that the City’s existing and additional planned future water supplies are sufficient to meet the City’s existing and projected future water demands, including those future water demands associated with the Proposed Project, to the year 2045 under all hydrologic conditions (including Normal Years, Single Dry Years, and Multiple Dry Years).

Table ES-1. City of Fresno Water Demand Versus Water Supply During Hydrologic Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years, af/yr
Hydrologic Condition 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Normal Year(a)
Available Water Supply 329,030 341,140 346,610 352,000 357,330 Total Water Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447 Potential Surplus (Deficit) 129,826 128,384 124,300 120,124 115,883 Percent Shortfall of Demand - - - - -
Single Dry Year(b)
Available Water Supply 189,852 195,392 200,862 206,252 211,582 Total Water Demand 164,092 176,132 184,174 192,228 200,287 Potential Surplus (Deficit) 25,760 19,260 16,688 14,024 11,295 Percent Shortfall of Demand - - - - -
Multiple Dry Years(c)
Multiple
Dry Year 1
Available Water
Supply 273,725 279,265 284,735 290,125 295,455
Total Water
Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 74,521 66,509 62,425 58,249 54,008
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
Multiple
Dry Year 2
Available Water
Supply 274,626 280,166 285,636 291,026 296,356
Total Water
Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 75,422 67,410 63,326 59,150 54,909
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
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Table ES-1. City of Fresno Water Demand Versus Water Supply During Hydrologic Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years, af/yr
Hydrologic Condition 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Multiple
Dry Year 3
Available Water
Supply 217,568 223,108 228,578 233,968 239,298
Total Water
Demand 190,267 193,637 197,736 201,753 205,708
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 27,301 29,471 30,842 32,215 33,590
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
Multiple
Dry Year 4
Available Water
Supply 189,852 195,392 200,862 206,252 211,582
Total Water
Demand 162,551 165,920 170,020 174,036 177,992
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 27,301 29,472 30,842 32,216 33,590
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
Multiple
Dry Year 5
Available Water
Supply 314,840 320,380 325,850 331,240 336,570
Total Water
Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 115,636 107,624 103,540 99,364 95,123 Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
(a) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-1.
(b) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-2.
(c) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-3.

Water Supply Assessment Approval Process
The Fresno City Council must approve this WSA at a regular or special meeting. Furthermore, the City must include this WSA in the Draft EIR that is being prepared for the Proposed Project.

In addition, SB 221 applies to residential subdivisions of over 500 dwelling units and requires that the water supplier provide a written verification that the water supply for the project is sufficient, prior to issuance of the final permits. Because the Proposed Project includes up to 57,891 residential dwelling units, it is subject to the requirements of SB 221 (Government Code section 66473.7).

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Legal Requirement for Water Supply Assessment
California Senate Bill 610 (SB 610) and Senate Bill 221 (SB 221) amended state law, effective January 1, 2002, to improve the link between information on water supply availability and certain land use decisions made by cities and counties. SB 610 and SB 221 were companion measures which sought to promote more collaborative planning between local water suppliers and cities and counties. Both statutes require detailed information regarding water availability to be provided to the city and county decision-makers prior to approval of specified large development projects. The purpose of this coordination is to ensure that prudent water supply planning has been conducted, and that planned water supplies are adequate to meet existing demands, anticipated demands from approved projects and tentative maps, and the demands of proposed projects.

SB 610 amended California Water Code sections 10910 through 10915 (inclusive) to require land use led agencies to:
• Identify any public water purveyor that may supply water for a proposed development project; and
• Request a WSA from the identified water purveyor.

The purpose of the WSA is to demonstrate the sufficiency of the purveyor’s water supplies to satisfy the water demands of the proposed project, while still meeting the water purveyor’s existing and planned future uses. Water Code sections 10910 through 10915 delineate the specific information that must be included in the WSA.

1.2 Need for and Purpose of Water Supply Assessment
The purpose of this WSA is to perform the evaluation required by Water Code sections 10910 through 10915 in connection with the City’s Proposed Project. It is not to reserve water, or to function as a “will serve” letter or any other form of commitment to supply water (see Water Code section 10914). The provision of water service will continue to be undertaken in a manner consistent with applicable City policies and procedures, consistent with existing law.

1.3 Water Supply Assessment Preparation, Format and Organization The format of this WSA is intended to follow Water Code sections 10910 through 10915 to clearly delineate compliance with the specific requirements for a WSA. The WSA includes the following sections:
• Section 1: Introduction
• Section 2: Description of Proposed Project
• Section 3: Required Determinations
• Section 4: City of Fresno Water Service Area
• Section 5: City of Fresno Water Demands
• Section 6: City of Fresno Water Supplies
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• Section 7: Determination of Water Supply Sufficiency Based on the Requirements of SB 610 • Section 8: Water Supply Assessment Approval Process
• Section 9: References
Relevant citations of Water Code sections 10910 through 10915 are included throughout this WSA in italics to demonstrate compliance with the specific requirements of SB 610.

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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT

2.1 Proposed Project Location
The Proposed Project is located within the City’s SOI and partially within the City Limits. The Proposed Project area encompasses approximately 7,077 acres of land, with approximately 63 percent residing within the City Limits. The Proposed Project is located west of State Route 99. It is bounded on the south by West Clinton Avenue, and to the west by Grantland and Garfield Avenues. The Plan Area includes the southwest portion of the unincorporated community of Highway City adjacent to State Route 99.

The Proposed Project is also south of the San Joaquin River. Figure 2-1 depicts the vicinity of the Proposed Project.

Currently, the Proposed Project area consists of both Urban and Built-Up land, farmland, or rural residential lots. The Proposed Project has approximately 3,070 acres of Urban and Built-Up land, 286 acres of Farmland of Statewide Importance, 509 acres of Unique Farmland, 1,563 acres of Farmland of Local Importance, and 1,650 acres of Vacant or Disturbed land and Rural Residential land in the Plan Area (De Novo, 2019).

The Proposed Project seeks to provide for the orderly and consistent development that promotes and establishes the West Area as a complete neighborhood with enhanced transportation infrastructure, development of core commercial centers, creation of additional parkland, and encouraging the development of a diverse housing stock. To fulfill this objective the Proposed Project will develop the Plan area for a wide variety of land uses including residential, commercial, office space, parks, and public facilities, as well as the required transportation and utility improvements (De Novo, 2019).

2.2 Proposed Land Uses and Unit Factors
The Proposed project land use plan utilizes the City’s existing 2014 General Plan (Dyett & Bhatia 2014) land use designations to maintain or re-designate some parcels in the West Area. However, the land uses in the General Plan don’t have assigned water demand factors. To remedy this, land uses from the General Plan were matched to the City’s 2014 Water Master Plan (West Yost, 2014) land uses, which have water demand factors, as shown in Table 2-1. These water use factors were derived from existing water consumption by existing land use in the 2007 Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update Phase 1 Baseline System Characterization (West Yost, 2007). The 2025-unit water demand factors were selected for the calculation of water demands, because they are more representative of future demands than the other unit factors from the Master Plan.

1.5 3
Scale in Miles

F R E S N O C O U N T Y

M A D E R A C O U N T Y

GARF EI LD AVE

CHURCH AVE

JENSEN AVE

BRAWLEY AVE

SHAW AVE

FOWLER AVE

CALIFORNIAAVE

FRIANT RD

CORNEL AI AVE

MCKINLEY AVE

OLIVE AVE

CEDAR AVE

ASHLAN AVE

CLINTON AVE

FRESNO ST

MARKS AVE

BELMONT AVE BELMONT AVE

HERNDON AVE

AMERICAN AVE

CENTRALAVE

NORTH AVE NORTH AVE

LINCOLN AVE

D CI KENSON AVE

JAMESON AVE

MCCALL AVE

CHATEAU FRESNO AVE
¬«180
¬«168
¬«41
¬«41
¬«99
¬«99
¬« ¬«41 45
37 RD
12 AVE
36 RD
35 RD
9AVE
13 AVE
30 RD
7AVE
15 AVE
145 RD
39 1/2 RD
10 AVE
8AVE
30 1/2 RD
33 1/2 RD

SANTA FE DR
11AVE
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M O N O C O .

T U O L U M N E
C O . S A N

J O A Q U I N
C O .

S T A N I S L A U S
C O .

M A R I P O S A
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M A D E R A C O .

M E R C E D
C O .

F R E S N O C O .

I N Y O C O .

S A N B E N I T O
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T U L A R E C O .

K I N G S
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S A N L U I S K E R N C O . O B I S P O
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Symbology
Fresno West Area Boundary
Fresno City Limits
Sphere of Influence
County Line
0 b
Figure 2-1
Location Map
Fresno West Area
Neighborhood Specific
Plan
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Table 2-1. Land Use and Unit Factors for the Proposed Project General Plan
Land Use Designation(a)
Water Master Plan
Land Use(b)
Water Master Plan
2025 Unit Factor, af/ac/yr(b)
Low, Medium Low, and Medium Single Family Residential 3.2 Medium High, Urban Neighborhood,
High, and Mixed Use Multi-Family Residential(c) 6.2
Office, Business Park, Mixed Use,
and Public Facilities Commercial/Institutional(c) 1.9
Light Industrial Industrial 1.9
Pocket Park, Neighborhood Park,
Community Park, and Regional Park Landscape Irrigation 2.9 Open Space and Ponding Basin Open Space(d)-
(a) From Notice of Preparation for the Specific Plan of the West Area (De Novo, 2019). (b) City of Fresno 2014 Water Master Plan, Table 3-5.
(c) Mixed Use land use included in both Multi-Family Residential and Commercial/Industrial Land Uses to account for multiple levels of development.
(d) Open Space does not have a water demands so it does not have a unit demand factor.

2.3 Projected Water Demand

2.3.1 Acreage and Assumptions
The Proposed Project will be a mixed-use development that will include various densities of residential units, commercial areas, various public facilities, parks, and light industrial land uses. The Proposed Project will include up to 57,891 Residential and Mixed-Use dwelling units, 319.1 acres of Commercial, 177.58 acres of Employment, up to 434.56 acres of Mixed-Use, 248.39 acres of Open Space, and 389.06 acres of Public Facilities. The Proposed Project land use differs from the General Plan land use for the Plan Area and is shown in detail in Table 2-2 For Mixed Use it was assumed for both the General Plan and Proposed Project that the area was both Multi-Family Residential and Commercial to provide a conservative estimate of water demands.

Losses were assumed to be 8 percent of total water deliveries, based on raw and potable water use data from the City’s 2020 UWMP (UWMP, 2020).

Land uses and water demands for the Plan Area under the General Plan and for the Proposed Project are summarized in Table 2-2. The proposed land uses for the Plan Area under the General Plan are shown on Figure 2-2 and the proposed land uses for the Proposed Project are shown in Figure 2-3.

2.3.2 Water Demand Calculations
Based on the water use factors described above, the projected water demand at buildout of the Proposed Project is shown in Table 2-2 The total water demand for the Proposed Project at buildout is projected to be approximately 23,349 af/yr. The Proposed Project is projected to use 381 af/yr less than the water demand projected using General Plan land uses for the Plan Area.

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Table 2-2. Land Uses and Projected Demands for the Proposed Project Land Use
General Plan,
Acres (a,b)
General Plan
Demand ac/yr
(c)
Specific Plan,
acres(a,b)
Specific Plan
Demand, ac/yr(c)
Low 817.79 2,616.9 516.57 1,653.0
Medium Low 825.97 2,643.1 1,456.98 4,662.3
Medium 2,357.00 7,542.4 2,065.37 6,609.2
Medium High 349.42 2,166.4 275.55 1,708.4
Urban Neighborhood 428.61 2,657.4 171.64 1,064.2
High 65.76 407.7 51.33 318.2
Subtotal - Residential 4,844.55 18,033.9 4,537.44 16,015.3 Community 138.66 263.5 52.74 100.2
Recreation 41.34 78.5 41.34 78.5
General 143.21 272.1 220.78 419.5
Regional 0.00 0.0 4.24 8.1
Subtotal - Commercial 323.21 614.1 319.10 606.3
Office 7.51 14.3 88.81 168.7
Business Park 77.11 146.5 56.02 106.4
Light Industrial 33.13 0.0 32.75 0.0
Subtotal - Employment 117.75 160.8 177.58 275.1
Neighborhood 0.00 0.0 255.95 2,073.2
Corridor/Center 106.19 860.1 96.00 777.6
Regional 144.72 1,172.2 82.61 669.1
Subtotal - Mixed Use 250.91 2,032.3 434.56 3,519.9
Pocket Park 2.45 7.1 1.55 4.5
Neighborhood Park 83.71 242.8 86.26 250.2
Community Park 38.18 110.7 24.20 70.2
Regional Park 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0
Open Space 6.79 0.0 6.79 0.0
Ponding Basin 107.18 0.0 129.59 0.0
Subtotal - Open Space 238.31 360.6 248.39 324.9
Public Facility 21.78 41.4 27.42 52.1
Church 11.59 22.0 55.80 106.0
Special School 18.38 34.9 18.38 34.9
Elementary School 81.82 155.5 91.82 174.5
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Table 2-2. Land Uses and Projected Demands for the Proposed Project Land Use
General Plan,
Acres (a,b)
General Plan
Demand ac/yr
(c)
Specific Plan,
acres(a,b)
Specific Plan
Demand, ac/yr(c)
Elementary/Middle/
High School 145.37 276.2 145.37 276.2
High School 46.95 89.2 46.95 89.2
Fire Station 5.52 10.5 3.32 6.3
Subtotal - Public
Facilities
331.41 629.7 389.06 739.2
Losses(d)- 1,898.4 - 1,867.9
Total 6,106.14 23,729.8 6,106.13 23,348.6
(a) From Notice of Preparation for the Specific Plan of the West Area (De Novo, 2019), Table 1. (b) Totals and Subtotals may differ from the Notice of Preparation due to rounding. (c) Demands calculated using unit demand factors from Table 2-1. (d) Losses are assumed to be 8 percent of water use. Based on the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 4-1 and Section 4.2.2. 0 2,500 5,000
Scale in Feet

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1. General Plan land uses and land use
type for the West Area come from
Figure 4 in the Specific Plan of the West
Area, prepared by De Novo, 2019.

Symbology
Fresno West Area Boundary
Sphere of Influence
County Line

GARFIELD AVE

SHAW AVE SHAW AVE

MARKSAVE

PALM AVE PALM AVE

ASHLAN AVE ASHLAN AVE

VAN NESS BLVD

POLK AVE

WEST AVE

HAYESAVE

CLINTON AVE CLINTON AVE

MCKINLEY AVE

GOLDEN STATE BLVD

WEBER AVE

SIERRAAVE

FRUITAVE

SHIELDS AVE

BRYAN AVE

GRANTLAND AVE

HERNDON AVE HERNDON AVE

CHATEAU FRESNO AVE
¬«99
¬«99
Figure 2-2
General Plan Land
Uses
Fresno West Area
Neighborhood Specific Plan
0 2,500 5,000
Scale in Feet

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1. Specific Plan land uses and land use
type for the West Area come from
Figure 6 in the Specific Plan of the West
Area, prepared by De Novo, 2019.

Symbology
Fresno West Area Boundary
Sphere of Influence
County Line

GARFIELD AVE
Figure 2-3
Specific Plan Land
Uses
Fresno West Area
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3.0 REQUIRED DETERMINATIONS

3.1 Does SB 610 apply to the Proposed Project?
10910 (a) Any city or county that determines that a project, as defined in Section 10912, is subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code) under Section 21080 of the Public Resources Code shall comply with this part. 10912 (a) “Project” means any of the following:
(1) A proposed residential development of more than 500 dwelling units. (2) A proposed shopping center or business establishment employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than 500,000 square feet of floor space.
(3) A proposed commercial office building employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than 250,000 square feet of floor space.
(4) A proposed hotel or motel, or both, having more than 500 rooms. (5) A proposed industrial, manufacturing, or processing plant, or industrial park planned to house more than 1,000 persons, occupying more than 40 acres of land, or having more than 650,000 square feet of floor area.
(6) A mixed-use project that includes one or more of the projects specified in this subdivision. (7) A project that would demand an amount of water equivalent to, or greater than, the amount of water required by a 500-dwelling unit project.

Based on the following facts, SB 610 does apply to the Proposed Project. • The City of Fresno has determined that the Proposed Project is subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and that an EIR is required. • The Proposed Project includes residential, commercial, and light industrial land uses, and therefore is a mixed-use project. The Proposed Project includes up to 57,891 residential dwelling units, up to 52,810,184 sf of retail, and up to 3,868,564 sf of commercial office buildings therefore meets the definition of a “Project” as specified in Water Code section 10912(a) paragraph (1), paragraph (3), and possibly others. The Proposed Project therefore meets the definition of a “Project” as specified in Water Code section 10912(a) paragraph (6) for mixed-use projects.

The Proposed Project has not been the subject of a previously adopted WSA and has not been included in an adopted WSA for a larger project. Therefore, according to Water Code section 10910(a), a WSA is required for the Proposed Project.

3.2 Who is the Identified Public Water System?
10910(b) The city or county, at the time that it determines whether an environmental impact report, a negative declaration, or a mitigated negative declaration is required for any project subject to the California Environmental Quality Act pursuant to Section 21080.1 of the Public Resources Code, shall identify any water system that is, or may become as a result of supplying water to the project identified pursuant to this subdivision, a public water system, as defined by Section 10912, that may supply water for the project 10912 (c) “Public water system” means a system for the provision of piped water to the public for human consumption that has 3,000 or more service connections.

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As shown on Figure 2-1, the majority of the Proposed Project is located within the City of Fresno’s Limits.

The City’s water system service area includes most areas within the City Limits. Therefore, the City is the identified public water system for the Proposed Project.

3.3 Does the City have an adopted Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and does the UWMP include the projected water demand for the Proposed Project?
10910(c)(1) The city or county, at the time it makes the determination required under Section 21080.1 of the Public Resources Code, shall request each public water system identified pursuant to subdivision (b) to determine whether the projected water demand associated with a proposed project was included as part of the most recently adopted urban water management plan adopted pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610).

The City’s most recently adopted UWMP was adopted by the Fresno City Council in July 2021 and is incorporated by reference into this WSA1. The City’s 2020 UWMP included water demand projections for current water demands within the City (baseline demand) and anticipated water demands associated with future development projects and planning areas within the City’s General Plan SOI through 2045.

Water demands for the Proposed Project are not specifically designated in the City’s 2020 UWMP.

However, the General Plan planning area (the SOI) was included in the UWMP and the Specific Plan is the implementation of the General Plan with slightly different land use types, so the Proposed Project is included in the City’s 2020 UWMP. The City’s ability to meet the projected water demands for the Proposed Project is described in Section 7 of this WSA. 1 City of Fresno 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, prepared by Water Systems Consulting, Inc., July 2021.

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4.0 CITY OF FRESNO WATER SERVICE AREA

4.1 Water Service Area
The City of Fresno is located in San Joaquin Valley in Fresno County, California, and was incorporated in 1885.

The existing incorporated area of the City encompasses approximately 115 square miles (2020 UWMP). The City’s General Plan includes the City’s SOI, the area outside of the City limits that the City expects to annex and urbanize in the future.

With a few exceptions, the City’s water service area is coterminous with the City Limits. As future developments within the SOI, but outside the City Limits, are approved, they will be annexed into the City and served by the City water system. Figure 2-1 illustrates the current City Limits and the SOI.

4.2 Population
The City experienced rapid growth since it was founded by the Central Pacific Railroad in 1872 up through the mid-1990s, when the City’s annual growth rate was typically greater than 2 percent. From 1995 to 2015, the annual growth rate has decreased to an average of 1.3 percent, and since 2015, the rate has not surpassed 1.0 percent.

The population served by the City Water Division is slightly higher than the City’s population after adding unincorporated areas served by the City and removing areas within the City limits served by private water companies, special districts, or private wells. The City acquired County service areas and facilities in 1989, which increased the service area population to slightly greater than the City population since 1990.

According to the City’s Planning and Development Department, the City’s water service area population is anticipated to continue to grow along with the City, with some slightly higher growth years anticipated within the next 10 years due to multiple large developments planned for completion in the near term.

The long-term water service area population annual growth rate is expected to be 1.44 percent between 2020 and 2056 to account for absorbing these areas into the City’s water system. Population buildout is expected by 2056.

Table 4-1 shows the City’s projected population in five-year increments to the year 2045.

Table 4-1. City of Fresno Existing and Projected Population Years 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Population Projection(a) 550,217 609,433 674,677 719,327 765,278 812,529 (a) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 3-3.

4.3 Climate
The City’s service area is in California’s San Joaquin Valley in Fresno County along Highway 99. The climate of the area is best described as Mediterranean, characterized by hot dry summers and cool winters.

Precipitation in the area averages around 11 inches per year, as shown in Table 4-2. As shown by the average evapotranspiration (ETₒ) and temperature values in Table 4-2, the City’s water use in the summer months is significantly higher than in the winter, reflecting increased water use for irrigation purposes during the hot, dry summers.

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Table 4-2. City of Fresno Climate Data(a)
Month
Average ETo,
inches
Average Rainfall,
inches
Average Min
Temperature, F
Average Max
Temperature, F
January 1.17 2.33 56.9 37.4
February 1.98 1.8 62.6 39.8
March 3.73 1.99 68.4 43.6
April 5.43 0.99 73.7 46.9
May 7.33 0.54 81.3 53.2
June 8.41 0.19 89.6 59.1
July 8.8 0.02 95.7 63.8
August 7.82 0.01 94.6 62.5
September 5.69 0.07 89.6 57.9
October 3.68 0.59 79.3 49.3
November 1.85 0.98 66.2 40.6
December 1.1 1.83 56.5 36.1
Annual Totals/Average 56.99 11.34 76.2 49.2
(a) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 3-2.

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5.0 CITY OF FRESNO WATER DEMANDS
10910(c)(2) If the projected water demand associated with the proposed project was accounted for in the most recently adopted urban water management plan, the public water system may incorporate the requested information from the urban water management plan in preparing the elements of the assessment required to comply with subdivisions (d), (e), (f), and (g).

The descriptions provided below for the City’s water demands have been taken, for the most part, from the City’s 2020 UWMP, which was adopted in July 2021. Supplemental information from other available reports has been included to provide the most recent data available and to meet the specific requirements of SB 610.

5.1 Historical and Existing Water Demand
The City’s water demand has decreased as a result of the economic downturn of 2008 through 2011, water use reductions in response to recent drought conditions, and metering of residential properties.

Since 2013, all water services in the City’s water service area have been metered. Single family residential water use has decreased since the Single-Family Metering Program was completed in 2013. Landscape irrigation demands did decrease in 2015 and 2016, likely due to the drought restrictions, and continue to recover after the drought ended in 2017. Table 5-1 shows the City’s historical water demands for 2005, 2010, and 2013-2020.

Table 5-1. Historical Water Demand, af/yr
2013(a) 2014(a) 2015(a) 2016(a) 2017(a) 2018(a) 2019(a) 2020(b) Total Potable and
Raw Water Demand 133,692 122,191 102,308 103,045 110,525 110,725 106,500 121,993 (a) City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Figure-4-1.
(b) City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 4-2.

5.2 Future Water Demand
The City’s 2045 projected water demand at buildout (based on existing water demand, the projected demands for the West Area under the General Plan, the difference in demands for the West Area between the Specific Plan and the General Plan, and undefined future developments) is summarized in Table 5-2.

The General Plan is expected to be built out by 2056, but for the purposes of this WSA the West Area was assumed to be annexed and built out by 2045. The City’s preliminary water demand projections for the West Area under the General Plan were higher than for the Specific Plan, resulting in a negative value if the Proposed Project is built instead of the General Plan.

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Table 5-2. Projected Future Water Demand at 2045
Units, af/yr Water Demand
Current (2020) Water Demand(a) 121,993
General Plan for West Area(b) 23,730
Subtotal (without Project) 145,723
Project (West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan)(b,c)-381 Subtotal (with Project) 145,723
Undefined Future Developments(d) 95,724
Total Water Demand 241,447
(a) Data from Table 5-1 of this WSA.
(b) Data from Table 2-2 of this WSA.
(c) Difference between West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan and General Plan for West Area. (d) Balance between Subtotal (with Project) and Total Water Demand.

5.3 Dry Year Water Demand
As shown in Table 5-1, the City’s 2015 water demand was significantly lower than the 2013 demand in response to the drought and the Governor’s April 2015 Executive Order B-29-15 mandating 25 percent water conservation statewide. To reduce water use by 25 percent statewide, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) adopted a regulation which placed each urban water supplier into one of nine tiers which are assigned a conservation standard, ranging between 4 percent and 36 percent. Each month, the SWRCB compared every urban water suppliers’ water use with their use for the same month in 2013 to determine if they were on track for meeting their conservation standard. The City of Fresno was initially placed into Tier 7 with a water conservation standard of 28 percent as compared to 2013 use (the City’s conservation standard was reduced to 25 percent in early 2016) (SWRCB, 2015; SWRCB, 2016).

The City has adopted a set of restrictions on water usage that helps promote water conservation and overall water use consumption. The City Municipal Code contains sections on water conservation that are to take place under normal water supply conditions. These measures are mandated year-round and can be found in detail in Section 6-520(a) of the City’s Municipal Code. The City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan, outlined in Section 8 and Appendix J of the City’s 2020 UWMP, includes a five-stage plan describing specific actions to reduce water demand more than 50 percent in the event of a water supply shortage or emergency. Demand is expected to decrease as the City implements water conservation measures in response to multiple dry years or other supply changes (City of Fresno 2020 UWMP).

Table 5-3 presents the projected future dry year potable water demand.

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Table 5-3. Projected Future Dry Year Water Demand, af/yr Hydrologic Condition 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Single Dry Year(a) 164,092 176,132 184,174 192,228 200,287 Multiple Dry Year
First Year(b) 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Multiple Dry Years
Second Year(b) 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Multiple Dry Years
Third Year(b) 190,267 193,637 197,736 201,753 205,708
Multiple Dry Years
Fourth Year(b) 162,551 165,920 170,020 174,036 177,992
Multiple Dry Years
Fifth Year(b) 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
(a) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-2.
(b) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-3.

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6.0 CITY OF FRESNO WATER SUPPLIES
10910(c)(2) If the projected water demand associated with the proposed project was accounted for in the most recently adopted urban water management plan, the public water system may incorporate the requested information from the urban water management plan in preparing the elements of the assessment required to comply with subdivisions (d), (e), (f) and (g).
10910(d)(1) The assessment required by this section shall include an identification of any existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts relevant to the identified water supply for the proposed project, and a description of the quantities of water received in prior years by the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), under the existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts 10910(d)(2) An identification of existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts held by the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), shall be demonstrated by providing information related to all of the following:
(A) Written contracts or other proof of entitlement to an identified water supply. (B) Copies of a capital outlay program for financing the delivery of a water supply that has been adopted by the public water system.
(C) Federal, state, and local permits for construction of necessary infrastructure associated with delivering the water supply.
(D) Any necessary regulatory approvals that are required in order to be able to convey or deliver the water supply.
10910(e) If no water has been received in prior years by the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), under the existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts, the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), shall also include in its water supply assessment pursuant to subdivision (c), an identification of the other public water systems or water service contract-holders that receive a water supply or have existing water supply entitlements, water rights, or water service contracts, to the same source of water as the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), has identified as a source of water supply within its water supply assessments.

It is anticipated that the Proposed Project, if approved by the City, would be served from City’s existing and future portfolio of water supplies. The inclusion of existing and planned future water supplies is specifically allowed by the Water Code:

Water Code section 10631(b): Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).

The water supply for the Proposed Project will have the same water supply reliability and water quality as the water supply available to the City’s other existing and future water customers. Proponents of individual developments within the Proposed Project area will provide their proportionate share of required funding to the City for the acquisition and delivery of treated potable and recycled water supplies to the Proposed Project area.

The water supplies needed to serve the Proposed Project (together with existing water demands and planned future uses) are described in the City’s 2020 UWMP. Therefore, the descriptions provided below for the City’s water supplies have been taken, for the most part, from the City’s 2020 UWMP, which was adopted in July 2021. Supplemental information from other available reports has also been included to provide the most recent data available and to meet the specific requirements of SB 610.

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6.1 Existing Water Supplies
The City currently receives water supplies from four sources:
• Surface water contract water that is delivered to the City by two separate sources:
— FID Agreement for Kings River water.
— USBR Central Valley Project (CVP) Friant Division Contract for San Joaquin River water. • Groundwater that is pumped from groundwater wells located within the City. • Recycled water that is treated at the RWRF and NFWRF. This water may only be used for non-potable uses.

Each of these existing supplies is described below.

6.1.1 Surface Water Contracts
The cumulative supply these contracts bring to the City provide the opportunity to construct surface water treatment facilities and optimize the use of these supplies. This conjunctive use approach continues the process of allowing the groundwater system to recover. Each of the surface water supplies is summarized in the following two sections (City of Fresno 2020 UWMP).

6.1.1.1 Surface Water Supplies through FID Agreement
In May of 1976 the City of Fresno and FID executed an agreement that stipulated that as land is annexed to the City, the City will receive a pro rata share of FID’s Kings River entitlement; this agreement was revised, amended, and restated in December, 20162. The pro rata share is based on the area annexed to the City, and within FID’s boundaries, as compared to the total area of FID’s water service area. The agreement stipulates the allocation amount will be reviewed each year by the two agencies to address new annexations to the City. So, as the City annexes new areas the allocation will increase up to the limits stipulated in the 2016 agreement. Utilizing GIS, there will be approximately 71,925 acres of land within the SOI and within FID’s water service boundaries at SOI buildout, excluding Bakman Water Company, CSU Fresno, and County islands.

As the City incorporates new land area into its service area, the percentage of FID supply increases.

However, the 2016 FID Agreement sets the maximum percentage as 29.0 percent, although the City’s service area is anticipated to expand and encompass more than 29.0 percent of FID’s service area between 2025 and 2030. In 2020, the City’s percentage of overall FID Kings deliveries was 25.79 percent.

The supply projections in this plan limit the City’s FID supply with the 29.0 percent cap, but if the agreement were revised in the future the City’s FID allocation percentage could grow beyond 29.0 percent as the water service area expands (City of Fresno 2020 UWMP).

6.1.1.2 Surface Water Supplies through USBR Contract
The City, through an agreement originally executed in January of 1961, secured a surface water supply from USBR CVP - Friant Division. This agreement, for an annual water supply of 60,000 af of Class 1 water, was last renewed in 2010 as a Section 9(d) Contract that provides water from the San Joaquin River in perpetuity. The USBR CVP – Friant Division facilities generally include: Friant Dam (Millerton Reservoir); 2 Revised, Amended, and Restated Cooperative Agreement between Fresno Irrigation District and City of Fresno for Water Utilization and Conveyance, dated December 20, 2016.

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the Friant Kern Canal; and the Madera Canal. The Friant-Kern Canal is maintained and operated by the Friant Water Authority. The USBR water supply is a wholesale supply.

Class 1 water was intended to be a supply that would be dependable in practically every year, regardless of the type of hydrologic water year. Class 2 water is essentially excess water available as determined by USBR and less reliable than Class 1 water. Class 1 water has historically been very reliable until the San Joaquin River Restoration Settlement and more recently by the restrictions on diversions from the Delta due to concerns over the declining health of Delta ecosystem (City of Fresno 2020 UWMP).

6.1.2 Groundwater
10910(f) If a water supply for a proposed project includes groundwater, the following additional information shall be included in the water supply assessment.
10910(f)(1) A review of any information contained in the urban water management plan relevant to the identified water supply for the proposed project.
10910(f)(2) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the proposed project will be supplied.

For those basins for which a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), has the legal right to pump under the order or decree. For basins that have not been adjudicated, information as to whether the department has identified the basin or basins as overdrafted or has projected that the basin will become overdrafted if present management conditions continue, in the most current bulletin of the department that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed description by the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), of the efforts being undertaken in the basin or basins to eliminate the long-term overdraft condition. 10910(f)(3) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater pumped by the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), for the past five years from any groundwater basin from which the proposed project will be supplied. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historical use records.

A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), from any basin from which the proposed project will be supplied. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historical use records. 10910(f)(4) An analysis of the sufficiency of the groundwater from the basin or basins from which the proposed project will be supplied to meet the projected water demand associated with the proposed project.

A water assessment shall not be required to include the information required by this paragraph if the public water system determines, as part of the review required by paragraph (1), that the sufficiency of groundwater necessary to meet the initial and projected water demand associated with the project was addressed in the description and analysis required by paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) of Section 10631.

6.1.2.1 Groundwater Overview
The City pumps groundwater from a portion of the Kings Subbasin underlying the City. The City’s 2020 UWMP states that the City has a network of over 270 municipal wells and currently operates approximately 202 municipal supply wells within the Kings Subbasin. Groundwater quality is a concern because the groundwater basin has several major contaminant plumes involving organic compounds, inorganic compounds, solvents, pesticides, and other contaminants. A number of the City’s wells are currently being treated or blended to address various contaminants. The total well capacity, when the City’s WMP was written, was approximately 460 mgd.

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6.1.2.2 Basin Description
The City’s wells are located within the northern part of the Kings Subbasin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin. The following section describes the Kings Subbasin, including its water-bearing formations, water levels, and water quality. Much of the following information has been incorporated from the City’s 2020 UWMP. Except where noted, the description of the sub-basin is based largely on information provided in the 2016 Department of Water Resources (DWR) Bulletin 118 Interim Update, in which the groundwater basin description was last updated in December 2016.

The Kings Subbasin is not adjudicated and there are no legal restrictions to groundwater pumping. The Kings Subbasin is generally bounded: on the north by the San Joaquin River; on the west by the Fresno Slough; on the south by the Kings River and Cottonwood Creek; and on the east by the Sierra foothills. The upper several hundred feet within the Kings Subbasin generally consists of highly permeable, coarse-grained deposits, which are termed older alluvium. Coarse-grained stream channel deposits, associated with deposits by the ancestral San Joaquin and Kings Rivers, underlie much of the northwest portions of the City. Below the older alluvium to depths ranging from about 600 to 1,200 feet below ground surface, the finer-grained sediments of the Tertiary-Quaternary continental deposits are typically encountered. Substantial groundwater has been produced and utilized from these depths by the City; however, deeper deposits located in the southeastern and northern portions of the City have produced less groundwater. There are also reduced deposits in the northern and eastern portions of the City, at depths generally below 700 or 800 feet, which are associated with high concentrations of iron, manganese, arsenic, hydrogen sulfide, and methane gas. Groundwater at these depths does not generally provide a significant source for municipal supply wells. The City’s average groundwater depth in 2015 is approximately 130 below the ground surface.

6.1.2.3 Conditions of Overdraft
The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) directs DWR to identify groundwater basins and subbasins that are in conditions of critical overdraft. This designation is determined based upon the presence of "undesirable impacts" such as seawater intrusion, land subsidence, groundwater depletion, and chronic lowering of groundwater levels. Per DWR's current list of critically overdrafted basins, finalized in February 2019, the Kings Subbasin is designated as a critically overdrafted basin.

As part of the California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring (CASGEM) Program, DWR is required to prioritize California groundwater basinsto help identify, evaluate, and determine the need for additional groundwater level monitoring. Per the current CASGEM draft prioritization, completed in April 2019, the Kings Subbasin is a high priority subbasin (DWR, 2019).

The City has long made efforts toward offsetting the decline of groundwater levels and minimizing overdraft conditions through an active intentional recharge program that started in 1971. Through cooperative agreements with Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District (FMFCD) and FID, the City has access to not only City-owned basins, but also those of these two agencies. The City has averaged over 60,000 af/yr the previous five years and plans to gradually increase recharge by about 540 af/yr each year.

However, during wet years the City will recharge more water when it is available to allow to the City to draw on additional groundwater during dry years when surface water is not available.

6.1.2.4 Groundwater Management
As part of a partnership of local municipal water purveyors, irrigation districts, a flood control district, and the overlying county, the Fresno Area Regional Groundwater Management Plan (FARGMP) was prepared in conformance with AB 3030 and SB 1938. The objectives of the FARGMP have been developed to West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan
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monitor, protect, and sustain groundwater within the region. The City of Fresno and the other participating agencies subsequently adopted the groundwater management plan in 2006 (City of Fresno 2020 UWMP). The City of Fresno falls within the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency (NKGSA).

The NKGSA prepared and submitted its GSP on January 28, 2020 and is awaiting completion of DWR’s review (DWR SGMA Portal GSP Status Summary).

6.1.2.5 Historical Groundwater Use
As discussed previously, the City has a network of over 270 municipal wells and currently operates approximately 202 municipal supply wells within the Kings Subbasin, according to the 2020 UWMP. The City’s groundwater production over the last 18 years is provided in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1. City of Fresno Historical Groundwater Production, af/yr Year Total Groundwater Production
2003 165,200
2004 160,000
2005 141,500
2006 136,000
2007 146,300
2008 148,700
2009 138,200
2010 128,600
2011 119,900
2012 119,500
2013 123,200
2014 106,800
2015 82,500
2016 99,100
2017 105,200
2018 76,800
2019 54,600
2020 55,000
(a) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Figure-6-7.

6.1.2.6 Projected Future Groundwater Use
The amount of groundwater pumped during dry years is not projected to differ from the amount pumped during normal years. The City’s projected future groundwater production through 2045 is provided in Table 6-2.

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Table 6-2. City of Fresno Projected Future Groundwater Production in Normal and Dry Years(a), af/yr
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Total Groundwater Production
During a Normal Year(a) 138,090 143,630 149,100 154,490 159,820 Total Groundwater Production
During Dry Years(b) 138,090 143,630 149,100 154,490 159,820 (a) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-1.
(b) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7‑2.

6.1.2.7 Groundwater Sufficiency
The City’s 2020 UWMP addressed the sufficiency of the City’s groundwater supplies, in conjunction with the City’s other existing and additional water supplies, to meet the City’s existing and planned future uses.

Based on the information provided above and that included in the City’s 2020 UWMP, the City’s groundwater supply, together with the City’s other existing and additional planned future water supplies, is sufficient to meet the water demands of the Proposed Project, in addition to the City’s existing and planned future uses. See Section 7 for a detailed determination of the sufficiency of the City’s water supply portfolio, including groundwater, to meet the demands of the Proposed Project.

6.2 Future Water Projects
The inclusion of planned future water supplies in this WSA is specifically allowed by the Water Code:

The City has a number of future capital improvement projects planned to maintain and upgrade existing water supply and distribution facilities. The City is also undergoing a large capital improvement program outlined in their 2014 Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan (Metro Plan). The timing for groundwater recharge capacity expansion will be examined as part of the Metro Plan update and is assumed to increase to allow for an additional 540 af/yr of recharge to occur on average each year. The City has constructed an 80 mgd surface water treatment plant, called the Southeast Surface Water Treatment Facility (SESWTF). The City upgraded their Northeast Surface Water Treatment Facility (NESWTF) from 30 mgd to 60 mgd. The City expects to implement construction on the final portion of the Southwest recycled water distribution system in 2021. The completed distribution system will allow an additional 5,000 AF of recycled water use in the City to offset potable demands that can be used in all hydrological year types. The expansion is projected to be completed by 2025. In addition, the City is evaluating future beneficial transfers and exchanges of the City’s USBR water in normal water years when available water supplies exceed demands.

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6.3 Summary of Existing and Additional Planned Future Water Supplies
Table 6-3 provides a summary of the City’s 2020 actual water supply deliveries and projected future available water supply available. A discussion of the future anticipated availability of these existing and additional planned future water supplies during dry years is provided in the next section.

Table 6-3. City of Fresno Historical and Projected Water Supplies Units: af/yr 2020(a) 2025(b) 2030(b) 2035(b) 2040(b) 2045(b) Groundwater 55,028 138,090 143,630 149,100 154,490 159,820 USBR CVP 37,447 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000
FID Kings River 71,292 125,030 131,600 131,600 131,600 131,600 Total Potable Water Supply 163,767 323,120 335,230 340,700 346,090 351,420 Recycled Water, RWRF 858 5,800 5,800 5,800 5,800 5,800
Recycled Water, NFWRF 54 110 110 110 110 110
Total Recycled Water Supply 912 5,910 5,910 5,910 5,910 5,910 Total Water Supply 164,679 329,030 341,140 346,610 352,000 357,330 (a) From City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 6-7.
(b) From City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 6-8.

6.4 Water Supply Availability and Reliability
Water Code section 10910 (c)(4) requires that a WSA include a discussion with regard to “whether total projected water supplies, determined to be available by the city or county for the project during normal, single dry, and multiple dry water years during a 20-year projection, will meet the projected water demand associated with the proposed project, in addition to existing and planned future uses, including agricultural and manufacturing uses.” Accordingly, this WSA addresses these three hydrologic conditions through the year 2045.

Also, in response to historical drought conditions and the (now expired) State of Emergency proclaimed by Governor Brown, first in January 2014 and most recently in April 2015, this WSA provides a discussion of the availability and reliability of the City’s available water supplies to meet the City’s water demands in the event that the City’s surface water supplies are limited under emergency water supply conditions.

6.4.1 Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years
The reliability of each of the City’s existing and additional planned water supplies and their projected availability during normal, single dry, and multiple dry years, as described in Section 7 of the City’s 2020 UWMP, is described below and summarized in Table 6-4. The City expects to meet system water demand, regardless of regional hydrology (City of Fresno 2020 UWMP).

The City’s surface water supply could face constraints during dry years.

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Water supplied from the FID contract is most susceptible to annual hydrologic conditions. The annual variability of precipitation, snowpack, and river flow conditions will then influence, and may constrain, the City’s allocation from this source. Another factor that may constrain the availability of Kings River water supply is scheduled maintenance of FID’s vast canal network. FID typically terminates water deliveries to the City’s water treatment facilities in the months of November and/or December so they may perform necessary infrastructure repairs and maintenance. To ensure year-round delivery of water to the SESWTF a raw water pipeline is being constructed.

The City also has a contract for 60,000 af/yr of Class 1 water from the USBR’s CVP, which is affected by required downstream flows for the San Joaquin River and the imposed restrictions on water diversions from the Delta. These restrictions have resulted in years where the CVP - Friant Division contractors, such as the City of Fresno, receives zero allocations. The water supply is also restricted by maintenance of infrastructure, which results in termination of water supply during the months of November and/or December. To improve delivery reliability and to protect the source water from deleterious impacts from environmental and other malicious acts, the City completed a 4.6-mile long raw water pipeline that will permit the delivery of USBR water from the Friant-Kern Canal directly to the NESWTF (Recharge Fresno 2019).

Groundwater has long been the primary water supply source for the City. The continued use of groundwater is key to the sustainable use of all supplies, which is inclusive of surface water and recycled water. The groundwater supply has declined over the last eighty years, requiring new deeper wells and the lowering of pumps in existing wells. A constraint to lowering the pumps in existing wells is the limited depth of numerous existing municipal water wells. If the declining groundwater trend isn’t reversed, it may cause a reduction in pumping capacity of the City’s water system. Another constraint to the use of groundwater is the negative impacts from contamination. To ensure the continued beneficial use of the groundwater supply, the City will have to remain proactive in pursuing responsible parties so the proper remediation is conducted to preserve the groundwater system as a viable and sustainable resource in perpetuity. Despite these concerns, groundwater supply during normal and dry years was assumed to be constant, as shown in Table 6-2.

The supply of recycled water produced by the City’s recycled water facilities is expected to be unaffected by single or multiple dry years. While the supply of wastewater used to produce the recycled water may decrease somewhat if voluntary or mandatory conservation measures are enacted.

Table 6-4. Multiple Dry Year Water Supply, af-ft/yr
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Normal Year(a) 329,030 341,140 346,610 352,000 357,330
Single Dry Year(b) 189,852 195,392 200,862 206,252 211,582 Multiple Dry Year 1(c) 273,725 279,265 284,735 290,125 295,455 Multiple Dry Year 2(c) 274,626 280,166 285,636 291,026 296,356 Multiple Dry Year 3(c) 217,568 223,108 228,578 233,968 239,298 Multiple Dry Year 4(c) 189,852 195,392 200,862 206,252 211,582 Multiple Dry Year 5(c) 314,840 320,380 325,850 331,240 336,570 (a) City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-1.
(b) City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-2.
(c) City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-3.

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6.4.2 Emergency Water Supply Conditions
In addition to the water conservation measures outlined in Section 6-520 of the Fresno Municipal Code, the City’s 2020 UWMP includes a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) to address situations when catastrophic water supply interruptions occur due to regional power outage, earthquake, or other disasters; and when drought occurs. The City’s WSCP includes an analysis of existing and projected water demands and supplies, a water conservation and rationing plan with mandatory prohibitions and penalties, and an analysis of projected revenues and expenditures. The WSCP outlines five stages of action to be undertaken in response to water supply shortages, including more than 50 percent reduction in water supply and an outline of specific water supply conditions that are applicable to each stage. The City also has a Water Quality Emergency Notification Plan in place to coordinate the City’s response in the event of a catastrophic water supply interruption.

Triggering from one stage to the next is done based on water supply conditions. Factors to take into consideration include decreases in surface water from USBR and FID, from reductions in infrastructure capacity related to the water treatment plants or pipelines, decrease in groundwater levels in 30 key wells, or climate or state political conditions that would impact the allotment of water supply. Consumption reduction methods outlined in the WSCP include limiting or prohibiting the watering of lawns and other landscape areas, restricting water use at outdoor facilities, restrictions on water use for decorative water features, and prohibiting car washes or laundries which do not use recycled or recirculated water. Rate changes and fees may be implemented to penalize excessive water use or violation of water use ordinances (City of Fresno 2020 UWMP).

If an emergency were to occur, requiring the City to implement its WSCP, all of the City’s customers, including those within the Proposed Project area, would be subject to the same water conservation measures and water use restrictions as included in City’s WSCP.

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7.0 DETERMINATION OF WATER SUPPLY SUFFICIENCY BASED ON THE REQUIREMENTS OF SB 610
Water Code section 10910 states:
10910(c)(4) If the city or county is required to comply with this part pursuant to subdivision (b), the water supply assessment for the project shall include a discussion with regard to whether the total projected water supplies, determined to be available by the city or county for the project during normal, single dry, and multiple dry water years during a 20-year projection, will meet the projected water demand associated with the proposed project, in addition to existing and planned future uses, including agricultural and manufacturing uses.

Pursuant to Water Code section 10910(c)(4) and based on the technical analyses described in this Water Supply Assessment, the City finds that the total projected water supplies determined to be available for the Proposed Project during Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry water years during a 20-year projection will meet the projected water demand associated with the Proposed Project, in addition to existing and planned future uses.

Table 7-1 summarizes the projected availability of the City’s existing and planned future potable water supplies and the City’s projected water demands in normal, single dry and multiple dry years through 2045. As shown in Table 7-1, demand within the City’s service area is not expected to exceed the City’s supplies in any normal, single dry, or multiple dry year between 2020 and 2045.

Table 7-1. City of Fresno Water Demand Versus Water Supply During Hydrologic Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years, af/yr
Hydrologic Condition 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Normal Year(a)
Available Water Supply 329,030 341,140 346,610 352,000 357,330 Total Water Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447 Potential Surplus (Deficit) 129,826 128,384 124,300 120,124 115,883 Percent Shortfall of Demand - - - - -
Single Dry Year(b)
Available Water Supply 189,852 195,392 200,862 206,252 211,582 Total Water Demand 164,092 176,132 184,174 192,228 200,287 Potential Surplus (Deficit) 25,760 19,260 16,688 14,024 11,295 Percent Shortfall of Demand - - - - -
Multiple Dry Years(c)
Multiple
Dry Year 1
Available Water
Supply 273,725 279,265 284,735 290,125 295,455
Total Water
Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 74,521 66,509 62,425 58,249 54,008
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan
Water Supply Assessment
0-487-60-19-16-WP-01 WSA
30 City of Fresno
January 2022
Table 7-1. City of Fresno Water Demand Versus Water Supply During Hydrologic Normal, Single Dry, and Multiple Dry Years, af/yr
Hydrologic Condition 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Multiple
Dry Year 2
Available Water
Supply 274,626 280,166 285,636 291,026 296,356
Total Water
Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 75,422 67,410 63,326 59,150 54,909
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
Multiple
Dry Year 3
Available Water
Supply 217,568 223,108 228,578 233,968 239,298
Total Water
Demand 190,267 193,637 197,736 201,753 205,708
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 27,301 29,471 30,842 32,215 33,590
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
Multiple
Dry Year 4
Available Water
Supply 189,852 195,392 200,862 206,252 211,582
Total Water
Demand 162,551 165,920 170,020 174,036 177,992
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 27,301 29,472 30,842 32,216 33,590
Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
Multiple
Dry Year 5
Available Water
Supply 314,840 320,380 325,850 331,240 336,570
Total Water
Demand 199,204 212,756 222,310 231,876 241,447
Potential
Surplus (Deficit) 115,636 107,624 103,540 99,364 95,123 Percent Shortfall
of Demand - - - - -
(a) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-1.
(b) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-2.
(c) From the City of Fresno 2020 UWMP, Table 7-3.

West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan
Water Supply Assessment
0-487-60-19-16-WP-01 WSA
31 City of Fresno
January 2022

8.0 WATER SUPPLY ASSESSMENT APPROVAL PROCESS
10910 (g)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the governing body of each public water system shall submit the assessment to the city or county not later than 90 days from the date on which the request was received. The governing body of each public water system, or the city or county if either is required to comply with this act pursuant to subdivision (b), shall approve the assessment prepared pursuant to this section at a regular or special meeting.
10911 (b) The city or county shall include the water supply assessment provided pursuant to Section 10910, and any information provided pursuant to subdivision (a), in any environmental document prepared for the project pursuant to Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code.

The Fresno City Council must approve this WSA at a regular or special meeting. Furthermore, the City must include this WSA in the Draft EIR that is being prepared for the Proposed Project.

West Area Neighborhood Specific Plan
Water Supply Assessment
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January 2022

9.0 REFERENCES
California Department of Water Recourses, SGMA Basin Prioritization Dashboard, Department of Water Resources, Accessed August 2019, https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bp-dashboard/p2/ California Department of Water Resources, Bulletin 118 Interim Update 2016, Department of Water Resources, December 2016.

California Department of Water Resources, Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) Emergency Regulations Guide, Department of Water Resources, July 2016.

De Novo Planning Group, Notice of Preparation for the Specific Plan of the West Area, prepared for the City of Fresno, July 2019.

Dyett & Bhatia, City of Fresno General Plan, prepared for the City of Fresno, December 2014.

North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency, Groundwater Sustainability Plan, North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency, Accessed August 2019,
https://www.northkingsgsa.org/groundwater-sustainability-plan/ Recharge Fresno, Friant-Kern Canal Pipeline, Accessed August 2019, http://www.rechargefresno.com/fkc/ State Water Recourses Control Board, Urban Water Supplier Conservation Tiers, California Water Boards, July 2017,
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/supplier_tiers.pdf State Water Resources Control Board, Urban Water Supplier Conservation Standard for Extended Emergency Regulation Rulemaking – 2016, California Water Boards, March 2016, https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/docs/emergency_reg/supplier _standards_effective030116.pdf
Water Systems Consulting, Inc., City of Fresno 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, prepared for the City of Fresno, July 2021.

West Yost Associates, City of Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update Phase 1 Baseline System Characterization, prepared for the City of Fresno, December 2007.

West Yost Associates, City of Fresno Water Master Plan, prepared for the City of Fresno, August 2014.

Concord Phoenix
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Concord CA 95420
925-949-5800
4505 E Chandler Boulevard, Suite 230
Phoenix AZ 85048
602-337-6110
Davis Pleasanton
2020 Research Park Drive, Suite 100
Davis CA 95618
530-756-5905
6800 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 150
Pleasanton CA 94566
925-426-2580
Eugene Sacramento
1650 W 11th Avenue, Suite 1-A
Eugene OR 97402
541-431-1280
8950 Cal Center Drive, Bldg. 1, Suite 363
Sacramento CA 95826
916-306-2250
Lake Forest San Diego
23692 Birtcher Drive
Lake Forest CA 92630
949-420-3030
11939 Rancho Bernardo Road, Suite 100
San Diego CA 92128
858-505-0075
Lake Oswego Santa Rosa
5 Centerpointe Drive, Suite 130
Lake Oswego OR 97035
503-451-4500
2235 Mercury Way, Suite 105
Santa Rosa CA 95407
707-543-8506
Oceanside
804 Pier View Way, Suite 100
Oceanside CA 92054
760-795-0365

APPENDIX F
Noise Impact Study
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA
Prepared for:

De Novo Planning Group
180 East Main Street, #108
Tustin, CA 92780
Prepared by:

MD Acoustics, LLC
Mike Dickerson, INCE
Roma Stromberg, M.S.
1197 Los Angeles Ave, Ste C-256
Simi Valley, CA 93065
Date: 2/5/2021
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Table of Contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives 1

1.2 Site Location and Study Area 1

1.3 Existing Land Uses 1

1.4 Proposed Project Description 2

1.5 Revisions to Core Goals 3

2.0 Fundamentals of Noise ................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Sound, Noise and Acoustics 6

2.2 Frequency and Hertz 6

2.3 Sound Pressure Levels and Decibels 6

2.4 Addition of Decibels 6

2.5 Human Response to Changes in Noise Levels 7

2.6 Noise Descriptors 8

2.7 Tonal Sounds 9

2.8 Sound Propagation 9

2.9 Ground Absorption 10

2.10 Sound Attenuation 10

2.10.1 Noise Barriers 11

2.10.2 Setbacks 11

2.10.3 Site Design 11

2.10.4 Building Facades 11

2.10.5 Landscaping 12

3.0 Ground-Borne Vibration Fundamentals ....................................................................................... 13

3.1 Vibration Descriptors 13

3.2 Vibration Perception 13

3.3 Vibration Propagation 13

4.0 Regulatory Setting ......................................................................................................................... 15

4.1 Federal Regulations 15

4.1.1 Noise Control Act of 1972 15

4.2 State Regulations 15

4.2.1 State of California General Plan Guidelines 15

4.2.2 Title 24 of the Uniform Building Code 16

4.2.3 California Environmental Quality Act 16

4.3 City of Fresno 19

4.3.1 City of Fresno General Plan 19

4.3.2 West Area Community Plan 24

4.3.3 City of Fresno Noise Ordinance 25

5.0 Study Method and Procedure ....................................................................................................... 27

5.1 Noise Measurement Procedure and Criteria 27
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5.2 SoundPLAN Noise Modeling 27

5.3 FHWA Traffic Noise Prediction Model 28

6.0 Existing Noise Environment .......................................................................................................... 36

6.1 Noise Sources in the Plan Area 36

6.1.1 General Land Use Noise 36

6.1.2 Roadway Noise 36

6.1.3 Rail Noise 38

6.1.4 Airport/Aircraft Noise 38

6.2 Noise Measurement Results 38

6.2.1 Short-Term Noise Measurements 38

6.2.2 Long-Term Noise Measurements 39

6.3 Vibration Sources in the Plan Area 43

7.0 Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation ..................................................................... 44

7.1.1 Stationary General Land Use Noise 44

7.1.2 Roadway Noise 45

7.1.3 Rail Noise 61

7.1.4 Airport/Aircraft Noise 62

8.0 Construction Noise Impact ........................................................................................................... 63

8.1 Construction Noise 63

8.1.1 Construction Traffic 64

8.1.2 Construction Activities 64

9.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 67

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: SoundPLAN Data
Appendix B: Noise Measurement Data and Field Sheets
Appendix C: FHWA Roadway Noise Worksheets

LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit A: Location Map ...................................................................................................................... 4 Exhibit B: West Area Specific Plan – Land Use Plan ............................................................................ 5 Exhibit C: Typical Ground-borne Vibration Levels ............................................................................ 18 Exhibit D: Existing Roadway Noise Level Contours ........................................................................... 37 Exhibit E: Union Pacific Railroad Noise Level Contours .................................................................... 41 Exhibit F: Noise Measurement Locations ......................................................................................... 42 West Area Specific Plan
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Exhibit G: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Noise Contours ..................................................... 46

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Decibel Addition ............................................................................................................................ 6 Table 2: Typical Noise Levels....................................................................................................................... 7 Table 3: Perceived Changes in Noise Levels ............................................................................................... 8 Table 4: Noise Reduction Afforded by Common Building Construction .................................................. 12 Table 5: Typical Human Reaction and Effect on Buildings Due to Ground-Borne Vibration ................... 19 Table 6: Transportation (Non-Aircraft Noise Sources) ............................................................................. 20 Table 7: Stationary Noise Source Standards ............................................................................................. 20 Table 8: Ambient Noise ............................................................................................................................. 25 Table 9: Roadway Segment Modeling Assumptions - Existing Conditions ............................................... 29 Table 10: Road Segment Modeling Assumptions – Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative ...................... 32 Table 11: Short-Term Noise Measurement Summary .............................................................................. 39 Table 12: Long-Term Noise Measurement Summary ............................................................................... 40 Table 13: Existing Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA, CNEL) .................................................... 47 Table 14: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA , CNEL) .... 50 Table 15: Change in Noise Along Roadways Due to West Area Specific Plan (dBA, CNEL) ...................... 54 Table 16: Typical Construction Noise Levels ............................................................................................. 63 Table 17: Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment ............................................................... 66 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Introduction
1 1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of Analysis and Study Objectives
This noise assessment was prepared to evaluate the potential noise impacts for the project study area and to recommend noise mitigation measures, if necessary, to minimize the potential noise impacts. The assessment was conducted and compared to the noise standards set-forth by the Federal, State and Local agencies. Consistent with the City’s Noise Guidelines, the project must demonstrate compliance to the applicable noise criterion as outlined within the City’s Noise Element and Municipal Code.

The following is provided in this report:
• A description of the study area and the proposed project • Information regarding the fundamentals of noise
• A description of the local noise guidelines and standards • An analysis of traffic noise impacts to and from the project site • An analysis of stationary noise impacts to and from the project site • An analysis of construction noise impacts

1.2 Site Location and Study Area
The Specific Plan of the West Area (also-known-as “Specific Plan”, “West Area”) encompasses approximately 7,077 acres (or a little more than 11 square miles) in the City of Fresno city limits and unincorporated Fresno County. The footprint of the Specific Plan is referred to as the “Plan Area.” Of the eleven square miles within the Plan Area, 6.9 square miles are in the city limits and 4.1 square miles are in the growth area. The growth area is land outside the city limits but within the City’s Sphere of Influence (SOI) boundary, which is the adopted limit for future growth.

The Plan Area is triangular in shape and located west of State Route 99. It is bounded on the south by West Clinton Avenue and to the west by Grantland and Garfield Avenues. The Plan Area includes the southwest portion of Highway City adjacent to State Route 99. See Exhibit A for the Regional Location map and Exhibit B for the West Area Specific Plan Land Use Plan.

The Plan Area is relatively flat with a natural gentle slope near State Route 99. The Plan Area topography ranges in elevation from approximately 283 to 315 feet above mean sea level. A large amount of land in the Plan Area is either farmland or rural residential lots with large, uneven, and underutilized parcels.

1.3 Existing Land Uses
The Plan Area has eight different existing land uses which include the following:
• Rural/Estate Residential: Approximately 27 percent, or 1,911 acres, of the existing land uses within the Plan Area are currently used as rural/estate residential. Of the 6,109 acres of developable lands within the Plan Area, 1,640.68 acres are low-density single-family homes on two to nine acre lots.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Introduction
2 • Multiple Family Residential: Approximately two percent, or 141 acres, of the Plan Area are occupied by multi-family residential development. These uses are primarily located adjacent to arterial roads with easy access to State Route 99 and Fresno Area Express (FAX) service lines. • Single-Family Residential: Approximately 21 percent of the existing uses within the Plan Area are currently developed with single-family residential uses, which are located primarily within the city limits.
• Vacant Land: Approximately 15 percent of the land in the Plan Area, or 911.34 acres, are occupied by vacant lands. Vacant lands are located throughout the Plan Area, in both the city limits and SOI. Vacant areas within the Plan Area’s densest neighborhoods represent infill opportunities . • Public/Government Facilities: Approximately six percent, or 337.83 acres, of land within the Plan Area contain public or government facilities. These land uses include Central Unified School District facilities, churches, the Dante Club, and the Hacienda facility. • Open Space/Agricultural Land: Approximately 25 percent, or 1,554.06 acres, in the Plan Area contain open space or agricultural land. While there are some open space land uses within the City, most of these uses are primarily located in the SOI. These uses also include parks and ponding basins.
• Industrial Uses: Approximately one percent, or 57.33 acres, of the Plan Area are occupied by industrial uses. The largest industrial land use in the Plan Area contains an agricultural business located at the intersection of West Dakota Avenue and North Grantland Avenue. • Commercial Uses: Approximately three percent, or 219.76 acres, of the Plan Area are occupied by commercial uses. Commercial uses are spread throughout the eastern and southeastern portions of the Plan Area, closer to State Route 99.

Surrounding land uses include State Route 99, the unincorporated communities of Herndon, Highway City, and Muscatel, and incorporated areas of the City of Fresno to the north (including mostly industrial uses), incorporated areas of the City of Fresno to the east (also including mostly industrial uses), unincorporated Fresno County and incorporated areas of the City of Fresno to the south (including farmland uses, rural residential uses, low density residential uses, and underutilized parcels) and unincorporated Fresno County to the west (including farmland and rural residential uses).

1.4 Proposed Project Description
The proposed Specific Plan refines the General Plan’s land use vision for the West Area. The draft land use map proposes the relocation of higher density land uses away from the most western and southwestern portions of the Plan Area where they are distant from public transit and community amenities and transfers those higher density land use designations to major corridors. The Specific Plan would result in an increase in land designated for employment, mixed use, open space and public facilities uses and a decrease in land designated for residential and commercial uses.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Introduction
3 1.5 Revisions to Core Goals
In addition to the proposed land use plan, the following are revisions to the core goals provided in the General Plan for the West Area:

West Shaw Avenue Town Center: The West Shaw Avenue Town Center (the Town Center) will extend from State Route 99 to the east side of Grantland Avenue and is envisioned to be mixed-use development supported by enhanced transit service. Land on the south side of West Shaw Avenue will provide additional neighborhood and commercial mixed-use opportunities.

Catalytic Corridors: The proposed Specific Plan designates higher density land uses along corridors with the purpose of providing easy access to major arterials and streets, retail centers, and community amenities. Catalytic corridors will include transit services. The corridors are designed to include neighborhood and pocket parks, commercial and retail uses, educational facilities, multi-family dwelling units, and professional offices. The corridors are located on the following streets:
a) West Shaw Avenue, from State Route 99 to the east side of Grantland Avenue; b) West Ashlan Avenue, from State Route 99 to the commercial nodes located on the west side of Grantland Avenue;
c) North Blythe Avenue, from West Shields to West Ashlan Avenue; d) West Clinton Avenue, from State Route 99 to North Brawley Avenue; and e) Veterans Boulevard, from West Gettysburg Avenue to West Barstow Avenue.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA
Exhibit A
West Area Specific Plan
Proposed Land Uses
Introduction
Sources: Fresno County
Map date: May 11, 2019. Revised May 28, 2020.
5 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Fundamentals of Noise
6 2.0 Fundamentals of Noise
This section of the report provides basic information about noise and presents some of the terms used within the report.

2.1 Sound, Noise and Acoustics
Sound is a disturbance created by a moving or vibrating source and is capable of being detected by the hearing organs. Sound may be thought of as mechanical energy of a moving object transmitted by pressure waves through a medium to a human ear. For traffic, or stationary noise, the medium of concern is air. Noise is defined as sound that is loud, unpleasant, unexpected, or unwanted.

2.2 Frequency and Hertz
A continuous sound is described by its frequency (pitch) and its amplitude (loudness). Frequency relates to the number of pressure oscillations per second. Low-frequency sounds are low in pitch (bass sounding) and high-frequency sounds are high in pitch (squeak). These oscillations per second (cycles) are commonly referred to as Hertz (Hz). The human ear can hear from the bass pitch starting out at 20 Hz all the way to the high pitch of 20,000 Hz.

2.3 Sound Pressure Levels and Decibels
The amplitude of a sound determines it loudness. The loudness of sound increases or decreases as the amplitude increases or decreases. Sound pressure amplitude is measure in units of micro-Newton per square inch meter (N/m2), also called micro-Pascal (µPa). One µPa is approximately one hundred billionths (0.00000000001) of normal atmospheric pressure. Sound pressure level (SPL or Lp) is used to describe in logarithmic units the ratio of actual sound pressures to a reference pressure squared. These units are called decibels abbreviated dB.

2.4 Addition of Decibels
Because decibels are on a logarithmic scale, sound pressure levels cannot be added or subtracted by simple plus or minus addition. When two sounds or equal SPL are combined, they will produce an SPL 3 dB greater than the original single SPL. In other words, sound energy must be doubled to produce a 3 dB increase. If two sounds differ by approximately 10 dB, the higher sound level is the predominant sound.

When combining sound levels, estimates shown in Table 1 may be utilized.

Table 1: Decibel Addition
When Two Decibel Values Differ by: Add This Amount Example 0 or 1 dB 3 dB 70+69=73 dB
2 or 3 dB 2 dB 74+71=76 dB
4 to 9 dB 1 dB 66+60=67 dB
10 dB or more 0 dB 65+55=65 dB
Source: Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol. Caltrans, 2013a West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Fundamentals of Noise
7 2.5 Human Response to Changes in Noise Levels
In general, the healthy human ear is most sensitive to sounds between 1,000 Hz and 5,000 Hz, and it perceives a sound within that range as being more intense than a sound with a higher or lower frequency with the same magnitude. For purposes of this report as well as with most environmental documents, A-scale weighting is typically used and is reported in terms of the A-weighted decibel (dBA). The A-scale was designed to account for the frequency-dependent sensitivity of the human ear. Typical A-weighted noise levels are shown in Table 2. In general, the human ear can barely perceive a change in noise level of 3 dB. As shown in Table 3, a change in 5 dB is readily perceptible, and a change in 10 dB is perceived as being twice or half as loud. As previously discussed, a doubling of sound energy results in a 3 dB increase in sound, which means that a doubling of sound energy (e.g. doubling the volume of traffic on a highway) would result in a barely perceptible change in sound level.

Table 2: Typical Noise Levels
Common Outdoor Activities Noise Level (dBA) Common Indoor 110 Rock Band
Jet flyover at 1,000 feet 100
Gas lawnmower at 3 feet 90
Diesel truck at 50 feet at 50 mph
80 Food blender at 3 feet
Garbage disposal at 3 feet
Noisy urban area, daytime
70 Vacuum cleaner at 3 feet
Gas lawnmower, 100 feet
Commercial area
60 Normal speech at 3 feet
Heavy traffic at 300 feet

50 Large Business Office
Quiet urban daytime Dishwasher in next room

Quiet urban nighttime 40 Theater, large conference room (background) Quiet suburban nighttime 30 Library
Quiet rural nighttime 20 Bedroom at night, concert hall (background) 10 Broadcasting studio
Lowest Threshold of Human Hearing 0 Lowest Threshold of Human Hearing Source: Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol. Caltrans, 2013a. <Table 3, next page>
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8 Table 3: Perceived Changes in Noise Levels
Changes in Intensity Level, dBA Changes in Apparent Loudness 1 Not perceptible
3 Just perceptible
5 Clearly noticeable
10 Twice (or half) as loud
Source: Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol. Caltrans, 2013a.

2.6 Noise Descriptors
Noise in our daily environment fluctuates over time. Some noise levels occur in regular patterns, others are random. Some noise levels are constant while others are sporadic. Noise descriptors were created to describe the different time-varying noise levels.

A-Weighted Sound Level: The sound pressure level in decibels as measured on a sound level meter using the A-weighted filter network. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the response of the human ear. A numerical method of rating human judgment of loudness.

Ambient Noise Level: The composite of noise from all sources, near and far. In this context, the ambient noise level constitutes the normal or existing level of environmental noise at a given location.

Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL): The average equivalent A-weighted sound level during a 24- hour day, obtained after addition of five (5) decibels to sound levels in the evening from 7:00 to 10:00 PM and after addition of ten (10) decibels to sound levels in the night before 7:00 AM and after 10:00 PM.

Decibel (dB): A unit for measuring the amplitude of a sound, equal to 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the pressure of the sound measured to the reference pressure, which is 20 micropascals. dB(A): A-weighted sound level (see definition above).

Equivalent Sound Level (LEQ): The sound level corresponding to a steady noise level over a given sample period with the same amount of acoustic energy as the actual time varying noise level. The energy average noise level during the sample period.

Habitable Room: Any room meeting the requirements of the Uniform Building Code or other applicable regulations which is intended to be used for sleeping, living, cooking or dining purposes, excluding such enclosed spaces as closets, pantries, bath or toilet rooms, service rooms, connecting corridors, laundries, unfinished attics, foyers, storage spaces, cellars, utility rooms and similar spaces.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Fundamentals of Noise
9 L(n): The A-weighted sound level exceeded during a certain percentage of the sample time. For example, L10 in the sound level exceeded 10 percent of the sample time. Similarly, L50, L90 and L99, etc.

Noise: Any unwanted sound or sound which is undesirable because it interferes with speech and hearing, or is intense enough to damage hearing, or is otherwise annoying. The State Noise Control Act defines noise as "...excessive undesirable sound...".

Outdoor Living Area: Outdoor spaces that are associated with residential land uses typically used for passive recreational activities or other noise-sensitive uses. Such spaces include patio areas, barbecue areas, jacuzzi areas, etc. associated with residential uses; outdoor patient recovery or resting areas associated with hospitals, convalescent hospitals, or rest homes; outdoor areas associated with places of worship which have a significant role in services or other noise-sensitive activities; and outdoor school facilities routinely used for educational purposes which may be adversely impacted by noise. Outdoor areas usually not included in this definition are: front yard areas, driveways, greenbelts, maintenance areas and storage areas associated with residential land uses; exterior areas at hospitals that are not used for patient activities; outdoor areas associated with places of worship and principally used for shortterm social gatherings; and, outdoor areas associated with school facilities that are not typically associated with educational uses prone to adverse noise impacts (for example, school play yard areas).

Percent Noise Levels: See L(n).

Sound Level (Noise Level): The weighted sound pressure level obtained by use of a sound level meter having a standard frequency-filter for attenuating part of the sound spectrum.

Sound Level Meter: An instrument, including a microphone, an amplifier, an output meter, and frequency weighting networks for the measurement and determination of noise and sound levels.

Single Event Noise Exposure Level (SENEL): The dB(A) level which, if it lasted for one second, would produce the same A-weighted sound energy as the actual event.

2.7 Tonal Sounds
A pure tone sound is a sound produced at or near a single frequency. Laboratory tests have shown the humans are more perceptible to changes in sound levels of a pure tone (Caltrans 1998). For a noise source to contain a “pure tone,” there must be a significantly higher A-weighted sound energy in a given frequency band than in the neighboring bands, thereby causing the noise source to “stand out” against other noise sources. A pure tone occurs if the sound pressure level in the one-third octave band with the tone exceeds the average of the sound pressure levels of the two contagious one-third octave bands by:
5 dB for center frequencies of 500 Hertz (Hz) and above; by 8 dB for center frequencies between 160 and 400 Hz; and by 15 dB for center frequencies of 125 Hz or less.

2.8 Sound Propagation
As sound propagates from a source it spreads geometrically. Sound from a small, localized source (i.e., a point source) radiates uniformly outward as it travels away from the source in a spherical pattern. The West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Fundamentals of Noise
10 sound level attenuates at a rate of 6 dB per doubling of distance. The movement of vehicles down a roadway makes the source of the sound appear to propagate from a line (i.e., line source) rather than a point source. This line source results in the noise propagating from a roadway in a cylindrical spreading versus a spherical spreading that results from a point source. The sound level attenuates for a line source at a rate of 3 dB per doubling of distance.

As noise propagates from the source, it is affected by the ground and atmosphere. Noise models use hard site (reflective surfaces) and soft site (absorptive surfaces) to help calculate predicted noise levels.

Hard site conditions assume no excessive ground absorption between the noise source and the receiver.

Soft site conditions such as grass, soft dirt or landscaping attenuate noise at a rate of 1.5 dB per doubling of distance. When added to the geometric spreading, the excess ground attenuation results in an overall noise attenuation of 4.5 dB per doubling of distance for a line source and 7.5 dB per doubling of distance for a point source.

Research has demonstrated that atmospheric conditions can have a significant effect on noise levels when noise receivers are located 200 feet from a noise source. Wind, temperature, air humidity and turbulence can further impact have far sound can travel.

2.9 Ground Absorption
As noise propagates from the source, it is affected by the ground and atmosphere. Noise models use hard site (reflective surfaces) and soft site (absorptive surfaces) to help calculate predicted noise levels.

Hard site conditions assume no excessive ground absorption between the noise source and the receiver.

Soft site conditions such as grass, soft dirt, or landscaping attenuate noise at a rate of 1.5 dB per doubling of distance. When added to the geometric spreading, the excess ground attenuation results in an overall noise attenuation of 4.5 dB per doubling of distance for a line source and 7.5 dB per doubling of distance for a point source.

Research has demonstrated that atmospheric conditions can have a significant effect on noise levels when noise receivers are located 200 feet from a noise source. Wind, temperature, air humidity, and turbulence can further impact how far sound can travel.

2.10 Sound Attenuation
Noise-related land use issues are typically composed of three basic elements: (1) the noise source, (2) a transmission path, and (3) a receiver.

The appropriate acoustical treatment for a given project should consider the nature of the noise source and the sensitivity of the receiver. When the potential for a noise-related problem is present, either avoidance of the noise-related problem or noise control techniques should be selected to provide an acceptable noise environment for the receiver while remaining consistent with local aesthetic standards and practical structural and economic limits. Fundamental noise control options are described below.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Fundamentals of Noise
11 2.10.1 Noise Barriers
Effective noise barriers can reduce noise levels by 10 to 15 dBA, cutting the loudness of traffic noise in half. For a noise barrier to work, it must be high enough and long enough to block the view of a road. A noise barrier is most effective when placed close to the noise source or receiver. A noise barrier can achieve a 5-dBA noise level reduction when it is tall enough to not allow a line-of-sight view of the road.

When the noise barrier is an earthen berm instead of a wall, the noise attenuation can be increased by another 3 dBA.

2.10.2 Setbacks
Noise exposure may be reduced by increasing the setback distance between the noise source and the receiving use. Setback areas can take the form of open space, frontage roads, recreational areas, and storage yards. The available noise attenuation from this technique is limited by the characteristics of the noise source, but generally ranges between 4 and 6 dBA.

2.10.3 Site Design
Buildings can be placed on a property to shield other structures or areas affected by noise and to prevent an increase in noise levels caused by reflections. The use of one building to shield another can significantly reduce overall noise control costs, particularly if the shielding structure is insensitive to noise. An example would be placing a detached garage nearest the noise source to shield the house or backyard. Site design should guard against creating reflecting surfaces that may increase onsite noise levels. For example, two buildings placed at an angle facing a noise source may cause noise levels within that angle to increase by up to 3 dBA. The open end of U-shaped buildings should point away from noise sources for the same reason. Landscaping walls or noise barriers located within a development may inadvertently reflect noise back to a noise-sensitive area unless carefully located.

2.10.4 Building Facades
When interior noise levels are of concern in a noisy environment, noise reduction may be obtained through acoustical design of building facades. Standard construction practices provide a noise reduction of 10–15 dBA for building facades with open windows, and a noise reduction of approximately 25 dBA when windows are closed (Table 4). An exterior-to-interior noise reduction of 25 dBA can be obtained by requiring that building design include adequate ventilation systems, which would allow windows facing a noise source to remain closed, even during periods of excessively warm weather. <Table 3, next page>
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12 Table 4: Noise Reduction Afforded by Common Building Construction Construction
Type Typical Occupancy General Description
Range of Noise
Reduction (dB)1
1 Residential, Commercial,
Schools
Wood frame, stucco or wood sheathing
exterior. Interior drywall or plaster. Sliding
glass windows, with windows partially open.
15-20
2 Same as 1 above Same as 1 above, but with widows closed. 25-30 3 Commercial, Schools
Same as 1 above, but with fixed 0.25-inch
plate glass windows. 30-35
4 Commercial, Industrial
Steel or concrete frame, curtain wall, or
masonry exterior wall. Fixed 0.25-inch plate
glass windows.
35-40
Source: California Airport Land Use Planning Handbook, 2002.

Where greater noise reduction is required, acoustical treatment of the building facade may be necessary.

Reducing relative window area is the most effective control technique, followed by providing acoustical glazing (e.g., thicker glass or increased air space between panes) within frames with low air infiltration rates, using fixed (i.e., non-movable) acoustical glazing, or eliminating windows altogether. Noise transmitted through walls can be reduced by increasing wall mass (e.g., using stucco or brick in lieu of wood siding), or isolating wall members by using double or staggered stud walls, while noise transmitted through doorways can be lessened by reducing door area, using solid-core doors, or sealing door perimeters with suitable gaskets. Noise-reducing roof treatments include using plywood sheathing under roofing materials.

2.10.5 Landscaping
While the use of trees and other vegetation is often thought to provide significant noise attenuation, approximately 100 feet of dense foliage – with no visual path extending through the foliage – is required to achieve a 5-dBA attenuation of traffic noise. Thus, the use of vegetation as a noise barrier is not considered a practical method of noise control unless large tracts of dense foliage are part of the existing landscape.

Vegetation can be used, however, to acoustically “soften” intervening ground between a noise source and a receiver, increasing ground absorption of sound, and thus, increasing the attenuation of sound with distance. Planting trees and shrubs also offers aesthetic and psychological value, and it may reduce adverse public reaction to a noise source by removing the source from view, even though noise levels would be largely unaffected.

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City of Fresno, CA Ground-Borne Vibration Fundamentals
13 3.0 Ground-Borne Vibration Fundamentals

3.1 Vibration Descriptors
Ground-borne vibrations consist of rapidly fluctuating motions within the ground that have an average motion of zero. The effects of ground-borne vibrations typically only cause a nuisance to people, but at extreme vibration levels, damage to buildings may occur. Although ground-borne vibration can be felt outdoors, it is typically only an annoyance to people indoors where the associated effects of the shaking of a building can be notable. Ground-borne noise is an effect of ground-borne vibration and only exists indoors, since it is produced from noise radiated from the motion of the walls and floors of a room and may also consist of the rattling of windows or dishes on shelves.

Several different methods are used to quantify vibration amplitude.

PPV – Known as the peak particle velocity (PPV) which is the maximum instantaneous peak in vibration velocity, typically given in inches per second.

RMS – Known as root mean squared (RMS) can be used to denote vibration amplitude VdB – A commonly used abbreviation to describe the vibration level (VdB) for a vibration source.

3.2 Vibration Perception
Typically, developed areas are continuously affected by vibration velocities of 50 VdB or lower. These continuous vibrations are not noticeable to humans whose threshold of perception is around 65 VdB.

Outdoor sources that may produce perceptible vibrations are usually caused by construction equipment, steel-wheeled trains, and traffic on rough roads, while smooth roads rarely produce perceptible groundborne noise or vibration. To counter the effects of ground-borne vibration, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) has published guidance relative to vibration impacts. According to the FTA, fragile buildings can be exposed to ground-borne vibration levels of 0.3 inches per second without experiencing structural damage.

3.3 Vibration Propagation
There are three main types of vibration propagation: surface, compression, and shear waves. Surface waves, or Rayleigh waves, travel along the ground’s surface. These waves carry most of their energy along an expanding circular wave front, similar to ripples produced by throwing a rock into a pool of water. P-waves, or compression waves, are body waves that carry their energy along an expanding spherical wave front. The particle motion in these waves is longitudinal (i.e., in a “push-pull” fashion).

P-waves are analogous to airborne sound waves. S-waves, or shear waves, are also body waves that carry energy along an expanding spherical wave front. However, unlike P-waves, the particle motion is transverse, or side-to-side and perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

As vibration waves propagate from a source, the vibration energy decreases in a logarithmic nature and the vibration levels typically decrease by 6 VdB per doubling of the distance from the vibration source.

As stated above, this drop-off rate can vary greatly depending on the soil but has been shown to be West Area Specific Plan
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14 effective enough for screening purposes, in order to identify potential vibration impacts that may need to be studied through actual field tests.

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15 4.0 Regulatory Setting
The proposed project is located in the City of Fresno and noise regulations are addressed through the efforts of various federal, state and local government agencies. The agencies responsible for regulating noise are discussed below.

4.1 Federal Regulations

4.1.1 Noise Control Act of 1972
The Federal Office of Noise Abatement and Control (ONAC) originally was tasked with implementing the Noise Control Act. However, it was eventually eliminated leaving other federal agencies and committees to develop noise policies and programs. Some examples of these agencies are as follows:
• The Department of Transportation (DOT) assumed a significant role in noise control through its various agencies.
• The Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) is responsible to regulate noise from aircraft and airports. • The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is responsible to regulate noise from the interstate highway system.
• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for the prohibition of excessive noise exposure to workers.

The federal government advocates that local jurisdiction use their land use regulatory authority to arrange new development in such a way that “noise sensitive” uses are either prohibited from being constructed adjacent to a highway, or alternatively that the developments are planned and constructed in such a manner that potential noise impacts are minimized.

Since the federal government has preempted the setting of standards for noise levels that can be emitted by the transportation source, the City is restricted to regulating the noise generated by the transportation system through nuisance abatement Codes and land use planning.

4.2 State Regulations

4.2.1 State of California General Plan Guidelines
Though not adopted by law, the State of California General Plan Guidelines (2017), published by the California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) (OPR Guidelines), provide guidance for the compatibility of projects within areas of specific noise exposure. The OPR Guidelines identify the suitability of various types of construction relative to a range of outdoor noise levels and provide each local community some flexibility in setting local noise standards that allow for the variability in community preferences. Findings presented in the Levels of Environmental Noise Document (EPA 1974) influenced the recommendations of the OPR Guidelines, most importantly in the choice of noise exposure metrics (i.e., Ldn or CNEL) and in the upper limits for the Normally Acceptable outdoor exposure of noise-sensitive uses. The OPR Guidelines include a Noise and Land Use Compatibility Matrix identifies acceptable and unacceptable community noise exposure limits for various land use categories.

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16 The City of Fresno has adopted their own version of this matrix which is discussed below under Section

4.3. 4.2.2 Title 24 of the Uniform Building Code
Section 1206.4 of the California Building Code (2019), Title 24, Part 2, Chapter 12 (Interior Environment), establishes an interior noise criteria of 45 dBA CNEL for “dwelling units”. Per California Building Code, Title 24, Part 2, Chapter 2 (Definitions), a residential dwelling unit is intended to be used as a residence that is primarily long-term in nature. Residential dwelling units do not include transient lodging, inpatient medical care, licensed long-term care, and detention or correctional facilities.

California Building Code (2019), Title 24, Part 2, Chapter 5 (Nonresidential Mandatory Measures), applies to all proposed buildings that people may occupy but are not residential dwelling units, with the exception of factories, stadiums, storage, enclosed parking structures, and utility buildings. Section

5.507.4.1 requires wall and roof-ceiling assemblies exposed to the noise source making up the building, or addition envelope or altered envelope, shall meet a composite Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating of at least 50 or a composite Outdoor to Indoor Transmission Class (OITC) rating of no less than 40, with exterior windows of a minimum STC of 40 or OITC of 30.

4.2.3 California Environmental Quality Act
The California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines (Appendix G) establishes thresholds for noise impact analysis as presented below:
(a) Would the project result in the generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise Code, or applicable standards of other agencies? Discussion/Explanation
Substantial increases in ambient noise levels are usually associated with project construction noise (temporary), and project on-site and off-site operational noise (permanent).

Project Construction Noise (temporary): Construction noise sources are regulated within the City of Fresno Municipal Code Section 10.24.020, Definitions and Examples of Prohibited Noise, which states that the erection or demolition of buildings (excluding owner resident additions or remodeling), and the grading and excavation of land including the use of blasting, the start-up and use of heavy equipment such as dump trucks and graders, and the use of jack hammers, are prohibited, except on week days Monday through Friday between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. and on Saturdays 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. The City Manager may waive any or all of the provisions of this subsection in cases of urgent necessity, or in the interest of public health and safety. The provisions of this subsection may also be waived or modified pursuant to a Conditional Use Permit or other development entitlement processed and issued in accordance with the applicable City requirements and procedures. The City does not have explicit limits on the sound levels of construction equipment.

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17 Therefore, temporary substantial increases in ambient noise levels that occur within the allowed hours of operation (Monday through Friday between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. and on Saturdays 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) are not considered to be significant.

Project Operational Noise (permanent): Development projects that may occur with implementation of the proposed General Plan may result in permanent increases in ambient noise levels. For stationary noise sources, Sections 10-102-109 of the City of Fresno Municipal Code will apply. If it is likely that the project may result in regular violations of the noise standards, the project is likely to result in long-term substantial increases in ambient noise levels.

City of Fresno General Plan Noise Element Policy NS-1-j (Significance Threshold), states that a threshold of significance should be developed for the City's environmental review process, specifically a significant increase in ambient noise levels should be assumed if the project would increase noise levels in the immediate vicinity by 3 dB Ldn or CNEL or more above the ambient noise limits established in this General Plan Update. For clarity, the following threshold will be utilized for analysis purposed in this noise and vibration study.

For project generated off-site noise, i.e. project generated vehicle trips, the impact is considered substantial if it results in an increase of at least 3 dBA CNEL and: (1) the existing noise levels already exceed the applicable land use compatibility standard (See Table 6) for the affected sensitive receptors set forth in the Noise Element of the City’s General Plan; or (2) the project increases noise levels by at least 3 dBA CNEL and raises the ambient noise level from below the 65 dBA CNEL standard to above 65 dBA CNEL.
b) Generate excessive ground-borne vibration or ground-borne noise levels? Exhibit C illustrates common vibration sources and the human and structural responses to ground-borne vibration. As shown in the exhibit, the threshold of perception for human response is approximately 65 VdB; however, human response to vibration is not usually substantial unless the vibration exceeds 70 VdB. Vibration tolerance limits for sensitive instruments such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or electron microscopes could be much lower than the human vibration perception threshold.

As shown in Table 5, a peak particle velocity (PPV) of 0.20 is the threshold at which there is a risk to “architectural” damage to normal dwellings. It also the level at which ground-borne vibration are annoying to people in buildings. Impacts would be significant if construction activities result in groundborne vibration of 0.20 or higher at a sensitive receptor.

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Exhibit C
Typical Ground-Borne Vibration Levels
Ground-Borne Vibration Fundamentals
18 West Area Specific Plan
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19 Table 5: Typical Human Reaction and Effect on Buildings Due to Ground-Borne Vibration Vibration Level
Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) Human Reaction Effect on Buildings

0.006–0.019 in/sec Threshold of perception, possibility of intrusion
Vibrations unlikely to cause damage
of any type

0.08 in/sec
Vibrations readily perceptible
Recommended upper level of
vibration to which ruins and ancient
monuments should be subjected

0.10 in/sec Level at which continuous vibration
begins to annoy people
Virtually no risk of “architectural” (i.e.,
not structural) damage to normal
buildings

0.20 in/sec Vibrations annoying to people in
buildings
Threshold at which there is a risk to
“architectural” damage to normal
dwelling – houses with plastered walls
and ceilings

0.4–0.6 in/sec
Vibrations considered unpleasant by
people subjected to continuous
vibrations and unacceptable to some
people walking on bridges
Vibrations at a greater level than
normally expected from traffic, but
would cause “architectural” damage
and possibly minor structural damage
Source: California Department of Transportation, 2013b

4.3 City of Fresno
Planning policies and noise regulations applicable to noise within the City of Fresno are presented in the Noise Element of the City of Fresno General Plan and within the City of Fresno Municipal Code.

Applicable goals, policies, and regulations are presented below.

4.3.1 City of Fresno General Plan
The City of Fresno General Plan Noise Element sets forth noise standards for transportation noise sources. Ideally, proposed land uses would be developed in areas where future noise levels due to transportation noise sources (except aircraft) would not exceed those presented in Table 6. <Table 6, next page>

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20 Table 6: Transportation (Non-Aircraft Noise Sources)

Noise Sensitive Land Use
Outdoor Activity Areas1-3 Interior Spaces
Ldn/CNEL, dB Ldn/CNEL, dB Leq dB2
Residential 65 45 -
Transient Lodging 65 45 -
Hospitals, Nursing Homes 65 45 -
Theaters, Auditoriums, Music Halls - - 35
Churches, Meeting Halls 65 - 45
Office Buildings - - 45
Schools, Libraries, Museums - - 45
Source: City of Fresno General Plan Noise Element Table 9-2, 2014.

Notes:

1. Where the location of outdoor activity areas is unknown or is not applicable, the exterior noise level standard shall be applied to the property line of the receiving land use.

2. Excludes front or side yard areas, and front or side porches. Balconies or roof decks facing front and side yards shall be included in designated areas to be protected from noise where these spaces are used to calculate compliance with required outdoor living area as required by adopted development standards.

3. Residential and noise sensitive uses located along Bus Rapid Transit corridors or within Activity Centers as identified in the City of Fresno General Plan, are exempt from exterior noise standards where it is determined application of noise mitigation measures will be detrimental to the realization of the General Plan's mixed use policies. Interior noise level standards shall still apply.

4. As determined for a typical worst-case hour during periods of use.

The City of Fresno General Plan Element also includes standards for stationary noise sources to regulate noise emanating from one property to another. Stationary Noise Standards are presented in Table 7.

Table 7: Stationary Noise Source Standards
Daytime (7:00 AM - 10:00 PM Nighttime (10:00 PM -7:00 AM) Hourly Equivalent Sound Level (Leq), dBA 50 45
Maximum Sound Level (Lmax), dBA 70 60
Notes:

1. The Department of Development and Resource Management Director, on a case-by-case basis, may designate land uses other than those shown in this table to be noise-sensitive, and may require appropriate noise mitigation measures.

2. As determined at outdoor activity areas. Where the location of outdoor activity areas is unknown or not applicable, the noise exposure standard shall be applied at the property line of the receiving land use. When ambient noise levels exceed or equal the levels in this table, mitigation shall only be required to limit noise to the ambient plus five dBA.

In addition to the noise guidelines presented above in Tables 6 and 7, the City has adopted Objectives and Policies as part of their General Plan to minimize noise impacts in the community, as follows.

NS-1 Protect the citizens of the City from the harmful and annoying effects of exposure to excessive noise.

NS-1-a Desirable and Generally Acceptable Exterior Noise Environment.

Establish 65 dBA Ldn or CNEL as the standard for the desirable maximum average exterior noise levels for defined usable exterior areas of residential and noise-sensitive uses for noise, but designate 60 dBA West Area Specific Plan
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21 Ldn or CNEL (measured at the property line) for noise generated by stationary sources impinging upon residential and noise sensitive uses. Maintain 65 dBA Ldn or CNEL as the maximum average exterior noise levels for non-sensitive commercial land uses, and maintain 70 dBA Ldn or CNEL as maximum average exterior noise level for industrial land uses, both to be measured at the property line of parcels where noise is generated which may impinge on neighboring properties.

Commentary: The Noise Ordinance will define usable exterior areas for single family and multiple family residential and noise sensitive uses to include rear yards and other outdoor areas intended to accommodate leisure or active use, excluding front or side yard areas, and front or side porches.

Balconies or roof decks facing front and side yards shall be included in designated areas to be protected from noise where these spaces are used to calculate compliance with required outdoor living area as required by adopted development standards.

NS-1-b Conditionally Acceptable Exterior Noise Exposure Range.

Establish the conditionally acceptable noise exposure level range for residential and other noise sensitive uses to be 65 dB Ldn or require appropriate noise reducing mitigation measures as determined by a site specific acoustical analysis to comply with the desirable and conditionally acceptable exterior noise level and the required interior noise level standards set in Table 9-2 (Table 6 in this report).

NS-1-c Generally Unacceptable Exterior Noise Exposure Range.

Establish the exterior noise exposure of greater than 65 dB Ldn or CNEL to be generally unacceptable for residential and other noise sensitive uses for noise generated by sources in Policy NS-1-a, and study alternative less noise-sensitive uses for these areas if otherwise appropriate. Require appropriate noise reducing mitigation measures as determined by a site specific acoustical analysis to comply with the generally desirable or generally acceptable exterior noise level and the required 45 dB interior noise level standards set in Table 9-2 (Table 6 in this report) as conditions of permit approval.

NS-1-d Allowable Exterior Noise Environment for Bus Rapid Transit and Activity Centers.

Exclude residential and noise sensitive uses located along Bus Rapid Transit corridors or within Activity Centers identified by this General Plan, from exterior noise standards in Policies NS-1-a through NS-1-c where it is determined application of noise mitigation measures will be detrimental to the realization of the General Plan's mixed use policies.

Commentary: Interior noise level standards of Table 9-2 (Table 6 in this report) will still apply.

NS-1-e Update Noise Ordinance.

Update the Noise Ordinance to ensure that noise exposure information and specific standards for both exterior and interior noise and measurement criteria are consistent with this General Plan and changing conditions within the city and with noise control regulations or policies enacted after the adoption of this element.

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22 NS-1-f Performance Standards.

Implement performance standards for noise reduction for new residential and noise sensitive uses exposed to exterior community noise levels from transportation sources above 65 dB Ldn or CNEL, as shown on Exhibit NS-3: Future Noise Contours, or as identified by a project-specific acoustical analysis based on the target acceptable noise levels set in Table 9-2 (Table 6 in this report) and Policies NS-1-a through NS-1-c.

NS-1-g Noise Mitigation Measures.

Noise mitigation measures which help achieve the noise level targets of this plan include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Façades with substantial weight and insulation;
• Installation of sound-rated windows for primary sleeping and activity areas; • Installation of sound-rated doors for all exterior entries at primary sleeping and activity areas; • Greater building setbacks and exterior barriers;
• Acoustic baffling of vents for chimneys, attic and gable ends; • Installation of mechanical ventilation systems that provide fresh air under closed window conditions.

The aforementioned measures are not exhaustive and alternative designs may be approved by the City, provided that a qualified Acoustical Consultant submits information demonstrating that the alternative design(s) will achieve and maintain the specific targets for outdoor activity areas and interior spaces.

NS-1-h Interior Noise Level Requirement.

Comply with the State Code requirement that any new multifamily residential, hotel, or dorm buildings must be designed to incorporate noise reduction measures to meet the 45 dB Ldn interior noise criterion, and apply this standard as well to all new single-family residential and noise sensitive uses.

NS-1-i Mitigation by New Development.

Require an acoustical analysis where new development of industrial, commercial or other noise generating land uses (including transportation facilities such as roadways, railroads, and airports) may result in noise levels that exceed the noise level exposure criteria established by Tables 9-2 and 9-3 (Tables 6 and 7 in this report) to determine impacts, and require developers to mitigate these impacts in conformance Tables 6 and 7 in this report as a condition of permit approval through appropriate means. Noise mitigation measures may include:
• The screening of noise sources such as parking and loading facilities, outdoor activities, and mechanical equipment;
• Providing increased setbacks for noise sources from adjacent dwellings; • Installation of walls and landscaping that serve as noise buffers; • Installation of soundproofing materials and double-glazed windows; and • Regulating operations, such as hours of operation, including deliveries and trash pickup.

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23 Alternative acoustical designs that achieve the prescribed noise level reduction may be approved by the City, provided a qualified acoustical consultant submits information demonstrating that the alternative designs will achieve and maintain the specific targets for outdoor activity areas and interior spaces. As a last resort, developers may propose to construct noise walls along roadways when compatible with aesthetic concerns and neighborhood character. This would be a developer responsibility, with no City funding.

NS-1-j Significance Threshold.

Establish, as a threshold of significance for the City's environmental review process, that a significant increase in ambient noise levels is assumed if the project would increase noise levels in the immediate vicinity by 3 dB Ldn or CNEL or more above the ambient noise limits established in this General Plan Update.

Commentary: When an increase in noise would result in a “significant” impact (increase of three dBA or more) to residents or businesses, then noise mitigation would be required to reduce noise exposure. If the increase in noise is less than three dBA, then the noise impact is considered insignificant and no noise mitigation is needed.

By setting a specific threshold of significance in the General Plan, this policy facilitates making a determination of environmental impact, as required by the California Environmental Quality Act. It helps the City determine whether (1) the potential impact of a development project on the noise environment warrants mitigation, or (2) a statement of overriding considerations will be required.

NS-1-k Proposal Review.

Review all new public and private development proposals that may potentially be affected by or cause a significant increase in noise levels, per Policy NS-1-i, to determine conformance with the policies of this Noise Element. Require developers to reduce the noise impacts of new development on adjacent properties through appropriate means.

NS-1-l Enforcement.

Continue to enforce applicable State Noise Insulation Standards and Uniform Building Code noise requirements, as adopted by the City.

NS-1-m Transportation Related Noise Impacts.

For projects subject to City approval, require that the project sponsor mitigate noise created by new transportation and transportation-related stationary noise sources, including roadway improvement projects, so that resulting noise levels do not exceed the City’s adopted standards for noise sensitive land uses.

NS-1-n Best Available Technology.

Require new noise sources to use best available control technology to minimize noise emissions.

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24 Commentary: Noise from mechanical equipment can be reduced by soundproofing materials and sounddeadening installation; controlling hours of operation will also reduce noise impacts during the morning or evening.

NS-1-o Sound Wall Guidelines.

Acoustical studies and noise mitigation measures for projects shall specify the heights, materials, and design for sound walls and other noise barriers. Aesthetic considerations shall also be addressed in these studies and mitigation measures such as variable noise barrier heights, a combination of a landscaped berm with wall, and reduced barrier height in combination with increased distance or elevation differences between noise source and noise receptor, with a maximum allowable height of 15 feet. The City will develop guidelines for aesthetic design measures of sound walls, and may commission area wide noise mitigation studies that can serve as templates for acoustical treatment that can be applied to similar situations in the urban area.

Commentary: While acoustical studies need to be site-specific in order to appropriately assess particular settings, having prototypical design measures and noise control templates that can be applied for similar situations and contexts can facilitate infill and other development. These can be provided in this noise report and carried forward into the Specific Plan.

NS-1-p Airport Noise Compatibility.

Implement the land use and noise exposure compatibility provisions of the adopted Fresno Yosemite International Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport Master and Environs Specific Plan, and the Sierra Sky Park Land Use Policy Plan to assess noise compatibility of proposed uses and improvements within airport influence and environs areas.

4.3.2 West Area Community Plan
The City of Fresno is divided into nine community planning areas. The project site is within the West Area Community Plan Area. The West Area Community Plan includes a few land use related policies that encourage good design and avoidance of potential noise issues. These policies are presented below.

W-7-e. Policy: All loading spaces shall be located not less than 150 feet from the boundary of any residential property; however, the proximity of loading areas may be reduced when adequate design and operational measures (such as restricted hours for loading activities) are approved to mitigate noise, lights, and other nuisances associated with loading areas, in order to protect adjacent residential uses.

In all cases, loading areas shall be screened from view of adjoining property zoned, planned, or approved for residential uses. This screening shall be accomplished by either placing loading docks and areas on the sides of buildings that face away from residential property, or by a combination of landscape planting and a solid masonry wall. Where possible, loading areas should not be visible from, nor take access from, local streets with residential frontage.

W-7-f. Policy: Roof-mounted and detached mechanical equipment for commercial and office uses should be screened from view of adjacent residential areas, and acoustically baffled to prevent the noise level West Area Specific Plan
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25 rating for the equipment from exceeding the applicable city standard for ambient noise at residential property lines.

4.3.3 City of Fresno Noise Ordinance
The City of Fresno has adopted several ordinances to regulate unwanted sounds. Those applicable to this analysis are presented below.

SEC. 10-102. Definitions.
(b) Ambient Noise. “Ambient noise” is the all-encompassing noise associated with a given environment, being usually a composite of sounds from many sources near and far. For the purpose of this ordinance, ambient noise level is the level obtained when the noise level is averaged over a period of fifteen minutes, without inclusion of the offending noise, at the location and time of day at which a comparison with the offending noise is to be made. Where the ambient noise level is less than what is presented in Table 8 for the applicable type of land use, the sound level presented in Table 8, shall be deemed to be the ambient noise level for that location.

Table 8: Ambient Noise
District Time Sound Level Decibels
Residential
10:00 PM to 7:00 AM 50
7:00 PM to 10:00 PM 55
7:00 AM to 7:00 PM 60
Commercial
10:00 PM-7:00 AM 60
7:00 AM to 10:00 PM 65
Industrial Anytime 70
Source: Fresno Municipal Code Section 10-102(b)
Section 10-105. Excessive Noise Prohibited. No person shall make, cause, or suffer or permit to be made or caused upon any premises or upon any public street, alley, or place within the city, any sound or noise which causes discomfort or annoyance to any reasonable person of normal sensitiveness residing or working in the area, unless such noise or sound is specifically authorized by or in accordance with this article. The provisions of this section shall apply to, but shall be limited to, the control, use, and operation of the following noise sources:
(a) Radios, musical instruments, phonographs, television sets, or other machines or devices used for the amplification, production, or reproduction of sound or the human voice. (b) Animals or fowl creating, generating, or emitting any cry or behavioral sound. (c) Machinery or equipment, such as fans, pumps, air conditioning units, engines, turbines, compressors, generators, motors or similar devices, equipment, or apparatus.

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26 (d) Construction equipment or work, including the operation, use or employment of pile drivers, hammers, saws, drills, derricks, hoists, or similar construction equipment or tools.

Section 10-107. School, Hospitals, and Churches. No person shall create any noise on any street, sidewalk, or public place adjacent to any school, institution of learning, or church while the same is in use, or adjacent to any hospital, which noise unreasonably interferes with the workings of such institution or which disturbs or unduly annoys patients in the hospital, provided conspicuous signs are displayed in such street, sidewalk, or public place indicating the presence of a school, church, or hospital.

Section 10-109. Exceptions. The provisions of this article shall not apply to:
(a) Construction, repair or remodeling work accomplished pursuant to a building, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, or other construction permit issued by the city or other governmental agency, or to site preparation and grading, provided such work takes place between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. on any day except Sunday.
(b) Emergency work.
(c) Any act or acts which are prohibited by any law of the State of California or the United States.

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27 5.0 Study Method and Procedure
The following section describes the noise modeling procedures and assumptions used for this assessment.

5.1 Noise Measurement Procedure and Criteria
Noise measurements are taken to determine the existing noise levels. A noise receiver or receptor is any location in the noise analysis in which noise might produce an impact. The following criteria are used to select measurement locations and receptors:
• Locations expected to receive the highest noise impacts, such as first row of houses • Locations that are acoustically representative and equivalent of the area of concern • Human land usage
• Sites clear of major obstruction and contamination
MD conducted the sound level measurements in accordance to the City and CalTrans technical noise specifications. All measurements equipment meets American National Standards Institute (ANSI) specifications for sound level meters (S1.4-1983 identified in Chapter 19.68.020.AA). The following gives a brief description of the Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement procedures for sound level measurements:
• Microphones for sound level meters were placed 5-feet above the ground for all measurements • Sound level meters were calibrated (Larson Davis CAL 200) before and after each measurement • Following the calibration of equipment, a wind screen was placed over the microphone • Frequency weighting was set on “A” and slow response
• Results of the long-term noise measurements were recorded on field data sheets • During any short-term noise measurements any noise contaminations such as barking dogs, local traffic, lawn mowers, or aircraft fly-overs were noted
• Temperature and sky conditions were observed and documented

5.2 SoundPLAN Noise Modeling
SoundPLAN acoustical modeling software was utilized to create existing and existing plus project plus cumulative traffic noise level contours for all General Plan designated roadways. Model parameters included average daily traffic volumes, day/evening/night split, roadway classification, width, speed, and truck mix. Surfaces adjacent to all modeled roadways were assumed to have a “hard site” to predict worst-case, conservative noise levels. A hard site, such as pavement, is highly reflective and does not attenuate noise as quickly as grass or other soft sites. Possible reductions in noise levels due to intervening topography and buildings were not accounted for in this analysis. Roadway modeling assumptions utilized for the technical study are provided in Table 9 (Existing Conditions) and Table 10 (Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Conditions) and in Appendix A.

A summary of the model parameters and REMEL adjustments are presented below.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
28 • Roadway classification – (e.g. freeway, major arterial, arterial, secondary, collector, etc.), • Roadway Active Width – (distance between the center of the outer most travel lanes on each side of the roadway)
• Average Daily Traffic Volumes (ADT), Travel Speeds, Percentages of automobiles, medium trucks and heavy trucks
• Roadway grade and angle of view
• Site Conditions (e.g. soft vs. hard)
• Percentage of total ADT which flows each hour through-out a 24-hour period Rail noise was modeled using the Create Freight Noise and Vibration Model/Spreadsheet. CREATE assumptions include one rail yard, two locomotives per train, 43,100 feet of rail cars, and an average speed of 45 mph. Current data shows that approximately 14 trains travel along this rail line during each 24-hour period. The Create Noise Model output was entered into the SoundPLAN noise model as a line source. SoundPLAN input and output is provided in Appendix A.

5.3 FHWA Traffic Noise Prediction Model
The FHWA Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) was utilized to model and to compare existing traffic noise levels to existing plus project plus cumulative traffic noise levels. The FHWA model arrives at the predicted noise level through a series of adjustments to the Reference Energy Mean Emission Level (REMEL). Roadway modeling assumptions utilized for the technical study are provided in Table 9 (Existing Conditions) and Table 10 (Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Conditions) indicates the roadway parameters and vehicle distribution utilized for this study. <Table 9, next page>
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
29 Table 9: Roadway Segment Modeling Assumptions - Existing Conditions Roadway Segment Limits Existing
ADT1,2 Speed3 West Area Plan Designation4
State Route 99 W. Herndon Ave to W. Shaw Ave 81,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Shaw Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 77,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 105,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 104,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 107,000 45 Freeway W. Herndon Ave N. Garfield Ave to N. Parkway Drive No Data 35 Collector W. Bullard Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 600 35 Collector W. Bullard Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 2,900 35 Collector W. Bullard Ave N. Bryan Ave to SR-99 No Data 45 Collector W. Barstow Ave N Garfield to N. Grantland Ave 1,200 45 Collector W. Barstow Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 800 35 Collector W. Barstow Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Contessa Ave No Data 50 Collector W. Barstow Ave N. Contessa Ave to N. Island Waterpark Drive No Data 45 Collector W. Shaw Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 6,000 35 Arterial W. Shaw Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 7,100 35 Arterial W. Shaw Ave N. Bryan Ave to 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes Ave 8,250 35 Arterial W. Shaw Ave 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 9,200 45 Arterial W. Shaw Ave N. Polk Ave to State Route 99 18,200 45 Arterial W. Gettysburg Ave 1,300 ft west of N. Bryan Ave to Bryan Ave 1,200 35 Collector W. Gettysburg Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 1,700 35 Collector W. Gettysburg Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 1,950 35 Collector W. Gettysburg Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Barcus 1,200 45 Collector W. Ashlan Ave N. Garfield to N. Grantland No Data 45 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 3,200 45 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 3,100 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 2,050 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 6,500 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 16,350 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Blythe Ave to State Route 99 23,600 35 Arterial W. Dakota Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Barcus Ave 1,950 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Barcus Ave to N. Polk Ave 1,950 45 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 5,100 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 4,250 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Brawley Ave 3,150 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Parkway Drive 2,400 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Garfield Ave to Grantland Ave 2,700 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 2,750 35 Collector West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
30 Table 9: Roadway Segment Modeling Assumptions - Existing Conditions Roadway Segment Limits Existing
ADT1,2 Speed3 West Area Plan Designation4
W. Shields Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 3,550 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 3,250 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Dante Ave 3,750 45 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Dante Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 3,750 45 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 4,600 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Blythe Ave to N. Brawley Ave 4,400 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Valentine Ave 5,800 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 6,900 35 Collector W. Clinton Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 400 35 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 700 35 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 1,050 35 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Polk Ave to 1900 ft east of N. Polk Ave 1,050 35 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave 1900 east of N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 3,400 45 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Milburn Ave 6,400 50 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Milburn Ave to N. Blythe Ave 6,400 45 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Sonora Ave 9,300 50 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Sonora Ave to N Brawley Ave 9,300 45 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Knoll Ave 9,850 45 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Knoll Ave to 850 ft east of N. Knoll Ave 9,850 45 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave 850 east of N. Knoll Ave to N. Valentine Ave 9,850 35 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 11,300 45 Super Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Marks Ave to W. Vassar Ave 20,000 50 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Herndon Ave to W. Bullard Ave No Data 35 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave No Data 35 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Barstow Ave to 1,000 ft south of W. Barstow Ave No Data 45 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave 1,000 ft south of W. Barstow Ave to W. Shaw Ave No Data 45 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave No Data 35 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 5,381 35 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave No Data 35 Super Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 4,998 35 Super Arterial N. Parkway Drive N Herndon Ave to W. Herndon Ave No Data 35 Arterial N. Grantland Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Bullard Ave No Data 35 Collector N. Grantland Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave No Data 45 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Barstow Ave to W. Shaw Ave 6,700 45 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 3,900 35 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 4,000 45 Super Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W Dakota Ave 3,050 45 Super Arterial West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
31 Table 9: Roadway Segment Modeling Assumptions - Existing Conditions Roadway Segment Limits Existing
ADT1,2 Speed3 West Area Plan Designation4
N. Grantland Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave No Data 45 Super Arterial N. Grantland Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 2,300 45 Super Arterial N. Bryan Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 2,400 35 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 2,400 35 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 3,100 45 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 1,750 45 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 1,750 35 Collector N. Bryan Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 650 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 2,700 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 2,700 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Swift Ave 1,700 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Swift Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 1,700 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Dakota Ave 2,400 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Dakota Ave to 1,300 ft South of W. Dakota Ave 2,150 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave 1,300 ft South of W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 2,150 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 1,650 35 Collector N. Polk Ave North of W. Shaw Ave 4,400 45 Arterial
N. Polk Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Acacia Ave 7,300 45 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Acacia Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 7,300 45 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 4,850 35 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Griffith Way 5,600 35 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Griffith Way to W. Dakota Ave 5,600 45 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 4,900 35 Arterial N. Polk Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 3,750 35 Arterial N. Cornelia Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Gettysburg Ave 5,700 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Gettysburg to W. Ashlan Ave 5,700 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Bellaire Way 7,800 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Bellaire Way to W. Dakota Ave 7,800 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 5,800 35 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 5,600 45 Collector N. Blythe Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 6,700 35 Arterial N. Blythe Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 4,750 35 Collector N. Blythe Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 4,900 35 Collector N Brawley Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Dakota Ave 6,600 35 Collector N Brawley Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Dayton Ave 6,350 35 Collector N Brawley Ave W. Dayton Ave to W. Cortland Ave 6,350 45 Collector N Brawley Ave W. Cortland Ave to W. Shields Ave 6,350 35 Collector West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
32 Table 9: Roadway Segment Modeling Assumptions - Existing Conditions Roadway Segment Limits Existing
ADT1,2 Speed3 West Area Plan Designation4
N Brawley Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 6,000 35 Collector N. Valentine Ave N. Parkway Drive to W Shields Ave 2,600 35 Collector N. Valentine Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 2,100 35 Collector N. Marks Ave W Princeton Ave to W. Clinton Ave 9,100 35 Collector Notes:
1) Traffic Study for the West Area Specific Plan, Kittleson Associates, 2020 2) Traffic volumes and vehicle mix for State Route 99 source: https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/census. 3) Speed was modeled as posted.
4) West Area Planned Circulation Network, City of Fresno West Area Specific Plan Existing Conditions Report, March 2018 Table 10: Road Segment Modeling Assumptions – Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative

Roadway Segment Limits
Existing Plus
Project Plus
Cumulative
ADT1,2
Speed3
West Area
Plan
Designation4
State Route 99 W. Herndon Ave to W. Shaw Ave 81,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Shaw Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 77,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 105,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 104,000 65 Freeway State Route 99 W. Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 107,000 65 Freeway W. Herndon Ave N. Garfield Ave to N. Parkway Drive No Data 35 Collector W. Bullard Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 6,683 35 Collector W. Bullard Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 9,706 35 Collector W. Bullard Ave N. Bryan Ave to SR-99 No Data 45 Collector W. Barstow Ave N Garfield to N. Grantland Ave 1,310 45 Collector W. Barstow Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 14,804 35 Collector W. Barstow Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Contessa Ave No Data 50 Collector W. Barstow Ave N. Contessa Ave to N. Island Waterpark Drive No Data 45 Collector W. Shaw Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 16,820 35 Arterial W. Shaw Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 47,627 35 Arterial W. Shaw Ave N. Bryan Ave to 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes Ave 45,973 35 Arterial W. Shaw Ave 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 54,592 45 Arterial W. Shaw Ave N. Polk Ave to State Route 99 88,601 45 Arterial W. Gettysburg Ave 1,300 ft west of N. Bryan Ave to Bryan Ave 6,954 35 Collector W. Gettysburg Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 11,025 35 Collector W. Gettysburg Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 18,739 35 Collector West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
33 Table 10: Road Segment Modeling Assumptions – Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative

Roadway Segment Limits
Existing Plus
Project Plus
Cumulative
ADT1,2
Speed3
West Area
Plan
Designation4
W. Gettysburg Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Barcus 9,002 45 Collector W. Ashlan Ave N. Garfield to N. Grantland 14,056 45 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 46,920 45 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 40,410 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 44,366 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 43,099 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 58,827 35 Arterial W. Ashlan Ave N. Blythe Ave to State Route 99 66,788 35 Arterial W. Dakota Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Barcus Ave 16,139 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Barcus Ave to N. Polk Ave 16,139 45 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 14,878 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 14,338 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Brawley Ave 13,124 35 Collector W. Dakota Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Parkway Drive 7,448 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Garfield Ave to Grantland Ave No Data 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 13,365 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 15,656 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 12,337 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Dante Ave 21,436 45 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Dante Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 21,436 45 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 19,552 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Blythe Ave to N. Brawley Ave 21,141 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Valentine Ave 19,787 35 Collector W. Shields Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 19,278 35 Collector W. Clinton Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 2,448 35 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 10,251 35 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 11,239 35 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Polk Ave to 1900 ft east of N. Polk Ave 13,878 35 Arterial W. Clinton Ave 1900 east of N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 21,298 45 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Milburn Ave 24,727 50 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Milburn Ave to N. Blythe Ave 29,368 45 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Sonora Ave 24,727 50 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Sonora Ave to N Brawley Ave 24,727 45 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Knoll Ave 29,368 45 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Knoll Ave to 850 ft east of N. Knoll Ave 29,368 45 Arterial West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
34 Table 10: Road Segment Modeling Assumptions – Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative

Roadway Segment Limits
Existing Plus
Project Plus
Cumulative
ADT1,2
Speed3
West Area
Plan
Designation4
W. Clinton Ave 850 east of N. Knoll Ave to N. Valentine Ave 29,368 35 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 39,715 45 Arterial W. Clinton Ave N. Marks Ave to W. Vassar Ave 58,312 50 Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Herndon Ave to W. Bullard Ave 4,249 35 Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave 4,862 35 Arterial N Garfield Ave
W. Barstow Ave to 1,000 ft south of W. Barstow
Ave 5,253 45 Arterial
N Garfield Ave 1,000 ft south of W. Barstow Ave to W. Shaw Ave 5,253 45 Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 5,702 35 Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 5,381 35 Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave No Data 35 Arterial N Garfield Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 4,998 35 Arterial N. Parkway Drive N Herndon Ave to W. Herndon Ave 4,166 35 Arterial N. Grantland Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Bullard Ave No Data 35 Collector N. Grantland Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave 11,947 45 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Barstow Ave to W. Shaw Ave 15,386 45 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 45,056 35 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 55,863 45 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W Dakota Ave No Data 45 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 40,268 45 Arterial N. Grantland Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 25,521 45 Arterial N. Bryan Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 21,311 35 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 21,311 35 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 18,216 45 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave No Data 45 Collector N. Bryan Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 18,966 35 Collector N. Bryan Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 13,631 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 22,778 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 22,778 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Swift Ave 25,950 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Swift Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 25,950 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Dakota Ave 29,995 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave W. Dakota Ave to 1,300 ft South of W. Dakota Ave 21,197 35 Collector N. Hayes Ave 1,300 ft South of W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 21,197 45 Collector N. Hayes Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 17,552 35 Collector N. Polk Ave North of W. Shaw Ave 6,568 45 Arterial
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Study Method and Procedure
35 Table 10: Road Segment Modeling Assumptions – Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative

Roadway Segment Limits
Existing Plus
Project Plus
Cumulative
ADT1,2
Speed3
West Area
Plan
Designation4
N. Polk Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Acacia Ave 25,762 45 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Acacia Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 25,762 45 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 31,612 35 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Griffith Way 31,840 35 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Griffith Way to W. Dakota Ave 31,840 45 Arterial N. Polk Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 23,801 35 Arterial N. Polk Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 21,944 35 Arterial N. Cornelia Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Gettysburg Ave 9,222 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Gettysburg to W. Ashlan Ave 22,141 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Bellaire Way 15,700 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Bellaire Way to W. Dakota Ave 15,700 45 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 17,844 35 Collector N. Cornelia Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 15,071 45 Collector N. Blythe Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 17,215 35 Arterial N. Blythe Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 17,269 35 Collector N. Blythe Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 16,106 35 Collector N Brawley Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Dakota Ave 20,943 35 Collector N Brawley Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Dayton Ave 16,396 35 Collector N Brawley Ave W. Dayton Ave to W. Cortland Ave 16,396 45 Collector N Brawley Ave W. Cortland Ave to W. Shields Ave 16,396 35 Collector N Brawley Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 16,935 35 Collector N. Valentine Ave N. Parkway Drive to W Shields Ave 12,354 35 Collector N. Valentine Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 11,825 35 Collector N. Marks Ave W Princeton Ave to W. Clinton Ave 15,475 35 Collector Notes:
1) Traffic Study for the West Area Specific Plan, Kittleson Associates, 2020 2) Traffic volumes and vehicle mix for State Route 99 source: https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/census. 3) Speed was modeled as posted.
4) West Area Planned Circulation Network, City of Fresno West Area Specific Plan Existing Conditions Report, March 2018 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Existing Noise Environment
36 6.0 Existing Noise Environment

6.1 Noise Sources in the Plan Area

6.1.1 General Land Use Noise
Existing land uses within the Plan Area include single and multiple family residential development, commercial, recreational, and industrial land uses. Noise sources associated with existing land uses include residential maintenance, parking lot noise, heating and cooling system (HVAC) noise, property maintenance noise, trash truck noise, loading and unloading noise, and recreational noise.

6.1.2 Roadway Noise
The primary noise source in the community is vehicle traffic traveling on surface streets and on State Route 99. Existing modeled and measured noise levels associated with acoustically significant roadways within the Plan Area are shown on Exhibit D. The modeled noise levels do not take into account factors such as existing buildings, walls, etc. that may reduce or in some cases, amplify noise sources. The measured noise levels do take into account existing structures as well as other noise sources.

Those areas in the City that currently experience sound levels greater than 60 dBA Ldn are typically near major vehicular traffic corridors. Highway traffic noise levels typically depend on three factors: (1) the volume of traffic, (2) the average speed of traffic, and (3) the vehicle mix (i.e., the percentage of trucks versus automobiles in the traffic flow). Vehicle noise includes noises produced by the engine, exhaust, tires, and wind generated by taller vehicles. Other factors that affect the perception of traffic noise include the distance from the highway, terrain, vegetation, and natural and structural obstacles. While tire noise from automobiles is generally located at ground level, some truck noise sources may emanate from 12 feet or more above the ground.

Vehicle traffic generated noise associated with State Route 99 is the dominant noise source in the eastern portion of the Plan Area with average daily vehicle trips (ADTs) ranging between 77,000-107,000 adjacent to the Plan Area. Existing modeled noise contours shown in Exhibit D show that traffic noise associated with SR-99 dominates the noise environment of the easternmost portion of the Plan Area.

Most noise sensitive land uses adjacent to State Route 99 are shielded by existing sound walls, topography, or buildings, however, the attenuation provided by them is not represented in the noise contour map.
<Exhibit D, next page>
Exhibit D
Noise Measurement Location Map
Existing Noise Environment
37 1 = Short Term measurement (10-Minute)
1 = Long Term measurement (24-Hour)
4 6
7 8 9
10 11
2 3
= West Area Specific Plan Boundary
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA
12 1
2 3
5 1
4 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Existing Noise Environment
38 6.1.3 Rail Noise
Noise associated with the existing Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) line that generally runs parallel to State Route 99 also contributes to noise in the Plan Area. The Union Pacific Railroad extends in a southeast/northwest direction ranging between 320 and 2,100 feet east of the project area. Based on count data available provided by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA 2020) fourteen train trips per day (split evenly between daytime and nighttime hours) utilize the rail lines located east of the project area and State Route 99 and north of West Ashlan Avenue. There are existing residential land uses located within the project area as close as 380 feet to the rail lines north of West Ashlan Avenue and 380 feet from the rail lines south of West Ashlan Avenue. There is a rail yard east of State Route 99 that extends from approximately 450 feet north of Clinton Avenue to West Ashlan Avenue. Noise level contours associated with the UPRR are shown in Exhibit E.

6.1.4 Airport/Aircraft Noise
There are no airports located within the Plan Area and the Plan Area is not located within any airport noise contours (City of Fresno 2014). The Plan Area is however, affected by fly-over noise associated with the Fresno Yosemite International airport, the Fresno‐Chandler Downtown airport, and the Sierra Sky Park Airport. Commercial jet aircraft operations are limited to the Fresno Yosemite International Airport. The Air National Guard is also stationed there and operates military jets and other aircraft.

Private and commercial operations with smaller aircraft use the Fresno Chandler Downtown Airport, while only small private aircraft use the Sierra Sky Park Airport.

6.1.4 Agricultural Noise
The project area is also exposed agricultural noise including field and crop maintenance, hauling, and crop dusting from small aircraft. The noise from these sources mostly occurs within the confines of the agricultural fields, and is seasonal. A characteristic of agricultural noise is short periods of noisy activities separated by long periods of little or no noise-producing activities. The FAA regulates noise associated with aircraft once they leave the ground. FAA regulations require that all aircraft maintain a height of at least 500 feet above ground or objects on the ground, like a house. A crop duster can go below this height only to operate to apply chemicals and for no other reason.

6.2 Noise Measurement Results
Four (4) long-term 24-hour noise measurements and twelve (12) short-term noise measurements were conducted throughout the Plan Area to document the existing noise environment. Noise measurement locations are shown in Exhibit F.

6.2.1 Short-Term Noise Measurements
Measured noise levels within the Plan Area ranged between 54.4 and 74.8 dBA Leq. Vehicle noise associated with surface streets, State Route 99, the existing rail line were the primary sources of ambient noise. Secondary noise sources included typical residential activities and landscaping equipment. Noise measurement results are presented in Table 11. Field notes and meter output are provided in Appendix B.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Existing Noise Environment
38 6.1.3 Rail Noise
Noise associated with the existing Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) line that generally runs parallel to State Route 99 also contributes to noise in the Plan Area. The Union Pacific Railroad extends in a southeast/northwest direction ranging between 320 and 2,100 feet east of the project area. Based on count data available provided by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA 2020) fourteen train trips per day (split evenly between daytime and nighttime hours) utilize the rail lines located east of the project area and State Route 99 and north of West Ashlan Avenue. There are existing residential land uses located within the project area as close as 380 feet to the rail lines north of West Ashlan Avenue and 380 feet from the rail lines south of West Ashlan Avenue. There is a rail yard east of State Route 99 that extends from approximately 450 feet north of Clinton Avenue to West Ashlan Avenue. Noise level contours associated with the UPRR are shown in Exhibit E.

Private and commercial operations with smaller aircraft use the Fresno Chandler Downtown Airport, while only small private aircraft use the Sierra Sky Park Airport.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Existing Noise Environment
39 Table 11: Short-Term Noise Measurement Summary

Noise
Measurement
Location
Approximate
Address Date Time
A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA)
Leq Lmax Lmin L2 L8 L25 L50
1 Herndon Avenue &
N. Parkway Drive
June 3,
2020 9:28 AM 67.6 78.3 54.5 74.7 71.3 68.0 65.6
2 N. Bryan Avenue &
W Shaw Avenue
June 3,
2020 9:48 AM 69.5 84.1 40.9 78.3 75.8 69.4 60.4
3 N Polk Avenue and
W Gettysburg
Avenue
June 3,
2020 10:15 AM 61.5 82.5 41.3 68.1 62.2 58.8 54.2
4 N. Bryan Avenue &
W. Ashlan Avenue
June 3,
2020 10:32 AM 54.4 69.5 37.8 63.1 58.4 53.7 50.0
5 N. Polk Avenue &
W. Ashlan Avenue
June 3,
2020 12:13 PM 64.6 86.5 45.4 71.6 67.7 64.3 60.8
6 N. Dakota Avenue &
W. Brawley Avenue
June 3,
2020 2:19 PM 74.8 99.8 50.2 79.2 72.6 67.5 64.3
7 N. Grantland
Avenue &
W. Shields Avenue
June 3,
2020 12:38 PM 72.8 93.4 37.5 81.4 74.7 65.0 56.2
8 N. Polk Avenue &
W. Shields Avenue
June 3,
2020 12:54 PM 66.1 86.3 51.5 75.5 70.1 62.6 58.9
9 N. Blythe Avenue &
W. Shields Avenue
June 3,
2020 1:09 PM 64.4 79.9 48.1 73.5 68.9 63.4 59.5
10 N. Bryan Avenue &
W. Clinton Avenue
June 3,
2020 1:26 PM 59.6 79.5 31.9 70.4 61.6 52.7 43.8
11 N. Cornelia Avenue
&
W. Clinton Avenue
June 3,
2020 1:42 PM 65.8 85.0 44.7 73.4 68.7 64.7 60.4
12 N. Marks Avenue &
W. Clinton Avenue
June 3,
2020 2:00 PM 68.8 85.2 55.2 75.9 72.7 69.6 65.6
Notes:
dBA = A-weighted decibels
Leq = equivalent noise level
Lmax = maximum noise level
Lmin = minimum noise level
Ln = noise level exceeded n percent of the measurement period

6.2.2 Long-Term Noise Measurements
Four (4) long-term noise measurements (24 consecutive hours) were taken in order to document the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) at different locations throughout the Plan Area. As shown in Table 12, the measured CNEL ranged between 60.5 and 70.2 dBA. The primary noise source was vehicle traffic. Table 12 also outlines the daytime (7AM to 7PM), evening (7PM to 10PM), and nighttime (10PM to 7AM) Leq levels at each location. These represent the average level over each time period (day/evening/night). Field notes and meter output are provided in Appendix B.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Existing Noise Environment
40 Table 12: Long-Term Noise Measurement Summary

Noise
Measurement
Location
Approximate
Address Date Description
A-Weighted Sound Level (dBA)
Daytime
Leq
Evening
Leq
Nighttime
Leq CNEL
LT1
N. Grantland
Avenue & W.

Barstow
Avenue
6/3/20 - 6/4/20
Vehicle traffic
traveling on N.

Valentine Avenue
and SR-99

58.8 56.1 52.7 60.7
LT2
N. Valentine
Avenue & W.

Shields
Avenue
6/3/20-6/4/20
Vehicle traffic
traveling on N.

Grantland Avenue
and W. Barstow
Avenue

65.4 62.1 63.4 70.8
LT3
N. Blythe
Avenue & W.

Ashlan Avenue
6/4/20-6/5/20
Vehicle traffic
traveling on N.

Blythe Avenue
and W. Ashlan
Avenue

67.3 65.5 61.5 69.1
LT4
N. Hayes
Avenue & W.

Ashlan Avenue
6/3/20-6/4/20
Vehicle Noise
traveling on N.

Hayes Avenue
and W. Ashlan
Avenue

65.8 61.3 58.6 67.1
Notes:
dBA = A-weighted decibels
Leq = equivalent noise level
Lmax = maximum noise level
Lmin = minimum noise level
Ln = noise level exceeded n percent of the measurement period Exhibit E
41 Existing Noise Environment
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA
Existing Roadway Noise Level Contours (CNEL)
Exhibit F
42 Union Pacific Railroad Noise Level Contours (CNEL)
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Existing Noise Environment
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Existing Noise Environment
43 6.3 Vibration Sources in the Plan Area
The main sources of vibration in the project area are related to vehicles, rail, and construction. Typical roadway traffic, including heavy trucks, rarely generates vibration amplitudes high enough to cause structural or cosmetic damage. However, there have been cases in which heavy trucks traveling over potholes or other discontinuities in the pavement have caused vibration high enough to result in complaints from nearby residents. These types of issues typically can be resolved by smoothing the roadway surface (Caltrans 2013b).

Construction activities that produce vibration that can be felt by adjacent land uses include the use vibratory equipment, large bull dozers, and pile drivers. The primary source of vibration during construction is usually from a bull dozer. A large bull dozer has a peak particle velocity of 0.089 inches per second at 25 feet.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 44 7.0 Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation
This assessment analyzes future noise impacts to and from the project compares the results to the City’s Noise Standards. The analysis details the estimated exterior noise levels associated with traffic from adjacent roadways and from on-site stationary noise sources.

7.1 Future Exterior Noise
Each future noise source related to the project was evaluated in light of applicable City of Fresno and West Area Specific Plan policies and ordinances and programmatic mitigation measures are provided as applicable.

7.1.1 Stationary General Land Use Noise
The West Area Plan proposes the relocation of higher density land uses away from the most western and southwestern portions of the Plan Area where they are distant from public transit and community amenities and transfers those higher density land use designations to major corridors. The Specific Plan would result in an increase in land designated for employment, mixed use, open space and public facilities uses and a decrease in land designated for residential and commercial uses. Typical stationary noise sources and associated noise levels as measured ten-feet from the source are presented below1 .
• Parking lot noise 50-75 dBA
• HVAC 55-100 dBA
• Property maintenance 75-95 dBA
• Trash truck 85-90 dBA
• Loading/unloading 65-82 dBA
• Recreational noise 50-90 dBA
• Amplified music 80-105 dBA
• Car wash 85-100 dBA
• Event venue 65-75 dBA
• Idling heavy truck 72 dBA
Due to the suburban/rural nature of the Plan Area, development of the West Area Specific Plan will result in a substantial increase in existing ambient noise conditions. Enforcement of the Sections 10-105 through 10-109 of the City’s Noise Ordinance and analysis of noise producing projects, along with any needed mitigation measures, will reduce noise impacts associated with future development. Increases in ambient noise levels associated with existing and future stationary noise impacts may result in 1 The noise ranges presented are intended to give a general idea of typical urban/suburban stationary noise sources.

Depending on the number of patrons and the specific activity, i.e. outdoor winery concert vs. a rock band, noise levels will vary.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 45 significant impacts. The following measures should be implemented to reduce impacts associated with stationary noise sources in the Plan Area.

Mitigation Measures for Traffic Noise Impacts- Exterior Environment

1. Avoid the placement of new noise-producing uses in proximity to noise-sensitive land uses.

2. Apply noise level performance standards provided in Table 6 to proposed new noise producing uses.

3. Require new noise-sensitive uses in near proximity to noise-producing facilities include mitigation measures that would ensure compliance with noise performance standards presented in Table

6. 7.1.2 Roadway Noise
The primary noise source in the community will continue to be vehicle traffic traveling on surface streets and on State Route 99. Future noise levels associated with acoustically significant roadways within the Plan Area are shown on Exhibit G. Vehicle traffic generated noise associated with State Route 99 will continue to be the dominant noise source in the eastern portion of the Plan Area with ADTs ranging between 77,000-107,000 adjacent to the Plan Area.

Although most noise sensitive land uses adjacent to State Route 99 are shielded by existing sound walls, topography or buildings, there are still some noise sensitive land uses where existing plus project plus cumulative noise levels will exceed the City’s 60 dBA Ldn noise standard. Noise levels in the Plan Area are expected to exceed 65 dBA CNEL in most areas where shielding from traffic noise is not provided.

This is a significant impact and will require mitigation. Mitigation measures are provided at the end of this impact discussion.

Exhibit G
46 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Roadway Noise Level Contours (CNEL) West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 47 Buildout of the Plan Area will also result in substantial increases in ambient noise levels. Existing exterior noise levels along Plan Area roadways are presented in Table 13, Existing plus project, plus cumulative traffic noise levels are presented in Table 14 and a comparison of the two conditions is presented in Table 15.

Table 13: Existing Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway

Segment Limits
Distances to Contour:
@100 ft 70 65 60 55
State Route 99 W. Herndon Ave to W. Shaw Ave 83 695 1,497 3,225 6,948 State Route 99 W. Shaw Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 82 672 1,447 3,118 6,718 State Route 99 W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 84 826 1,780 3,834 8,261 State Route 99 W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 84 821 1,768 3,810 8,208 State Route 99 W. Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 82 615 1,324 2,852 6,145 W. Herndon Ave N. Garfield Ave to N. Parkway Drive No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data W. Bullard Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 48 3 7 16 33 W. Bullard Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 55 10 21 44 96 W. Bullard Ave N. Bryan Ave to SR-99 23 0 0 0 1
W. Barstow Ave N Garfield to N. Grantland Ave 53 8 17 37 79 W. Barstow Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 49 4 9 19 41 W. Barstow Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Contessa Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data W. Barstow Ave N. Contessa Ave to N. Island Waterpark
Drive No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
W. Shaw Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 59 19 41 89 193 W. Shaw Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 60 22 46 100 215 W. Shaw Ave N. Bryan Ave to 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes
Ave 61 24 51 110 238
W. Shaw Ave 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 63 36 77 166 358 W. Shaw Ave N. Polk Ave to State Route 99 66 57 124 266 574 W. Gettysburg
Ave 1,300 ft west of N. Bryan Ave to Bryan Ave 51 5 11 25 53 W. Gettysburg
Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 52 7 14 31 67
W. Gettysburg
Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 53 7 16 34 73
W. Gettysburg
Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Barcus 54 8 17 37 80
W. Ashlan Ave N. Garfield to N. Grantland No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data W. Ashlan Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 59 18 38 82 177 W. Ashlan Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 56 12 27 58 124 W. Ashlan Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 55 9 20 44 94 W. Ashlan Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 60 20 44 94 203 W. Ashlan Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 64 38 81 174 376 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 48 Table 13: Existing Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway

Segment Limits
Distances to Contour:
@100 ft 70 65 60 55
W. Ashlan Ave N. Blythe Ave to State Route 99 65 48 103 223 480 W. Dakota Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Barcus Ave 53 7 16 34 73 W. Dakota Ave N. Barcus Ave to N. Polk Ave 56 11 24 51 109 W. Dakota Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 57 14 30 65 139 W. Dakota Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 56 12 27 57 123 W. Dakota Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Brawley Ave 55 10 22 47 101 W. Dakota Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Parkway Drive 54 8 18 39 84 W. Shields Ave N. Garfield Ave to Grantland Ave 54 9 20 42 91 W. Shields Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 54 9 20 43 92 W. Shields Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 56 11 24 51 109 W. Shields Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 55 10 22 48 103 W. Shields Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Dante Ave 58 17 36 78 169 W. Shields Ave N. Dante Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 58 17 36 78 169 W. Shields Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 57 13 28 60 130 W. Shields Ave N. Blythe Ave to N. Brawley Ave 57 13 27 59 126 W. Shields Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Valentine Ave 58 15 33 70 152 W. Shields Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 58 17 37 79 170 W. Clinton Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 48 3 7 15 32 W. Clinton Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 50 5 10 21 46 W. Clinton Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 52 6 13 28 60 W. Clinton Ave N. Polk Ave to 1900 ft east of N. Polk Ave 52 6 13 28 60 W. Clinton Ave 1900 east of N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 59 18 40 86 184 W. Clinton Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Milburn Ave 63 34 74 159 343 W. Clinton Ave N. Milburn Ave to N. Blythe Ave 62 29 62 133 286 W. Clinton Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Sonora Ave 65 44 95 204 440 W. Clinton Ave N. Sonora Ave to N Brawley Ave 63 37 79 170 367 W. Clinton Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Knoll Ave 64 38 82 177 381 W. Clinton Ave N. Knoll Ave to 850 ft east of N. Knoll Ave 64 37 81 174 374 W. Clinton Ave 850 east of N. Knoll Ave to N. Valentine Ave 61 27 58 124 268 W. Clinton Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 64 41 88 190 410 W. Clinton Ave N. Marks Ave to W. Vassar Ave 68 73 158 340 733 N Garfield Ave W. Herndon Ave to W. Bullard Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N Garfield Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N Garfield Ave W. Barstow Ave to 1,000 ft south of W.

Barstow Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
N Garfield Ave 1,000 ft south of W. Barstow Ave to W.

Shaw Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 49 Table 13: Existing Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway

Segment Limits
Distances to Contour:
@100 ft 70 65 60 55
N Garfield Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N Garfield Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N Garfield Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N Garfield Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N. Parkway Drive N Herndon Ave to W. Herndon Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N. Grantland Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Bullard Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N. Grantland Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave 62 31 68 146 315 N. Grantland Ave W. Barstow Ave to W. Shaw Ave 62 29 62 134 290 N. Grantland Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 57 14 31 67 144 N. Grantland Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 60 21 44 95 205 N. Grantland Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W Dakota Ave 59 17 37 80 171 N. Grantland Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N. Grantland Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 57 14 31 66 142 N. Bryan Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 54 8 18 39 84 N. Bryan Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 54 8 18 39 84 N. Bryan Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 58 15 32 69 149 N. Bryan Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 55 10 22 47 102 N. Bryan Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 53 7 15 32 68 N. Bryan Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 48 4 8 16 35 N. Hayes Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 57 14 30 64 138 N. Hayes Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 57 14 29 63 136 N. Hayes Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Swift Ave 55 10 21 46 100 N. Hayes Ave W. Swift Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 52 7 14 31 67 N. Hayes Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Dakota Ave 54 8 18 39 84 N. Hayes Ave W. Dakota Ave to 1,300 ft South of W.

Dakota Ave 53 8 17 36 78
N. Hayes Ave 1,300 ft South of W. Dakota Ave to W
Shields Ave 56 12 25 54 116
N. Hayes Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 52 7 14 30 66 N. Polk Ave North of W. Shaw Ave 60 22 47 102 219
N. Polk Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Acacia Ave 62 31 66 142 307 N. Polk Ave W. Acacia Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 62 31 67 145 312 N. Polk Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 58 17 36 78 167 N. Polk Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Griffith Way 59 18 40 85 184 N. Polk Ave W. Griffith Way to W. Dakota Ave 61 26 55 119 257 N. Polk Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 58 17 36 78 168 N. Polk Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 57 14 30 65 141 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 50 Table 13: Existing Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway

Segment Limits
Distances to Contour:
@100 ft 70 65 60 55
N. Cornelia Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Gettysburg Ave 60 22 48 104 223 N. Cornelia Ave W. Gettysburg to W. Ashlan Ave 60 22 48 104 223 N. Cornelia Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Bellaire Way 62 27 59 128 275 N. Cornelia Ave W. Bellaire Way to W. Dakota Ave 62 27 59 128 275 N. Cornelia Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 58 15 33 70 152 N. Cornelia Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 60 22 47 102 220 N. Blythe Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 60 21 45 96 207 N. Blythe Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 57 13 29 62 133 N. Blythe Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 57 14 29 63 136 N Brawley Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Dakota Ave 58 17 36 77 165 N Brawley Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Dayton Ave 58 16 35 75 161 N Brawley Ave W. Dayton Ave to W. Cortland Ave 61 24 52 111 240 N Brawley Ave W. Cortland Ave to W. Shields Ave 58 16 35 75 161 N Brawley Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 58 16 33 72 155 N. Valentine Ave N. Parkway Drive to W Shields Ave 54 9 19 41 89 N. Valentine Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 53 8 17 36 77 N. Marks Ave W Princeton Ave to W. Clinton Ave 59 20 44 95 205 Notes:

1. Exterior noise levels calculated at 5-feet above ground.

2. Noise levels calculated from centerline of subject roadway.

3. Refer to Appendix C for projected noise level calculations.

4. The projected noise levels at 100 ft are theoretical and do not take into consideration the effect of topography, noise barriers, structures or other factors which will reduce the actual noise level in the outdoor living areas. These factors can reduce the actual noise levels by 5-10 dBA from what is shown in the table. Therefore, the levels that are shown are for comparative purposes only to show the difference in projected noise levels without and with the project.

Table 14: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA , CNEL)

Roadway Segment Limits
Distance to Noise Contour:
@
100ft 70 65 60 55
State Route 99 W. Herndon Ave to W. Shaw Ave 82.6 695 1,497 3,225 6,948 State Route 99 W. Shaw Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 82.4 672 1,447 3,118 6,718 State Route 99 W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 83.8 826 1,780 3,834 8,261 State Route 99 W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 83.7 821 1,768 3,810 8,208 State Route 99 W. Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 83.8 837 1,802 3,883 8,365 W. Herndon Ave N. Garfield Ave to N. Parkway Drive No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 51 Table 14: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA , CNEL)

Roadway Segment Limits
Distance to Noise Contour:
@
100ft 70 65 60 55
W. Bullard Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 58.3 17 36 77 167 W. Bullard Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 60.0 21 46 99 214 W. Bullard Ave N. Bryan Ave to SR-99 22.7 0 0 0 0
W. Barstow Ave N Garfield to N. Grantland Ave 53.8 8 18 39 84 W. Barstow Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 61.8 28 61 132 283 W. Barstow Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Contessa Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data W. Barstow Ave N. Contessa Ave to N. Island Waterpark
Drive No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
W. Shaw Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland Ave 63.7 38 82 178 383 W. Shaw Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 68.3 77 165 356 766 W. Shaw Ave N. Bryan Ave to 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes
Ave 68.1 75 161 347 748
W. Shaw Ave 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk
Ave 71.0 117 253 544 1,173
W. Shaw Ave N. Polk Ave to State Route 99 73.3 165 355 765 1,648 W. Gettysburg Ave 1,300 ft west of N. Bryan Ave to Bryan Ave 58.5 17 37 79 171
W. Gettysburg Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 60.5 23 50 108 233 W. Gettysburg Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 62.8 33 71 154 332 W. Gettysburg Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Barcus 62.3 31 66 143 308 W. Ashlan Ave N. Garfield to N. Grantland 64.3 41 89 192 414 W. Ashlan Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 70.4 106 228 492 1,060 W. Ashlan Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 67.5 69 148 319 687 W. Ashlan Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 68.0 73 157 339 731 W. Ashlan Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 67.8 72 154 333 717 W. Ashlan Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 69.2 88 190 409 882 W. Ashlan Ave N. Blythe Ave to State Route 99 69.7 96 207 445 960 W. Dakota Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Barcus Ave 62.2 30 65 139 300 W. Dakota Ave N. Barcus Ave to N. Polk Ave 64.7 45 96 207 446 W. Dakota Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 61.8 28 61 132 284 W. Dakota Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 61.6 28 60 129 277 W. Dakota Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Brawley Ave 61.3 26 56 121 262 W. Dakota Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Parkway Drive 58.8 18 39 83 179 W. Shields Ave N. Garfield Ave to Grantland Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data W. Shields Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 61.3 26 57 123 265 W. Shields Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 62.0 29 63 137 294 W. Shields Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 61.0 25 54 116 251 W. Shields Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Dante Ave 66.0 54 116 250 539 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 52 Table 14: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA , CNEL)

Roadway Segment Limits
Distance to Noise Contour:
@
100ft 70 65 60 55
W. Shields Ave N. Dante Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 66.0 54 116 250 539 W. Shields Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 63.0 34 73 158 341 W. Shields Ave N. Blythe Ave to N. Brawley Ave 63.3 36 77 167 359 W. Shields Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Valentine Ave 63.0 34 74 160 344 W. Shields Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 62.9 34 73 157 338 W. Clinton Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan Ave 55.4 11 23 49 106 W. Clinton Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 61.6 28 59 128 275 W. Clinton Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 62.0 29 63 136 293 W. Clinton Ave N. Polk Ave to 1900 ft east of N. Polk Ave 62.9 34 73 156 337 W. Clinton Ave 1900 east of N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia
Ave 66.9 63 135 291 626
W. Clinton Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Milburn Ave 68.9 84 182 392 844 W. Clinton Ave N. Milburn Ave to N. Blythe Ave 68.5 79 170 366 789 W. Clinton Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Sonora Ave 68.9 84 182 392 844 W. Clinton Ave N. Sonora Ave to N Brawley Ave 67.7 70 152 327 704 W. Clinton Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Knoll Ave 68.5 79 170 366 789 W. Clinton Ave N. Knoll Ave to 850 ft east of N. Knoll Ave 68.3 78 167 360 776 W. Clinton Ave 850 east of N. Knoll Ave to N. Valentine Ave 66.2 55 120 258 555
W. Clinton Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks Ave 69.7 95 204 440 949 W. Clinton Ave N. Marks Ave to W. Vassar Ave 72.6 149 322 694 1,495 N Garfield Ave W. Herndon Ave to W. Bullard Ave 57.8 15 33 71 153 N Garfield Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave 58.4 17 36 78 167 N Garfield Ave W. Barstow Ave to 1,000 ft south of W.

Barstow Ave 60.9 25 53 114 246
N Garfield Ave 1,000 ft south of W. Barstow Ave to W.

Shaw Ave 60.9 25 53 114 246
N Garfield Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 59.0 19 40 86 186 N Garfield Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 58.8 18 39 83 179 N Garfield Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 21.5 No Data No Data No Data No Data N Garfield Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 58.5 17 37 79 170 N. Parkway Drive N Herndon Ave to W. Herndon Ave 57.7 15 33 70 151 N. Grantland Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Bullard Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N. Grantland Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow Ave 64.4 43 92 198 426 N. Grantland Ave W. Barstow Ave to W. Shaw Ave 65.5 50 109 234 504 N. Grantland Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 68.0 74 159 343 738 N. Grantland Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 71.1 119 257 553 1,191 N. Grantland Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W Dakota Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 53 Table 14: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA , CNEL)

Roadway Segment Limits
Distance to Noise Contour:
@
100ft 70 65 60 55
N. Grantland Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 69.7 96 206 444 957 N. Grantland Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 67.7 71 152 328 706 N. Bryan Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 63.4 36 78 168 361 N. Bryan Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 63.4 36 78 168 361 N. Bryan Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 65.3 48 104 225 484 N. Bryan Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data N. Bryan Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 62.9 33 72 155 334 N. Bryan Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 61.4 27 58 124 268 N. Hayes Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana Ave 66.4 57 123 265 572 N. Hayes Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 66.2 56 121 261 562 N. Hayes Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Swift Ave 66.8 61 132 284 613 N. Hayes Ave W. Swift Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 64.2 41 89 191 412 N. Hayes Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Dakota Ave 64.9 45 98 211 454 N. Hayes Ave W. Dakota Ave to 1,300 ft South of W.

Dakota Ave 63.3 36 78 167 360
N. Hayes Ave 1,300 ft South of W. Dakota Ave to W
Shields Ave 65.9 54 115 249 535
N. Hayes Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 62.5 32 68 147 317 N. Polk Ave North of W. Shaw Ave 61.8 29 62 133 286
N. Polk Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Acacia Ave 67.8 71 153 330 711 N. Polk Ave W. Acacia Ave to W. Gettysburg Ave 67.9 72 156 336 723 N. Polk Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 66.5 58 126 271 583 N. Polk Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Griffith Way 66.5 59 126 272 586 N. Polk Ave W. Griffith Way to W. Dakota Ave 68.7 82 176 380 819 N. Polk Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 65.3 48 104 224 482 N. Polk Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 64.9 46 98 212 457 N. Cornelia Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Gettysburg Ave 62.3 31 66 143 307 N. Cornelia Ave W. Gettysburg to W. Ashlan Ave 66.1 55 119 256 551 N. Cornelia Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Bellaire Way 64.6 44 94 203 438 N. Cornelia Ave W. Bellaire Way to W. Dakota Ave 64.6 44 94 203 438 N. Cornelia Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 62.6 32 69 149 321 N. Cornelia Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 64.4 43 92 198 426 N. Blythe Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 63.8 39 84 180 389 N. Blythe Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 62.5 31 68 146 314 N. Blythe Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 62.2 30 65 139 300 N Brawley Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Dakota Ave 63.3 36 77 166 357 N Brawley Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Dayton Ave 62.2 30 65 141 303 West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 54 Table 14: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Exterior Noise Levels Along Roadways (dBA , CNEL)

Roadway Segment Limits
Distance to Noise Contour:
@
100ft 70 65 60 55
N Brawley Ave W. Dayton Ave to W. Cortland Ave 64.7 45 97 209 451 N Brawley Ave W. Cortland Ave to W. Shields Ave 62.0 30 65 141 303 N Brawley Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 62.1 31 67 144 310 N. Valentine Ave N. Parkway Drive to W Shields Ave 60.7 25 54 117 251 N. Valentine Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 60.4 24 53 113 244 N. Marks Ave W Princeton Ave to W. Clinton Ave 61.5 29 63 135 292 Notes:

1. Exterior noise levels calculated at 5-feet above ground.

2. Noise levels calculated from centerline of subject roadway.

3. Refer to Appendix C for projected noise level calculations.

Table 15: Change in Noise Along Roadways Due to West Area Specific Plan (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway1 Segment
CNEL at 100 Feet dBA2
Existing
Without
Project
Existing
Plus
Project
Plus
Cumulative
Change
in Noise
Level
Exceeds
Compatibility
Criteria3
Potential
Significant
Impact4
State Route 99 W. Herndon Ave to W. Shaw Ave 82.6 82.6 0.0 Yes No State Route 99 W. Shaw Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 82.4 82.4 0.0 Yes No State Route 99 W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 83.8 83.8 0.0 Yes No State Route 99 W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave 83.7 83.7 0.0 Yes No State Route 99 W. Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 81.8 83.8 2.0 Yes No W. Herndon Ave N. Garfield Ave to N. Parkway
Drive No Data No Data n/a n/a n/a
W. Bullard Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland
Ave 47.9 58.3 10.5 No No
W. Bullard Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan
Ave 54.7 60.0 5.2 No No
W. Bullard Ave N. Bryan Ave to SR-99 No Data No Data n/a n/a n/a W. Barstow Ave N Garfield to N. Grantland Ave 53.5 53.8 0.4 No No W. Barstow Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan
Ave 49.1 61.8 12.7 No No
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 55 Table 15: Change in Noise Along Roadways Due to West Area Specific Plan (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway1 Segment
CNEL at 100 Feet dBA2
Existing
Without
Project
Existing
Plus
Project
Plus
Cumulative
Change
in Noise
Level
Exceeds
Compatibility
Criteria3
Potential
Significant
Impact4
W. Barstow Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Contessa Ave No Data No Data n/a n/a n/a W. Barstow Ave N. Contessa Ave to N. Island
Waterpark Drive No Data No Data n/a n/a n/a
W. Shaw Ave N Garfield Ave to N. Grantland
Ave 59.3 63.7 4.5 No No
W. Shaw Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan
Ave 60.0 68.3 8.3 Yes Yes
W. Shaw Ave N. Bryan Ave to 1,300 ft east of
N. Hayes Ave 60.6 68.1 7.5 Yes Yes
W. Shaw Ave 1,300 ft east of N. Hayes Ave to
N. Polk Ave 63.3 71.0 7.7 Yes Yes
W. Shaw Ave N. Polk Ave to State Route 99 66.4 73.3 6.9 Yes Yes W. Gettysburg
Ave
1,300 ft west of N. Bryan Ave to
Bryan Ave 50.9 58.5 7.6 No No
W. Gettysburg
Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 52.4 60.5 8.1 No No
W. Gettysburg
Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 53.0 62.8 9.8 No No
W. Gettysburg
Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Barcus 53.6 62.3 8.8 No No
W. Ashlan Ave N. Garfield to N. Grantland No Data 64.3 n/a n/a n/a W. Ashlan Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan
Ave 58.7 70.4 11.7 Yes Yes
W. Ashlan Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 56.4 67.5 11.2 Yes Yes W. Ashlan Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 54.6 68.0 13.4 Yes Yes W. Ashlan Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 59.6 67.8 8.2 Yes Yes W. Ashlan Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 63.6 69.2 5.6 Yes Yes W. Ashlan Ave N. Blythe Ave to State Route 99 65.2 69.7 4.5 Yes No W. Dakota Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Barcus Ave 53.0 62.2 9.2 No No W. Dakota Ave N. Barcus Ave to N. Polk Ave 55.6 64.7 9.2 No No W. Dakota Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 57.2 61.8 4.6 No No W. Dakota Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 56.4 61.6 5.3 No No W. Dakota Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Brawley Ave 55.1 61.3 6.2 No No W. Dakota Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Parkway
Drive 53.9 58.8 4.9 No No
W. Shields Ave N. Garfield Ave to Grantland Ave 54.4 No Data n/a n/a n/a W. Shields Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan
Ave 54.5 61.3 6.9 No No
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 56 Table 15: Change in Noise Along Roadways Due to West Area Specific Plan (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway1 Segment
CNEL at 100 Feet dBA2
Existing
Without
Project
Existing
Plus
Project
Plus
Cumulative
Change
in Noise
Level
Exceeds
Compatibility
Criteria3
Potential
Significant
Impact4
W. Shields Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 55.6 62.0 6.4 No No W. Shields Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 55.2 61.0 5.8 No No W. Shields Ave N. Polk Ave to N. Dante Ave 58.4 66.0 7.6 Yes Yes W. Shields Ave N. Dante Ave to N. Cornelia Ave 58.4 66.0 7.6 Yes Yes W. Shields Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Blythe Ave 56.7 63.0 6.3 No No W. Shields Ave N. Blythe Ave to N. Brawley Ave 56.5 63.3 6.8 No No W. Shields Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Valentine
Ave 57.7 63.0 5.3 No No
W. Shields Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks
Ave 58.5 62.9 4.5 No No
W. Clinton Ave N. Grantland Ave to N. Bryan
Ave 47.5 55.4 7.9 No No
W. Clinton Ave N. Bryan Ave to N. Hayes Ave 49.9 61.6 11.7 No No W. Clinton Ave N. Hayes Ave to N. Polk Ave 51.7 62.0 10.3 No No W. Clinton Ave N. Polk Ave to 1900 ft east of N.

Polk Ave 51.7 62.9 11.2 No No
W. Clinton Ave 1900 east of N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Ave 59.0 66.9 8.0 Yes Yes
W. Clinton Ave N. Cornelia Ave to N. Milburn
Ave 63.0 68.9 5.9 Yes Yes
W. Clinton Ave N. Milburn Ave to N. Blythe Ave 61.8 68.5 6.6 Yes Yes W. Clinton Ave N. Blythe Ave to N Sonora Ave 64.6 68.9 4.2 Yes No W. Clinton Ave N. Sonora Ave to N Brawley Ave 63.5 67.7 4.2 Yes No W. Clinton Ave N Brawley Ave to N. Knoll Ave 63.7 68.5 4.7 Yes No W. Clinton Ave N. Knoll Ave to 850 ft east of N.

Knoll Ave 63.6 68.3 4.7 Yes No
W. Clinton Ave 850 east of N. Knoll Ave to N.

Valentine Ave 61.4 66.2 4.7 Yes No
W. Clinton Ave N. Valentine Ave to N. Marks
Ave 64.2 69.7 5.5 Yes Yes
W. Clinton Ave N. Marks Ave to W. Vassar Ave 68.0 72.6 4.6 Yes No N Garfield Ave W. Herndon Ave to W. Bullard
Ave No Data 57.8 n/a n/a n/a
N Garfield Ave W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow
Ave No Data 58.4 n/a n/a n/a
N Garfield Ave W. Barstow Ave to 1,000 ft
south of W. Barstow Ave No Data 60.9 n/a n/a n/a
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 57 Table 15: Change in Noise Along Roadways Due to West Area Specific Plan (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway1 Segment
CNEL at 100 Feet dBA2
Existing
Without
Project
Existing
Plus
Project
Plus
Cumulative
Change
in Noise
Level
Exceeds
Compatibility
Criteria3
Potential
Significant
Impact4
N Garfield Ave 1,000 ft south of W. Barstow
Ave to W. Shaw Ave No Data 60.9 n/a n/a n/a
N Garfield Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg
Ave No Data 59.0 n/a n/a n/a
N Garfield Ave W. Gettysburg to W. Ashlan Ave No Data 58.8 n/a n/a n/a N Garfield Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave No Data 21.5 n/a n/a n/a N Garfield Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave No Data 58.5 n/a n/a n/a N. Parkway Drive N Herndon Ave to W. Herndon
Ave No Data 57.7 n/a n/a n/a
N. Grantland
Ave
N. Parkway Drive to W. Bullard
Ave No Data No Data n/a n/a n/a
N. Grantland
Ave
W. Bullard Ave to W. Barstow
Ave 62.5 64.4 2.0 Yes No
N. Grantland
Ave W. Barstow Ave to W. Shaw Ave 61.9 65.5 3.6 Yes No
N. Grantland
Ave
W. Shaw Ave to W. Gettysburg
Ave 57.4 68.0 10.6 Yes Yes
N. Grantland
Ave
W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan
Ave 59.7 71.1 11.5 Yes Yes
N. Grantland
Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W Dakota Ave 58.5 No Data n/a n/a n/a N. Grantland
Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Shields Ave No Data 69.7 n/a n/a n/a N. Grantland
Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 57.3 67.7 10.5 Yes Yes N. Bryan Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana
Ave 53.9 63.4 9.5 No No
N. Bryan Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W.

Gettysburg Ave 53.9 63.4 9.5 No No
N. Bryan Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan
Ave 57.6 65.3 7.7 Yes Yes
N. Bryan Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 55.1 No Data n/a n/a n/a N. Bryan Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 52.5 62.9 10.3 No No N. Bryan Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 48.2 61.4 13.2 No No N. Hayes Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Santa Ana
Ave 57.1 66.4 9.3 Yes Yes
N. Hayes Ave W. Santa Ana Ave to W.

Gettysburg Ave 57.0 66.2 9.3 Yes Yes
N. Hayes Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Swift
Ave 55.0 66.8 11.8 Yes Yes
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 58 Table 15: Change in Noise Along Roadways Due to West Area Specific Plan (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway1 Segment
CNEL at 100 Feet dBA2
Existing
Without
Project
Existing
Plus
Project
Plus
Cumulative
Change
in Noise
Level
Exceeds
Compatibility
Criteria3
Potential
Significant
Impact4
N. Hayes Ave W. Swift Ave to W. Ashlan Ave 52.4 64.2 11.8 Yes No N. Hayes Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Dakota
Ave 53.9 64.9 11.0 Yes No
N. Hayes Ave W. Dakota Ave to 1,300 ft South
of W. Dakota Ave 53.4 63.3 9.9 Yes No
N. Hayes Ave 1,300 ft South of W. Dakota Ave
to W Shields Ave 56.0 65.9 9.9 Yes Yes
N. Hayes Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 52.3 62.5 10.3 Yes No N. Polk Ave North of W. Shaw Ave 60.1 61.8 1.7 Yes No
N. Polk Ave W. Shaw Ave to W. Acacia Ave 62.3 67.8 5.5 Yes Yes N. Polk Ave W. Acacia Ave to W. Gettysburg
Ave 62.4 67.9 5.5 Yes Yes
N. Polk Ave W. Gettysburg Ave to W. Ashlan
Ave 58.3 66.5 8.1 Yes Yes
N. Polk Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Griffith
Way 59.0 66.5 7.5 Yes Yes
N. Polk Ave W. Griffith Way to W. Dakota
Ave 61.1 68.7 7.5 Yes Yes
N. Polk Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 58.4 65.3 6.9 Yes Yes N. Polk Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 57.2 64.9 7.7 No No N. Cornelia Ave N. Parkway Drive to W.

Gettysburg Ave 60.2 62.3 2.1 No No
N. Cornelia Ave W. Gettysburg to W. Ashlan Ave 60.2 66.1 5.9 Yes Yes N. Cornelia Ave W. Ashland Ave to W. Bellaire
Way 61.6 64.6 3.0 No No
N. Cornelia Ave W. Bellaire Way to W. Dakota
Ave 61.6 64.6 3.0 No No
N. Cornelia Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 57.7 62.6 4.9 No No N. Cornelia Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 60.1 64.4 4.3 No No N. Blythe Ave W. Ashlan Ave to W. Dakota Ave 59.7 63.8 4.1 No No N. Blythe Ave W. Dakota Ave to W Shields Ave 56.8 62.5 5.6 No No N. Blythe Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 57.0 62.2 5.2 No No N Brawley Ave N. Parkway Drive to W. Dakota
Ave 58.3 63.3 5.0 No No
N Brawley Ave W. Dakota Ave to W. Dayton
Ave 58.0 62.2 4.1 No No
N Brawley Ave W. Dayton Ave to W. Cortland
Ave 60.6 64.7 4.1 No No
West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 59 Table 15: Change in Noise Along Roadways Due to West Area Specific Plan (dBA, CNEL)

Roadway1 Segment
CNEL at 100 Feet dBA2
Existing
Without
Project
Existing
Plus
Project
Plus
Cumulative
Change
in Noise
Level
Exceeds
Compatibility
Criteria3
Potential
Significant
Impact4
N Brawley Ave W. Cortland Ave to W. Shields
Ave 57.9 62.0 4.1 No No
N Brawley Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 57.6 62.1 4.5 No No N. Valentine Ave N. Parkway Drive to W Shields
Ave 53.9 60.7 6.8 No No
N. Valentine Ave W Shields Ave to W. Clinton Ave 52.9 60.4 7.5 No No N. Marks Ave W Princeton Ave to W. Clinton
Ave 59.2 61.5 2.3 No No
Notes:
1 Exterior noise levels calculated at 5 feet above ground level. 2 Noise levels calculated from centerline of subject roadway. 3 See Table 6.
4 Significant if results in a 3 dB increase in ambient noise levels and exceeds standard in Table 6 (65 CNEL).

As shown in Table 15 existing plus project plus cumulative traffic conditions will result in significant increases in ambient noise levels along the following road segments. This impact is significant and mitigation is required.
• Traffic noise levels along W. Shaw Avenue are expected to range between 68.1 and 73.3 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline of the road, resulting in increases ranging between 6.9 and 8.3 dBA CNEL.
• Traffic noise levels along W. Ashlan Avenue between N. Grantland Avenue and N. Blythe Avenue are expected to range between 67.5 and 70.4 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline of the road, resulting in increases ranging between 5.6 and 13.4 dBA CNEL. • Traffic noise levels along W. Shields Avenue between N. Polk Avenue and N. Cornelia Avenue are expected to reach up to 66 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline of the road, resulting in an increase in ambient noise level of 7.6 dBA CNEL. • Traffic noise levels along W. Clinton Avenue between N. Polk Avenue and N. Blythe Avenue and between N. Valentine Avenue and N. Marks Avenue are expected to range between 66.9 and

69.7 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline of the road, resulting in an increases in ambient noise levels ranging between 5.5 and 8.0 dBA CNEL.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 60 • Traffic noise levels along N. Grantland Avenue between W. Gettysburg Avenue and W. Dakota Avenue and between W. Shields Avenue and W. Clinton Avenue are expected to range between

67.7 and 71.0 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline of the road, resulting in an increases in ambient noise levels between 10.5 and 11.5 dBA CNEL. • Traffic noise levels along N. Bryan Avenue between W. Gettysburg Avenue and W. Ashlan Avenue are expected to reach up to 65.3 dBA CNEL, resulting in an increase of 7.7 dBA CNEL in ambient noise levels.
• Traffic noise levels along N. Hayes Avenue between W. Shaw Avenue and W. Swift Avenue and between W. Dakota Avenue and W. Shields Avenue are expected to range between 65.9 and

66.8 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline of the road, resulting in an increases in ambient noise levels ranging between 9.3 and 11.8 dBA CNEL. • Traffic noise levels along N. Polk Avenue between W. Shaw Avenue and W. Shields Avenue are expected to range between 65.3 and 68.7 dBA CNEL at a distance of 100 feet from the centerline of the road, resulting in an increases in ambient noise levels between 5.5 and 8.1 dBA CNEL.
• Traffic noise levels along N. Cornelia Avenue between W. Gettysburg Avenue and W. Ashlan Avenue are expected to reach up to 66.1 dBA CNEL, resulting in an increase of 5.9 dBA CNEL in ambient noise levels.

Mitigation Measures for Traffic Noise Impacts- Exterior Environment The following mitigation measures should be implemented to minimize the impact associated with a substantial increase in ambient noise levels and to ensure compliance with the standards presented in Table 6.

1. Implement performance standards for noise reduction for new residential and noise sensitive uses exposed to exterior community noise levels from transportation sources above 65 dB Ldn or CNEL, as shown on Exhibit G: Existing Plus Project Plus Cumulative Noise Contours, or as identified by a project-specific acoustical analysis based on the target acceptable noise levels set in Table 6 in this report. If future exterior noise levels are expected to exceed the applicable standards presented in Table 6, the mitigation measure presented below shall be implemented, as applicable. A qualified Acoustical Consultant shall provide information demonstrating that site specific mitigation will be effective at reaching the applicable noise standard. • Install noise walls, berms and/or a combination of a landscaped berm with wall, and reduced barrier height in combination with increased distance or elevation differences between noise source and noise receptor. The City of Fresno has established a maximum allowable height of 15 feet.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 61 Establishing distance between a noise source and a receiver is an effective way to reduce noise levels at the receiver. Traffic noise is not a single, stationary point source but a line source.

Therefore a drop-off rate of 3 dB occurs with every doubling of distance from the receiver. The movement of a vehicle makes the noise source of the sound appear to be emanate from a line rather than from a point when viewed over a time interval.

As shown below, when a noise barrier is inserted between a noise source and receiver, the direct noise path along the line of sight between the two is interrupted. Some of the acoustical energy will be transmitted through the barrier material and continue to the source, although at a reduced level. The amount of this reduction depends on the material’s mass and rigidity, and is called the transmission loss (TL), which is expressed in decibels. To be effective, noise barriers need to be solid, without holes and cracks. Concrete walls and earthen berms tend to provide the most noise attenuation, but other materials can be used. The exact amount of reduction provided by a barrier will range depending on the material, location and height of the barrier but barriers can be used to mitigate significant noise impacts to sensitive receptors in outdoor activity areas.

Source: Caltrans 2013a

7.1.3 Rail Noise
Noise associated with the existing Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) line is expected to remain the same or end altogether. The California High-Speed Train Project (CAHST), which is currently under construction east of State Route 99 will introduce more noise into the eastern portion of the Plan Area. According to the Noise and Vibration Technical Report prepared for the Merced to Fresno Section of the High Speed Train (CAHST, FRA 2012), trains in the Fresno area are expected to result in noise levels between 65 to 76 dB Ldn at nearby receptors. All of the receptors to be moderately or severely impacted by the HST are located outside of the Plan Area to the east. HST noise is not expected to result in significant noise impacts within the Plan Area.

7.1.4 Airport/Aircraft Noise
Noise Contours associated with airports in the vicinity of the Plan Area are not expected to encroach into the Plan Area. The Plan Area will however, continue to be affected by fly-over noise associated with the West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Future Noise Environment Impacts and Mitigation 62 Fresno Yosemite International airport, the Fresno‐Chandler Downtown airport, and the Sierra Sky Park Airport. Airport and aircraft noise is not expected to result in significant impacts in the Plan Area.

7.1.5 Agricultural Noise
Development of the Specific Plan Area may result in the exposure of sensitive receptors to agricultural noise. Crop cultivation however, is specifically exempt from compliance with the noise regulations presented in Section 15-2506 of the City of Fresno Municipal Code.

7.2 Future Interior Noise
Interior noise levels at future land uses exposed to exterior noise levels exceeding 65 dBA CNEL may exceed the City’s standards presented in Table 6 without mitigation.

Based on the data provided in the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Protective Noise Levels (EPA 550/9-79-100, Nov 1979), standard homes in Southern California provide at least 12 dBA of noise exterior to interior noise attenuation with windows open and 20 dBA with windows closed. Therefore, residences would need to be exposed to exterior noise levels exceeding 65 dBA CNEL (45 dBA + 20 dBA = 65 dBA) to potentially exceed the interior noise standard of 45 dBA CNEL with windows closed. A windows closed condition is defined as: the interior noise level with the windows closed. Upgrades are required for residential structures that would experience interior noise levels exceeding the 45 dBA CNEL noise standard when windows are closed (e.g. higher grade of insulation in outdoor walls, and/or doublepaned windows and air condition units).

Mitigation Measures for Traffic Noise Impacts – Interior Noise Environment

1. Prior to approval, site-specific noise analyses projects are required to fine-tune and finalize noise reduction features. The site-specific noise analyses must demonstrate the interior noise level will not exceed the City’s 45 dBA CNEL noise limit.

A qualified Acoustical Consultant shall provide information demonstrating that site specific mitigation will be effective at reaching the applicable noise standard.  Install noise walls, berms and/or a combination of a landscaped berm with wall, and reduced barrier height in combination with increased distance or elevation differences between noise source and noise receptor. The City of Fresno has established a maximum allowable height of 15 feet.
• Utilize façades with substantial weight and insulation. • stall sound-rated windows for primary sleeping and activity areas. • Install sound-rated doors for all exterior entries at primary sleeping and activity areas. • Install acoustic baffling of vents for chimneys, attic and gable ends. • Install mechanical ventilation systems that provide fresh air under closed window conditions.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Construction Noise Impact
63 8.0 Construction Noise Impact
The degree of construction noise may vary for different areas of the project site and also vary depending on the construction activities. Noise levels associated with the construction will vary with the different phases of construction.

8.1 Construction Noise
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled data regarding the noise generated characteristics of typical construction activities. The data is presented in Table 16. These noise levels would diminish rapidly with distance from the construction site at a rate of 6 dBA per doubling of distance. For example, a noise level of 86 dBA measured 50 feet from the noise source would reduce to 80 dBA at 100 feet. At 200 feet from the noise source the noise level would reduce to 74 dBA. At 400 feet the noise source would reduce by another 6 dBA to 68 dBA. Contractors are required to comply with the City of Fresno’s Noise Ordinance during construction described in Section 10-109.

Table 16: Typical Construction Noise Levels

Equipment Powered by Internal Combustion Engines
Type Noise Levels (dBA) at 50 Feet
Earth Moving
Compactors (Rollers) 73 - 76
Front Loaders 73 - 84
Backhoes 73 - 92
Tractors 75 - 95
Scrapers, Graders 78 - 92
Pavers 85 - 87
Trucks 81 - 94
Materials Handling
Concrete Mixers 72 - 87
Concrete Pumps 81 - 83
Cranes (Movable) 72 - 86
Cranes (Derrick) 85 - 87
Stationary
Pumps 68 - 71
Generators 71 - 83
Compressors 75 - 86
Impact Equipment
Type Noise Levels (dBA) at 50 Feet
Saws 71 - 82
Vibrators 68 - 82
Notes:

Source: Reference Noise Levels from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Construction Noise Impact
64 8.1.1 Construction Traffic
The proposed project would result in short-term noise impacts associated with construction activities.

Two types of short-term noise impacts could occur during construction of the proposed project. First, construction crew commute and the transport of construction equipment and materials to the site for the proposed project would incrementally increase noise levels on access roads leading to the site. Truck traffic associated with project construction should be limited to within the permitted construction hours, as listed in the City’s Municipal Code. Although there would be a relatively high single-event noise exposure potential at a maximum of 87 dBA Lmax at 50 ft from passing trucks, causing possible shortterm intermittent annoyances, the effect on ambient noise levels would be less than 1 dBA when averaged over one hour or 24 hours. In other words, the changes in noise levels over 1 hour or 24 hours attributable to passing trucks would not be perceptible to the normal human ear. Therefore, short-term construction-related impacts associated with worker commute and equipment transport on local streets leading to the project site would result in a less than significant impact on noise-sensitive receptors along the access routes.

8.1.2 Construction Activities
The site preparation phase, which includes grading and paving, tends to generate the highest noise levels, since the noisiest construction equipment is earthmoving equipment. Earthmoving equipment includes excavating machinery such as backhoes, bulldozers, and front loaders. Earthmoving and compacting equipment includes compactors, scrapers, and graders. Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve 1 or 2 minutes of full power operation followed by 3 or 4 minutes at lower power settings. Construction of the proposed project is expected to require the use of scrapers, bulldozers, motor grader, and water and pickup trucks. Noise associated with the use of construction equipment is estimated to reach between 79 and 89 dBA Lmax at a distance of 50 ft from the active construction area for the grading phase. The maximum noise level generated by each scraper is assumed to be approximately 87 dBA Lmax at 50 ft from the scraper in operation. Each bulldozer would also generate approximately 85 dBA Lmax at 50 ft. The maximum noise level generated by the sound sources with equal strength increases the noise level by 3 dBA. The worst-case combined noise level during this phase of construction would be 91 dBA Lmax at a distance of 50 ft from an active construction area. Noise reduction potential will be project and site specific. Section 8.3 outlines measures would reduce noise impacts during the project construction.

Typical operating cycles for these types of construction equipment may involve one or two minutes of full power operation followed by three to four minutes at lower power settings. Noise levels will be loudest during grading phase. A likely worst-case construction noise scenario during grading assumes the use of a grader, a dozer, and two (2) excavators, two (2) backhoes and a scrapper operating at 50 feet from the nearest sensitive receptor.

Assuming a usage factor of 40 percent for each piece of equipment, unmitigated noise levels at 50 feet have the potential to reach 90 dBA Leq and 92 dBA Lmax at the nearest sensitive receptors during grading.

Noise levels for the other construction phases would be lower and range between 85 to 90 dBA.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Construction Noise Impact
65 Measures to minimize construction noise impacts associated with Plan Area development are listed below.

1. Construction must follow the City’s Municipal Noise Code Section 10-109 which exempts construction, repair or remodeling work accomplished pursuant to a building, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, or other construction permit issued by the city or other governmental agency, or to site preparation and grading, provided such work takes place between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. on any day except Sunday.

2. Truck traffic associated with project construction should be limited to within the permitted construction hours, as listed in the City’s Municipal Code above.

3. Stationary construction noise sources such as generators or pumps should be located at least 300 feet from sensitive land uses, as feasible.

4. Construction staging areas should be located as far from noise sensitive land uses as feasible.

5. During construction, the contractor shall ensure all construction equipment is equipped with appropriate noise attenuating devices. The use of manufacturer certified mufflers would generally reduce the construction equipment noise by 8 to 10 dBA.

6. Idling equipment shall be turned off when not in use.

7. Equipment shall be maintained so that vehicles and their loads are secured from rattling and banging.

8.2 Construction Vibration
The effects of vibration on structures have been the subject of extensive research. The Federal Transit Administration has compiled data regarding the vibration levels for various construction equipment and activities and is detailed in Table 17. The Transportation and Construction Induced Vibration Guidance Manual for the California Department of Transportation has various recommended vibration thresholds for various types of projects and land uses. According to the Konan Vibration Criteria for Historic and Sensitive Buildings the criteria for transient vibration sources should not exceed 0.3 peak particle velocity (PPV) (Section 6 – Structures, Table 11). 0.035 inches per second is barely perceptive. Construction activities can produce vibration that may be felt by adjacent land uses. Construction of the proposed project is unlikely to require the use of equipment such as pile drivers, which are known to generate substantial construction vibration levels. The primary source vibration during construction will likely be from a bull dozer. A large bull dozer has a vibration impact of 0.089 inches per second PPV at 25 feet.

The use of vibratory equipment should be evaluated on a project by project basis. As shown in Table 5, a peak particle velocity (PPV) of 0.20 is the threshold at which there is a risk to “architectural” damage to normal dwellings. It is also the level at which ground-borne vibration are annoying to people in buildings. Impacts would be significant if construction activities result in ground-borne vibration of 0.20 or higher at a sensitive receptors. Mitigation measures to reduce construction related ground-borne vibration are presented below.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA Construction Noise Impact
66 Table 17: Vibration Source Levels for Construction Equipment

Equipment
Peak Particle Velocity Approximate Vibration Level
(inches/second) at 25 feet LV (VdB) at 25 feet
Pile driver (impact)

1.518 (upper range) 112

0.644 (typical) 104
Pile driver (sonic)

0.734 upper range 105

0.170 typical 93
Clam shovel drop (slurry wall) 0.202 94
Hydromill 0.008 in soil 66
(slurry wall) 0.017 in rock 75
Vibratory Roller 0.21 94
Hoe Ram 0.089 87
Large bulldozer 0.089 87
Caisson drill 0.089 87
Loaded trucks 0.076 86
Jackhammer 0.035 79
Small bulldozer 0.003 58
Source: Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Federal Transit Administration, May 2006.

Measures to Reduce Impacts Related to Construction Generated Ground-borne Vibration

1. If it is necessary to operate highly vibratory equipment in the Plan Area an additional analysis shall be conducted by a noise and vibration specialist prior to project approval, in order to evaluate potential ground-borne vibration impacts to existing structures and sensitive receptors; and to recommend additional mitigation measures as necessary.

West Area Specific Plan
Noise Impact Study
City of Fresno, CA References
67 9.0 References
California, State of, Building Standards Commission
2019 California Uniform Building Code (UBC), Title 24.

California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
1995 California Vehicle Noise Reference Energy Mean Emission Levels (Calveno REMELS) in STAMINA

2.0. Technical Advisory, Noise TAN 95-03.
2002 California Airport Land Use Planning Handbook.
2013a Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol. 2013b Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual. September. 2018 Caltrans Traffic Counts https://dot.ca.gov/programs/traffic-operations/census California High Speed Train Project
2010 High Speed Train Sound Fact Sheet
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
1974 Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety. Prepared by the EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and Control.

Federal Transit Administration
2006 Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. Typical Construction Equipment Vibration Emissions. FTAVA-90-1003-06.

Federal Railroad Administration
2006 Create Rail Noise Model
2012 Noise and Vibration Technical Report prepared for the Merced to Fresno Section of the High Speed Train
2020 https://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/OfficeofSafety/PublicSite/Crossing/Crossing.aspx Office of Planning and Research, State of California
2017 Office of Planning and Research, General Plan Guidelines.

Fresno, City of
2014 City of Fresno General Plan Noise Element.
2017 City of Fresno Code of Ordinance

Appendix A:

SoundPLAN Data
Fresno West EIR
Emission calculation road - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP
16 Road Section name KM
km
ADT
Veh/24h
Gradient
%
W. Gettysburg Ave - West
of N. Bryan Ave 0.000 1200 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue
to W. Clinton A 0.000 107000 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue
to W. Sheilds Av 0.000 104000 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue
to W. Clinton A 0.000 107000 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue
to W. Dakota Ave 0.000 105000 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue
to W. Dakota Ave 0.000 105000 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue
to W. Ashlan Avenu 0.000 77000 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue
to W. Ashlan Avenu 0.000 77000 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue
to W. Ashlan Avenu 0.000 77000 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N
Brawley Avenue to N. P 0.000 2400 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N
Brawley Avenue to N. P 0.000 2400 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N
Brawley Avenue to N. P 0.004 2400 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N
Brawley Avenue to N. P 0.000 2400 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N
Brawley Avenue to N. P 0.000 2400 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon
Avenue to W. Shaw Aven 0.000 81000 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue
to W. Dakota Ave 0.000 105000 0.0

0.000 3050 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 1 Fresno West EIR
Emission calculation road - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP
16 Road Section name KM
km
ADT
Veh/24h
Gradient
%
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Hayes A 0.000 8250 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Av 0.000 9200 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro 0.000 18200 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N. 0.000 7100 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha 0.000 3100 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po 0.000 2050 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to
N. Cornelia 0.000 6500 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Cornelia Ave to N. Bl 0.000 16350 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N 0.000 1700 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po 0.000 1950 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Polk Ave to N. Ba 0.000 1200 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br 0.000 3200 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 0.000 23600 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po 0.000 1950 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor 0.000 5100 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N.

Cornelia Avenue to N. 0.000 4250 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 2 Fresno West EIR
Emission calculation road - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP
16 Road Section name KM
km
ADT
Veh/24h
Gradient
%
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br 0.000 3150 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N
Brawley Avenue to N. P 0.000 2400 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co 0.000 3750 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P 0.000 3250 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H 0.000 3550 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry 0.000 2750 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Cornelia Ave to N Bl 0.000 4600 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra 0.000 4400 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N
Brawley Ave to N. Val 0.000 5800 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. 0.000 6900 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co 0.000 3400 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk 0.000 1050 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye 0.000 700 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry 0.000 400 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Cornelia Avenue to N 0.000 6400 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B 0.000 9300 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 3 Fresno West EIR
Emission calculation road - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP
16 Road Section name KM
km
ADT
Veh/24h
Gradient
%
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr 0.000 6000 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha 0.000 6700 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W 0.000 4000 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett 0.000 2400 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett 0.000 2700 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty 0.000 7300 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue 0.000 4400 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to
N. Grantland 0.000 1200 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont 0.000 800 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar 0.000 7150 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr 0.000 600 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. 0.000 2900 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W 0.000 10500 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As 0.000 3100 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi 0.000 1750 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da 0.000 3050 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 4 Fresno West EIR
Emission calculation road - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP
16 Road Section name KM
km
ADT
Veh/24h
Gradient
%
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W 0.000 1700 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W. 0.000 4850 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Ashland Avenue to W. D 0.000 2400 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da 0.000 5600 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W. 0.000 5700 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W.

Ashland Avenue to W 0.000 7800 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D 0.000 6700 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 0.000 23600 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi 0.000 2150 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie 0.000 4900 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W 0.000 5800 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh 0.000 4750 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W. D 0.000 6600 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W
Shields Avenue to W. C 0.000 6000 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of
N. Grantland Av 0.000 2700 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W
Shields Avenue to W 0.000 2300 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 5 Fresno West EIR
Emission calculation road - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP
16 Road Section name KM
km
ADT
Veh/24h
Gradient
%
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl 0.000 650 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl 0.000 1650 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli 0.000 3750 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W
Shields Avenue to W. 0.000 5700 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C 0.000 4900 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Sh 0.000 6350 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W 0.000 2600 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W
Shields Avenue to W 0.000 2100 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N
Brawley Ave to N. Val 0.000 9850 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. 0.000 11300 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W
Princeton Avenue to W. 0.000 9100 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W
Princeton Avenue to W. 0.000 9100 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 0.000 20000 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry 0.000 800 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Shaw Avenue to W. 0.000 3900 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W 0.000 3050 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 6 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
Receiver 1 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 78.9 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 19.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 45.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 44.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 78.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 0.0
Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 34.9 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 33.2 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 25.1 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 35.5 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 24.8 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 22.0 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 1 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 22.4 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 22.4 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 22.5 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 16.2 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 25.5 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 2 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 35.1 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 36.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 25.5 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 26.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 25.8 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 27.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 19.1 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 30.9 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 28.1 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 42.7 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 34.6 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 40.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 61.6 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 24.9 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 20.8 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 24.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 21.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 25.6 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 18.5 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 3 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 21.6 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 22.9 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 4 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 29.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 29.8 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 0.0
Receiver 2 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 69.1 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 34.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 43.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 53.3 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 42.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 52.7 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 64.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 41.8 0.0
Road 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 5 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 63.4 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 46.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 34.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 63.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 36.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 32.4 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 33.7 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 34.9 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 36.7 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 34.3 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 25.6 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 36.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 31.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 25.7 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 28.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 25.2 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 21.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 15.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 26.0 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 26.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 27.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 26.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 25.3 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 6 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 19.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 23.5 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 19.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 18.0 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 15.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 22.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 44.9 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 45.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 36.3 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 54.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 40.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 37.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 28.4 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 33.3 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 38.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 41.2 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 26.4 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 36.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 38.4 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 7 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 41.1 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 33.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 33.4 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 33.8 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 35.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 28.2 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 33.0 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 33.4 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 31.0 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 28.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 21.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 26.3 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 29.5 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 27.5 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 23.8 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 23.0 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 25.9 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 25.2 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 19.4 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 22.0 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 25.7 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 24.3 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 8 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 20.9 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 21.4 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 37.9 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 42.1 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 29.5 0.0
Receiver 3 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 67.6 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 32.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 45.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 43.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 47.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 59.3 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 46.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 58.5 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 14.5 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 9 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 14.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 9.5 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 12.4 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 63.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 46.3 0.0
Road 13.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 49.0 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 51.0 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 39.9 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 42.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 41.4 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 40.5 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 41.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 40.7 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 47.9 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 56.4 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 35.9 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 37.4 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 35.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 31.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 33.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 30.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 26.2 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 10 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 19.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 30.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 31.0 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 31.2 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 28.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 29.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 26.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 25.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 21.0 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 16.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 27.1 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 22.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 20.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 17.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 28.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 28.8 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 36.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 36.1 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 34.0 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 39.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 57.8 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 46.5 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 33.5 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 11 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 25.8 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 31.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 33.7 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 20.4 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 30.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 33.0 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 39.8 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 34.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 33.6 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 49.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 45.6 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 34.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 40.0 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 40.1 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 37.2 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 32.9 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 26.0 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 30.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 34.6 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 32.6 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 28.2 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 27.0 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 25.0 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 12 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 26.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 26.6 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 20.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 25.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 29.6 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 28.3 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 26.0 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 28.0 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 20.1 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 18.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 27.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 27.9 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 35.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 30.7 0.0
Receiver 4 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 71.0 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 36.3 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 36.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 13 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 41.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 44.4 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 53.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 43.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 49.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 12.4 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 12.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 7.5 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 10.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 56.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 43.1 0.0
Road 11.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 41.5 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 39.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 30.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 40.9 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 62.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 40.8 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 38.2 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 37.6 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 38.3 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 34.7 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 25.8 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 14 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 66.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 32.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 33.4 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 33.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 28.5 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 24.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 17.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 31.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 33.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 36.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 35.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 29.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 25.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 24.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 28.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 25.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 24.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 22.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 29.0 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 28.5 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 38.1 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 15 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 35.9 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 42.5 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 40.7 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 36.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 35.5 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 24.2 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 25.5 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 26.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 32.3 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 19.4 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 27.8 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 31.2 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 67.2 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 57.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 43.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 39.2 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 37.9 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 37.7 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 38.3 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 34.3 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 34.3 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 30.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 23.2 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 16 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 34.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 35.5 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 31.8 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 26.7 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 24.6 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 24.2 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 33.2 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 32.5 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 27.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 29.2 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 31.4 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 28.7 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 25.5 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 26.3 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 15.6 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 24.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 25.6 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 38.3 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 17 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 38.4 0.0
Receiver 5 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 79.0 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 26.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 39.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 48.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 44.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 47.3 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 51.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 61.3 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 51.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 55.7 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 18.2 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 17.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 13.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 15.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 57.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 50.7 0.0
Road 17.1 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 39.1 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 41.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 34.9 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 35.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 44.0 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 18 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 66.3 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 76.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 50.4 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 33.0 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 39.5 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 35.2 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 37.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 42.4 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 38.5 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 42.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 37.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 31.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 23.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 36.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 36.2 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 34.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 30.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 35.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 31.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 29.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 26.4 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 19.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 31.7 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 19 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 26.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 23.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 19.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 33.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 33.0 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 31.6 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 30.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 30.5 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 31.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 36.3 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 43.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 29.4 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 21.2 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 25.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 28.9 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 16.3 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 25.8 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 28.9 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 35.1 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 34.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 32.1 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 39.2 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 73.3 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 20 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 38.1 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 70.2 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 45.4 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 46.1 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 38.4 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 31.9 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 35.2 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 44.2 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 39.7 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 33.8 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 31.3 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 29.2 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 27.1 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 27.7 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 23.1 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 29.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 36.3 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 33.8 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 30.9 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 32.5 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 23.6 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 22.1 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 31.1 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 21 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 29.5 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 23.9 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 21.5 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 28.4 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 22.1 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 30.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 30.9 0.0
Receiver 6 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 77.5 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 17.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 46.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 57.3 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 52.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 56.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 61.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 61.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 58.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 49.2 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 31.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 29.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 24.6 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 25.3 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 50.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 60.3 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 22 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
Road 26.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 31.1 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 33.8 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 28.1 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 28.2 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 30.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 32.2 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 41.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 50.0 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 23.5 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 27.9 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 24.8 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 27.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 48.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 32.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 43.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 67.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 71.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 38.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 38.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 33.4 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 29.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 25.4 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 23 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 44.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 43.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 39.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 34.3 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 28.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 34.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 26.1 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 21.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 16.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 39.0 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 40.7 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 22.9 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 24.1 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 23.5 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 23.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 26.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 32.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 21.2 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 19.2 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 24 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 26.1 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 27.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 25.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 26.7 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 35.9 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 27.1 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 38.5 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 40.3 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 45.8 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 74.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 38.9 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 28.8 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 37.9 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 44.5 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 67.7 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 43.3 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 38.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 22.6 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 23.7 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 19.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 26.5 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 34.6 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 25 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 38.4 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 42.5 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 45.1 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 32.6 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 30.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 38.9 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 36.5 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 30.6 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 28.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 34.6 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 16.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 23.6 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 25.5 0.0
Receiver 7 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 72.0 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 23.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 47.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 39.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 42.9 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 26 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 48.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 39.9 0.0
Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 32.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 31.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 23.7 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 32.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 35.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 30.2 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 31.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 32.6 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 25.9 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 25.5 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 18.7 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 37.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 29.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 29.4 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 29.7 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 25.7 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 27 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 21.7 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 31.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 36.1 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 43.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 67.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 28.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 24.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 20.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 29.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 28.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 31.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 33.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 29.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 28.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 31.6 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 29.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 34.6 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 27.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 26.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 28.1 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 28 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 17.2 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 20.0 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 19.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 26.9 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 14.6 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 22.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 32.5 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 41.2 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 43.4 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 27.7 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 30.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 29.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 33.0 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 28.6 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 30.3 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 27.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 19.6 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 33.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 33.6 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 29.8 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 24.9 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 22.1 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 29 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 23.4 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 62.2 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 62.0 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 35.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 32.6 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 32.4 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 28.6 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 25.0 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 24.6 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 18.9 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 30.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 68.3 0.0
Receiver 8 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 78.4 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 20.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 41.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 49.2 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 30 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 46.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 47.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 49.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 54.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 47.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 46.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 18.2 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 17.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 13.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 16.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 50.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 48.2 0.0
Road 17.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 32.2 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 33.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 26.6 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 30.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 34.8 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 35.2 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 39.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 41.2 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 25.7 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 28.4 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 31 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 23.4 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 31.9 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 37.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 38.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 43.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 37.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 31.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 23.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 72.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 68.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 43.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 35.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 44.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 36.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 32.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 27.7 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 22.1 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 42.9 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 37.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 31.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 24.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 40.9 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 37.9 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 32 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 27.8 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 26.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 27.4 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 25.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 27.7 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 32.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 20.9 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 14.7 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 19.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 22.2 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 30.0 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 34.8 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 31.0 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 29.8 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 38.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 33.5 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 45.8 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 35.7 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 41.1 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 36.4 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 33 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 27.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 40.3 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 75.5 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 44.8 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 36.0 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 30.4 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 32.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 30.6 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 30.9 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 28.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 39.1 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 68.0 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 43.4 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 36.1 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 33.7 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 24.5 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 24.1 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 34.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 31.7 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 25.5 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 22.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 30.1 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 17.3 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 34 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 26.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 32.2 0.0
Receiver 9 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 77.5 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 16.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 47.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 57.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 53.4 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 54.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 57.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 55.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 52.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 45.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 26.6 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 25.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 20.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 23.9 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 47.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 54.4 0.0
Road 25.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 29.1 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 31.2 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 25.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 25.6 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 35 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 28.7 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 29.9 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 37.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 43.2 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 21.7 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 25.3 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 21.6 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 26.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 41.7 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 29.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 38.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 42.2 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 40.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 32.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 43.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 36.1 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 31.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 26.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 69.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 73.4 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 44.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 36.5 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 32.0 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 36 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 38.0 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 28.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 22.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 17.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 45.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 47.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 22.6 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 21.9 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 24.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 29.7 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 18.5 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 14.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 24.7 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 27.0 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 25.0 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 24.8 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 37 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 32.9 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 25.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 36.4 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 35.7 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 41.0 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 44.7 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 32.7 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 28.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 37.9 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 44.5 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 71.9 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 38.4 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 43.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 23.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 24.3 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 20.0 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 27.7 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 36.7 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 43.4 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 67.4 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 45.2 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 32.8 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 32.4 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 38 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 42.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 38.8 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 32.1 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 29.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 36.1 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 19.8 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 25.5 0.0
Receiver 10 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 69.7 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 20.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 40.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 43.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 47.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 40.4 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 42.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 12.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 11.7 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 7.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 45.2 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 39 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 41.1 0.0
Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 29.9 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 29.8 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 22.7 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 29.2 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 32.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 29.3 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 31.5 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 33.3 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 23.4 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 24.1 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 18.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 32.4 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 29.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 30.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 31.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 27.4 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 23.4 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 17.1 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 34.2 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 38.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 43.6 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 40 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 42.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 31.1 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 26.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 25.1 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 15.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 36.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 38.5 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 66.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 59.1 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 34.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 32.5 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 28.0 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 26.0 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 28.4 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 25.4 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 24.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 27.1 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 16.1 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 14.3 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 17.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 41 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 30.4 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 40.5 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 34.0 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 25.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 29.9 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 28.9 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 33.5 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 28.7 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 31.4 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 28.3 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 20.6 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 35.5 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 36.0 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 32.1 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 27.0 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 23.5 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 25.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 37.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 42.3 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 65.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 39.4 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 42 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 36.9 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 32.1 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 27.9 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 26.5 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 18.7 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 18.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 29.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 16.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 26.3 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 38.7 0.0
Receiver 11 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 77.6 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 16.7 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 44.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 51.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 49.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 48.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 50.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 51.7 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 46.8 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 43 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 43.6 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 19.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 19.5 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 14.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 17.8 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 44.6 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 48.1 0.0
Road 19.3 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 28.4 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 29.8 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 23.5 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 23.8 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 29.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 29.3 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 34.7 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 38.7 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 21.4 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 24.1 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 19.6 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 27.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 36.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 29.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 36.2 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 44 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 35.5 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 32.1 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 25.3 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 43.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 38.2 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 33.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 28.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 44.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 38.6 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 35.0 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 30.4 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 24.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 68.4 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 38.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 29.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 22.5 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 74.6 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 48.0 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 23.3 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 21.7 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 23.5 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 45 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 28.0 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 16.8 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 25.1 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 29.0 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 26.5 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 24.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 31.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 26.7 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 35.7 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 34.0 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 39.5 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 35.6 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 26.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 31.5 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 39.8 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 45.0 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 37.8 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 46 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 31.2 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 37.0 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Grantland Av Road 25.4 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 27.3 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 23.8 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cl Road 32.4 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Cli Road 43.4 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. Road 73.2 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 42.8 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 36.2 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 27.0 0.0
N. Valentine Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W Road 27.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 41.3 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Valentine
Ave to N. Road 37.1 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 28.6 0.0
N. Marks Ave - W Princeton
Avenue to W. Road 25.7 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Marks
Avenue to SR99 Road 34.4 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Bry Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Road 22.7 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Dakota Avenue to W Road 27.8 0.0
Receiver 12 Fl G LrD,lim dB(A) LrD 83.9 dB(A)
W. Gettysburg Ave - West of
N. Bryan Ave Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 70.2 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 47 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
SR99 - W. Dakota Avenue to
W. Sheilds Av Road 62.1 0.0
SR99 - W. Shields Avenue to
W. Clinton A Road 71.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 53.4 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 52.2 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 48.0 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 44.7 0.0
SR99 - W. Shaw Avenue to
W. Ashlan Avenu Road 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 23.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 23.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 19.8 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 23.5 0.0
SR99 - W. Herndon Avenue
to W. Shaw Aven Road 0.0
SR99 - W. Ashlan Avenue to
W. Dakota Ave Road 47.2 0.0
Road 25.5 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Bryan Ave
to N. Hayes A Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Hayes Ave
to N. Polk Av Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to State Ro Road 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N. Grantland
Ave to N. Road 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Ha Road 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 18.2 0.0
W. Ashlan - N. Polk Ave to N.

Cornelia Road 27.1 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N. Bl Road 33.3 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Bryan Avenue to N Road 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 48 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Gettysburg Ave - N.

Hayes Ave to N Po Road 0.0
W. Gettysburg Ave - N. Polk
Ave to N. Ba Road 14.0 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to N Br Road 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 33.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. Po Road 18.9 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Cor Road 25.4 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N. Road 27.3 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N Br Road 29.0 0.0
W. Dakota Ave - N Brawley
Avenue to N. P Road 26.8 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 26.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Hayes
Avenue to N. P Road 23.5 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. H Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Cornelia
Ave to N Bl Road 31.0 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N. Blythe
Ave to N. Bra Road 33.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N Brawley
Ave to N. Val Road 39.7 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - N.

Valentine Ave to N. Road 44.4 0.0
Shields Ave & Valentine Ave
East Road 34.2 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Polk
Avenue to N. Co Road 28.0 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Hayes
Ave to N. Polk Road 19.8 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Bryan
Ave to N. Haye Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N.

Grantland Ave to Bry Road 0.0
W. Clinton Ave - N. Cornelia
Avenue to N Road 34.6 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 49 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
W. Clinton Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to N B Road 41.0 0.0
W. Shaw Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Barstow Ave to Sha Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Avenue to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Gett Road 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Shaw
Avenue to W. Getty Road 0.0
N. Polk Ave - North of W.

Shaw Avenue Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield to N.

Grantland Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Bryan
Avenue to N. Cont Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Bullard Ave to Bar Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N Garfield
Avenue to N. Gr Road 0.0
Bullard Ave - N. Grantland
Avenue to N. Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - N.

Parkway Drive to W Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W.

Gettysburg Ave to W As Road 0.0
N. Bryan Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W Shi Road 0.0
N. Grantland Ave - W.

Ashlan Ave to W Da Road 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W.

Gettysburg Avenue to W Road 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Gettysburg
Avenue to W. Road 23.0 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. D Road 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W. Da Road 26.0 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. Road 26.8 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Ashland
Avenue to W Road 28.8 0.0
SoundPLAN 8.0
MD Acoustics LLC 4960 S. Gilbert Rd Chandler, AZ 85249 Phone: 602 774 1950 50 Fresno West EIR
Assessed contribution level - Situatiion 1: Outdoor SP 9 Source Source typeTr. lane LrD
dB(A)
A
dB
N. Blythe Ave - W. Ashlan
Avenue to W. D Road 30.8 0.0
W. Ashlan Ave - N. Blythe
Avenue to SR99 Road 25.3 0.0
N. Hayes Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shi Road 16.5 0.0
N. Polk Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Shie Road 26.3 0.0
N. Cornelia Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Road 28.8 0.0
N. Blythe Ave - W. Dakota
Avenue to W Sh Road 30.1 0.0
N Brawley Ave - N. Parkway
Drive to W. D Road 31.2 0.0
N Brawley Ave - W Shields
Avenue to W. C Road 36.9 0.0
W. Sheilds Ave - West of N.

Fresno City CouncilOctober 13, 2022

Fresno City Council
October 13, 2022