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Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
2023
FRESNO POLICE DEPARTMENT
ANNUAL MILITARY EQUIPMENT USE
REPORT
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
Table of Contents
MILITARY EQUIPMENT USAGE ………………………………………....……….…………………. Page 1 Synopsis of itemized equipment use, including geographical and social apportionment for the City of Fresno.
PROJECTED ACQUISITIONS ……………………………………………..…………………….… Page 1 FISCAL IMPACT…………………………………………………………….……..…………………… Page 2 EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 1………………………………………………………………………….... Page 2 Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered arial or ground vehicles.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 2…………………………………………………………………………… Page 5 Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 3………………………………………………………………………….... Page 7 High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly referred to as Humvees, two- and-one-half-ton trucks, five-ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 4…………………………………………………………………………… Page 7 Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 5…………………………………………………………………………… Page 7 Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of public safety units.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 6 ………………………………………………………………………….. Page 10 Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 7 ………………………………………………………………………….. Page 10 Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 8 …………………………………………………………………..…....... Page 12 Firearms and ammunition of .50 caliber or greater, excluding standard-issue shotguns and standard-issue shotgun ammunition.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 9 ………………………………………………………………………….. Page 12 Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including firearms and accessories identified as assault weapons in Penal Code § 30510 and Penal Code §30515, with the exception of standard-issue handguns.
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
Table of Contents
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 10 ……………………………………………………………………..... Page 14 Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 11 ………………………………………………………………………. Page 14 Noise-flash diversionary devices and explosive breaching tools.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 12 ………………………………………………………………..……... Page 15 Munitions containing tear gas or OC, excluding standard, service- issued handheld pepper spray.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 13 ……………………………………………………….…………….... Page 19 TASER® Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and long- range acoustic devices.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 14 ……………………………………………………….……..……….. Page 19 Kinetic energy weapons and munitions.
EQUIPMENT CATEGORY 15 …………………………………………………………..……….….. Page 21 Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require. additional oversight.
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Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
Summary of Military Equipment Usage:
The Fresno Police Department serves over 500,000 people in one of the most culturally diverse communities in the state of California. Our communications center received 373,902 emergency 911 calls and 865,928 non -emergency calls in 2023. Of those calls, members of t he Fresno Police Department physically or telephonically responded to approximately 450,890 calls for service. Year over year, officers have consistently used reportable force during less than one-half of 1% of calls for service.
The period considered for this report was between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023. Citywide, vehicles designated as military grade were deployed to protect the Fresno community during multiple calls for service. SWAT responded to 9 calls for service, EOD responded to 44 calls for service and the Crisis Negotiations Team responded to 79 events.
An audit of all department complaints was conducted and no public complaints regarding the use of military grade equipment were received. Complaints regarding military equipment are addressed in policies 706 and 1020.
The Fresno Police Department’s military equipment serves a variety of roles, but the deployment of such equipment must be consistent with our policy, the law and industry standards. The option to deploy military equipment when appropriate supports our mission to protect life and minimize use of force, while seeking a peaceful resolution whenever possible.
Certain items of military equipment, particularly consumables, are used throughout the year on a regular basis for training proficiency. The data provided is for the field use of military equipment listed within this report, not equipment or consumables used for the sole purpose of training.
Outreach and Community Engagement:
The Fresno Police Department is committed to building trust with the community it serves. As a part of this mission, equipment including armored vehicles, the Mobile Incident Command vehicle, and Crisis Negotiation Team Vehicles are deployed to community events, as a means of public awareness and education. There were 11 different community events where military equipment and department personnel were present to conduct outreach, education and make connections with Fresno residents.
Projected Acquisitions:
The Department has the following projected acquisitions of non- consumable military equipment for the remainder of FY24 and upcoming FY25. The remainder of non-consumable military equipment costs will consist of ongoing maintenance needs. Funding for non-consumable military equipment is anticipated to be sourced from the existing police budget or designated grant funding, as noted below.
The Department will request or has received governing board approval for the following projected acquisitions of non-consumable military equipment in 2024 or 2025:
• New armored vehicle to replace the aging SWAT Bearcat, estimated cost of $435,000. This equipment was approved for purchase by council and is scheduled for delivery in 2024 (Categories 2 & 3).
• 5 MD11 sniper rifles for the SWAT team, estimated cost of $18,760. Funding identified, will seek council approval for purchase (Category 9).
• ICOR tactical robot for the SWAT team, estimated cost of $80,000. Grant funding identified, will seek council approval for purchase (Category 1).
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
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• Refresh of the Mobile Command Center vehicle. Grant funding identified and updates expected to occur in the second or third quarter of 2024.
• 37 UAV’s, 13 to be purchased under the Organized Retail Theft grant and 24 for patrol and other special units. Estimated cost $174,530.45. Grant funding identified, will seek council approval for purchase (Category 1).
• Refurbishment of the large EOD robot, estimated cost $67,000. Grant funding identified. • New small EOD ICOR Mini-Caliber robot for use with the newly acquired portable x-ray machine, estimated cost $75,262.69. Grant funding identified, will seek council approval for purchase (Category 1).
Fiscal Impact:
The Department’s adopted budget for FY23 was approximately $2 60,664,200, of which $203,323,300 was allocated for personnel expenses. The Fresno Police Department ’s workforce consists of 926 full- time sworn peace officer positions and 388 professional staff positions.
Some listed items were purchased through government grants that contain language specifying how the funds may be spent. The budgeted funds allocated for military equipment expenditures represent a very small fraction of the Department’s operating costs but provides an optimal level of safety during a variety of critical incidents.
Decommissions and Projected Decommissions:
• One Avatar SWAT robot – Mechanical problems. No longer supported by manufacturer, went out of business.
• Crisis Negotiator Trailer – Replaced by new Braun de-escalation vehicle. • Two Tipmann Pepperball SX Launchers (Category 12) - Removed from inventory and replaced with new pepperball equipment.
Equipment Category 1. Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered aerial or ground vehicles.
Robots (Category 1)
• Robotex Avatar III Tactical Robot, cost: $170,904.48 each, Quantify: 2. • Recon Robotics Scout Robot, cost: $19,000 each, Quantity: 2. • Recon Robotics Throwbot 2 (newer version), cost: $34,000 each, Quantity 2. • 4Sight Remote Visualization Robots, cost: $10,737.00 each, Quantity 3
This equipment is a battery powered, remote operated device, equipped with two cameras and two-way radio capabilities (Avatar III). This equipment is for (potential) use during high-risk incidents. Use is limited to members of the Department’s Special Weapons and Tactics (S.W.A.T.) team and other tactical teams that are normally tasked with high-risk incidents.
Incidents that may qualify for its use include, but are not limited to, a high-risk warrant service, barricaded subject, and hostage negotiation/rescue. Before entering a structure, particularly in a tactically compromised and dangerous situation, knowledge of a subject’s location is very important, and the robot can provide that without placing anyone at risk. Cameras can also help determine if a subject is armed or if there are other subjects inside that need assistance. The Avatar’s two-way speakers can be used to de-escalate and determine resistance levels of volatile and dangerous subjects.
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
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Purpose:
To be used to remotely gain visual/audio data, deliver CNT phone, open doors, disrupt packages/devices, and clear buildings. Under special circumstances, this equipment has the capability to deliver non-lethal munitions and chemical agents. These devices are used to de-e scalate volatile and dangerous violent suspects helping to reduce the risk of all involved.
Authorized Use:
Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be permitted to operate the robot. Where the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) has certified a course for the use of a robot , certified training will be obtained. Use is approved by the SWAT commander or tactical team supervisor.
Expected Lifespan:
10-15 years
Fiscal Impact:
Repair or replace as necessary: Estimated at $2,500-$10,000 Training Mandates:
Prior to the use of specialized equipment listed within this section, all officers have completed the required training by POST instructors in the maintenance and operation of such equipment. Where the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) has certified a course for the use of this Military Equipment, certified training will be obtained.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized firearms only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
EOD Small Unmanned Robot -Multi-function remote control ground robot (Category 1).
Explosive Ordinance Disposal Robot, Quantity (3) Two complete units and one spare parts unit, remotely operated four-wheel compact robot with camera.
Used by Bomb Squad personnel to assess hazardous devices from a safe distance. Robot does not have disruption ability. Unit cost $0.00 (Obtained free from 1033 program).
Purpose:
To be used as visual observation and inspection platform during EOD responses to hazardous or explosive devices. Provides safe standoff distance for emergency response personnel.
Authorized Use:
Only assigned bomb squad personnel who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the robot with approval of the EOD Commander.
Expected Lifespan:
Five years of life left due to obsolete technology.
Fiscal Impact:
Minimal annual maintenance cost $300 (cleaning, inspection, etc.).
Training Mandates:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a seven -week Hazardous Device School (HDS), provided by the Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, prior to operating the EOD Small Unmanned multi-function remote control ground robot. A Hazardous Device School Recertification is required every 3 years. Additionally, the National Guidelines for Bomb Technicians includes a requirement for a minimum of 20 hours of training per month. EOD Technicians are required to demonstrate continued proficiency for this equipment during the monthly training and must undergo a minimum of 288 hours total training annually.
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
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Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize breaching tools only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
EOD Large Unmanned Robot -Multi-function remote control ground robot.
Explosive Ordinance Disposal Robot, Quantity (1).
Used by EOD personnel to assess and render-safe hazardous devices from a safe distance. Robot has the ability to accept multiple safety tools and diagnostic equipment. Unit cost approximately $225,000.
Purpose:
To be used as visual observation and inspection platform during EOD responses to hazardous or explosive devices. Provides safe standoff distance for emergency response personnel and ability to use diagnostic or render-safe tools.
Authorized Use:
Only assigned bomb squad personnel who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the robot with approval of the EOD Commander.
Expected Lifespan:
Robot has been in service for approximately 20 years and has undergone refurbishment. Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance costs are between $3,000 to $4,000 annually and increasing due to the age of robot.
Replacement cost of $350,000. Refurbishment is planned for 2024 at the cost of approximately $67,000.
Training Mandates:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a seven- week Hazardous Device School (HDS), provided by the Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, prior to operating the EOD multi-function remote control ground robot. A Hazardous Device School Recertification is required every 3 years. National Guidelines for Bomb Technicians include a requirement for a minimum of 20 hours of training per month. EOD Technicians are required to demonstrate continued proficiency for this equipment undergo a minimum of 288 hours total training annually.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize this tool only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law use of force laws.
Authorized usages:
Only assigned operators who have completed robot training shall be permitted to operate the robot.
Where the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) has certified a course for the use of this Military Equipment, certified training will be obtained. On SWAT callouts, use is approved by the SWAT Commander. On EOD calls, use is approved by the EOD Commander. Use by street tactical teams is approved by the supervisor.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Robots were utilized a total of 157 times in 2023.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s - Category 1)
• DJI MAVIC MINI, cost: $400 each, quantity: 21. Miniature UAS that weighs approximately 249 grams and can record video and audio with approximately 15 minutes of flight time. • DJI MAVIC ENTERPRISE DUALS, cost: $5,500 each, quantity: 16. UAS that has a color and infrared camera as well as audible speaker and light. Capable of video recording and weighs 899 grams, approx. 25 minutes of flight time.
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
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• DJI MAVIC ADVANCED, cost $7500 each, quantity: 1. UAS that has a color and infrared camera as well as audible speaker and light. Capable of video recording and weighs 899 grams, approx. 25 minutes of flight time. • DJI MAVIC PRO, cost: $1500, quantity: 1. UAS that weighs approx. 1.5 pounds, 25 min flight time and a single-color camera with recording capabilities.
• DJI MAVIC AIR, cost: $1200, quantity: 1. UAS that weighs approx. 1.5 pounds, 25 min flight time and a single-color camera with recording capabilities. • DJI AVATA, cost: $2,704.83 each, quantity: 2. UAS that weighs approx. 14.5 ounces, 13 min flight time and a single color camera with recording capabilities.
Purpose:
To be deployed when its view would assist officers or incident commanders with the following situations, which include but are not limited to:
• Major collision investigations.
• Search for missing persons.
• Natural disaster management.
• Crime scene photography.
• SWAT, tactical or other public safety and life preservation missions. • In response to specific requests from local, state or federal fire authorities for fire response and/or prevention.
Authorized Use:
Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be permitted to operate any UAS during approved missions.
Expected Life Span:
All UAS equipment, 3-5 years.
Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance and battery replacement cost is approximately $15,000.
Training Mandates:
All Department UAS operators are trained in house under the FAA COA (Certificate of Authorization) that covers the use of sUAS for Law Enforcement purposes. Operators attend an 8-hour training class and then attend quarterly training.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
Use is established under General Order 525.09, FAA Regulation 14 CFR Part 107, and the City of Fresno UAS Administrative Order 6-29. It is the policy of the FPD to utilize UAS only for official law enforcement purposes, and in a manner that respects the privacy of our community, pursuant to State and Federal law.
Authorized usages:
Only assigned operators who have completed the required training shall be permitted to operate any UAS during approved missions.
UAV’s were utilized a total of 622 times in 2023.
Equipment Category 2. Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers.
Armored Personnel Carrier, vehicle with entry apparatus attached (Category 2 & 3)
2006 Lenco Bearcat Armored Rescue Vehicle, cost: $220,000, quantity: 1.
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
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The Bearcat is designed to provide ballistic protection during tactical events (designed to withstand multiple bullet strikes from small arms fire as well as low level explosions). Equipped with emergency lights/siren and a public address system. Common uses for the Bearcat include citizen and officer rescues, evacuations, and the deployment of officers while offering additional protection for the safe delivery of personnel or other items as necessary for the success of a safe operation. The Bearcat is a regional mutual-aid asset that is shared between Fresno Police Department, Fresno County Sheriff’s Department, and Clovis Police Department. Armored Rescue Vehicles, including the Bearcat model, are common within communities and used to preserve life by offering additional ballistic protection.
Regardless of military surplus or commercially produced, these vehicles are designed to enhance the safety to the members of the community during crisis situations.
Purpose:
Used in response to critical incidents to enhance officer and community safety, improve scene containment and stabilization, and assist in resolving critical incidents.
Authorized Use:
The use of armored vehicles shall only be authorized by the SWAT Commander or their designee, based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident. The Bearcat shall only be used by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training.
Expected Lifespan:
20 years- subject to inspection for functionality and reliability. Upon the delivery of the new Bearcat in 2024, the existing Bearcat will remain available in an auxiliary capacity.
Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $10,000. Shared between Fresno PD, Clovis PD, and Fresno County Sheriff Department.
Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the Lenco Bearcat Armored Rescue Vehicle (ARV), officers must obtain a Non- Commercial Class C Driver’s License from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Additionally, members of the SWAT unit designated to drive the ARV train on this vehicle annually to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the ARV.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized usages:
The use of armored vehicles shall only be authorized by the SWAT Commander or his designee, based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident. Armored vehicles shall only be used by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training.
Unauthorized usages:
There have been zero (0) reported violations of the military equipment use policy from January 1st, 2022, through December 31st, 2022.
Authorized usages:
Vehicle is used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle with the approval of the S.W.A.T. Commander. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver’s license.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
The 2006 Lenco Bearcat Armored Rescue Vehicle was utilized 8 times in 2023.
MRAP Armored Personnel Carrier (Category 2)
2010 Osh Kosh Mine Resistant All-Terrain Vehicle, cost: No cost, (1033 Program acquisition) quantity: 1 Fresno Police Department
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Commonly referred to as a MATV/MRAP approved and adopted under city resolution 2018- 65. Large, armored rescue vehicle that provides ballistic protection during tactical events. Common uses are for citizen and officer rescues, evacuations, and the deployment of officers in a critical incident.
Purpose:
To be used in response to critical incidents to enhance officer and community safety, improve scene containment and stabilization, and assist in resolving critical incidents.
Authorized Use:
The use of armored vehicles shall only be authorized by the SWAT Commander or their designee, based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident. Armored vehicles shall be used only by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training.
Expected Lifespan:20 years- subject to inspection for functionality and reliability.
Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $5,000.
Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the MRAP, officers must obtain a Non- Commercial Class C Driver’s License from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. M embers of the SWAT unit designated to drive the MRAP receive an initial 8-hour MRAP operator course and train on this vehicle annually to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the MRAP.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
The MRAP was deployed 1 time in 2023.
Equipment Category 3. High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly referred to as Humvees, two- and-one-half-ton trucks, five- ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached. However, unarmored all -terrain vehicles (ATVs) and motorized dirt bikes are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
NONE
Equipment Category 4. Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants.
NONE
Equipment Category 5. Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of public safety units.
Crisis Negotiation Team vehicle (Category 5)
1993 Int. Model 3800, cost: $13,291, quantity: 1.
The vehicle is a trailer with a front door and a rear door. The vehicle has been partitioned into (2) separate workspace areas. The equipment housed in the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a negotiations control console and accessories, communications throw phone and cables, miscellaneous office supplies, tabletops, chairs, storage space, coffee maker, and refrigerator. The vehicle is capable of being used as a mobile operation and dispatch center. The vehicle is also capable of transporting personnel and equipment.
Fresno Police Department
Assembly Bill 481: Military Equipment Inventory
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The Mobile Communications Vehicle was placed into service in 2006 after its acquisition from the City of Fresno Library (formerly the bookmobile).
The Crisis Negotiations Team vehicle can be used as an auxiliary command vehicle during major incidents. The vehicle is separated into two areas by a walled partition and door. One area is used as a negotiation / communication center by the Crisis Negotiations Team. The second area can be used as a mobile command center aiding in the command, control, and deployment of personnel at a critical incident.
Purpose:
To be utilized for critical incident callouts.
Authorized Use:
The CNT vehicle is used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver license.
Expected Lifespan:
25 years (Expired)
Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $5,589
Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the Mobile Command Center, officers must obtain a Non -Commercial, Class A endorsement and license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized firearms only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized usages:
To be utilized for critical incident callouts.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Crisis Negotiation Team vehicle was utilized 3 times in 2023.
This vehicle will be decommissioned in 2024 due to the delivery of the new Braun de-escalation vehicle (see below). In previous Military Equipment reports, the photograph was erroneously labeled as a Mobile Command/Crisis Negotiations Vehicle. That has been corrected.
New Braun Crisis Negotiation/De-escalation vehicle (Category 5)
2023 North Star Command Vehicle on Ford F-650 chassis, cost approximately $455,000, quantity: 1.
This vehicle is a van type configuration with interior partitions for separate workspaces. The equipment housed in the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a negotiations control console and accessories, communications throw phone and cables, miscellaneous office supplies, tabletops, chairs, storage space, and refrigerator. The vehicle is capable of being used as a mobile operation and dispatch center. The vehicle is also capable of transporting personnel and equipment.
This vehicle came into service late 2023.
Purpose:
To be utilized for critical incident callouts.
Authorized Use: The CNT vehicle is used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver license.
Fresno Police Department
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Expected Lifespan:
25 years
Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $5,000
Training Mandates:
Members of the CNT Unit train on this vehicle monthly to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment it contains.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
Prior to operating the CNT vehicle, officers must obtain a Class C license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
Authorized usages:
To be utilized for critical incident callouts and de-escalation situations.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
FPD Crisis Negotiation/De-escalation Team vehicle was utilized 1 time in 2023
Mobile Command Center Vehicle (MCC)
2001 International 4700 Crew Cab – custom upfit by Mattman, cost: $162,181, quantity: 1.
The MCC is a command vehicle. It contains communications, and AV equipment used for providing command and control over operations, as well as the ability to serve as an interview or meeting space.
In previous reports, it was depicted incorrectly as the SRT van. That has been corrected.
Purpose:
To be used based on the specific circumstances of a given critical incident, large event, natural disaster or community event that is taking place.
Authorized Use:
The MCC shall be used by officers trained in their deployment and in a manner consistent with Department policy and training.
Expected Lifespan:
20 years. Funding has been tentatively identified to perform $25,000 in updates on the MCC to keep it in service beyond 2024.
Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $2,500, with the exception of the approximate $25,000 upgrade planned in 2024.
Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the Mobile Command Center, officers must obtain a Non -Commercial, Class A endorsement and license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized usages:
To be utilized as a command center for critical incident callouts, disasters and major events, additionally may be used as a backup communications center.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
FPD Mobile Command Center/Crisis Negotiation Team vehicle was utilized 4 times in 2023.
Fresno Police Department
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2024 PROPOSED UPGRADE - Upgrades to military equipment require reporting under department policy and applicable government code. Our current Mobile Command (MCC) trailer was put in service around 2003 and has not undergone any significant technological upgrades since 2013. MCC is used for major events including, but not limited to critical incidents (e.g., OIS or a mass casualty event), disasters and large-scale demonstrations. With the proposed upgrades, it can also serve as a secure location for detectives to conduct interviews with witnesses at a major scene or as a back -up/auxiliary mobile communications center.
Grant funds have been identified to upgrade computer and communications technology, ensure secure network connectivity, and for repairs to the trailer itself. Specifically, computer and television monitors, cameras and network upgrades are necessary in order to upfit it for service as a multi-purpose resource capable of serving as a command center, mobile dispatch or interview room.
SWAT Command Vehicle (Category 5)
2019 Ford F650 Super Duty-Braun Northwest. Cost $220,000. Quantity 1.
Large crew cab truck with cargo box, used by SWAT on high-risk incidents. The vehicle is used to support SWAT operations, transport equipment and used as a tactical command station during critical incidents. The “bus” is equipped with computer monitors, police computer network data, and communication equipment. The item is referred to as the “SWAT Bus.”
Purpose:
Utilized for critical incident callouts as a point for tactical command and control for SWAT , secure transport of specialized equipment, community engagement events, or as directed by the Chief of Police or SWAT Commander.
Authorized Use:
Vehicle is used by officers and staff who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the vehicle with the approval of the SWAT Commander. The driver of the vehicle shall have a valid California driver’s license.
Expected Lifespan:
20 years
Fiscal Impact:
Annual maintenance cost of approximately $5,000.
Training Mandates:
Prior to operating the SWAT Command Vehicle, officers must have a Class C license from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Additionally, members of the SWAT Unit train on this vehicle quarterly to ensure safe operation and demonstrate proficiency with the equipment on the SWAT Command Vehicle.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized usages:
To be utilized as a command center for critical SWAT calls.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
The 2019 Ford F650 Super Duty -Braun Northwest SWAT bus was utilized a total of nine (9) times in 2023.
Equipment Category 6. Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind.
Fresno Police Department
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NONE
Equipment Category 7. Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature.
Breeching Slugs (Category 7)
Royal Arms, cost: $1,080, quantity: 216.
Shotgun breaching rounds are specialty shotgun shells utilized for door breaching and are comprised of special compressed frangible material. The Royal Arms breaching rounds are locking mechanism, allowing entry into the room or structure. The projectile is designed to dissipate after striking the locking mechanism to minimize penetration into the interior for the safety of occupants and operators. Shotgun breaching rounds are used to gain rapid access to a room or structure when an emergency need exists or when conventional breaching means are not safe, feasible, practical, or the situation dictates otherwise.
Purpose:
To safely and rapidly defeat a locking mechanism.
Expected Lifespan:
Until expended.
Fiscal Impact:
Est. between $250 and $500 annually.
Training Mandates:
SWAT members assigned as breachers attend a 24- hour breaching school. SWAT team members designated to use breaching slugs receive annual training on their safe deployment.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize breaching tools only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
Authorized Use:
Breaching may only occur after authorization by the SWAT Commander or designee and during a training environment by SWAT personnel.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Breaching rounds were used not used in 2023.
Breaching Apparatus (Category 7)
Detonating Cord, Cost: $1 per foot, Quantity: 176 pounds The detonating cord is a thin, flexible plastic tube usually filled with explosive powder. Any common length of detonation cord is designed to explode instantaneously. It is a highspeed fuse which explodes, rather than burns, and is suitable for detonating high explosives. Detonating chord can be used for disposal of hazardous items as well as for breaching.
Blasting Cap, Cost: $12 each, Quantity: 156
A blasting cap is a small sensitive primary explosive device generally used to detonate a larger, more powerful, and less sensitive, secondary explosive such as TNT, dynamite, or plastic explosive. Blasting caps come in a variety of types, including non-electric caps, electric caps, and fuse caps.
Sheet Explosive, Cost $296.00 per pound, Quantity: 43 pounds Fresno Police Department
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Sheet explosive is a thin flexible high explosive used to dispose of hazardous devices and can also be used as a part of an explosive breaching tool and to counter charge a hazardous explosive device. Sheet explosive comes in various thicknesses.
Purpose:
To safely gain entry into a structure and to safely dispose/disrupt or render safe hazardous devices.
Expected Lifespan:
Blasting Caps - 10 years
Detonating Cord - 10 years
Sheet Explosive – 5 years
Fiscal Impact:
Annual replacement cost of approximately $ 20,000.
EOD Training Requirements:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a 40-hour training and certification. A hazardous device school recertification is required every 3 years. Explosive or energetic breaching requires additional training and certification, with 40 hours of basic, intermediate and advanced level training.
SWAT Training:
EOD members utilizing energetic or explosive breaching during a SWAT operation are also required to undergo a basic 80 -hour SWAT school. SWAT members without required EOD training do not utilize energetic/explosive breaching tools.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the Department to utilize breaching tools only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
Authorized Use:
To safely gain entry into a structure or to safely dispose of/disrupt hazardous devices.
Explosive breaching may only occur after authorization by the SWAT commander, with concurrence from the EOD Commander in the field and during training exercises. Throughout the year, explosive materials are used to destroy dangerous munitions and other non-evidentiary items to render them safe.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Energetic/Explosive Breaching Tools were used 2 times in 2023.
Equipment Category 8. Firearms and ammunition of .50 caliber or greater, excluding standard- issue shotguns and standard-issue shotgun ammunition.
NONE
Equipment Category 9. Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber , including firearms and accessories identified as assault weapons in Penal Code § 30510 and Penal Code §30515, with the exception of standard-issue handguns.
Patrol Rifle/SWAT Rifles & Ammunition
Patrol Rifle: Colt AR-15/M4/Commando, cost: $1,165, quantity: 526
The Patrol Rifle is a firearm that allows the officer to engage a lethal criminal threat from a safe distance. The patrol rifle is a lightweight, air-cooled, gas operated, magazine fed, shoulder fired, semi- automatic rifle. (S.W.A.T.) personnel have access to select fire rifles for use in specified situations Fresno Police Department
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that normally deal with high- risk. The projectile is capable of penetrating soft body armor worn by armed subjects.
o Patrol Rifle Ammunition. Speer .223 Speer LE, 55 grain, GDSP cartridge is the primary duty ammunition. Cost: $54,780, quantity: 204 cases
o P atrol Rifle Ammunition. Winchester .223 Remington, 55 grain cartridge is the primary training ammunition for the Department. Cost: $116,280, quantity: 360 cases
SWAT Weapons. The Fresno Police Department Special Weapons and Tactics (S.W.A.T.) team was formed in 1975, in response to very dangerous or violent tactical encounters. The Sniper element is a component of the S.W.A.T. team that uses precision rifles equipped with enhanced magnified optics which are critical in gathering intel, and if needed, can safely engage a lethal threat to preserve life. The Sniper Rifle does not have an expiration but will need to be serviced or replaced when failure occurs.
Sniper Rifle: Accuracy International Rifle cost: $43,069, quantity: 5
Heckler and Koch HK91 Rifle cost: $10,000, quantity: 1
FN-16 SWAT Rifle, cost $1,330 each, quantity 32
• Sniper Rifle Ammunition. Federal GM .308 WIN., Cost: $3,740, quantity: 4,360 This is a 168 grain, cartridge deployed during potential lethal encounters, in high- risk, low- frequency environments. The 168 grain, Federal GM projectile maintains accuracy while resulting in higher impact velocities, less drop, less wind drift, and more energy on target. • Sniper Rifle Ammunition. Federal T308T .308 WIN. Cost: $6,563, quantity: 7,500.
Purpose:
Used to gather critical intel during a SWAT operation and, if needed, can be used to safely engage a lethal threat to preserve life. Precision weapons can be used to address a criminal and lethal threat with better precision at greater distances than a patrol rifle or handgun, if present and feasible.
Expected Lifespan:
Patrol Rifle – No expiration/repair or replace as necessary The Speer .223 Remington, 55 grain – No expiration.
• Winchester .223 Remington, 55 grain – No expiration Sniper Rifles – No expiration/repair or replace as necessary
• Federal GM .308 WIN., 168 grain – No expiration
• Federal T308T .308 WIN., 168 grain – No expiration
Fiscal Impact:
Patrol Rifle – Annual cost between $4,999 - $79,999
o Speer .223 Remington, 55 grain – Annual cost: between $12,450 - $24,900 o Winchester .223 Remington, 55 grain, practice ammunition. Annual cost: between $35,000 – $82,675
o Sniper Rifle – Annual cost between $900 – $16,222
o Federal GM .308 WIN., 168 grain – Annual cost between $3,800 - $6,000- must use same ammunition for training and field use.
o Federal T308T .308 WIN., 168 grain – Annual cost between $3,800 - $6,000- must use same ammunition for training and field use.
Training-Patrol Rifle Mandates:
Prior to authorization to use these weapons, each officer must successfully complete a 16-hour P.O.S.T.
Fresno Police Department
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certified course, per state law. Officers must attend trimester training covering legal mandates, policy, and constitutional issues limiting the use of deadly force. Officers must also demonstrate the proficient use of this weapon as well as effective maintenance and safe storage consistent with California Law and FPD Policy. Officers must requalify with this weapon annually. Pass/fail. (P.O.S.T. certification). Use of this weapon, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
Training-SWAT Weaponry Mandates:
Sniper Precision Rifle .308 - each designated operator must first attend an in- house, 24-hour training regarding basic SWAT operations taught by POST certified instructors, a POST certified Basic SWAT training consisting of 80- hours, and a 40 -hour Basic Sniper course certified by P.O.S.T. Each designated operator must attend monthly SWAT trainings, qualifications, and must demonstrate proficiency. Pass/Fail (P.O.S.T. Certification). Officers must also demonstrate the effective maintenance and safe storage consistent with California Law and FPD Policy. Use of SWAT weapons, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize firearms only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law.
Authorized Use:
Only members that received P.O.S.T. certified training in the patrol rifle are authorized to carry and use the patrol rifle. Only members of SWAT who have attended a P.O.S.T. certified basic sniper course are authorized to use a .308 cal. precision rifle.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Rifles were not used in 2023.
Equipment Category 10. Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles.
NONE
Equipment Category 11. Noise-flash diversionary devices and explosive breaching tools.
Flashbangs (Category 11)
Light Sound Disruption Devices (LSDD) Def Tec “Low Roll” emits a loud “bang” and a flash of light, cost:
$1,767, quantity: 57 LSDD Def Tec reloadable fuses which are used to reload in reusable Low Roll LSDD body. cost: $961, quantity: 31.
A flashbang, or LSDD, is a small handheld device that can be deployed by a single person in a specified area and creates a bright flash and loud sound. The LSDD has a low flash point and is designed to stay intact and not produce fragmentation or shrapnel. The LSDD body stays intact and is designed for re- use upon inspection. LSDD will produce atmospheric over -pressure and brilliant white light and, as a result, can cause short -term (6 - 8 seconds) physiological/psychological sensory deprivation to give officers a tactical advantage in dangerous situations.
Purpose:
To produce atmospheric over-pressure and brilliant white light and, as a result, can cause short- term (6- 8 seconds) physiological/psychological sensory deprivation to give officers a tactical advantage in dangerous situations. LSDD are used to distract and temporarily disorient dangerous suspects by Fresno Police Department
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temporarily overwhelming their senses of vision and hearing. LSDD’s are used to dislodge, distract, disorient, detect, deny, or disperse a subject(s) in a high-risk environment.
Expected Lifespan:
LSDD Def Tec “Low Roll” reloadable body – 5 years or 25 uses LSDD Def Tec fuse- one time use; 5- year shelf life.
Fiscal Impact:
LSDD Def Tec “Low Roll” and fuses – Annual cost est. $2,900- $5,745.97.
Training Mandates:
Flashbang-LSDD: Each designated SWAT operator must first attend an in-house, 24-hour training from a POST certified trainer regarding basic SWAT operations to include LSDD devices, as well as a POST certified Basic SWAT training course consisting of 80 hours. SWAT members are required to attend monthly SWAT trainings. SWAT members must attend annual training on the deployment of LSDD, case law, tactical considerations, and appropriate use. Each member must demonstrate safety and proficiency.
Pass/Fail.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized Use:
• When authorized by the Chief of Police or SWAT Commander. • Discretionary authority can be given by the SWAT commander to SWAT Team Leaders during emergency operations.
• By SWAT officers who have been trained in their proper use. • During high- risk operations where the use is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances.
• Use must be evaluated, and the benefits outweigh the risk associated with the use. • Officers using LSDD during a SWAT deployment shall have received instruction and training by a certified instructor or attended a POST certified course on the use and deployment. • During training exercises.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
LSDD’s were used during 3 incidents in 2023.
Equipment Category 12 Munitions containing tear gas or OC, excluding standard, service- issued handheld pepper spray.
Munitions Containing Tear Gas/OC (Category 12)
Def Tec Tri-Chamber– Pyrotechnic grenade designed for indoor use delivering a maximum amount of irritant smoke throughout multiple rooms with minimal risk of fire. Cost: $1,380, quantity: 27 Def Tec 40mm – Li quid CS filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents into an adjacent room. Cost: $735, quantity: 113
Def Tec 12 gauge– Li quid CS filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents into an adjacent room. Cost: $2,128, quantity: 266
Def Tec 40mm-P owder OC filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents.
Normally used, but not exclusively, when CS does not influence a suspect’s senses. Cost: $557, Quantity:
25 Def Tec 40mm- Li quid OC filled projectile penetrates intermediate barriers and delivers irritant agents.
Normally used, but not exclusively, when CS does not influence a suspect’s sensory perception. Cost:
$557, Quantity: 25
Fresno Police Department
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Chemical agent munitions, which are commonly referred to as “tear gas,” are used by the Fresno Police Department as a non -lethal dispersal agent that can be propelled from a designated launcher or hand deployed. Chemical agents are designed to have psychological and physiological effects and used to gain compliance by overloading a person’s senses. Department uses chemical agents which are used by law enforcement across the United States: CS (2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) and OC (Oleoresin Capsicum). CS is an irritating agent and lachrymator (irritates the eyes and causes tears to flow). CS has been medically tested in the UK and US, specifically by the U.S. Army. There are no known allergic reactions to CS. OC was de- regulated in California in 1996, is endorsed by the FBI, and is available to civilians to legally possess (2.5oz or less). OC is an inflammatory agent which causes involuntary closure of eyes (open in 2-5 minutes) and respiratory inflammation (subsides in approximately 2 minutes).
Purpose:
The application in tactical situations primarily is to detect, dislodge, distract, disorient, or deny access.
Chemical agent can also be used to disperse unlawful rioters. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain compliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent and dangerous subjects; to limit the escalation of conflict through pain compliance. Situations for use of the less lethal option may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals. The application in tactical situations is primarily to detect and/or dislodge barricaded suspects. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain compliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent dangerous subjects.
• Barricaded suspects.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and the use is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances.
• Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
Expected Lifespan:
Def Tec Tri-Chamber – 5 years
Def Tec 40mm Liquid CS – 5 years
Def Tec 12 ga. Liquid CS– 5 years
Def Tec 40mm Powder OC – 5 years
Def Tec 40mm Liquid OC– 5 years
Fiscal Impact:
Def Tec Tri-Chamber – est. $1,200 to $2,412 annually
Def Tec 40mm Liquid CS – est. $1,200 to $4,500 annually Def Tec 12-gauge Liquid CS – est. $200 to $500 annually Def Tec 40mm Powder OC- est. $900-$2,500 annually
Def Tec 40mm Liquid OC- est. $900-$2,500 annually
Training Mandates:
Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly after receiving initial training in the deployment of chemical agent. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a P.O.S.T. certified course.
Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Use of this weapon system, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized usages:
Fresno Police Department
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The application in tactical situations primarily is to detect, dislodge, distract, disorient, or deny access.
Chemical agent can also be used to disperse unlawful rioters. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain compliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent and dangerous subjects; to limit the escalation of conflict through pain compliance. Situations for use of the less lethal option may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals. The application in tactical situations is primarily to detect and/or dislodge barricaded suspects. The overall purpose is to minimize the risks to all parties through pain compliance, temporary discomfort, and/or incapacitation of potentially violent dangerous subjects.
• Barricaded wanted suspects.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and the use is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances.
• Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Def-Tec Tri-Chambers were utilized 6 times in 2023.
Def Tec 40mm – 37 Liquid CS filled projectiles were utilized in 2023.
Pepper Ball Launcher (Category 12)
Pepper Ball Launcher System: Cost: $33,068, quantity: 28
System that uses high pressure air to deliver PAVA powder projectiles (similar to a paint ball delivery system). System capable of launching projectiles at a subject up to 60’. System capable of area saturation up to 150’. Non-lethal option offers law enforcement officers the means to deliver chemical agents and kinetic energy impacts to subjects in a potentially violent encounter. De- Escalation tool used to avoid potentially violent conflicts while minimizing risk of injury to all.
Pepper Ball VXR LIVE-X PROJECTILE: Cost: $8,984 quantity: 3000
The VXR Live-X shaped projectile is a non -lethal round. This projectile is best for direct impact or area saturation. Discharged from a Pepper Ball Launcher, the projectile has a velocity of 280- 425 FPS. The projectile has a direct impact of 150ft and an area of saturation of 390+ft. The projectile contains 2.5% PAVA powder.
Purpose:
To limit the escalation of conflict as a less-lethal option.
Expected Lifespan:
Pepper Ball Launcher: No expiration- repair or replace as necessary Live-X Projectile: 1 year
Fiscal Impact:
Pepper Ball Launcher: est. cost $500 and $7,500 annually Live-X Projectile: estimated between $3,500 and $9,000 annually.
Training Mandates:
Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Use of this weapon system, not including training, is a Reportable Use Fresno Police Department
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of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized Use:
Only those officers who have been trained in the use of Pepper Ball launchers are authorized to use the Pepper Ball launchers for field use. Officers must attend a P.O.S.T. approved course prior to use in crowd control deployment. Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
• Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
• Potentially vicious animals.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Pepper Ball Launchers were utilized on 4 calls for service in 2023.
LMT 40mm tactical single launcher (Category 12)
Quantity (4), unit cost $985.70. Single shot launcher with an adjustable integrated front grip with light rail.
The ambidextrous lateral sling mount allow s both a single- and two- point sling attachment. Will fire standard 40mm less lethal ammunition, up to 4.8 inches in cartridge length. The launcher has an integrated Picatinny Rail that can accept enhanced optics/sighting systems.
Purpose
To be used to fire direct impact less lethal munitions, gas irritants, and/or signaling/warning munitions.
Expected Lifespan:
Indefinite if properly maintained.
Fiscal Impact:
Minimal annual maintenance cost (cleaning, inspection, etc.) Training Mandates:
Officers must attend SWAT school and demonstrate proficiency yearly to deploy this weapon. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Use of this weapon system, not including training, is a Reportable Use of Force which is audited internally and by the Office of Independent Review.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized Use:
Only assigned MFF operators who have completed a P.O.S.T. certified training course.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
LMT 40 mm launchers were not utilized in 2023.
Fresno Police Department
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Tipmann Pepperball SX Launcher (Category 12)
DECOMMISSIONED
Def Tec MK-9S OC Vapor Canister (Category 12)
Quantity (45), unit cost $56.80. Non-flammable hand-held OC vapor canister.
Purpose
Crowd management tool designed to deliver a short burst of OC at an effective range of 10-15 feet. This .7% MC OC aerosol product utilizes a vapor delivery method providing a high concentration of OC in a powerful mist, inflaming the mucous membranes and exposed skin. Onset is immediate and very intense, resulting in an intense burning sensation that evaporates quickly when exposed to fresh air.
Expected Lifespan:
10 years. Current inventory expires at the end of 2027
Fiscal Impact:
None
Training Mandates:
Prior to the use of the OC Vapor Canister, all officers must be certified by POST instructors in the use, legal limitations, maintenance and operation of such systems. Utilization of this weapon system, outside of training, may be considered a reportable use of force which is audited through the Office of Independent Review.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized Use:
Only assigned M obile Field F orce (MFF) operators who have completed a P.O.S.T. certified training course.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Def Tech MK-9S OC Vapor Canisters were not utilized in 2023.
Equipment Category 13. TASER® Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and long- range acoustic devices.
NONE
Equipment Category 14. Kinetic energy weapons and munitions.
40mm Projectile Launch Platforms and munitions (Category 14) Def Tec 40mm single-shot Launcher: Cost: $26,875, quantity: 25.
Milkor MGL-LTL Multi-launcher: Cost: $ 9,800 Quantity: 2 Sponge Baton munition. Cost: $8,192, quantity: 381
Rubber Ball Rounds. Quantity (13), unit cost $25.60.
40mm round containing approximately 18, 60 caliber rubber balls.
The Def Tec launcher is a system that delivers a 40MM projectile from a distance of 5-70 yards depending on the selection of munitions. The launcher can be used to deploy less -lethal or chemical munitions.
S.W.A.T. personnel have (4) single-single launchers dedicated to chemical munition deployment while the remaining 21 are dedicated Less-Lethal munition launchers.
Fresno Police Department
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The Less-Lethal launcher is a single-shot launcher, which allows the officer to assess after every spent munition. SWAT personnel have access to a Milkor MGL- LTL multi-launcher. The Milkor multi-launcher uses the same munitions but is capable of firing 6 rounds before reloading. The Milkor multi-launcher is a dedicated Less-Lethal launcher. Less-Lethal launchers do not have an expiration but will need to be serviced or replaced when the launcher fails or breaks. The 40MM munitions are Exact Impact, Extended Range, or Direct Impact with OC. The Sponge Baton munition is used as a Less-Lethal weapon designed to de-escalate a potentially violent encounter.
Purpose:
To limit the escalation of conflict as a less-lethal option.
Expected Lifespan:
40mm Launcher: No expiration 40mm Sponge Round: 5 years Fiscal Impact:
40mm Launcher: est. $500- $10,750 annually40mm Sponge Round: estimated between $3,000- $12,000 annually Rubber Ball Rounds. 5 years.
Training Mandates:
SWAT operator attend SWAT operations school and POST certified Basic SWAT training course consisting of 80 hours to launch platform devices . SWAT members are required to attend monthly SWAT trainings. SWAT members train annually in the deployment of la unchers, case law, tactical considerations, and appropriate use. Each member must demonstrate safety and proficiency. Pass/Fail.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized equipment only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized Use:
Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
• Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
• Potentially vicious animals.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun dedicated Less-Lethal bean bag munition (Category 14).
The beanbag shotgun is a Remington 870 12 -gauge shotgun with a yellow color fore -end and yellow stock, indicating a dedicated “Less -Lethal” shotgun. The projectile is comprised of lead shot pellets encased in a cloth “sock.” When fired, the projectile is designed to flatten out upon impact, while staying intact and delivering a forceful blow to the subject.
Cost: $170,640 Quantity: 316
CTS “Super Sock” bean bag round: Cost: $16,957, Quantity: 3,230.
Purpose:
To limit the escalation of conflict as a less-lethal option.
Expected Lifespan:
Remington 870: No expiration (estimated 15 years) Repair and replace as necessary CTS Bean Bag “Super Sock.”
Fresno Police Department
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Fiscal Impact:
Remington 870: est. $3,500-$15,000 annually CTS “Super Sock” est. $8,000-$14,000 annually Training Mandate for 40mm Projectile Munitions:
Prior to deployment of this weapons system, each department member shall have attended and successfully completed a 4- hour training from a POST certified instructor on this weapon system. (Pending POST certification on this course). Officers shall demonstrate proficiency annually. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4-hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations. Pass/Fail. Utilization of this weapon system, outside of training, is a reportable use of force which is audited through the Office of Independent Review.
Training Mandate for Beanbag Supersock:
Prior to deployment of this weapons system, each department member shall have attended and successfully completed a 2-hour training prior to field deployment. Officers shall demonstrate proficiency yearly. If deployed during crowd control operation, officers shall have attended a 4-hour P.O.S.T. certified course. Annual training consists of use of force policies, laws, and appropriate tactical considerations.
Pass/Fail. Utilization of this weapon system, outside of training, is a reportable use of force which is audited through the Office of Independent Review.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of this Department to utilize specialized weapons and/or munitions only for official law enforcement purposes and pursuant to State and Federal law regarding the use of force.
Authorized usages:
Situations for use of the less lethal weapon systems may include, but are not limited to:
• Dangerous and/or combative individuals.
• Riot/crowd control and civil unrest incidents.
• Circumstances where a tactical advantage can be obtained, and less-lethal options are objectively reasonable.
• Potentially vicious animals.
• Training exercises or approved demonstrations.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
Less Lethal Shotguns were utilized 5 times in 2023.
Equipment Category 15. Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight.
Equipment Uncategorized: Mine/Metal Detector, 1033 Program (Category 15) Description, quantity, capabilities, and purchase cost:
Explosive Ordinance Disposal Mine (metal) detector, Quantity (2), A unit used to locate metallic and low- metallic buried objects. Unit cost $0.00 (Obtained free from 1033 program).
Purpose:
To be used during EOD responses to hazardous devices and to locate evidence during investigations of explosions.
Expected Lifespan:
Indefinite if properly maintained.
Fiscal Impact:
Minimal annual maintenance cost (cleaning, inspection, etc.).
Fresno Police Department
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Training Mandate:
Bomb Squad Technicians are required to become certified through a six-week Hazardous Device School (HDS), provided by the Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, prior to operating the EOD Hand-Held Metal Detector. A Hazardous Device School Recertification is required every 3 years.
There is no cost to attend the recertification. All costs for the recertifications are covered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Additionally, the National Guidelines for Bomb Technicians includes a requirement for a minimum of 16 hours of training per month. EOD Technicians are required to demonstrate continued proficiency with this equipment during the monthly training.
Legal and Procedural Rules:
It is the policy of the FPD to utilize this tool only for official law enforcement purposes, and pursuant to State and Federal law use of force laws.
Authorized Use:
Only assigned bomb squad personnel or post blast investigators who have been properly trained in the safe handling of the metal detector with approval of the EOD Commander.
Unauthorized usages:
No reported unauthorized usages in 2023.
The metal/mine detector was not used in 2023.