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Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
JANUARY 1, 2022 – DECEMBER 31, 2022
FRESNO POLICE DEPARTMENT
ANNUAL MILITARY EQUIPMENT USE
REPORT
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
Table of Contents
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 1………………………………………………………………………….... Page 1 Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered arial or ground vehicles.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 2…………………………………………………………………………… Page 4 Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 3………………………………………………………………………….... Page 5 High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly referred to as Humvees, two- and-one-half-ton trucks, five-ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 4…………………………………………………………………………… Page 5 Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 5…………………………………………………………………………… Page 5 Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of public safety units.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 6 ………………………………………………………………………….. Page 8 Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 7 ………………………………………………………………………….. Page 8 Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 8 …………………………………………………………………..…....... Page 10 Firearms and ammunition of .50 caliber or greater, excluding standard-issue shotguns and standard-issue shotgun ammunition.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 9 ………………………………………………………………………….. Page 10 Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including firearms and accessories identified as assault weapons in Penal Code § 30510 and Penal Code §30515, with the exception of standard-issue handguns.
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
Table of Contents
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 10 ……………………………………………………………………..... Page 11 Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 11 ………………………………………………………………………. Page 12 Noise-flash diversionary devices and explosive breaching tools.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 12 ………………………………………………………………..……... Page 14 Munitions containing tear gas or OC, excluding standard, service- issued handheld pepper spray.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 13 ……………………………………………………….…………….... Page 17 TASER® Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and long- range acoustic devices.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 14 ……………………………………………………….……..……….. Page 17 Kinetic energy weapons and munitions.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 15 …………………………………………………………..……….….. Page 19 Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight.
MILITARY EQUIPMENT USAGE ………………………………………....……….……………….. Page 20 Synopsis of itemized equipment use, including geographical and social apportionment for the City of Fresno.
FISCAL IMPACT… ………………………………………………………….……..………………… Page 24
PROJECTED ACQUISITIONS ……………………………………………..……………………… Page 24
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Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
Equipment Category 1. Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered aerial or ground vehicles.
Robots (Category 1)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Robotex Avatar III Tactical Robot, cost: $170,904.48 each, Quantify: 2.
Recon Robotics Scout Robot, cost: $19,000 each, Quantity: 2.
Recon Robotics Throwbot 2 (newer version), cost: $34,000 each, Quantity 2.
This equipment is a battery powered, remote operated device, equipped with two cameras and two- way radio capabilities (Avatar III). This equipment is for (potential) use during high-risk incidents. Use is limited to members of the Department’s Special Weapons and Tactics (S.W.A.T.) team and other tactical teams that are normally tasked with high-risk incidents.
Incidents that may qualify for its use include, but are not limited to, a high- risk warrant se rvice, barricaded subject, and hostage negotiation/rescue. Before entering a structure, particularly in a tactically compromised and dangerous situation, knowledge of a subject’s location is very important, and the robot can provide that without placing anyone at risk. Cameras can also help determine if a subject is armed or if there are other subjects inside that need assistance. The Avatar’s two- way speakers can be used to de- escalate and determine resistance levels of volatile and dangerous subjects. Recon Scout Robots only have one-way communication.
a. Purpose:
To be used to remotely gain visual/audio data, deliver CNT phone, open doors, disrupt packages/devices, and clear buildings. In special circumstances, this equipment has the capability to deliver non-lethal munitions and chemical agents. These devices are used to De-Escalate volatile and dangerous violent suspects helping to reduce the risk of all involved.
b. Authorized Use:
Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be per mitted to operate the robot. Where the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) has certified a course for the use of this Military Equipment, certified training will be obtained.
On S.W.A.T. callouts, use is established by the S.W.A.T. Commander. Use by street tactical teams is established by the supervisor.
c. Expected Lifespan:
10-15 years
d. Fiscal Impact:
Repair or replace as necessary: Estimated at $2,500-$8,500 e. Training Mandates:
Prior to the use of specialized equipment listed within this section, all officers have completed the required training by POST instructors in the maintenance and operation of such equipment.
Where the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) has certified a course for the use of this Military Equipment, certified training will be obtained. f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized firearms only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
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EOD Small Unmanned Robot -Multi-function remote control ground robot (Category 1).
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Explosive Ordinance Disposal Robot, Quantity (3) Two complete units and one spare parts unit, remotely operated four-wheel compact robot with camera.
Used by Bomb Squad personnel to assess hazardous devices from a safe distance. Robot does not have disruption ability. Unit cost $0.00 (Obtained free from 1033 program).
a. Purpose:
To be used as visual observation and inspection platform during EOD responses to hazardous or explosive devices. Provides safe standoff distance for emergency response personnel.
b. Authorized Use:
Only assigned bomb squad personnel who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the robot with approval of the EOD Commander. c. Expected Lifespan:
Five years of life left due to obsolete technology.
d. Fiscal Impact:
Minimal annual maintenance cost $300 (cleaning, inspection, etc.). e. Training Mandates:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a six-week Hazardous Device School (HDS), provided by the Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, prior to operating the EOD Small Unmanned Robot -Multi-function remote control ground robot.
A Hazardous Device School Recertification is required every 3 years. There is no cost to attend the recertification. All cost for the recertifications is covered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Additionally, the National Guidelines for Bomb Technicians includes a requirement for a minimum of 16 hours of training per month. EOD Technicians are required to demonstrate continued proficiency for this equipment during the monthly training.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize breaching tools only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
EOD Large Unmanned Robot -Multi-function remote control ground robot.
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Explosive Ordinance Disposal Robot Quantity (1)
Used by Bomb Squad personnel to assess and render-safe hazardous devices from a safe distance.
Robot has the ability to accept multiple safety tools and diagnostic equipment. Unit cost $225,000 (Approximate cost including refurbish upgrade).
a. Purpose:
To be used as visual observation and inspection platform during EOD responses to hazardous or explosive devices. Provides safe standoff distance for emergency response personnel and ability to use diagnostic or render-safe tools.
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b. Authorized Use:
Only assigned bomb squad personnel who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the robot with approval of the EOD Commander.
c. Expected Lifespan:
Robot has been in service for approximately 20 years and has undergone refurbishment.
Robot will need replacement within the next 2-3 years.
d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance costs are between $3,000 to $4,000 annually and increasing due to the age of robot. Replacement cost of $350,000.
e. Training Mandates:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a six-week Hazardous Device School (HDS), provided by the Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, prior to operating the EOD Large Unmanned Robot -Multi-function remote control ground robot. A Hazardous Device School Recertification is required every 3 years.
There is no cost to attend the recertification. All cost for the recertifications is covered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Additionally, the National Guidelines for Bomb Technicians includes a requirement for a minimum of 16 hours of training per month. EOD Technicians are required to demonstrate continued proficiency for this equipment during the monthly training.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize this tool only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law use of force laws.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Category 1)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
DJI MAVIC MINI, cost: $400 each, quantity: 20. Miniature UAS that weighs approximately 249 grams and is able to record video and audio with approximately 30 minutes of flight time.
DJI MAVIC ENTERPRISE DUALS, cost: $5,500 each, quantity: 16. UAS that has a color and inferred camera as well as audible speaker and light. Capable of video recording and weighs 899 grams, approx. 30 minutes of flight time.
DJI MAVIC ENTERPIRSE ADVANCED, cost $7500 each, quantity: 1. UAS that has a color and inferred camera as well as audible speaker and light. Capable of video recording and weighs 899 grams, approx. 30 minutes of flight time.
DJI MAVIC PRO, cost: $1500, quantity: 1. UAS that weighs approx. 1.5 pounds, 25 min flight time and a single-color camera with recording capabilities.
DJI MAVIC AIR, cost: $1200, quantity: 1. UAS that weighs approx. 1.5 pounds, 25 min flight time and a single-color camera with recording capabilities.
a. Purpose:
To be deployed when its view would assist officers or incident commanders with the following situations, which include but are not limited to:
i. Major collision investigations.
ii. Search for missing persons.
iii. Natural disaster management.
iv. Crime scene photography.
v. SWAT, tactical or other public safety and life preservation missions.
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vi. In response to specific requests from local, state or federal fire authorities for fire response and/or prevention.
b. Authorized Use:
Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be permitted to operate any UAS during approved missions.
c. Expected Life Span:
All UAS equipment, 3-5 years.
d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance and battery replacement cost is approximately $15,000. e. Training Mandates:
All Department UAS operators are trained in house under the FAA COA (Certificat e of Authority) that covers the use of sUAS for Law Enforcement purposes. Operators attend a 10-hour training class and then attend quarterly training. f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
Use is established under General Order 525.09, FAA Regulation 14 CFR Part 107, and the City of Fresno UAS Administrative Order 6 -29. It is the policy of the FPD to utilize UAS only for official law enforcement purposes, and in a manner that respects the privacy of our community, pursuant to State and Federal law.
Equipment Category 2. Mine- Resistant Ambush- Protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers.
1. Armored Personnel Carrier, vehicle with entry apparatus attached (Category 2 & 3) Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
2006 Lenco Bearcat Armored Rescue Vehicle, cost: $220,000, quantity: 1.
The ARV is designed to provide ballistic protection during tactical events (designed to withstand multiple bullet strikes from small arms fire as well as low level explosions). Equipped with emergency lights/siren and a public address system. Common uses for the ARV include citizen and officer rescues, evacuations, and the deployment of officers while offering additional protection for the safe delivery of personnel or other items as necessary for the success of a safe operation. The ARV is a regional mutual-aid asset that is shared between Fresno Police Department, Fresno County Sheriff’s Department, and Clovis Police Department. Armored Rescue Vehicles are common within communities and used to preserve life by offering additional ballistic protection. Regardless of military surplus or commercially produced, these vehicles are designed to enhance the safety to the members of the community during crisis situations.
a. Purpose:
Used in response to critical incidents to enhance officer and community safety, improve scene containment and stabilization, and assist in resolving critical incidents. b. Authorized Use:
The use of armored vehicles shall only be authorized by the SWAT Commander or their designee, based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident. Armored vehicles shall only be used by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training.
c. Expected Lifespan:
20 years- subject to inspection for functionality and reliability. d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $10,000. Shared between Fresno PD, Clovis PD, and Fresno County Sheriff Department.
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e. Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the Lenco Bearcat Armored Rescue Vehicle (ARV), officers must obtain a Non- Commercial Class C Driver’s License from the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
Additionally, members of the SWAT unit designated to drive the ARV train on this vehicle at least quarterly to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the ARV.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
MRAP Armored Personnel Carrier (Category 2)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
2010 Osh Kosh Mine Resistant All- Terrain Vehicle, cost: No cost, (1033 Program acquisition) quantity: 1.
Commonly referred to as a MATV/MRAP approved and adopted under city resolution 2018- 65.
Large, armored rescue vehicle that provides ballistic protection during tactical events. Common uses are for citizen and officer rescues, evacuations, and the deployment of officers in a critical incident.
a. Purpose:
To be used in response to critical incidents to enhance officer and community safety, improve scene containment and stabilization, and assist in resolving critical incidents. b. Authorized Use:
The use of armored vehicles shall only be authorized by the SWAT Commander or their designee, based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident. Armor ed vehicles shall be used only by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training.
c. Expected Lifespan:
20 years- subject to inspection for functionality and reliability. d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $5,000.
e. Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the MRAP, officers must obtain a Non- Commercial Class C Driver’s License from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Additionally, members of the SWAT unit designated to drive the MRAP train on this vehicle at least quarterly to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the MRAP. f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Equipment Category 3. High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly referred to as Humvees, two-and-one-half-ton trucks, five-ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached. However, unarmored all -terrain vehicles (ATVs) and motorized dirt bikes are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
The Fresno Police Department does not have, nor have any immediate plans to obtain, any category 3 vehicles.
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Equipment Category 4. Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants.
The Fresno Police Department does not have, nor have any immediate plans to obtain, any category 4 vehicles.
Equipment Category 5. Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of public safety units.
1. FPD Mobile Command Center/Crisis Negotiation Team vehicle (Category 5) Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
1993 Int. Model 3800, cost: $13,291, quantity: 1.
The vehicle is a two-axel bus-style vehicle with a front door and a rear door. It is painted black with police graphics affixed to the front, sides, and the rear of the vehicle. The vehicle has been partitioned into (2) separate workspace areas. The equipment housed in the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a negotiations control console and accessories, communications throw phone and cables, miscellaneous office supplies, tabletops, chairs, storage space, coffee maker, and refrigerator. The vehicle is capable of being used as a mobile operation and dispatch center. The vehicle is also capable of transporting personnel and equipment.
The Mobile Communications Vehicle was placed into service in 2006 after its acquisition from the City of Fresno Library (formerly the bookmobile).
The Mobile Command Vehicle is used as an auxiliary command vehicle during major incidents. The vehicle is separated into two areas by a walled partition and door. One area is used as a negotiation / communication center by the Crisis Negotiations Team. The second area can be used as a mobile command center aiding in the command, control, and deployment of personnel at a critical incident.
a. Purpose:
To be utilized for critical incident callouts.
b. Authorized Use:
The CNT vehicle is used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver license. c. Expected Lifespan:
25 years (Expired)
d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $5,589
e. Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the Mobile Command Center, officers must obtain a Non- Commercial, Class A endorsement and license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
Additionally, members of the MCC/CNT Unit train on this vehicle quarterly to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the MCC. f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized firearms only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Fresno Police Department
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2. SRT Van (Category 5)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
2001 Freightliner MT45 – custom upfit by Mattman, cost: $162,181, quantity: 1.
The SRT van is a command vehicle and an equipment storage and transportation vehicle.
Computerized screen used for tracking operations on the exterior. Desk with radios for dispatch on the interior. Several storage areas for the different equipment used by SRT. Manual breaching tools / Energetic breaching materials, Water, Generator, Ammunition, Robot / UAV, 40mm launchers and projectiles.
a. Purpose:
To be used based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident, large event, natural disaster or community event that is taking place. b. Authorized Use:
The SRT Van shall be used by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver license.
c. Expected Lifespan:
20 years (expires in March 2022)
d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $2,500
e. Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the SRT Van, officers must obtain a Class C license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Additionally, members of the SWAT Unit train on this vehicle quarterly to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the SWAT Van.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
3. SWAT Command Vehicle (Category 5)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
2019 Ford F650 Super Duty-Braun Northwest. Cost $220,000. Quantity 1.
Large crew cab truck with cargo box, used by S.W.A.T. on high-risk incidents. The vehicle is used to support S.W.A.T. operations, transport equipment and used as a tactical command station during critical incidents. The “bus” is equipped with computer monitors, police computer network data, and communication equipment. The item is referred to as the “SWAT Bus.”
a. Purpose:
Utilized for critical incident callouts as a point for tactical command and control for SWAT, secure transport of specialized equipment, community engagement events, or as directed by the Chief of Police or SWAT Commander.
b. Authorized Use:
Vehicle is used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle with the approval of the SWAT Commander. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver’s license. c. Expected Lifespan:
20 years
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d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $5,000.
e. Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the SWAT Command Vehicle, officers must have a Class C license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Additionally, members of the SWAT Unit train on this vehicle quarterly to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the SWAT Command Vehicle. f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Equipment Category 6. Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind.
The Fresno Police Department does not have, nor have any immediate plans to obtain, any category 6 vehicles.
Equipment Category 7. Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature.
1. Breeching Slugs (Category 7)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Royal Arms, cost: $1,080, quantity: 216.
Shotgun breaching rounds are specialty shotgun shells utilized for door breaching and are comprised of special compressed frangible material. The Royal Arms breaching rounds are locking mechanism, allowing entry into the room or structure. The projectile is designed to dissipate after striking the locking mechanism to minimize penetration into the interior for the safety of occupants and operators.
Shotgun breaching rounds are used to gain rapid access to a room or structure when an emergency need exists or when conventional breaching means are not safe, feasible, practical, or the situation dictates otherwise.
a. Purpose:
To safely and rapidly defeat a locking mechanism.
b. Authorized Use:
Breaching may only occur after authorization by the SWAT Commander or designee and during a training environment by SWAT personnel.
c. Expected Lifespan:
Until expended.
d. Fiscal Impact:
Est. between $250 and $500 annually.
e. Training Mandates:
All SWAT Team members designated to use breaching slugs attend 40-hours of explosive breaching instruction and must demonstrate proficiency and safe utilization of the tool prior to deployment in the fields. SWAT team members designated to use breaching slugs must additionally receive quarterly training for explosive operations. f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize breaching tools only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
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2. Breaching Apparatus (Category 7)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Detonating Chord. Cost: $1 per foot, Quantity: 140.6 pounds
The detonating cord is a thin, flexible plastic tube usually filled with explosive powder. Any common length of detonation cord is designed to explode instantaneously. It is a highspeed fuse which explodes, rather than burns, and is suitable for detonating high explosives. Detonating chord can be used for disposal of hazardous items as well as for breaching.
Blasting Cap. Cost: $12 each, Quantity: 93
A blasting cap is a small sensitive primary explosive device generally used to detonate a larger, more powerful, and less sensitive, secondary explosive such as TNT, dynamite, or plastic explosive.
Blasting caps come in a variety of types, including non-electric caps, electric caps, and fuse caps.
Sheet Explosive, Cost $296.00 per pound, Quantity: 40 pounds
Sheet explosive is a thin flexible high explosive used to dispose of hazardous devices and can also be used as a part of an explosive breaching tool. Sheet explosive comes in various thicknesses.
a. Purpose:
To safely gain entry into a structure or to safely dispose/ disrupt of hazardous devices. b. Authorized Use:
Explosive breaching may only occur after authorization by the SWAT or EOD Commander in the field, and during training exercises.
c. Expected Lifespan:
Blasting Caps - 10 years
Detonating Cord - 10 years
Sheet Explosive – 5 years
d. Fiscal Impact:
Annual replacement cost of approximately $ 3,000.
e. EOD Training Requirements:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a six-week Hazardous Device School (HDS), provided by the Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, prior to utilizing EOD Breaching Tools. A Hazardous Device School Recertification is required every 3 years. There is no cost to attend the recertification. All cost for the recertifications is covered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Additionally, the National Guidelines for Bomb Technicians includes a requirement for a minimum of 16 hours of training per month. EOD Technicians are required to demonstrate continued proficiency for this equipment during the monthly training.
SWAT Training:
All SWAT Team members designated to use explosive breaching tools attend 40-hours of explosive breaching instruction and must demonstrate proficiency and safe utilization of the tool prior to deployment in the fields. SWAT team members designated to use explosive breaching tools must additionally receive quarterly training for explosive operations.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize breaching tools only for official law enforcement Fresno Police Department
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purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
Equipment Category 8. Firearms and ammunition of .50 caliber or greater, excluding standard- issue shotguns and standard-issue shotgun ammunition.
The Fresno Police Department does not have, nor have any immediate plans to obtain, any category 8 firearms or ammunition.
Equipment Category 9. Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including firearms and accessories identified as assault weapons in Penal Code § 30510 and Penal Code §30515, with the exception of standard-issue handguns.
1. Patrol Rifle/SWAT Rifles & Ammunition
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Rifle: Colt AR-15/M4/Commando, cost: $1,165, quantity: 526
The Patrol Rifle is a firearm that allows the officer to engage a lethal criminal threat from a safe distance. The patrol rifle is a lightweight, air -cooled, gas operated, magazine fed, shoulder fired, semi-automatic rifle. (S.W.A.T.) personnel have access to select fire rifles for use in specified situations that normally deal with high -risk. The projectile is capable of penetrating soft body armor worn by armed subjects.
Patrol Rifle Ammunition. Speer .223 Speer LE, 55 grain, GDSP cartridge is the primary duty ammunition. Cost: $54,780, quantity: 204 cases
Patrol Rifle Ammunition. Winchester .223 Remington, 55 grain cartridge is the primary training ammunition for the Department. Cost: $116,280, quantity: 360 cases
SWAT Weapons. The Fresno Police Department Special Weapons and Tactics (S.W.A.T.) team was formed in 1975, in response to very dangerous or violent tactical encounters. The Sniper element is a component of the S.W.A.T. team that uses precision rifles equipped with enhanced magnified optics which are critical in gathering intel, and if needed, can safely engage a lethal threat to preserve life. The Sniper Rifle does not have an expiration but will need to be serviced or replaced when failure occurs.
Sniper Rifle: Accuracy International Rifle cost: $43,069, quantity: 5
Heckler and Koch HK91 Rifle cost: $10,000, quantity: 1
Sniper Rifle Ammunition. Federal GM .308 WIN., Cost: $3,740, quantity: 4,360 This is a 168 grain, cartridge deployed during potential lethal encounters, in high-risk, low- frequency environments. The 168 grain, Federal GM projectile maintains accuracy while resulting in higher impact velocities, less drop, less wind drift, and more energy on target.
Sniper Rifle Ammunition. Federal T308T .308 WIN. Cost: $6,563, quantity: 7,500.
a. Purpose:
Used to gather critical intel during a SWAT operation and, if needed, can be used to safely engage a lethal threat to preserve life. Precision weapons can be used to Fresno Police Department
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address a criminal and lethal threat with better precision at greater distances than a patrol rifle or handgun, if present and feasible.
b. Authorized Use:
Only members that received P.O.S.T. certified training in the patrol rifle are authorized to carry and use the patrol rifle. Only members of SWAT who have attended a P.O.S.T. certified basic sniper course are authorized to use a .308 cal. precision rifle. c. Expected Lifespan:
Patrol Rifle – No expiration/repair or replace as necessary The Speer .223 Remington, 55 grain – No expiration
Winchester .223 Remington, 55 grain – No expiration Sniper Rifles – No expiration/repair or replace as necessary
Federal GM .308 WIN., 168 grain – No expiration
Federal T308T .308 WIN., 168 grain – No expiration
d. Fiscal Impact:
Patrol Rifle – Annual cost between $4,999 - $79,999
Speer .223 Remington, 55 grain – Annual cost: between $12,450 - $24,900 Winchester .223 Remington, 55 grain, practice ammunition. Annual cost: between $35,000 – $82,675
Sniper Rifle – Annual cost between $900 – $16,222
Federal GM .308 WIN., 168 grain – Annual cost between $3,800 - $6,000- must use same ammunition for training and field use.
Federal T308T .308 WIN., 168 grain – Annual cost between $3,800 - $6,000- must use same ammunition for training and field use.
e. Training-Patrol Rifle Mandates:
Prior to authorization to use these weapons, each officer must successfully complete a 16-hour
P.O.S.T. certified course, per state law. Officers must attend trimester training covering legal mandates, policy, and constitutional issues limiting the use of deadly force. Officers must also demonstrate the proficient use of this weapon as well as effective maintenance and safe storage consistent with California Law and FPD Policy. Officers must requalify with this weapon annually. Pass/fail. (P.O.S.T. certification). Use of this weapon, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
Training-SWAT Weaponry Mandates:
Sniper Precision Rifle .308 - each designated operator must first attend an in-house, 24- hour training regarding basic SWAT operations taught by POST certified instructors, a POST certified Basic SWAT training consisting of 80-hours, and a 40-hour Basic Sniper course certified by P.O.S.T. Each designated operator must attend mo nthly SWAT trainings, qualifications, and must demonstrate proficiency. Pass/Fail (P.O.S.T.
Certification). Officers must also demonstrate the effective maintenance and safe storage consistent with California Law and FPD Policy. Use of SWAT weapons, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize firearms only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
Equipment Category 10. Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles.
The Fresno Police Department does not have any category 10 launchable explosive projectiles.
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Equipment Category 11. Noise-flash diversionary devices and explosive breaching tools.
1. Flashbangs (Category 11)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
LSDD Def Tec “Low Roll” emits a loud “bang” and a flash of light, cost: $1,767, quantity: 57 LSDD Def Tec rel oadable fuses which are used to reload in reusable Low Roll LSDD body. cost: $961, quantity: 31
A Flashbang, commonly referred to as a Light Sound Diversionary Device (LSDD) is a small handheld device that can be deployed by a single person in a specified area and creates a bright flash and loud sound. The LSDD has a low flash point and is designed to stay intact and not produce fragmentation or shrapnel. The LSDD body stays intact and is designed for re -use upon inspection. LSDD will produce atmospheric over-pressure and brilliant white light and, as a result, can cause short-term (6 - 8 seconds) physiological/psychological sensory deprivation to give officers a tactical advantage in dangerous situations.
a. Purpose:
To produce atmospheric over-pressure and brilliant white light and, as a result, can cause short- term (6 - 8 seconds) physiological/psychological sensory deprivation to give officers a tactical advantage in dangerous situations. LSDD are used to distract and temporarily disorient dangerous suspects by temporarily overwhelming their senses of vision and hearing. LSDD’s are used to dislodge, distract, disorient, detect, deny, or disperse a subject(s) in a high-risk environment.
b. Authorized Use:
Diversionary Devices shall only be used:
i. When authorized by the Chief of Police or SWAT Commander. ii. Discretionary authority can be given by the SWAT commander to SWAT Team Leaders during emergency operations.
iii. By SWAT officers who have been trained in their proper use. iv. During high-risk operations where the use is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances.
v. Use must be evaluated, and the benefits outweigh the risk associated with the use. vi. Officers using LSDD during a SWAT deployment shall have received instruction and training by a certified instructor or attended a POST certified course on the use and deployment.
vii. During training exercises.
c. Expected Lifespan:
LSDD Def Tec “Low Roll” reloadable body – 5 years or 25 uses LSDD Def Tec fuse- one time use; 5-year shelf life
d. Fiscal Impact:
LSDD Def Tec “Low Roll” and fuses – Annual cost est. $2,900- $5,745.97 e. Training Mandates:
Flashbang-LSDD: Each designated SWAT operator must first attend an in-house, 24-hour training from a POST certified trainer regarding basic SWAT operations to include LSDD devices, as well as a POST certified Basic SWAT training course consisting of 80 hours.
SWAT members are required to attend monthly SWAT trainings. SWAT members will attend a minimum of 10 hours annually in the deployment of LSDD, case law, tactical considerations, and appropriate use. Each member must demonstrate safety and proficiency. Pass/Fail.
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f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Equipment Category 12. Munitions containing tear gas or OC, excluding standard, service- issued handheld pepper spray.
1. Munitions Containing Tear Gas/OC (Category 12)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Def Tec Tri-Chamber– Pyrotechnic grenade designed for indoor use delivering a maximum amount of irritant smoke throughout multiple rooms with minimal risk of fire. Cost: $1,380, quantity: 27
Def Tec 40mm – Liquid CS filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents into an adjacent room. Cost: $735, quantity: 113
Def Tec 12 gauge– Liquid CS filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents into an adjacent room. Cost: $2,128, quantity: 266
Def Tec 40mm -Powder OC filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents. Normally used, but not exclusively, when CS does not influence a suspect’s senses. Cost:
$557, Quantity: 25
Def Tec 40mm- Liquid OC filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents.
Normally used, but not exclusively, when CS does not influence a suspect’s sensory perception. Cost:
$557, Quantity: 25
Chemical agent munitions, which are commonly referred to as “tear gas,” are used by the Fresno Police Department as a non-lethal dispersal agent that can be propelled from a designated launcher or hand deployed. Chemical agents are designed to have psychological and physiological effects and used to gain compliance by overloading a person’s senses. The Fresno Police Department uses chemical agents which are used by law enforcement across the United States: CS (2 - Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) and OC (Oleoresin Capsicum). CS is an irritating agent and lachrymator (irritates the eyes and causes tears to flow). CS has been medically tested in the UK and US, specifically by the U.S. Army. There are no known allergic reactions to CS. OC was de-regulated in California in 1996, is endorsed by the FBI, and is available to civilians to legally possess (2.5oz or less). OC is an inflammatory agent which causes involuntary closure of eyes (open in 2-5 minutes) and respiratory inflammation (subsides in approximately 2 minutes).
a. Purpose:
The application in tactical situations primarily is to detect, dislodge, distract, disorient, or deny access. Chemical agent can also be used to disperse unlawful rioters. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain co mpliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent and dangerous subjects; to limit the escalation of conflict through pain compliance. Situations for use of the less lethal option may include, but are not limited to:
i. Dangerous and/or combative individuals. The application in tactical situations is primarily to detect and/or dislodge barricaded suspects. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain compliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent dangerous subjects. ii. Barricaded suspects.
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iii. Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and the use is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances. iv. Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
v. Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
b. Authorized Use:
Only officers who have received P.O.S.T. certification in the use of chemical agents for civil unrest/riot control are authorized to use chemical agents during crowd control/riot applications. Officers assigned to SWAT using chemical agents during a SWAT deployment shall have received instruction and training by a certified instructor or have attended a P.O.S.T. certified course on the use and deployment. c. Expected Lifespan:
Def Tec Tri-Chamber – 5 years
Def Tec 40mm Liquid CS – 5 years
Def Tec 12 ga. Liquid CS– 5 years
Def Tec 40mm Powder OC – 5 years
Def Tec 40mm Liquid OC– 5 years
d. Fiscal Impact:
Def Tec Tri-Chamber – est. $1,200 to $2,412 annually
Def Tec 40mm Liquid CS – est. $1,200 to $4,500 annually Def Tec 12-gauge Liquid CS – est. $200 to $500 annually Def Tec 40mm Powder OC- est. $900-$2,500 annually
Def Tec 40mm Liquid OC- est. $900-$2,500 annually
e. Training Mandates:
Each department member shall have successfully completed a 4-hour training prior to field deployment. (Pending P.O.S.T. certification). Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4- hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Use of this weapon system, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Pepper Ball Launcher (Category 12)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Pepper Ball Launcher System: Cost: $33,068, quantity: 28
System that uses high pressure air to deliver PAVA powder projectiles (similar to a paint ball delivery system). System capable of launching projectiles at a subject up to 60’. System capable of area saturation up to 150’. Non-lethal option offers law enforcement officers the means to deliver chemical agents and kinetic energy impacts to subjects in a potentially violent encounter . De- Escalation tool used to avoid potentially violent conflicts while minimizing risk of injury to all.
Pepper Ball VXR LIVE-X PROJECTILE: Cost: $8,984 quantity: 3000
The VXR Live-X shaped projectile is a non-lethal round. This projectile is best for direct impact or area saturation. Discharged from a Pepper Ball Launcher, the projectile has a velocity of 280- 425 FPS. The projectile has a direct impact of 150ft and an area of saturation of 390+ft. The projectile Fresno Police Department
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contains 2.5% PAVA powder.
a. Purpose:
To limit the escalation of conflict as a less-lethal option. b. Authorized Use:
Only those officers who have been trained in the use of Pepper Ball launchers are authorized to use the Pepper Ball launchers for field use. Officers must attend a P.O.S.T. approved course prior to use in crowd control deployment. Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
i. Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
ii. Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
iii. Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
iv. Potentially vicious animals.
v. Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
c. Expected Lifespan:
Pepper Ball Launcher: No expiration- repair or replace as necessary Live-X Projectile: 1 year
d. Fiscal Impact:
Pepper Ball Launcher: est. cost $500 and $7,500 annually Live-X Projectile: estimated between $3,500 and $9,000 annually. e. Training Mandates:
Each department member shall have attended a 4-hour training prior to field deployment. (Pending P.O.S.T. certification). Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4- hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Use of this weapon system, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
LMT 40mm tactical single launcher (Category 12)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Quantity (4), unit cost $985.70. Single shot launcher with an adjustable integrated front grip with light rail. The ambidextrous lateral sling mount allow s both a single- and two- point sling attachment. Will fire standard 40mm less lethal ammunition, up to 4.8 inches in cartridge length.
The launcher has an integrated Picatinny Rail that can accept enhanced optics/sighting systems.
a. Purpose
To be used to fire direct impact less lethal munitions, gas irritants, and/or signaling/warning munitions.
b. Authorized Use:
Only assigned MFF operators who have completed a P.O.S.T. certified training course. c. Expected Lifespan:
Indefinite if properly maintained.
d. Fiscal Impact:
Minimal annual maintenance cost (cleaning, inspection, etc.) Fresno Police Department
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e. Training Mandates:
Each department member shall have attended a 4-hour training prior to field deployment. (Pending P.O.S.T. certification). Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4- hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Use of this weapon system, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Tipmann Pepperball SX Launcher (Category 12)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Quantity (2), unit cost $1,069.59. Semi -automatic Pepperball/paintball launcher with to mount hopper. Will fire .68 caliber Pepperball powder, glass shattering, marking or water/clear training round at 300-350 feet per second.
a. Purpose:
To be used to fire direct impact less lethal powder irritant munitions, glass s hattering munitions, and/or marking munitions.
b. Authorized Use
Only assigned MFF operators who have completed a P.O.S.T. certified training course. c. Expected Lifespan:
Indefinite if properly maintained.
d. Fiscal Impact:
Minimal annual maintenance cost (cleaning, inspection, etc.) e. Training Mandates:
Each department member shall have attended a 4-hour training prior to field deployment. (Pending P.O.S.T. certification). Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4- hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Utilization of this weapon system, outside of training, is a reportable use of force which is audited through the Office of Independent Review. f. Legal and Procedural Rules
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regar ding the use of force.
Def Tech MK-9S OC Vapor Canister (Category 12)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Quantity (45), unit cost $56.80. Non-flammable hand-held OC vapor canister.
a. Purpose
Crowd management tool designed to deliver a short burst of OC at an effective range of 10-15 feet. This .7% MC OC aerosol product utilizes a vapor delivery method providing a high concentration of OC in a powerful mist, inflaming the mucous membranes and exposed skin. Onset is immediate and very intense, resulting in an intense burning Fresno Police Department
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sensation that evaporates quickly when exposed to fresh air. b. Authorized Use:
Only assigned MFF operators who have completed a P.O.S.T. certified training course. c. Expected Lifespan:
10 years. Current inventory expires at the end of 2027
d. Fiscal Impact:
None
e. Training Mandates:
Prior to the use of the OC Vapor Canister, all officers must be certified by POST instructors in the use, legal limitations, maintenance and operation of such systems. Utilization of this weapon system, outside of training, may be considered a reportable use of force which is audited through the Office of Independent Review.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Equipment Category 13. TASER® Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and long- range acoustic devices.
The Fresno Police Department does not have, nor have any immediate plans to obtain, any category 13 equipment.
Equipment Category 14. Kinetic energy weapons and munitions.
40mm Projectile Launch Platforms and munitions (Category 14) Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Def Tec 40mm single-shot Launcher: Cost: $26,875, quantity: 25.
Milkor MGL-LTL Multi-launcher: Cost: $ 9,800 Quantity: 2 Sponge Baton munition. Cost: $8,192, quantity: 381
Rubber Ball Rounds. Quantity (13), unit cost $25.60.
40mm round containing approximately 18, 60 caliber rubber balls.
The Def Tec launcher is a system that delivers a 40MM projectile from a distance of 5 -70 yards depending on the selection of munitions. The launcher can be used to deploy less-lethal or chemical munitions. S.W.A.T. personnel have (4) single- single launchers dedicated to chemical munition deployment while the remaining 21 are dedicated Less-Lethal munition launchers.
The Less-Lethal launcher is a single-shot launcher, which allows the officer to assess after every spent munition. SWAT personnel have access to a Milkor MGL -LTL multi -launcher. The Milkor multi- launcher uses the same munitions but is capable of firing 6 rounds before reloading. The Milkor multi- launcher is a dedicated Less-Lethal launcher. Less-Lethal launchers do not have an expiration but will need to be serviced or replaced when the launcher fails or breaks. The 40MM munitions are Exact Impact, Extended Range, or Direct Impact with OC. The Sponge Baton munition is used as a Less - Lethal weapon designed to de-escalate a potentially violent encounter.
a. Purpose:
To limit the escalation of conflict as a less-lethal option. b. Authorized Use:
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Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
i. Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
ii. Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
iii. Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
iv. Potentially vicious animals.
v. Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
c. Expected Lifespan:
40mm Launcher: No expiration 40mm Sponge Round: 5 years d. Fiscal Impact:
40mm Launcher: est. $500- $10,750 annually
40mm Sponge Round: estimated between $3,000- $12,000 annually Rubber Ball Rounds. 5 years.
e. Training Mandates:
Each designated SWAT operator must first attend an in- house, 24-hour training from a POST certified trainer regarding basic SWAT operations to i nclude launch platform devices, as well as a POST certified Basic SWAT training course consisting of 80 hours.
SWAT members are required to attend monthly SWAT trainings. SWAT members will attend a minimum of 10 hours annually in the deployment of launchers, case law, tactical considerations, and appropriate use. Each member must demonstrate safety and proficiency. Pass/Fail.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun dedicated Less-Lethal bean bag munition (Category 14).
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Cost: $170,640 Quantity: 316
CTS “Super Sock” bean bag round: Cost: $16,957, Quantity: 3,230.
The beanbag shotgun is a Remington 870 12 -gauge shotgun with a yellow color fore- end and yellow stock, indicating a dedicated “Less -Lethal” shotgun. The projectile is comprised of lead shot pellets encased in a cloth “sock .” When fired, the projectile is designed to flatten out upon impact, while staying intact and delivering a forceful blow to the subject.
a. Purpose:
To limit the escalation of conflict as a less-lethal option. b. Authorized Use:
Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
i. Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
ii. Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
iii. Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
iv. Potentially vicious animals.
v. Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
c. Expected Lifespan:
Remington 870: No expiration (estimated 15 years) Repair and replace as necessary CTS Bean Bag “Super Sock.”
d. Fiscal Impact:
Remington 870: est. $3,500- $15,000 annually CTS “Super Sock” est. $8,000- $14,000 Fresno Police Department
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annually
e. Training Mandate for 40mm Projectile Munitions:
Prior to deployment of this weapons system, each department member shall have attended and successfully completed a 4-hour training from a POST certified instructor on this weapon system. (Pending POST certification on this course). Officers shall demonstrate proficiency annually. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4-hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Utilization of this weapon system, outside of training, is a reportable use of force which is audited through the Office of Independent Review.
Training Mandate for Beanbag Supersock:
Prior to deployment of this weapons system, each department member shall have attended and successfully completed a 2-hour training prior to field deployment. Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4-hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Annual training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Utilization of this weapon system, outside of training, is a reportable use of force which is audited through the Office of Independent Review.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Equipment Category 15. Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight.
1. Equipment Uncategorized: Mine Detector - Hand Held Metal Detector 1033 Program (Category 15)
Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Explosive Ordinance Disposal Mine (metal) detector, Quantity (2), A unit used to locate metallic and low-metallic buried objects. Unit cost $0.00 (Obtained free from 1033 program).
a. Purpose:
To be used during EOD responses to hazardous devices and to locate evidence during investigations of explosions.
b. Authorized Use:
Only assigned bomb squad personnel or post blast investigators who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the metal detector with approval of the EOD Commander. c. Expected Lifespan:
Indefinite if properly maintained.
d. Fiscal Impact:
Minimal annual maintenance cost (cleaning, inspection, etc.). e. Training Mandate:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a six-week Hazardous Device School (HDS), provided by the Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, prior to operating the EOD Hand-Held Metal Detector. A Hazardous Device School Recertification is required every 3 years. There is no cost to attend the recertification. All cost for the recertifications is covered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Additionally, the National Guidelines for Bomb Technicians includes a requirement for a minimum of 16 hours of training per month. EOD Technicians are Fresno Police Department
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required to demonstrate continued proficiency for this equipment during the monthly training.
f. Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize this tool only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law use of force laws.
Summary of Military Equipment Usage:
The Fresno Police Department serves over 500,000 people in one of the most culturally diverse communities in the state of California. T he Fresno Police Department handles approximately 400,000 calls for service annually and receives over 1,000 911 calls every single day. Y ear over year, officers have consistently used reportable force during less than one-half of 1% of calls for service.
The period considered for this report was between January 1st , 2022, and December 31st , 202 2.
Citywide, vehicles designated as military grade were deployed to protect the Fresno community during only 20 calls for service. SWAT responded to 10 calls for service, EOD resp onded to 24 call outs and provided assistance on 44 incidents. Crisis Negotiations Team used their command vehicle 6 times.
Military consumables (ammunition, diversionary devices, pepper balls, chemical agents, etc.) were deployed to preserve the safety of the public during 15 incidents. An audit of all department complaints was conducted and no public complaints regarding the use of military grade equipment were received.
Complaints regarding military equipment are addressed in policies 706 and 1020.
The Fresno Police Department’s military equipment serves a variety of roles, but the deployment of such equipment must be consistent with our policy, the law and industry standards. The option to deploy military equipment when appropriate supports our mission to protect life and minimize use of force, while seeking a peaceful resolution whenever possible.
Certain items of military equipment, particularly consumables, are used throughout the year on a regular basis for training proficiency. Equipment not used, or items requiring training usage only, are not captured in this section. This section only provides data for the operational use of military equipment listed within this report.
Outreach and Community Engagement:
The Fresno Police Department is committed to building trust with the community it serves. As a part of this mission, equipment including armored vehicles, the Mobile Incident Command vehicle, and Crisis Negotiation Team Vehicles are deployed to community events, as a means of public awareness and education. There were a total of 8 different community events where military equipment and department personnel were present to conduct outreach, education and make connections with Fresno residents.
Robots:
Robots were utilized a total of twenty six (26) times from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Robotex Avatar III Tactical Robot, was used twenty four (24) times.
Recon Robotics Throwbot 2 (newer version), was used two (2) times.
a. Authorized usages:
Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be permitted to operate the robot. Where the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Fresno Police Department
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Training (POST) has certified a course for the use of this Military Equipment, certified training will be obtained.
On S.W.A.T. callouts, use is established by the S.W.A.T. Commander. Use by street tactical teams is established by the supervisor.
b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS):
Unmanned Aircraft Systems were utilized a total of one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three (1,923) times from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
a. Authorized usages:
Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be permitted to operate any UAS during approved missions.
b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Armored Vehicles:
2006 Lenco Bearcat Armored Rescue Vehicle w as utilized a total of nine (9 ) times from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
a. Authorized usages:
The use of armored vehicles shall only be authorized by the SWAT Commander or his designee, based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident.
Armored vehicles shall only be used by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training. b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
2019 Ford F650 Super Duty -Braun Northwest was utilized a total of nine (9) times from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
a. Authorized usages:
Vehicle is used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle with the approval of the S.W.A.T. Commander. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver’s license. b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Mobile Incident Command Vehicle and Crisis Negotiation Team Vehicle FPD Mobile Command Center/Crisis Negotiation Team vehicle was utilized six (6 ) times from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
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a. Authorized usages:
To be utilized for critical incident callouts.
b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Explosive Breaching Tools
Explosive Breaching Tools were not used from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
a. Authorized usages:
To safely gain entry into a structure or to safely dispose/ disrupt of hazardous devices. b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Noise-flash diversionary devices and explosive breaching tools LSDD Def Tec “Low Roll” were utilized on three (3) calls from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
a. Authorized usages:
Diversionary Devices shall only be used:
• When authorized by the Chief of Police or SWAT Commander. • Discretionary authority can be given by the SWAT commander to SWAT Team Leaders during emergency operations.
• By SWAT officers who have been trained in their proper use. • During high-risk operations where the use is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances.
• Use must be evaluated, and the benefits outweigh the risk associated with the use. • Officers using LSDD during a SWAT deployment shall have received instruction and training by a certified instructor or attended a POST certified course on the use and deployment.
b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Munitions Containing Tear Gas/OC, Smoke and Launcher
The 40mm Launcher was utilized solely for liquid CS deployment during two (2) calls for service between January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Def Tec Tri-Chamber – utilized during one (1) call for service Def Tec 40mm – Liquid CS – utilized during one (1) call for service
a. Authorized usages:
The application in tactical situations primarily is to detect, dislodge, distract, disorient, or deny access. Chemical agent can also be used to disperse unlawful rioters. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain compliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent and dangerous subjects; to limit the Fresno Police Department
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escalation of conflict through pain compliance. Situations for use of the less lethal option may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or comb ative individuals. The application in tactical situations is primarily to detect and/or dislodge barricaded suspects. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain compliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent dangerous subjects. • Barricaded wanted suspects.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and the use is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances. • Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun dedicated Less-Lethal bean bag munition Less Lethal Shotguns were utilized during seven (7) calls for service between January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
12-Gauge Super-Sock Beanbag round – utilized during seven (7) calls for service
Authorized usages:
Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
• Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
• Potentially vicious animals.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Pepper Ball Launchers and Projectiles:
Pepper Ball Launchers were utilized during f our (4) calls for service between January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
a. Authorized usage:
Only those officers who have been trained in the use of Pepper Ball launchers are authorized to use the Pepper Ball launchers for field use. Officers must attend a P.O.S.T. approved course prior to use in crowd control deployment. Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
• Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
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• Potentially vicious animals.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
b. Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Fiscal Impact:
The Department’s adopted budget for FY23 was approximately $220,851,300, 81% of which was allocated for personnel expenses . The Fresno Police Department maintains a workforce of over 829 full-time sworn peace officer positions and 349 professional staff positions. D uring 2023, the Department is expected to grow to over 900 sworn positions.
Some listed items were purchased through government grants that contain language specifying how the funds may be spent. The budgeted funds allocated for military equipment expenditures represents a small fraction of the Department’s operating costs but provides an optimal level of safety during a variety of critical incidents.
Projected Acquisitions:
The Department has the following projected acquisitions of non-consumable military equipment for Fiscal Year 2024. The remainder of non -consumable military equipment will consist of ongoing maintenance costs. Funding for non -consumable military equipment is anticipated to be sourced from the existing police budget or designated grant funding.
The Department will request or has received governing board approval for the following projected acquisitions of non-consumable military equipment for Fiscal Year 2023:
• New armored vehicle to replace the aging SWAT Bearcat, estimated cost of $435,000. • 5 sniper rifles for the SWAT team, estimated cost of $29,000. • ICOR tactical robot for the SWAT team, estimated cost of $80,000. • EOD remote spartan robot, estimated cost of $334,287. • EOD tactical explosive breaching frames, estimated cost of $11,700. • 2 Tactical EOD ordinance disrupting water cannons, estimated cost of $16,000. • F ord Crisis Negotiations Command vehicle, approximate cost $410,465. • 2 tactical robots for MAGEC teams, estimated cost $11,100.
The majority of these items are intended to replace outgoing or obsolete equipment within the existing inventory. Most projected acquisitions have been requested, but have not been budgeted and their purchase is based on the governing board’s approval. Next year’s military equipment report will cover the entire calendar year 2023.
Updated 05/03/23